,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b ,AUGU/ #aiag ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ ,TEXT 3 ,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I4 ,AUGU/ #aiag ,! PROLET>IAT1 N[ /RONG & POPUL\S DUE TO ! 9DU/RIAL EXPANSION1 5T]$ 9TO OP5 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,! DECISIVE MOM5TS ( ! BATTLE OCCURR$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#g1 AS ,SPA9 TEET]$ ON ! BR9K ( REVOLUTION4 ,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! C5TURY1 ! ,CATALAN & ,BASQUE 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE UND]/OOD ?AT ! PR9CIPAL OB/ACLE TO ITS GR[? LAY 9 ,SPA9'S ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURES & ?AT ! C\NTRY W\LD NEV] DEVELOP AS LONG AS ! CL]GY1 >I/OCRACY1 & MILIT>Y MONOPOLIZ$ POLITICAL P[]4 ,!Y ?US 9ITIAT$ AN (F5SIVE AIM$ AT DISPLAC+ ! P>TIES ?AT HAD BE5 TAK+ TURNS RUNN+ ! /ATE & L9K$ !IR EF=TS1 PSY*OLOGICALLY1 TO DEEPLY ROOT$ AUTONOMI/ S5TIM5TS AMONG ! ,CATALAN & ,BASQUE PEOPLES4 ,!SE PASSIONS W]E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY SEP>ATI/ 9 *>ACT] & REPRES5T$ A GR[+ *ALL5GE TO ! P[] ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T 9 ,MADRID4 ,! EXPLOSION ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> PROMPT$ ! B\RGEOISIE TO ACCUMULATE WEAL? AT A FR5ZI$ RATE1 AL?\< IT DID NOT BO!R TO MOD]NIZE 9DU/RY OR PREP>E ITSELF = ! ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT W\LD OCCUR :5 ! DOORS ( =EIGN TRADE CLOS$4 ,9 #a#i#a#f1 9 ! MID/ ( ! ,EUROPEAN W>1 ,SPA9 HAD TO CONFRONT A T]RIBLE REALITY3 ! C\NTRY HAD A DEFICIT ( MORE ?AN #a111 PESETAS & ALSO HAD TO BE> NEW CO/S D]IV+ FROM ITS UN=TUNATE MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,! MONOPOLI/IC OLIG>*IES HAD BE5 GETT+ RI* :ILE ! /ATE SP5T ITS RES]VES4 ,! GOV]NM5T WAS DESP]ATE & APPEAL$ TO ,CATALAN & ,BASQUE 9DU/RIALI/S1 9 ! HOPES ?AT !Y W\LD HELP IT EXTRACT ITSELF FROM ITS IMPASSE4 ,CONS]VATIVE ,TREASURY ,M9I/] ,SANTIAGO ,ALBA ADVOCAT$ PLAC+ A DIRECT TAX ON ! EXTRAORD9>Y PR(ITS MADE BY COMPANIES & 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT HIS PLAN HAD A LIMITATION ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL B\RGEOISIE NOT$ IMM$IATELY3 ! AGRICULTURAL CAPITALI/S W]E EXEMPT FROM ! TAX1 :I* ONCE AGA9 DEMON/RAT$ ! FEUDAL 9FLU5CE ON ! /ATE4 ,US+ ?IS EXCEPTION AS A PLAT=M1 ,FRANCESC ,CAMBO1 A LEAD+ REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,CATALAN B\RGEOISIE1 ATTACK$ ! PROJECT 9 ! ,CORTES & NOT ONLY /OPP$ IT 9 ITS TRACKS BUT ALSO CAUS$ ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,C\NT ( ,ROMANONES TO FALL4 ,H[EV]1 ! B\RGEOISIE FAC$ ITS [N EM]G5CY :5 =EIGN PUR*ASES W]E LIMIT$ 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,9DE$1 ! CONSEQU5T DECL9E 9 PR(ITS M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! DIFFICULT1 IRR$EEMABLE SITUATION 9TO :I* ,SPA9 W\LD DESC5D AFT] ! W>4 ,DESPITE ALL ?IS1 ! B\RGEOISIE WAS 9CAPABLE ( DRAW+ ALL ! P]T95T CONCLUSIONS &1 IDEOLOGICALLY SPEAK+1 DID LITTLE TO DIFF]5TIATE ITSELF LITTLE FROM ! CONS]VATIVES4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 /RUGGL+ UND] ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 ORGANIZ$ A NATIONAL PROTE/ 9 #aiaf ?AT %OOK ! 5TIRE C\NTRY & ITS DOM9ANT /RATA 9 P>TICUL>4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME1 ! ,C,N,T 7,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO7 & ! ,U,G,T 7,UNION ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES7 SIGN$ AN ACCORD ?AT SPOKE OP5LY ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 .<#b.> ,! 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL ELITES =GOT !IR DIFF]5CES AFT] SEE+ ?IS PROLET>IAN DEMON/RATION & BO? RESPOND$ BELLIG]5TLY TO ! WORK]S' DEM&S4 ,A SOCIAL W> WAS BREW+4 ,TWO EV5TS DI/URB$ ! FRAGILE POLITICAL SITUATION EV5 FUR!R4 ,ONE WAS ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* APPE>$ TO ALL AS A TRANSC5D5T EV5T 9 :I* ! WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY TOOK CONTROL ( !IR DE/9IES = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,9 ,SPA91 NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA DETONAT$ POPUL> UPRIS+S 9 ! CITIES & ! C\NTRYSIDE1 :]E REBELLIONS ]UPT$ TO ! %\T ( 0,VIVA ! ,SOVIETS60 ,! SECOND EV5T WAS ! REBELLION ( ! 9FANTRY )9 ! >M$ =CES4 ,!IR REVOLT WAS NOT /RICTLY POLITICAL1 BUT MOTIVAT$ BY A REACTION TO ! MON>*Y'S FAVORITISM T[>D ! ,AFRICAN MILIT>Y LOBBY1 :I* 9SI/$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T CONT9UE ! W> 9 ,MOROCCO AT ALL CO/S4 .<#b#a.> ,BY ,MAY #a#i#a#g1 ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = A REVOLUTION SEEM$ TO HAVE CRY/ALLIZ$4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,U,G,T--9 KEEP+ ) ! #aiaf UNITY PACT--HAD TO CONFRONT ! EV5TS & PREP>E !IR RESPECTIVE =CES = ACTION4 ,! TWO GR\PS FRAM$ ! SITUATION V]Y DIFF]5TLY4 ,! MATT] WAS CLE> = ! ,C,N,T3 !Y HAD TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( CONTRADICTIONS AMONG ! B\RGEOIS & EXPLOIT ! DISS5SION BETWE5 ! >MY & ! /ATE 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! MON>*Y & PROCLAIM AN ADVANC$ SOCIAL REPUBLIC4 ,= ! ,U,G,T1 :I* ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY CONTROLL$1 ! JUNCTURE WAS NOT SO MU* SOCIAL AS POLITICAL 9 *>ACT]3 IT WANT$ TO =M A P>LIAM5T>Y BLOCK ?AT W\LD 9/ALL A LIB]AL GOV]NM5T BUT NOT LIQUIDATE ! MON>*Y4 ,! TWO WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS W]E UNABLE TO F9D REAL COMMON GR\ND BETWE5 !SE DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ APPROA*ES TO ! MOM5T4 ,:ILE ! ,SOCIALI/S DISC\RAG$ MASS ACTION--TELL+ ! ,C,N,T ?AT IT WASN'T ! RIY POT5TIAL ( ! P]IOD4 ,! FIR/ WAS ,$U>DO ,DATO'S 5TRANCE 9TO ! GOV]NM5T1 :O RU%$ TO MEET ! DEM&S ( ! 9FANTRY & ?US REE/ABLI%$ DISCIPL9E 9 ! >MY4 ,! SECOND WAS ! RES\ND+ FAILURE ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,ASSEMBLY ?AT HAD GA!R$ 9 ,B>CELONA ) A PL$GE TO APPO9T A PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T4 .<#b#b.> ,?AT ,ASSEMBLY DISSOLV$ ITSELF :5 IT LE>N$ ?AT ,B>CELONA'S WORK+ CLASS HAD BUILT B>RICADES 9 ! /REETS & RAIS$ ! R$ FLAG4 ,IT LEFT ! WORK]S AT ! M]CY ( GOV]NM5T P]SECUTION FROM !N ON 7,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#a#g74 ,) ! ,ASSEMBLY DISSOLV$ & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S POLITICAL DREAM DISPELL$--IT HAD P9N$ ITS HOPES ON ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,ASSEMBLY--! ,U,G,T & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY DID NOT KN[ :AT TO DO4 ,!IR LEAD]%IP WAS FRI$ ?AT A PEACEFUL G5]AL /RIKE W\LD SUFFICE TO CALM ! MASSES &1 FROM !N ON1 ?AT WAS ! ,U,G,T'S OBJECTIVE4 ,IT TOOK CONTROL ( ! WORK]S' REBELLION 79 OPPOSITION TO ! ,C,N,T7 & =M$ A ,NATIONAL ,/RIKE ,COMMITTEE4 ,POLICE >RE/$ ! ,COMMITTEE )9 H\RS ( ! DECL>ATION ( ! G5]AL /RIKE ON ,AUGU/ #a#c1 #a#i#a#g4 ,A WITNESS ( ! #aiag G5]AL /RIKE SUMM$ IT UP 9 !SE T]MS3 0,! REVOLT WAS REVOLUTION>Y1 UNANIM\S & COMPLETE ?R\<\T ,SPA92 ,I DON'T KN[ IF ANY?+ LIKE IT HAS OCCURR$ ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,HUNDR$S ( WORK]S FELL ?R\<\T ! ,P59SULA4444 . IT BEGAN )\T A CONCRETE GOAL & LA/$ A WEEK4 ,! H]OIC WORK]S ( ,A/URIAS PROLONG$ IT = EI ,9DE$1 ! REPRESSION WAS SEV]E3 0! TROOPS W]E CALL$ \T & US$ !IR MA*9E-GUNS AGA9/ ! /RIK]S4444 ,! TROOPS W]E ?\B>\SLY 444 ! >MY 444 ) ! ,K+ . ! ONLY REAL P[] 9 ! C\NTRY40 .<#b#d.> ,TO R\ND ?+S (F1 SEV]AL MON?S LAT]1 9 RESPONSE TO ?OSE :O REPROA*$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY = HAV+ TRI$ TO MAKE A REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 ,SOCIALI/ LEAD] ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO DECL>$ ! FOLL[+ 9 ! ,CORTES3 0,IT'S TRUE ?AT WE GAVE >MS TO ! PEOPLE & ?AT WE C\LD HAVE WON1 BUT WE DIDN'T GIVE !M AMMUNITION4 ,:AT >E Y\ COMPLA9+ AB\T80 .<#b#e.> ,?AT WAS ! FATE ( ! WORK]S REBELLION NATIONALLY4 ,H[ DID IT UNFOLD 9 ,LEON8 ,! /RIKE WAS AS UNANIM\S !RE AS 9 ! RE/ ( ,SPA9 & ! MO/ REBELLI\S Y\? W]E MOBILIZ$1 9CLUD+ ,BU5AV5TURA4 ,?IS H&FUL ( Y\NG/]S P>TICIPAT$ ACTIVELY 9 ! REVOLT &1 :5 ! /RIKE WAS OV]1 TRI$ TO SUPPORT ! ,A/URIAN M9]S :O1 AS JU/ NOT$1 EXT5D$ IT = EIEH\SE4 ,LEON'S ,SOCIALI/ LEAD]S HURRI$ TO RESC9D ! /RIKE ORD] :5 !Y SAW ! DIRECTION ?AT IT HAD TAK5 & ?AT ! WORK]S HAD ESCAP$ !IR CONTROL1 AL?\< NOT )\T FIR/ PUBLICLY D5\NC+ ! SABOTAGE 7?US MAK+ IT EASI] = POLICE TO CAPTURE ITS P]PETRATORS74 ,CLA%ES ) ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D W]E FREQU5T &1 ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS1 /RIK]S GREET$ POLICE ) /ONES AT ! GATES ( ! RAILWAY WORK%OPS4 ,FEW C\LD /OMA* ! UNION'S ORD] TO RETURN TO WORK1 KN[+ ?AT !IR FELL[ COMRADES W]E BE+ MA*9E-GUNN$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,A/URIAS4 ,BUT LITTLE BY LITTLE1 ! /RIKE LO/ 9T5SITY & ! WORKPLACES BEGAN TO OP]ATE AGA91 AL?\< !RE WAS ONGO+ SABOTAGE ON ! RAIL L9ES & LIFE DID NOT NORMALIZE COMPLETELY UNTIL IT WAS CLE> TO ALL ?AT ! REBELLION HAD 5D$ 9 ,A/URIAS4 ,) NORMALIZATION CAME ! CRACKD[N4 ,! ,RAILROAD ,COMPANY ANN\NC$ ?AT IT WAS COLLECTIVELY SACK+ ITS 5TIRE WORK=CE & ?AT EA* WORK] W\LD HAVE TO REAPPLY 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,?IS SIGNIFI$ ! LOSS ( OLD UNION RIT1 ! ,RAILROAD ,WORK]S' ,UNION COMPLET$ ! ABUSE BY EXPELL+ ! Y\?1 :O HAD MADE UP ! CORE ( ! RESI/ANCE4 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI WAS AT ! TOP ( !IR LI/4 ,9 ! /ATEM5T JU/IFY+ !IR DECISION--MADE UNILAT]ALLY BY ! LEAD]%IP C\NCIL--!Y SAID3 0IT IS A QUE/ION ( A PACIFIC /RIKE 9 :I* ! WORK+ CLASS %[S ITS /R5G? TO ! B\RGEOISIE 9 A DISCIPL9$ WAY4 ,! ACTIONS UND]TAK5 BY !SE Y\NG PEOPLE GO AGA9/ UNION PRACTICES & !Y >E CONSEQU5TLY EXPELL$ = 9DISCIPL9E40 .<#b#f.> ,! Y\? W]E UNABLE TO DEF5D !MSELVES & ! ,UNION EV5 HELP$ POLICE BY ID5TIFY+ !M AS ! P]PETRATORS ( ! SABOTAGE4 ,UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 !Y HAD TWO *OICES3 EI!R GO TO PRISON OR LEAVE ! CITY & HOPE = BETT] TIMES4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/