,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #aa 
,GU]RILLAS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I4 ,GU]RILLAS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 

  

,! /OPOV] 9 ,NEW ,YORK WAS BRIEF2 ONLY LONG 5\< TO /OCK UP = ! TRIP TO ,CUBA4 ,AL?\< ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI W]E HEAD+ TO ,>G5T9A1 !Y DECID$ TO SP5D SOME TIME 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN ISL& ONCE !Y SET FOOT 9 ,HAVANA4 ,!Y W5T TO ! HOME ( A Y\NG MAN BY ! NAME ( ,J4,A41 A ,SPANI% EMIGRE :O SUPPORT$ LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & :OSE ADDRESS !Y HAD RECEIV$ FROM ,RIC>DO ,SANZ4 ,J4,A4 WAS AS Y\NG AS HIS TWO VISITORS1 BUT DIDN'T %>E !IR FAI? 9 REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE4 ,HE C\LD BE DESCRIB$ AS AN EVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/4 

,J4,A4 RECEIV$ ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO FRAT]NALLY & OP5$ HIS HOME TO !M1 BUT !Y SOON QU>REL$ OV] ! QUE/ION ( /RATEGY4 ,J4,A41 LIKE ! O!R ,SPANI% AN>*I/S LIV+ 9 ,CUBA1 ?\<T ?AT ! AN>*I/'S TASK WAS $UCATIONAL & ?AT IT WAS FUTILE TO TRY TO CUT %ORT ! J\RNEY TO A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY1 P>TICUL>LY GIV5 ! LACK ( $UCATION AMONG ! C\NTRY'S POOR /RATA4 ,:ILE ! MIS]Y & DESP]ATION REIGN+ AMONG !M MI<T PROVOKE EXPLOSIONS ( RAGE1 SU* IRRUPTIONS C\LD NOT GO FUR!R DUE TO ! PROLET>IAT'S LACK ( !ORETICAL MATURITY4 ,PROPAG&A1 ,J4,A4 TOLD ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO1 WAS :AT MATT]$ MO/3 SPREAD+ AN>*I/ !ORY TO MAKE AN>*I/ IDEAS P5ETRATE ! WORK]S' M9DS4 

0,Y\R UND]TAK+ IS DOOM$ TO FAILURE10 HE SAID4 0,! ,SPANI% & ,CUBAN WORK]S WILL GIVE Y\ SOME PESOS BUT NO?+ MORE1 DESPITE ! T]RIBLE CONDITIONS 9 :I* !Y LIVE4 ,DON'T EXPECT ANY?+ ELSE4 ,& IF Y\ DO TRY TO /IR ?+S UP1 Y\'LL EI!R BE EXPELL$ FROM ! C\NTRY OR ?R[N 9 PRISON1 FROM :I* IT'S V]Y DIFFICULT TO LEAVE 9 ,CUBA UNLESS IT'S FEET FIR/40 .<#a#d#g.> 

,AT ! TIME1 ,G]>DO ,MA*ADO GOV]N$ ,CUBA--A TYRANT :O KEPT HIMSELF 9 P[] ?R\< FE>1 LIKE ALL ?OSE ( HIS ILK4 ,SUP]FICIALLY1 ! C\NTRY SEEM$ SOME:AT PROSP]\S1 BUT ?IS ONLY CONCEAL$ ! DOM9ATION ( ,YANKEE CAPITAL 9 ! C\NTRY & ! CITY4 ,IT WAS 5\< TO VISIT ! TAV]NS & WORK]S' NEI<BORHOODS TO BE SEE ! MORAL & PHYSICAL MIS]Y ( ! POPULACE4 ,PRO/ITUTION WAS UBIQUIT\S & EV5 5C\RAG$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 

,PROPAG&A IS NECESS>Y--,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI SAID--BUT !ORY IS A DEAD LETT] IF NOT ACCOMPANI$ BY ACTION4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE :5 !RE >E SO MANY ILLIT]ATES1 :O >E PRECISELY ?OSE ?AT PROPAG&A IS SUPPOS$ TO 9FLU5CE4 ,&1 FUR!RMORE1 IF PROPAG&A IS NOT BACK$ UP BY AN ORGANIZATION1 !N ! MOVEM5T'S PRESS & MAGAZ9ES >E AT ! M]CY ( ! AU?ORITIES3 !Y'RE %UT D[N & DE/ROY$1 !IR $ITORS IMPRISON$4 ,! PESSIMISM AMONG AN>*I/S 9 ,CUBA1 OR AT LEA/ ?OSE ) :OM ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO 9T]ACT$1 DID NOT DET] !M4 ,:Y %\LD ,CUBA BE DIFF]5T FROM ,>G5T9A1 ,URUGUAY1 ,*ILI1 ,MEXICO1 OR O!R C\NTRIES ) L>GE & DYNAMIC AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS8 ,&1 BESIDES1 ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE HAD VICTORI\SLY F\<T AGA9/ ,SPA9 = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE3 DID !Y DO SO SIMPLY TO BE DOM9AT$ BY ! DOLL>8 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAD SUNK ITS TALONS 9TO ! C\NTRY DIDN'T DIM9I% ! M]IT ( ! ,CUBAN ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLE1 BUT AN>*I/S HAD TO %[ ?AT POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE NE$$ TO BE COMPLEM5T$ BY ECONOMIC 9DEP5D5CE1 :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE TO A*IEVE ) B\RGEOIS POLITICS4 ,POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE HADN'T RESOLV$ ANY?+3 ! SAME ECONOMIC /RUCTURES & ! SAME RUL+ CLASS FROM ! COLONIAL P]IOD REMA9$4 ,NO !ORY WAS MORE RELEVANT ?AN AN>*ISM = D5\NC+ ! B\RGEOISIE'S FALSE SOLUTIONS1 :ILE ALSO PO9T+ T[>D ! MO/ DIRECT PA? TO REAL HUMAN LIB]ATION4 ,BUT AN>*ISM'S CRITICAL MESSAGE--SAID ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO--MU/ NOT BE 5CLOS$ 9 A SMALL CIRCLE ( TRUE BELIEV]S4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE TO TAKE TO ! /REET1 ACTIVELY PROMOTE !IR IDEAS1 & MIX ) ! URBAN & RURAL WORK]S4 ,! WRITT5 WORD MU/ BECOME PRACTICAL ACTION4 

,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO BECAME PORT WORK]S4 ,!Y LOAD$ & UNLOAD$ ! %IPS1 SOCIALIZ$ 9 ! TAV]NS1 & LIV$ ALONGSIDE !IR WORKMATES 9 ! HOVELS ?AT S]V$ AS HOMES4 ,!IR FELL[ WORK]S SOON APPRECIAT$ ! TWO ,SPANI>DS2 P>TICUL>LY ,DURRUTI1 ?ANKS TO HIS BRAWN & READ9ESS TO L5D A H& TO ! WEAKE/4 ,%>+ !SE WORK & LIFE EXP]I5CES EXPOS$ !M TO ! PROLET>IANS' MIS]IES & HUMILIATIONS & ALSO TO !IR DISAPPO9TM5TS 9 ALL ! SO-CALL$ LEAD]S ?AT URG$ !M TO ACT BUT LEFT !M 9 ! LUR* :5 IT C\NT$ MO/4 ,FATALI/ICALLY1 ! WORK]S EXPECT$ NO?+ BUT 5DLESS TOIL & !N DEA?1 ! ONLY REM$Y = !IR MIS]Y4 ,9DE$1 SUP]/ITION & FATALISM W]E ! TWO PRIM>Y OB/ACLES TO ANY DISCUSSION AB\T ABOLI%+ !IR PHYSICAL & MORAL SUFF]+4 ,TALK ( ORGANIZATION1 ( UNIONIZATION1 ( =M+ GR\PS1 ONLY 9VOK$ ! MEMORY ( A LEAD] ?AT HAD DECEIV$ !M OR ! IMAGE ( BE+ DRAGG$ (F TO PRISON 9 H&CUFFS2 TO ONE ( ?OSE PRISONS FROM :I* Y\ ONLY LEAVE 0FEET FIR/40 

,BUT NEI!R ,ASCASO NOR ,DURRUTI LET !MSELVES BE OV]COME BY ! PREVAIL+ DISC\RAGEM5T & FELT DUTY B\ND TO CONV9CE !IR FELL[ WORK]S ?AT !Y W]E RI<T TO RESPOND 9 SU* A WAY TO ! LEAD]S & PRISON &1 PRECISELY TO AVOID BE+ TRICK$ OR 9C>C]AT$1 !Y %\LD NEI!R 5TRU/ !MSELVES TO POLITICIANS NOR REBEL 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,:5 A 0PR(ESSIONAL0 LEADS ! UNION1 HE'LL 9EVITABLY BETRAY ! RANK & FILE4 ,LIKEWISE1 :5 A WORK] RESPONDS 9 ISOLATION HE IS IMPRISON$ OR BEAT5 TO A PULP4 ,IT IS ! WORK]S ALONE :O %\LD MAKE UP ! UNION & !Y MU/ NOT ADMIT ANYONE UNFAMILI> ) ! DIRECT EFFECTS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,& IT IS PO9TLESS TO REBEL 9DIVIDUALLY3 ! REVOLT HAS TO BE COLLECTIVE4 ,IF ! UNION IS Y\--,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI >GU$--& Y\ >E ALL P]PETUALLY VIGILANT & EXPEL ?OSE :O TRY TO IMPOSE !MSELVES UPON Y\1 !N Y\ WILL PREV5T ! EM]G5CE ( NEW LEAD]S4 ,IF Y\ /AY UNIT$ & 9SI/ ON Y\R DEM&S1 ,MA*ADO WON'T HAVE 5\< POLICE TO BEAT Y\ OR 5\< CELLS 9 :I* TO JAIL Y\4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 ) SIMPLE LANGUAGE1 A CLE> /ANCE1 & IDEAS LIKE 0Y\ HAVE TO LEAD Y\R /RUGGLES Y\RSELVES1 )\T BOSSES OR LEAD]S10 ! IDEA ( ORGANIZATION TOOK HOLD AMONG ! PORT WORK]S4 ,IT WAS CONCRETIZ$ 9 AN ORGANIZATION ?AT F$]AT$ ) O!R ASSOCIATIONS ALREADY OP]AT+ AMONG TOBACCO & FOOD 9DU/RY WORK]S4 

,DURRUTI REVEAL$ HIMSELF TO BE A TAL5T$ MASS AGITATOR AT ! MEET+S & ASSEMBLIES4 ,HE US$ SIMPLE BUT DEVA/AT+ LANGUAGE & HIS SPEE*ES W]E MORE LIKE AX BL[S ?AN ORATORY4 ,HE HAD A UNIQUE ABILITY TO IMM$IATELY >\SE ! 9T]E/ ( HIS LI/5]S & SU/A9 A /RONG BOND ) !M ?R\<\T HIS TALK4 

,DURRUTI />T$ TO MAKE A NAME = HIMSELF1 NOT ONLY AMONG WORK]S BUT ALSO ! POLICE4 ,HE WAS SOON AT RISK ( BE+ >RE/$ & ?US HE & ,ASCASO DECID$ TO DISAPPE> FROM ,HAVANA4 ,!Y LEFT ! CITY 9 ! COMPANY ( A Y\NG ,CUBAN :O W\LD GUIDE ?R\< ! ISL&'S 9T]IOR4 ,!Y >RIV$ 9 ! ,SANTA ,CL>A DI/RICT & />T$ WORK+ AS CANE CUTT]S ON AN E/ATE BETWE5 ,CRUCE & ,PALMIRA4 ,A SIT-D[N /RIKE ]UPT$ !RE A FEW DAYS LAT]1 :5 ! PLANTATION [N] R$UC$ ! CANE CUTT]S' SAL>Y UND] ! PRETEXT ( A DROP 9 ! PRICE ( SUG>4 ,=EM5 QUICKLY REPORT$ ! WORK /OPPAGE TO ! [N]1 :O ORD]$ EV]YONE TO GA!R 9 AN OP5 >EA 9 FRONT ( ! E/ATE H\SE4 ,! =EM5 CIRCL$ >\ND ! ASSEMBL$ WORK]S ON HORSEBACK4 ,! [N] REPROA*$ ! CUTT]S = LETT+ !MSELVES BE C>RI$ AWAY BY C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS1 :OSE ID5TITIES HE KNEW V]Y WELL4 ,HE !N NAM$ ! ?REE M5 ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 HAD 9/IGAT$ & ORGANIZ$ ! REVOLT4 ,! =EM5 SEIZ$ ! ?REE SUPPOS$ R+LEAD]S & DRAGG$ !M (F TO ! CLOSE/ RURAL POLICE PO/4 ,! POLICE APPE>$ AN H\R LAT] ) ! ?REE LABOR]S1 :O HAD BE5 BEAT5 SO VICI\SLY ?AT !Y FELL LIFELESSLY AT !IR COMRADES' FEET4 0,DOES ANYONE ELSE WANTS TO COMPLA980 ! EMPLOY] BELL[$4 0,! TIME Y\'VE WA/$ WILL BE D$UCT$ FROM Y\R PAY4 ,HURRY UP1 GET TO WORK60 ,HIS ORD]S RANG \T LIKE ! CRACK ( A :IP4 ,) L[]$ HEADS1 ! WORK]S RETURN$ TO ! SUG>CANE FIELDS1 FOLL[$ CLOSELY BY ! RURAL POLICE4 

,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E AMONG ?OSE B[$ LABOR]S4 ,:ILE CUTT+ CANE & MORE CANE1 !Y SPOKE ) !IR ,CUBAN COMRADE & ! ?REE DECID$ ?AT !Y %\LD TEA* ! EMPLOY] A LESSON1 ONE ?AT W\LD S]VE AS AN EXAMPLE TO HIS COLLEAGUES4 

,! EMPLOY] WAS F\ND /ABB$ TO DEA? ! NEXT MORN+ ) A NOTE READ+3 0,! JU/ICE ( ,LOS ,]RANTES .<TRANS43 ,! ,W&]]S.>40 ,! POLICE1 :O W]E WAIT+ = SU* AN 9CID5T1 TOOK (F 9 PURSUIT ( ! 0EXECUTION]S40 ,BUT1 E>LY-RIS]S ?AT !Y W]E1 !Y W]E ALREADY 9 ! ,CAMAGUEY PROV9CE BY !N4 

,NEWS ( ! MURD] SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE & 9FLAT$ AS IT CIRCULAT$4 ,ULTIMATELY ! RUMOR WAS ?AT 0A GANG ( ,SPANI>DS CALL$ ,LOS ,]RANTES HAD EXECUT$ A HALF DOZ5 EMPLOY]S BECAUSE !Y MI/REAT$ !IR EMPLOYES40 ,GIV+ *ASE TO ! 0ASSASS9S0 WAS A MATT] ( PRIDE = ! 0RURALES40 ,BY EXECUT+ ?IS RAID 9 A V]Y PUBLIC FA%ION1 !Y HOP$ TO SC>E (F ANYONE :O MI<T CONSID] IMITAT+ !M4 ,!Y /RUCK \T BL9DLY 9 !IR SE>* & BEAT SOME PEASANTS & BURN$ D[N !IR %ACKS UND] ! PRET5SE ?AT !Y HAD HID ,LOS ,]RANTES4 

,IT DROVE ! RURAL POLICE CRAZY ?AT !Y C\LDN'T F9D ON ! P]PETRATORS4 ,!IR FRU/RATION ONLY 9CREAS$ :5 !Y LE>N$ ?AT ! CORPSE ( A BULLY+ =EMAN 9 ! ,JOLQU9 DI/RICT HAD JU/ BE5 F\ND ) A COMMUNIQUE 9DICAT+ ?AT ,LOS ,]RANTES W]E RESPONSIBLE = HIS DEA?4 ,?IS NEW ATTACK 5D$ UP CONFUS+ ! 0RURALES0 AB\T ! LOCATION ( !IR CULPRITS & FILL$ ! EMPLOY]S ) SU* FE> ?AT !Y =TIFI$ !MSELVES 9 !IR PALACES ) EXCESSIVE DI/RU/ & SUSPICION4 .<#a#d#h.> 

,:ILE ! AU?ORITIES S\<T ,LOS ,]RANTES 9 ! ISL&'S 9T]IOR1 !Y HAD ALREADY REA*$ ,HAVANA1 ) ! 9T5TION ( ESCAP+ ! DANG]\S SITUATION RI<T AWAY4 ,WE KN[ H[ !Y W]E ABLE TO DISAPPO9T ,MA*ADO'S POLICE ?ANKS TO A WITNESS'S ACC\NT3  
  

,SEE+ ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE /AY 9 ,CUBA ANY LONG]1 !Y DECID$ TO GO TO ,MEXICO4 ,!Y R5T$ A SMALL CUTT] TO F]RY !M \TSIDE ! PORT &1 ONCE !Y W]E CLEAV+ ! BAY1 DEM&$ ?AT ! BOATM5 TAKE !M ONBO>D ANY ( ! %IPS RIGG$ TO SET SAIL4 

,! FRI<T5$ BOATM5 TOOK !M TO ONE ( ! FI%+ %IPS4 ,!Y BO>D$ & !N =C$ ! SKIPP] TO RAISE ! AN*OR1 :ILE TAK+ ! TWO SKIPP]S ( ! CUTT] ) !M4 

,ONCE !Y W]E AT HI< SEA1 ) PI/OLS 9 H&1 !Y DEM&$ ?AT ! FI%+ BOAT'S SKIPP] HEAD TO ,MEXICO4 

,!Y SAIL$ TO ! ,YUCATAN COA/1 :]E !Y DISEMB>K$ AFT] LAVI%LY REW>D+ ! ,CUBAN SAILORS4 

,DISEMB>K+ WAS NOT EASY4 ,TWO OR ?REE DETECTIVES FROM ! ,MEXICAN ,TREASURY NOTIC$ !IR >RIVAL &1 ?9K+ ?AT !Y W]E SMUGGL]S1 DECID$ TO TAKE !M TO ! ,PROGRESSO PORT & H& !M OV] TO POLICE4 

,:ILE WALK+1 ,DURRUTI (F]$ A C]TA9 SUM 9 EX*ANGE = FRE$OM4444 

,! ,TREASURY AG5TS W]E MORE 9T]E/$ 9 ! MONEY ?AN DELIV]+ !IR SUSPECTS4 ,) DIRECTIONS PROVID$ BY ! GOV]NM5T AG5TS !MSELVES1 \R FRI5DS >RIV$ 9 ,M]IDA & FROM !RE W5T TO ,PROGRESO1 :]E !Y SET (F = ,V]ACRUZ4.<#a#d#i.>  
  

,A ,MEXICAN AN>*I/ NAM$ ,M9O WAS WAIT+ = !M 9 ! PORT ( ,V]ACRUZ1 :I* 9DICATES ?AT ,DURRUTI OR ,ASCASO HAD WRITT5 ,MEXICAN COMRADES & TOLD !M ?AT !Y W]E COM+4 ,M9O BR\<T !M TO ,RAFAEL ,QU9T]O'S H\SE 9 ! ,MEXICAN CAPITAL4 ,HE WAS A LEAD] ( ! ,MEXICAN ,CONF$]ACION ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES 7,C,G,T7 .<#a#e.> & HAD F\<T 9 ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION ALONGSIDE ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA4 ,HE ALSO HAD A PR9T %OP AT #ac ,MIRALLE ,PLAZA1 :]E HE PUT !M UP AT FIR/4 .<#a#e#a.> 

,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 ,QU9T]O TOOK !M TO ! ,C,G,T'S (FICE AT #c ,VIZCA9AS ,PLAZA4 ,ECONOMIC PROBLEMS HAMP]+ ! ,C,G,T'S PUBLICATION W]E ! TOPIC ( DISCUSSION AT ! MEET+ HELD ON ! NI<T ( !IR VISIT4 ,)\T SAY+ A WORD1 ,LOS ,]RANTES DONAT$ =TY PESOS TO ! NEWSPAP]4 .<#a#e#b.> 

,! MEET+ WAS DEPRESS+ = ! TWO ,]RANTES1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! F9ANCIAL H>D%IPS SUFF]$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( ITS LACK ( DYNAMISM4 ,IT WAS CLE>LY LIV+ (F ! LEGACY ( ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION1 :I* WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN A MEMORY BY !N4 ,! BE/ HAD DI$ & ! SURVIVORS HAD ACCOMMODAT$ !MSELVES TO ! NEW SITUATION4 ,SOME EV5 JO9$ ! NEW 0REVOLUTION>Y P[]10 :I* REW>D$ !M ) GOV]NM5TAL APPO9TM5TS4 ,?IS IS H[1 = EXAMPLE1 SOME EX-AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S BECAME GOV]NORS4 ,IT WAS ONLY ! OLD COMRADES ( ,FLORES ,MAGON1 :O DI$ 9 A ,YANKEE PRISON ?REE YE>S E>LI]1 :O REALLY KEPT ! SPIRIT ( AN>*ISM ALIVE4 ,!Y HADN'T =GOTT5 ! PR9CIPLE ?AT 0REVOLUTION & LAW CAN'T COHABITATE2 ! TRUE REVOLUTION IS ALWAYS ILLEGAL10 TO CITE A PO/HUM\SLY PUBLI%$ ESSAY BY ,FLORES ,MAGON4 .<#a#e#c.> ,! MILITANTS :O C>RI$ ON ,MAGON'S WORK W]E ?OSE P]SECUT$ BY ALL GOV]NM5TS1 & IT WAS AMONG !M ?AT ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO F\ND H\S+ & SUPPORT4 

,!Y /AY$ 9 ,RAFAEL ,QU9T]O'S PR9T %OP = SEV]AL WEEKS1 :ILE !Y WAIT$ = ,ALEJ&RO ,ASCASO & ,GREGORIO ,JOV]'S >RIVAL 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 LATE ,M>* #a#i#b#e4 ,:5 ! F\R REUNIT$1 !Y DECID$ ?AT IT W\LD BE BE/ TO LEAVE ! CITY4 ,QU9T]O SUGGE/$ ?AT !Y TAKE UP RESID5CE 9 A SMALL F>M 9 ,TICOMAN4 ,ROMAN ,DELGADO1 :O [N$ ! PROP]TY1 WELCOM$ ! F\R ,SPANI>DS & 9TRODUC$ !M TO ! LOCAL AN>*I/ GR\P1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,NICOLAS ,B]NAL1 ! A=EM5TION$ ,DELGADO1 ,H]M9IA ,CORTES1 & O!RS4 .<#a#e#d.> 

,9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#e1 !RE WAS A ROBB]Y AT ! (FICE ( A ?READ & FABRIC FACTORY CALL$ 0,LA ,C>OL9A40 ,NOT LONG AFT] ?IS OCCURR$1 ALL ! WITNESSES ?AT WE HAVE CONSULT$ AFFIRM ?AT A L>GE SUM ( MONEY WAS DELIV]$ TO ! ,C,G,T4 ,! DONATION WAS MADE 9 SUPPORT ( ITS PUBLICATION & ALSO ITS EF=TS TO />T A ,RATIONALI/ ,S*OOL LIKE ?OSE ?AT ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] Y ,GU>DIA CREAT$ 9 ,SPA9 9 #a#i#a4  
  

,SEV]AL WEEKS HAD PASS$ & WE HADN'T HE>D ANY?+ FROM !M4 ,!N SUDD5LY !Y %[$ UP \T ( NO:]E1 ELEGANTLY DRESS$ & DRIV+ AN OLD] ,BUICK4 ,DURRUTI ASK$3 0,HAS ! NEWSPAP] COME \T80 ,:5 HE WAS TOLD YES1 HE WANT$ TO READ ! PUBLI%$ ISSUES4 0,>E !RE /ILL F9ANCIAL PROBLEMS80 0,( C\RSE !RE >E60 ,DURRUTI RESPOND$ BY H&+ OV] A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( CA%4 ,:5 HE DID SO1 ,DURRUTI NOT$ ?AT HE WAS LOOK$ UPON ) SOME SUSPICION &1 TO DISPEL ANY D\BTS AMONG ! ,MEXICAN COMRADES1 HE %[$ A LETT] FROM ,SEBA/IAN ,FAURE ?AT HE WAS C>RY+ 9 HIS POCKET ACKN[L$G+ ! RECEIPT ( L>GE QUANTITY DE/9$ = ! SOCIAL LIBR>Y4.<#a#e#e.>  
  

,ANO!R WITNESS WRITES ! FOLL[+ AB\T ?IS P]IOD ( ,DURRUTI'S HAZ>D\S LIFE3  
  

,IT WAS A SURPRISE4 ,HE 9VIT$ ME TO LUN*1 BUT NOT )\T FIR/ ASK+ ME TO DRESS 9 MY F9E/ SUIT1 S9CE WE W]E GO+ TO ONE ( ! BE/ RE/AURANTS 9 ! PORT4 ,I REFUS$ 9ITIALLY1 NOT BECAUSE ,I HAD QUALMS1 BUT SIMPLY \T ( AN AV]SION TO ANY?+ ?AT W5T AGA9/ MY LIFE & ?\<T AS A MILITANT4 ,HE 9SI/$1 SAY+ ?AT IT WAS IMP]ATIVE ?AT ,I JO9 HIM4 ,HE HAD TO TALK ) ME & C\LDN'T 9VITE ME TO A MODE/ RE/AURANT BECAUSE HE HAD COME TO ,TAMPICO DISGUIS$ AS A WEAL?Y MAN4 ,I WAS 9TRIGU$ & F9ALLY ACCEPT$4 ,:Y NOT8 ,I WAS CURI\S & ALSO EAG] TO SAVOR DI%ES ?AT ,I HADN'T TA/$ = A LONG TIME4 ,:5 WE F9I%$ EAT+1 ,DURRUTI TOLD ME3 0,:AT W\LD Y\ ?9K IF WE HAD ?\S&S ( PESOS TO />T A HUNDR$ S*OOLS LIKE ! ONE F\ND$ BY ! ,PETROLEUM ,UNION80 

0,?AT'S A DREAM1 ,MIGUEL10 ,I SAID4 7,MIGUEL WAS ! NAME ?AT ,DURRUTI US$ AT ! TIME47 

0,WELL1 IT'S NOT A FANTASY4 ,I MI<T BE ABLE TO H&OV] #a1 PESOS TO Y\R CONF$]ATION40 

,DURRUTI WAS V]Y FOND ( *ILDR51 :I* IS :Y HE RISK$ HIS LIFE ROBB+ BANKS TO SUPPORT !IR $UCATION4 ,:5 WE SAID GOODBYE1 HE TOLD ME3 

0,LOOK1 ,I KN[ ?AT Y\'RE M5 & ?AT Y\'RE EV]Y?+ = Y\R IDEALS4 ,BUT WE ,]RANTES WORK 9 SIL5CE & WAG] ALL TO S]VE \R CONVICTIONS4 

,Y\ DO ?+S DIFF]5TLY3 Y\ FI<T AGA9/ ! /ATE LEGALLY1 WE *ALL5GE IT ILLEGALLY40.<#a#e#f.>  
  

,& WE TAKE ?IS /ATEM5T FROM ,V5EZUELA'S ,RUTA MAGAZ9E3  
  

,OLD ,MEXICAN COMRADES /ILL REMEMB] ,DURRUTI'S PASSAGE ?R\< ! ,AZTEC CAPITAL4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! MO/ F]V5T PROMOT]S ( ! ,MEXICAN ,C,G,T1 L$ BY ,JAC9TO ,HUITRON1 ,RAFAEL ,QU9T]O1 & AN ADDITIONAL H&FUL ( LIB]T>IANS AT ?AT TIME4 ,HE WAS ALSO NATURALLY MODE/ & HAD A PURE LOVE ( ! IDEOLOGY4  
  

,AFT] DESCRIB+ ! S]I\S F9ANCIAL OB/ACLES FAC$ BY ! ,C,G,T AS IT TRI$ TO SET UP A RATIONALI/ S*OOL1 COLUMNI/ ,VICTOR ,G>CIA WROTE3  
  

,DURRUTI HAD ! VIRTUE ( GRASP+ PROBLEMS QUICKLY1 (T5 9TUITIVELY1 & UND]/OOD ! M9DSET ( !SE WELL-MEAN+ COMRADES4 ,9 A CONFID5TIAL CONV]SATION ) ! ,C,G,T ,C\NCIL1 HE REQUE/$ ?AT !Y P]MIT HIM TO SOLVE !IR ECONOMIC PROBLEM4 ,:5 ASK$ :AT HE HAD 9 M9D1 HE SAID ?AT HE W\LD EXPLA9 ?AT LAT]4 ,TWO DAYS AFT]W>DS1 ,DURRUTI H&$ OV] A L>GE SUM ( MONEY TO ! ,S*OOL ,COMMITTEE & TOLD !M3 0,I TOOK ?IS MONEY FROM ! B\RGEOISIE444 ,( C\RSE !Y W\LDN'T HAVE GIV5 IT TO ME IF ,I'D JU/ ASK$60 ,! FOLL[+ DAY NEWSPAP]S 9 ! ,MEXICAN CAPITAL PUBLI%$ A LONG >TICLE ON ! ROBB]Y ( ! 0,LA ,C>OL9A0 FACTORY & REPORT$ ! EXACT SUM /OL54 ,?AT WAS ! AM\NT1 )\T A C5TAVO LESS1 ?AT ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI HAD H&$ OV] TO ! MILITANTS PUTT+ TOGE!R ! ,RATIONALI/ ,S*OOL4.<#a#e#g.>  
  

,( C\RSE ?+S DON'T ALWAYS GO SMOO?LY :5 MONEY IS RAIS$ 9 SU* A WAY4 ,9 ! CASE ( 0,LA ,C>OL9A10 ! CA%I] GRABB$ ! TELEPHONE TO CALL ! POLICE DUR+ ! HOLDUP1 !RE WAS A /RUGGLE1 & A %OT WAS FIR$ ?AT KILL$ ! EMPLOYEE4 ,?IS1 & ! FACT ?AT SEV]AL O!R ROBB]IES & ATTEMPT$ ROBB]IES HAD ALREADY OCCURR$1 MADE LIFE V]Y RISKY = ,LOS ,]RANTES4 ,!Y DECID$ ?AT IT W\LD BE BE/ TO LEAVE ,MEXICO AT ONCE4 ,IT WAS NOT = FE> ( POLICE RAIDS2 !SE FOCUS$ ON POOR NEI<BORHOODS1 :]EAS ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E /AY+ 9 A LUXURY HOTEL 7UND] ! NAME ( 0,M5DOZA0--AN 0[N] ( M9ES 9 ,P]U0--& HIS COMPANION74 ,NONE!LESS1 0ONE DAY1 ) ONLY A FEW BAGS1 FALSE PASSPORTS1 & NOT TOO MANY PESOS 9 !IR POCKETS1 !Y LEFT ! HOTEL & BEGAN ! J\RNEY BACK TO ,CUBA4 ,!Y LEFT ',M5DOZA' ! RESPONSIBILITY ( SETTL+ ! BILL40 .<#a#e#h.> 

,IT WAS ,MAY #aibe & ! F\R ,SPANI>DS W]E EVID5TLY 9 DESP]ATE /RAITS S9CE1 ACCORD+ TO ,ATANASIA ,ROJAS1 0!Y HAD BE5 =C$ TO SELL V>I\S ?+S1 9CLUD+ ! C>1 TO F9ANCE ! TRIP TO ,CUBA40 ,NATURALLY1 GIV5 !IR PREVI\S ACTIVITIES !RE1 ,CUBA WAS NOT EV5 REMOTELY SECURE = ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO1 & SO !Y /AY$ ON ! ISL& ONLY LONG 5\< TO HOLD UP ,HAVANA'S ,BANCO DE ,COM]CIO4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS1 !Y TOOK (F = ,VALP>AISO1 ,*ILI ON ! ,ORIANA /EAM]4 ,!Y PLANN$ TO MEET ,VICTOR ,RECOBA & ,ANTONIO ,RODRIGUEZ 9 ,*ILI1 BUT C\LD NOT1 BECAUSE ! LATT] TWO W]E NOT 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,A ,FR5* JOCKEY WAS ALSO ONBO>D ! %IP ?AT TOOK !M FROM ,HAVANA TO ,VALP>AISO1 :O ?\<T ! ,SPANI>DS W]E HEAD+ TO ,*ILI ON BUS9ESS4 ,WE NOTE ! PRES5CE ( ?IS 9DIVIDUAL BECAUSE HE WILL BE ! ,*ILEAN POLICE'S PRIM>Y S\RCE ( 9=MATION1 AFT] ! EV5TS ?AT WE >E GO+ TO RELATE4 ,! ,ORIANA >RIV$ 9 ,VALP>AISO ON ,JUNE #i1 #aibe & ON ,JULY #af ! ,MATAD]OS BRAN* ( ! ,BANK ( ,*ILI WAS HELD UP4 ,WE CAN SEE TRACES ( ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI 9 A ,*ILEAN POLICE REPORT3 0,!Y WORK$ AT ODD JOBS UNTIL ! BANK ROBB]Y & CONT9U$ WORK+ AFT]W>DS1 FROM ,JULY #af TO E>LY ,AUGU/4 ,! [N] ( ! ROOM+ H\SE :]E !Y /AY$ DESCRIB$ !M AS FIVE1 WELL-MANN]$ M5 :O SPOKE CONT9U\SLY AB\T SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 CALL+ !MSELVES REVOLUTION>Y ,SPANI>DS & SAY+ ?AT !Y W]E TRAVEL+ ! ,AM]ICAS 9 SE>* ( MONEY TO F9ANCE ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,SPANI% MON>*Y40 .<#a#e#i.> 

,ACCORD+ TO ,*ILEAN POLICE1 #d#f1#i#b#c ,*ILEAN PESOS W]E /OL5 FROM ! ,BANK ( ,*ILI DUR+ ! ,JULY ROBB]Y4 ,!Y REPORT3 0,AFT] SEIZ+ ! MONEY1 ! UNKN[N ASSAILANTS FL$ 9 AN AUTOMOBILE AT A HI< SPE$1 %OOT+ 9 ! AIR & CREAT+ IMM5SE CONFUSION 9 ?AT D5SELY POPULAT$ >EA4 

,A BANK EMPLOYEE GRABB$ ONTO ! C> :ILE IT WAS TE>+ \T4 ,ONE ( ! ?IEVES %\T$ AT HIM1 TELL+ HIM TO LET GO1 BUT ! EMPLOYEE DIDN'T GIVE UP4 

,HE GOT HIM (F ) A %OT40 

,DURRUTI1 ,FRANCISCO & ,ALEJ&RO ,ASCASO1 & ,GREGORIO ,JOV] /AY$ 9 ,*ILI4 ,! FIF? MAN IMM$IATELY LEFT = ,SPA9 AFT] ! HOLDUP4 ,:O WAS ! FIF? MAN8 ,ANTONIO ,RODRIGUEZ4 ,9DE$1 IT WAS NONE O!R ?AN 0,EL ,TOTO10 ALSO KN[N AS ,GREGORIO ,M>T9EZ4 ,!Y US$ ! 5TIRETY ( ! #d#f1#i#b#c PESOS TO SUPPORT ! UND]GR\ND /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S DICTATOR%IP4 

,LOS ,]RANTES LEFT = ,BU5OS ,AIRES 9 E>LY ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#e4 ,BE=E CONT9U+ ) \R BIOGRAPHY1 WE MU/ MAKE A BRIEF DET\R 9TO ,>G5T9A'S WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL & ITS AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 P>TICUL>4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #aa -- ,UPDAT$4 

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