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,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C5T] ( ,P>IS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C5T] ( ,P>IS 

  

,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 LATE ,NOVEMB] #aibc FEEL+ DISC\RAG$ AB\T HIS TRIP TO ! ,A/URIAN CAPITAL4 ,AT FIR/ ?+S HAD LOOK$ PROMIS+ :5 HE L&$ 9 ,OVI$O3 A SOLDI] 9 ! REGIM5T GU>D+ ! ,OVI$O PRISON PROMIS$ TO MOBILIZE HIS COMRADES TO HELP BREAK ,TORRES ,ESC>T9 \T4 ,! PLAN'S PIECES SL[LY FELL 9TO PLACE &1 :5 IT WAS NE>LY TIME TO EXECUTE IT1 EV]Y?+ WAS RU9$3 SOLDI]S FROM ANO!R REGIM5T TOOK OV] PRISON SECURITY4 ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS N[ HAD TO WORK TO SECURE ! COLLABORATION ( A :OLE NEW SQUAD ( GU>DS4 ,HE IMM$IATELY BEGAN TO S\ND ?+S \T1 BUT BEGAN TO WORRY :5 ! POLICE QUE/ION$ HIM AB\T HIS ACTIVITIES 9 ,OVI$O4 ,:ILE HE HAD A GOOD ALIBI--DOCUM5TS 9DICAT+ ?AT HE WAS A TRAVEL+ KNITWE> SALESMAN--& ! 9T]ROGATION W5T WELL1 IT SEEM$ CLE> ?AT ! GU>DS HAD NOT BE5 TRANSF]R$ BY ACCID5T4 ,HE LEFT ,OVI$O AT ONCE4 .<#a#c#d.> 

,AL?\< ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS FAIL$ TO ORGANIZE ,TORRES ,ESC>T9'S ESCAPE1 ! ,Z>AGOZA COMRADES W]E SUCCESSFUL & ! JAILBREAK FROM ,PR$ICADORES WAS A COMPLETE TRIUMPH4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ESCAPEES LEFT = ,FRANCE IMM$IATELY4 0,EL ,NEGRO0 WAS AMONG !M--A NATIVE ( ,>AGON ) A LONG POLICE RECORD DUE TO HIS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES 9 ,MADRID--:O HAD CONCEAL$ HIS ID5TITY BY US+ A FALSE NAME :5 AU?ORITIES >RE/$ HIM & ,9OC5CIO ,P9A 9 ,Z>AGOZA4 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO WAS ! MO/ COMPROMIS$ ( ALL4 ,BU5ACASA TRI$ TO CONV9CE HIM TO GO TO ,FRANCE RI<T AWAY1 BUT HE WAS DET]M9$ TO VISIT ,B>CELONA FIR/4 .<#a#c#e.> 

,LOS ,SOLID>IOS HELD AN IMPORTANT MEET+ :5 ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS RETURN$ TO ! ,CATALAN CAPITAL4 ,IT EM]G$ ?AT ,G5]AL ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO1 ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] & MEMB] ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S MILIT>Y JUNTA1 HAD A SPECIAL 9T]E/ 9 CRU%+ :AT HE CALL$ ! 0,DURRUTI GANG0 & HAD S5T SEV]AL ( HIS BE/ M5 TO ,B>CELONA TO ACCOMPLI% ! TASK4 ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO'S ANTIPA?Y T[>D ! GR\P ONLY 9CREAS$ ) ,ASCASO'S ESCAPE4 ,UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI'S LIVES W]E 9 GREAT DANG]4 ,! GR\P DECID$ ?AT ! TWO %\LD GO TO ,P>IS1 :]E !Y W\LD SET UP A REVOLUTION>Y C5T] TO HELP A SIMIL> ONE E/ABLI%$ 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,!Y W\LD ALSO />T A PRESS 9 COLLABORATION ) ! ,FR5* ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/ ,UNION 7,A,C,U7 TO PRODUCE 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,! GR\P GAVE !M A SIGNIFICANT PORTION ( :AT REMA9$ FROM ! ,GIJON ROBB]Y TO C>RY \T !SE MISSIONS4 

,AT ! TIME1 ! ,A,C,U (FICE OCCUPI$ ! GR\ND FLOOR ( A BUILD+ AT #ad ,PETIT ,/REET 9 ,P>IS'S DI/RICT N9ETE54 ,BOOKS ON SALE & ! FRONT PAGE ( ! AN>*I/ WEEKLY ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE W]E DISPLAY$ BEH9D ITS /OREFRONT W9D[4 ,A N>R[ HALLWAY L$ 9TO A ROOM L9$ ) %ELVES1 WEI<T$ D[N ) ,FR5* LANGUAGE AN>*I/ BOOKS & PAMPHLETS4 ,9 ! BACK1 !RE WAS A ROOM US$ = EV]Y?+3 /ORAGE1 $IT+1 RUNN+ ! NEWSPAP]1 & ,A,C,U ADM9I/RATION4 ,! ADM9I/RATOR1 ,SEV]9O ,F]R&EL1 WAS !RE DAILY & ATT5D$ TO TASKS SU* AS BOOK & NEWSPAP] SALES & ALSO RECEIV$ ! VISITORS FROM ,P>IS OR ! PROV9CES ?AT CAME 9 SE>* ( LIT]ATURE OR NEWS4 ,! BOOK/ORE BECAME MORE CR[D$ 9 ! EV5+1 AFT] WORK H\RS4 ,L\IS ,LECO9 WAS ONE ( ! USUAL HO/S4 ,HE WAS BUSY ) ! CAMPAIGN TO /OP ! EXECUTION ( ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI1 TWO ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S :O W\LD ULTIMATELY DIE 9 ! ELECTRIC *AIR 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI W5T TO ! ,PETIT ,/REET BUILD+ AS SOON AS !Y >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS4 ,!Y SPOKE ) ,F]R&EL & HIS Y\NG COMPAN]A1 ,B]! ,FAV]T1 EXPLA9+ ?AT !Y WANT$ TO TALK ) ! COMRADES RESPONSIBLE = ,A,C,U ORGANIZATIONAL MATT]S4 ,F]R&EL BR\<T !M TO ! BACK ROOM1 :]E ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO MET SEV]AL ( !SE MILITANTS4 ,!Y \TL9$ !IR PLAN AFT] ! BRIEF 9TRODUCTIONS4 ,! ,A,C,U M5 RESPOND$ ) 9T]E/ BUT ALSO SOME SKEPTICISM4 ,PLANS8 ,AN>*I/S HAVE PL5TY ( PLANS1 :AT !Y LACK IS ! MONEY TO C>RY !M \T4 ,:5 ! ,SPANI>DS ANN\NC$ ?AT !Y W]E ABLE TO CONTRIBUTE A L>GE SUM ( CA% SO ?AT !Y C\LD TAKE ! FIR/ /EPS1 ! DISCUSSION TOOK A NEW TURN & !Y AGRE$ TO HOLD ANO!R MEET+ TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS ( ! PUBLI%+ PROJECT4 ,!Y MET AGA9 SEV]AL DAYS LAT]4 ,SEBA/IAN ,FAURE1 ,VAL]IANO ,OROBON ,F]N&EZ1 & ,VIRGILIO ,GOZZOLI W]E 9 ATT5DANCE4 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO H&$ OV] #e1 FRANCS4 .<#a#c#f.> ,!Y DECID$ TO PUBLI% AN 9T]NATIONAL1 TRI-L+UAL MAGAZ9E 7,FR5*1 ,SPANI%1 & ,ITALIAN71 :I* W\LD M>K ! 9AUGURATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,PRESS4 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,5CYCLOP$IA PLANN$ BY ,SEBA/IAN ,FAURE W\LD BE ! PRESS'S FIR/ BOOK4 ,ONCE ! MEET+ WAS OV] & !Y LEFT ! BUILD+1 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI REFLECT$ ON ! FUTURE4 ,IF !Y W]E V]Y FRUGAL1 !Y HAD 5\< MONEY TO SUPPORT !MSELVES = A MON?1 BUT A MON? GOES BY QUICKLY & SO !Y HAD TO F9D WORK RI<T AWAY4 

,AL?\< IT WAS EASY TO JU/IFY EXP5D+ MONEY /OL5 9 ,GIJON ON ! 0HI/ORIC RIFLES ( ,EIB>0 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,PRESS1 ,SPANI% NEWSPAP]S RAN >TICLES IMPLY+ ?AT !SE TWO SP5T EXTRAVAGANTLY & WA/EFULLY4 ,!SE /ORIES W]E REPEAT$ TIME & AGA91 9CLUD+ 9 ! BOOK ?AT ,POLICE ,CAPTA9 ,$U>DO ,COM9 ,COLOM] WROTE YE>S LAT] AB\T POLICE 0KILL$ 9 ACTION40 ,! CAPTA9 CLAIM$ ?AT3 0,AFT] ALL ! CRIMES C>RI$ \T1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,CRISOL GR\P DI/RIBUT$ FIFTE5 ?\S& PESETAS P] HEAD4 ,LUIS ,MUNOZ1 A NATIVE ( ,9IE/A 7,CU5CA71 S5T HIS 'TAKE' TO HIS FAMILY1 9 ADDITION TO ANO!R TWO ?\S& ?AT HE HAD 'SAV$4' ,?IS 5ABL$ !M TO BUY L&40 .<#a#c#g.> ,COM9 ,COLOM] !N /ATES ?AT ,LUIS ,MUNOZ WAS ONE ( ! P]PETRATORS ( ! HOLDUP 9 ,GIJON1 ID5TIFIES HIM AS A MEMB] ( ! ,CRISOL GR\P 7NOT ! RI<T NAME71 & ASS]TS ?AT HE KILL$ POLICEMAN ,LOPEZ ,SOLORZANO1 A DEA? = :I* HE WAS >RE/$ ON ,JUNE #a#c1 #a#i#b#c4 ,?IS IS AN 5ORM\S BLUND]1 GIV5 ?AT IT IS PUBLIC KN[L$GE ?AT ! ROBB]Y 9 ,GIJON TOOK PLACE MORE ?AN TWO MON?S LAT]4 ,H]E ]ROR & SL&] MAKE GOOD COMPANY1 ESPECIALLY :5 9SPIR$ BY A DESIRE TO DISCR$IT AN>*ISM 9 ! EYES ( 0RESPONSIBLE PUBLIC OP9ION40 

,9 E>LY ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#d1 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI SETTL$ 9 ,P>IS1 NOT 9 ,M>SEILLES1 AS ,LA ,VOZ DE ,GUIPUZCOA 9CORRECTLY /AT$4 ,!Y W5T !RE NOT TO C>RY \T HOLDUPS1 AS ?AT NEWSPAP] CLAIM$1 BUT TO SUPPORT !MSELVES ?R\< !IR WORK2 ,DURRUTI WAS A ME*ANIC ) ! ,R5AULT ,COMPANY & ,ASCASO1 DESPITE HIS NOT$ PULMON>Y AILM5T1 WORK$ AS A LABOR] 9 A PLUMB+ TUBE FACTORY 7A JOB ?AT AGGRAVAT$ HIS ILLNESS74 

,MO/ ( ! EMIGRES 9 ,FRANCE AT ! TIME W]E ,SPANI%1 AS A RESULT ( ! DICTATOR%IP & ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO'S P]SECUTION1 & MO/ CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! ,FR5* ,MIDI3 ,T\L\SE1 ,M>SEILLES1 ,BEZI]S1 ETC4 ,! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S SOON FELT A NE$ = ORGANIZATION1 AL?\< 9 REALITY !RE HAD ALWAYS BE5 A DEGREE ( ORGANIZATION AMONG ,SPANI% POLITICAL EXILES 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,9 HIS MEMOIRS1 ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO NOTES ?AT :5 HE FL$ TO ,M>SEILLES 9 ! PREVI\S C5TURY HE MET A GR\P ( ,SPANI>DS AS SOON AS HE >RIV$ & ?AT !Y HELP$ HIM F9D WORK AS A TYPESETT]4 ,WE HAVE ALSO SE5 ?AT ,DURRUTI SECUR$ EMPLOYM5T ?ANKS TO HELP PROVID$ BY AN>*I/ GR\PS ON ,FR5* SOIL :5 HE WAS A REFUGEE 9 #a#i#a#h4 .<#a#c#h.> ,AFT] #a#i#b1 ! NUMB] ( EXILES ROSE ) ! 9T5SIFICATION ( ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO'S T]RORISM & ESPECIALLY FOLL[+ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S C\P4 ,! EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONAL BASES MADE IT EASY TO ACCOMMODATE NEWCOM]S1 BUT NATURALLY !IR >RIVAL G5]AT$ GREAT] NE$S1 P>TICUL>LY = PROPAG&A4 ,NEW PUBLICATIONS APPE>$1 SU* AS ,LIB]ACION1 :I* LAT] BECAME ,IB]ION AFT] POLICE SUSP5D$ ! =M]1 & ,TIEMPOS ,NUEVOS1 :I* BECAME ,VOZ ,LIB]T>IA = ! SAME REASON4 

,OV] TIME1 ALL !SE SUBV]SIVE ACTIVITIES--PROPAG&A & V>I\S ACTIONS--CULM9AT$ 9 ! F\NDATION ( A /RONG ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,SPANI%-SPEAK+ ,GR\PS 9 ,EXILE1 :I* ANTICIPAT$ :AT W\LD LAT] BE ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I74 

,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO RELI$ ON !SE EXIL$ AN>*I/S AS !Y E/ABLI%$ !MSELVES 9 ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S' DI/RICT KN[N AS ,BELLEVILLE1 :]E MANY O!R ,SPANI>DS LIV$4 

,DESPITE ! P]VASIVE REPRESSION 9 ,SPA91 SPIRITS W]E HI< AMONG ,SPANI% AN>*I/ EXILES & MANY HOP$ TO RETURN TO ! C\NTRY 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,( C\RSE ! IDEA WAS NOT TO GO BACK 9 RESIGNATION1 BUT AS A =CE ?AT W\LD OV]?R[ ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #c1 #a#i#b#c1 ! ,C,N,T HELD A MEET+ 9 ,SPA9 AT :I* !Y PREP>$ TO PUT ! ,C,N,T'S UND]GR\ND APP>ATUS 9TO OP]ATION4 ,AT ?IS MEET+1 IT LOOK$ LIKE ! CONFLICT HAD BE5 SETTL$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIK SYMPA?IZ]S 7:O /ILL TRI$ TO OB/RUCT ! ,C,N,T'S NEW S*EME ( EM]G5CY ORGANIZATION74 ,?IS FUR!R 9CREAS$ ! OPTIMISM AMONG EXILES AS WELL AS !IR DESIRE TO HELP ! ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT IF ! ,SPANI>DS W]E UPBEAT1 ! SAME CANNOT BE SAID ( ! O!R GR\PS ( AN>*I/ EXILES1 SU* AS ! ,ITALIANS & ,RUSSIANS1 :O PASS$ !IR [N PROBLEMS ONTO ! ,FR5*4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD CREAT$ A DIVIDE AMONG AN>*I/S & WAS ! PRIM>Y S\RCE ( ! DIFFICULTIES4 ,SOME ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S F\ND EXT5UAT+ CIRCUM/ANCES TO JU/IFY ! ,BOL%EVIK'S T]RORI/ ME?ODS & !IR OPPRESSION ( ,KRON/&T & ,MAKHNO4 ,O!RS1 AS IF TO CONFIRM ! DEFEAT1 WANT$ TO TRANS=M ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9TO A P>TY & 9FUSE IT ) A ,BOL%EVIK SPIRIT 9 ! NAME ( EFFICI5CY4 

,SOME ( ! ,ITALIANS HAD DRAWN ! SAME CONCLUSION AS ! ,RUSSIANS1 AL?\< 9 !IR CASE IT WAS ! APP>5T NE$ = A UNIT$ FRONT AGA9/ ,ITALIAN FASCI/S ?AT PU%$ !M 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,H[EV]1 !Y W]E NOT SPLIT QUITE AS %>PLY AS ! ,RUSSIANS1 ?ANKS TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ,5RIQUE ,MALATE/A1 :O D5\NC$ ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP & ITS AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,CAMILO ,B]N]I1 :O >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS AFT] ESCAP+ FROM ,ITALY1 RE9=C$ ,MALATE/A'S POSITION4 

,! PROBLEM WAS MO/ S]I\S AMONG ! ,FR5*4 ,AN>*I/S HAD VIRTUALLY LO/ !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,! ,SOCIALI/S DOM9AT$ ! ,C,G,T & ! ,COMMUNI/S1 5?USIA/ICALLY US+ AN>*I/ ME?ODS1 5TR5*$ !MSELVES 9 ! ,C,G,T,U4 .<#a#c#i.> ,BOL%EVISM HAD DAZZL$ ACTIVI/S ( GREAT VALUE1 LIKE ,PI]RE ,MONATTE1 :O 9FLU5C$ A L>GE NUMB] ( AN>*I/S OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,AL?\< !Y DIDN'T JO9 ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 !Y ADOPT$ AN AMBIGU\S & 9T]M$IATE PO/URE ?AT WEAK5$ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 :I* SL[LY %RANK & SURR5D]$ ITSELF TO EMPTY DEBATES OV] MEANS & 5DS1 !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,!SE AB/RACT DISPUTES REMOV$ !M EV5 FUR!R FROM ! PROLET>IAT'S DAILY CONC]NS1 :I* IS A PA? ?AT LEADS TO DEA? NOT LIFE4 

,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO REFLECT$ ON ! C\RSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ?\<T ?AT IT C\LD BE AN EXAMPLE TO REVOLUTION>IES WORLDWIDE AB\T :AT %\LD & %\LD NOT BE DONE4 ,TO >GUE ?AT ! REVOLUTION NECESS>ILY HAD TO DESC5D 9TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! FEW WAS TO R5\NCE REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,?AT W\LD IMPLY ?AT RADICALS W\LD HAVE TO TRU/ ONLY 9 ! SL[ EVOLUTION ( SOCIETY1 9 ! HOPE ?AT IT W\LD FOLL[ A /RAI<T & PROGRESSIVE PA?4 ,HI/ORY HAD ALREADY REVEAL$ ?AT AS A FALSEHOOD4 ,IT MADE MORE S5SE--!Y ?\<T--TO APPRECIATE ! P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* MADE ITS RESULTS QUITE LOGICAL4 ,! REVOLUTION EM]G$ DUR+ A W> & ! W> ITSELF HAD D5ATUR$ IT1 CRU%+ ! MO/ CONSCI\S P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D1 :I* ALSO UN=TUNATELY LACK$ A /RONG LIB]T>IAN P]SPECTIVE4 

,IT WAS ONLY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ?AT HAD EM]G$ FROM ! DISA/] ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> ) SOLID /RUCTURES & REALLY KNEW :]E IT WAS GO+ & :AT IT WANT$4 ,IT WANT$ P[] & SUBORD9AT$ ALL ITS ACTIONS TO ?AT GOAL1 :ILE DIS+5U\SLY CALL+ = 0ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS04 ,AFT] SEIZ+ P[]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID :AT !Y HAD TO DO3 USE EV]Y TRICK1 CO]CION1 & T]RORI/ MEASURE TO HOLD ON TO IT4 ,:5 A FEW HAVE P[]1 ! RE/ >E SUBORD9ATE4 ,) ! ,BOL%EVIKS TRIUMPHANT1 ,KRON/&T & LAT] ! ,UKRA9E W]E TO BE ! SWAN SONGS ( ! REAL ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,P]HAPS IT C\LD HAVE BE5 O!RWISE1 BUT AN>*ISM W\LD HAVE NE$$ TO HAVE P5ETRAT$ ! ,RUSSIA S\L1 AS IT HAD ?AT ( ! ,UKRA9IANS & ?OSE ( ,KRON/&T4 ,C\LD ?AT HAVE HAPP5$8 ,ANSW]+ SU* A QUE/ION REQUIR$ A DEEP] ANALYSIS ( ,RUSSIA & ITS PROBLEMS & NEI!R ,DURRUTI NOR ,ASCASO--:O W]E PRIM>ILY M5 ( ACTION--WANT$ TO LOSE !MSELVES 9 LABYR9?S ( CONJECTURE4 

,!Y KNEW ?AT :5 AN>*I/S HAVE A GREAT] 9FLU5CE ON A REVOLUTION1 ?AT REVOLUTION IS MORE LIB]T>IAN4 ,?IS IS :Y !Y W]E CONSUM$ ) ! IDEA ?AT :AT !Y HAD TO DO WAS TO DEVELOP ! REVOLUTION>Y CAPACITY ( ! CLASSES EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITAL & ! /ATE TO ! UTMO/1 NOT CROSS !IR >MS & 5CLOSE !MSELVES 9 5DLESS DEBATES4 ,IT WAS ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES :O W]E CALL$ UPON TO SUBV]T ! DOM9ANT ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & SOCIAL /RUCTURES4 ,!Y ALONE W\LD BE ! S\RCE ( ! NEW =MS ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL LIFE ?AT W\LD >ISE FROM ! REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD TO DETONATE SITUATIONS ?AT HAD BECOME EXPLOSIVE & ONLY NE$$ TO BE IGNIT$4 ,?R\< CONT9U\S ACTION1 !ORY W\LD BECOME PRACTICAL & PRACTICE !ORETICAL4 ,REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE WAS ! BE/ S*OOL ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 

,! SUBJECT ( REVOLUTION WAS ! PR9CIPAL TOPIC ( DISCUSSION :5 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO SPOKE ) !IR AN>*I/ COMRADES ( ANY NATIONALITY4 ,OPTIMISM RAN HI< :5EV] !Y W]E PRES5T1 & !ORY /OPP$ BE+ A DOGMA & TOOK ON =MS ( PRACTICE1 ( LIFE4 0,WALK+1 WE MAKE ! ROAD10 ,ASCASO US$ TO SAY1 P>APHRAS+ ,MALATE/A'S /ATEM5T ?AT 0( ?+S1 ?+S >E BORN40 ,:AT WAS IMPORTANT WAS TO BE ACTIVE &1 ) SO MANY ISSUES PRODD+ !M 9TO ACTION1 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E 9 A P]PETUAL /ATE ( F]M5T4 ,:ILE ,P>IS W5T ?R\< A P]IOD ( CL>IFICATION1 ,SPA91 ESPECIALLY ,B>CELONA1 SUFF]$ BLOODY1 (T5 FATAL REPRESSION4 ,! LIB]AL ,CATALAN B\RGEOISIE /OPP$ ACCEPT+ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S PROMISES ?AT HE W\LD GIVE ,CATALONIA ADM9I/RATIVE AUTONOMY & SOON FELT ! FULL =CE ( ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,! GOV]NM5T DISMISS$ ! PRESID5T ( ! ,MANCOMUNIDAD1 ,PUIG ,I ,CADAFAL*1 PUT ! MON>*I/ ,ALFONSO ,SALA 9 HIS PLACE1 & !N SUPPRESS$ ! 9/ITUTION ALTOGE!R4 .<#a#d.> ,! C\P DE GRACE CAME 9 ,MAY #aibd :5 /ATE \TLAW$ ! USE ( ! ,CATALAN FLAG & LANGUAGE4 

,AL?\< ! DICTATOR CONC5TRAT$ HIS BRUTALITY AGA9/ ,CATALONIA1 HE H>DLY LIMIT$ IT TO ITS LIB]AL CLASS4 ,:AT REALLY BO!R$ HIM WAS ,CATALONIA'S PROLET>IAT & ESPECIALLY ! ,C,N,T4 ,( C\RSE ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO1 ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A'S EXECUTIVE >M1 HAD OLD ACC\NTS TO SETTLE ) ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS & WORK$ TIRELESSLY TO DE/ROY ! GR\P FROM ! MOM5T HE TOOK OV] ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY4 ,&1 9DE$1 HE A*IEV$ A MEASURE ( SUCCESS1 ?ANKS TO HIS NETWORK ( 9=M]S4 ,! ,SOLID>IOS' FIR/ W>N+ CAME :5 ! POLICE DISCOV]$ ONE ( !IR >MORIES 9 ! ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO WORK]S' DI/RICT4 ,AL?\< !Y TOOK NEW PRECAUTIONS !REAFT] & DI/ANC$ !MSELVES FROM PEOPLE :O SEEM$ QUE/IONABLE1 IT WAS ALREADY TOO LATE4 ,! POLICE W5T 9TO ACTION ON ,M>* #b#d1 #a#i#b#d4 

,!Y SURPRIS$ ,GREGORIO ,SUB]VIELA AT HOME1 BUT HE MANAG$ TO %OOT HIS WAY \T4 ,HE DESC5D$ ! /AIRS ( HIS FLAT & CROSS$ ! /REET BUT ! POLICE1 :O W]E TAK+ COV] 9 ! DOORWAYS ( NEI<BOR+ H\SES1 HAD HIM SURR\ND$4 ,AN ESCAPE W\LD HAVE BE5 A MIRACLE4 ,?US1 9 ! MIDDLE ( /REET1 9 FULL VIEW ( ! NEI<BORS1 ONE ( ! MO/ COMPLETE REVOLUTION>IES ?AT ,PAMPLONA HAD EV] PRODUC$ WAS %OT D[N4 ,POLICE NEV] KNEW ?AT !Y KILL$ A P>TICIPANT 9 ! ,GIJON BANK ROBB]Y & ,JOSE ,REGU]AL'S EXECUTION]4 

,M>CEL9O DEL ,CAMPO1 ,TOMAS ,>RATE1 & O!R MILITANTS ALSO FELL1 AL?\< 9 DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,TWO UND]COV] POLICE 9TRODUC$ !MSELVES TO ,M>CEL9O AS 0P]SECUT$ COMRADES40 ,HE FEIGN$ TO BELIEVE !M & SAID ?AT HE W\LD TAKE !M TO A SAFE H\SE 9 ! C\NTRY1 :]E !Y W\LD F9D 0TRU/$ COMRADES40 ,HIS GOAL WAS TO GET !M \T ( ,B>CELONA & !N %OOT !M4 ,HIS PLOY FAIL$4 ,9 HOPES ( CAPTUR+ HIM ALIVE1 POLICE P\NC$ UPON HIM AS HE W5T 9TO ! /REET4 ,HE DREW HIS PI/OL & KILL$ TWO ( !M1 BUT QUICKLY BECAME ! ?IRD CASUALTY4 ,POLICE RAID$ ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ'S H\SE AT ALMO/ ! SAME TIME ?AT ,GREGORIO & ,M>CEL9O FELL4 ,HIS BRO!RS ,CEF]9O & ,ADOLFO ,BALLANO W]E ) HIM4 ,! ?REE DESC5D$ ! /AIRS 9 H&CUFFS AFT] !Y W]E >RE/$4 ,H[EV]1 ! POLICE BECAME C>ELESS ONCE !Y REA*$ ! /REET1 P]HAPS BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 SO EASY TO DETA9 !M & ALSO BECAUSE !Y DIDN'T KN[ ?AT !Y HAD SEIZ$ ANO!R ONE ( ! ,GIJON BANK ROBB]S4 ,AURELIO TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?IS TO PU% HIS BRO!R 9TO ! POLICE'S PA? &1 ) BO? ,CEF]9O & ,ADOLFO 9 !IR WAY1 HE ESCAP$ ?R\< ! TWI/+ & TURN+ /REETS ?AT MADE UP ,B>CELONA'S SO-CALL$ 0,*9AT[N40 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO'S BRO!R ,DOM+O1 A TRUE ESCAPE >TI/ & SUSPICI\S BY NATURE1 HE>D ! POLICE 5T] ! /AIRWAY ( HIS BUILD+ & L[]$ HIMSELF FROM HIS F\R? FLOOR AP>TM5T ) A ROPE ?AT HE KEPT PRECISELY = SU* A PURPOSE4 

,POLICE SURELY ?\<T ?AT ,GREGORIO ,JOV]1 :O HAD REC5TLY JO9$ ! GR\P1 WAS A SIMPLE COLLABORATOR & W]E NOT P>TICUL>LY VIGILANT AFT] >RE/+ HIM4 ,GREGORIO TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?IS TO JUMP ?R\< A POLICE /ATION W9D[ & FLEE4 

,IF ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO ?\<T ?IS RAID HAD CRU%$ ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS1 HE WAS COMPLETELY MI/AK54 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,DOM+O ,ASCASO1 ,ALFONSO ,MIGUEL1 & ,GREGORIO ,JOV] W]E /ILL 9 ACTION4 ,ALFONSO ,MIGUEL & ,RIC>DO ,SANZ COV]$ ,GREGORIO ,SUB]VIELA & ,M>CEL9O DEL ,CAMPO'S RESPONSIBILITIES 9 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,NO ONE C\LD F9D ,DOM+O ,ASCASO4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] SP5T SEV]AL DAYS SE>*+ = HIM :51 TO ,G>CIA'S SURPRISE1 IT WAS ,DOM+O :O F\ND HIM4 ,DOM+O TOLD HIM ?AT HE NE$$ TO GO TO ,P>IS1 SO ?AT HE1 ,FRANCISCO1 & ,DURRUTI C\LD ACCEL]ATE ! REVOLUTION>Y PREP>ATIONS 9 ,SPA94 ,:5 !Y P>T$1 ,G>CIA ASK$ :]E HE HAD HID & ,DOM+O TOLD HIM 9 ! ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO CEMET]Y4 ,9DE$1 A CLOSE FRI5D ( ,DOM+O'S1 AN OLD MAN FROM ,>AGON1 WORK$ !RE AS A GRAV$IGG] & HAD H>BOR$ HIM 9 ONE ( ! MAUSOLEUMS4 ,DOM+O TOLD ,OLIV]3 0,! BE/ HID+ PLACE IS AMONG ! DEAD4 ,!Y DON'T SPEAK60 .<#a#d#a.> 

,BY PICK+ ON ! ,CATALANI/S1 ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 ONLY CREAT$ NEW ALLIES = ! AN>*I/S4 ,:5 ! GOV]NM5T \TLAW$ ! ,CATALAN FLAG & LANGUAGE1 ! ,CATALANI/S FROM ! ,E/AT ,CATALA GR\P--CREAT$ BY ,COLONEL ,FRANCESC ,MACIA 9 #a#i#b#b--S\<T \T CONTACT ) AN>*I/ GR\PS4 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ CLAIMS ?AT !Y W]E EV5 MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE OP]AT+ 9 ,B>CELONA DUR+ ! P]IOD4 .<#a#d#b.> ,9 ,MAY1 %ORTLY AFT] ! ,E/AT ,CATALA JO9$ ! /RUGGLE & ! RAID ?AT WE DESCRIB$ ABOVE1 ! ,C,N,T CALL$ A NATIONAL MEET+ 9 ,SABADELL4 ,! MEET+ TRANSPIR$ NORMALLY UNTIL ! 5D1 :5 POLICE 9VAD$ ! BUILD+4 ,!Y HAD =TUNATELY PREP>$ AN ESCAPE R\TE 9 ADVANCE & ! MAJORITY ( ! P>TICIPANTS GOT AWAY4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD ALSO FL$1 BUT POLICE >RE/$ HIM AT ! TRA9 /ATION4 ,TRI$ & S5T5C$1 !Y S5T HIM TO ! ,BURGOS P5IT5TI>Y1 :]E HE W\LD REMA9 = SIX LONG YE>S4 

,DOM+O ,ASCASO'S MISSION WAS TO ACCEL]ATE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS BY LAUN*+ A GU]RILLA /RIKE FROM ! ,CATALAN ,PYR5EES ?AT W\LD FACILITATE ! LIB]ATION ( ! HUNDR$S ( AN>*I/ PRISON]S 9C>C]AT$ 9 ! ,FIGU]AS P5IT5TI>Y4 ,P>ALLEL TO ! ,PYR5EES ACTION1 !Y W\LD UNLEA% AN 9SURG5CY 9 ,B>CELONA ) ! SUPPORT ( SOLDI]S FROM ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS4 ,= ! SUCCESS ( ! ,B>CELONA OP]ATION1 !Y C\NT$ ON TAK+ POSSESSION ( ! >MS B\<T 9 ,EIB> ?AT W]E BE+ /OR$ 9 ! ,B>CELONA PORT4 .<#a#d#c.> 

,DOM+O ,ASCASO COMMUNICAT$ ?IS PLAN TO ,DURRUTI & ,FRANCISCO1 :O W]E ALREADY BEG9N+ TO TIRE ( ! ,P>ISIAN 5VIRONM5T--:I* SEEM$ TO CONSI/ ( NO?+ BUT 5DLESS MEET+S4 ,!Y WANT$ DESP]ATELY TO GO 9TO ACTION & W]E EXCIT$ BY ! PLAN1 DESPITE ITS RISKS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,DOM+O1 ! FIR/ ?+ !Y HAD TO DO WAS SIZE UP ! COMRADES--)\T 9=M+ ANYONE AB\T ! MATT]--9 ORD] TO BE SURE ?AT !Y C\LD C>RY \T ! ACTION ) SOLID PEOPLE4 ,B>CELONA W\LD S5D SOMEONE TO TELL ! MILITANTS 9 ,FRANCE :5 !Y W]E READY4 

,!IR DELEGATE TURN$ \T TO BE ,GREGORIO ,JOV]1 :O >RIV$ 9 ,JULY #a#i#b#e1 :5 ! PROJECT WAS ALREADY WELL UND]WAY4 ,ALL ! ,B>CELONA GR\PS HAD EXPRESS$ !IR SUPPORT & ! COMMITT$ SOLDI]S EV5 REAFFIRM$ !IR DESIRE TO P>TICIPATE 9 A MOVE AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,!Y ASSEMBL$ V>I\S COMRADES 9 ,P>IS = AN 0IMPORTANT MEET+40 ,ONCE EV]YONE HAD GA!R$1 ,GREGORIO ,JOV] EXPLA9$ ! UND]TAK+4 ,EV]YONE DECL>$ !IR WILL+NESS TO P>TAKE 9 ! GU]RILLA OP]ATION4 ,!Y APPO9T$ A COMMISSION AT ! MEET+ TO ORGANIZE ! EXP$ITION & ACQUIRE WEAPONS4 ,! ,ASCASO BRO!RS1 ,DURRUTI1 & ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS TOOK ON ! TASK4 ,! LATT] TURN$ \T TO BE P>TICUL>LY WELL SUIT$ = ! JOB4 ,HE QUICKLY MADE CONTACT ) A ,BELGIAN >MS DEAL] :O SOLD RIFLES ) ONE HUNDR$ C>TRIDGES AT ?IRTY FRANCS EA*4 .<#a#d#d.> 

,!Y HAD FULLY SKET*$ \T ! ,PYR5EAN (F5SIVE BY LATE ,SEPTEMB]4 ,! WEAPONS PUR*AS$--EA* P>TICIPANT *IPP$ 9 MONEY TO BUY !M-- W]E NOT RIFLES1 BUT PI/OLS ( V>I\S CALIB]S4 

,:ILE ?+S ADVANC$ 9 ,P>IS1 PROBLEMS >OSE 9 ,B>CELONA3 ! SOLDI]S />T$ TO COOL (F1 ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS W]E UNABLE TO GET ! >MS /OR$ 9 ! PORT1 & N[ !RE WAS ! RISK ?AT ! WEAPONS MI<T BE RETURN$ TO ! SO-CALL$ ,ZULUETA4 ,LIKEWISE1 SOME MILITANTS BEGAN TO VOICE SKEPTICISM AB\T ! LIKELIHOOD ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ]UPT+ AMONG ,B>CELONA'S WORK]S1 ! DRIV+ =CE ( ,SPANI% SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 

,:5 !Y LE>N$ AB\T ! SITUATION 9 ,B>CELONA1 SOME ( ! COMRADES 9 ,P>IS ALSO BEGAN TO VACILLATE4 ,?IS BECAME APP>5T AT A MEET+ CALL$ PRECISELY TO DISCUSS ! 9SURG5CY4 ,?OSE :O W]E COMMITT$ TO IT DID !IR BE/ TO CONV9CE ! SKEPTICS4 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO W]E ! MO/ D$ICAT$ TO ! UND]TAK+1 P]HAPS BECAUSE !IR OPTIMISM DEM&$ SU* CONT9U$ & DRAMATIC ACTIVITY4 ,H[EV]1 9 ?IS CASE1 9 :I* P>TICIPANTS W]E RISK+ !IR LIVES1 IT WAS DIFFICULT TO COMPEL ! UNWILL+ TO P>TAKE4 ,NONE!LESS1 ,DURRUTI SPOKE TO ! GR\P1 NOT TO P]SUADE ANYONE1 BUT SIMPLY TO MAKE SOME PO9TS ?AT HE CONSID]$ ELEM5TAL = UND]/&+ REVOLUTION>Y ACTION3  
  

,:51 H[1 & 9 :AT WAY CAN WE KN[ ?AT 0?+S0 >E READY8 ,YES1 IT'S TRUE ?AT ! NEWS FROM ,B>CELONA IS NOT V]Y 5C\RAG+1 BUT IT'S NO LESS TRUE ?AT ! BASIC PRECONDITIONS NECESS>Y = A REVOLUTION>Y ACTION EXI/ & >E EM]G+1 AT LEA/ 9 ,CATALONIA1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! DICTATOR HAS PICK$ A FI<T ) ! ,CATALANI/S1 BUT HAS ONLY MADE NEW FRI5DS = US BY DO+ SO4 ,HE EXILES 9TELLECTUALS LIKE ,UNAMUNO & ,SORIANO1 S[S DISCONT5T AMONG ! MIDDLE CLASS1 & PRACTICES ! MO/ %AMELESS FAVORITISM4 ,! W> 9 ,MOROCCO IS DRAGG+ ON1 & ! SOLDI]S DON'T WANT TO GO !RE & DIE4 ,DON'T Y\ SEE POSITIVE ELEM5TS 9 ALL ?IS1 ESPECIALLY :5 L9K$ TO ! CONDITIONS ( ! PEASANTRY & ! WORK+ CLASS 9 C]TA9 REGIONS8 ,( C\RSE !RE >E NEGATIVES1 BUT IT'S ! CLA% BETWE5 ! POSITIVE & ! NEGATIVE ?AT PRODUCES ! SP>K4 ,WE HAVE ! RI<T & ! OBLIGATION TO =CE ! NEGATIVE TO CLA% ) ! POSITIVE & CAUSE ! SP>K4 ,IS ?AT ADV5TURISM8 ,!N ,I SAY ?AT ALL REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 TRIGG]$ BY ADV5TURI/S4 ,YES1 IT'S POSSIBLE ?AT WE'RE WRONG & ?AT WE'LL PAY ) \R LIVES OR 5D UP 9 PRISON4 ,?AT'S CONCEIVABLE4 ,BUT ,I'M C]TA9 SURE ?AT REBELLIONS LIKE ?IS >E NOT 9 VA9 & ?AT !Y BR+ US A CLOS] TO ! G5]ALIZ$ REVOLT4 

,I'M NOT TRY+ TO CONV9CE ANYONE4 ,AN ACT LIKE ?IS HAS TO BE DONE BY PEOPLE COMMITT$ TO ! BASIC IDEAS ?AT ,I'VE \TL9$ TONI<T4  
  

,DURRUTI'S SPEE* WAS NOT MEANT TO SET ALI<T FLEET+ 5?USIASMS4 ,IT WAS NOT A LEAD]'S H>ANGUE1 BUT SIMPLY CLE> SPEE* AMONG REVOLUTION>IES4 ,H[ W]E HIS WORDS UND]/OOD8 ,WE DON'T KN[1 BUT NONE ( ! COMMITT$ COMRADES W]E ABS5T ON ! DAY ( ! ACTION4 .<#a#d#e.> ,%ORTLY AFT] ?IS MEET+ SEV]AL ?+S OCCURR$ ?AT W]E GO+ TO 5HANCE ! LIKELIHOOD ( ! GU]RILLA ACTION'S SUCCESS4 ,UNAMUNO & ,SORIANO >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS AFT] ESCAP+ FROM ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S & ! $ITOR ( ,LE ,QUOTIDI5 PUT ! PAGES ( HIS NEWSPAP] AT !IR DISPOSAL SO ?AT !Y C\LD VOICE !IR CRITICISMS ( ! DICTATOR%IP & ,SPA9'S SOCIO-POLITICAL CONDITIONS4 

,LIKEWISE1 ,VIC5TE ,BLASCO ,IBANEZ1 ! CELEBRAT$ NOVELI/ FROM ,VAL5CIA1 P]HAPS EMB>RASS$ BY HIS RETIR+ LIFE 9 ,M5TON1 PLUCK$ UP ! C\RAGE TO JO9 ! FRAY & SIGN$ HIS NAME TO A ,FR5*-LANGUAGE PAMPHLET D5\NC+ ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I & ! MILIT>I/ T]ROR 9 ,SPA94 

,!RE W]E GOOD REASONS TO BE UPBEAT AB\T ! GU]RILLA OP]ATION4 ,OROBON ,F]N&EZ1 ONE ( ! P>TICIPANTS1 DESCRIBES IT AS FOLL[S3  
  

,COMRADES IMPATI5TLY AWAIT$ ! TELEGRAM 9 ,P>IS1 ,LYON1 ,P]PIGNAN1 ,M>SEILLES1 & 9 EV]Y ,FR5* CITY :]E AN>*I/ GR\PS EXI/$4 ,?OSE ( US :O LIV$ ?R\< ?OSE MOM5TS ( COMBATIVE FEV] WILL NEV] =GET !M4 ,WE ALL KNEW ?AT WE W\LD HAVE TO ASSEMBLE ON ! BORD] :5 ! TELEGRAM CAME & CROSS IT FI<T+ TOO? & NAIL AGA9/ ! BORD] POLICE4 ,EV]YONE WAS AW>E ?AT WE W]E GO+ TO BATTLE L>GE1 WELL-ORGANIZ$1 & BETT] >M$ =CES ?AN \RS4 ,MANY W\LD PAY ) !IR LIVES1 AL?\< ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTION W\LD ULTIMATELY SUCCE$4 ,WE DIDN'T C>E AB\T ! RISKS4 ,LIB]TY IS WELL WOR? MANY LIVES6 

,! TELEGRAM >RIV$ & WE QUICKLY SET (F = ! BORD] 9 GR\PS ( T5 OR TWELVE1 TAK+ A PI/OL AS ! ONLY WEAPON1 ACQUIR$ AT ! CO/ ( :O KN[S H[ MANY H>D%IPS4 ,9 ! ,QUAI D',ORSAY TRA9 /ATION1 ! DEP>TURE PO9T = ?OSE 9 ,P>IS1 WE C\LD SEE .<,DOM+O.> ,ASCASO H&+ \T TICKETS TO ! COMRADES BE=E HE BO>D$ ) ! F9AL CONT+5T1 C>RY+ HEAVY SUITCASES LOAD$ ) TW5TY-FIVE ,W9*E/]S1 ! LONGE/ >MS ( ! EXP$ITION4 

,AS AGRE$1 ! COMRADES 9 ,B>CELONA SET \T TO TAKE ! ,AT>AZANAS >TILL]Y B>RACKS4 ,TO AVOID ATTRACT+ ATT5TION1 !Y APPROA*$ 9 V]Y SMALL GR\PS4 ,!Y 9T5D$ TO ATTACK ) GR5ADES AT #f3 AM4 

,AT>AZANAS IS 9 ,B>CELONA'S FIF? DI/RICT1 :I* HAS ALWAYS BE5 A WELL-WAT*$ NEI<BORHOOD4 ,B>RICADES ALWAYS APPE> FIR/ !RE & IT IS ALSO ! HOME TO ! ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A PR9T+ PRESS1 ! $ITORIAL (FICES ( ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD & ,CRISOL1 ! ,WOOD ,WORK] & ,CON/RUCTION WORK] UNIONS1 & ! MANY COMRADES :O LIKE TO LIVE CLOSE TO !IR C5T]S & NEWSPAP]S4 ,DUE TO ! P]VASIVE SURVEILLANCE1 & DESPITE ALL ! PRECAUTIONS TAK51 ! POLICE MU/ HAVE NOTIC$ SOME?+4 ,ONE ( ! GR\PS HEAD+ T[>D ! B>RACKS F\ND ITSELF BLOCK$ BY A GU>D PATROL1 :I* TRI$ TO >RE/ !M4 ,?IS CAUS$ A HEAVY %OOT\T1 :I* LEFT ONE GU>D DEAD & ANO!R 9JUR$4 ,! PANIC SPREAD & ! POLICE--EXECUTION]S >M$ ) MA*9EGUNS--SURR\ND$ ! B>RACKS4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO C>RY \T ! PLANN$ ATTACK4 

,POLICE >RE/$ ,COMRADES ,MONTEJO & ,LLAC] NE>BY4 ,!Y W]E SUMM>ILY JUDG$ & EXECUT$4 ,!Y FAC$ DEA? ) GREAT =TITUDE4 

,GIV5 ! FAILURE ( ! ,B>CELONA ACTION1 ?OSE ( US GO+ TO ! BORD] DIDN'T HAVE ! SLI<TE/ *ANCE ( SUCCESS4 

,! COMRADES :O LEFT = ,V]A & ,H5DAYA1 :I* W]E ! PO9TS CLOSE/ TO ,P>IS1 >RIV$ EI<TE5 H\RS BE=E ?OSE :O W5T TO ! O!R SITES ALONG ! BORD]4 ,!Y TOOK C>E ( ! FIR/ DETA*M5T ?AT !Y 5C\NT]$1 BUT W]E LAT] SURPRIS$ BY SUP]IOR =CES AFT] AN EXHAU/+ M>* ?R\< ! M\NTA9S4 ,!Y HAD TO RETREAT :ILE FI<T+4 ,TWO COMRADES W]E KILL$1 ONE S]I\SLY 9JUR$1 & ! O!RS W]E >RE/$ TWO DAYS LAT]1 SOME ( :OM W]E EXECUT$ 9 ,PAMPLONA4 ,! RE/ WILL BE TRI$ & !IR HE>+S WILL LIKELY BE TAK+ PLACE :5 ?IS CORRESPOND5CE IS PUBLI%$4 

,:5 ?OSE :O W]E GO+ TO ATTACK ! BORD] NE> ,FIGU]AS & ,G]ONA REA*$ ,P]PIGNAN1 !Y READ AB\T ! ,V]A EV5TS 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,!Y HAD >RIV$ EI<TE5 H\RS TOO LATE6 ,( ! NE>LY ONE ?\S& COMRADES ?AT MET 9 ,P]PIGNAN1 MANY HAD TO DISP]SE1 O!RS W]E CAPTUR$1 & ONLY SOME FIFTY C\LD ESCAPE ! SECURITY =CES & TAKE ! SUITCASES ( ,W9*E/]S & BULLETS UP TO ! SLOPES ( ! ,PYR5EES4 ,A COMRADE FROM A SMALL ,SPANI% VILLAGE MET !M !RE1 :O WAS TO GUIDE !M ?R\< ! M\NTA9S TO ,FIGU]AS1 :]E !Y W\LD ATTACK ! PRISON HOLD+ A L>GE NUMB] ( COMRADES1 9CLUD+ ,ELIAS ,G>CIA1 ,P$RO ,MATEU1 ,SAN*O ,ALEGRE1 ,CLASCU1 & ! ACCUS$ ( ,CULL]A4 ,\R GUIDE TOLD US ! BAD NEWS3 SEV]AL REGIM5TS W]E WAIT+ ALONG ! BORD]1 ) MA*9E-GUNS & >TILL]Y4 ,! AU?ORITIES HAD TAK5 SIGNIFICANT DEF5SIVE MEASURES & ?US WE W]E UNABLE TO ATTACK BY SURPRISE1 :I* WAS ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL FACTORS ( SUCCESS4 

,\R UND]TAK+ WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,CRY+ ) RAGE & ANG]1 & A LITTLE A%AM$ AT HAV+ BE5 DEFEAT$ )\T A FI<T1 WE HAD TO RETURN TO \R PO9TS ( DEP>TURE4 ,?AT DAY1 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! M\NTA91 A ?\S& MET]S ABOVE ! SEA1 ,I SAW MANY ( ?OSE FIFTY M5 CRY1 LAM5T+ ?AT !Y HAD BE5 UNABLE TO GIVE !IR LIVES TO ! REVOLUTION4 

,ASCASO WAS AMONG !M4 ,DURRUTI AMONG ?OSE ( ,V]A4 ,JOV] ) ?OSE :O ATTACK$ ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS 9 ,B>CELONA4 

,IT WAS A NAIVE ATTEMPT1 CLUMSY1 :ATEV] Y\ WANT2 BUT ?OSE M5 POSSESS$ A GREAT REVOLUTION>Y PASSION & = ?IS !Y DES]VE EV]YONE'S RESPECT4 ,!Y FAIL$1 ?AT IS ALL4 ,WE HAVE FAIL$ SO MANY TIMES1 BUT ONE DAY WE WILL TRIUMPH6.<#a#d#f.>  
  

,:AT DOES IT MEAN TO FAIL8 ,FAIL+ 9 RELATION TO :AT8 ,?OSE 9 ,B>CELONA & ! ,PYR5EES :O ROSE UP 9 ,NOVEMB] #aibd W]E NOT TRY+ TO SEIZE P[] & DIDN'T BELIEVE ?AT !Y ALONE W\LD BR+ D[N ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,!Y ONLY WANT$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT IT WAS TIME TO /OP BE+ AFRAID4 ,& !Y DIDN'T A*IEVE IT BECAUSE ?OSE :O HAD TO DEFEAT FE> W]E DEFEAT$ BY IT4 ,?AT IS ALL4 

,BUT IT SOON BECAME CLE> ?AT ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I & HIS DICTATOR W]E TRULY FRI<T5$4 ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO S5T OP]ATIVES TO ,FRANCE TO DISCR$IT ! ACTION'S ORGANIZ]S BY SPREAD+ RUMORS DESIGN$ TO MAKE IT SEEM ?AT ! :OLE ?+ HAD BE5 A POLICE CONSPIRACY4 ,P>ALLEL TO ?IS DIS9=MATION CAMPAIGN1 ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I'S GOV]NM5T UND]TOOK ANO!R1 MORE EFFICI5T ACTION3 IT PRESS$ ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T TO MOVE AGA9/ ,SPANI% AN>*I/S LIV+ 9 ,FRANCE4 

,?IS HAD IMM$IATE RESULTS3 HOMES W]E SE>*$1 >RE/S W]E MADE1 & PEOPLE EXPELL$4 ,MANY ( ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! UPRIS+ W5T TO ,BELGIUM & O!RS SET (F = ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 

,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! POLICE W]E SE>*+ = !M ACTIVELY1 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI DID NOT WANT TO LEAVE ,FRANCE BE=E F9D+ \T MORE AB\T ! SITUATION 9 ,B>CELONA & ! NEW ACTIVITIES PLANN$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,:ILE WAIT+ = ?IS 9=MATION1 !Y HOL$ UP 9 ! \TSKIRTS ( ,P>IS 9 A H\SE PROVID$ BY SOME ,P>ISIAN AN>*I/S4 

,!Y DID NOT HAVE TO WAIT = LONG4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE 9 ,B>CELONA S5T ,RIC>DO ,SANZ TO TELL ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI AB\T ! ORGANIZATION'S DREADFUL CIRCUM/ANCES & H[ IT URG5TLY NE$$ MONEY4 ,!Y ?\<T ?AT AN EXCURSION TO ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA MI<T BE A SOLUTION1 5ABL+ !M TO >\SE EMIGRANTS' 9T]E/ 9 DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,SPA9 AS WELL AS COLLECT ! MU*-NE$$ FUNDS4 

,?US1 US+ FALSE PASSPORTS1 ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO SET (F = ! ,AM]ICAS FROM ! PORT ( ,LE ,HAVRE 9 LATE ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#d4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/