,DO WE NE$ OR WANT ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]S HAVE EXAM9$ :AT K9D ( GOV]NM5T IS1 9 !IR OP9ION1 ! BE/ K9D4 ,9 VOLUM9\S WRIT+S JU/IFY+ V>I\S =MS ( GOV]NM5T !Y EI!R IGNORE OR QUICKLY DISP5SE ) ! MORE FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION3 ,D,O ,W,E ,N,E,$ ,O,R ,W,A,N,T ,A,N,Y ,=,M ,( ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T8 

,:AT IS IT TO BE GOV]N$8 ,& :AT IS ! ALT]NATIVE8 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ 

,TO BE GOV]N$ IS TO BE WAT*$1 9SPECT$1 SPI$ UPON1 DIRECT$1 LAW-DRIV51 NUMB]$1 REGULAT$1 5ROLL$1 9DOCTR9AT$1 C5SOR$1 COMM&$1 BY CREATURES :O HAVE NEI!R ! RI<T NOR ! WISDOM NOR ! VIRTUE TO DO SO4 ,TO BE ,G,O,V,],N,$ IS TO BE AT EV]Y OP]ATION1 AT EV]Y TRANSACTION NOT$1 REGI/]$1 C\NT$1 TAX$1 /AMP$1 MEASUR$1 NUMB]$1 ASSESS$1 LIC5S$1 AU?ORIZ$1 ADMONI%$1 PREV5T$1 =BIDD51 RE=M$1 CORRECT$1 PUNI%$4 ,IT IS1 UND] PRETEXT ( PUBLIC UTILITY1 & 9 ! NAME ( ! G5]AL 9T]E/1 TO BE PLAC$ UND] CONTRIBUTION1 DRILL$1 FLEEC$1 EXPLOIT$1 MONOPOLIZ$1 EXTORT$ FROM1 SQUEEZ$1 HOAX$1 ROBB$2 !N1 AT ! SLI<TE/ RESI/ANCE1 ! FIR/ WORD ( COMPLA9T1 TO BE REPRESS$1 F9$1 VILIFI$1 H>ASS$1 HUNT$ D[N1 ABUS$1 CLUBB$1 DIS>M$1 B\ND1 *OK$1 IMPRISON$1 JUDG$1 CONDEMN$1 %OT1 DEPORT$1 SACRIFIC$1 SOLD1 BETRAY$2 & TO CR[N IT ALL1 MOCK$1 RIDICUL$1 D]ID$1 \TRAG$1 DI%ONOR$4 ,?AT IS GOV]NM5T2 ?AT IS ITS JU/ICE1 ?AT IS ITS MORALITY4.<#a.> 

,IF ,PR\DHON'S DESCRIPTION ( GOV]NM5T S\NDS TOO RHETORICAL OR TOO POLITICALLY PREJUDIC$1 TURN TO ! ,OX=D ,5GLI% ,DICTION>Y = A DEF9ITION ( GOV]NM5T3 IT SAYS ?AT TO GOV]N IS TO RULE1 CONDUCT1 REGULATE1 COMM&1 CURB1 CONTROL1 SWAY1 9FLU5CE & DET]M9E4 ,!SE >E ! SAME AS V]BS :I* ,PR\DHON USES1 BUT !Y >E 9 ! ACTIVE T5SE - ! T5SE ( ! 'DO]'4 ,MO/ ( US RECEIVE GOV]NM5T 9 ! T5SE ( ! 'DONE TO'4 

,:Y %\LD WE BE RUL$1 CONDUCT$1 REGULAT$1 COMM&$1 CURB$1 CONTROLL$1 SWAY$1 9FLU5C$ & DET]M9$ BY O!RS8 

,! FUNCTION ( GOV]NM5T IS SUPPOS$LY ! CONTROL ( ! LESS 5LI<T5$ BY ! MORE 5LI<T5$4 ,IS !RE REALLY ONE GR\P ( PEOPLE MORE 5LI<T5$ ?AN ! RE/ - OR DO !Y HAVE DIFF]5T1 RA!R ?AN BETT]1 IDEAS8 ,BY :OSE /&>DS >E !Y JUDG$ TO BE MORE 5LI<T5$8 ,& IF !RE IS A MORE 5LI<T5$ GR\P1 :Y %\LD !Y DICTATE TO O!RS RA!R ?AN %>E !IR 5LI<T5M5T ) !M8 

,:Y DIVIDE M5 9TO TWO CLASSES1 ONE ( :I* IS TO ?9K & REASON = ! :OLE1 & ! O!R TO TAKE ! CONCLUSIONS ( !IR SUP]IORS ON TRU/8 ,?IS DI/9CTION IS NOT F\ND$ 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S2 !RE IS NO SU* DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MAN & MAN AS IT ?9KS PROP] TO SUPPOSE4 ,! REASONS ?AT %\LD CONV9CE US ?AT VIRTUE IS BETT] ?AN VICE >E NEI!R COMPLICAT$ NOR AB/RUSE2 & ! LESS !Y BE TAMP]$ ) BY ! 9JUDICI\S 9T]F]5CE ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ! MORE !Y WILL COME HOME TO ! UND]/&+ & APPROVE !MSELVES TO ! JUDGM5T ( EV]Y MAN4.<#b.> 

,GOLDW9 H9TS ?AT :AT GOV]NM5T DOES IS TO OBSCURE RA!R ?AN TO ELUCIDATE4 ,IT DELIB]ATELY KEEPS ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 9 ! D>K 9 ORD] ?AT ! FEW CAN GET !IR [N WAY 7TO P[]1 WEAL?1 & SO ON7 ) A M9IMUM ( OPPOSITION4 ,IS GOV]NM5T NOT AN 5LI<T5$ GUIDE BU A ,DEP>TM5T ( ,/EAL? & ,TOTAL ,OBSCURITY8 

,LET US LOOK AT :AT IT MEANS TO BE GOV]N$ BY SOME ( ! SY/EMS ( GOV]NM5T ADVOCAT$ BY POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]S4 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ ,9 ,P,L,A,T,O',S ,R,E,P,U,B,L,I,C 

,TO BE GOV]N$ BY ! SY/EM ( ,PLATO'S ,REPUBLIC W\LD 5TAIL BE+ SUBJECT TO A RUL+ CLASS ( ,GU>DIANS OR ,PHILOSOPH] ,RUL]S4 ,PLATO DIVIDES PEOPLE 9TO ?OSE :O HAVE AN ECONOMIC FUNCTION & ?OSE :O HAVE A RUL+ OR MILIT>Y FUNCTION4 ,! ECONOMIC CLASS MAY LIVE 9 A CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE1 BUT ! ,GU>DIANS LIVE COMMUNALLY ) NO PRIVATE PROP]TY & NO NUCLE> FAMILY1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T PRIVATE 9T]E/ SUP]S$+ ! COMMON 9T]E/ 9 ! ,GU>DIAN CLASS4 ,! ,GU>DIANS HAVE ALL POLITICAL P[] & NO ECONOMIC FUNCTION4 ,PLATO HAS SEP>AT$ REASON 7! ,GU>DIANS7 & SPIRIT 7!IR ,AUXILI>IES7 FROM APPETITE 7MO/ ( ! PEOPLE1 :O HAVE AN ECONOMIC ROLE74 ,! ,GU>DIANS W\LD BE ?OR\<LY $UCAT$ - BUT !Y W\LD HAVE NO PRACTICAL UND]/&+ ( ! PEOPLE !Y W]E RUL+ AS !Y W\LD BE LIV+ TOTALLY DIFF]5T LIVES4 ,?IS SY/EM BEGS ,GODW9'S QUE/ION3 :Y DIVIDE PEOPLE 9TO TWO CLASSES4448 

,PLATO DRAWS ! ANALOGY BETWE5 ! S\L & ! /ATE4 ,IF ! S\L & ! /ATE >E EA* COMPOS$ ( REASON1 SPIRIT & APPETITE1 DOES IT MAKE S5SE TO !N SUGGE/ ?AT PEOPLE %\LD /OP BE+ A BALANCE ( ALL ?REE COMPON5TS & TAKE UP A ROLE AS EI!R REASON_/,GU>DIAN1 SPIRIT_/,AUXILI>Y OR APPETITE_/ECONOMIC FUNCTION8 ,?IS MAY !ORETICALLY LEAD TO A BALANC$ /ATE1 BUT H[ CAN ?IS LEAD TO A BALANC$ 9DIVIDUAL8 

,ALSO1 ! NOTION ( TOTALLY SEP>ATE CLASSES :I* DO NOT 9T]BRE$ CREATES A SITUATION FAMILI> TO ! ,>YAN PHILOSOPHY ( DIFF]5T RACES HAV+ DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS & DIFF]5T VALUES4 ,! HORRIFIC \TCOME ( ?AT K9D ( PHILOSOPHY WAS REALIZ$ 9 ! SLAU<T] ( ! ,JEWS 9 ,HITL]'S ,G]MANY4 ,SO TO BE GOV]N$ 9 ,PLATO'S ,REPUBLIC IS TO LIVE A TOTALLY DIFF]5T & SEP>ATE LIFE FROM ! PEOPLE :O HAVE POLITICAL P[] OV] Y\4 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ ,9 ,H,O,B,B,E,S' ,L,E,V,I,A,?,A,N 

,HOBBES' POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY RE/S ON TWO ASSUMPTIONS3 ?AT ! /ATE ( NATURE 7I4E4 PEOPLE )\T GOV]NM5T7 IS A /ATE ( W>1 & ?AT EV]YBODY WANTS TO AVOID DEA?4 ,HE MOVES ?R\< F\R AB/RACTIONS - ! ,/ATE ( ,NATURE1 ! ,RI<T ( ,NATURE1 ! ,LAW ( ,NATURE & ! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT - TO REA* HIS CONCLUSION ?AT ! ONLY WAY = PEOPLE TO AVOID DEA? & PROVIDE A SAFE & COM=TABLE WAY ( LIFE = !MSELVES WAS = !M TO ACKN[L$GE A P]PETUAL SOV]EIGN P[]1 AGA9/ :I* EA* ( !M WAS P[]LESS4 

,TO BE GOV]N$ 9 ,HOBBES' SY/EM IS TO ACCEPT ! P[] ( A P]SON OR GR\P OV] Y\ BECAUSE Y\ FE> ?AT1 )\T !M KEEP+ ORD]1 Y\ C\LD NOT SURVIVE4 

,! PROBLEM ) BO? ! ,PLATONIC & ! ,HOBBESIAN SOLUTION IS ?AT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( AU?ORITY ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE LOSE !IR AUTONOMY4 ,PROPON5TS ( SOCIAL CONTRACT !ORIES SU* AS ?AT ( ,R\SSEAU SAY ?AT ! SOLUTION TO ! CONFLICT BETWE5 AU?ORITY & AUTONOMY LIES 9 DEMOCRACY4 ,:AT DOES IT MEAN1 TO BE GOV]N$ BY A DEMOCRACY8 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ ,B,Y ,A ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,C,Y 

,! !ORY ( DEMOCRACY IS ?AT EV]YBODY P>TICIPATES 9 GOV]NM5T4 ,BY BE+ BO!R ! MAK]S & ! OBEY]S ( ! LAW !Y CAN COMB9E ! B5EFITS ( AU?ORITY ) ! FRE$OMS ( AUTONOMY4 ,! GOV]NM5T IS ! EXECUTOR ( ! PEOPLE'S WILL4 ,9 ',! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT' ,R\SSEAU SAYS3 

444EV]Y P]SON1 :ILE UNIT+ HIMSELF ) ALL1 444 OBEYS ONLY HIMSELF & REMA9S FREE AS BE=E4 

,H[ DOES ?IS TURN \T 9 PRACTICE8 

,9 A UNANIM\S DIRECT DEMOCRACY - A DEMOCRACY 9 :I* EV]Y LAW :I* IS PASS$ & EV]Y DECISION :I* IS MADE IS DECID$ UPON BY EV]Y P]SON 9 ! SOCIETY TO :OM IT WILL APPLY - IT W\LD BE TRUE TO SAY ?AT EV]Y P]SON UNITES ) ALL & /ILL ONLY OBEYS !MSELF4 ,?IS W\LD BE POSSIBLE ONLY 9 V]Y SMALL COMMUNITIES ( LIKE-M9D$ PEOPLE - POSSIBLY 9 KIBBUTZIM4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO SEE :AT ! MEAN+ ( AU?ORITY IS 9 SU* A SITUATION - IF PEOPLE >E OBEY+ !MSELVES !N !Y >E BE+ AUTONOM\S1 & IF !IR OP9IONS CO9CIDE & !Y ALL ACT TOGE!R1 !Y >E /ILL BE+ AUTONOM\S4 ,TO CALL CO9CID+ AUTONOMY 'AU?ORITY' IS A DUBI\S V]BAL SOLUTION - ! NOTION ( AU?ORITY IS R$UNDANT 9 A SITUATION :]E EA* P]SON OBEYS !IR [N DECISION4 

,AS SOCIETIES >E USUALLY TOO BIG = UNANIM\S DIRECT DEMOCRACY ! MORE PREVAL5T =M ( DEMOCRACY IS A REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 ,!RE >E V>I\S =MS ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1 BUT MO/ ( !M >E NEI!R TRULY REPRES5TATIVE NOR TRULY DEMOCRATIC4 

,REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY 5TAILS PEOPLE *OOS+ FROM A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( C&IDATES ! ONE :OSE G5]AL POLITICAL PLAT=M IS NE>E/ TO !IR [N4 ,ALL ! ISSUES ?AT ! 'REPRES5TATIVE' WILL BE DECID+ ON WILL NOT BE KN[N AT ! TIMES ( ! ELECTION1 & ( ?OSE ?AT >E KN[N !RE IS UNLIKELY TO BE A REPRES5TATIVE = EV]Y VIEW - LET ALONE = EV]Y COMB9ATION ( VIEWS3 

,SUPPOSE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT 9 AN ,AM]ICAN ELECTION !RE >E F\R MA9 ISSUES3 A F>M BILL1 M$ICAL C>E = ! AG$1 ! EXT5SION ( ! DRAFT1 & CIVIL RI<TS4 ,SIMPLIFY+ ! REAL WORLD CONSID]ABLY1 WE CAN SUPPOSE ?AT !RE >E ?REE ALT]NATIVE C\RSES ( ACTION S]I\SLY BE+ CONSID]$ ON ! FIR/ ISSUE1 F\R ON ! SECOND1 TWO ON ! ?IRD1 & ?REE ON ! LA/4 ,!SE >E !N #cX#dX#bX#c"7#g#b POSSIBLE /&S :I* A MAN MI<T TAKE ON !SE F\R ISSUES4.<#c.> 

,!RE=E1 IF 9 ?IS HYPO!TICAL SITUATION !RE W]E FEW] ?AN SEV5TY-TWO DIFF]5T C&IDATES !N ?IS 'REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY' DOES NOT PRES]VE ! AUTONOMY ( A UNANIM\S DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,UNANIM\S DIRECT DEMOCRACY RELIES ON EV]YBODY AGREE+ AB\T EV]Y?+4 ,?IS IS V]Y R>E4 ,AS SOON AS PEOPLE DISAGREE ! NOTION ( MAJORITY RULE IS 9TRODUC$ - EV]YBODY %\LD ABIDE BY ! DECISION ( ! MAJORITY4 ,UND] ! MAJORITY RULE ! MAJORITY RETA9 !IR AUTONOMY & ! M9ORITY 7:I* MAY BE AS MANY AS #d#i.07 HAVE TO SUBMIT TO AU?ORITY4 ,IF ! M9ORITY SUBMIT TO AU?ORITY !N !Y LOSE !IR AUTONOMY1 & IF !Y RETA9 !IR AUTONOMY BY NOT CO-OP]AT+ ) ! GOV]NM5T !N !Y D5Y ! AU?ORITY ( ?AT GOV]NM5T4 

,IF PEOPLE AGREE TO MAJORITY RULE !Y AGREE TO BE B\ND BY LAWS :I* !Y DO NOT WILL1 & !RE=E !Y AGREE TO VOLUNT>Y SLAV]Y4 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ ,9 ,G,R,E,A,T ,B,R,I,T,A,9 

,9 ?IS C\NTRY ONCE EV]Y F\R OR FIVE YE>S PEOPLE VOTE 9 A G5]AL ELECTION4 ,!Y USUALLY VOTE = ONE ( ?REE MA9 POLITICAL PLAT=MS1 :I* >E UNLIKELY TO CO9CIDE EXACTLY ) ! VIEWS MANY PEOPLE HOLD4 ,! *OICE IS N>R[ - IT IS BETWE5 ?REE V>IATIONS ( A MIX$ ECONOMY4 ,!RE IS NO RADICALLY DIFF]5T ALT]NATIVE )9 ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4 ,FREQU5TLY PEOPLE VOTE NOT = :AT !Y CONSID] TO BE ! RI<T SORT ( GOV]NM5T1 BUT = :AT APPE>S TO BE ! LEA/ WOR/ *OICE4 ,VOT+ IS AFFECT$ BY :I* !Y ?9K IS ! LEA/ WOR/ = !M P]SONALLY2 :I* !Y ?9K IS ! LEA/ WOR/ = ! NATION AS A :OLE2 & :I* !Y ?9K HAS A *ANCE ( W9N+ - !RE IS A LONG HI/ORY ( PEOPLE NOT VOT+ = ! MIDDLE P>TY BECAUSE !Y ?9K IT HAS NO *ANCE ( W9N+4 ,! DECISION IS RE/RICT$ /ILL FUR!R BY ! 9=MATION ! P>TIES *OOSE TO M>KET - (T5 ) ! AID ( AN ADV]TIS+ AG5CY4 ,POLITICS IS PACKAG$ LIKE SOAP P[D] - EA* YE> TWO MILLION P\NDS ( TAXPAY]S' MONEY GOES TO ADV]TIS+ COMPANIES4 ,REC5TLY ! CONS]VATIVE P>TY WAS PROPOS+ TO SP5D A MILLION P\NDS ON ANTI-,C4,N4,D4 ADV]TIS+4 ,POLITICS IS BIG BUS9ESS - & PEOPLE'S DECISIONS >E B\ND TO BE 9FLU5C$ BY ?OSE 9 CONTROL ( ! BUS9ESS4 

,TO BE GOV]N$ 9 A SO-CALL$ DEMOCRACY SU* AS \RS IS TO BE SOLD ! ILLUSION ?AT PEOPLE >E P>TICIPAT+ 9 DECISION-MAK+1 :IL/ 9 REALITY A SMALL HI]>*ICAL GR\P ( CAPITALI/S & POLITICIANS >E 9 CONTROL4 

,T,O ,B,E ,G,O,V,],N,$ ,B,Y ,! ,D,I,C,T,A,T,O,R,%,I,P ,( ,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T 

,REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S & ,M>XI/S ( V>I\S K9DS BELIEVE ?AT CAPITALISM & ITS ACCOMPANY+ /RUCTURE1 ! CLASS-BAS$ /ATE1 MU/ BE OV]?R[N = ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 7! WORK+ CLASS7 TO BE LIB]AT$4 ,!Y PROPOSE TO ABOLI% ! /ATE BY FIR/ CAPTUR+ IT & US+ TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 ,:5 ! WORK]S HAVE SEIZ$ CONTROL ( ! /ATE MA*9]Y !RE WILL BE A P]IOD :I* ,L59 CALLS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS WILL BE A REORGANIZ+ P]IOD1 AFT] :I* ! /ATE /RUCTURE WILL NO LONG] BE NE$$ & WILL WI!R AWAY4 

,H[EV]1 ! /ATE IS A TOOL ( ! OPPRESSOR4 ,:Y %\LD PEOPLE USE ! OPPRESSOR'S TOOL8 ,:Y %\LD !Y ABOLI% CLASS SOCIETY FROM ABOVE1 RA!R ?AN FROM BEL[8 ,! TOOL ( GOV]NM5T IS MODEL$ TO IMPLEM5T ! GOV]NM5T ( ! MANY BY ! FEW - ONCE A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY HAS SEIZ$ ?AT TOOL IS IT NOT 9 DANG] ( LOS+ ITS ID5TITY AS P>T ( ! MANY & BECOM+ ! GOV]N+ FEW8 

,! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION1 HAV+ ALWAYS BE51 BO? 9 ANCI5T & MOD]N HI/ORY 7,MAC$ONIAN EMPIRE1 ,ROMAN EMPIRE1 MOD]N ,EUROPEAN /ATES GR[N UP ON ! RU9S ( AUTONOM\S CITIES71 ! 9/RUM5T = E/ABLI%+ MONOPOLIES 9 FAVOR ( ! RUL+ M9ORITIES1 CANNOT BE MADE TO WORK = ! DE/RUCTION ( !SE MONOPOLIES4 ,! AN>*I/S CONSID]1 !RE=E1 ?AT TO H& OV] TO ! /ATE ALL ! MA9 S\RCES ( ECONOMIC LIFE - ! L&1 ! M9ES1 ! RAILWAYS1 BANK+1 9SURANCE1 & SO ON - AS ALSO ! MANAGEM5T ( ALL ! MA9 BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 9 ADDITION TO ALL ! FUNCTIONS ALREADY ACCUMULAT$ 9 ITS H&S 7$UCATION1 ,/ATE-SUPPORTS RELIGIONS1 DEF5SE ( ! T]RITORY1 ETC71 W\LD MEAN TO CREATE A NEW 9/RUM5T ( TYRANNY4.<#d.> 

,9 AN APPROXIMATE S5SE SU* WAS ! FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 

,SO TO BE GOV]N$ BY ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS TO ALL[ ! P[] :I* HAS BE5 WRE/$ FROM ONE SMALL GR\P ( PEOPLE TO BE 5TRU/$ 9 !ORY TO ! :OLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT 9 PRACTICE ONLY TO ANO!R SMALL GR\P4 

,FROM ,PLATO'S ,GU>DIANS TO ,L59'S DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 TO BE GOV]N$ MEANS = ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE TO BE SUBJECT TO ! CONTROL ( A M9ORITY4 ,TO BE GOV]N$ MEANS TO LOSE Y\R AUTONOMY & BE SUBJECT TO AN AU?ORITY ) :I* Y\ MAY OR MAY NOT AGREE4 ,IT MI<T MEAN ?AT Y\ >E WAT*$1 9SPECT$1 SPI$ UPON1 DIRECT$ 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA94444449 ,EL ,SALVADOR IT MEANS ?AT Y\ >E IMPRISON$1 JUDG$1 CONDEMN$1 %OT4 

,SO :Y DO PEOPLE WANT A GOV]NM5T8 ,MANY1 LIKE ,HOBBES1 BELIEVE ?AT IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO AVOID *AOS - !Y ?9K ?AT PEOPLE >E NATURALLY SELFI% & *AOTIC & PRONE TO KILL EA* O!R4 ,IS ?IS TRUE8 

,& :Y DO PEOPLE ?9K !Y NE$ A GOV]NM5T8 ,IS IT NOT BECAUSE !Y >E SO US$ TO HAV+ ONE ?AT !Y CANNOT IMAG9E LIFE )\T ONE8 

,IS IT ?AT !Y HAVE LIV$ SO LONG 9 SPITE ( !IR BONDS ?AT !Y ?9K !Y LIVE BECAUSE ( !M8 

,A,N,>,*,I,S,M 

,AN>*ISM IS ! ALT]NATIVE TO BE+ GOV]N$4 ,AN>*ISM MEANS1 SIMPLY1 ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! WORD 'AN>*Y' HELD CONNOTATIONS ( *AOS1 DISORD] & CONFLICT DUE TO ! ,HOBBESIAN NOTION ?AT )\T GOV]NM5T PEOPLE W\LD BE *AOTIC4 

,9 ! ,5GLI% & ,FR5* REVOLUTIONS ( ! SEV5TE5? & EI<TE5? C5TURIES ! T]M 'AN>*I/' WAS US$ AS AN 9SULT1 TO SUGGE/ ?AT REVOLUTION>IES WANT$ AN>*Y 9 ! S5SE ( *AOS4 ,!N FROM #ahd ONW>DS1 FOLL[+ ,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON1 PEOPLE />T$ CALL+ !MSELVES AN>*I/S1 BELIEV+ ?AT ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T NE$ NOT MEAN *AOS & CONFUSION BUT C\LD ACTUALLY BE MU* BETT] = SOCIETY ?AN ! PRES5CE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,AN>*ISM IS A DEVELOPM5T ( LIB]ALISM & SOCIALISM4 ,! LIB]AL TRADITION IS CONC]N$ ) ! A*IEVEM5T ( FRE$OM1 ! SOCIALI/ TRADITION IS CONC]N$ ) ! A*IEVEM5T ( EQUALITY3 AN>*ISM MA9TA9S ?AT BO? MU/ BE ATTA9$ TOGE!R4 ,FRE$OM )\T EQUALITY LEAVES ! POOR WEAK & LESS FREE ?AN ! RI<T & /RONG1 :IL/ EQUALITY )\T FRE$OM MAKES US ALL SLAVES TOGE!R4 ,FRE$OM )\T EQUALITY IS NOT REALLY FRE$OM1 & EQUALITY )\T FRE$OM IS NOT REALLY EQUALITY4 ,AN>*ISM >OSE FROM ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 LIB]ALISM & SOCIALISM4 

,! BIG DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN>*ISM & EI!R LIB]ALISM OR SOCIALISM IS ?AT BO? LIB]ALS & SOCIALI/S DEP5D ON ! IDEA ( GOV]NM5T4 ,AN>*ISM MA9TA9S ?AT FRE$OM & EQUALITY CANNOT BE A*IEV$ )9 A SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T BECAUSE GOV]NM5T IS1 BY DEF9ITION1 ! CONTROL ( PEOPLE BY AN AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE4 

,!RE IS A COMMON ASSUMPTION ?AT )\T GOV]NM5T MOD]N CIVILIZATION W\LD CRUMBLE4 ,MANY PEOPLE ASSUME ?AT AN>*ISM IS A K9D ( DISORGANIZ$ SPONTANEITY4 

,?IS IS ! REV]SE ( ! TRU?4 ,AN>*I/S ACTUALLY WANT MU* MORE ORGANIZATION1 ?\< ORGANIZATION )\T AU?ORITY4 ,! PREJUDICE AB\T AN>*ISM D]IVES FROM A PREJUDICE AB\T ORGANIZATION2 PEOPLE CANNOT SEE ?AT ORGANIZATION DOES NOT DEP5D ON AU?ORITY1 ?AT IT ACTUALLY WORKS BE/ )\T AU?ORITY4.<#e.> 

,:5 COMPULSION IS REPLAC$ BY CONS5T !RE WILL BE A NE$ = MORE ORGANIZATION ?AN EV] BE=E - MORE DISCUSSION & MORE PLANN+ - BECAUSE !RE WILL BE SO MANY PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS4 ,ORGANIZATION WILL TAKE UP MORE TIME1 BUT ! RESULT WILL BE CLOS] TO ! FEEL+S & NE$S ( ! PEOPLE CONC]N$4 

,AN>*ISM WILL LEAD TO MORE COMPLEX ORGANIZATION1 BUT IT WILL DO AWAY ) BUREAUCRACY4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ ! BUREAUCRATIC 9/RUM5T ( ONE GR\P IMPOS+ UPON ANO!R1 ORGANIZATION WILL BE ! 9T]*ANGE ( IDEAS BETWE5 EV]YBODY :O IS 9VOLV$ 9 :AT IS BE+ ORGANIZ$4 

,AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT NECESS>ILY COMPETITIVE BE+S1 BUT >E CAPABLE ( WORK+ TOGE!R = ! COMMON GOOD3 

,! PR9CIPLE ( ,E,A,* ,= ,H,I,M,S,E,L,F1 :I* IS ! W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL1 >OSE 9 ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY TO COMPLICATE1 TO SIDETRACK & P>ALYZE ! WALL ( ALL AGA9/ NATURE = ! GREATE/ WELLBE+ ( MANK9D :I* CAN BE COMPLETELY SUCCESSFUL ONLY :5 BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ,A,L,L ,= ,O,N,E ,& ,O,N,E ,= ,A,L,L4.<#f.> 

,WORK+ TOGE!R 9 COOP]ATION RA!R ?AN BE+ CO]C$ 9TO DO+ ?+S W\LD MAKE WORK & EV]Y O!R ASPECT ( LIFE MORE MEAN+FUL & MORE 5JOYABLE = EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL4 

,AN>*ISM COMB9ES ! NOTION ( SOLID>ITY ) ! NOTION ( EA* P]SON HAV+ CONTROL OV] !IR [N LIFE4 ,PEOPLE W\LD HAVE A CLE> UND]/&+ ( :AT !Y >E DO+1 & ONLY DO :AT !Y WANT TO DO & :AT !Y ?9K IS RI<T1 RA!R ?AN BE SWEPT ALONG BL9DLY AS !Y HAVE BE5 9 ! PA/4 

,UNTIL N[ ALL HUMAN HI/ORY HAS BE5 ONLY A P]PETUAL & BLOODY IMMOLATION ( MILLIONS ( POOR HUMAN BE+S 9 HONOR ( SOME PITILESS AB/RACTION - ,GOD1 C\NTRY1 P[] ( /ATE1 NATIONAL HONOR1 HI/ORICAL RI<TS1 JUDICIAL RI<TS1 POLITICAL LIB]TY1 PUBLIC WELF>E4.<#g.> 

,LIKE ,M>X1 AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT PEOPLE HAVE BE5 ALI5AT$ BY WAGE LABOR & US$ AS PAWNS BY ! *UR* & POLITICIANS AS WELL AS CAPITALI/S4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S PHRASES ( AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE IS ,PR\DHON'S 0,P,R,O,P,],T,Y ,I,S ,!,F,T04 ,?IS S5TIM5T WAS NOT NEW - IT HAD BE5 P>T ( ! ,DIGG]S' \TCRY 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY3 

,! S9 ( PROP]TY WE DO DISDA91 

,NO MAN HAS ANY RI<T TO BUY & SELL ! E>? = PRIVATE GA91 

,BY !FT & MURD] !Y TOOK ! L&1 

,N[ EV]Y:]E ! WALLS SPR+ UP AT !IR COMM&4 

,PR\DHON & ! ,DIGG]S BE=E HIM BELIEV$ ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL HAS A RI<T TO OCCUPANCY 9 ! PRODUCTS ( !IR [N LABOR1 BUT NO FUR!R - & ALSO ?AT NOBODY HAS ! RI<T TO MISUSE EI!R !IR [N ( ANYBODY ELSE'S PRODUCTS1 EI!R BY EXPROPRIAT+1 DE/ROY+ OR =C+ !M TO PRODUCE SOME?+ :I* !IR RI<TFUL POSSESSORS DO NOT LIKE OR WANT4 ,?US PROP]TY UND] CAPITALISM IS !FT1 BECAUSE WORK]S >E /RIPP$ ( ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR4 

,TO A*IEVE AN>*ISM ! PEOPLE MU/ SEIZE CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BY SOCIAL REVOLUTION - &1 RA!R ?AN H&+ !M OV] TO A SOCIALI/ /ATE1 !Y MU/ DE/ROY ! /ATE APP>ATUS & REORGANIZE PRODUCTION ON ! BASIS ( COMMON [N]%IP4 

,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S BASE !IR CASE PURELY 9 ! WORKPLACE4 ,! ,FR5* WORD 'SYNDICALISM' SIMPLY MEANS TRADE UNIONISM4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S TODAY WORK )9 ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T & AIM TO UNDO ! HI]>*IES :I* HAVE EVOLV$ )9 TRADE UNIONS & MAKE EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL MEMB] EQUALLY IMPORTANT & EQUALLY ACTIVE - ?US PREP>+ ! GR\ND = AN AN>*I/ WORK]S' REVOLUTION4 

,! >GUM5T AGA9/ SYNDICALISM IS ?AT1 LIKE ,M>XISM1 IT SEES EV]Y?+ 9 T]MS ( ! WORKPLACE & CLASS /RUGGLE - :]EAS MANY PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE JOBS & !RE >E MANY O!R CRUCIAL /RUGGLES SU* AS ! WOM5'S /RUGGLE & ! /RUGGLES ( RACIAL M9ORITIES )9 A C\NTRY4 

,MANY AN>*I/S 9VOLVE !MSELVES 9 A BROAD SPECTRUM ( /RUGGLES O!R ?AN TRADE UNIONISM - SU* AS ANTI-MILIT>ISM1 RACIAL & SEXUAL EQUALITY1 & CIVIL LIB]TIES 9 G5]AL4 

,SOME ME?ODS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE ) :I* AN>*I/S >E P>TICUL>LY ID5TIFI$ >E PROPAG&A BY DE$1 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & DIRECT ACTION4 

,PROPAG&A BY DE$ MEANS DEMON/RATIONS & UPRIS+S :I* >E SYMBOLIC ACTIONS DESIGN$ TO W9 USEFUL PUBLICITY4 ,AFT] A WAVE ( VIOL5T ACTS BY 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S DUR+ ! #a#h#iS ?IS ME?OD BECAME ID5TIFI$ ) VIOL5CE1 BUT !RE IS NO REASON :Y IT %\LD BE4 ,AN>*ISM IS (T5 ASSOCIAT$ 9 PEOPLE'S M9DS ) VIOL5CE1 BUT V]Y FEW AN>*I/S >E COMMIT VIOL5T DE$S & SOME AN>*I/S >E PACIFI/S4 ,! P]C5TAGE ( AN>*I/S :O HAVE US$ VIOL5T MEANS IS NO MORE ?AN ?AT ( O!R POLITICAL GR\PS4 

,CIVIL DISOB$I5CE IS A P>TICUL> K9D ( PROPAG&A BY DE$ :I* 9VOLVES ! OP5 & DELIB]ATE BREAK+ ( A LAW 9 ORD] TO GA9 PUBLICITY4 

,DIRECT ACTION US$ TO MEAN ! OPPOSITE ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION4 ,9 ! CONTEXT ( ! UNIONS IT MEANS :AT IS N[ MORE (T5 CALL$ 09DU/RIAL0 ACTION4 ,! PO9T IS ?AT ! ACTION IS APPLI$ DIRECTLY BY ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 A SITUATION1 RA!R ?AN 9DIRECTLY BY REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! AIM IS TO W9 SOME MEASURE ( SUCCESS RA!R ?AN M]E PUBLICITY4 

,SO AN>*ISM IS NOT M]ELY A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY BUT A PRACTICAL ALT]NATIVE TO GOV]NM5T :I* PEOPLE CAN />T TO IMPLEM5T N[4 

,MANY AN>*I/S GET ANNOY$ ) PHILOSOPHICAL AN>*I/S :O BELIEVE ?AT AN>*ISM IS A NICE IDEAL BUT NOT REALLY A*IEVABLE & >E !RE=E HAPPY TO TALK & WRITE AB\T AN>*ISM BUT NOT WORK T[>DS IT4 ,H[ DO WE KN[ :AT IS A*IEVABLE UNTIL WE />T TO WORK T[>DS IT8 

,AS ,M>X SAID1 

,PHILOSOPH]S HAVE ONLY ,9,T,],P,R,E,T,$ ! WORLD1 9 V>I\S WAYS2 ! PO9T1 H[EV]1 IS TO *ANGE IT4.<#h.> 

,ONE REASON :Y SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE ?AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY IS NOT A*IEVABLE IS ?AT !Y BELIEVE 9 SOME?+ :I* !Y CALL 0HUMAN NATURE04 ,!Y SAY1 0,HUMAN NATURE IS ACQUISITIVE10 & 0,HUMAN NATURE IS COMPETITIVE40 ,BUT NOBODY CAN REALLY KN[ !SE ?+S4 ,ALL WE KN[ IS :AT PEOPLE >E LIKE 9 ! SOCIETY 9 :I* WE SEE !M - & 9 AN ACQUISITIVE & COMPETITIVE SOCIETY PEOPLE >E1 ON ! :OLE1 ACQUISITIVE & COMPETITIVE4 ,!RE >E EMPIRICAL REASONS = ?IS4 ,IT DOES NOT PROVE ?AT PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS BE LIKE ?IS4 

,MANY ( PEOPLE'S BELIEFS >E =C$ ON !M BY ! IDEOLOGY ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,:Y ELSE W\LD !Y FI<T & DIE = :AT ,BAKUN9 CALLS 0PITILESS AB/RACTIONS08 ,:Y ELSE W\LD ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ONE C\NTRY FI<T ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ANO!R C\NTRY1 9/EAD ( !M ALL FI<T+ !IR OPPRESSORS8 

,WE DO NOT KN[ ( ANY SU* ?+ AS 0HUMAN NATURE04 ,IT IS US$ LIKE ,HOBBES' 0/ATE ( NATURE0 - A FICTIONAL DEVICE DRESS$ UP AS HI/ORY & US$ TO 5DORSE ! /ATUS QUO4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT ! /ATUS QUO IS USUALLY 5DORS$ BY SAY+ ?AT ?+S C\LD BE MU* WORSE )\T ! PRES5T SY/EM1 RA!R ?AN SAY+ ?AT ! PRES5T SY/EM IS A GOOD ?+4 

,SOME PEOPLE SAY ?AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD BE UN/ABLE4 ,W\LD IT8 ,& IF IT W]E1 W\LD ?AT NECESS>ILY BE A BAD ?+8 ,:AT DOES 9/ABILITY MEAN8 

,KROPOTK9 SEES ! FLEXIBILITY ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY AS AN ADVANTAGE RA!R ?AN A PROBLEM3 

444SU* A SOCIETY W\LD REPRES5T NO?+ IMMUTABLE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y - AS IS SE5 9 ORGANIC LIFE AT L>GE - H>MONY W\LD 7IT IS CONT5D$7 RESULT FROM AN EV]-*ANG+ ADJU/M5T & READJU/M5T ( EQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! MULTITUDES ( =CES & 9FLU5CES1 & ?IS ADJU/M5T W\LD BE ! EASI] TO OBTA9 AS NONE ( ! =CES W\LD 5JOY A SPECIAL PROTECTION FROM ! /ATE4.<#i.> 

,:5 !RE IS NO LONG] GOV]NM5T1 IRRELEVANT TRADITIONS :I* HAVE BECOME FOSSILIZ$ 9 \R WAY ( LIFE WILL BE DISP5S$ )4 ,9/EAD ( AN ANOMAL\S JUMBLE ( PA/ & PRES5T WE %ALL HAVE A SOCIETY :I* IS A TRUE REFLECTION ( ! PEOPLE 9 IT AT ANY P>TICUL> TIME4 

,CRITICS ( AN>*ISM (T5 ASK1 0,:AT AB\T LAW & ORD]80 ,!Y >E CONC]N$ ?AT )\T 0LAW & ORD]0 EV]Y?+ W\LD GO WRONG4 ,BUT :AT IS ?IS LAW & ORD] ?AT !Y TALK SO HI<LY (8 ,IT IS ! LAWS ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 IMPOS$ BY ! POLICE TO DEF5D ! /ATUS QUO4 ,!SE LAWS FREQU5TLY DO NOT HAVE A VALUE 9 !MSELVES1 BUT >E MODEL$ TO DEF5D ! RUL+ CLASS & MO/ P>TICUL>LY TO DEF5D ITS PROP]TY FROM ?OSE :O ?9K IT %\LD BE DI/RIBUT$ MORE FAIRLY4 ,AS ! ,DIGG]S SAID1 

,!Y MAKE !IR LAWS TO *A9 US WELL444 

,& !SE LAWS CAN BE ALT]$ :5 !Y NO LONG] SUIT ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y ?IS YE> ! LAW WAS ALT]$ CONC]N+ ,GRE5HAM ,COMMON - ! DE$S ( ! L& W]E REVOK$ 9 AN ATTEMPT TO /OP ! WOM5'S PROTE/ AGA9/ CRUISE MISSILES4 ,A SIMIL> 9CID5T OCCURR$ TO /OP ! ,DIGG]S 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY :5 COMMON L& WAS 5CLOS$4 

,PEOPLE ALSO ASK3 0,:AT AB\T EX*ANGE80 & MANY O!R IMPORTANT QUE/IONS AB\T H[ AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY WILL RUN4 ,! ONLY ANSW] IS ?AT NOBODY KN[S4 ,! :OLE PO9T AB\T AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY IS ?AT IT WILL BE :AT ITS MEMB]S WANT IT TO BE4 ,SO NOBODY CAN PRESCRIBE :AT IT WILL BE LIKE4 ,IT WILL EVOLVE =M ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( ALL ITS MEMB]S4 

,AN>*ISM IS ! MO/ RADICAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT IS EASI] TO SAY :AT IT WILL NOT BE ?AN :AT IT WILL BE - IT WILL NOT BE A SY/EM ) A GOV]NM5T1 BUT :AT IT WILL BE WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ! PEOPLE :O MAKE IT4 

,IT IS A PHILOSOPHY :I* COMB9ES AUTONOMY & SOLID>ITY BY PUTT+ FAI? 9 PEOPLE RA!R ?AN 9/ITUTIONS4 

,AN>*ISM IS (T5 DESCRIB$ AS DE/RUCTIVE4 ,IT IS DE/RUCTIVE ONLY ( GOV]NM5T1 BUREAUCRACY1 CLASSES1 CLASS-BAS$ LAWS1 B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY1 PROP]TY /OL5 FROM ! WAGE-SLAVE - I4E4 IT IS DE/RUCTIVE ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE APP>ATUS - :I* MU/ BE DE/ROY$ BE=E PEOPLE CAN BE FREE & EQUAL4 

.<#a.> ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON1 9 ,NOZICK'S ,AN>*Y1 ,/ATE & ,UTOPIA P4 #aa 

.<#b.> ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 9 ,WOODCOCK'S ,AN>*ISM P4 #gf 

.<#c.> ,ROB]T ,PAUL ,WOLFF1 ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ,AN>*ISM P4 #cc 

.<#d.> ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,AN>*ISM 9 ,! ,ESS5TIAL ,KROPOTK9 P4 #ai 

.<#e.> ,NI*OLAS ,WALT]1 ,AB\T ,AN>*ISM P4 #g 

.<#f.> ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,AN>*Y P4 #bi 

.<#g.> ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,GOD & ! ,/ATE P4 #ei 

.<#h.> ,K>L ,M>X1 ,!SES ON ,FEU]BA* 

.<#i.> ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,AN>*ISM 9 ,! ,ESS5TIAL ,KROPOTK9 P4 #ah 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#i1 #bba 3 ,DO WE NE$ OR WANT ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T8 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,DO WE NE$ OR WANT ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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