,PREFACE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

,P,R,E,F,A,C,E 

  

,A BOOK ?IS SIZE IS UNUSUAL N[ADAYS4 ,IT WAS C]TA9LY NOT MY 9ITIAL PLAN4 ,:5 ,I FIR/ DECID$ TO BEG9 WRIT+ UP SOME ( MY EXP]I5CES ( DIRECT ACTION FROM AN E?NOGRAPHIC P]SPECTIVE1 ,I ACTUALLY HAD 9T5D$ TO WRITE A FAIRLY %ORT BOOK4 ,BUT ! MORE ,I WROTE1 ! MORE ! TOPIC SEEM$ TO GR[4 ,I REALIZ$ ,I WAS FAC$ ) A COMMON DILEMMA ( E?NOGRAPHIC WRIT+3 PO9TS ?AT SEEM SIMPLE & OBVI\S TO ANYONE :O HAS SP5T YE>S 9SIDE A GIV5 CULTURAL UNIV]SE REQUIRE A GREAT DEAL ( 9K TO CONVEY TO SOMEONE :O HASN'T4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> HAD HAPP5$ TO ME :5 ,I RETURN$ TO ,*ICAGO FROM MY DISS]TATION RESE>* 9 ,MADAGASC>1 MANY YE>S AGO4 ,I REMEMB] FRETT+ OV] JU/ H[ MU* ,I HAD TO SAY4 ,I FELT ,I HAD AT BE/ TWO OR ?REE REALLY 9T]E/+ PO9TS TO MAKE AB\T ! COMMUNITY ,I'D BE5 /UDY+4 ,!N ! MOM5T ,I />T$ WRIT+1 ,I REALIZ$ ?AT TO EXPLA9 ANY ONE ( ?OSE PO9TS TO SOMEONE :O WAS NOT !MSELVES FROM A RURAL ,MALAGASY COMMUNITY W\LD REQUIRE SEV]AL HUNDR$ PAGES4 ,BY ! TIME ,I WAS DONE WRIT+1 ,I ALSO REALIZ$ ?AT MO/ READ]S W\LD PROBABLY F9D ! EXPOSITION MU* MORE 9T]E/+1 ALL 9 ALL1 ?AN :ATEV] ,I ORIG9ALLY ?\<T WAS ! 0PO9T40 

,CALL ?IS BOOK1 !N1 A TRIBUTE TO ! CONT9U$ RELEVANCE ( E?NOGRAPHIC WRIT+4 ,BY 0E?NOGRAPHIC WRIT+10 ,I MEAN ! K9D ?AT AIMS TO DESCRIBE ! CONT\RS ( A SOCIAL & CONCEPTUAL UNIV]SE 9 A WAY ?AT IS AT ONCE !ORETICALLY 9=M$1 BUT NOT1 9 ITSELF1 SIMPLY DESIGN$ TO ADVOCATE A S+LE >GUM5T OR !ORY4 ,!RE WAS A TIME :5 ! DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION ( A POLITICAL OR C]EMONIAL OR EX*ANGE SY/EM 9 ,AFRICA OR ,AMAZONIA WAS CONSID]$ A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO HUMAN KN[L$GE 9 ITSELF4 ,?IS IS NO LONG] REALLY ! CASE4 ,AN AN?ROPOLOGI/ ACTUALLY FROM ,AFRICA OR ,AMAZONIA1 OR EV5 SOME P>TS ( ,EUROPE1 MI<T /ILL BE ABLE TO GET AWAY ) WRIT+ SU* A BOOK4 ,PRES5TLY1 ! ACADEMIC CONV5TION 9 ,AM]ICA 7:I* A Y\NG S*OL> W\LD BE UNWISE TO IGNORE7 IS ?AT ONE MU/ PRET5D ONE'S DESCRIPTION IS REALLY MEANT TO MAKE SOME L>G] PO9T4 ,?IS SEEMS UN=TUNATE TO ME4 ,= ONE ?+1 ,I ?9K IT LIMITS A BOOK'S POT5TIAL TO 5DURE OV] TIME4 ,CLASSIC E?NOGRAPHIES1 AFT] ALL1 CAN BE RE9T]PRET$4 ,NEW ONES--H[EV] FASC9AT+--R>ELY PRES5T 5\< MAT]IAL TO ALL[ ?IS2 & :AT !RE IS T5DS TO BE /RICTLY ORGANIZ$ >\ND A SPECIFIC >GUM5T OR RELAT$ S]IES ( !M4 

,!RE=E1 LET ME W>N ! READ] IMM$IATELY3 !RE IS NO P>TICUL> >GUM5T TO ?IS BOOK--UNLESS IT'S1 ?AT ! MOVEM5T DESCRIB$ )9 IS WELL WOR? ?9K+ AB\T4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN IT DOES NOT CONTA9 !ORETICAL >GUM5TS4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( IT1 ,I MAKE ANY NUMB] ( !M3 :E!R AB\T ! IDEOLOGICAL ROLE ( L>GE HEAVY OBJECTS1 ! POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ( ! WORD 0OP9ION10 ! SIMIL>ITY ( WRIT+ NEWS /ORIES & ,HOM]IC EPIC COMPOSITION1 OR ! COSMOLOGICAL ROLE ( ! POLICE 9 ,AM]ICAN CULTURE4 ,:AT MAKES ?IS AN E?NOGRAPHIC WORK 9 ! CLASSIC S5SE ( ! T]M IS ?AT1 AS ,FRANZ ,BOAS ONCE PUT IT1 ! G5]AL IS 9 ! S]VICE ( ! P>TICUL>--ASIDE1 P]HAPS1 FROM ! F9AL REFLECTIONS4 ,!ORY IS 9VOK$ L>GELY TO AID 9 ! ULTIMATE TASK ( DESCRIPTION4 ,AN>*I/S & DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGNS DO NOT EXI/ TO ALL[ SOME ACADEMIC TO MAKE A !ORETICAL PO9T OR PROVE SOME RIVAL'S !ORY WRONG 7ANY MORE ?AN DO ,BAL9ESE TRANCE RITUALS OR ,&EAN IRRIGATION TE*NOLOGIES71 & IT /RIKES ME AS OBNOXI\S TO SUGGE/ O!RWISE4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO ?9K ?AT1 AS A RESULT1 ! 9T]E/ ( ?IS BOOK MI<T ALSO 5DURE NOT ONLY = ?OSE MOTIVAT$ BY HI/ORICAL CURIOSITY1 :O WI% TO UND]/& :AT IT WAS ACTUALLY LIKE TO HAVE BE5 9 ! MIDDLE ( !SE EV5TS1 BUT TO ASK ! SAME SORT ( QUE/IONS ! ACTORS 9 IT W]E RAIS+1 AB\T ! NATURE ( DEMOCRACY1 AUTONOMY1 & POSSIBILITIES--OR = ?AT MATT]1 DILEMMAS1 LIMITATIONS--( /RATEGIES ( TRANS=MATIVE POLITICAL ACTION4 

,S,O,M,E ,W,O,R,D,S ,( ,H,I,/,O,R,I,C,A,L ,C,O,N,T,E,X,T 

  

,5\< TIME HAS PASS$ S9CE ! BREA?LESS DAYS ( #b & #ba ?AT ONE CAN BEG91 P]HAPS1 TO SEE ?AT HI/ORICAL MOM5T 9 A LITTLE BIT ( P]SPECTIVE4 ,?AT P]IOD1 IT IS N[ CLE>1 M>K$ A C]TA9 WAT]%$ = GLOBAL NEOLIB]ALISM4 ,!SE W]E ! YE>S 9 :I* ! 0,WA%+TON ,CONS5SUS0 ( ! #a#i#iS WAS %ATT]$4 ,IT HAPP5$ V]Y QUICKLY4 ,9 FACT IT IS A TE/IMONY TO ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( DIRECT ACTION ?AT IT TOOK ONLY AB\T ?REE YE>S ( L>GE-SCALE POPUL> MOBILIZATIONS 9 ORD] TO DO SO4 

,IT IS SOMETIMES H>D TO REMEMB]1 N[ADAYS1 JU/ :AT ! DAYS ( ! ,WA%+TON ,CONS5SUS W]E LIKE4 ,P]HAPS IT MI<T BE BE/ TO />T !N ) A WORD ( CONTEXT1 TO HELP UND]/& :Y IT WAS ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/A REBELLION 9 #aiid S]V$ AS SU* A CATALY/ = ! GLOBAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM ?AT FOLL[$1 & :Y ?AT MOVEM5T CAME TO TAKE ! =M IT DID4 

,! ,M,O,M,5,T,>,Y ,S,U,S,P,5,S,I,O,N ,( ,H,I,/,O,R,Y 

  

,! YE>S JU/ BE=E ! ,ZAPATI/A REBELLION 9 ,*IAPAS ANN\NC$ ITSELF TO ! WORLD W]E PROBABLY ! MO/ DEPRESS+ TIME TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y--OR EV51 D$ICAT$ TO ! IDEALS ( ! ,LEFT--9 LIV+ MEMORY4 ,IT WASN'T ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,/AL9I/ REGIMES 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE ?AT WAS DEPRESS+2 MO/ RADICALS W]E GLAD TO SEE !M GO4 ,:AT WAS DEPRESS+ WAS :AT HAPP5$ AFT]W>DS4 ,) ,/AL9ISM DEAD1 MO/ ,M>XI/S EXPECT$ TO SEE A R5AISSANCE ( MORE HUMANE =MS ( ,M>XISM4 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRATS BELIEV$ ?AT !Y HAD F9ALLY WON ! >GUM5T ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT & EXPECT$ TO %EPH]D ! =M] SUBJECTS ( ! ,SOVIET BLOC 9TO !IR FOLD2 A REASONABLE EXPECTATION1 S9CE :5 POLL$1 MO/ ( ! POPULATION ( ,C5TRAL & ,EA/]N ,EUROPE SAID !Y WANT$ TO MODEL !IR NEW ECONOMIES ON ,SW$54 ,9/EAD1 !Y GOT %OCK !RAPY & ! MO/ SAVAGE =M ( UNRE/RICT$ CAPITALISM4 ,9 ALMO/ EV]Y WAY1 ! WORLD SEEM$ TO BE HEAD+ = A NI<TM>E SC5>IO4 ,! ROMANTIC IMAGE ( ! GU]RILLA 9SURRECTION>Y1 :I* CAPTUR$ SO MANY IMAG9ATIONS 9 ! #a#i#fS1 WAS CASCAD+ 9TO A K9D ( OBSC5E SELF-P>ODY4 ,ALREADY 9 ! #a#i#hS1 ! ,RI<T1 :I* HAD BE5 >GU+ = YE>S ?AT GU]RILLA 9SURG5CIES 9 PLACES LIKE ,VIETNAM1 OR ,ZIMBABWE1 OR ,EL ,SALVADOR W]E NOT SPONTANE\S BUT FI5DI% S*EMES CREAT$ BY =EIGN IDEOLOGUES1 BEGAN TO PUT !IR [N !ORIES 9TO PRACTICE1 ) ! ,U,S & ,S\? ,AFRICAN 9TELLIG5CE AG5CIES CREAT+ GU]RILLA >MIES LIKE ! CONTRAS OR ,R,5,A,M,O TO SIC ON LEFTI/ REGIMES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 EXI/+ ,M>XI/ GU]RILLA MOVEM5TS FROM ,COLUMBIA TO ,ANGOLA ?AT HAD BEGUN FULL ( HI<-M9D$ RHETORIC W]E 9CREAS+LY PRONE TO BECOME PURE B&IT K+S1 OR NIHILI/IC >MIES )\T ANY CAUSE BEYOND !IR [N REBELLION 7?OSE :I* HELD TO ! OLD IDEAL ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 LIKE ! ,%9+ ,PA? 9 ,P]U1 SEEM$ IF ANY?+ EV5 WORSE74 ,LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS EV]Y:]E W]E TRANS=M+ 9TO VICI\S E?NIC W>S4 ,!N CAME ! WAVE ( G5OCIDE1 ( :I* ,RW&A & ! =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA W]E ONLY ! MO/ DRAMATIC & VISIBLE4 

,ON A DOZ5 9T]LOCK+ REGI/]S SIMULTANE\SLY1 ! EM]G+ PATT]N SEEM$ CATA/ROPHIC4 ,IT SEEM$ LIKE IT W\LD GO SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 ,ON AN 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL1 CAPITALISM WAS TRANS=M+ ITSELF 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y =CE4 ,AB&ON+ ! WELF>E-/ATE V]SION ( CAPITALISM ?AT HAD ACTUALLY WON ! ,COLD ,W>1 ! OLD ,COLD ,W>RIORS & !IR CORPORATE SPONSORS W]E DEM&+ A PURE1 NO-HOLDS-B>R$1 FREE-M>KET V]SION ?AT HAD NEV] ACTUALLY EXI/$1 & W]E WILL+ TO WREAK HAVOC ON ALL EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONAL SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE IT4 ,ALL ?IS 9VOLV$ A K9D ( WEIRD 9V]SION4 ,! /&>D RI<T-W+ L9E1 S9CE AT LEA/ ! #a#g#iS1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 ?AT REVOLUTION>Y DREAMS W]E DANG]\S PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y W]E UTOPIAN3 !Y IGNOR$ ! REAL COMPLEXITY ( SOCIAL LIFE1 TRADITION1 AU?ORITY1 & HUMAN NATURE1 & DREAM$ ( RE%AP+ ! WORLD ACCORD+ TO SOME AB/RACT IDEAL4 ,BY ! #a#i#iS1 ! PLACES HAD BE5 COMPLETELY REV]S$4 ,! ,LEFT HAD L>GELY AB&ON$ UTOPIANISM 7& ! MORE IT DID SO1 ! MORE IT %RIVEL$ & COLLAPS$71 & EV5 AS !Y DID SO1 ! ,RI<T PICK$ IT UP4 ,FREE-M>KET 0RE=M]S0 OV]NI<T BEGAN DECL>+ !MSELVES REVOLUTION>IES--! PROBLEM WAS1 !Y DID SO AS ! WOR/ SORTS ( ,/AL9I/S1 ESS5TIALLY TELL+ ! WORLD'S POOR ?AT SCI5CE HAD PROV$ !RE WAS ONLY ONE WAY TO GO =W>D 9 HI/ORY1 ?AT ?IS WAS UND]/OOD BY A SCI5TIFICALLY TRA9$ ELITE1 & ?AT1 !RE=E1 !Y HAD TO %UT UP & DO AS !Y W]E TOLD BECAUSE1 EV5 ?\< !IR PRESCRIPTIONS MI<T CAUSE 5ORM\S SUFF]+1 DEA?1 & DISLOCATION 9 ! PRES5T1 AT SOME PO9T 9 ! FUTURE 7!Y W]E NOT SURE QUITE :57 IT W\LD ALL LEAD TO A P>ADISE ( PEACE & PROSP]ITY4 ,! FACT ?AT ! 0SCI5CE0 ITSELF HAD %IFT$ FROM HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM TO FREE-M>KET ECONOMICS WAS A FAIRLY M9OR DETAIL2 ANYWAY1 IT MAKES IT EASI] TO EXPLA9 H[ =M] ,/AL9I/S FROM ,ROMANIA TO ,VIETNAM F\ND IT SO EASY TO SIMPLY SWIT* HATS & DECL>E !MSELVES NEOLIB]ALS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 AS /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T POLICIES /RIPP$ AWAY :AT SMALL SOCIAL PROTECTIONS HAD EXI/$ = ! POORE/ 9HABITANTS ( ! PLANET1 PROPAG&A & /ATI/ICAL MANIPULATION HAD BECOME SO EFFECTIVE ?AT MO/ MA9/REAM ,AM]ICANS :O PAID ATT5TION TO SU* MATT]S W]E CONV9C$ ?AT CONDITIONS = ! WORLD'S POORE/ W]E ACTUALLY IMPROV+1 & NOT JU/ 9 >EAS LIKE ,EA/ ,ASIA ?AT HAD MO/LY REFUS$ TO ADOPT NEOLIB]AL POLICIES4 

,EV]Y PROGRESSIVE VICTORY SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 ?REAT5$ OR REV]S$4 ,9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 G5]ATIONS ( /RUGGLE HAD F9ALLY ELIM9AT$ RACIAL AP>!ID2 A MOM5T ( HAPP9ESS1 C]TA9LY1 BUT AN ALMO/ ID5TICAL SY/EM WAS BE+ CREAT$ ON A GLOBAL SCALE1 BAS$ ON 9CREAS+LY MILIT>IZ$ BORD]S1 & ON A LABOR MIGRATION REGIME :]E1 = ?OSE TRAPP$ 9 POOR C\NTRIES1 RESID5CE 9 RI*1 L>GELY :ITE C\NTRIES WAS DEP5D5T ON POSSESSION ( ID5TITY PAP]S & WILL+NESS TO WORK 9 JOBS ! RESID5TS !MSELVES W]5'T WILL+ TO DO4 ,FEM9ISM WAS BE+ RETR5*$4 ,=M] VICTORIES OV] SWEAT%OP LABOR1 *ILD LABOR1 EV5 *ATTEL SLAV]Y1 W]E ALL BE+ ]OD$ OR D[NRI<T ]ADICAT$4 

,MU* ( ! PROBLEM /EMM$ PRECISELY FROM ! R\T ( ! DREAM ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & ?OSE UTOPIAN FANTASIES ?AT HAD ALWAYS BE5 NECESS>Y TO 9SPIRE PEOPLE TO ! PASSION & SELF-SACRIFICE REQUIR$ TO ACTUALLY WORK TO TRANS=M ! WORLD 9 ! DIRECTION ( GREAT] FRE$OM & GREAT] EQUALITY4 ,I AM REF]R+ H]E TO G5U9E1 LIV+ UTOPIANISM--! IDEA ?AT RADICAL ALT]NATIVES >E POSSIBLE & ?AT ONE CAN BEG9 TO CREATE !M 9 ! PRES5T--AS OPPOS$ TO :AT MI<T BE CALL$ 0SCI5TIFIC UTOPIANISM03 ! IDEA ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y IS ! AG5T ( ! 9EVITABLE M>* ( HI/ORY1 :I* WAS SO EASILY1 & CATA/ROPHICALLY1 APPROPRIAT$ BY ! ,RI<T4 ,! MURD] ( DREAMS C\LD ONLY LEAD TO NI<TM>ES4 ,IT MADE IT ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO =M A C5T] FROM :I* TO FI<T ! 9CURSIONS ( ! 7N[ SUP]-*>G$1 REVOLUTION>Y7 ,RI<T4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES 9 ,EUROPE1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* W]E BORN FROM A RE=MI/ /RA9 ( ,M>XISM1 FIR/ SEEM$ RA!R PLEAS$ ) ! COLLAPSE ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y C\S9S--!Y HAD F9ALLY WON ! >GUM5T--UNTIL !Y REALIZ$ ?AT !IR [N APPEAL1 & ! WILL+NESS ( CAPITALI/S TO 5GAGE ) !M1 WAS ALMO/ 5TIRELY BAS$ ON !IR ABILITY TO POSITION !MSELVES AS ! LESS ?REAT5+ ALT]NATIVE4 ,BE=E LONG1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC REGIMES HAD EXP]I5C$ SU* A MORAL & POLITICAL COLLAPSE ?AT ! FEW /ILL 9 P[] W]E R$UC$ TO BECOM+ ! AG5TS = ! DISMANTL+ ( ! WELF>E /ATES !Y HAD ORIG9ALLY CREAT$4 ,! ACTIVI/ ,LEFT 9 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES WAS BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY REACTION>Y1 CAPABLE ( MOBILIZ+ PASSIONS ONLY TO DEF5D ?+S ?AT ALREADY EXI/$--! OZONE LAY]1 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS1 TREES--& 9CREAS+LY 9EFFECTIVELY4 ,ELSE:]E1 IT SEEM$ 9 NE>TOTAL COLLAPSE4 

,!N1 F9ALLY1 !RE WAS 0GLOBALIZATION40 

,AS ,ANNA ,TS+ 7#b#b7 HAS REC5TLY REM9D$ US1 !RE'S A CURI\S HI/ORY H]E4 ,! NOTION REALLY BEGAN AS A PROGRESSIVE ONE4 ,IT WAS A /RONG] V]SION ( 9T]NATIONALISM3 ! S5SE NOT ONLY ?AT ALL M5 >E BRO!RS BUT ?AT WE >E ! COMMON CU/ODIANS ( A S+LE1 FRAGILE PLANET--AN IDEA 5CAPSULAT$ BY PHOTOGRAPHS ( ! E>? TAK5 FROM \T] SPACE BY A/RONAUTS 9 ! #a#i#fS4 ,! #a#i#iS RHETORIC ( GLOBALIZATION HAD NONE ( ?IS4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 IT HAD TWO LEGS3 ONE WAS ?AT TELECOMMUNICATIONS--& P>TICUL>LY ! ,9T]NET--W]E ANNIHILAT+ DI/ANCE & MAK+ 9/ANT CONTACT POSSIBLE BETWE5 ANY P>T ( ! PLANET2 ! O!R WAS ?AT ! FALL ( ! ,IRON ,CURTA9 & O!R B>RI]S TO TRADE W]E1 AT ! SAME TIME1 CREAT+ A S+LE1 UNIFI$ GLOBAL M>KET1 :OSE F9ANCIAL ME*ANISMS C\LD !N OP]ATE ?R\< !SE SAME 9/ANTANE\S ELECTRONIC MEANS4 ,MA9LY1 IT WAS JU/ AB\T ! P[] ( F9ANCE CAPITAL4 ,BUT ! RHETORIC WAS USUALLY ACCOMPANI$ BY A S]IES ( V]Y BROAD G5]ALIZATIONS3 ?AT NOT ONLY MONEY BUT PRODUCTS1 IDEAS1 & PEOPLE W]E 0FL[+0 AB\T AS NEV] BE=E1 NATIONAL ECONOMIES C\LD NO LONG] DREAM ( BE+ AUTONOM\S2 OLD NATIONALI/ IDEOLOGIES1 9DE$1 NATIONAL BORD]S1 W]E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY IRRELEVANT1 & SO ON4 ,ALL ( ?IS WAS PRES5T$ AS HAPP5+ ALL ( ITS [N ACCORD4 ,TE*NOLOGIES ADVANC$1 PEOPLE W]E 9CREAS+LY 9 CONTACT ) ONE ANO!R3 ! ONLY POSSIBLE LANGUAGE = !M TO DEAL ) ONE ANO!R WAS TRADE--S9CE CAPITALISM WAS1 AFT] ALL1 ROOT$ 9 HUMAN NATURE4 

,= ANYONE :O WAS REALLY PAY+ ATT5TION1 ( C\RSE1 ! REALITY WAS V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,BORD]S W]E NOT BE+ EFFAC$1 BUT RE9=C$4 ,POOR POPULATIONS W]E /ILL P5N$ 9TO !IR C\NTRIES ( ORIG9 79 :I* EXI/+ SOCIAL B5EFITS W]E BE+ RAPIDLY )DRAWN74 0,GLOBALIZATION0 M]ELY REF]R$ TO ! ABILITY ( F9ANCE CAPITAL TO SKIP >\ND AS IT WI%$ & TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?AT FACT4 ,MO/ ( ALL1 H[EV]1 ! P]IOD ( 0GLOBALIZATION0--OR NEOLIB]ALISM1 AS IT CAME TO BE KN[N JU/ AB\T EV]Y:]E EXCEPT ,AM]ICA--SAW ! CREATION ( ! FIR/ G5U9ELY PLANET>Y BUREAUCRATIC SY/EM 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 

,9 RETROSPECT1 ,I V]Y MU* IMAG9E ?AT ?IS IS H[ ! LA/ YE>S ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY WILL BE SE54 ,! ,U,N HAD ( C\RSE EXI/$ S9CE MID-C5TURY1 BUT ! ,U,N HAD NEV] HAD MORE ?AN MORAL AU?ORITY4 ,:AT WAS BE+ PAT*$ TOGE!R N[ WAS A SY/EM ) TEE?4 ,AT ! TOP W]E ! F9ANCI]S--BANK]S1 CURR5CY TRAD]S1 H$GE-FUND OP]ATORS1 & ! LIKE--ALL CONNECT$ ELECTRONICALLY4 ,!RE W]E ! GIGANTIC BUREAUCRATICALLY-ORGANIZ$ TRANSNATIONALS ?AT DUR+ ?IS P]IOD W]E ABSORB+ & CONSOLIDAT+ LIT]ALLY MILLIONS ( =M]LY 9DEP5D5T 5T]PRISES4 ,!RE W]E ! GLOBAL TRADE BUREAUCRATS--,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND 7,I,M,F71 ,WORLD ,BANK1 ,WORLD ,TRADE ,ORGANIZATION 7,W,T,O71 & SO ON1 BUT ALSO 9CLUD+ 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! ,U,S ,F$]AL ,RES]VE1 TREATY ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION 7,E,U7 OR ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T 7,N,A,F,T,A7--:OSE *IEF ROLE SEEM$ TO BE TO PROTECT ! 9T]E/S ( ! FIR/ TWO4 ,&1 F9ALLY1 !RE W]E ! V>I\S TI]S ( ,N,G,OS1 :OSE ROLE1 FROM PROVID+ F>M CR$ITS TO 9OCULAT+ 9FANTS OR PROVID+ FOOD DUR+ FAM9ES1 9CREAS+LY CAME TO BE TO PROVIDE S]VICES ?AT /ATES HAD ONCE BE5 EXPECT$ TO SUPPLY1 BUT HAD EFFECTIVELY N[ BE5 =BIDD5 FROM DO+ BY ! ,I,M,F4 ,! REM>KABLE ?+ WAS ?AT ?IS WAS A*IEV$ ?R\< AN IDEOLOGY ( RADICAL 9DIVIDUALISM3 ABOVE ALL1 A BROAD REJECTION ( ! CLAIMS ( COMMON COMMUNITY--& POLITICAL COMMUNITY 9 P>TICUL>4 ,WE W]E ALL TO BE RATIONAL 9DIVIDUALS ON ! M>KET1 AIM+ TO ACQUIRE GOODS4 ,9S(> AS WE W]E DIFF]5T1 IT WAS TO BE A MATT] ( P]SONAL SELF-REALIZATION ?R\< CONSUMPTION1 S9CE CONSUMPTION1 9 TURN1 WAS ASSUM$ TO BE L>GELY AB\T ! CREATION & EXPRESSION ( ID5TITIES4 ,!N1 ( C\RSE1 ID5TITY C\LD BE SAID TO CIRCLE BACK3 S9CE ALL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC QUE/IONS W]E ASSUM$ TO BE EFFECTIVELY SETTL$ 7HI/ORY1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 WAS OV]7 ID5TITY POLITICS BECAME AB\T ! ONLY POLITICS ?AT C\LD BE CONSID]$ LEGITIMATE4 

,!,N ,H,I,/,O,R,Y ,B,E,G,A,N ,A,G,A,9 

  

,ALL ?IS MAKES IT EASY TO SEE :Y ! ,ZAPATI/A REBELLION--:I* BEGAN ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#i#d1 ! DAY 9 :I* ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T 7,N,A,F,T,A7 W5T 9TO EFFECT--M>K$ SU* A TURN+ PO9T4 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ) !IR REJECTION ( ! OLD-FA%ION$ GU]RILLA /RATEGY ( SEIZ+ /ATE CONTROL ?R\< >M$ /RUGGLE1 ) !IR CALL 9/EAD = ! CREATION ( AUTONOM\S1 DEMOCRATIC1 SELF-GOV]N+ COMMUNITIES1 9 ALLIANCE ) A GLOBAL NETWORK ( LIKE-M9D$ DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION>IES1 MANAG$ TO CRY/ALLIZE1 (T5 9 BEAUTIFUL POETIC LANGUAGE1 ALL ! /RA9S ( OPPOSITION ?AT HAD BE5 SL[LY COALESC+ 9 ! YE>S BE=E4 ,AS MEMB]S ( ! ,MIDNI<T ,NOTES ,COLLECTIVE APTLY BEGAN PO9T+ \T EV5 AT ! TIME1 OPPOSITION TO ,I,M,F-IMPOS$ /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T POLICIES1 7:E!R IT TOOK ! =M ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN 9DIG5\S RI<TS CAMPAIGNS1 ,AFRICAN FOOD RIOTS1 OR ,9DONESIAN ,ISLAMI/ MOVEM5TS7 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY WAS BAS$ ON ! MORAL DEF5SE ( SOME COLLECTIVE RES\RCE3 ! RI<T TO TREAT L&1 OR FOOD1 OR FOSSIL FUELS1 OR EV5 CULTURE1 NOT AS A M>KETABLE COMMODITY BUT AS A COMMON GOOD COLLECTIVELY ADM9I/]$ BY SOME =M ( MORAL COMMUNITY--EV5 IF 9 FEW] & FEW] CASES WAS ! NATION-/ATE SE5 AS ! PROP] GU>DIAN ( SU* RI<TS OR ! FRAMEWORK ( ! MORAL COMMUNITY 9 QUE/ION4 ,ALMO/ ALWAYS1 !IR SI<TS W]E SET BO? MORE LOCALLY & ON A PLANET>Y SCALE4 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ) !IR DEFT ABILITY TO EMPLOY EM]G+ GLOBAL COMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGIES TO MOBILIZE 9T]NATIONAL NETWORKS TO DEF5D !IR [N AUTONOM\S 5CLAVES 9 ! ,LAC&ON ,RA9 ,=E/1 W]E NOT ONLY ! P]FECT SYMBOL1 !Y MANAG$ TO >TICULATE :AT WAS HAPP5+ ?R\< A NEW APPROA* TO ! V]Y IDEA ( REVOLUTION4 

,9 TURN1 IT WAS ! ,ZAPATI/AS :O BEGAN1 ) !IR TWO 9T]NATIONAL 5CU5TROS 0,= ,HUMANITY & ,AGA9/ ,NEOLIB]ALISM10 TO LAY ! F\NDATION = :AT CAME TO BE KN[N AS ! 0ANTI-GLOBALIZATION0 MOVEM5T4 ,N[ ?IS T]M1 AS ,I HAVE SAID MANY TIMES BE=E1 IS SOME?+ ( A MISNOM]4 ,IT WAS BASICALLY AN 9V5TION ( ! M$IA4 ,! MO/ DYNAMIC & IMPORTANT ELEM5TS 9 ! MOVEM5T ALWAYS SAW IT AS AIM+ = A G5U9E1 DEMOCRATIC =M ( GLOBALIZATION2 AT ! V]Y LEA/ A RETURN TO ! SORT ( PLANET>Y CONSCI\SNESS FROM :I* ! T]M FIR/ EM]G$4 ,9 ! CASE ( AN>*I/S1 AUTONOMI/S1 & O!R SU* RADICAL ELEM5TS1 IT MEANT ! EFFACEM5T ( ALL 9T]NATIONAL BORD]S 5TIRELY4 ,:AT EM]G$ FROM ! ,ZAPATI/A 5CU5TROS WAS A LOOSELY ORGANIZ$ PLANET>Y NETWORK CALL$ ,PEOPLES' ,GLOBAL ,ACTION 7,P,G,A71 ONE ( :OSE AIMS WAS TO PUT NONVIOL5T DIRECT ACTION BACK ON ! WORLD /AGE AS A =CE = GLOBAL REVOLUTION4 ,P,G,A WAS SIGNIFICANT ABOVE ALL 9 ?AT IT EXPLICITLY REJECT$ ! P>TICIPATION ( POLITICAL P>TIES OR ANY GR\P :OSE PURPOSE WAS TO BECOME A GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS ,P,G,A1 9 TURN1 ?AT PUT \T ! FIR/ 0CALLS TO ACTION0 ?AT EV5TUALLY CULM9AT$ 9 ! ,NOVEMB] #aiii ACTIONS 9 ,SEATTLE4 ,RA!R ?AN TRY+ TO N>RATIVE ! /ORY MYSELF--IT WILL BE TOLD MANY TIMES1 9 DIFF]5T WAYS1 OV] ! C\RSE ( ! BOOK--LET ME 9/EAD PROVIDE ! READ] ) A TIME L9E ( ONLY ! MO/ IMPORTANT EV5TS4 ,:AT FOLL[S IS A B>E-BONES ACC\NT1 & IT REFLECTS A V]Y ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN P]SPECTIVE1 BUT READ]S MAY F9D IT USEFUL TO CONSULT1 N[ & AGA91 :ILE READ+ ?IS WORK3 

,JANU>Y #a1 #a#i#i#d4 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T GOES 9TO EFFECT4 ,UPRIS+ BY ! ,E,Z,L,N 7OR ,EJ]CITO ,ZAPATI/A DE ,LIB]ACION ,NACIONAL1 OR ,ZAPATI/AS7 9 ,*IAPAS BEG9S ) A SURPRISE MILIT>Y (F5SIVE ?AT LEADS1 BRIEFLY1 TO ! SEIZURE ( ,*IAPAS' CAPITAL1 ,SAN ,*RI/OBAL DE LAS ,CASAS4 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS1 H[EV]1 QUICKLY TRANS=M FROM AN (F5SIVE =CE TO A DEF5SIVE ONE1 CREAT+ A S]IES ( SELF-GOV]N+ AUTONOM\S COMMUNITIES1 SEEK+ 9T]NATIONAL ALLIES1 & PROMULGAT+ A POLITICS ( DIRECT ACTION1 DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5TATION1 & A NEW APPROA* TO REVOLUTION ?AT CONV]GES ) ! AN>*I/ TRADITION 9 ITS REFUSAL ( TRADITIONAL ATTEMPTS TO TRANS=M ?R\< ! SEIZURE ( /ATE P[]4 

,AUGU/1 #a#i#i#g4 ,SECOND ,ZAPATI/A 0,9T]NATIONAL ,5CU5TRO ,= ,HUMANITY & ,AGA9/ ,NEOLIB]ALISM0 9 ,SPA9 5DS ) A CALL TO CREATE AN 9T]NATIONAL NETWORK1 ?AT ULTIMATELY COMES TO BE KN[N 79 ,5GLI%7 AS ,PEOPLES' ,GLOBAL ,ACTION4 ,ASIDE FROM ! ,ZAPATI/AS !MSELVES1 ! CORE ( ,P,G,A1 AT FIR/1 CONSI/S ( ! ,BRAZILIAN ,L&LESS ,F>M]S' ,MOVEM5T 7,M,/71 ! ,9DIAN ,K>NATAKA ,/ATE ,F>M]S' ,ASSOCIATION 7,K,R,R,S1 A MASS-BAS$ ,G&HIAN DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5T71 AN>*I/ OR AN>*I/-9SPIR$ GR\PS 9CLUD+ ,YA ,BA/A6 9 ,ITALY & ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS 9 ! ,U,K1 & V>I\S 9DIG5\S & AGR>IAN MOVEM5TS & RADICAL LABOR UNIONS4 

,JUNE #a#h1 #a#i#i#i4 0,J#a#h10 ! FIR/ MASSIVE ,P,G,A-SPONSOR$ GLOBAL DAY ( ACTION1 KN[N ALT]NATELY AS ! 0,GLOBAL ,DAY ( ,ACTION ,AGA9/ ,F9ANCIAL ,C5T]S0 OR 0,C>NIVAL ,AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM0 TO CO9CIDE ) ! ,G#h MEET+S ( LEAD]S ( ! MAJOR 9DU/RIAL P[]S1 ) COORD9AT$ ACTIONS 9 OV] A HUNDR$ CITIES WORLDWIDE FROM ,AU/RALIA TO ,ZIMBABWE4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 SEV]AL DEMOS >E ORGANIZ$1 MO/LY UND] ! BANN] ( NEW ,AM]ICAN V]SIONS ( ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS4 

,NOVEMB] #c1 #a#i#i#i4 0,N#c0 ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,W,T,O M9I/]IAL MEET+S 9 ,SEATTLE1 ANO!R 9T]NATIONAL DAY ( ACTION PROPOS$ BY ,P,G,A4 ,! ACTION IS LONG 9 ! PLANN+ BUT COMES AS A TOTAL SURPRISE TO ! MA9/REAM M$IA1 :O SEE IT AS ! BIR? ( A MOVEM5T4 ,SEATTLE SAW %>P DIVISIONS OV] TACTICS BETWE5 NONVIOL5T PROTE/]S CONDUCT+ ! LOCKD[NS & BLOCKADES ( ! HOTEL :]E ! M9I/]IAL IS TAK+ PLACE1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,DIRECT ,ACTION ,NETWORK 7,D,A,N71 & P>TICIPANTS 9 A SMALL] 0,BLACK ,BLOC10 MO/LY MADE UP ( AN>*I/S & RADICAL ECOLOGI/S1 :O HAVE A MORE MILITANT 9T]PRETATION ( NONVIOL5CE1 & :O1 AFT] POLICE BEG9 TO ATTACK ! BLOCKAD]S1 />T A CAMPAIGN ( T>GET$ PROP]TY DE/RUCTION AGA9/ SYMBOLS ( CORPORATE P[] 7MO/LY W9D[S7 D[NT[N4 ,ON ! FIR/ DAY1 ! MEET+S >E ACTUALLY %UT D[N1 & NEGOTIATIONS 5D 9 FAILURE4 ,! NEXT FEW DAYS SEE MASSIVE REPRESSION1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! DECL>ATION ( M>TIAL LAW & ! SUMMON+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D4 ,! MON?S IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ ,SEATTLE >E FILL$ ) A BUR/ ( NEW ORGANIZ+ & ACTIVITY1 & ! CREATION ( AUTONOM\S *APT]S ( ,D,A,N 9 CITIES ACROSS ! ,U,S1 & EV5 ,CANADA4 

,APRIL #a#f1 #b4 0,A#a#f0 ACTIONS AGA9/ ! MEET+S ( ! ,WORLD ,BANK & ,I,M,F 9 ,WA%+TON ,D,C4 ,:ILE NOT AS TACTICALLY SUCCESSFUL AS ,SEATTLE 7! MEET+S >E NOT %UT D[N71 ,A#a#f M>KS ! BEG9N+ ( A RAPPRO*EM5T BETWE5 ! ,D,A,N ORGANIZ]S & ! AUTONOM\S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ ,BLOC--! ,BLACK ,BLOC ASSEMBL$ = ! OCCASION--) ! ,R,A,C,B REFRA9+ FROM PROP]TY DE/RUCTION & 9/EAD PROVID+ SUPPORT = BLOCKAD]S & ?OSE 9 LOCKD[N4 

,AUGU/ #a1 #b4 0,R#b,K0 ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLICAN ,CONV5TION 9 ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,COMB9$ ) ,D#b,K ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONV5TION 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 !SE >E COLLECTIVELY KN[N AMONG ACTIVI/S AS ,R#b,D#b4 ,:ILE ,L,A ,D,A,N REJECTS WIDESPREAD DIRECT ACTION = A /RATEGY ( M>*ES 9 ALLIANCE ) COMMUNITY GR\PS1 ! ,PHILLY ACTIONS1 ORGANIZ$ ABOVE ALL BY ,D,A,NS 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,PHILLY1 & ,D,C1 M>K FUR!R 9TEGRATION ( ,BLACK ,BLOCS & BLOCKAD]S1 ) ! 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,BLOC0 9 ?IS CASE PROVID+ A DIV]SION TO DRAW POLICE AWAY FROM ! LOCKD[NS4 ,PHILLY IS ALSO M>K$ BY AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE ALLIANCES BETWE5 ! MO/LY :ITE ,D,A,NS & RADICAL PEOPLE ( COLOR ORGANIZATIONS1 ) MIX$ SUCCESS4 ,RETROSPECTIVELY1 IT IS SE5 AS ! PO9T :]E ! LOCKD[N_/BLOCKADE /RATEGY HAS L>GELY RUN ITS C\RSE1 PROMPT+ AN 9T]E/ 9 CREAT+ MORE MOBILE TACTICS4 

,SEPTEMB] #b#f1 #b4 0,S#b#f0 ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,I,M,F_/,WORLD ,BANK MEET+S 9 ,PRAGUE1 ,CZE* ,REPUBLIC4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ L>GE & DRAMATIC ACTION 9 ,EUROPE AFT] ,SEATTLE4 ,LIKE MANY ,EUROPEAN ACTIONS1 ! LEVEL ( MILITANCY IS MU* GREAT] ?AN 9 ! ,U,S4 ,! ACTIONS SEE FI]CE CLA%ES BETWE5 ,BLACK ,BLOC AN>*I/S & POLICE1 ! FIR/ APPE>ANCE ( ! FE/IVE 0,P9K ,BLOC10 & ! FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL DEBUT ( ! ,ITALIAN 0:ITE OV]ALLS0 TACTICS 7! 0,TUTE ,BIAN*E10 ORGANIZ$ BY ,ITALIAN ,YA ,BA/A671 A K9D ( COMIC MOCK >MY ( ACTIVI/S 9 HELMETS1 PADD+1 %IELDS1 & (T5 9FLATABLE 9N]-TUBES1 :O ATTEMPT TO /ORM POLICE L9ES >M$1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ) BALLOONS & WAT] PI/OLS4 

,JANU>Y #b1 #b#a4 0,J#b0 PROTE/S AT ,BU%'S 9AUGURATION1 ! SECOND L>GE/ 9AUGURAL PROTE/S 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 ?\< !Y RECEIVE ALMO/ NO ATT5TION FROM ! MA9/REAM M$IA4 ,MO/ MEMB]S ( ,N,Y,C ,D,A,N 5D UP JO9+ ANO!R ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,BLOC4 ,! ,BLACK ,BLOC MANAGES TO CRA% ?R\< POLICE B>RICADES & TEMPOR>ILY OCCUPY ,NAVAL ,MEMORIAL1 HOI/+ A BLACK FLAG & BLOCK+ ! P>ADE R\TE1 & ,BU%'S MOTORCADE1 = SOME TIME BE=E F9ALLY BE+ =C$ \T BY SECRET S]VICE & POLICE4 

,JANU>Y #b#e-#c1 #b#a4 ,! FIR/ ,WORLD ,SOCIAL ,=UM 7,W,S,F7 IS HELD 9 ,PORTO ,ALEGRE1 ,BRAZIL4 ,ORIG9ALLY CONCEIV$ AS ! RADICAL ALT]NATIVE TO ! ,WORLD ,ECONOMIC ,=UM 7,W,E,F7--A K9D ( JUNKET & NETWORK+ SESSION = GLOBAL (FICIALS & BUREAUCRATS1 USUALLY HELD 9 ,DAVOS1 ,SWITZ]L&--! ,W,S,F RAPIDLY BECOMES ! 9TELLECTUAL C5T] ( ! GLOBAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM1 ) ?\S&S ( DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS & 9DIVIDUALS P>TICIPAT+ 9 HUNDR$S ( SESSIONS4 

,APRIL #b-#b#b1 #b#a4 ,ACTIONS AGA9/ ! 0,SUMMIT ( ! ,AM]ICAS10 NEGOTIATIONS OV] ! ,FREE ,TRADE ,>EA ( ! ,AM]ICAS PACT 7,F,T,A,A7 9 ,QUEBEC ,CITY1 ,CANADA4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ ACTION :]E ! AU?ORITIES ORGANIZE !IR /RATEGY >\ND BUILD+ A L>GE F5CE 70! WALL07 >\ND ! SECTION ( ! CITY :]E ! SUMMIT IS TO TAKE PLACE4 ,! ACTIONS1 ORGANIZ$ PRIM>ILY BY ! ,MONTREAL-BAS$ ,CONV]G5CE DES ,LUTTES ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ES1 OR ,C,L,A,C1 MA9LY AIM ATTACKS AT ! WALL ITSELF1 AS A SYMBOL ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( NEOLIB]ALISM4 

,JULY #a#i-#b#a1 #b#a4 ,SEV]AL HUNDR$ ?\S& PROTE/]S CONV]GE ON ,G5OA1 ,ITALY1 = ! ,G#h MEET+S ( ! HEADS ( 9DU/RIALIZ$ NATIONS4 ,! WALL /RATEGY IS AGA9 EMPLOY$1 & ,ITALIAN POLICE1 :O HAD TRADITIONALLY BE5 RELATIVELY TOL]ANT ( :ITE OV]ALL TACTICS1 ADOPT A /RATEGY ( EXTREME REPRESSION ?IS TIME1 REFUS+ ANY CONTACT ) PROTE/ LEAD]S & EMPLOY+ A SY/EMATIC /RATEGY ( 5C\RAG+ FASCI/S & AG5T PROVOCATEURS TO PROVIDE EXCUSES TO ATTACK1 >RE/1 & AFT]W>DS1 SY/EMATICALLY ABUSE & EV5 TORTURE ACTIVI/S4 ,G5OA IS SE5 AS A WAT]M>K ( REPRESSION 9 ,EUROPE & CAUSES ,EUROPEAN GR\PS TO SCRAMBLE TO =MULATE A NEW /RATEGY4 

,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 #b#a4 ,ATTACKS ON ! ,P5TAGON & ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T]4 ,AN>*I/S 9 ,NEW ,YORK >E AMONG ! FIR/ TO MOBILIZE AGA9/ ! UPCOM+ W>1 ) M>*ES CULM9AT+ 9 A M>* ( SIX ?\S& PEOPLE TO ,TIMES ,SQU>E A MON? AFT] ! EV5T4 ,!SE >E ALMO/ COMPLETELY IGNOR$ 9 ! MA9/REAM M$IA4 ,ACTIONS BE+ PLANN$ = ! UPCOM+ ,WORLD ,BANK_/ ,I,M,F MEET+S 9 ,WA%+TON ,D,C >E RADICALLY SCAL$ BACK AS ! MOVEM5T IS =C$ TO RECONSID] ITS OV]ALL /RATEGIC DIRECTION4 

,FEBRU>Y #c-#d1 #b#b4 ,WORLD ,ECONOMIC ,=UM PROTE/S 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,9 ! IMM$IATE WAKE ( #i#a#a1 ! ,W,E,F ANN\NCES IT WILL RELOCATE1 ?IS YE>1 FROM ,DAVOS 7:]E IT HAS BECOME ! OBJECT ( FREQU5T ACTIVI/ SIEGES7 TO ! ,WALDORF ,A/ORIA 9 ,NEW ,YORK 0AS AN ACT ( SOLID>ITY40 ,AN>*I/S 9 ,N,Y,C ,D,A,N & ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,N,Y,C ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ ,CONV]G5CE 7,A,C,C7 >E =C$ TO ?R[ TOGE!R AN ACTION 9 A MATT] ( MON?S1 AB&ON$ BY ALMO/ ALL ( !IR USUAL ,N,G,O & ,LABOR ALLIES4 ,! ACTION IS SUCCESSFULLY & NONVIOL5TLY PULL$ (F1 BUT IS MET BY MASSIVE POLICE 9TIMIDATION & HUNDR$S ( >RE/S4 ,! /RESS ( #i#a#a1 & ( BE+ =C$ TO CREATE A NATIONAL MOBILIZATION \T ( NO?+ 9 SU* A %ORT TIME1 CREATES 5DLESS T5SIONS )9 ! ,NEW ,YORK SC5E & EV5TUALLY LEADS TO DECL9E & EV5TUAL DISSOLUTION ( ,D,A,N OV] ! C\RSE ( ! NEXT YE>4 

,SEPTEMB] #a-#a#d1 #b#c4 ,W,T,O ,M9I/]IAL 9 ,CANCUN1 ,MEXICO4 ,MASS ACTIONS BY ,MEXICAN & GLOBAL ACTIVI/S--9CLUD+ ! DRAMATIC SUICIDE ( A ,S\? ,KOREAN F>M]--5D 9 A DEF9ITIVE *ECK ( ! ,W,T,O PROCESS4 

,NOVEMB] #a#g-#b#a #b#c4 ,F,T,A,A NEGOTIATIONS 9 ,MIAMI1 MET BY ! FIR/ G5U9ELY L>GE-SCALE NATIONAL CONV]G5CE 9 ! ,U,S S9CE #i#a#a4 ,!SE MEET+S ALSO SEE ! FIR/ USE1 9 ! ,U,S1 ( A NEW POLICY ( MASSIVE PREEMPTIVE ATTACKS & EXTREME POLICE VIOL5CE AGA9/ PROTE/]S--AN APPROA* ?AT COMES TO BE KN[N AS ! 0,MIAMI MODEL0 AFT] ,HOMEL& ,SECURITY ANN\NCES IT AS ! WAY TO DEAL ) SU* ACTIONS 9 ! FUTURE4 ,! FREE TRADE NEGOTIATIONS1 ON ! O!R H&1 COME TO NO?+1 M>K+ ! DEF9ITIVE 5D ( ! ,F,T,A,A PROCESS4 

,I'LL 5D H]E1 NOT BECAUSE ,MIAMI REPRES5TS ! 5D ( ANY?+ 7?\< SOME HAVE >GU$ IT M>KS ! 5D ( ONE CYCLE ( AT LEA/ ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN MOVEM5T71 BUT RA!R1 BECAUSE IT M>KS ! 5D ( ! P]IOD COV]$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,SEPTEMB] #aa & ! 0,W> ON ,T]ROR0 DID C]TA9LY CREATE A DRAMATICALLY NEW CLIMATE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT ITS EFFECTS ELSE:]E W]E LESS PR(\ND1 & C]TA9LY LESS 5DUR+4 ,9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD1 REPRESSION WAS NEV] SO SEV]E1 & MO/ MANAG$ TO AVOID ! WAVE ( X5OPHOBIA & MILIT>I/ NATIONALISM ?AT DID SO MU* DAMAGE 9 ! ,U,S4 ,9 MANY WAYS1 ! MOVEM5T BEGAN TO GO 9TO A NEW & BROAD] /AGE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ) ! WAVE ( FACTORY OCCUPATIONS & LOCAL ASSEMBLIES 9 ,>G5T9A1 OR ONE-TIME ,P,G,A CONV5]S LIKE ,EVO ,MORALES ACTUALLY COM+ TO P[] 9 ,BOLIVIA1 EV5TS 9 ,AT5CO1 ,OAXACA1 & O!R P>TS ( ,MEXICO ITSELF4 ,I DO NOT WANT TO G5]ALIZE OR MAKE PR$ICTIONS3 AT MOM5TS ( G5U9E *ANGE1 HI/ORY MAKES FOOLS ( ALL ( US :O TRY4 ,BUT ,I WILL AT LEA/ REPEAT :AT ,I HAVE SAID BE=E 7E4G4 ,GRAEB] #b#b2 ,GRAEB] & ,GRUBACIC #b#d73 ?AT AN>*ISM1 AS A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY1 & AN>*I/ IDEAS & IMP]ATIVES1 HAVE BECOME MORE & MORE IMPORTANT EV]Y:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,!RE IS A BROAD REALIZATION ?AT ! AGE ( REVOLUTIONS IS BY NO MEANS OV]1 BUT ?AT REVOLUTION WILL1 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 TAKE ON 9CREAS+LY UNFAMILI> =MS4 ,FIR/ & =EMO/1 ,I W\LD HOPE ?IS BOOK WILL S]VE AS A RES\RCE = ?OSE :O WI% TO ?9K AB\T EXP&+ !IR S5SE ( POLITICAL POSSIBILITIES1 = ANYONE CURI\S AB\T :AT NEW DIRECTIONS RADICAL ?\<T & ACTION MI<T TAKE4 

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,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO WRITE ACKN[L$GM5TS = A BOOK LIKE ?IS4 ,ONE DOES NOT WI% TO S+LE \T ANYONE = FE> ( SUGGE/+ ?AT SOMEONE ELSE IS LESS DES]V+4 ,BUT ,I CAN />T BY ACKN[L$G+ ! LOVE & SUPPORT ( MY FRI5DS & FAMILY1 & MY SUPPORT]S AT ,YALE DUR+ ! UN=TUNATE EV5TS ?AT TRANSPIR$1 TO SOME DEGREE1 AS A RESULT ( ! V]Y RESE>* ON :I* ?IS BOOK IS BAS$4 ,! P]IOD DUR+ :I* ,I WAS CONDUCT+ RESE>*1 & !N WRIT+1 ?IS BOOK WAS ONE ( ALMO/ CONT9UAL /RESS & P]SONAL TRAG$Y3 M>K$ BY ! PROLONG$ ILLNESS & EV5TUAL DEA? ( BO? MY BRO!R & MY MO!R1 ALL AGA9/ ! BACKDROP ( HAV+ TO DEAL ) 5DLESS1 BIZ>RE CAMPAIGNS BY ?OSE ELEM5TS ( ! S5IOR FACULTY AT ,YALE APP>5TLY DET]M9$ TO DRIVE ME \T BY ANY MEANS NECESS>Y4 ,I WILL NOT 5T] 9TO DETAILS1 BUT ,I W\LD LIKE TO ?ANK1 FIR/ ( ALL1 MY COLLEAGUES AT ,YALE :O PROVID$ ! SUPPORT & S5SE ( COMMUNITY ?AT MADE ! PLACE LIVABLE = ME3 ,J5NIF] ,BAIR1 ,B]N>D ,BATE1 ,RI*>D ,BURG]1 ,KAM>I ,CL>KE1 ,HAL ,CONKL91 ,MI*AEL ,D5N+1 ,S>OJA ,DORAIRAJOO1 ,ILANA ,G]%ON1 ,PAUL ,GILROY1 ,?OMAS ,BLUM ,HANS51 ,NATALIE ,J]IMIJ5KO1 ,BUN ,LAI1 ,5RIQUE ,MAY]1 ,SAM ,MESS]1 ,M>ILDA ,M5EZES1 ,JOHN ,MIDDLETON1 ,K>5 ,PHILLIPS1 ,DHOOLEKA ,RAJ1 ,IMAN ,SACA1 ,LIDIA ,SANTOS1 ,JIM ,SCOTT1 ,M>Y ,SMI?1 ,JOHN ,SZW$1 ,?OMAS ,T>T>ON1 ,FR$]IC ,V&5B]GE1 ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E91 ,DAVID ,WATTS1 & ,]IC ,WORBY1 TO NAME A FEW4 ,FRI5DS & COLLEAGUES \TSIDE ( ,YALE :O GAVE ME HELP & 5C\RAGEM5T 9 ?IS PROJECT >E F> TOO NUM]\S TO LI/4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO BE ABLE1 TOO1 TO ?ANK BY NAME EV]YONE :O PIT*$ 9 AFT] ! DEP>TM5T VOT$ TO T]M9ATE MY CONTRACT1 BUT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ALMO/ FIVE ?\S& PEOPLE SIGN$ ! PETITIONS ,YALE /UD5TS CREAT$2 SEV]AL DEP>TM5TS 7,*ICAGO1 ,SUSSEX1 ,GLASG[1 ,MAN*E/]7 & ORGANIZATIONS RANG+ FROM ! ,GLOBAL ,/UDIES ,ASSOCIATION TO ! ,CANADIAN ,UNION ( ,PO/AL ,WORK]S WROTE COLLECTIVE LETT]S TO ! DEP>TM5T DEM&+ AN EXPLANATION 7( C\RSE !Y RECEIV$ NONE71 AS DID AN 5DLESS /REAM ( 9DIVIDUAL S*OL>S4 ,MO/ ( ALL1 ,I WANT TO ?ANK ! /UD5TS AT ,YALE1 & AGA9 ?IS LI/ IS BY NO MEANS COMPREH5SIVE--& HEAVILY WEI<T$ T[>DS ?OSE ,I CAME TO KN[ 9 MY LA/ FEW YE>S AT ,YALE--BUT !Y W]E ALWAYS MY GREATE/ 9SPIRATION !RE3 ,MUHAMMAD ,IKRAAM ,ABDU-,NOOR1 ,AHM$ ,AFZAL1 ,COLLE5 ,ASP]1 ,P+-,ANN ,ADO1 ,OMOLADE ,ADUNBI1 ,NIKHIL ,AN&1 ,CAITL9 ,B>RETT1 ,KALANIT ,BAUMHAUFT1 ,B5 ,BEGLEIT]1 ,N9A ,BHATT1 ,REBECCA ,BOHRMAN1 ,%]IDAN ,BOOK]1 ,DEVIKA ,BORDIA1 ,LISA ,ALLETTE ,BROOKS1 ,ELIZABE? ,BUSBEE1 ,LUCIA ,CANT]O1 ,DAVID ,C>/ON-,KN[LES1 ,DURBA ,*ATT>AJ1 ,L9DA ,*HAY1 ,KATE ,CLANCEY1 ,ROB]T ,CL>K1 ,SE? ,CURLEY1 ,AN?ONY ,DALTON1 ,AMELIA ,FRANK-,VITALE1 ,ANTONIOS ,F9ITSIS1 ,?OMAS ,FRAMPTON1 ,EMILY ,FRI$RI*S1 ,AJAY ,G&HI1 ,VLADIMIR ,GIL1 ,JO% ,GORDON1 ,JESSICA ,GUSSB]G1 ,ANNIE ,H>P]1 ,JOSEPH ,HILL1 ,EMILY ,HIT*1 ,J5NIF] ,JACKSON1 ,NAZIMA ,KADIR1 ,KRI/9 ,KAJDZIK1 ,CSILLA ,KALOCSAI1 ,BR5DA ,KONDO1 ,ADRIAN ,LE,CESNE1 ,MOON-,HEE ,LEE1 ,KAT ,LO1 ,MOLLY ,M>G>ETT51 ,&REW ,MA!WS1 ,MADELE9E ,MEEK1 ,*RI/9A ,MOON1 ,YANCEY ,ORR1 ,SIMON ,MO%5B]G1 ,JASON ,NESBITT1 ,NANA ,OKURA1 ,JUAN ,ORRANTIA1 ,JONA?AN ,PADWE1 ,RI*>D ,PAYNE1 ,ANNE ,RADEMA*]1 ,MIEKA ,RITSEMA1 ,ELLIOT ,ROBSON1 ,PHOEBE ,R\NDS1 ,>IAN ,S*ULZE1 ,COL9 ,SMI?1 ,OLGA ,SO\DI1 ,S>AH ,/ILLMAN1 ,WILL ,TANZMAN1 ,JORDAN ,TREV9O1 ,K>5 ,W>N]1 ,KRI/9A ,WEAV]1 & ,TIANTIAN ,ZHANG4 

,TO NAME MY ACTIVI/ FRI5DS PROVIDES AN EV5 /RANG] PROBLEM3 IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO KN[ :O ,I CAN ACTUALLY REF] TO BY !IR NAME--?AT IS1 ?OSE :OSE LEGAL NAMES ,I ACTUALLY KN[4 ,I'M GO+ TO ?R[ \T JU/ A FEW1 MA9LY BECAUSE ,I HAPP5 TO KN[ !Y W\LDN'T M9D3 ,MAJE$ ,BALAV&I1 ,AUTUMN ,BR[N1 ,AYCA ,CUBUKCU1 ,CRY/AL ,DUBOIS1 ,MIKE ,DUNCAN1 ,TODD ,EATON1 ,NEALA ,BYRNE1 ,BEKA ,ECONOMOPOLOS1 ,/EFAN ,*RI/(F1 ,%AWN ,EWALD1 ,HEA!R ,GAUTNEY1 ,&REJ ,GRUBACIC1 ,H>RY ,HALP91 ,]IC ,LAURS51 ,BOB ,L$]]1 ,BROOKE ,LEHMAN1 ,YVONNE ,LIU1 ,DANIEL ,MC,G[AN1 ,MI*AEL ,M5S]1 ,DYAN ,NE>Y1 ,ANA ,NOGUEIRA1 ,PRIYA ,R$DY1 ,RAMOR ,RYAN1 ,MAC ,SCOTT1 ,DANIELLE ,LEAH ,S]$1 ,B5 ,%EPH]D1 ,/EPHV5 ,%UKAITIS1 ,M>9A ,SITR91 ,JOHN ,T>LETON1 ,LESLEY ,JULIA ,WOOD4 ,EV]YONE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,D,A,N & ! ,A,C,C2 EV]YONE 9 ! ,I,W,W & ! NEWLY F\ND$ ,S,D,S2 EV]YONE :O LOOK$ OV] DRAFTS1 OR PIECES ( !M1 TO PO9T \T ! 5DLESS ?+S ,I GOT WRONG2 BUT1 REALLY1 ANYONE :OSE NAME APPE>S 9 ?IS TEXT DES]VES ?ANKS1 & MU* MORE4 ,!SE >E ! PEOPLE :O GAVE ME A NEW S5SE ( HOPE = ! PLANET 9 :AT W\LD O!RWISE HAVE BE5 ! WOR/ TIME ( MY LIFE4 ,I HAVE NO?+ BUT LOVE = !M4 

,OBVI\SLY !RE >E A FEW 9DIVIDUALS ,I MU/ ESPECIALLY S+LE \T3 ,LAUR5 ,LEVE1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 ,]IC ,GRAEB]1 ,RU? ,GRAEB]1 ,&REJ ,GRUBACIC1 ,NHU ,LE1 & ,/U>T ,ROCKEFELL]4 ,I'D LIKE TO ?ANK ,*>LES ,WEIGL1 MY $ITOR1 & EV]YONE ELSE AT ,A,K ,PRESS4 

,I CAME 9TO ?IS PROJECT ) LITTLE BUT MYSELF & MY [N S5SE ( OPTIMISM4 ,I PURSU$ IT ) ! GR[+ UND]/&+ ?AT1 NO MATT] H[ BLEAK & H[ DANG]\S SOME ( ! PLACES ?R\< :I* ONE MU/ PASS1 TO LIVE AS A REBEL--9 ! CON/ANT AW>5ESS ( ! POSSIBILITIES ( REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION1 & AMONG ?OSE :O DREAM ( IT--IS SURELY ! BE/ WAY ONE CAN LIVE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bba 3 ,PREFACE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,PREFACE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/