,DETROIT ,9C9]ATOR ,CLOSES--,ECO-,APOCALYPSE ,CONT9UES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,WATSON 

,TEXT 3 

 ,$ITOR'S ,NOTE 

,I HAD ! PLEASURE ( CROSS+ PA?S ) ,DAVID ,WATSON--WRIT]1 TEA*]1 ACTIVI/1 & E>LY MEMB] ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 A LONG-RUNN+ AN>*I/ MAG \T ( ,DETROIT1 ,M,I--9 ,JUNE #b#a#g1 :5 ,I ATT5D$ A PANEL HE ORGANIZ$ ON ,DETROIT'S MULTIPLE WAT] CRISES = ! ANNUAL MEET+ ( ! ,ASSOCIATION = ! ,/UDY ( ,LIT]ATURE & ! ,5VIRONM5T4 ,I WAS SO 9SPIR$ ,I 5D$ UP PR(IL+ ?AT PANEL = ,DECEL]ATION4 ,ON READ+ \R COV]AGE1 HE S5T ME BACK A C\PLE ( HIS [N PUBLICATIONS1 & A CORRESPOND5CE BETWE5 ,S\? ,TEXAS & ,GREAT ,LAKES BIOREGIONS BEGAN--9CLUD+ ! ESSAY BEL[1 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,AUGU/ #bai ISSUE ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE4 ,WATSON'S ESSAY BEL[ IS WOR? A SL[1 ?\<TFUL READ1 P>TICUL>LY = ITS REM9D] ?AT1 = ALL ! TOTALIZ+ P[] ( CLIMATE *ANGE1 O!R ECOLOGICAL CRISES 7( TOXICITY1 ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION7 P]SI/4 ,BUT1 JU/ AS CRUCIALLY1 SO TOO DOES ! CREATIVITY & F]OCITY ( /RUGGLES = LIFE-AFFIRM+ =MS ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,SO READ A LITTLE EA* NI<T444TAKE Y\R TIME4 ,MU* ?ANKS TO PHOTOGRAPH] ,MILL>D ,B]RY = P]MISSION TO USE HIS BEAUTIFUL B@&W IMAGES4 

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,! NEWS 9 ,M>* #bai ?AT1 DUE TO 0F9ANCIAL & COMMUNITY CONC]NS10 ! ,DETROIT TRA% 9C9]ATOR WAS TO BE CLOS$ WAS WEIRDLY REM9ISC5T ( NEWS BACK 9 ! SPR+ ( #aihf ?AT IT WAS GO+ TO BE BUILT3 ,IT CAME AS A SURPRISE TO ALMO/ EV]YONE 9 ! CITY4 ,?IS TIME1 OBVI\SLY1 IT CAME AS GOOD NEWS2 PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 WORK+ TO %UT IT = DECADES NATURALLY CELEBRAT$ ! CLOS+ AS 0A GLORI\S DAY = ! CITY & ITS RESID5TS10 AS ,S&RA ,TURN]-,H&Y1 A LONG-T]M 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE ACTIVI/1 MEMB] ( ! ,MI*IGAN ,5VIRONM5TAL ,C\NCIL1 CO-SUP]VISOR ( ,Z]O ,WA/E ,DETROIT1 PUT IT4 I 

,! ,CITY ( ,DETROIT BEGAN QUIETLY PLANN+ :AT W\LD BECOME ! WORLD'S L>GE/ MUNICIPAL WA/E-TO-5]GY TRA% 9C9]ATOR 9 #a#i#g#f2 A DECADE LAT]1 A SMALL ITEM 9 ! ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS ANN\NC$ ! LA/ PUBLIC HE>+ 9 ,LANS+1 ! /ATE CAPITAL1 TO APPROVE ! PROJECT4 ,IT WAS TO BE BUILT 9 ! 9T]SECTION ( TWO EXPRESSWAYS1 JU/ EA/ ( ,WAYNE ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY & ! CITY ,CULTURAL ,C5T]1 & AB\T A MILE FROM A C5TRAL CITY NEI<BORHOOD CALL$ ! ,CASS ,CORRIDOR1 :]E ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE (FICE WAS LOCAT$1 & :]E MO/ ( ! ,F,E /AFF LIV$4 ,9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#h#f1 A H&FUL ( \R NEI<BORS1 9CLUD+ AN ,F,E CONTRIBUTOR1 DROVE N9ETY MILES UP TO ! ,MI*IGAN ,AIR ,POLLUTION ,CONTROL ,COMMISSION HE>+ TO F9D \T :AT WAS GO+ ON & TO DEM& ?AT A PUBLIC HE>+ BE HELD 9 ,DETROIT4 

,:AT WAS GO+ ON WAS NOT DIFFICULT TO DISC]N1 :I* WAS :Y A ,G5]AL ,MOTORS EXEC :O SAT ON ! COMMISSION ( POLITICIANS1 CORPORATE BIGWIGS1 & 5VIRONM5T BUREAUCRATS /AT$ HIS OPPOSITION TO ! DEM&1 >GU+ ?AT IT W\LD 0/IR UP ! CITIZ5S0--:I* IT DID4 

,TO ! CON/]NATION ( ,DETROIT ,MAYOR ,COLEMAN ,Y\NG & HIS ADM9I/RATION1 ! COMMISSION AGRE$ TO HOLD A HE>+ 9 ! *AMB]S ( ! ,CITY-,C\NTY ,BUILD+--A SOP TO ! AL>M$ LOCALS1 S9CE ! \TCOME WAS NOT 9 QUE/ION4 ,9DE$1 DESPITE ! RAUC\S OPPOSITION ( HUNDR$S ( RESID5TS1 & AN ABUNDANCE ( TE/IMONY /RET*+ 9TO ! E>LY H\RS ( MORN+ & DOCUM5T+ ! ECOLOGICAL1 TE*NOLOGICAL1 PUBLIC HEAL?1 & F9ANCIAL IRREGUL>ITIES ( ! PROJECT1 ! COMMISSION VOT$ #i-#a TO APPROVE CON/RUCTION4 

,?US BEGAN = US1 \R NEI<BORS1 & \R ALLIES AN ODYSSEY ( SIX YE>S OR SO ( 9T5SE1 ALMO/ DAILY ACTIVISM AGA9/ ! 9C9]ATOR4 ,FIR/1 WE ATTEMPT$ TO PREV5T ! COMPLETION ( :AT WAS CALL$1 DEP5D+ ON ! DAY1 0,COLEMAN'S ,CA!DRAL10 & 0! ,BEA/40 ,& !N1 :5 ?AT FAIL$1 WE TRI$ TO %UT ,I,T D[N4 ,ULTIMATELY1 WE FAIL$ ON BO? C\NTS1 & IT RAN = OV] ?IRTY YE>S4 II 

,TO MANY 9 \R NEI<BORHOOD1 NOT JU/ US RADICALS1 ! CON/RUCTION ( A TOXIC G>BAGE 9C9]ATOR REPRES5T$ NOT ONLY A DIRECT ?REAT 9 AN 9N]-CITY 5VIRONM5T ALREADY EXP]I5C+ A SURFEIT ( 5VIRONM5TAL ?REATS1 IT WAS ALSO ACUTELY SYMBOLIC ( ! WORLDWIDE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS4 ,AS ,PAUL ,CONNETT1 ONE ( A NUMB] ( SCI5TI/S :O CAME TO SUPPORT \R RESI/ANCE1 PUT IT1 ! 9C9]ATOR REFLECT$ A SOCIETY 0LIV+ AS IF !RE W]E NO TOMORR[--& MAK+ IT COME TRUE40 

,TRULY1 IT WAS H>D NOT TO SEE IT AS A META/ATIC MOM5T 9 A BLOAT$ EMPIRE--! 0,EMPIRE ( ,MAN10 9 ! 9FELICIT\S WORDS ( ,FRANCIS ,BACON1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( MOD]N SCI5CE--SUFFOCAT+ ON ITS [N CRAV+S & WA/E4 ,?IS TRAG$Y1 ?IS TRAVE/Y1 BR\<T TO M9D ! PROTE/S & PROPHECIES ( ! NATIVE PEOPLES :O SAW IT ALL COM+4 ,IT WAS DEMON/RABLY ONLY 0A S+LE DROP 9 A TOXIC BUCKET10 AS WE SOON WROTE 9 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE & 9 ,DETROIT ,TRA% ,9C9]ATOR--,WE ,SAY ,NO61 PUT \T BY ! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE1 :I* WE =M$ ) \R NEI<BORS4 ,BUT WE HAD TO FI<T IT4 III 

,! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE WAS NEV] EXACTLY AN ORGANIZATION 7:I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,F,E ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES AT ! TIME1 W\LD HAVE CO-OPT$ US1 0REABSORB+0 \R ACTIVITIES TO RATIONALIZE & IMPROVE CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION & ! 9DU/RIAL H\SE ( TOXIC C>DS74 ,BUT IT DID FUNCTION AS A LOOSE COALITION ) REGUL> MEET+S1 PRESS RELEASES1 & COMMITTEES4 ,WE KEPT IT M9IMALI/1 VOLUNT>I/1 & AN>*I/IC1 :I* ALSO T5D$ TO SATISFY MANY ( \R ALREADY RADICAL & C\NT]-CULTURAL NEI<BORS :O PREF]R$ A RELATIVELY /RUCTURELESS ASSOCIATION4 

,SOMETIMES WE ,CASS ,CORRIDORITES W]E PR\D TO BE LITTLE MORE ?AN AN UNDISCIPL9$1 ANGRY1 BUT TE*NICALLY & LEGALLY 9=M$ MOB4 ,\R BASIS = AGREEM5T WAS ! 0,N,O0--@>NO TO A PROPOS$ TE*-FIX ( SMOKE/ACK SCRUBB]S & BA<\SES1 NO TO ANY 9C9]ATION1 NO TO COMPROMISE4 ,WE MO/LY GOT ALONG 7?\< !RE W]E ONGO+ >GUM5TS7 ) LESS 9TRANSIG5T PEOPLE 9 ! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T :O W]E READY TO SETTLE = SOME?+ LESS4 ,WE LIK$ MO/ ( !M AS PEOPLE1 & F\ND WAYS TO WORK TOGE!R1 & QUITE A FEW CAME >\ND TO APPRECIATE 7& P>TICIPATE 97 \R BAD BEHAVIOR4 

,UND] :AT WAS TO A GREAT DEGREE ! MESSY DIRECTION ( A RAGTAG GR\P ( AN>*I/S & !IR WILD-EY$1 SOME:AT AN>*Y-FRI5DLY COLLABORATORS1 ! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE CAME TO FUNCTION AS A PROM95T1 & C]TA9LY ! MO/ DRAMATIC1 ELEM5T ( ! FIR/ PHASE ( ?IRTY-SOME YE>S ( :AT WAS N[ AN EBB+1 N[ FL[+1 RESI/ANCE TO 0! ,BEA/40 

,! ,F,E HAD BE5 REPORT+ & REFLECT+ ON 0! 9DU/RIAL PLAGUE0 = AT LEA/ A DECADE1 BUT ?IS WAS \R ,N,I,M,B,Y MOM5T1 IF Y\ WILL--!Y W]E DUMP+ !IR EFFLU5TS DIRECTLY ON US4 IV ,WE DIDN'T C\NT5ANCE IT BE+ MOV$ TO SOME O!R UN=TUNATE NEI<BORHOOD1 ( C\RSE1 BUT ! LOCAL ?REAT1 ! IMM95T DEGRADATION ( \R ALREADY *ALL5G$ 5VIRONM5T1 SURELY PLAY$ A ROLE 9 \R 9T5SE 5]GY LEVEL4 ,! WOR/ ( ! POISONS1 ! T]RIFY+ DIOX9S & FURANS ?AT APP>5TLY W]E PRODUC$ BY BURN+ RECYCLABLE PAP] ) PLA/ICS1 ! FLUORIDES1 ! HEAVY METALS 79CLUD+ M]CURY1 CADMIUM1 & LEAD71 & O!R SUB/ANCES--= EXAMPLE1 ! #ehh P\NDS ( HYDROG5 *LORIDE & #dih P\NDS ( C>BON MONOXIDE & O!R HORRIFIC %IT-CRAP !Y W]E P]MITT$ TO1 9DE$ BUILT TO1 RELEASE EV]Y H\R1 #bd H\RS A DAY--W]E NOT ! MO/ NOTICEABLE HURTS A MILE AWAY1 :]E WE LIV$4 

,! 9SULT ADD$ TO ALL ?IS 9JURY WAS AN ACRID ODOR ( COMBU/ION FROM TIME TO TIME1 OR ! /5* ( /&+ G>BAGE1 WAIT+ TO GO 9TO ! FURNACE1 ?AT SOMETIMES1 AT ! RI<T MOM5T--P]HAPS A SUMM] WEEK5D1 O!RWISE LOVELY ) BIRDSONG & BREEZE1 :5 ! FECKLESS1 OV]-WORK$ 9SPECTORS W]E (F FI%+ OR FIDDL+4 ,AT SU* MOM5TS ONE MI<T SUDD5LY BE ?R[N \T ( GLORI\S E>LY MORN+ SLEEP1 ALMO/ PHYSICALLY \T ( B$1 BY ! SMELL1 & HAVE TO CLOSE ! W9D[S4 V 

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,:5 ! ,U4,S4 ,SOCIAL ,=UM MET 9 ,DETROIT 9 #ba & ORGANIZ$ A COLORFUL M>* TO ! 9C9]ATOR ) LOCALS1 NEI!R ! VISITORS NOR MO/ ( ! LOCALS SEEM$ TO HAVE HE>D ( US4 VI ,I MANAG$ TO TALK MY WAY ONTO ! SPEAK]'S PLAT=M & BRIEFLY TOLD ! CR[D AB\T ! PALEO-HI/ORY ( ! FI<T1 & S9CE !N MANY ( US =M] ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE MEMB]S HAVE ATT5D$ ANTI-9C9]ATOR DEMOS ORGANIZ$ BY ,BREA! ,FREE ,DETROIT & HAVE OCCASIONALLY COLLABORAT$4 ,WE >E HAPPY TO HE> OCCASIONALLY FROM Y\NG] PEOPLE1 (T5 GRAD /UD5TS OR J\RNALI/S 9VE/IGAT+ & DOCUM5T+ ?IS /ORY4 ,IT DES]VES TO BE TOLD 9 DETAIL SOM$AY1 ?\< ?IS IS NOT ! OCCASION TO DO SO4 ,H]E >E A FEW HI<LI<TS4 

,! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE ORGANIZ$ PICKET L9ES & BIG DEMON/RATIONS2 CANVAS$ & PLANT$ TREES ALL OV] ! NEI<BORHOODS NE> ! 9C9]ATOR4 ,WE PACK$ & EV5 /ORM$ HE>+S2 SPOKE TO COMMUNITY GR\PS1 CLASSROOMS & *UR*ES2 ORGANIZ$ CONF]5CES1 =UMS1 & 0,C\NCILS ( ,ALL ,BE+S40 ,WE CREAT$ GIANT PUPPETS AS DEMON/RATION PROPS2 & RAIS$ MONEY & BUILT COMMUNITY ) CONC]TS1 POETRY READ+S1 & >T %[S4 7,! P>TICIPATION & CREATIVITY ( >TI/S1 MUSICIANS1 & WRIT]S1 MANY FROM ! ,CORRIDOR1 WAS ALWAYS EVID5T 9 ! RESI/ANCE47 ,SOME ( US1 WORK+ ) NEI<BORS 9 ! ,NOR? ,CASS ,COMMUNITY ,UNION & O!R ORGANIZATIONS1 SET UP SOME ( ! FIR/ RECYCL+ PROJECTS 9 ! CITY & ALSO W5T TO C\RT TO /OP ! PROJECT4 

,DESPITE \R AMBIVAL5CE AB\T & CRITIQUES ( SYMBOLIC CIVIL DISOB$I5CE PROTE/S1 ! COMMUNITY HAD F\ND \T AB\T ! 9C9]ATOR SO LATE 9 ! PROCESS ?AT SEV]AL ( US ON OR CLOSE TO ! ,F,E AGRE$ ) \R NEI<BORS & DECID$ TO TRY ! TACTIC ( PEACEFUL CIVIL DISOB$I5CE 7WE DID NOT QUITE CONSID] IT A /RATEGY7 9 ORD] TO AL]T ! COMMUNITY4 ,IT TURN$ \T TO BE EASY1 & ULTIMATELY REW>D+1 P]SONALLY & POLITICALLY1 TO AB&ON AB/RACT PR9CIPLES 9 ! SPIRIT ( 0EXP]IM5TS 9 TRU?0 7,G&HI'S PHRASE71 \R SOMETIMES AWKW>D ATTEMPTS TO WALK SOME K9D ( ACTIVI/ WALK :ILE CONT9U+ TO TALK \R !ORETICAL TALK4 

,WE WANT$ TO W$ \R RADICAL CRITIQUE ( 9DU/RIAL-CAPITALI/ CIVILIZATION'S SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL APOCALYPSE TO A LOCAL1 PRAGMATIC1 MORE HUMBLE CITIZ5-BAS$ PRACTICE ( DIRECT DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZ+1 RESI/ANCE1 & SELF-DEF5SE TO A DIRECT 9JURY TO \R COMMUNITY4 

,MOREOV]1 SOME?+ WAS GO+ ON ALL OV] ! C\NTRY--! WORLD1 REALLY4 ,H]E & 9 O!R C\NTRIES ANTI-TOXICS & ANTI-NUCLE> ACTIVI/S W]E /ORM+ HE>+S & SITT+ 92 \T WE/ 7& ELSE:]E7 MEMB]S ( ANO!R 0NON-ORGANIZATION10 ,E>? ,FIR/61 MANY ( !M CALL+ !MSELVES AN>*I/S1 W]E P]*+ 9 R$WOODS1 BLOCK+ LOGG+ ROADS1 & *A9+ !MSELVES TO HEAVY LOGG+ MA*9]Y4 ,WE ADMIR$ ?OSE PEOPLE & WANT$ TO TRY \R [N URBAN V]SION ( ! SAME4 VII 

,9 \R FIR/ ACTION ( ?IS K9D1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#h#h1 ! ,MONDAY MORN+ AFT] \R FIR/ MASS DEMON/RATION & A WEEK5D CONF]5CE TO ,SAVE ! ,GREAT ,LAKES1 N9ETE5 ( US BLOCKAD$ ! FRONT GATE ( ! 9C9]ATOR SITE & W]E >RE/$1 *>G$ ) ,DI/URB+ ! ,PEACE 7A *>GE ) A POT5TIAL S5T5CE ( N9ETY DAYS 9 JAIL & A FIVE HUNDR$ DOLL> F9E71 & RELEAS$4 ,9 ! FALL1 ) ! PRO BONO HELP ( A LOCAL LAWY] :O SAID SIMPLY ?AT HE ?\<T :AT WE W]E DO+ WAS 0COOL10 ! ,EV]GRE5 #ai DEF5D$ \RSELVES 9 ,DETROIT'S #c#f? ,DI/RICT ,C\RT &1 AFT] A WEEK-LONG TRIAL1 W]E ACQUITT$ 7& CONGRATULAT$ & HUGG$7 BY A V]Y SYMPA!TIC JURY4 

,9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#h#i1 ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE WOM51 FIR$ UP ) EC(EM9ISM1 CREAT$ ,W,E,A,V,E 7,WOM5 ,EMP[]$ ,AGA9/ ,VIOL5CE TO ! ,5VIRONM5T71 & 9 ,JUNE ( ?AT YE> !Y SPE>HEAD$ \R L>GE/ & MO/ COLORFUL PROCESSION1 FROM ,DETROIT'S ,EA/]N ,M>KET TO ! 9C9]ATOR1 UND] A GIANT FIGURE ( ! ,E>? ,MO!R & A MASSIVE1 FABRIC PEACE DOVE4 ,WE W]E SOME FIVE TO SIX HUNDR$ PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ MANY FAMILIES & *ILDR51 PLAY+ MUSIC & BEAT+ DRUMS1 & MANY C>RY+ IMAGES ( OR DRESS$ UP AS ANIMALS REPRES5T+ A ,C\NCIL ( ,ALL ,BE+S4 7,WE EV5 HAD A :OLE S*OOL ( SOME #c WOOD5 FI%47 ,AFT] WE >RIV$1 ! ,W,E,A,V,E WOM5 WOVE !MSELVES TO ! FRONT GATE ) Y>N2 :5 ! COPS />T$ R\<+ !M UP1 ! CR[D W5T CRAZY & DOZ5S MORE PEOPLE /ORM$ & BLOCK$ ALL ( ! GATES4 

,MORE ?AN FIFTY DEMON/RATORS W]E >RE/$1 F> MORE ?AN WE EXPECT$4 ,:5 ! WOM5 & !IR SUPPORT]S W]E RELEAS$ FROM DET5TION BY A SYMPA!TIC WOMAN JUDGE1 WE ORGANIZ]S CAME HOME TO EAT PIZZA & DEBRIEF1 ONLY TO LE>N ( ! MASSACRE AT ,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E4 ,WE KNEW ( C\RSE ?AT \R /RUGGLE 5TAIL$ NO?+ ( ! RISKS ! ,*9ESE PROTE/]S & !IR SUPPORT]S W]E TAK+1 OR ! PRICE !Y W]E PAY+1 BUT WE FELT ?AT 9 TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY = \R NEI<BORHOOD1 WE W]E DO+ A SMALL ?+ = EV]YONE1 TOO4 

,= ! TW5TIE? ANNIV]S>Y ( ,E>? ,DAY 9 #a#i#i1 WE ORGANIZ$ A DEA? LOTT]Y BAS$ ON ! PROGNO/ICATIONS ( DEA?S-P]-MILLION CAUS$ BY ! 9C9]ATOR1 ) A ,NEW ,ORLEANS-/YLE JAZZ FUN]AL PROCESSION BE>+ C>DBO>D C(F9S & 5D+ 9 A DIE-94 ,WE EV5 MANAG$ TO HELP GET ! ,BEA/ %UT D[N = A :ILE4 ,:5 IT />T$ BACK UP1 TWO MEMB]S ( \R GR\P OCCUPI$ ! GOV]NOR'S (FICE1 *A9+ !MSELVES TO ! HEAVY FURNITURE4 ,!SE W]E F> FROM ! ONLY PROTE/S OR ACTIVITIES WE TRI$2 !RE W]E MANY PICKET L9ES & PROTE/S 9 BETWE54 ,BUT HAV+ FEW >R[S 9 \R QUIV]1 WE T5D$ TO TRY ANY?+ & EV]Y?+4 

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,>\ND ! TIME WE W]E LOS+ ! FI<T 9 ! E>LY #a#i#iS1 MANY ( US TURN$ \R 5]GIES TO OPPOS+ ! ,FIR/ ,GULF ,W> 9 ! FALL & W9T] ( #a#i#i#a4 ,WE CONT9U$ TO L9K \R VISION ( SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE & NEW RADICAL P]SPECTIVES4 ,9 \R OPPOSITION TO ! 9C9]ATOR WE HAD CONNECT$ ! DOTS1 = EXAMPLE PO9T+ \T ?AT ,COMBU/ION ,5G9E]+1 :I* BUILT ! 9C9]ATOR1 HAD WORK$ ON ! ,F]MI ,I NUKE PLANT 9 ,MONROE1 ,MI*IGAN1 S\? ( US1 :I* SUFF]$ A P>TIAL MELTD[N & 0ALMO/ LO/ ,DETROIT0 7AS ! FAM\S BOOK TITLE PUT IT74 VIII 

,WE ALSO BR\<T UP 5VIRONM5TAL RACISM1 NOT ONLY 9 :]E ! 9C9]ATOR WAS SIT$ BUT ALSO ! 9VOLVEM5T ( ! COMPANIES F9ANC+ & BUILD+ ! 9C9]ATOR ) ! ,S\? ,AFRICAN AP>!ID REGIME1 9CLUD+ ,COMBU/ION ,5G9E]+ 7:I* MEANT ?AT ! ,CITY ( ,DETROIT1 O/5SIBLY SUPPORT+ ?AT DECADE'S ,B,D,S MOVEM5T AGA9/ ,S\? ,AFRICA1 WAS PROHIBIT$ FROM DO+ BUS9ESS ) SU* COMPANIES74 IX 

,WE L9K$ \R /RUGGLE TO ANTI-TOXICS MOVEM5TS1 /RUGGLES AGA9/ DE/RUCTIVE M9+ & LOGG+ 9 WE/]N /ATES & ELSE:]E1 & TO 9DIG5\S L& RI<TS & 5VIRONM5TAL /RUGGLES 79CLUD+1 = EXAMPLE1 CONNECT+ ) ! PEOPLE ( ! NATIVE RES]VE AT ,WALPOLE ,ISL&1 EA/ ( ! 9C9]ATOR1 :O DRAMATICALLY ?REAT5$ TO DECL>E W> ON ! ,CITY ( ,DETROIT = S5D+ ITS 9C9]ATION PLUME & A% P>TICULATE EA/W>D OV] !M74 

,WE PO9T$ \T ?AT ?IS MON/ROSITY W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 BUILT 9 A WEAL?Y :ITE SUBURB 7?\< WELL-HEEL$ SUBURBS TO ! EA/ ALSO DID RECEIVE ! PLUME74 ,?IS DIDN'T /OP ! CITY ADM9I/RATION FROM VILIFY+ US ALT]NATELY AS WILD-EY$ 0,CASS ,CORRIDOR RADICALS0 7:I* WE W]E7 & AS :ITE SUBURBANITES 7WE W]5'T74 

,TRU? BE TOLD1 WE W]E MO/LY :ITE4 ,IT WAS H>D TO CONV9CE ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICANS 7OR ANYONE ELSE7 9 ,DETROIT TO ACTIVELY OPPOSE ! P[]FUL & *>ISMATIC ,MAYOR ,COLEMAN ,Y\NG1 :O BE+ ! FIR/ BLACK MAYOR WAS POPUL>1 & :OM WE ALSO DEF5D$ AGA9/ ! RACI/ SUBURBAN N>RATIVE ?AT HE WAS ! CAUSE ( ,DETROIT'S PROBLEMS4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE W]E ALWAYS SUBURBANITES 7& ,CANADIANS = ?AT MATT]1 & O!RS7 AT \R DEMON/RATIONS & CONF]5CES4 ,WE WORK$ ) JU/ AB\T ANYONE WILL+ TO ACKN[L$GE ! PROBLEM4 

,! PEOPLE 9 ?OSE NEI<BORHOODS DIRECTLY >\ND ! 9C9]ATOR1 MO/LY POOR1 BLACK1 OR IMMIGRANT1 HAD SO MANY PROBLEMS ?AT ?IS NEW ABUSE DIDN'T APPE> TO BE ! MO/ PRESS+4 ,& YET !Y ALMO/ ALWAYS SAID !Y SUPPORT$ US & ?ANK$ US = \R WORK4 ,WE GAVE !M TREES & MET LOCAL ELD]S & COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S & G>D5]S4 7,! 0,G>D5+ ,ANGELS0 WE MET1 = EXAMPLE1 W\LD GRADUALLY COME TO %APE A NEW ,DETROIT1 ! URBAN F>M & G>D5 CITY MANY PEOPLE HAVE S9CE COME TO HE> AB\T47 

,9 FACT1 PEOPLE ALL OV] ! CITY T5D$ TO AGREE ) US :5 ! PROBLEM WAS EXPLA9$ CLE>LY4 7,BIG SURPRISE1 ?AT WAS SOME?+ ! LOCAL CORPORATE M$IA NEV] DID4 ,!Y VILIFI$ US AS EFFETE1 UNREALI/IC DREAM]S OR WORSE2 AFT] ,GRE5PEACE1 WORK+ ) US1 HUNG ANTI-9C9]ATOR BANN]S ON ! CON/RUCTION CRANES1 D[NT[N BUILD+S1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL BRIDGE TO ,CANADA1 CITY ADM9I/RATION PUBLICI/S & ! M$IA D5\NC$ US AS 05VIRONM5TAL T]RORI/S407 

,?\< ! PATRIOTIC HOOPLA ( ! ,FIR/ ,GULF ,W> MUFFL$ MANY ACTIVE 0NEW MOVEM5TS0 LIKE \RS 7AS IT WAS DESIGN$ TO DO71 POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS MATUR$ OV] ! FOLL[+ DECADES AB\T ! 9T]LOCK+ ISSUES ( RACE1 CLASS1 ! 5VIRONM5T1 & O!R QUE/IONS1 & LAT] G5]ATIONS ( SOPHI/ICAT$ ANTI-9C9]ATOR ACTIVI/S EM]G$4 ,! NEW 7ALONG ) A FEW OLD7 ACTIVI/S W]E MORE SM>T & DIV]SE1 ) MORE COLOR 9 !IR PALETTE1 :I* WAS 5C\RAG+4 ,!Y W5T ALONG ACCUMULAT+ A MORE & MORE USEFUL KN[L$GE BASE1 TOO4 

,I WAS WORK+ ON O!R PROJECTS--PUTT+ \T A NEWSPAP] MAKES ONE A G5]ALI/1 OR P]HAPS A DILETTANTE--BUT ,I WAS HAPPY TO HE> AB\T & TO TELL O!RS AB\T ANTI-9C9]ATOR ACTIVISM 7= EXAMPLE AGA9/ 9C9]ATORS 9 LOCAL SMALL MUNICIPALITIES ( ,MADISON ,HEI<TS & ,HAMTRAMCK1 ON :I* OLD ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE MILITANTS COLLABORAT$74 ,MY OLD COMRADES & ,I W]E GRATEFUL = ! ,GREAT ,LAKES ,5VIRONM5TAL ,LAW ,C5T]1 ,Z]O ,WA/E ,DETROIT1 & ,BREA! ,FREE ,DETROIT1 GR\PS ?AT WORK$ TIRELESSLY = YE>S TO DOCUM5T ! 9C9]ATOR'S VIOLATIONS & %UT IT D[N1 & WE LET PEOPLE KN[ AB\T !M1 TOO4 

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,:5 ! 9C9]ATOR CLOS$1 ,BREA! ,FREE ,DETROIT CELEBRAT$ ! MOVE1 CONGRATULAT$ ! ACTIVI/S :O HAD F\<T ! 9C9]ATOR = ?IRTY-PLUS YE>S1 & V[$ TO CONT9UE FI<T+ = Z]O WA/E & 0A JU/ TRANSITION0 = LAID-(F PLANT WORK]S TO 0NEW GRE5 UNION JOBS10 & EV5 = PROTECTIONS = RESID5TS FROM G5TRIFICATION 9 ! C5TRAL CITY NEI<BORHOODS 79CLUD+ \R OLD NEI<BORHOOD1 ! ,CASS ,CORRIDOR1 N[ REBR&$ 0,MIDT[N0 BY REAL E/ATE SPECULATORS & ! OV]LY 5?USIA/IC T\RI/S & NEW RESID5TS74 

,TODD ,GRZE*1 ! ,C,E,O ( ,DETROIT ,R5EWABLE ,P[] 7AN EXAMPLE ( FALSE ADV]TIS+ IF EV] !RE WAS ONE71 :I* B\<T ! FACILITY 9 #bah & SP5T MILLIONS ( DOLL>S FAIL+ TO RUN IT PR(ITABLY1 ASSUR$ ! M$IA ?AT !RE W\LD BE A 0SEAMLESS0 TRANSITION TO S5D ! ?REE ?\S& TONS ( WA/E ?AT WAS BE+ 9C9]AT$ DAILY TO FACILITIES ELSE:]E4 

0,:5 WE LOOK$ AT IT10 ,GRZE*1 EXPLA9$1 0!RE WAS JU/ NOT 5\< MONEY 9 ! WORLD TO BE A GOOD NEI<BOR1 CREATE VALUE = \R CU/OM]S1 & GO =W>D AS A BUS9ESS 5TITY40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AS ,NANCY ,KAFF]1 A LOCAL NEWSPAP] WRIT]1 PUT IT1 ! 9C9]ATOR C\LDN'T TURN A PR(IT )\T BREAK+ ! LAW4 X 

,TRULY1 ! ,BEA/ NEV] C\LD FUNCTION )\T VIOLAT+ NOT ONLY 9ADEQUATE 5VIRONM5TAL LAWS BUT ! FUNDAM5TAL1 UNWRITT5 LAWS ( HUMAN DEC5CY4 

,EV]Y EMPIRE REQUIRES COLONIES & SACRIFICE ZONES1 & :]EV] G>BAGE IS 0DISPOS$ (0--MORE FALSE ADV]TIS+1 S9CE NO?+ IS EV] DISPOS$ (1 & 0EV]Y?+ MU/ GO SOME:]E10 AS ,B>RY ,COMMON] FAM\SLY PO9T$ \T--!RE Y\ (T5 F9D SOCIETY'S POORE/ PEOPLE1 DISPOS$ ( ) ! SAME IMP]IAL 9DIFF]5CE4 

,! NEI<BORHOODS SURR\ND+ ! 9C9]ATOR W]E A SACRIFICE ZONE 9 A CITY ?AT HAD BE5 & ?AT CONT9UES TO BE PLUND]$ & SACRIFIC$4 ,!RE1 CAPITALISM'S WA/E WAS BURN$ AT A B>GA9--A B>GA9 TO ?OSE :O %IPP$ IT !RE 0SEAMLESSLY10 TO BORR[ ,MR4 ,GRZE*'S MEMORABLE PHRASE--& SUBSIDIZ$ ) A V5GEANCE BY ! LONG-SUFF]+ RESID5TS ( NEI<BORHOODS REPRES5T+ SOME ( ! POORE/ ZIP CODES 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,IT WAS ALSO SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! TAXPAY]S ( ! POOR1 MAJORITY-BLACK CITY1 AS WELL AS ,SUMPT] ,T[N%IP1 A WORK+ CLASS MUNICIPALITY 9 S\?WE/ ,WAYNE ,C\NTY1 :]E ! TOXIC A% RESIDUE WAS DUMP$1 ALONG ) VA/ QUANTITIES ( MUNICIPAL WA/E1 9 9ADEQUATE L&FILLS4 XI 

,NO D\BT ! DOGG$ EF=TS ( COMMUNITY & 5VIRONM5TAL GR\PS TO DOCUM5T ! 9C9]ATOR'S VIOLATIONS ( ! LAW PLAY$ AN 5ORM\S ROLE 9 %UTT+ IT D[N4 ,!IR P]SI/5T COMPLA9TS & !IR EXP&+ DATA BASE1 !IR PRESSURE ON ! ,MI*IGAN ,DEP>TM5T ( ,5VIRONM5TAL ,QUALITY 7,M,D,E,Q71 & A PETITION CAMPAIGN ?AT DELIV]$ FIFTE5 ?\S& SIGNATURES TO ,DETROIT ,MAYOR ,MIKE ,DUGGAN ALL CONTRIBUT$4 ,?AT WAS SOME?+ A LOOSE 0COALITION ( 9DIVIDUALS10 AS WE CALL$ \RSELVES--) A %>$ CONC]N BUT A DEC5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURE & SOME:AT LESS CONS5SUS ON ACTION--WAS NOT ABLE TO SU/A94 XII ,GR[+ PUBLIC AW>5ESS1 ALSO ?ANKS TO ! ACTIVI/S1 & A NEW ,DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATION 9 ,LANS+ CAME 9TO PLAY AS WELL1 AS DID AN 9FLUX ( Y\NG MIDDLE CLASS :ITES & G5TRIFICATION ( ! CITY CORE 79CLUD+ ! CON/RUCTION ( LUXURY L(TS NOT F> FROM ! 9C9]ATOR ?AT >E N[ BE+ (F]$ = HALF A MILLION & EV5 UP TO A MILLION DOLL>S A %OT74 

,MOREOV]1 AS 9C9]ATOR OPPON5TS HAD W>N$ FROM ! BEG9N+1 ! FACILITY TURN$ \T TO BE A MASSIVE PUBLIC BOONDOGGLE ?AT %ACKL$ ! ,CITY ( ,DETROIT ) DEBT = ! CON/RUCTION & DISPROPORTIONATELY HI< PAYM5TS TO BURN ITS [N TRA% COMP>$ TO :AT \TSIDE MUNICIPALITIES PAID TO S5D !IRS TO IT4 ,9 #a#i#i1 ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE ACTIVI/S1 ) ! HELP ( SEV]AL NATIONALLY PROM95T SCI5TI/S1 PLAY$ A ROLE 9 GETT+ ! 9C9]ATOR %UT D[N BRIEFLY AFT] IT FAIL$ ITS REQUIR$ AIR EMISSIONS TE/ = M]CURY1 HYDRO*LORIC ACID1 & DIOX9S_/FURANS4 ,9 A BACKROOM DEAL1 ! ,CITY GOT ! ,M,A,P,C,C TO ALL[ ! 9C9]ATOR TO />T BACK UP ) A PROMISE ( RETR(ITT+ BA<\SE_/SCRUBB] TE*NOLOGY 7:I* HAD BE5 A DEM& ( MA9/REAM 5VIRONM5TALI/ GR\PS1 & :I* WE SAID W\LD ONLY %IFT ! POLLUTION >\ND74 

,! ,CITY !N SOLD ! 9C9]ATOR TO ,PHILIP ,MORRIS ,CAPITAL 7YES1 ! BIGGE/ PURVEYOR ( TOBACCO 9 ! WORLD71 :ILE MA9TA9+ ! BOND DEBT = CON/RUCTION & ! ADDITION ( ! NEW EQUIPM5T4 ,IT TOOK ! BELEAGU]$ CITY TAXPAY]S TW5TY YE>S TO PAY (F :AT 5D$ UP BE+ A BILLION-PLUS DOLL>S 9 DEBT4 ,?R\<\T ITS T5URE1 PRIVATE OP]ATORS CONT9U$ TO %AKE ! ,CITY D[N = TAX BREAKS4 

,ANO!R REASON = ! 9C9]ATOR'S DEMISE1 SEEM$ TO BE OV]LOOK$ 9 REC5T COMM5T>Y3 ,AS WE >GU$ 9 ! #a#i#hS1 ! 9C9]ATOR WAS A TE*NO-FIX 5G9E]$ TO RESPOND TO A WA/E CRISIS CREAT$ BY ! ?R[AWAY SOCIETY4 

,AS AN 5D-(-L9E 5G9E]+ SOLUTION TO FRONT-5D SOCIAL PROBLEMS--E4G41 9SATIABLE CONSUM] CRAV+1 A PACKAG+ MANIA BAS$ ON A FECKLESS OBSESSION ) CONV5I5CE1 & PLANN$ OBSOLESC5CE 5G9E]$ BY PR(IT-DRIV5 CORPORATIONS--! 9C9]ATOR WAS ITSELF A PRODUCT ?AT W\LD 9EVITABLY WE> \T1 9 AB\T ?IRTY YE>S4 

,ONCE DEPLET$1 DET]IORAT$1 ! BOIL]S1 BURN]S1 CONTROLS1 BA<\SE FILT]S1 SCRUBB]S1 :ATEV] IT WAS !Y FITT$ OR RETRO-FITT$1 W\LD HAVE TO BE REPLAC$--& SALVAG$1 DUMP$ 9 A L&FILL1 OR 9C9]AT$ BY SOME O!R ,BEA/4 ,?AT WAS :Y IT F9ALLY C\LD NOT FUNCTION1 EV5 ) TRANSP>5TLY 9ADEQUATE SAFETY REGULATIONS & LAWS1 EXCEPT ?R\< ONGO+ TOXIC RELEASES1 /5*1 9CREAS+ NOISE1 & WANTON DISREG>D = ! COMMUNITY & ! PLANET4 7,ACCORD+ TO ,M,D,E,Q RECORDS1 ! ,FREE ,PRESS REPORT$ 9 #b#a#h1 ! 9C9]ATOR HAD EXCE$$ POLLUTION EMISSION /&>DS--SU* AS !Y W]E--MORE ?AN #ge TIMES 9 ! PREVI\S FIVE YE>S47 

 "9 "9 "9 

,! MAYORS ( MUNICIPALITIES SURR\ND+ ,DETROIT 7& PO9TS BEYOND7 W]E N[ SCRAMBL+ TO F9D O!R PLACES TO ACCEPT !IR MUNICIPAL WA/E4 ,JIM ,F\TS1 ! MAYOR ( ,W>R51 :I* BORD]S ,DETROIT TO ! NOR? & S5T ITS TRA% TO ! 9C9]ATOR1 CALL$ ! NEWS ( ! %UT-D[N 0SOME:AT SURPRIS+0--:I* SUGGE/$ ?AT POLITICIANS MAY HAVE KN[N MORE ?AN ACKN[L$G$--BUT GU>ANTE$ !RE W\LD BE NO DISRUPTION ( TRA% PICK-UP 9 ! SPRAWL+ SUBURB4 ,HE ADD$ ?AT HE ?\<T IT N[ TIME TO RE?9K ! ?R[AWAY SOCIETY1 COMM5T+ TO ! ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS1 0,:AT IS ! PRIORITY--! 5VIRONM5T OR \R COM=T80 

,?IS CONV5I5T UTT]ANCE WAS ONE MORE EXAMPLE ( TALK+ AB\T ! WEA!R 7& N[ ! CLIMATE7 BUT DO+ NO?+ AB\T IT4 ,IT REVEALS H[ WE HAVE BE5 LEFT MORE OR LESS :]E WE BEGAN1 ) ! MANTRA ( 0R$UCE1 REUSE1 RECYCLE10 ETC41 BUT ) AN ADD$ BURD5 ( ?IRTY YE>S ( WA/E1 9C9]ATION RESIDUES1 & MYRIAD O!R ECOLOGICAL TRAVE/IES TO CONT5D )--A PE/IL5TIAL1 9DU/RIAL ,HYDRA BEYOND ! IMAG9ATION ( ! MAYOR ( ,MI*IGAN'S ?IRD L>GE/ CITY TO ADDRESS4 ,BEYOND HIS IMAG9ATION1 ,I %\LD MAKE CLE>1 BECAUSE ! FIR/ T]M 9 ! RECYCL+ MANTRA1 0R$UCE10 & ! IMPLICATIONS ( R$UCTION1 >E CONCEPTS SUGGE/+ A R5UNCIATION ?AT W\LD 9 FACT BE A MORE AU!NTIC ABUNDANCE1 ! WAY R5\NC+ A BALEFUL ADDICTION C\LD BE ! PORTAL TO A HAPPI] & MORE MEAN+FUL LIFE4 

,?IS IS AN IDEA WELL BEYOND ! DOM9ANT SOCIAL IMAG9>Y1 AT LEA/ 9 SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL T]MS--SEE+ CONSUM] CAPITALISM AS A LIFE-DE/ROY+ ADDICTION1 & R$UC+1 REUS+1 & R5\NC+ AS MEANS TO A DEEP] LIFE ( 0SIMPLICITY1 9DEP5D5CE1 MAGNANIMITY1 & TRU/10 9DE$ ( WISDOM ITSELF1 AS RECOV]Y4 XIII 

,EV5 PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 ?9K+ AB\T SU* ?+S >E AT A LOSS4 

0,ITS CLOS+ IS A BLESS+10 SAID ,M>G>ET ,WEB]1 ANO!R ,Z]O ,WA/E ACTIVI/ :O HAS SP5T DECADES NOT JU/ TALK+ BUT TRY+ TO DO SOME?+4 0,BUT :AT HAPP5S TO \R WA/E8 ,?IS EV5T TELLS US ?AT ! TIME IS N[ = 9T5SIVE PLANN+40 

0,I DANC$ TODAY10 ,TURN]-,H&Y SAID4 0,BUT WE NE$ TO GET TO WORK TOMORR[1 BECAUSE N[ :AT DO WE DO ) ! TRA%8 ,WE DO NOT HAVE A SOLID WA/E MANAGEM5T POLICY 9 PLACE40 

,?AT PLANN+ & POLICY %\LD HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ DECADES AGO4 ,?AT DOESN'T MEAN WE CAN AVOID RE?9K+ & PLANN+ N[1 ?\< IT SEEMS LATE 9 ! GAME4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! 9C9]ATOR WILL />T BURN+ NATURAL GAS TO HEAT & COOL D[NT[N--MORE BUS9ESS AS USUAL4 

,?IRTY YE>S D[N ! L9E1 RECYCL+ HAS ALSO HAD ITS BOOM & BU/ BECAUSE IT BECAME AN 5D-(-L9E ANSW]1 AN EXAMPLE ( ! 5G9E]+ FALLACY 7,$EL/E9'S PHRASE71 DRIV5 BY 5TREPR5EURIAL & CORPORATE AV>ICE1 TO A PROBLEM ( SOCIAL PRACTICE--TO R$UCTION1 DECEL]ATION1 DEGR[?1 & A BROAD REORI5TATION ( VALUES4 ,RECYCL+ ( MUNICIPAL WA/E--:I* REPRES5TS AB\T TWO P]C5T ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM TOTAL--EV5TUALLY CAME TO BE DESIGN$ ) A M9DLESS CONSUM] 9 M9D1 AS S\RCE SEP>ATION WAS AB&ON$ & RESID5TS W]E TOLD TO ?R[ EV]Y?+ 9TO ! SAME B94 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! PLA/IC TSUNAMI CONT9U$ UNABAT$4 ,CONSUM]S :O B>ELY PAID ATT5TION EI!R DIDN'T BO!R TO RECYCLE AT ALL1 OR ?REW TRA% 9TO ! B9S ?AT !IR LOCAL MUNICIPAL CIRCUL>S TOLD !M C\LD NOT BE RECYCL$4 ,O!RS1 \T ( RECYCL+ ZEAL1 TRI$ TO ?R[ EV]Y?+ 9 ?AT LOOK$ POSSIBLE TO RECYCLE1 :I* ALSO CONTAM9AT$ ! RECYCL+ /REAM4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ,*9A--:I* DID MANAGE TO MAKE MONEY ON ! B>GA9 BY BUY+ RECYCLABLE MAT]IALS FROM ! ,WE/ & PROCESS+ !M 9 ITS [N SACRIFICE ZONES--TURN$ ! WA/E BACK BECAUSE IT WAS NO LONG] FEASIBLE1 AS ) ! 9C9]ATOR 9 ,DETROIT1 TO 0CREATE VALUE40 

,RECYCL+ 9 ! ,U4,S4 HAS GONE 9TO A DEA? SPIRAL1 ) MUNICIPAL RECYCL+ GO+ TO L&FILLS & TO OBSOLESC5T1 TOX9-SPEW+ 9C9]ATORS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,PHILADELPHIA N[ S5DS HALF ( ITS COLLECT$ RECYCLABLES TO A WA/E 9C9]ATOR 9 ,*E/]1 ,P5NSYLVANIA--AB\T TWO HUNDR$ TONS A DAY--WORS5+ 0AN ALREADY AL>M+ HEAL? SITUATION0 9 ! T[N1 SEV5TY P]C5T BLACK1 :]E F\R 9 T5 PEOPLE SUFF] FROM A/HMA1 & :]E ! ,COV5TA ,9C9]ATOR WAS ALREADY BURN+ ?IRTY-FIVE HUNDR$ TONS ( TRA% A DAY4 XIV 

,ACCORD+ TO ,MO!R ,JONES WRIT] ,JACKIE ,FLYNN ,MOG5S51 0,ONE ,V]Y ,BAD ,HABIT ,IS ,FUEL+ ! ,GLOBAL ,RECYCL+ ,MELTD[N03 AN EXCESSIVE1 MISGUID$ ZEAL--0WI%CYCL+0--?AT IS1 TRY+ TO GET EV]Y?+ 9TO ! RECYCL+ BOX1 9CLUD+ OBJECTS ?AT F\L ! RECYCL+ /REAM4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS EXCESSIVE ZEAL TO RECYCLE1 :I* IS A REAL PH5OM5ON1 IS NOT ! 0ONE BAD HABIT0 CAUS+ ! PROBLEM1 EV5 ON ! ,WE/ ,COA/2 TWO1 ?REE1 MANY BAD HABITS LIE BEL[ ?AT SURFACE4 ,IT IS WI%FUL ?9K+1 TO BE SURE1 A K9D ( D5IAL & WILLFUL IGNORANCE1 S9CE PEOPLE C\LD RESE>* :AT CAN BE RECYCL$ & H[--TO !IR DISMAY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MO/ PEOPLE >E B>ELY PAY+ ATT5TION1 EI!R BECAUSE !Y >E TOO BEAT5 D[N OR TOO BUSY BUY+4 ,= TOO MANY PEOPLE1 ,MO!R ,E>?1 ! GLOBAL LIFE WEB1 REMA9S 7AS A ,TRUMP ADM9I/RATION FLACK PUT IT AT ! REC5T ,G#g MEET+7 0A NI*E ISSUE40 XV 

,AS WE >GU$ 9 ! BEG9N+1 ANY S]I\S ?9K+ AB\T TRA% 9C9]ATION HAD TO LEAD TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT IT WAS JU/ ONE ( A PANOPLY ( ASSAULTS ON ! ECOLOGICAL LIFE WEB & HUMAN HEAL?--A SMALL PIECE ( BUS9ESS-AS-USUAL1 H[EV] H>MFUL ITS SPECIFIC & V>I\S EFFECTS4 ,& IT WAS H>MFUL3 TRA% 9C9]ATION WAS ALREADY ?\<T TO BE ! MAJOR S\RCE ( DIOX9S 9 ! 5VIRONM5T1 & A LEAD+ CAUSE ( ACID RA91 :I*1 WE >GU$ 9 ,WE ,SAY ,NO61 WAS 09 TURN RAPIDLY %R$D+ ! DELICATE NATURAL WEB ( WEA!R1 WAT]1 & SOIL--! BRAN* ( NATURE'S SACR$ TREE ON :I* HUMANITY ALSO SITS40 

,H]E WE W]E ?9K+ NOT JU/ ( ACID RA91 BUT MORE BROADLY ( GLOBAL W>M+1 :I* WE W]E ONLY />T+ TO LE>N AB\T4 ,& ?\< WE CALL$ IT A 0SL[-ACT+ APOCALYPSE10 IT WASN'T AS SL[ AS WE ?\<T4 ,\R [N SMALL FRAGM5T ( BO? DOM9ANT & OPPOSITIONAL SOCIAL IMAG9>IES WAS NOT CLE> OR DEEP 5\< TO ADDRESS FULLY :AT WE W]E TALK+ AB\T1 EI!R1 ?\< WE W]E ALREADY AL>M$4 

0,BESIDES BE+ A WAY = A FEW PEOPLE TO MAKE A BUNDLE ( MONEY 7!RE IS MONEY 9 EV]Y?+710 ,I WROTE 9 \R PUBLICATION1 ! 9C9]ATOR444 

ALL[S SOCIETY TO TEMPOR>ILY IGNORE ! REAL S\RCES ( ! CRISIS :ILE AT ! SAME TIME TURN+ ! 9DU/RIAL RAT*ET ANO!R NOT* BY RE>RANG+ ! TOXIC S\P 444 9TO AN EV5 DEADLI] MIX 444 ,WE NE$ TO LOOK AT ! :OLE PRODUCTION_/CONSUMPTION SY/EM1 ) ALL ( ITS 9T]LOCK+ FACTORS 444 ,& IF WE />T TODAY TO REV]SE CONTAM9ATION1 CAN WE EV5 TURN ! PROCESS >\ND8 

,9 ?IS >TICLE & O!RS1 WE PRES5T$ ! LITANY3 PROBLEMATIC NUCLE> PLANTS1 DIOX9 9 MO!RS' MILK1 SOME TWO MILLION *EMICALS PRODUC$ BY 9DU/RY1 NOT OCCURR+ NATURALLY 9 NATURE4 ,! RA9=E/S ?REAT5$1 SPECIES DISAPPE>+ V]TIG9\SLY1 DR9K+ WAT] DISAPPE>+ OR CONTAM9AT$1 RIS+ /ATI/ICS ON BIR? DEFECTS & CANC]1 FIFTY ?\S& TOXIC WA/E DUMPS 9 ! ,U4,S41 & SOME N9ETY P]C5T ( ! N9ETY MILLION P\NDS ( TOXIC WA/E PRODUC$ ANNUALLY BY ,U4,S4 9DU/RY 7SEV5TY P]C5T ( IT FROM ! *EMICAL COMPANIES7 DISPOS$ ( 0IMPROP]LY10 ACCORD+ TO ! ,5VIRONM5TAL ,PROTECTION ,AG5CY4 7,IT WAS NATURAL TO WOND] :AT W\LD BE CONSID]$ 0PROP]407XVI 

,IT WAS A CLIMATE CRISIS ALREADY1 AN ECOLOGICAL CRISIS CALL+ = CRISIS MEASURES1 & WE ALWAYS PO9T$ TO ! ,BIG ,PICTURE4 ,BUT WE W]E NEV] ABLE TO M>%AL MORE ?AN AB\T FIVE OR P]HAPS SIX HUNDR$ PEOPLE AT \R FE/IVE M>*ES4 ,WE US$ TO JOKE D>KLY AB\T ! NUMB]S ( PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ FROM \R NEI<BORHOOD1 UND] ! FETID %R\D ( ! 9C9]ATOR PLUME1 HEAD+ (F 9/EAD ON A ,SATURDAY TO ,POTT]Y ,B>N OR ,HOME ,DEPOT TO BUY :AT !Y NE$$ TO SPRUCE UP :AT W]E LIKELY 7OR AT LEA/ SYMBOLICALLY7 TO BE !IR TOMBS4 

,?REE DECADES HAVE N[ FL[N BY1 & ! APOCALYPSE HAS CONT9U$ TO ROLL ON4 ,9 #aihf AN E>LY $ITION ( ,WE ,SAY ,NO6 REPORT$ ON A ,D[ ,*EMICAL ,COMPANY *EMICAL SPILL AT ,S>NIA1 ,ONT>IO1 ON ! ,/4 ,CLAIR ,RIV]1 :]E ,GREAT ,LAKES WAT]S FL[ 9TO ,LAKE ,/4 ,CLAIR & FROM !RE 9TO ! ,DETROIT ,RIV]4 ,AN E/IMAT$ F\R ?\S& P\NDS ( POLYE?YL5E P[D]1 9T5D$ TO PRODUCE PLA/IC MILK JUGS1 WAS 0ACCID5TALLY0 RELEAS$ BY ! COMPANY 9TO ! RIV]--:I* WAS1 ACCORD+ TO A ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS REPORT1 AT LEA/ ! FIF? SU* SPILL = ! YE>4 0,WE DIDN'T RECOV] ANY?+10 A COMPANY SPOKESMAN SAID1 :I* HE CALL$ 0AN 9DICATOR ( H[ LITTLE ACTUALLY GOT 9TO ! RIV]40 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS ASSUR$ ITS READ]S ?AT ,D[ WAS CREAT+ NEW TRA9+ PROGRAMS TO PREV5T SPILLS4 ,NO ONE WAS TALK+ AB\T MICROPLA/ICS !N--OR ! ,AN?ROPOC5E1 = :I* ! UBIQUIT\SNESS ( PLA/IC IS A KEY M>K]4 ,BUT WE KN[ N[ ?AT NOT RECOV]+ ANY?+ WAS H>DLY AN 9DICATOR ( LITTLE GETT+ 9TO ! WAT]--& !N 9TO US4 XVII 

 "9 "9 "9 

,! NEWS IS CALAMIT\S ON EV]Y FRONT4 ,= ! LA/ YE> OR TWO 9 P>TICUL>1 IT SEEMS EV]Y WEEK OR TWO SOME NEW REPORT COMES \T TO TELL US ?AT ! *ANGES 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION IS BR++ AB\T >E F> MORE F>-REA*+1 & WORK+ F> MORE RAPIDLY1 ?AN PREVI\SLY ?\<T2 & ?AT ! PROPOS$ MEASURES TO CONFRONT ! PROBLEM1 :I* NO C\NTRY IS EV5 A*IEV+1 >E DRAMATICALLY 9ADEQUATE TO ! ?REAT4 

,9 ,OCTOB] #b#a#h1 :5 ! ,U4,N4 ,9T]GOV]NM5TAL ,PANEL ON ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 7,I,P,C,C7 ANN\NC$ ?AT HUMANITY HAD AB\T A DECADE TO TURN ?+S >\ND TO AVOID UNPREC$5T$ CATA/ROPHE1 W>N+ ?AT !RE WAS 0'NO DOCUM5T$ HI/ORIC PREC$5T' = ! SWEEP+ *ANGE TO 5]GY1 TRANSPORTATION1 & O!R SY/EMS REQUIR$ TO REA* #a4#e DEGREES ,CELSIUS40 ,A TEAM ( SCI5TI/S WROTE 9 #baf ?AT ! *ANGES OCCURR+ DUE TO HUMAN-CAUS$ GLOBAL W>M+ WILL 0EXT5D LONG] ?AN ! 5TIRE HI/ORY ( HUMAN CIVILIZATION ?US F>40 XVIII ,]IK ,SOLHEIM1 ! EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,5VIRONM5T ,PROGRAM1 COMM5T$ ?AT ! SIGNS >E 0LIKE A DEAF5+1 PI]C+ SMOKE AL>M GO+ (F 9 ! KIT*540 ,BUT FEW >E PAY+ MU* ATT5TION1 MO/ >E JU/ GO+ AB\T !IR BUS9ESS-AS-USUAL1 & A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] >E ACTIVELY RESI/+ TAK+ MEASURES4 XIX 

,WE >E SEE+ A NEW & DESP]ATE NORMAL1 ) DE/RUCTIVE /ORMS ALONG ! COA/S & 9 ! CONT95TAL 9T]IORS2 & HI< HEAT1 CYCLONES & TORNADOS1 FLOOD+ & GIGANTIC WILDFIRES4 ,BUT WE >E NOT FAC+ ! CLIMATE CRISIS ONLY3 ! MASS EXT9CTION SPASM ( BIODIV]SITY1 HUGE SWA!S ( DE=E/ATION1 A TOXIC CONTAM9ATION CRISIS1 ! CRISIS 9 AGRICULTURE1 ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! F\NDATIONS ( ! FOOD WEB & ( POLL9ATORS 7! DISAPPE>ANCE ( KRILL & ! SO-CALL$ 09SECTAG$DON07 WAT] W>S & WAT] CONTAM9ATION--IT'S ! ,HYDRA4 XX 

,WE >E1 AS ONE COMM5TATOR ON ! ,AN?ROPOC5E NOTORI\SLY PUT IT1 0FUCK$40 XXI 

,& S9CE !RE IS ALSO LITTLE DOCUM5T$ HI/ORICAL PREC$5T = SU* *ANGES AT ALL1 & SCI5CE IS WEAK ON ?RE%OLDS1 IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE ?AT WE HAVE EV5 LESS TIME ?AN SCI5TI/S >E N[ SAY+4 

,S9CE SCI5TI/S1 RA!R ?AN BE+ AL>MI/S1 HAVE BE5 NOTORI\SLY CAUTI\S 9 !IR PROGNOSES1 & S9CE EV]Y?+ HAS MOV$ FA/] ?AN !Y HAVE W>N$1 !RE IS REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ?IS LATE/ PR$ICTION IS TOO CONS]VATIVE4 XXII ,= N[ ONE CAN ONLY HOPE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE HUMANITY CAN SURVIVE ?IS CRISIS IF WE BEG9 TO ACT ) 0SOLID>ITY & COORD9ATION ON A GLOBAL SCALE10 ON ?IS 0%R9K+ PLANET10 AS ,BILL ,MC,KIBB5 PUTS IT4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT COMM5DABLE1 9DEFATIGABLE ACTIVI/ ADDS ?AT1 RI<T N[1 0,! *ANCES ( ?AT LOOK SLIM40 ,HE MUSES1 0,9 ! FACE ( \R 5VIRONM5TAL DET]IORATION1 IT'S N[ REASONABLE TO ASK :E!R ! HUMAN GAME HAS BEGUN TO FALT]--P]HAPS EV5 TO PLAY ITSELF \T40 XXIII 

,LET'S FACE IT2 ! CRISIS = :I* ! 9C9]ATOR FUNCTION$ AS A METAPHOR OR OBJECT LESSON IS A CRISIS 9 CIVILIZATION1 A CRISIS 9 CULTURE1 CONSCI5CE1 & *>ACT]4 ,H[EV] MU* ! CORPORATE & /ATE P[] COMPLEX HAS CREAT$ !SE PROBLEMS & CONT9UES TO RESI/ SOCIAL *ANGE1 ! /5* ( G>BAGE1 ( \R [N %IT1 REM9DS US ( \R D5IAL1 \R COMPLICITY1 \R DI/RACT$ BUS9ESS-AS-USUAL1 NOT JU/ 0!IRS40 ,BUT S9CE PESSIMISM HAS A T5D5CY TO DRIFT 9TO 9ACTION1 & !RE IS NOT MU* PO9T 9 RUM9AT+ ON ! 9COH]5CE ( MASS SOCIETY 7,I HAV5'T GIV5 UP ?9K+ & WRIT+ AB\T ?AT71 ,I AM READY TO CONSID] JU/ AB\T ANY IDEA--A DEGR[?_/DECON/RUCTION APPROA*1 A 0,HALF-,E>?0 SOLUTION & MASS TREE PLANT+ TO PROTECT BIODIV]SITY1 A ,GRE5 ,NEW ,DEAL ( SOME K9D1 A COMB9ATION ( !M ALL4 ,WE NE$ TO KEEP FI<T+ TO PROTECT PEOPLE1 PLACES1 & NATURE--& \R [N HUMANITY 9 ! PROCESS4 XXIV 

,! REALITY ( A H>D1 H>D-LUCK CITY--! 9FAM\S ,DETROIT ?AT PEOPLE W]E TOLD AB\T BE=E SOMEONE DISCOV]$ ?IS HIP1 09NOVATIVE0 CITY1 9 P]PETUAL R5AISSANCE1 ?AT !Y ?9K !Y KN[ N[1 BO? IMP]FECT REPRES5TATIONS--GOT 9 ! WAY ( \R MOVEM5T1 AS IT DID TO O!RS 7TO NAME TWO EXAMPLES 9 MY MEMORY1 ! FI<T TO SAVE ! ,POLET[N NEI<BORHOOD1 & ! FI<T TO SAVE ,TIG] ,/ADIUM FROM DEMOLITION1 :I* />T$ AS A PRES]VATION MOVEM5T & 5D$ UP BECOM+ A RADICAL FI<T AGA9/ A MASSIVE CORPORATE L&-GRAB74 ,& YET PEOPLE HAVE 5DUR$4 0,!Y P]SI/$40 ,& ( C\RSE1 ,MO!R ,NATURE P]SI/S1 ) US OR )\T US--!RE'S SOLACE 9 ?AT1 TOO4 

,DETROIT1 ,CITY ( ,PICTURESQUE ,RU9S1 HAS A REPUTATION1 H[EV] PROBLEMATIC IT MAY BE1 ( BO? COLLAPSE & R5EWAL4 ,= N[1 ,BREA! ,FREE1 ,Z]O ,WA/E1 & O!R ACTIVI/S P]SI/4 ,! CITY P]SI/S1 ! PEOPLE P]SI/1 SOME WILD HOPE P]SI/S4 ,Y\ P>5TS1 Y\ *ILDR51 Y\ ,*ILDR5 ( ! ,E>?1 ?IS PRACTICE P]SI/S4 

,:AT ELSE WILL Y\ DO ) Y\R TIME ON A %R9K+ PLANET8 

,5,D,N,O,T,E,S 

I4 ,KAT ,/AF=D & ,*RI/9A ,HALL1 0,CONTROV]SIAL ,DETROIT 9C9]ATOR %UT D[N AFT] YE>S10 ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS1 ,M>* #b#g1 #b#a#i4 ,SEV]AL O!R RESPONSES TO & O!R 9=MATION AB\T ! CLOS+ M5TION$ 9 ?IS >TICLE COME FROM ?IS NEWS /ORY4 ,SEE ALSO ,S>AH ,CWIEK1 0,DETROIT 9C9]ATOR ANN\NCES IT WILL P]MAN5TLY %UT D[N10 ,MI*IGAN ,PUBLIC ,RADIO1 ,M>* #b#h1 #b#a#i2 & ,L\IS ,AGUIL>1 ,*RI/9E ,MAC,DONALD & ,S>AH ,RAHAL1 0,DETROIT'S CONTROV]SIAL 9C9]ATOR P]MAN5TLY %UT D[N1 ,DETROIT ,NEWS1 ,M>* #b#g1 #b#a#i4 

II4 ,WE DID HE> ?AT \R WORK 9SPIR$ PEOPLE 9 O!R PLACES TO FI<T & DEFEAT PLANN$ 9C9]ATOR CON/RUCTION1 & TO TAKE UP OR R5EW FI<TS AGA9/ FUNCTION+ 9C9]ATORS--9CLUD+ ONE 9 ,MADISON ,HEI<TS1 A WORK+ CLASS SUBURB ( ,DETROIT1 :]E WE ALSO PROTE/$--?AT W]E LAT] CLOS$4 

III4 ,SEE 0,GEORGE ,BRAD=D0 7,DAVID ,WATSON71 0,BEYOND ! ',BEA/'3 ,! ,:OLE ,PICTURE10 9 ,DETROIT ,9C9]ATOR3 ,WE ,SAY ,NO6 ,SEE ALSO 0,9C9]ATOR ,LOGIC3 ,! ,HIDD5 ,CO/ ( ,PROGRESS10 9 ,WE ,SAY ,NO61 & 0,RESI/ANCE TO ! ,PLAN IS ,HEAVY10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,SUMM] #a#i#h#f1 ISSUE #c#b#c71 BO? BY ,*>LES ,WILLIS 7,SCOTT ,CRAIG74 ,! TABLOID-NEWSPAP]-=MAT PUBLICATION LOOK$ A LOT LIKE ! ,F,E1 & WAS DONE 9 \R (FICE ON ,SECOND ,AV5UE4 ,ON ,PAUL ,CONNETT1 SEE 0,9C9]ATION3 ,! ,BIGGE/ ,OB/ACLE TO ,Z]O ,WA/E10 ,E>? ,ISL& ,J\RNAL1 ,OCOB] #b#a#c1 AT HTTP3_/_/WWW4E>?ISL&4ORG_/J\RNAL_/9DEX4PHP_/>TICLES_/5TRY_/9C9]ATION.-!.-BIGGE/.-OB/ACLE.-TO.-Z]O.-WA/E_/ 

IV4 ,SEE = EXAMPLE 0,SONNY ,TUFTS0 7,DAVID ,WATSON71 0,P,B,B3 ,CASE ,/UDY ( AN ,9DU/RIAL ,PLAGUE10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,MAY #aigf 7ISSUE #b#g#b74 

V4 ,?AT WAS ONE ( SEV]AL COMPLEX REASONS :Y MY COMPANION & ,I *OSE E>LY 9 ?IS C5TURY TO MOVE FROM ! ,CORRIDOR1 :]E ,I'D SP5T A L>GE P>T ( MY ADOLESC5CE & ADULT LIFE1 TO A LEAFI]1 GRE5] NEI<BORHOOD NE> A DIFF]5T 9T]SECTION ( TWO EXPRESSWAYS BUT F> 5\< FROM ! ,BEA/ TO /OP SUFF]+ ?OSE MORN+S4 ,WE KNEW \R CLASS PRIVILEGE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO AB&ON ! OLD NEI<BORHOOD4 ,WE HAD A *ILD !N1 & WE WORRI$ AB\T HIS HEAL?4 ,BY !N1 ! 9C9]ATOR HAD BE5 PUMP+ IT \T = OV] A DECADE4 ,WE'D LO/ \R FI<T2 IT N[ SEEM$ TO BE TIME = FLI<T4 

VI4 ,I REALIZ$ LAT] ?AT A FEW ( \R OLD COMRADES FROM ! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE W]E 9VOLV$1 BUT MO/ ( ! NEW G5]ATION ACTIVI/S W]E UNFAMILI> ) \R /ORY4 ,?IS WAS TYPICAL ( G5]ATIONAL WAVES ( ANTI-TOXICS ACTIVI/S1 ACCORD+ TO ,MI*AEL ,$EL/E9'S 5ORM\SLY USEFUL /UDY1 ,CONTAM9AT$ ,COMMUNITIES3 ,! ,SOCIAL & ,PSY*OLOGICAL ,IMPACTS ( ,RESID5TIAL ,TOXIC ,EXPOSURE 7,WE/VIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h74 

VII4 ,! EXP]I5CE MADE IT CLE> TO ME & P]HAPS TO SOME O!RS ?AT WE HAD AT TIMES BE5 TOO H>D ON ! PEOPLE WE HAD CRITICIZ$2 WE MI<T AT LEA/ HAVE F\ND SOME?+ TO AFFIRM 9 !IR SYMBOLIC ACTION BE=E TAK+ !M D[N4 ,9 \R DEF5SE1 SOME GR\PS WE 9T]ACT$ ) 9 ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T W]E SO HI]>*ICAL ?AT !Y W]E FROM ! BEG9N+ COORD9AT+ ) POLICE & WILL+ TO TURN PEOPLE OV] :O DID NOT AGREE ) !IR RIGIDLY *OREOGRAPH$ ACTIONS & 5GAG$ 9 EV5 9NOCU\S1 BUT MORE NON-CON=MI/1 ACTIONS4 ,SEE 0,JR4 ,COPS & ,ANTI-,NUK]S10 UNSIGN$1 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,JUNE #a#i1 #aigi 7VOL4 #a#d1 NUMB4 #c74 

VIII4 ,JOHN ,G4 ,FULL]1 ,WE ,ALMO/ ,LO/ ,DETROIT 7,READ]'S ,DIGE/ ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#e74 ,9 #a#i#i1 ,GIL ,SCOTT-,H]ON DID A SONG AB\T ! MELTD[N ) ! SAME TITLE3 0444,NO ONE /OPP$ TO ?9K AB\T ! PEOPLE _/ ,OR H[ !Y W\LD SURVIVE44440 ,Y\ CAN SEE IT H]E3 HTTPS3_/_/WWW4Y\TUBE4COM_/WAT*8V"7B#e#dR,B#f#dF,X,Y#d4 

IX4 ,:5 9 #aihf ! LOCAL WEEKLY1 ,! ,METRO ,TIMES1 BROKE ! /ORY ?AT 9 DO+ BUS9ESS ) ,COMBU/ION ,5G9E]+1 ! ,CITY ( ,DETROIT WAS 9 VIOLATION ( ITS /ATUE TO NOT DO BUS9ESS ) COMPANIES 9VOLV$ ) ! AP>!ID REGIME 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ! ,CITY ,C\NCIL VOT$ TO GO AHEAD ) ! PROJECT ANYWAY4 ,! /ORY1 BY 9VE/IGATIVE REPORT] ,ROSANNE ,LESS1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#h#f4 ,SEE 0,TW5TY ,BIG ,HITS10 HTTPS3_/_/WWW4METROTIMES4COM_/DETROIT_/TW5TY-BIG-HITS_/,CONT5T8OID"7#b#a#f#i#e#f#g4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO F9D ! /ORY ONL9E4 ,! ,METRO ,TIMES COV]$ ! 9C9]ATOR /ORY ADMIRABLY 9 MY MEMORY1 RI<T ?R\< TO ! CLOS+4 ,= AN EXAMPLE1 SEE HTTPS3_/_/WWW4METROTIMES4COM_/NEWS-HITS_/>*IVES_/#b#a#i_/#c_/#b#g_/DETROITS-G>BAGE-9C9]ATOR-IS-AB\T-TO-BEL*-ITS-F9AL-CL\D-(-TOXIC-GAS4 

X4 ,NANCY ,KAFF]1 0,! ,DETROIT 9C9]ATOR HAS BE5 AWFUL = #c YE>S4 ,:Y IS IT CLOS+ N[80 ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS 7ONL9E71 ,M>* #b#e1 #b#a#i4 

XI4 7,>\ND ! TURN ( ?IS C5TURY1 ! NEI<BORHOODS >\ND ! 9C9]ATOR LOGG$ ! HI<E/ RATES ( A/HMA HOSPITALIZATION 9 ! CITY1 :I* ITSELF HAS A RATE ?REE TIMES ! /ATE AV]AGE4 ,! TRA%1 ALONG ) O!R POLLUTANTS1 WAS 0DISPOS$ (0 9 ! AIRWAYS ( ! PEOPLE LIV+ !RE4 ,= ,COMMON]'S ,F\R ,LAWS ( ,ECOLOGY1 SEE HIS BOOK1 ,! ,CLOS+ ,CIRCLE 7#a#i#g#a74 ,! ,F\R ,LAWS ( ,ECOLOGY >E3 #a7 0,EV]Y?+ ,IS ,CONNECT$ TO ,EV]Y?+ ,ELSE02 #b7 0,EV]Y?+ ,MU/ ,GO ,SOME:]E02 #c7 0,NATURE ,KN[S ,BE/02 & #d7 0,!RE ,IS ,NO ,SU* ,?+ AS A ,FREE ,LUN*40 

XII4 ,?IS 9ABILITY TO CREATE A LA/+1 9/ITUTIONAL OPPOSITION WAS FAIRLY TYPICAL ( ! E>LY /AGES ( ALL SU* /RUGGLES1 NOT ONLY :]E ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL RADICALS PLAY$ SU* A L>GE ROLE1 :I* ,$EL/E9 DESCRIBES 9 DETAIL 9 HIS ,CONTAM9AT$ ,COMMUNITIES4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,I D\BT ?AT 9 \R DAY1 EV5 A WAVE ( ORGANIZ$1 DAILY & WEEKLY COMPLA9TS 7WE DID ?AT TO SOME DEGREE7 OR EV5 T5 TIMES ! NUMB] ( SIGNATURES ON A PETITION TO ! MAYOR 7,I ?9K !RE W]E PETITIONS7 W\LD HAVE MATT]$4 ,! LAW DIDN'T MU* PROTECT US !N4 ,:5 9 #aihh WORK]S AT ! 9C9]ATOR WALK$ (F ! JOB AFT] BE+ SICK5$ BY 9ITIAL TE/ RUNS1 A ,/ATE AG5CY1 ! ,TOXIC ,SUB/ANCE ,CONTROL COMMISSION 7,T,S,C,C1 CREAT$ AFT] ! MASS CONTAM9ATION FROM ,P,B,B AFFECT$ PRETTY MU* EV]YONE 9 ! /ATE 9 ! MID-#a#i#gS71 AGRE$ ) US ?AT ! 9C9]ATOR A% WAS SO TOXIC IT W\LD BY LAW HAVE TO GO TO MU* MORE EXP5SIVE HAZ>D\S WA/E L&FILLS4 ,9 A MATT] ( DAYS1 ! ,CITY1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NOR1 & ! LEGISLATURE CONSPIR$ TO PASS A BILL LABEL+ MUNICIPAL 9C9]ATOR WA/E 0SPECIAL WA/E0 ?AT C\LD SIMPLY BE TOSS$ 9TO A MUNICIPAL L&FILL 9 A DIFF]5T 0CELL10 ALONGSIDE ! CELLS CONTA9+ BANANA PEELS1 ,/YR(OAM CLAM%ELLS1 & O!R TRA%4 ,NEI!R ! LAW !Y HAD SWORN TO UPHOLD NOR ! LAWS ( PHYSICS & *EMI/RY MATT]$4 ,BUT (T5 ! LAW1 F> TOO FLACCID TO PROTECT ! PUBLIC1 ) ! BURD5 ( PRO( ON ! CONTAM9AT$ RA!R ?AN ON ! CONTAM9ATORS1 WAS AGA9/ US1 TOO4 ,SOME ( US /ILL REMEMB] :AT \R FRI5D ,H>OLD ,/OKES1 A COMMUNITY COLLEGE SCI5CE TEA*] & 9DEFATIGABLE ACTIVI/ S9CE ! #a#i#cS1 DECL>$ TO ! ,MI*IGAN ,AIR ,POLLUTION ,CONTROL ,COMMISSION 9 #a#i#i4 ,SOME?+ WAS T]RIBLY WRONG ) ! WAY EV]Y?+ WAS BE+ DONE1 HE SAID4 0,BECAUSE NO ONE IS BREAK+ ! LAW1 & PEOPLE >E /ILL DY+40 7,LAT]1 ,REPUBLICAN ,GOV]NOR ,JOHN ,5GL] SIMPLY ABOLI%$ ! ,M,A,P,C,C & ! ,T,S,C,C & ) !M !IR PUBLIC HE>+S47 

XIII4 ,!SE >E ,?OREAU'S WORDS1 9 ! FIR/ *APT] ( ,WALD5--A S*OOL ( PHILOSOPHY1 HE SAYS1 ?AT WORKS TO 0SOLVE SOME ( ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE1 NOT ONLY !ORETICALLY1 BUT PRACTICALLY40 

XIV4 ,OLIV] ,MILLMAN1 0',MOM5T ( RECKON+'3 ,U,S CITIES BURN RECYCLABLES AFT] ,*9A BANS IMPORTS10 ,! ,GU>DIAN1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 #b#a#i4 ,SEE ALSO 0,CALI=NIA'S L>GE/ RECYCL+ C5T] BUS9ESS1 ,RE,PLANET1 %UTS D[N10 ,ASSOCIAT$ ,PRESS1 ,AUGU/ #e1 #b#a#i2 & ,KA!R9E ,ROSS1 0,SORT+ IT \T3 ,SOME COMMUNITIES RE?9K RECYCL+ PROGRAMS DUE TO CO/1 CONFUSION10 ,DETROIT ,FREE ,PRESS_/,ASSOCIAT$ ,PRESS1 ,JUNE #a#f1 #b#a#i4 

XV4 ,MO!R ,JONES1 ,AUGU/ #c1 #bai 7ONL9E74 ,= A COMM5T>Y ON ! RECYCL+ PROBLEM G5]ALLY1 SEE ! COLUMN ( ,F,E WRIT] 7& ANO!R F\ND+ MEMB] ( ! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE7 ,PET] ,W]BE1 9 A LOCAL SUBURBAN PAP] H]E 9 ,METRO ,DETROIT AT HTTPS3_/_/WWW4F]NDALEFRI5DS4NET_/PET]-W]BE-AUGU/-#b#a#g_/4 

XVI4 ,I WAS PREMATURE 9 :AT ,I WROTE AB\T ! ,BRAZILIAN RA9=E/1 :I* ,I REPORT$ W\LD BE GONE BY #b AT CURR5T RATES ( DE=E/ATION4 ,I IMAG9E MY S\RCES W]E CR$IBLE AT ! TIME4 ,( C\RSE IT IS NOT AS IF RA9=E/S1 ! OLDE/ LIV+ ECOSY/EMS ON ! PLANET1 CONTA9+ MORE ?AN HALF ! ,E>?'S SPECIES1 & PRODUC+ SOME =TY P]C5T ( ! PLANET'S AIR1 >E DO+ F9E4 ,ACCORD+ TO DATA RELEAS$ BY ! ,WORLD ,RES\RCES 9/ITUTE AT ! ,OSLO ,TROPICAL ,=E/ ,=UM1 :]E SOME FIVE HUNDR$ =E/ EXP]TS & POLICYMAK]S MET 9 #b#a#h1 DESPITE EF=TS TO R$UCE TROPICAL DE=E/ATION1 TREE COV] LOSS HAD NE>LY D\BL$ OV] ! PREVI\S FIFTE5 YE>S4 ,9 #bag ALONE1 #ci MILLION ACRES1 AN >EA CLOSE TO ! SIZE ( ! /ATE ( ,WA%+TON1 DISAPPE>$4 ,AS ,NATIONAL ,GEOGRAPHIC REPORT$1 0,! LATE/ TOTAL WAS SECOND ONLY TO #b#a#f1 ! WOR/-EV] YE> ( TROPICAL =E/ LOSS ) #d#a4#g MILLION ACRES 7#a#f4#i MILLION HECT>ES740 ,BRAZIL ALONE LO/ #a#a4#a MILLION ACRES4 ,/EPH5 ,LEAHY1 0,TROPICAL ,=E/ ,LOSS ,SL[$ 9 #b#a#g--,TO ! ,SECOND ,WOR/ ,TOTAL ,EV]10 AT HTTPS3_/_/WWW4NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC4COM_/NEWS_/#b#a#h_/#f_/TROPICAL-DE=E/ATION-=E/-LOSS-#b#a#g_/4 ,! ELECTION ( CORRUPT1 RI<T-W+ MADMAN ,JAIR ,BOLSON>O 9 ,BRAZIL HAS TURN$ ?IS ALREADY DISMAY+ SITUATION 9 A F> WORSE DIRECTION1 ) HIS IMM$IATE MOVES TO DE/ROY 9DIG5\S RES]VES & OP5 UP TOTAL EXPLOITATION ( ! RA9=E/4 7,AS ,I WAS F9I%+ ?IS ESSAY 9 LATE ,AUGU/ #b#a#i1 ! >SON ( ,BOLSON>O'S M9IONS WAS DE/ROY+ HUGE SWA!S ( ! =E/47 ,! ELECTION ( ,CALIGULAS LIKE ,BOLSON>O1 ,TRUMP1 & O!R AU?ORIT>IAN-OLIG>*IC NE(ASCI/S1 IS A DEVELOPM5T SO DELIRI\SLY ?REAT5+ TO ! ECOLOGICAL ORD] ?AT !Y W\LD FIGURE 9 ! GEOLOGICAL HI/ORY ( ! PLANET--IF ANYONE W]E TO REMA9 TO RECORD IT4 

XVII4 ,! UNSIGN$ >TICLE WAS REPR9T$ 9 ! ,SUMM] #aihf ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ISSUE #c#b#c4 

XVIII4 ,V>I\S AU?ORS1 0,CONSEQU5CES ( TW5TY-FIR/-C5TURY POLICY = MULTI-MILL5NIAL CLIMATE & SEA-LEVEL *ANGE10 ,NATURE ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE1 ,VOL4 #f1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#f4 ,BILL ,MC,KIBB5 CITES ?IS REPORT 9 HIS >TICLE1 0,LIFE ON A ,%R9K+ ,PLANET10 ,! ,NEW ,YORK]1 ,NOVEMB] #b#f1 #b#a#h4 

XIX4 ,*RIS ,MOONEY & ,BRADY ,D5NIS1 00,! WORLD HAS JU/ OV] A DECADE TO GET CLIMATE *ANGE UND] CONTROL1 ,U4,N4 SCI5TI/S SAY10 ,WA%+TON ,PO/1 ,OCTOB] #g1 #b#a#h2 SEE ALSO ,ELIZABE? ,KOLB]T1 0,COMM5T3 ,GLOBAL ,W>M+10 ,! ,NEW ,YORK]1 ,OCTOB] #b#b1 #b#a#h4 ,WE HAVE ALSO LE>N$ ?AT ! PETRO*EMICAL COMPANIES KNEW ALL ALONG :AT HAD BECOME A SCI5TIFIC CONS5SUS AB\T ! CATA/ROPHIC EFFECTS ( FOSSIL FUELS1 & US$ :AT !Y KNEW TO MISLEAD POLITICIANS & ! PUBIC1 & TO JU/IFY MORE EXPLORATION = & EXPLOITATION ( GAS & OIL2 WE ALSO KN[ ?AT 0NE>LY EV]Y CONV]SATION WE HAVE 9 #bai AB\T CLIMATE *ANGE WAS BE+ HELD 9 #a#i#g#i10 AS ,NA?ANIEL ,RI*1 :O HAS WRITT5 ! /ORY ( ?IS COV]-UP1 PUT IT4 ,SEE HIS ,LOS+ ,E>?3 ,A ,CLIMATE ,HI/ORY 7,F>R>1 ,/RAUSS1 & ,GIR\X1 #b#a#i74 

XX4 ,! ,HYDRA HAS BE5 ON MY M9D = A :ILE4 ,IF IT IS ON Y\RS1 SEE MY ESSAY1 0,/OPP+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,HYDRA10 9 ,AGA9/ ! ,MEGAMA*9E3 ,ESSAYS ON ,EMPIRE @& ,ITS ,5EMIES 7,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#g71 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,W9T] #aii ISSUE ( ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE4 ,! BOOK IS CURR5TLY \T ( PR9T4 ,! ESSAY CAN BE F\ND AT HTTPS3_/_/>*IVE4ORG_/DETAILS_/,DAVID,WATSON,AGA9/,!,MEGAMA*9E,ESSAYS,ON,EMPIRE,ITS,5EMIES_/PAGE_/N#f#a4 ,ON ! DRAMATIC DECL9E ( 9SECTS1 SEE ,BROOKE ,J>VIS1 0,! ,9SECT ,APOCALYPSE ,IS ,H]E10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ,MAGAZ9E1 ,NOVEMB] #b#g1 #b#a#h4 ,?\< IT MI<T ADD TO ! READ]'S DESPAIR1 = WILDFIRES & ! MASS DE/RUCTION ( NOR!RN TEMP]ATE & BOREAL =E/S1 SEE ,MC,K5ZIE ,FUNK1 0,SMOK$ ,\T10 ,LONDON ,REVIEW ( ,BOOKS1 ,FEBRU>Y #g1 #b#a#i2 0,VA/ WILDFIRES 9 ,SIB]IA A POT5TIAL 'DISA/]' = >CTIC1 & ! WORLD'S CLIMATE10 ,C,B,S ,NEWS1 ,JULY #c1 #b#a#i2 & ,M>K ,SUMN]1 0,FIRE AT ! TOP ( ! WORLD3 ,E>?'S L>GE/ =E/ IS BURN+1 & IT WON'T BE COM+ BACK SOON10 ,DAILY ,KOS1 ,JULY #c#a1 #b#a#i4 

XXI4 ,ROY ,SCRANTON1 ,LE>N+ TO ,DIE 9 ! ,AN?ROPOC5E3 ,REFLECTIONS ON ! ,5D ( ,CIVILIZATION 7,CITY ,LI<TS1 #b#a#e7 

XXII4 ,9 #bah ,JAMES ,&]SON1 ! ,H>V>D SCI5TI/ KN[N = L9K+ ,C,F,CS TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! OZONE LAY]1 PUT ! TIME REMA9+ AT FIVE YE>S4 ,SEE ,JEFF ,MC,MAHON1 0,WE ,HAVE ,FIVE ,YE>S ,TO ,SAVE ,\RSELVES ,FROM ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE1 ,H>V>D ,SCI5TI/ ,SAYS10 ,=BES1 ,JANU>Y #a#e1 #b#a#h4 ,IT ISN'T EV5 CLE> :AT !SE PR$ICTIONS MEAN--FIVE YE>S1 TWELVE YE>S1 = :AT8 ,TO 0TURN ?+S >\ND08 ,GIV5 ! BREAD? ( DE/RUCTION1 :AT DOES ?AT MEAN1 BEYOND BE+ FUCK$8 ,EV5TS >E ALREADY UNFOLD+4 ,IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ! MANIFOLD *ALL5GES HUMAN SOCIETIES WILL FACE 9 FIVE OR TWELVE YE>S4 

XXIII4 ,MC,KIBB51 0,LIFE ON A ,%R9K+ ,PLANET40 

XXIV4 ,IT'S H>D TO TELL :AT CAN BE DONE1 BUT A LOT C\LD BE DONE4 ,SEE ,DAVID ,WALLACE-,WELLS1 ,! ,UN9HABITABLE ,E>?3 ,LIFE ,AFT] ,W>M+ 7,TIM ,DUGGAN ,BOOKS1 #b#a#i74 ,AS ,I HAVE WRITT5 ELSE:]E1 ! 0DEGR[?0 IDEA ?AT HUMAN BE+S >E CONV]T+ TOO MU* ( NATURE 9TO HUMAN >TIFACTS & ?AT A WORLD ) \R PRES5T POPULATION LIV+ AT A ,GLOBAL ,NOR? PRODUCTION_/CONSUMPTION_/DE/RUCTION LEVEL IS UNSU/A9ABLE IS CONV9C+ TO ME4 ,SEE ! EPILOGUE TO MY BOOK1 ,5 EL CAM9O A N+UNA P>TE3 CIVILIZACION1 TECNOLOGIAYE B>B>IE 7,MADRID3 ,$ICIONES ,SALMON1 #b#a#h72 AN ,5GLI% V]SION IS =?COM+4 ,= DEGR[?1 SEE ,M>ISOL ,CORTEZ1 0,DEGR[?3 ,COM+ ,SOON TO A ,CONT95T ,NE> ,Y\10 ,JANU>Y #b1 #b#a#h1 AT HTTPS3_/_/DECEL]ATION4NEWS_/#b#a#h_/#a_/#b_/DEGR[?-CONF]5CE-MEXICO-CITY_/4 ,A DEBATE ON DEGR[? & A ,GRE5 ,NEW ,DEAL OV] SEV]AL ISSUES 9 ,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW IS USEFUL4 ,9 0,BETWE5 ! ,DEVIL & ! ,GRE5 ,NEW ,DEAL0 7,COMMUNE1 ,SUMM] #b#a#i1 ISSUE #c71 ,JASP] ,B]NES CRITICIZES ! ,G,N,D CONCEPT 9 SOME WAYS P>ALLEL TO MY [N--9CLUD+1 H[EV]1 HIS RELUCTANT WILL+NESS TO 0BLAME ANYONE = COMMITT+ !MSELVES TO ! HOPE AT H& RA!R ?AN AMBI5T DESPAIR40 ,ON ,E4,O4 ,WILSON'S ,HALF-,E>? IDEA1 SEE HIS ,HALF-,E>?3 ,\R ,PLANET'S ,FI<T = ,LIFE 7,LIV]I<T1 #b#a#g71 & HIS WEBSITE1 HTTPS3_/_/WWW4HALF-E>?PROJECT4ORG_/4 ,= A GLIMPSE 9TO ! CURR5T >GUM5TS BETWE5 DESPAIR & VOLUNT>I/ OPTIMISM--EV5 P]HAPS A 0TRAGIC OPTIMISM10 AS ,VIKTOR ,FRANKL PUT IT 9 HIS ,MAN'S ,SE>* = ,MEAN+--SEE ,RA*EL ,RI$]]1 0,! ,O!R ,K9D ( ,CLIMATE ,D5IALISM10 ,! ,NEW ,YORK]1 ,M>* #f1 #b#a#i4 

 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 

,DAVID ,WATSON HAS WORK$ ON ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE (F & ON BETWE5 #aifi & #b#a#i4 ,HE WAS A F\ND+ MEMB] ( ! ,EV]GRE5 ,ALLIANCE & ONE ( ! ,EV]GRE5 #a#i4 ,HE ?ANKS ,TOM ,/EPH5S1 ,SYLVIE ,KA%DAN1 ,ROBBY ,B>NES1 ,PET] ,W]BE1 & ,LORRA9E ,P]LMAN = COMM5TS & SUGGE/IONS ON ?IS ESSAY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,DETROIT ,9C9]ATOR ,CLOSES--,ECO-,APOCALYPSE ,CONT9UES -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,DETROIT ,9C9]ATOR ,CLOSES--,ECO-,APOCALYPSE ,CONT9UES -- ,UPDAT$4 

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