,DES]T 

#baa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,DES]T#a N\N 

#a4 ,A B>R5 OR DESOLATE >EA1 ESPECIALLY3 A4 ,A DRY1 (T5 S&Y REGION ( LITTLE RA9FALL1 EXTREME TEMP]ATURE1 & SP>SE VEGETATION4 B4 ,A REGION ( P]MAN5T COLD ?AT IS L>GELY OR 5TIRELY DEVOID ( LIFE4 C4 ,AN APP>5TLY LIFELESS >EA ( WAT]4 #b4 ,AN EMPTY OR =SAK5 PLACE2 A WA/EL&3 A CULTURAL DES]T4 #c4 ,>*AIC ,A WILD1 UNCULTIVAT$1 & UN9HABIT$ REGION4 

.<,MIDDLE ,5GLI%1 FROM ,OLD ,FR5*1 FROM ,LATE ,LAT9 DES]TUM1 FROM NEUT] PA/ P>TICIPLE ( DES]]E 1 TO DES]T2 SEE DES]T#b4.> 

"9 "9 "9 "9 "9 

,AU?OR'S ,NOTE 

,I HAVE WRITT5 ,DES]T AS A NATURE LOV+ AN>*I/ PRIM>ILY ADDRESS+ O!RS ) SIMIL> FEEL+S4 ,AS A RESULT ,I HAVE NOT ALWAYS EXPLA9$ IDEAS TO :I* ,I HOLD :5 !Y >E1 TO SOME EXT5T1 GIV5S )9 MANY AN>*I/ & RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL CIRCLES4 ,HOPEFULLY ,I HAVE WRITT5 9 AN ACCESSIBLE 5\< MANN]1 SO EV5 IF Y\ DON'T COME FROM ?IS BACKGR\ND Y\ WILL /ILL F9D ,DES]T READABLE4 ,:ILE ! BE/ 9TRODUCTIONS TO ECOLOGY & AN>*Y >E MOM5TS SP5T )9 UNDOME/ICAT$ ECOSY/EMS & AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES1 SOME MAY ALSO F9D ! FOLL[+ BOOKS HELPFUL -- ,I DID4 

,PET] ,M>%ALL1 ,DEM&+ ! ,IMPOSSIBLE3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,H>P],COLL9S1 #b#h74 

,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 ,AGA9/ ,HIS-/ORY1 ,AGA9/ ,LEVIA?AN 7,DETROIT3 ,BLACK @& ,R$1 #a#i#h#c74 

,*RI/OPH] ,MANES1 ,GRE5 ,RAGE3 ,RADICAL ,5VIRONM5TALISM & ! ,UNMAK+ ( ,CIVILIZATION 7,BO/ON3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#i74 

,CLIVE ,PONT+1 ,A ,GRE5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,WORLD 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#a74 

,=W>D6 

,SOME?+ HAUNTS MANY ACTIVI/S1 AN>*I/S1 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 MANY ( MY FRI5DS4 ,IT HAUNT$ ME4 ,MU* ( \R SUBCULTURES TELL US IT'S NOT !RE1 ?AT WE CAN'T SEE IT1 HE> IT4 ,\R BE/ WI%ES = ! WORLD TELL US NOT TO SEE IT4 ,BUT = MANY1 DESPITE !IR BE/ EF=TS -- C>RY+ ON ) ! NORMAL ACTIVISM1 ! MOVEM5T BUILD+1 LIV+ BO? ACCORD+ TO & AS AN EXPRESSION ( !IR E?ICS -- DESPITE ALL ?IS1 ! SPECT] GA9S =M4 ,! FA9T IMAGE GR[S MORE SOLID1 MORE UNAVOIDABLE1 UNTIL ! <O/ IS />+ ONE 9 ! FACE4 ,& LIKE MANY MON/]S ( PA/ TALES1 :5 ITS GAZE IS MET -- PEOPLE FREEZE4 ,BECOME UNABLE TO MOVE4 ,GIVE UP HOPE2 BECOME DISILLUSION$ & 9ACTIVE4 ,?IS MALAISE1 FREEZ+1 NOT ONLY SL[S 'ACTIVI/ WORKLOAD'1 BUT ,I HAVE SE5 IT AFFECT EV]Y FACET ( MANY ( MY FRI5DS' LIVES4 

,! SPECT] ?AT MANY TRY NOT TO SEE IS A SIMPLE REALIZATION -- ! WORLD WILL NOT BE 'SAV$'4 ,GLOBAL AN>*I/ REVOLUTION IS NOT GO+ TO HAPP54 ,GLOBAL CLIMATE *ANGE IS N[ UN/OPPABLE4 ,WE >E NOT GO+ TO SEE ! WORLDWIDE 5D TO CIVILIZATION_/CAPITALISM_/PATRI>*Y_/AU?ORITY4 ,IT'S NOT GO+ TO HAPP5 ANY TIME SOON4 ,IT'S UNLIKELY TO HAPP5 EV]4 ,! WORLD WILL NOT BE 'SAV$'4 ,NOT BY ACTIVI/S1 NOT BY MASS MOVEM5TS1 NOT BY *>ITIES & NOT BY AN 9SURG5T GLOBAL PROLET>IAT4 ,! WORLD WILL NOT BE 'SAV$'4 ,?IS REALIZATION HURTS PEOPLE4 ,!Y DON'T WANT IT TO BE TRUE6 ,BUT IT PROBABLY IS4 

,!SE REALIZATIONS1 ?IS AB&ONM5T ( ILLUSIONS %\LD NOT BECOME DISABL+4 ,YET IF ONE BELIEVES ?AT IT'S ALL OR NO?+1 !N !RE IS A PROBLEM4 ,MANY FRI5DS HAVE 'DROPP$ \T' ( ! 'MOVEM5T' :IL/ O!RS HAVE REMA9$ 9 OLD PATT]NS BUT ) A SADNESS & CYNICISM :I* SIGNALS A FEEL+ ( FUTILITY4 ,SOME HOV] >\ND SC5ES CRITIQU+ ALL1 BUT LIV+ & FI<T+ LITTLE4 

0,IT'S NOT ! DESPAIR -- ,I CAN H&LE ! DESPAIR4 ,IT'S ! HOPE ,I CAN'T H&LE40 .<#a.> 

,! HOPE ( A ,BIG ,HAPPY ,5D+1 HURTS PEOPLE2 SETS ! /AGE = ! PA9 FELT :5 !Y BECOME DISILLUSION$4 ,BECAUSE1 TRULY1 :O AMONG US N[ REALLY BELIEVES8 ,H[ MANY HAVE BE5 BURNT UP BY ! EF=T NE$$ TO RECONCILE A FUNDAM5TALLY RELIGI\S FAI? 9 ! POSITIVE TRANS=MATION ( ! WORLD ) ! REALITY ( LIFE ALL >\ND US8 ,YET TO BE DISILLUSION$ -- ) GLOBAL REVOLUTION_/) \R CAPACITY TO /OP CLIMATE *ANGE -- %\LD NOT ALT] \R AN>*I/ NATURE1 OR ! LOVE ( NATURE WE FEEL AS AN>*I/S4 ,!RE >E MANY POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY & WILDNESS /ILL4 

,:AT >E SOME ( !SE POSSIBILITIES & H[ CAN WE LIVE !M8 ,:AT C\LD IT MEAN TO BE AN AN>*I/1 AN 5VIRONM5TALI/1 :5 GLOBAL REVOLUTION & WORLD-WIDE SOCIAL_/ECO SU/A9ABILITY >E NOT ! AIM8 ,:AT OBJECTIVES1 :AT PLANS1 :AT LIVES1 :AT ADV5TURES >E !RE :5 ! ILLUSIONS >E SET ASIDE & WE WALK 9TO ! WORLD NOT DISABL$ BY DISILLUSIONM5T BUT UNBURD5$ BY IT8 

#a4 ,NO 7,GLOBAL7 ,FUTURE 

,RELIGI\S MY?S3 PROGRESS1 GLOBAL CAPITALISM1 GLOBAL REVOLUTION1 GLOBAL COLLAPSE 

,! IDEA ( ,PROGRESS WAS C5TRAL TO ! MOD]N ,WE/]N P>ADIGM & ! PRESUMPTION ?AT ! 5TIRE WORLD WAS MOV+ EV] ONW>DS TO A BETT] FUTURE WAS DOM9ANT4 ,! IDEA ( ! 9EVITABILITY OR POSSIBILITY ( A GLOBAL LIB]T>IAN FUTURE ORIG9ATES FROM ?AT BELIEF4 

,9 MANY WAYS ,AN>*ISM WAS_/IS ! LIB]T>IAN EXTREME ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,5LI<T5M5T -- AGA9/ GOD & ! /ATE4 ,9 SOME C\NTRIES SU* AS TURN ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY ,SPA9 IT WAS ! ,5LI<T5M5T -- ITS MILITANTLY PRO-SCI5CE ANTI-CL]ICISM BE+ AS MU* AN ATTRACTION AS ITS ANTI-CAPITALISM4 ,YET ! RUBBI% ( HI/ORY IS NOT SO EASILY DISC>D$ & 'PROGRESSIVE' REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS HAVE (T5 BE51 9 ESS5CE1 =M & AIM1 ! CONT9UATION ( RELIGION BY O!R MEANS4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE1 ! BELIEF ?AT UNIV]SAL PEACE & BEAUTY W\LD BE REA*$ ?R\< APOCALYPTIC TUMULTS ( BLOOD & FIRE 7REVOLUTION_/! MILL5NIUM_/! COLLAPSE7 9DICATES FIRMLY ?AT AS AN 5LI<T5M5T IDEOLOGY1 ,AN>*ISM HAS BE5 HEAVILY BURD5$ BY ITS ,EURO-,*RI/IAN ORIG9S4 ,JOHN ,GRAY WAS TALK+ AB\T ,M>XISM :5 HE SAID IT WAS A 0444A RADICAL V]SION ( ! 5LI<T5M5T BELIEF 9 PROGRESS -- ITSELF A MUTATION ( ,*RI/IAN HOPES444 .<,FOLL[+.> ,JUDAISM & ,*RI/IANITY 9 SEE+ HI/ORY AS A MORAL DRAMA1 ?AT'S LA/ ACT IS SALVATION40 .<#b.> ,:ILE SOME AN>*I/S NEV] FELL = SU* BUNKUM1 MANY DID1 & SOME /ILL DO4 

,!SE DAYS ,PROGRESS ITSELF IS 9CREAS+LY QUE/ION$ BO? BY AN>*I/S & ACROSS SOCIETY4 ,I HAVE YET TO MEET ANYONE TODAY :O /ILL BELIEVES 9 ! 9EVITABILITY .<#c.> ( A GLOBAL AN>*I/ FUTURE4 ,H[EV] ! IDEA ( A GLOBAL MOVEM5T1 CONFRONT+ A GLOBAL PRES5T & CREAT+ A GLOBAL FUTURE HAS MANY APO/LES4 ,SOME ( !SE >E EV5 LIB]T>IANS & LOOK HOPEFULLY TO ! POSSIBILITY ( GLOBAL AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 

,! ILLUSORY TRIUMPH ( CAPITALISM FOLL[+ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,B]L9 ,WALL LEAD TO ! PROCLAMATION -- MORE UTOPIAN .<#d.> ?AN REAL -- ( A ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD] -- A GLOBAL CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! REACTION ( MANY TO GLOBALIZATION WAS TO POSIT ONE FROM BEL[1 & ?IS WAS ONLY RE9=C$ BY ! NE> SIMULTANE\S PUBLIC EM]G5CE ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS & ! 9V5TION ( ! ,WEB4 ,! SUBSEQU5T 9T]NATIONAL ACTION DAYS1 (T5 CO9CID+ ) SUMMITS1 BECAME ! FOCUS = ! SUPPOS$LY GLOBAL ANTI-CAPITALI/ 'MOVEM5T ( MOVEM5TS'4 ,! EXCITEM5T ON ! /REETS 5ABL$ MANY TO =E/ALL SEE+ ! SPECT] BY LOOK+ 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! 'GLOBAL MOVEM5T'4 ,BUT !RE NEV] WAS A GLOBAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 !N .<#e.> 1 OR EV] .<#f.> 1 JU/ AS CAPITALISM ITSELF WAS NEV] TRULY GLOBAL4 ,!RE >E MANY1 MANY PLACES :]E CAPITALI/ RELATIONS >E NOT ! DOM9ANT PRACTICE1 & EV5 MORE :]E ANTI-CAPITALI/ 7NEV]M9D AN>*I/7 MOVEM5TS SIMPLY DON'T EXI/4 

,AMID ! JOLLY UNREALITY ( ?IS P]IOD ( ',GLOBAL ,RESI/ANCE' SOME C\LD GET REALLY C>RI$ AWAY3 0,WE HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 RE=M+ ! ,WORLD ,BANK OR ! ,I,M,F2 WE WANT IT ABOLI%$ AS P>T ( AN 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ REVOLUTION40 .<#g.> ,SU* /ATEM5TS >E UND]/&ABLE IF WRITT5 9 ! DRUNK-LIKE EXUB]ANCE ONE CAN SOMETIMES FEEL ON HAV+ DEFEAT$ ! POLICE1 BUT !Y >E F\ND MORE COMMONLY4 ,! SELF-DESCRIPTION ( ONE ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION READS3 0,AS ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM RULES ! :OLE WORLD1 ITS DE/RUCTION MU/ BE COMPLETE & WORLDWIDE04 .<#h.> 

,! ILLUSION ( A S+UL> WORLD CAPITALI/ PRES5T IS MIRROR$ BY ! ILLUSION ( A S+UL> WORLD AN>*I/ FUTURE4 

,I LOVE US1 !RE'S SO MU* WE CAN DO & BE1 BUT !RE >E LIMITS 

,AN>*I/S >E GR[+ 9 NUMB]4 ,GR\PS & C\NT]-CULTURES >E APPE>+ 9 C\NTRIES :]E !RE W]E FEW1 OR NO1 SOCIAL MOVEM5T AN>*I/S .<#i.> PREVI\SLY4 ,YET AN HONE/ APPRAISAL ( \R /R5G?S & PROSPECTS1 & ?OSE ( ! COMMUNITIES & CLASSES WE >E P>T (1 W\LD %[ CLE>LY ?AT WE >E NOT GR[+ 0! NEW SOCIETY 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD0 .<#a.> 1 ?AT SOM$AY WILL LIB]ATE ! WORLD 9 A MOM5T ( RUPTURE4 ,! E>? HAS A LOT ( PLACES ) A LOT ( PEOPLE2 A REALITY ?AT CAN 9CREAS+LY EASILY GET LO/ 9 ! WEB-5CAPSULAT$ GLOBAL 7ACTIVI/7 VILLAGE4 .<#a#a.> ,TO WANT TO RID ! WORLD ( CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS1 OR FUR!R /ILL CIVILIZATION1 IS ONE ?+4 ,TO BE CAPABLE ( DO+ SO IS SOME?+ ELSE 5TIRELY4 ,WE >E NOT EV]Y:]E -- WE >E R>E4 

,ACTIONS1 CIRCLES ( FRI5DS1 SOCIAL C5T]S1 URBAN GU]RILLA CELLS1 MAGAZ9E $ITORIAL GR\PS1 ECO-W>RIORS1 H\S+ CO-OPS1 /UD5TS1 REFUGES1 >SONI/S1 P>5TS1 SQUATS1 SCI5TI/S1 PEASANTS1 /RIK]S1 TEA*]S1 L& BAS$ COMMUNES1 MUSICIANS1 TRIBESPEOPLE1 /REET GANGS1 LOV+ 9SURG5TS & SO1 SO MU* ELSE4 ,AN>*I/S CAN BE WOND]FUL4 ,WE CAN HAVE BEAUTY1 & SELF-POSSESS$ P[] & POSSIBILITY 9 BUCKETS4 ,WE CANNOT1 H[EV]1 REMAKE ! 5TIRE WORLD2 !RE >E NOT 5\< ( US1 & NEV] WILL BE4 

,SOME MAY >GUE ?AT A GLOBAL LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION CAN SUCCE$ )\T BE+ MADE1 OR SIGNIFICANTLY AID$1 BY OV]T AN>*I/S SO '\R' PRES5T NUMB]S & RES\RCES >E NULL & VOID4 ,:ILE IT'S A GIV5 ?AT SOCIAL CRISES & REVOLT >E REGUL> OCCURR5CES 9 SOCIETIES BAS$ ON CLASS W>F>E2 TO PUT ONES FAI? 9 ! 'REVOLUTION>Y IMPULSE ( ! PROLET>IAT' IS A !ORY APPROXIMATE TO SAY+ ',IT'LL BE ALRI<T ON ! NI<T4' 

,!RE IS UN=TUNATELY LITTLE EVID5CE FROM HI/ORY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS -- NEV] M9D ANYONE ELSE -- IS 9TR9SICALLY PR$ISPOS$ TO LIB]T>IAN OR ECOLOGICAL REVOLUTION4 ,?\S&S ( YE>S ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALIZATION FAVOR ! JACKBOOT444 .<#a#b.> 

,NEI!R WE1 NOR ANYONE ELSE1 CAN CREATE A LIB]T>IAN & ECOLOGICAL GLOBAL FUTURE SOCIETY BY EXP&+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,FUR!R1 !RE IS NO REASON TO ?9K ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( SU* A VA/ EXPANSION1 A GLOBAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION CONGRU5T ) \R DESIRES WILL EV] HAPP54 ,AS AN>*I/S WE >E NOT ! SE$ ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD1 BUT M]ELY ONE ( MANY ELEM5TS FROM :I* ! FUTURE IS =M+4 ,?AT'S OK2 :5 FAC$ ) SU* SCALE & COMPLEXITY1 !RE IS A VALUE 9 NON-S]VILE HUMILITY -- EV5 = 9SURG5TS4 

,TO GIVE UP HOPE = GLOBAL AN>*I/ REVOLUTION IS NOT TO RESIGN ONESELF TO AN>*Y REMA9+ AN ET]NAL PROTE/4 ,SEAWE$ PUTS IT WELL3 

,REVOLUTION IS NOT EV]Y:]E OR NO:]E4 ,ANY BIOREGION CAN BE LIB]AT$ ?R\< A SUCCESSION ( EV5TS & /RATEGIES BAS$ ON ! CONDITIONS UNIQUE TO IT1 MO/LY AS ! GRIP ( CIVILIZATION 9 ?AT >EA WEAK5S ?R\< ITS [N VOLITION OR ?R\< ! EF=TS ( ITS 9HABITANTS444 ,CIVILIZATION DIDN'T SUCCE$ EV]Y:]E AT ONCE1 & SO IT'S UNDO+ MI<T ONLY OCCUR TO V>Y+ DEGREES 9 DIFF]5T PLACES AT DIFF]5T TIMES4 .<#a#c.> 

,EV5 IF AN >EA IS SEEM+LY FULLY UND] ! CONTROL ( AU?ORITY !RE >E ALWAYS PLACES TO GO1 TO LIVE 91 TO LOVE 9 & TO RESI/ FROM4 ,& WE CAN EXT5D ?OSE SPACES4 ,! GLOBAL SITUATION MAY SEEM BEYOND US1 BUT ! LOCAL NEV] IS4 ,AS AN>*I/S WE >E NEI!R 5TIRELY P[]LESS NOR POT5TIALLY OMNIPOT5T1 ?ANKFULLY4 

,FROM ANTI-GLOBALIZATION TO CLIMATE *ANGE 

,= MANY ( US1 :5 ! TURN ( ! C5TURY ANTI-GLOBALIZATION SURGE LO/ ITS MOM5TUM1 .<#a#d.> ! GLOBAL ?9K+1 & RELIGI\S OPTIMISM W5T ) IT4 ,H[EV]1 9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 AN ATTEMPT TO RESURRECT ! 'GLOBAL MOVEM5T' APPE>$ AMONG US ONCE AGA9 -- ?IS TIME >\ND CLIMATE *ANGE4 

,! MOBILIZATION AT ! ,COP5HAG5 ,U,N ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ,CONF]5CE WAS BILL$ BY MANY AS ! NEXT ,SEATTLE .<#a#e.> & SOME GR\PS HAVE CLAIM$ !Y >E 0BUILD+ A GLOBAL MOVEM5T TO SOLVE ! CLIMATE CRISIS40 .<#a#f.> ,GRE5PEACE1 = 9/ANCE1 SAYS 0CLIMATE *ANGE IS A GLOBAL PUBLIC 'BAD'4 ,TO SOLVE IT REQUIRES GLOBAL COLLECTIVE ACTION444 ,WE HAVE NO ALT]NATIVE BUT TO BUILD A GLOBAL GRASSROOTS MOVEM5T1 MOVE POLITICIANS =W>D1 & =CE CORPORATIONS & BANKS TO *ANGE DIRECTION40 .<#a#g.> ,I'LL TAKE IT AS A GIV5 ?AT Y\ ! READ] UND]/& ! NAIVE UNREALITY ( SU* LOBBY GR\PS BUT IT'S WOR? LOOK+ AT ?OSE AT ! LESS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 5D ( CLIMATE *ANGE CAMPAIGN+4 

,!RE >E ?REE MA9 T5D5CIES1 & SOMETIMES FOLK W&] FROM ONE TO ANO!R4 ,FIR/LY1 !RE >E ?OSE ?AT HAVE SIMIL> BELIEFS TO ,GRE5PEACE -- I4E4 'DIRECT ACTION' AS AN AW>5ESS RAIS+_/LOBBY+ /RATEGY4 ,SECONDLY1 !RE >E ?OSE :O USE ! DISC\RSE >\ND CLIMATE *ANGE TO AID MOBILIZATION 9 LOCAL CAMPAIGNS :I*1 ?\< UNLIKELY TO HAVE ANY EFFECT ON CLIMATE *ANGE1 AT LEA/ HAVE PRACTICAL & SOMETIMES A*IEVABLE OBJECTIVES 9 M9D I4E4 HALT+ ! DE/RUCTION ( AN ECOSY/EM_/! WORS5+ WELLBE+ .<#a#h.> ( A COMMUNITY OR SIMPLY 9CREAS+ SELF-SUFFICI5CY4 .<#a#i.> ,?IRDLY1 !RE >E ?OSE NO/ALGIC ANTI-CAPITALI/S :O 5VISION 'CLIMATE JU/ICE' AS A METAMORPHOSIS ( ! IMAG9$ 0ALT]-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T0 .<#b.> 7NOTICE IT'S 9CREAS+LY NO LONG] ANTI-GLOBALIZATION74 ,AN ANONYM\S WRIT] DESCRIB$ ! LA/ T5D5CY WELL3 

.<,:5 ACTIVI/S.> TRY TO CONV9CE US ?AT IT'S ! 'LA/ *ANCE TO SAVE ! E>?'444 IT'S BECAUSE !Y'RE TRY+ TO BUILD SOCIAL MOVEM5TS444 ,!RE IS A GR[+ & DI/URB+ TR5D ?AT HAS BE5 L+]+ >\ND RADICAL CIRCLES OV] ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT BL9D POSITIVITY CAN LEAD TO 9T]E/+ & UNEXPECT$ SUCCESSES4 ,MI*AEL ,H>DT & ,TONY ,NEGRI'S BOOKS HAVE PROVID$ SOME ( ! !ORETICAL BASES = ?IS1 & IT HAS BE5 TAK5 UP BY SOME :O WANT TO UNITE ! MASSES UND] ! BANN] ( PREC>ITY1 ORGANIZE MIGRANTS & MOBILIZE = SUMMITS4 ,= MANY COM+ FROM ! LEFT W+ TRADITION1 IT HAS BE5 ! MESSAGE ( HOPE ?AT !Y W]E WANT+ TO HE>1 AT A TIME :5 !IR IDEOLOGIES SEEM$ MORE MORIBUND ?AN EV]4 

444,!ORETICIANS :O %\LD UND]/& CAPITALISM WELL 5\< TO KN[ BETT]1 WRITE ?AT A GLOBAL BASIC 9COME OR FREE MOVEM5T = ALL IS AN A*IEVABLE GOAL4 ,!Y MAY NOT BELIEVE IT !MSELVES1 BUT O/5SIBLY WANT TO 9SPIRE O!RS TO BELIEVE 9 IT1 CLAIM+ ?AT ! 'MOM5TS ( EXCESS' G5]AT$ BY SU* ,UTOPIAN DREAMS WILL GIVE RISE TO POT5T MOVEM5TS = *ANGE4 ,CLIMATE *ANGE444 IS C]TA9LY A SUITABLE TE/+ GR\ND = ! POLITICS ( MANUFACTUR$ HOPE1 BE+ SO ALI5AT$ FROM \R ACTUAL EV]YDAY REALITIES4 ,BUT :IL/ ! NEW MOVEM5T POLITICIANS -- FACILITATORS NOT DICTATORS -- WAT* !IR MOVEM5TS GR[1 !RE IS /ILL A CASE = LIV+ 9 ! REAL WORLD4 .<#b#a.> 

,\TSIDE ! CONV5TION C5T]S ! NEW />S APPE> MORE & MORE LIKE ?OSE )94 ,9SIDE & \T ! MESSAGE IS ?AT A GLOBAL FUTURE IS W9NABLE IF ONLY WE ORGANIZE4 ,H[EV]1 ! REALITY BO? )9 ECOSY/EMS G5]ALLY & PEOPLES /OMA*S 9 P>TICUL> IS ?AT !RE IS NO GLOBAL S+UL> FUTURE .<#b#b.> & NO IMAG9>Y COMMUNITY1 EI!R ( /ATES OR 'MULTITUDES' 7OR BO? A LA ,CO*ABAMBA7 .<#b#c.> CAN /OP CLIMATE *ANGE4 

,GIV5 \R OBVI\S 9ABILITY TO RE-MAKE ! 5TIRE WORLD ! WAY WE MI<T LIKE IT TO BE1 SOME REPLACE ! MY? ( 'GLOBAL REVOLUTION' ) A BELIEF 9 IMM95T 'GLOBAL COLLAPSE' -- !SE DAYS USUALLY SOME MIX ( CLIMATE *ANGE & PEAK OIL4 ,AS WE %ALL SEE LAT] 7BO? 9 ! NEXT *APT]S & \R FUTURE YE>S7 GLOBAL HEAT+ WILL SEV]ELY *ALL5GE CIVILIZATION 9 SOME >EAS & PROBABLY VANQUI% IT 9 O!RS4 ,YET 9 SOME REGIONS IT WILL LIKELY OP5 UP POSSIBILITIES = ! SPREAD ( CIVILIZATIONS RULE4 ,SOME L&S MAY REMA9 7RELATIVELY7 TEMP]ATE -- CLIMATICALLY & SOCIALLY4 ,AS = CIVILIZATION1 SO = AN>*Y & AN>*I/S -- SEV]ELY *ALL5G$1 SOMETIMES VANQUI%$2 POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY & WILDNESS OP5+ UP1 POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY & WILDNESS CLOS+4 ,! UNEV5NESS ( ! PRES5T WILL BE MADE MORE SO4 ,!RE IS NO GLOBAL FUTURE4 

#b4 ,IT'S ,LAT] ,?AN ,WE ,?\<T 

,OBS]V$ CLIMATE *ANGE IS FA/] ?AN EXPECT$ 

,ONE RECURR+ !ME 9 5VIRONM5TALISM IS ?AT ! APOCALYPSE IS ALWAYS IMM95T BUT =EV] DEF]R$4 ,EV]Y G5]ATION SEEMS TO HAVE ONE LA/ *ANCE TO SAVE ! PLANET4 ,BIOLOGI/ ,B>RY ,COMMON] SAID BACK 9 #a#i#g3 0,WE >E 9 A P]IOD ( GRACE1 WE HAVE ! TIME -- P]HAPS A G5]ATION -- 9 :I* TO SAVE ! 5VIRONM5T FROM ! F9AL EFFECTS ( ! VIOL5CE WE HAVE ALREADY DONE TO IT40 .<#b#d.> ,SIMIL> PRON\NCEM5TS CAN BE HE>D TODAY BUT ! P]IOD ( GRACE IS PROBABLY OV]4 ,BACK 9 #aii ! $ITORS ( ,! ,ECOLOGI/ SET \T A G5]AL EVALUATION ( ! /ATE ( ! E>? 9 #e ,DAYS TO ,SAVE ! ,PLANET3 

,TODAY WE >E TOLD ?AT \R PLANET IS 9 CRISIS1 ?AT WE >E DE/ROY+ & POLLUT+ \R WAY TO A GLOBAL CATA/ROPHE444 ,WE MAY HAVE AS LITTLE AS FIFTE5 YE>S1 P]HAPS AS %ORT A TIME AS #e DAYS TO SAVE ! PLANET444 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR CONC]NS >IS+ \T ( ! ,GAIA !ORY IS ?AT WE >E PU%+ NATURAL PROCESSES BEYOND !IR CAPACITY TO MA9TA9 AN ATMOSPH]E FIT = HI<] =MS ( LIFE4 ,BEYOND A C]TA9 PO9T1 ! SY/EM MAY FLIP TO AN 5TIRELY NEW /ATE :I* W\LD BE EXTREMELY UNCOM=TABLE = LIFE AS WE KN[ IT444 ONCE TRIGG]$1 ! *ANGE TO ! NEW /ATE C\LD OCCUR ) EXTREME RAPIDITY4 .<#b#e.> 

,BY #be ! C\NTD[N 5VISAG$ 9 ! TITLE HAD REA*$ Z]O & ! ORIG9ATOR ( ! ,GAIA !ORY1 ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 WAS WRIT+ ,! ,REV5GE ( ,GAIA :]E HE W\LD /ATE ?AT HE ?\<T ! LIV+ E>? WAS PROBABLY N[ MOV+ IRREVOCABLY TO A HOT /ATE4 ,LOVELOCK CAME TO ?IS CONCLUSION PRIM>ILY AS A RESULT ( SEE+ SCI5TIFIC OBS]VATIONS ( CLIMATE *ANGE SURPASS+ :AT MO/ PR$ICTIONS SAID WAS MEANT TO BE HAPP5+4 ,9 AN ADDRESS TO ! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY HE /AT$3 

,! POSITIVE FE$BACK ON HEAT+ FROM ! MELT+ ( FLOAT+ ,>CTIC & ,ANT>CTIC ICE ALONE IS CAUS+ AN ACCEL]ATION ( SY/EM DRIV5 HEAT+ :OSE TOTAL WILL SOON OR ALREADY BE GREAT] ?AN ?AT FROM ALL ( ! POLLUTION ,C,O#b ?AT WE HAVE SO F> ADD$4 ,?IS SUGGE/S ?AT IMPLEM5T+ ,KYOTO OR SOME SUP] ,KYOTO IS MO/ UNLIKELY TO SUCCE$444 WE HAVE TO UND]/& ?AT ! ,E>? ,SY/EM IS N[ 9 POSITIVE FE$BACK & IS MOV+ 9ELUCTABLY T[>DS ! /ABLE HOT /ATE ( PA/ CLIMATES4 .<#b#f.> 

,LOVELOCK'S PUBLIC ADVOCACY ( NUCLE> P[]1 .<#b#g.> DISBELIEF 9 W9D F>MS AS A PANACEA & HIS CLE> /ATEM5TS ?AT MASSIVE CLIMATE *ANGE IS N[ PROBABLY 9EVITABLE HAS MADE HIM UNPOPUL> ) MANY GRE5S4 ,HE'S DEF9ITELY '(F-MESSAGE'4 ,IT'S RA!R 9CONV5I5T1 !N1 ?AT HE'S GOT SU* A GOOD 5VIRONM5TAL & SCI5TIFIC P$IGREE4 ,AS A POLYMA? 9 HIS N9ETIES HE HAS WORK$ 9 MANY FIELDS4 ,NOTABLY1 HE 9V5T$ ! ,ELECTRON ,CAPTURE ,DETECTOR ?AT MADE ! DISCOV]Y ( ! ,OZONE ,HOLE & ! WRIT+ ( ,RA*EL ,C>SON'S ,SIL5T ,SPR+ .<#b#h.> POSSIBLE4 ,HIS 9ITIALLY H]ETICAL ,GAIA HYPO!SIS1 ( A SELF MANAG+ LIV+ E>?1 IS N[ WIDELY ACCEPT$ UND] ! TITLE ,E>? ,SY/EM ,SCI5CE4 ,HE'S LONG >GU$ = WILD L& EXPANSION & BE5 SYMPA!TIC TO ECOLOGICAL DEF5SE ACTIONS4 ,AS AN AVID HIK] HE EV5 C>RI$ \T A P]SONAL BOMB+ CAMPAIGN >\ND ! RI<T TO ROAM WAY BACK 9 ! #a#i#cS6 ,HIS DETRACTORS (T5 ADMIRE HIS PIONE]+ WORK BUT SAY 79 A SOME:AT AGEI/ MANN]7 ?AT HE HAS N[ GONE A BIT BATTY4 ,! REAL PROBLEM1 ?\<1 IS ?AT HE HAS MADE A PR(ESSIONAL C>E] ( BE+ BEHOLD5 TO NO-ONE ELSE'S IDEOLOGY OR PAY-PACKET4 ,AS SU* HE HAS ! CAPACITY TO SAY :AT MANY 9 SCI5TIFIC & 5VIRONM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS >E ?9K+ BUT >E AFRAID TO SAY SO DIRECTLY 9 PUBLIC4 ,LOVELOCK ?9KS ?AT A RANGE ( FACTORS HAVE L$ TO A CONSI/5T UND]-DIAGNOSIS ( ! EXT5T ( HUMAN EFFECTS ON ! E>?4 ,!SE FACTORS 9CLUDE3 

,A SPE$ & COMPLEXITY ( *ANGE :I* RESE>*_/PUBLICATION S*$ULES CANNOT KEEP UP )4 

,A FAILURE TO SEE & COMPREH5D ! LIV+ E>? AS A DYNAMIC SELF-REGULAT+ SY/EM4 

,A LACK ( JO9$ UP ?9K+ DUE TO ACADEMIC COMP>TM5TALIZATION4 

,GOV]NM5TAL PRESSURES ON ! WRIT+ ( ,I,P,C,C SYN!SIS REPORTS4 .<#b#i.> 

,! POSSIBLY CONSID]ABLE MASK+ ( PRES5T HEAT+ BY GLOBAL DIMM+4 .<#c.> 

,IT'S BEYOND ! SCOPE ( ?IS TEXT TO GIVE AN OV]ALL SUMMATION ( ,LOVELOCK'S ?9K+1 NEV] M9D ! WID] SCI5CE >\ND GLOBAL HEAT+4 ,P>T ( ! NATURE ( ! PROBLEM IS ?AT BY ! TIME Y\ READ ?IS ! SCI5CE WILL HAVE MOV$ ON CONSID]ABLY4 ,IF Y\ >E 9T]E/$ HAVE A LOOK AT ! S\RCES ,I HAVE REF]5C$ & READ WID] Y\RSELF4 ,H[EV] :ILE ! DETAILS MAY V>Y ! 9EXORABLE DIRECTION ( MU* ( ! SCI5CE SEEMS TO BE ?AT WE >E PROBABLY HEAD+ TO A CONSID]ABLY HOTT] E>?1 & FA/4 ,REC5T OBS]VATIONS PUT US FUR!R D[N ! ROAD ?AN MANY ( US ?\<T EV5 A FEW YE>S AGO4 ,DECADES LAT] D[N ! ROAD4 ,COMB9$ ) 9]TIA >\ND R$UC+ C>BON EMISSIONS ?IS MAKES ! *ANCES ( '/OPP+' MASSIVE CLIMATE *ANGE PROBABLY RA!R SLI<T4 

,:ILE ,N,G,OS >E /ILL BABBL+ AB\T /OPP+ A TWO DEGREES W>M+1 9CREAS+LY MANY CLIMATE SCI5TI/S >E DISCUSS+ A F\R DEGREE W>M+ BY 5D ( ! C5TURY OR EV5 AS E>LY AS #b#f4 .<#c#a.> ,?IS IS BY NO MEANS A FR+E WORRY4 ,! #bg ,I,P,C,C REPORT PR$ICT$ A RISE ( BETWE5 #b & #f4#d8,C ?IS C5TURY4 ,BOB ,WATSON1 ITS =M] *AIRMAN HAS W>N$ ?AT ! 0WORLD %\LD WORK ON MITIGATION & ADAPTATION /RATEGIES TO 'PREP>E = #d8,C ( W>M+4'0 .<#c#b.> ,?IS IS BAD 5\< BUT ,LOVELOCK GOES FUR!R & CITES A NUMB] ( FE$BACK ME*ANISMS HE ?9KS >E ALREADY MOV+ US TO AN EV5 HOTT] /ATE1 ( :I* ! MELT+ ( SEA ICE M5TION$ ABOVE IS ! MO/ WELL KN[N4 ,:AT C\LD ?IS NEW HOT /ATE LOOK LIKE8 ,SOME HI<LI<TS3 

,HOT DES]TS SPREAD+ OV] MU* ( ! GLOBAL S\? & 9TO S\!RN & EV5 SOME ( C5TRAL ,EUROPE4 

,COLD DES]TS PR$OM9ANTLY 9 ! GLOBAL NOR? RETRACT+ TO LEAVE NEW FRONTI] L& 9 ,SIB]IA1 ,SC&9AVIA1 ,CANADA1 ,GRE5L&1 ,ALASKA & EV5 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T 9 ! ,ANT>CTIC4 

,MASS ATTEMPTS AT MIGRATION FROM >ID ZONES TO ! /ILL HABITABLE >EAS4 

,MASS HUMAN DIE-(F C\PL$ ) ACCEL]AT+ SPECIES EXT9CTIONS4 

,LOVELOCK PUTS IT RA!R BLUNTLY3 

,HUMANS >E 9 A PRETTY DIFFICULT POSITION & ,I DON'T ?9K !Y >E CLEV] 5\< TO H&LE :AT'S AHEAD4 ,I ?9K !Y'LL SURVIVE AS A SPECIES ALL RI<T1 BUT ! CULL DUR+ ?IS C5TURY IS GO+ TO BE HUGE444 ,! NUMB] REMA9+ AT ! 5D ( ! C5TURY WILL PROBABLY BE A BILLION OR LESS4 .<#c#c.> 

,( C\RSE1 ,I DON'T KN[ ?IS IS A TRUE PICTURE ( PRES5T & FUTURE CLIMATE *ANGE 4 ,! TRUE COMPLEXITY ( ! ,E>? ,SY/EM 7& HUMAN SOCIAL DYNAMICS )9 IT7 IS PROBABLY BEYOND \R COMPREH5SION 7DEF9ITELY BEYOND M9E7 & MODELS %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) REALITY4 ,MY 9=M$ HUN* 7?AT'S ALL ONE HAS 9 ! FOOL-MAK+ BUS9ESS ( DESCRIB+ ! FUTURE7 IS ?AT ! PICTURE PA9T$ IS PROBABLY A REASONABLE APPROXIMATION4 ,Y\ MAY NOT ?9K SO1 BUT ,I W\LD ASK ?AT Y\ RUN ) ME AS IT'S A POSSIBILITY WOR? CONSID]+4 ,?AT HUN* IS AS MU* 9=M$ BY AN AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM AS IT IS A READ+ ( CLIMATE SCI5CE4 ,LOOK+ >\ND ME1 IT'S A LOVELY BRI<T DAY & ! LEAVES ( ! TREES >E ALMO/ %9+2 BUT LITTLE 9 ! SOCIETY 9 :I* ,I LIVE 9DICATES TO ME ?AT A PROBLEM ( ! SCALE & COMPLEXITY ( CLIMATE *ANGE IS GO+ TO GET FIX$4 ,GIV5 ?AT1 ,I FEEL ?AT ! BIG QUE/ION POS$ IS NOT SO MU* IF WE WILL REA* A WORLD SOME:AT RESEMBL+ ?AT \TL9$ ABOVE BUT :54 

,LOVELOCK IS S]I\SLY PROPOS+ ?AT SU* A WORLD 7OR TO BE MORE ACCURATE1 SU* WORLDS7 WILL EM]GE BY ! 5D ( ?IS C5TURY1 & ?AT EM]G5CE TR5DS WILL />T TO BECOME OBVI\S BY MID C5TURY4 ,IT C\LD TAKE LONG]1 BUT EI!R WAY IT MAY BE ADVANTAGE\S TO TAKE SU* %IFTS 9TO CONSID]ATION :5 ?9K+ AB\T :AT WE WANT TO A*IEVE 9 \R LIVES4 

,H]E1 TO BE CLE>1 WE >E NOT TALK+ AB\T A MILL5NIAL APOCALYPSE1 ?\< IT MAY FEEL LIKE ?AT TO SOME CAU<T 9 ITS MORE HORRIBLE OR EXCIT+ MOM5TS4 ,RA!R WE >E TALK+ AB\T MASSIVE ACCEL]AT+ *ANGE4 ,JAMES ,HANS5 7,N,A,S,A71 COMM5TS3 

,IF WE WI% TO PRES]VE A PLANET SIMIL> TO ?AT 9 :I* CIVILIZATION DEVELOP$ & TO :I* LIFE ADAPT$1 ,PALEOLI?IC EVID5CE & ONGO+ CLIMATE *ANGE SUGGE/ ?AT ,C,O#b WILL NE$ TO BE R$UC$ FROM ITS CURR5T #*e PPM TO AT MO/ #ce PPM4 .<#c#d.> 

,*ANCES >E IT WON'T BE4 ,! 5VIRONM5TAL NI*E ?AT CIVILIZATION 7CLASS DIVID$ AGRICULTURALLY-SU/A9$ CITY CULTURE7 DEVELOP$ 9 IS ON ! WAY \T4 ,) IT WILL PROBABLY GO MANY ( CIVILIZATION'S CITIZ5S4 ,& !RE >E MANY1 MANY CITIZ5S4 

,<O/ ACRES FE$ POPULATION OV]%OOTS 

,9TEGRAL TO ! GR[? ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM HAS BE5 A VA/ 9CREASE 9 HUMAN POPULATION4 ,!RE >E N[ >\ND SEV5 BILLION ( US COMP>$ TO >\ND #f MILLION AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h? C5TURY4 ,?AT JUMP HAS HAPP5$ 9 #ac G5]ATIONS .<#c#e.> & 9 L>GE P>T IT WAS NO ACCID5T4 ,SILVIA ,F$]ICI HAS CLE>LY LAID \T ?AT A KEY F\NDATION ( E>LY CAPITALISM WAS ! DE/RUCTION ( WOM5'S CONTROL OV] !IR [N F]TILITY3 0444WOMBS BECAME PUBLIC T]RITORY1 CONTROLL$ BY M5 & ! /ATE1 & PROCREATION WAS DIRECTLY PLAC$ AT ! S]VICE ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION0 7SEE BOX BEL[74 ,:ILE IT WAS CAPITALISM ?AT FIR/ 5=C$ & !N 5ABL$ ?IS MO/ REC5T MASS EXPANSION1 9 DO+ SO IT WAS_/IS S++ AN OLD] AN!M ( CIVILIZATION .<#c#f.> -- ?IS TIME1 ?\<1 ) ME*ANICAL AMPLIFICATION4 

,I WAS BORN 9 ! MID #a#i#gS :5 ! HUMAN POPULATION WAS F\R BILLION2 BY ! TIME ,I DIE 7HOPEFULLY NOT BE=E #b#e7 ! ,U,N E/IMATES ?AT ! E>?'S HUMAN POPULATION WILL BE OV] #i BILLION4 .<#c#g.> ,?IS E/IMATE1 ?\<1 PRESUMES 'BUS9ESS AS USUAL'4 ,:E!R ?IS HAPP5S OR NOT WILL DEP5D ON ?REE 9T]DEP5D5T FACTORS3 BIR? CONTROL1 DEA? CONTROL & FOOD SUPPLY4 

,WORLDWIDE1 DESPITE ! CONT9U$ $ICTS ( CULT PATRI>*S SU* AS ! ,POPE1 MANY >E 9CREAS+LY US+ BIR? CONTROL TO LIMIT FAMILY SIZE4 ,! CONT9U+ P[] /RUGGLE TO 5ABLE US TO DO SO IS A KEY BATTLE & ONE >\ND :I* MANY AN>*I/S -- AMONG O!RS -- HAVE ORGANIZ$4 .<#c#h.> ,H[EV] ! SPREAD ( BIR? CONTROL -- & ! FI<T = WOM5'S LIB]ATION .<#c#i.> MORE G5]ALLY -- WILL NOT /OP ! PROBABLE D\BL+ ( HUMAN POPULATION 9 MY LIFETIME4 ,) DECREAS+ FAMILY SIZE ALREADY A GLOBAL NORM 9 MU* ( ! WORLD1 IT IS ! ABILITY ( 9DU/RIAL M$IC9E & HYGI5E MEASURES TO 5ACT DEA? CONTROL ?AT IS N[ KEY4 ,! HUMAN POPULATION1 AT LEA/ 9 BUS9ESS-AS-USUAL PROJECTIONS1 WILL CONT9UE TO RISE UNTIL AT LEA/ #be AS LONG AS ?OSE ALIVE TODAY LIVE !IR EXPECT$ LIFESPANS & HAVE ! EXPECT$ NUMB] ( *ILDR54 

,H[EV]1 WE DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL !N TO OV]%OOT ! PLANET'S HUMAN C>RY+ CAPACITY 7ITS MAXIMUM P]MAN5TLY SUPPORT$ LOAD7 AS WE HAVE PROBABLY DONE SO ALREADY4 ,9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION HAS MANAG$ TO PU% UP FOOD SUPPLY BY BO? COLONIZ+ EV] MORE WILD L& = AGRICULTURE & DEVELOP+ FOSSIL FUEL RELIANT 'GRE5 REVOLUTION' .<#d.> AGRO-TE*NOLOGIES & TRANSPORTATION4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE RELIES ON ! H>VE/+ ( <O/ ACREAGE .<#d#a.> 7! FOSSILIZ$ PHOTOSYN!TIC PRODUCTION ( ECOSY/EMS MILLIONS ( YE>S AGO7 TO PRODUCE FOOD AT ! PRES5T RATE4 ,?IS CAN BE ONLY TEMPOR>Y1 = UNLESS ONE IS A BELIEV] 9 ! CORNUCOPIAN MY? ?AT RES\RCES >E LIMITLESS1 SOM$AY ! FOSSIL-FUEL HUNT+ WILL DRAW A BLANK4 ,:5 ?IS WILL HAPP5 NO-ONE REALLY KN[S1 ?\< MANY >GUE ?AT WE HAVE ALREADY PASS$ 'PEAK OIL'4 ,SOME MAY C\NT] ?AT HYDROG5 FUEL CELLS1 SOL> P[]1 G5ETIC 5G9E]+1 NANOTE*NOLOGY & GRE5 GOO WILL SOMEH[ AV]T A POPULATION CRA%4 ,!SE APO/LES ( PROGRESS MORE & MORE RESEMBLE C>GO CULTS 9 !IR BELIEF ?AT TE*NOLOGY M>%AL$ BY EI!R ! M>KET 7IF CAPITALI/7 OR /ATE PLANN+ 7IF SOCIALI/7 WILL PROVIDE ALL ?AT IS NE$$4 ,9 ! UNLIKELY EV5T ?AT !Y'RE RI<T1 & ! FOOD SUPPLY DOES KEEP UP ) POPULATION GR[?1 ! HI<LY MANAG$ NATURE ( ! PROVISION WILL GU>ANTEE ?AT ! 'FRE$OM SUPPLY' 7= BO? HUMANS & O!R ANIMALS7 IS 9CREAS+LY SC>CE4 

,SO ! RAPIDLY GR[+ HUMAN POPULATION NE$S FOSSIL FUELS TO /AY ALIVE4 ,MO/ ( US >E EAT+ OIL & ILLNESS IS L>GELY CONTROLL$ ) HI< 5]GY RELIANT TE*NOLOGIES4 ,H]E IS YET ANO!R REASON ,I D\BT ! ABILITY ( ACTIVI/S1 OR /ATES = ?AT MATT]1 TO CONV9CE SOCIETY TO DEC>BONIZE4 ,IT S\NDS NICE1 BUT = MILLIONS1 IF NOT BILLIONS1 IT W\LD MEAN %ORT] LIVES IF HUMANITY /OPP$ IMPORT+ FROM ! PA/4 

,ON A SIGNIFICANTLY HOTT] GLOBE A MAJOR HUMAN DIE-(F C\LD BE ON ! C>DS EV5 IF ONE DOES NOT GO ALONG ) ! IDEAS >\ND PEAK OIL4 ,AS MU* ( ! MAJORITY WORLD BECOMES HOTT] & POOR]1 F>M]S WILL BE UNABLE TO AF=D ! PETRO-*EMICAL BAS$ IMPORTS NECESS>Y = CONT9U$ PRODUCTION EV5 IF FOSSIL FUELS DON'T RUN \T4 ,FUR!R1 :ILE 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE HAS TEMPOR>ILY 9CREAS$ L&'S C>RY+ CAPACITY1 9 ! PROCESS MU* 'PRODUCTIVE' L& HAS BE5 D5UD$ & )\T ! APPLICATION ( F]TILIZ]S W\LD N[ BE UNABLE TO PRODUCE AS MU* FOOD ORGANICALLY AS IT DID ORIG9ALLY4 ,EV5 ,S\!RN]S 'LUCKY' 5\< TO /ILL HAVE ACCESS TO FOSSIL FUEL 9PUTS WILL F9D MAGIC POTIONS LOSE !IR P[]S :5 SOIL DRIES1 BAKES & BL[S AWAY4 ,) LITTLE NUTRITION OR M$IC9E DISEASE WILL H>VE/ MU* ( ! HUNGRY4 

,IT W\LD BE NICE TO IMAG9E ?AT ?OSE C\NTRIES /ILL ABLE TO PRODUCE CONSID]ABLE FOOD QUANTITIES 79 P>T ?ANKS TO IMPROV$ GR[+ CONDITIONS -- MORE ( ?AT LAT]7 W\LD GIFT IT BUT ,I W\LDN'T HOLD Y\R BREA?4 ,A BILLION PEOPLE ON E>? >E HUNGRY ALREADY4 .<#d#b.> ,RA!R ?AN ! SPECTACUL> MASS DEA? ( :OLE COMMUNITIES ?IS MO/LY CAUSES 9CREAS$ *ILDHOOD MORTALITY & DECREAS$ OV]ALL LIFESPAN4 ,YET CAPITALISM HAS1 FROM ! BEG9N+1 HAD DEF9ITE '=M'1 7JU/ ASK ! ,IRI%7 9 ALL[+ 7& CAUS+7 MILLIONS TO />VE MORE DRAMATICALLY4 ,MIKE ,DAVIS REM9DS US ( AN (T5 =GOTT5 EXAMPLE :5 HE WRITES 79 ,LATE ,VICTORIAN ,HOLOCAU/S 7 ( ! #c-#f MILLION PEOPLE 9 ! LAT] P>T ( ! #a#i? C5TURY :O />V$ TO DEA?1 0NOT \TSIDE ! 'MOD]N WORLD SY/EM'1 BUT 9 ! V]Y PROCESS ( BE+ =CIBLY 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ITS ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURES40 .<#d#c.> ,SIMIL> HUNG]S HAVE TAK5 !IR TOLL ?R\<\T ! FOLL[+ C5TURY1 MANY 5G9E]$ BY /ATE SOCIALI/S1 ?OSE MO/ ATT5TIVE /UD5TS ( ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 

,IT W\LD BE HOPELESSLY ,UTOPIAN TO BELIEVE ?AT HUNG] C\LD BE EXIL$ FROM ! HUMAN CONDITION BUT MO/LY ?OSE DY+ TODAY ( />VATION DO SO :IL/ O!RS 9 !IR SOCIETIES KEEP EAT+4 ,HUNG] IS ! LANGUAGE ( CLASS W>F>E4 ,P[] HAS MANY LEVELS & AMONG MU* ( ! POORE/ />VATION 9 ! FUTURE IS LIKELY TO BE PLAY$ \T AS G5D]$ VIOL5CE1 AS IT IS N[4 .<#d#d.> 

,I WILL LEAVE IT TO O!RS TO >GUE AB\T ! RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION ( POPULATION NUMB]S OR 9DU/RIAL CONSUMPTION PATT]NS 7AS ?\< BO? >E NOT N[ 9TR9SICALLY L9K$7 TO GLOBAL HEAT+4 ,TODAY1 GLOBAL 7& LOCAL7 POPULATION GR[? IS A B>RI] TO ANY SIGNIFICANT 'DE-C>BONIZATION'4 ,TOMORR[1 CAPITALISM'S PRES5T 9ABILITY TO \T-5G9E] ITS ADDICTION TO FOSSIL FUELS WILL LIKELY RESULT 9 A MASSIVE POPULATION CRA%4 

,CLIMATE *ANGE BR+S POSSIBILITIES AS WELL AS CLOSURES 

,GLOBAL HEAT+1 POPULATION GR[?1 PEAK OIL & O!R 5VIRONM5TAL LIMITS >E PROBABLY NOT ! APOCALYPSE ?AT WILL 5D ! REIGN ( CAPITAL & ! /ATE EV]Y:]E4 ,! GLOBAL COLLAPSE IS PROBABLY NO NE>] ?AN ! GLOBAL REVOLUTION4 ,NEV]!LESS IT DOES MEAN ?AT A TOTALIZ$ GLOBAL CAPITALISM1 5CLOS+ ALL RELATION%IPS )9 IT1 BECOMES EV5 LESS LIKELY4 ,! ,WE/]N PROJECT ( CULTURAL EXPANSION FACES ITS LIMITS4 ,AS P>T ( ?AT1 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5TS :I* CAPITALISM HAS C>RI$ ON ITS COAT TAILS ALSO FACE ! REAL LIMITS TO ! GR[? ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,YET JU/ AS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ONE WORLD ( ,AN>*ISM IS =ECLOS$ SO ! POSSIBILITIES ( MANY NEW_/OLD WORLDS -- SOME AN>*IES -- BECOMES WIDESPREAD4 ,SOME ( !SE POSSIBILITIES WILL BE OP5$ UP BY CONFLICT1 SOME WILL BE CLOS$ BY CONFLICT4 

,! V]Y NATURE ( /ATES IS TO CONTROL POPULATIONS1 BUT MANY ( ! BILLIONS WILL NOT HUNG] QUIETLY4 ,YE/]DAY ! LATE ,VICTORIAN HOLOCAU/S TRIGG]$ MILL5>IAN UPRIS+S AMONG ?OSE BE+ SWEPT AWAY BY ! SPREAD+ FLOOD WAT]S ( ! 'WORLD SY/EM'4 ,TOMORR[1 AS ! TIDE RETRACTS & SURPLUS POPULATIONS >E LEFT ON ! 7DES]T7 S&1 WE SEEM SET = YET ANO!R1 IF ANY?+ MORE BRUTAL1 C5TURY ( W>S & 9SURRECTIONS4 

#c4 ,DES]T ,/ORMS 

,! MILIT>Y LOOKS TO ! FUTURE 

,:IL/ POLITICIANS ( BO? /ATES & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS REPEAT PLATITUDES1 SMILE AT !IR CON/ITU5TS & FACE (F AGA9/ EA* O!R1 SOME REALI/S >E LOOK+ TO A CLIMATE *ANG$ FUTURE LESS AS SOME?+ ?AT CAN BE AVOID$ & MORE AS SOME?+ ?AT WILL NE$ TO BE POLIC$4 ,9 ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY & ! ,?REAT ( ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE LEAD+ ?9K]S & ACTORS FROM ! ,U,S MILIT>Y 9VE/IGAT$ A WIDE RANGE ( SC5>IOS4 ,!IR FIR/ F9D+ WAS ?AT 0PROJECT$ CLIMATE *ANGE POSES A S]I\S ?REAT TO ,AM]ICA'S NATIONAL SECURITY40 ,H[8 

,9 ALREADY WEAK5$ /ATES1 EXTREME WEA!R EV5TS1 DR\<T1 FLOOD+1 SEA LEVEL RISE1 RETREAT+ GLACI]S1 & ! RAPID SPREAD ( LIFE-?REAT5+ DISEASES WILL !MSELVES HAVE LIKELY EFFECTS3 9CREAS$ MIGRATIONS1 FUR!R WEAK5$ & FAIL$ /ATES1 EXP&$ UNGOV]N$ SPACES1 EXAC]BAT+ UND]LY+ CONDITIONS ?AT T]RORI/S SEEK TO EXPLOIT1 & 9CREAS$ 9T]NAL CONFLICTS4 ,9 DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 !SE CONDITIONS ?REAT5 TO DISRUPT ECONOMIC TRADE & 9TRODUCE NEW SECURITY *ALL5GES1 SU* AS 9CREAS$ SPREAD ( 9FECTI\S DISEASE & 9CREAS$ IMMIGRATION4 .<#d#e.> 

,AS WELL AS SEE+ CLIMATE *ANGE AS 0A NEW HO/ILE & /RESS+ FACTOR0 ?AT WILL PRODUCE NOVEL ?REATS G5]ALLY1 !Y ALSO SAW IT AS EXAC]BAT+ EXI/+ SPECIFIC ONES4 

,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ACTS AS A ?REAT MULTIPLI] = 9/ABILITY 9 SOME ( ! MO/ VOLATILE REGIONS ( ! WORLD4 ,MANY GOV]NM5TS 9 ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA1 & ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ >E ALREADY ON $GE 9 T]MS ( !IR ABILITY TO PROVIDE BASIC NE$S3 FOOD1 WAT]1 %ELT] & /ABILITY4 ,PROJECT$ CLIMATE *ANGE WILL EXAC]BATE ! PROBLEMS 9 !SE REGIONS & ADD TO ! PROBLEMS ( EFFECTIVE GOV]NANCE4 ,UNLIKE MO/ CONV5TIONAL SECURITY ?REATS ?AT 9VOLVE A S+LE 5TITY ACT+ 9 SPECIFIC WAYS AT DIFF]5T PO9TS 9 TIME1 CLIMATE *ANGE HAS ! POT5TIAL TO RESULT 9 MULTIPLE *RONIC CONDITIONS1 OCCURR+ GLOBALLY )9 ! SAME TIME FRAME4 ,ECONOMIC & 5VIRONM5TAL CONDITIONS WILL FUR!R ]ODE AS FOOD PRODUCTION DECL9ES1 DISEASES 9CREASE1 CLEAN WAT] BECOMES 9CREAS+LY SC>CE1 & POPULATIONS MIGRATE 9 SE>* ( RES\RCES4 ,WEAK5$ & FAIL+ GOV]NM5TS1 ) AN ALREADY ?9 M>G9 ( SURVIVAL1 FO/] ! CONDITIONS = 9T]NAL CONFLICT1 EXTREMISM1 & MOVEM5T T[>DS 9CREAS$ AU?ORIT>IANISM & RADICAL IDEOLOGIES444 

,BECAUSE CLIMATE *ANGE ALSO HAS ! POT5TIAL TO CREATE NATURAL & HUMANIT>IAN DISA/]S ON A SCALE F> BEYOND ?OSE WE SEE TODAY1 ITS CONSEQU5CES WILL LIKELY FO/] POLITICAL 9/ABILITY :]E SOCIAL DEM&S EXCE$ ! CAPACITY ( GOV]NM5TS TO COPE4 .<#d#f.> 

,SIMIL> NI<TM>ES & FANTASIES >E TALK$ AB\T BY MILIT>Y EXP]TS ELSE:]E4 .<#d#g.> ,IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$ ?AT >MIES PLAN = :AT C\LD POSSIBLY HAPP51 NOT :AT WILL DEF9ITELY HAPP54 ,ADDITIONALLY1 !RE IS 9/ITUTIONAL SELF-9T]E/ 9 ?9K+ ! WORLD IS GETT+ MORE DANG]\S IF Y\R JOB IS PROVID+ 5=C$ ORD]4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS WOR? TAK+ !IR PR$ICTIONS ( /RIFE S]I\SLY NOT LEA/ BECAUSE :5 POLICY RECOMM5DATIONS SU* AS !IRS >E 5ACT$1 %AD[S ( !IR DREAMS CAN BECOME REALITY4 ,JU/ AS 'G5]ALS >E ALWAYS FI<T+ ! LA/ W>'1 SO TOO !IR VISION ( FUTURE ONES >E %AP$ BY PRES5T CONFLICT4 ,IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE !N ?AT MU* ( ! MILIT>Y DISC\RSE >\ND CLIMATE *ANGE IS C5T]$ >\ND HOT W>S1 FAIL$ /ATES & ! POLITICAL VIOL5CE ?AT CAN EMANATE FROM !M4 ,POT5TIAL COLD W>S1 )9 ! GLOBAL NOR? & EXTREME S\?1 >E GIV5 LESS PROM95CE4 ,I WILL FOLL[ ?IS CONV5TION = N[1 ?\< ,I WILL RETURN TO SU* POSSIBILITIES LAT]4 

,HOT W>S & FAIL$ /ATES 

,LOOK+ AT CONFLICTS TODAY !RE IS ALREADY AN OBVI\S ,EQUATORIAL ,T5SION ,BELT :I* IS EXPECT$ TO SIGNIFICANTLY EXP&4 ,ITS EXI/5CE IS DUE TO A :OLE HO/ ( V>IABLES NOT LEA/ ( :I* >E ! ACCUMULAT$ 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACT FROM COLLAPS$ CIVILIZATIONS1 ! LEGACIES ( DIRECT WE/]N COLONIALISM1 HI< POPULATION LEVELS1 ! PRES5CE ( 'RES\RCES' USEFUL TO CAPITALISM & HABITATS ?AT >E ON ! M>G9 ( AGRICULTURE VIABILITY4 .<#d#h.> ,GIV5 :AT ! ,U,S G5]ALS DESCRIBE ABOVE SOME GOV]NM5TS 9 !SE REGIONS WILL FALL1 :IL/ O!RS1 TO V>Y+ DEGREES1 WILL 'FAIL'4 ,SOME /ATES WILL RETRACT BACK TO !IR 7MAYBE %IFT+7 CAPITALS LEAV+ ! RE/ ( !IR SUPPOS$ T]RITORIES 9 A MOSAIC ( W> & PEACE1 O!RS WILL BE 5GULF$ 9 CIVIL W>1 REVOLUTION & 9T]-/ATE CONFLICT4 ,!RE WILL NO D\BT BE MU* HORROR BUT ALSO MU* POT5TIAL = CON/RUCT+ FREE LIVES4 

,UNSURPRIS+LY1 !RE IS DIVISION AMONG MILIT>Y ?9K]S ON :AT ! GREAT P[]S ( TODAY WILL BE ABLE TO DO4 ,SOME >GUE ?AT !Y3 0444 MAY BE DRAWN MORE FREQU5TLY 9TO !SE SITUATIONS1 EI!R ALONE OR ) ALLIES1 TO HELP PROVIDE /ABILITY BE=E CONDITIONS WORS5 & >E EXPLOIT$ BY EXTREMI/S40 ,& ?AT !Y 0444MAY ALSO BE CALL$ UPON TO UND]TAKE /ABILITY & RECON/RUCTION EF=TS ONCE A CONFLICT HAS BEGUN1 TO AV]T FUR!R DISA/] & RECON/ITUTE A /ABLE 5VIRONM5T40 .<#d#i.> ,O!RS PR$ICT A M>K$LY R$UC$ PLANET>Y POLIC+ ROLE 9 AN EFFECTIVE 5D TO ! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD] DECL>$ BY ! ,U,S :I*1 0LACK+ ! MEANS TO HELP LOCAL AU?ORITIES RE/ORE ORD]1 'WILL LIKELY FALL BACK ON A COMB9ATION ( POLICIES ?AT ADD UP TO QU>ANT9E4'0 .<#e.> 

,SOCIAL MOVEM5T AN>*I/S 9 !SE REGIONS MI<T WANT TO ?9K S]I\SLY AB\T :AT PRACTICAL PREP>ATIONS CAN WISELY BE MADE = SELF-RULE1 CIVIL W>1 SURVIVAL & ! UN=TUNATELY 9EVITABLE EM]G5CE & /R5G!N+ ( AU?ORIT>IAN =CES & 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICT4 0,WE MU/ HAVE ! ABILITY TO DEF5D \RSELVES1 SURVIVE1 & EXPLOIT CRISES 9 SOCIETY 9CLUD+ CAPITALI/ ATTEMPTS TO DE/ROY US4 ,! DIVID$ & 9DU/RIAL NATURE ( TODAY'S SOCIETY HAS ALREADY DET]M9$ ! 9/ABILITY ( TOMORR[40 .<#e#a.> 

,9 ! DEP?S ( CRISES ) SOCIAL DEM&S 0EXCE$+ ! ABILITY ( GOV]NM5T TO COPE0 ! GLORY DAYS ( ,AN>*ISM MAY BE BACK4 0,IF CLIMATE *ANGE RESULTS 9 R$UC$ RA9FALL & ACCESS TO ! NATURAL CAPITAL ?AT SU/A9S LIVELIHOODS1 POV]TY WILL BECOME MORE WIDESPREAD1 LEAD+ TO 9CREAS$ GRIEVANCES & BETT] RECRUITM5T OPPORTUNITIES = REBEL MOVEM5TS40 .<#e#b.> ,:O KN[S WE MAY EV5 SEE SC5ES AS DRAMATIC AS ! AN>*I/ >MOR$ TRA9S ( ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA4 .<#e#c.> ,FROM ! /EPPES ( ! ,UKRA9E TO ! SI]RAS ( ,MEXICO & ! /REETS ( ,B>CELONA A HUGE NUMB] ( ?OSE :O EV] ID5TIFI$ AS AN>*I/S DID SO EMBROIL$ 9 OV]T W>4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 9 MO/ PLACES1 REBEL MOVEM5TS >E MORE LIKELY TO BE /ATI/ ?AN AN>*I/4 ,?IS IS P>TLY ?ANKS TO ! L>GE NUMB] ( E/ABLI%$ AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL GANGS COMP>$ TO LIB]T>IAN ONES1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE 9 EXTREME SITUATIONS PEOPLE TURN TO EXTREMI/ SOLUTIONS4 ,9 SOME PLACES ?IS MI<T BE SELF-ORGANIZATION1 DEC5TRALIZATION & MUTUAL AID1 BUT 9 MANY !RE WILL BE NO SOCIAL SOLUTION POSSIBLE1 JU/ ! FALSE PROMISES ( DESPOTS & PROPHETS4 ,?AT'S NOT TO SAY WE C\LDN'T COMPETE ) !M BY SPREAD+ RIVAL MILL5NIAL HOPES ( A NEW DAWN1 BUT IF WE >E HONE/ ) \RSELVES1 HAV+ ?R[N ASIDE RELIGION1 IT W\LD BE A TRAVE/Y ( \R E?ICS TO PICK IT UP AGA9 9 ! CAUSE ( GANG RECRUITM5T & ! JOY ( TR\BLE4 

,:]E VISIBLE & DRAMATIC LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL =CES DO >ISE IT IS LIKELY ?AT MANY FROM O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD WILL TRAVEL TO JO9 !M4 ,AS ! CL\DS D>K51 SOME ( \R FAMILY WILL RUN T[>DS \TBREAKS ( >M$ RESI/ANCE -- :]EV] !Y MAY BE4 ,?IS COMES FROM A DEEP FELT LOVE & FEEL+S ( SOLID>ITY BUT ALSO BECAUSE1 LET'S BE HONE/1 = MANY CONFLICT IS ATTRACTIVE & ANTI-MILIT>I/S R>ELY GET ! OPPORTUNITY = \TRI<T W>4 ,! NIHILI/IC DESIRE -- AMPLIFI$ 9 AN 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX WORLD -- TO JU/ GET \T !RE & 'FUCK %IT UP' IS1 IF NOT A CREATIVE URGE1 DEF9ITELY A /RONG ONE4 ,?AT'S NOT TO SAY EV]YONE HAS IT1 BUT MANY DO4 ,H]E !RE IS AN UNCOM=TABLE SYMMETRY BETWE5 \R EMOTIONAL DRIV]S & ?AT ( FI<T]S G5]ALLY4 

,9 ! EX-T]RITORY ( FAIL$ & FALL5 /ATES 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICT WILL BECOME EV] MORE COMMON1 AT LEA/ UNTIL POPULATIONS >E CUT BACK TO A LEVEL MORE FITT+ A MU* HOTT] WORLD4 

,! FAIL$ /ATES HAVE CONFLICT LEVELS SO HI< & P]SI/5T ?AT EV5 BASEL9E *ANGES =ECA/ BY ! ,I,P,C,C >E LIKELY TO WORS5 LIVELIHOOD CONDITIONS4 ,! TR5DS SUGGE/ MORE ( A SOCIAL OR TRIBAL BREAKD[N ?AN W>S BETWE5 NATIONS4 ,CLIMATE TR5DS WILL IGNORE BORD]S1 & FAIL$ /ATES PRONE TO CONFLICT WILL SPREAD LIKE A DISEASE4 .<#e#d.> 

,PEACEKEEP]S 9 ! GRAVEY>D ( ! LIV+ 

,SU* =CES ( 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICT WILL BE F> MORE WIDESPREAD ?AN GR\PS ORGANIZ$ >\ND ,EUROPEAN ORIG9AT$ POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES -- LIB]T>IAN OR AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,!Y >E1 AFT] ALL1 ABLE TO PROVIDE REAL SOLUTIONS 7IF ONLY TEMPOR>ILY7 TO PEOPLE'S IMM$IATE NE$S 9 >EAS :]E ! BASICS = SURVIVAL >E \TNUMB]$ BY ?IR/Y M\?S4 ,?IS IS DONE1 ( C\RSE1 BY WR5*+ RES\RCES FROM '! O!RS'4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICTS CAN ]UPT :5 ! 'CAUSE IS HOPELESS' BUT ! EMOTIONAL DRIV] IS /RONG4 

,! CONSOL+ BELIEF ?AT 9DIVIDUALS WILL+LY JO9 CONFLICTS DRIV5 ONLY BY RATIONAL /RATEGIC CONSID]ATIONS1 FAMILY N>RATIVES OR HI/ORICAL BURD5S DISSOLVES :5 BR\<T 9TO ! LI<T ( ! EXPRESS$ DESIRES ( MANY FI<T]S !MSELVES4 ,= A DRAMATIC ,EUROPEAN EXAMPLE ONE ONLY NE$S TO READ ,MATTIJS VAN DE ,PORTS'S /UDY ( A COMMUNITY SWEPT UP 9 CIVIL W>4 ,9 ,GYPSIES1 ,W>S & O!R 9/ANCES ( ! ,WILD1 HE PRES5TS VOICES ( PEOPLE :O 09 FE/IVE MOOD1 TOOK ON ! ROLE ( B>B>IANS40 

,H[ IS ?IS POSSIBLE 9 ,EUROPE AT ! 5D ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY8' WAS ! QUE/ION ?AT PLAY$ OBSESSIVELY ?R\< MY M9D444 ,:AT ! W> 9 =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA =C$ US TO DIGE/ IS ! FACT ?AT PEOPLE PROV$ WILL+ TO MAKE A CONSCI\S & ACTIVE *OICE TO EMBRACE REGRESSION1 B>B>ITY1 A RETURN TO ! WILD]NESS4 ,TAKE ! ,S]B FI<T]S :O DREAM ( A RETURN TO ! ,S]BIA ( ! EPIC POEMS ':]E !RE WAS NO ELECTRICITY1 NO COMPUT]S1 :5 ! ,S]BS W]E HAPPY & HAD NO CITIES1 ! BRE$+ GR\NDS ( ALL EVIL4' .<#e#e.> 

,?AT SOME MOD]N DAY MILITIAS REFLECT ROMANTICI/ DESIRES :IL/ %ELL+ T[NS1 MASSACR+ VILLAGES & BE+ KILL$ 9 TURN1 %\LD NEI!R SURPRISE US ,I NOR NECESS>ILY FULLY 9VALIDATE ROMANCE4 ,IT DOES H[EV] SUGGE/ -- ALONG ) ! HONE/ EXPRESSIONS ( JOY 9 DE/RUCTION M\!D BY SOME SOLDI]S 9 EV]Y W> AS WELL AS MANY AN>*I/S -- ?AT !RE IS A C\PL+ ( SOME SORT BETWE5 A G5]ALIZ$ URGE TO DE/ROY & A DISGU/ AT COMPLEX HUMAN SOCIETY4 

,R&OLPH ,B\RNE WAS RI<T :5 HE SAID 0W> IS ! HEAL? ( ! /ATE0 .<#e#f.> BUT ?IS O!R DRIV] IS AT WORK TOO1 ESPECIALLY :]E ! 'SIDES' >E NO LONG] /ATES4 ,FR5* AN>*I/ AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES' DESCRIPTION ( W> AMONG ,AMAZONIAN TRIBES IS NOT DIRECTLY TRANSF]ABLE TO 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICTS 9VOLV+ NON-AN>*I/ PEOPLES BUT NEV]!LESS AN E*O DOES RESONATE3 

,:AT IS ! FUNCTION ( PRIMITIVE W>8 ,TO ASSURE ! P]MAN5CE ( DISP]SAL1 ( ! P>CEL+ \T1 ( ! ATOMIZATION ( GR\PS4 ,PRIMITIVE W> IS ! WORK ( A C5TRIFUGAL LOGIC1 ( A LOGIC ( SEP>ATION :I* EXPRESSES ITSELF FROM TIME TO TIME 9 >M$ CONFLICT4 ,W> S]VES TO MA9TA9 EA* COMMUNITY 9 ITS POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE444 ,N[ :AT IS ! LEGAL P[] ?AT EMBRACES ALL DIFF]5CES 9 ORD] TO SUPPRESS !M1 :I* ONLY SUPPORTS ITSELF TO ABOLI% ! LOGIC ( ! MULTIPLE 9 ORD] TO SUB/ITUTE = IT ! OPPOSITE LOGIC ( UNIFICATION8 ,:AT IS ! O!R NAME ( ! ,ONE ?AT REFUSES 9 ESS5CE PRIMITIVE SOCIETY8 ,IT IS ! ,/ATE4 .<#e#g.> 

,IT IS NOT ALL HUBRIS & D\BLETALK :5 MILIT>Y SP9-DOCTORS DESCRIBE /ATI/ 9VASIONS AS 'PEACEKEEP+'4 ,E?NIC DIV]SITY & AUTONOMY (T5 EM]GE BO? FROM MUTUAL AID 9 COMMUNITY & ANIMOSITY BETWE5 COMMUNITIES4 ,I LIKE TO ?9K 7& \R HI/ORY BACKS ?IS UP7 ?AT SELF-ID5TIFI$ AN>*I/S WILL NEV] 9FLICT SU* PA9 AS ! ,S]B NATIONALI/ MILITIAS 7AN EXAMPLE ,I PURPOSELY *OSE = ITS REPUGNANCE7 BUT WE %\LD ADMIT ?AT \R WI% TO 'FUCK %IT UP' IS P>TLY DRIV5 BY ! SAME URGE TO CIVILIZATIONAL DISMEMB]M5T AS CAN F\ND 9 MANY 9T]-E?NIC CONFLICTS1 & 9 ! M9DS ( FI<T]S MORE G5]ALLY4 ,AS C5TRAL P[] IS WEAK5$ 9 SOME >EAS1 POSSIBILITIES = AN>*Y 9 BO? ITS HAPPY & ITS HORRIBLE MEAN+S WILL OP5 UP4 

,FROM 7FOOD7 ,RIOTS TO ,9SURRECTION 

,CLIMATE W>S TO COME MAY WIPE \T MANY AN>*I/S BUT IS UNLIKELY TO KILL (F ,AN>*ISM1 :I* AS A POLITICAL MOVEM5T HAS SURVIV$ SIGNIFICANT CULLS ( ITS ADH]5TS 9 PA/ LOCAL APOCALYPSES4 .<#e#h.> ,DESPITE ALL ! HORRORS ( ! LA/ #b YE>S1 ,AN>*ISM IS1 AS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES PUT IT1 0! CRE$ ?AT WON'T /AY DEAD40 .<#e#i.> ,?IS IS HE>T5+1 BUT WE >E NOT IDEOLOGICAL MA*9ES4 ,IT DOES MATT] ?AT AN>*I/S !MSELVES -- I4E4 Y\1 ME1 \R FAMILIES & FRI5DS WE HAVE YET TO MEET -- KEEP ON LIV+ -- NOT JU/ '! IDEAL'4 ,IT MATT]S TO ME6 ,GIVE OR TAKE ! P>TICUL>ITIES ( ! LOCAL1 WE MAY HAVE TW5TY YE>S 7PROBABLY MORE7 TO PREP>E = !SE RUPTURES1 NOT AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO O!R TASKS AT H&1 BUT AS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( A LONG T]M MULTI-PRONG$ /RATEGY4 ,= SOME1 IT WILL ALSO BE A MATT] ( LIFE OR DEA?4 

,:ILE FUTURE CLIMATE W>S WILL BE AN EXT5SION ( ! PRES5T CONDITIONS !Y >E LIKELY TO BE F> BIGG] & MORE EXTREME4 ,9 SOME PLACES PEOPLES1 AN>*I/S AMONG !M1 C\LD TRANS=M CLIMATE W>S 9TO SUCCESSFUL LIB]T>IAN 9SURRECTIONS4 ,9 O!RS ! BATTLE MAY SIMPLY BE = SURVIVAL OR EV5 DEA? ) DIGNITY & MEAN+4 ,?OSE 9 RELATIVITY /ABLE SOCIAL 5VIRONM5TS -- POLITICALLY & CLIMATICALLY -- WILL PROBABLY BE FAC$ BY AN 9CREAS+LY OPPRESSIVE SURVEILLANCE /ATE & A 'MASS' :I* 9CREAS+LY FE>S '! B>B>ISM BEYOND ! WALLS'4 

,:AT ACTUAL PRACTICAL /UFF NE$S TO BE DONE WILL DEP5D L>GELY ON :]E & :O Y\ >E4 ,:ILE WE MAY HAVE SOME %>$ ASPIRATIONS1 CLIMATE *ANGE RE9=CES ! BASIC TRU? ?AT WE DO NOT HAVE ONE %>$ GLOBAL FUTURE4 ,:ILE EV]Y:]E ! 5EMY IS E/RANGEM5T & DOME/ICATION1 .<#f.> ! SITUATIONS 9 ,BAS+/OKE & ,BANGLADE% >E DIFF]5T 9 ! PRES5T & WILL BE 9 ! FUTURE4 

,DUR+ HIS LECTURE AT ! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY1 ,LOVELOCK /AT$3 

,WE N[ FACE ! />K *OICE BETWE5 A RETURN TO A NATURAL LIFE AS A SMALL B& ( HUNT] GA!R]S OR A MU* R$UC$ HI< TE* CIVILIZATION444 .<#f#a.> 

,RA!R ?AN A *OICE1 !RE IS LIKELY TO BE BO? SORTS ( SURVIVOR 7AS !RE IS N[7 -- HI<-TE* 9DU/RIAL CITIZ5 & L[-TE* GA!R]-HUNT] AN>*I/4 ,9 BETWE5 !SE TWO EXTREMES WILL LIE1 BURI$ OR HUNGRY1 ! 0MU* R$UC$0 7MANY FROM CLIMATE W>S7 ALONG ) ?OSE EK+ \T A POSSIBLY FRE] 7OR NOT7 LIFE ON ! M>G9S ( AGRICULTURAL_/PA/ORAL VIABILITY4 ,LET'S LOOK !N AT :AT POSSIBILITIES !RE MAY BE = LIB]TY & WILDNESS 9 SOME ( !SE DIV]G+ LIFE WAYS4 

#d4 ,AFRICAN ,ROADS TO ,AN>*Y 

,AN>*IC ELEM5TS 9 EV]YDAY 7PEASANT7 LIFE 

,TO EXAM9E FUTURE POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY 9 PEASANT LIFE1 LET'S1 AS AN EXAMPLE1 LOOK TO ! CONT95T MO/ (T5 WRITT5 (F4 ,!SE DAYS 0,AFRICA HAS AN IMAGE PROBLEM0 .<#f#b.>3 W>1 FAM9E1 DISEASE & *>ITY APPEALS4 ,AS TIME GOES ON1 ?IS SKEW$ VIEW ( A DIV]SE CONT95T WILL BE FUR!R EXAGG]AT$ BY WORS5+ CLIMATE *ANGE & ! 9T]V5TIONS ( DISA/] CAPITALISM4 .<#f#c.> ,9 ! PREVI\S SECTIONS WE SAW ?AT CLIMATE *ANGE WILL CAUSE & EXAC]BATE CIVIL W>S L>GELY ?R\< 9CREAS+ ! SC>CITY ( FOOD1 WAT] & CULTIVATABLE SOIL4 ,MANY 5VISION !SE FUTURE CONFLICTS AS A G5]ALIZATION ( ! IMAGE !Y HOLD ( PRES5T DAY ,AFRICA4 ,9 DO+ SO !Y >E MO/LY MI/AK54 

,MO/ ( ,AFRICA'S W>S TODAY >E FUEL$ MORE BY ! PRES5CE ( RES\RCES & LESS !IR SC>CITY4 .<#f#d.> ,RETRACTIONS 9 GLOBAL TRADE %\LD D5Y OXYG5 TO SOME ( !SE FIRES4 ,= 9/ANCE1 AS ! OIL RUNS \T1 >EAS SU* AS ! ,NIG] ,DELTA1 UND] SIEGE BY /ATE_/CORPORATE OIL 9T]E/S1 >E LIKELY TO BECOME ONCE AGA9 BACKWAT]S RA!R ?AN BATTLEGR\NDS4 ,I TAKE IT AS A GIV5 ?AT WE WILL NOT SEE AN ,AFRICAN-WIDE CONV]SION TO ,WE/]N-ORIG9AT$ ,AN>*ISM1 SO :AT SOCIETIES EVOLVE 9TO WILL1 9 L>GE P>T1 BE DEF9$ BY :AT !Y >E N[4 ,& H]E IS SOME GOOD NON-NEWS FROM ,AFRICA -- 9 MANY PLACES & ON MANY LEVELS ITS CULTURES HAVE SIGNIFICANT AN>*IC *>ACT]I/ICS1 ) A M9ORITY BE+ FUNCTION+ AN>*IES4 ,I'LL H& OV] = A MOM5T TO ,SAM ,MBAH1 A ,NIG]IAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/3 

,TO A GREAT] OR LESS] EXT5T444 .<MANY.> TRADITIONAL ,AFRICAN SOCIETIES MANIFE/$ AN AN>*IC ELOQU5CE :I*1 UPON CLOS] EXAM9ATION1 LEADS CR$5CE TO ! HI/ORICAL TRUISM ?AT GOV]NM5TS HAVE NOT ALWAYS EXI/$4 ,!Y >E BUT REC5T PH5OM5A & >E1 !RE=E1 NOT 9EVITABLE 9 HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,:ILE SOME AN>*IC FEATURES 9 TRADITIONAL ,AFRICAN SOCIETY EXI/$ L>GELY 9 PA/ /AGES ( 

DEVELOPM5T1 SOME ( !M P]SI/ & REMA9 PRON\NC$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,:AT ?IS MEANS IS ?AT ! IDEALS UND]LY+ ,AN>*ISM MAY NOT BE SO NEW 9 ! ,AFRICAN CONTEXT4 ,:AT IS NEW IS ! CONCEPT ( ,AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T IDEOLOGY4 ,AN>*Y AS AB/RACTION MAY 9DE$ BE .<L>GELY.> UNKN[N TO ,AFRICANS1 BUT IS NOT AT ALL UNKN[N AS A WAY ( LIFE444 

,MANIFE/ATIONS ( AN>*IC ELEM5TS 9 ,AFRICAN COMMUNITIES444 W]E & TO SOME DEGREE /ILL >E P]VASIVE4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! P>TIAL OR COMPLETE ABS5CE ( HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES1 /ATE APP>ATUSES1 & ! COMMODIFICATION ( LABOR4 ,TO PUT ?IS 9 POSITIVE T]MS1 .<SOME SOCIETIES.> W]E 7& >E7 L>GELY SELF MANAG$1 EGALIT>IAN & REPUBLICAN 9 NATURE4 .<#f#e.> 

,! EXT5T TO :I* ,AFRICA IS VIEW$ AS A 'BASKET CASE' 9 'WORLD OP9ION' IS 9 P>T ! EXT5T TO :I* ITS SOCIETIES >E AN>*IC & NOT FULLY 5CLOS$ )9 CAPITALI/ RELATIONS4 

,:Y HAVE AN>*IC SOCIAL RELATIONS SURVIV$ 9 ,AFRICA TO SU* A DEGREE8 ,JIM ,FEA/1 WRIT+ = ! ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ MAGAZ9E ,FIF? ,E/ATE 1 HAS SOME ANSW]S3 

,9 SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICA1 ASIDE FROM 9 ! M9ORITY ( C\NTRIES ) A L>GE1 :ITE SETTL] POPULATION & VALUABLE RES\RCES 7SU* AS DIAMONDS OR COPP]71 !RE WAS LITTLE P5ETRATION ( CAPITALI/ AGRICULTURAL =MS OR GOV]NM5T 9TO ! 9T]IOR4 ,9 ! COLONIAL ]A444 ! IMP]IAL P[]S HAD ONLY LIMIT$ GOALS4 ,!RE WAS NO DESIRE TO 9VE/ RES\RCES TO 5SURE ! /ATE C\LD PROJECT ITS AU?ORITY 9TO EV]Y CORN] ( ! NEW COLONIES444 ,&1 AFT] 9DEP5D5CE1 SETTL] /ATES EXCEPT$444 ,AFRICANS REMA9$ ONLY M>G9ALLY AFFECT$ BY ! M>KET4 ,!Y 9CREAS+LY TRAD$ 9 ! M>KET1 BUT !IR BASE WAS /ILL A HOME/EAD & FAMILY F>M :]E A SUBSI/5CE E?OS PREVAIL$444 ,! SALI5T PO9TS >E !SE4 ,NO MATT] H[ WIDE ! IMPACT ( WORLD CAPITALISM1 MU* ( SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICA HAS NOT BE5 EFFECTIVELY %AP$ BY /ATE OR M>KET P[]4 ,MOREOV]1 :ILE 9 444 .<MANY P>TS ( ! PLANET.>444 !RE IS A /RUGGLE TO DEVELOP AN ALT]NATIVE ECONOMY1 9 ! P>TS ( ,AFRICA UND] DISCUSSION1 A ROBU/ SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY1 UNCONC]N$ ) PR(IT & CAPITAL EXPANSION CONT9UES TO EXI/4 .<#f#f.> 

,PEOPLES )\T GOV]NM5TS 

,:ILE AN>*IC ELEM5TS >E P]VASIVE 9 ,AFRICA !RE >E ALSO 5TIRE AN>*I/ SOCIETIES4 .<#f#g.> ,SOME ( !SE EXI/ SURR\ND$ BY MORE 9CORPORAT$ POPULATIONS1 :ILE O!RS >E TRULY REMOTE FROM EXT]NAL P[] -- ?R\< LUCK OR ACTIVE AVOIDANCE4 ,5VIRONM5TS :I* >E NOT CONDUCIVE TO EMPIRE >E A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR BEH9D ! SURVIVAL ( SOME ( !SE CULTURES & !IR ABILITY TO DEF5D !IR AUTONOMY4 

,A NUMB] HAVE REMA9$ AN>*IC )9 !MSELVES :IL/ SUP]FICIALLY ACCEPT+ \TSIDE P[]4 ,?IS %\LD NOT NECESS>ILY BE SE5 AS ASSIMILATION4 ,GOV]NM5TS DON'T LIKE TO LET \TRI<T OPPOSITION GO UNPUNI%$ LE/ IT 5C\RAGE O!RS4 ,YET !Y DON'T ALWAYS HAVE ! CAPACITY TO FULLY 9T]NALIZE PREEXI/+ OR M>OON SOCIETIES1 ESPECIALLY WILY ONES4 ,= ! COMMUNITY1 ! 0/ATE P[] & ! ALI5 POLITICAL CULTURE444 >E SO DIFF]5T & SO P[]FUL ?AT444 DIRECT RESI/ANCE SOON PROVES TO BE UNAF=DABLE2 PASSIVE ACCOMMODATION IS IMPOSSIBLE AS WELL4 ,! MO/ ACCEPTABLE POSSIBILITY IS SOME K9D ( COLLABORATION ?AT ALL[S ?+S TO CONT9UE ALMO/ AS BE=E1 ) ! IDEA ?AT 'WE W]E H]E BE=E !M & WE WILL BE H]E AFT] !M'0 .<#f#h.> ,9 SOME SITUATIONS ?IS IS AS SIMPLE AS UNSPOK5 CONTRACTS APPROXIMATE TO ',WE'LL PRET5D Y\'RE GOV]N+ US1 Y\ PRET5D TO BELIEVE IT'4 ,9 O!R SITUATIONS '\TWITT+ ! /ATE' MAY 9VOLVE A COMPLEX SET ( TACTICS 9CLUD+ PROVID+ KEY FUNCTIONS1 RETRADITIONALISATION1 REGUL> MOVEM5T & MANIPULAT+ ! BALANCE ( COMPET+ EXT]NAL P[]S4 

,SOME MAY OBJECT ?AT !SE AN>*IES >E NOT ?OSE 'WE' W\LD DESIGN IF 'WE' W]E TO SIT D[N & PLAN ! 'IDEAL' SOCIETY = !M .<#f#i.> -- BUT !Y >E AN>*IES NONE ! LESS4 ,?\< F> MORE EGALIT>IAN ?AN SURR\ND+ SOCIETIES1 !Y USUALLY HAVE SOME LEVEL ( SEX & AGE /RATIFI$ P[] RELATIONS1 A DIVISION ( LABOR & SOMETIMES RELY ON ANIMAL SLAV]Y4 ,I DON'T VIEW ANY ( !SE ?+S AS GOOD BUT IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$ ?AT TO DIFF]+ EXT5TS !SE >E ASPECTS ( ALL CIVILIZ$ SOCIETIES4 ,AT LEA/ !SE CULTURES DON'T HAVE CLASS W>F>E OR ! /ATE6 ,9 ?IS S5SE !Y >E AN>*IES EV5 IF !Y DON'T CON=M TO ALL ! ASPIRATIONS ( '\R' WE/]N ORIG9AT$ ,AN>*ISMS4 ,!Y %\LD NOT BE IDEALIZ$ 7ANY MORE ?AN PRES5T DAY ,*IAPAS OR #aicf ,B>CELONA7 & Y\ DON'T HAVE TO 'SUPPORT !M'4 ,BUT !SE >E EXI/+ AN>*IES1 ! ACTIVE SOCIAL CREATION ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE ?R\< TIME RESI/+ ! CONC5TRATION ( P[]4 ,ANY OV]VIEW ( POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY W\LD BE FOOLI% TO IGNORE !M4 ,?OSE ( US :O >E FREE+ \RSELVES FROM AU?ORITY CAN F9D 9SI<TS1 9SPIRATION & W>N+S FROM !IR EXAMPLES4 .<#g.> 

,COMMONS RESURG5T AS GLOBAL TRADE RETRACTS 

,= ?OSE 9 ,AFRICA1 ! FACT ?AT AN>*IES EXI/ & SOME AN>*IC T5D5CIES REMA9 WIDESPREAD BEYOND !M LEAVES R\TES ( ESCAPE & SURVIVAL OP5 :I* CAN BE UTILIZ$ AS AU?ORITIES COLLAPSE1 RETRACT OR >E DE/ROY$4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT MANY COMMONS-BAS$ SOCIETIES )9 ,AFRICA >E FALL-BACK POSITIONS TURN$ TO AFT] COMPLEX K+DOMS COLLAPS$ OR W]E DISMANTL$ BY 9VAD+ EMPIRES 7BO? ,WE/]N & ,AFRICAN74 ,:ILE COLONIAL ELITES (T5 POLIC$ ?R\< LOCAL TRADITIONAL AU?ORITIES1 !Y CAME TO BL[S ) !M TOO4 ,DOM9ANT CLASSES ACT 9 !IR [N 9T]E/1 NOT 9 ?AT ( AN AB/RACT SY/EM ( HI]>*ICAL P[]4 ,! ATTACK ON LOCAL AU?ORITY BY \TSIDE ELITES OP5$ UP POSSIBILITIES = AN>*Y 9 ! PA/ & ?IS PATT]N CONT9UES4 ,JIM ,FEA/ ONCE AGA93 

,H]E'S AN IRONY ( HI/ORY4 ,9 ! LA/ #ae YE>S1 9 .<SOME P>TS (.> ! 9DU/RIALLY UNDEVELOP$ WORLD1 ! /ATE HAS WI!R$ AWAY1 NOT BECAUSE ( ITS SUP]CESSION1 BUT DUE TO ! EXT5SION ( GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 ,TALK ( /ATE COLLAPSE ON CAPITAL'S P]IPH]Y DOESN'T MEAN GOV]NM5TS HAVE COMPLETELY VANI%$1 BUT ?AT MANY /ATES HAVE DIM9I%$ FROM BE+ ! TOTALIZ$ AG5CIES ( CONTROL WE EXP]I5CE 9 ,NOR!RN TI] C\NTRIES444 

,S9CE 9DEP5D5CE1 MO/ SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICAN C\NTRIES HAVE BE5 ONE-P>TY /ATES1 HEAD$ BY CORRUPT /RONG M5 :O RULE BY COMB9+ MILIT>Y CO]CION ) ! DI/RIBUTION ( FAVORS TO WELL-PLAC$ FOLL[]S444 ,! 9TELLIG5T /RONG MAN SEES ?AT NOT ONLY HIS IMM$IATE CRONIES 7:O /AFF ! /ATE7 BUT REGIONAL & TRIBAL LEAD]S ( EV]Y SIGNIFICANT /RIPE MU/ BE CULTIVAT$ BY F9ANC+ 9FRA/RUCTURAL PROJECTS 7?AT (F] PRIME OPPORTUNITIES = GRAFT7 9 !IR BAILIWICKS444 ,BUT ) /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T POLICIES =C$ UPON !SE NATIONS1 ?IS =M ( GOV]NM5T HAS .<(T5.> CEAS$ TO EXI/ BECAUSE FUNDS TO SU/A9 ! PATRONAGE NETWORKS >E NO LONG] !RE444 ,9 A MOVEM5T TO %ORE UP ELITE RULE1 !RE HAS BE5 A WIDESPREAD MORPH+ 9TO MULTI-P>TY DEMOCRACIES4 ,FROM #aihh TO #aiii ! NUMB] ( /ATES 9 SUB-,SAH>AN ,AFRICA FEATUR+ MULTI-P>TY ELECTIONS W5T FROM #i TO #d#e4 ,?IS TEMPOR>ILY & CYNICALLY SOLVES TWO PROBLEMS = /ATE RULE444 ,IT RE/ORES A PAT9A ( LEGITIMACY TO A SY/EM ?AT CAN NO LONG] PROVIDE EI!R PATRONAGE OR WELF>E S]VICES TO ITS CITIZ5S1 & RE9VIGORATES IT BY DIVID+ CLI5TS AMONG ! COMPET+ P>TIES1 SO EA* POLITICAL GR\P+ HAS NE$ TO SIPHON FEW] FUNDS S9CE IT S]VES A SMALL] CLI5T BASE .<#g#a.> 444 

,ANO!R LOSS ( /ATE P[] IS ! 9ABILITY ( IT TO PROVIDE M9IMAL WELF>E TO ! CITIZ5RY1 SU* AS $UCATION & M$ICAL C>E1 :I* /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T PROGRAMS ELIM9ATE AS TOO CO/LY4 ,:ILE SOME ( !SE S]VICES >E TAK5 OV] BY 9T]NATIONAL RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS1 MO/ ?AT >E CONT9U$ >E DONE SO BY GR\PS FROM ! DI/RESS$ SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AS ,?OMSON PUTS IT1 ',DECL9+ /ATE CAPACITY REQUIR$ CIVIL SOCIETY TO 9CREASE ITS SELF SUFFICI5CY4' ,! ONCE-REPRESS$ WOM5'S GR\PS1 TRADE UNIONS1 F>M]S ASSOCIATIONS1 & O!R GRASSROOTS NETWORKS >E ASSUM+ GREAT] RESPONSIBILITY 9 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE444 

.<,SO MAYBE H]E WE >E SEE+ AN ,AFRICAN ROAD TO ,AN>*ISM.> ':]EBY ! MONEY ECONOMY & ! /ATE1 :I* >E 9 A CONDITION ( P>TIAL COLLAPSE OR )DRAWAL1 C$E MORE & MORE FUNCTIONS TO NON-MONET>IZ$1 NON-/ATI/ VILLAGE COMMUNITIES ?AT >E ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( MUTUAL AID8' .<#g#b.> 

,?IS IS ALREADY HAPP5+ 9 SOME >EAS 9 A NON-NEWSWOR?Y MANN] )\T OV]T CONFLICT4 ,9 O!RS ?IS REVITALIZATION ( ! COMMONS IS ONE ( ! =CES FILL+ ! P[] VACUUM LEFT BY ! W>R+ FRAGM5TATION ( 'FAIL$ /ATES4' ,! /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T M5TION$ IS ( C\RSE TIME SPECIFIC4 ,!RE IS AN EBB & FL[ ( PROJECTS ( P[]1 AS ! EXPANSION ( ,*9A 9TO ,AFRICA %[S1 BUT NEV]!LESS ! PROCESS OBS]V$ IS A PO9T] TO :AT MAY HAPP5 9 MANY PLACES AS GLOBAL TRADE RETRACTS 9 A RES\RCE POOR1 CLIMATE *ANG$ WORLD4 

,\TWITT+ ! /ATE 

,AS WELL AS ?OSE WE C\LD MIS*IEV\SLY LABEL LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S1 .<#g#c.> ,AFRICA HAS A GR[+1 ?\< /ILL SMALL1 NUMB] ( GR\PS ORGANIZ+ UND] ! BANN] ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,!SE >E UNLIKELY TO *ANGE ! FACE_/S ( ! 5TIRE CONT95T BUT MAY PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLES 9 EM]G5T MOVEM5TS & /RUGGLES4 ,TO REPEAT ! E>LI] QUOTE FROM ,SEAWE$3 0,ANY BIOREGION CAN BE LIB]AT$ ?R\< A SUCCESSION ( EV5TS & /RATEGIES BAS$ ON ! CONDITIONS UNIQUE TO IT40 ,EV5 IF WE ACCEPT ! =ECLOSURE ( ANY POSSIBILITY ( GLOBAL AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 !RE IS NO REASON TO SAY A REGIONAL AN>*I/ 9SURRECTION SOME:]E 9 ,AFRICA 7OR ELSE:]E7 IS NOT ON ! C>DS & ?IS IS MADE MORE LIKELY BY ! FACTORS WE HAVE DISCUSS$ ALREADY4 ,9 PROBABLY OV]LY OPTIMI/IC T]MS ,SAM ,MBAH /ATES3 

,! PROCESS ( AN>*I/ TRANS=MATION 9 ,AFRICA MI<T PROVE COMP>ATIVELY EASY1 GIV5 ?AT ,AFRICA LACKS A /RONG CAPITALI/ F\NDATION1 WELL-DEVELOP$ CLASS =MATIONS & RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 & A /ABLE1 5TR5*$ /ATE SY/EM4 .<#g#d.> 

,:ILE A SURPRIS+ NUMB] ( ,AFRICAN DIRT ROADS LEAD TO AN>*Y .<#g#e.> MU* ( :AT WE HAVE T\*$ ON H]E RELATES TO MANY RURAL >EAS ACROSS ! PLANET TO DIFF]+ DEGREES4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 HIS EXCELL5T1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 .<#g#f.> ,JAMES ,C4 ,SCOTT REC\NTS NUM]\S EXAMPLES ( LIV$ AN>*IES 9 UPL& ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,EV5 \TSIDE ( AN>*IES1 PEASANT COMMUNITIES :OSE SELF-SUFFICI5CY HAVE NOT BE5 5TIRELY VANQUI%$1 /ILL (T5 RETA9 HI< LEVELS ( AUTONOMY -- ,L& IS ,LIB]TY6 .<#g#g.> ,SADLY 9 MANY PLACES COMMUNAL TRADITIONS HAVE BE5 ]ADICAT$1 ! 'COMMONS' 7OR 'WILD]NESS'7 5CLOS$ & F>M]S =CEFULLY TRANS=M$ 9TO WAGE LABOR]S4 ,9 O!RS H[EV]1 !Y HAVE NOT1 = A DIV]SE SET ( REASONS1 NOT LEA/ ( :I* IS RESI/ANCE4 ,/ATES DO NOT ALWAYS GET !IR [N WAY4 

,! TIDE ( ,WE/]N AU?ORITY WILL REC$E FROM MU*1 ?\< BY NO MEANS ALL ( ! PLANET4 ,A WRI?+ MESS ( SOCIAL FLOTSAM & JETSAM WILL BE LEFT 9 ITS WAKE4 ,SOME PAT*ES ( LIV$ AN>*Y1 SOME HORRIBLE CONFLICTS1 SOME EMPIRES1 SOME FRE$OMS1 & ( C\RSE1 UNIMAG9ABLE WEIRDNESS4 ,AS /ATES REC$E & 'FAIL' -- ?R\< 5TROPY1 /UPIDITY1 REVOLUTION1 9T]NAL CONFLICT1 CLIMATE /RESS -- PEOPLE WILL CONT9UE TO DIG1 S[1 H]D & LIVE -- MO/1 ADMITT$LY1 9 VA/LY MORE *ALL5G+ CLIMATES1 & FEW ) ! GU>ANTEE ( A PEACEFUL LIFE4 ,9 MANY PLACES COMMODIFI$ L& WILL BE RECLAIM$ AS COMMONS & NEW COMMUNITIES WILL BE =M$ BY REFUGEES FROM ! COLLAPS$ ECONOMIES4 ,AN>*IC SOCIETIES -- OLD & NEW -- WILL NE$ TO DEF5D !IR LIB]TY & LIVES1 ?R\< AVOIDANCE1 >MS1 FLI<T & '\TWITT+ ! /ATE'4 

,WE HAVE GLIMPS$ SOME ( ! POSSIBILITIES OP5$ UP 7& CLOS$7 BY BO? FUTURE CLIMATE W>S & ! RETRACTION ( /ATE GOV]NANCE FROM RURAL COMMUNITIES -- BUT :AT AB\T LIB]TY AT ! %IFT+ \T] BORD]S ( CIVILIZATION8 ,& :AT ( LIB]TY BEYOND ?OSE BORD]S -- 9 ! WILD8 

#e4 ,CIVILIZATION ,RETREATS1 ,WILDNESS ,P]SI/S 

,I MET A TRAVEL] FROM AN ANTIQUE L&  

,:O SAID3 ,TWO VA/ & TRUNKLESS LEGS ( /ONE  

,/& 9 ! DES]T444 ,NE> !M1 ON ! S&1  

,HALF SUNK1 A %ATT]$ VISAGE LIES1 :OSE FR[N1  

,& WR9KL$ LIP1 & SNE] ( COLD COMM&1   

,TELL ?AT ITS SCULPTOR WELL ?OSE PASSIONS READ  

,:I* YET SURVIVE1 /AMP$ ON !SE LIFELESS ?+S1  

,! H& ?AT MOCK$ !M1 & ! HE>T ?AT F$3  

,& ON ! P$E/AL !SE WORDS APPE>3  

',MY NAME IS ,OZYM&IAS1 K+ ( K+S3  

,LOOK ON MY WORKS1 YE ,MI<TY1 & DESPAIR6'  

,NO?+ BESIDE REMA9S4 ,R\ND ! DECAY  

,( ?AT COLOSSAL WRECK1 B\NDLESS & B>E  

,! LONE & LEVEL S&S /RET* F> AWAY4 

 -- ,OZYM&IAS1 ,P]CY ,BYS%E ,%ELLEY1 #ahag 

,EMPIRES SPREAD DES]TS :I* !Y CANNOT SURVIVE 

,READ IT 9 ! RU9S ( ,UR & ,MU ,US1 ! DES]TIFI$ FIELDS ( ,WADI ,FAYNAN .<#g#h.> & ! ,TE*UACAN ,VALLEY4 .<#g#i.> ,EMPIRES SPREAD DES]TS :I* !Y CANNOT SURVIVE4 ,RAIDS1 9SURRECTIONS & DES]TION (T5 M>K ! FALL ( CIVILIZATIONS BUT ! REAL GR\ND WORK = !IR DE/RUCTION HAS ALWAYS BE5 DONE BY !IR [N LEAD]S1 WORK]S & ZEKS4 ,WE >E ALL WORK+ T[>DS ! DE/RUCTION ( \R CIVILIZATIONS4 .<#h.> 

0,CIVILIZ$ MAN HAS M>*$ ACROSS ! FACE ( ! E>? & LEFT A DES]T 9 HIS FOOTPR9TS40 .<#h#a.> 

,! EXT5T TO :I* GLOBAL HEAT+ WILL CAUSE ! EXPANSION ( HOT DES]TS IS UNKN[N BUT ?AT !Y WILL DO SO -- & DRA/ICALLY -- IS A PRETTY SAFE BET4 ,! 9T]ACTION ( SOIL1 CLIMATE & CIVIL P[] WILL CONT9UE TO BE A DOM9ANT FACTOR DET]M9+ BO? HI/ORY & ! OP5+ UP ( T]RITORY = FRE] LIVES4 ,?AT AGRICULTURAL SY/EMS WILL FAIL AS ! >ID WORLDS SPREAD MEANS ?AT1 ONCE AGA91 CIVILIZATIONS WILL HAVE TO RETREAT FROM MU* ( !IR PREVI\SLY CONQU]$ L&S4 ,9 SOME PLACES ?IS WILL BE TOTAL1 9 O!RS A MATT] ( DEGREES4 

,9 MY MO!R TONGUE DES]TS >E UN9HABITABLE1 AB&ON$1 DES]T$ 2 BUT BY :OM8 ,NOT BY ! COYOTES OR ! CACTUS WR5S4 ,NOT BY ! H>VE/] ANTS OR ! RATTLESNAKES4 ,NOT BY ! NAMIB QUICK/EPS1 ! ME]CATS1 ! ACACIAS1 ! TAHRS1 ! S&GR\SE & ! R$ KANG>OOS4 ,DES]TS & >ID 5VIRONM5TS G5]ALLY >E (T5 BIOLOGICALLY DIV]SE1 ?\< BY !IR NATURE1 ! LIFE IS SP>S] ?AN 9 O!R BIOMES4 ,:ILE SOME DES]T >EAS >E LIFELESS1 9 MO/ COMMUNITIES ( ANIMALS1 BIRDS1 9SECTS1 BACT]IA & PLANTS RUN1 FLY1 CRAWL1 SPREAD & GR[ 9 LIVES UNORD]$1 UNDOME/ICAT$ BY CIVILIZATION4 ,WILDNESS IS 9 US & ALL >\ND US4 ,! BATTLE TO CONTA9 & CONTROL IT IS ! CON/ANT LABOR ( CIVILIZATION4 ,:5 ?AT BATTLE IS LO/ & ! FIELDS >E DES]T$1 WILDNESS P]SI/S4 

,BEH9D ! DU/1 MEAN:ILE1 UND] ! VULTURE-HAUNT$ SKY1 ! DES]T WAITS -- MESAS1 BUTTE1 CANYON1 REEF1 S9K1 ESC>PM5T1 P9NACLE1 MAZE1 DRY LAKE1 S& DUNE & ,B>R5 ,M\NTA94 .<#h#b.> 

,NOMADIC FRE$OMS & ! COLLAPSE ( AGRICULTURE 

,I REMEMB] SITT+ CR\*$ 9 ! R$1 UND] ! HOT SUN1 ! W9D L[1 ! SIL5CE ( ! DES]T WAS ABSOLUTE444 OR IT W\LD HAVE BE5 IF IT WASN'T1 ( C\RSE1 = ALL ! GOSSIP+4 ,!RE >E PEOPLE H]E1 NOT ALL DES]TS >E UNLIVABLE1 BUT = /ATES A SURPLUS IS B>ELY POSSIBLE4 ,! SP>S5ESS ( LIFE FAVORS NOMADISM -- :E!R BY H]D]S1 =AG]S1 TRAVEL]S OR TRAD]S4 

,NO ONE CAN LIVE ?IS LIFE & EM]GE UN*ANG$4 ,!Y WILL C>RY1 H[EV] FA9T1 ! IMPR9T ( ! DES]T1 ! BR& :I* M>KS ! NOMAD4 .<#h#c.> 

,:ILE ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] CAN >ISE 9 ANY SOCIETY ) SOME LEVEL ( DOME/ICATION1 OV]ALL ! MORE NOMADIC A PEOPLE ! MORE 9DEP5D5T !Y >E LIKELY TO BE4 ,GOV]NM5TS KN[ ?IS AS CAN BE WITNESS$ BY ! WIDESPREAD ATTEMPTS TO SETTLE !IR DES]T NOMAD PROBLEMS4 ,:E!R IT IS ! OB/9ATE SURVIVAL ( ,ABORIG9AL LIFE WAYS 9 ,AU/RALIA1 .<#h#d.> ! UNCOMPROMIS+ RESI/ANCE ( ! ,APA*E L$ BY ,VICTORIO OR ! REC5T ,TU>EG 9SURRECTION 9 ! ,SAH>A1 NOMADS >E (T5 ADEPT AT FI<T &_/OR FLI<T4 

,HEL5E ,CLAUDOT-,HAWAD SAYS 9 A DISCUSSION ( ,TU>EG CONFLICT ) MOD]N /ATES ?AT3 0,/ATE B\ND>IES HAVE BY DEF9ITION A FIX$1 IMMOVABLE & 9TANGIBLE L9E1 & >E PURPOSEFULLY MADE NOT TO BE TRANSGRESS$4 ,!Y SEP>ATE :AT >E MEANT TO BE MUTUALLY OPPOS+ 5TITIES40 .<#h#e.> ,?AT ! RESI/ANT 9DEP5D5CE ( NOMADS IS (T5 MIX$ ) A PRACTICAL DISBELIEF 9 BORD]S MAKES !M ?REAT5+ TO ! V]Y IDEOLOGICAL BASIS ( GOV]NM5TS4 

,GLOBAL HEAT+ WILL /IMULATE TRANS=MATIONS 9 HUMAN L& USES4 ,AS NOT$ 9 ! PREVI\S *APT]1 9 SOME PLACES PEASANT SELF-SUFFICI5CY WILL LIKELY REPLACE EXPORT ORI5TAT$ MONOCULTURE1 :ILE 9 O!RS WI!R$ CROPS MAY BE REPLAC$ BY ANIMAL HUSB&RY4 ,9 ! EXP&+ >ID ZONES A GOOD PROPORTION ( ?OSE :O SUCCESSFULLY ADAPT MAY DO SO BY EMBRAC+ NOMADIC FRE$OMS & TRAN%UMANT PA/ORAL SUBSI/5CE4 .<#h#f.> ,9 O!RS /ILL1 NOMADIC PA/ORALI/S & AGRICULTURALI/S MAY REV]T TO HUNT]-GA!R+4 

,= MO/ ( \R SPECIES' EXI/5CE1 ALL W]E =AG]S & WILD]NESS WAS \R HOME4 ,HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES 9CLUDE ! MO/ EGALIT>IAN ON E>? .<#h#g.> & :]E SU* CULTURES HAVE SURVIV$ TO MOD]N TIMES !Y HAVE DONE SO 9 >EAS REMOTE FROM C5TRALIZ$ P[] & (T5 UNSUITABLE = AGRICULTURE4 ,= EXAMPLE ! ,SP9FEX PEOPLE ( ! ,GREAT ,VICTORIA ,DES]T HAVE BE5 ABLE TO CONT9UE !IR TRADITIONAL LIVES DESPITE ! ADV5T ( ,AU/RALIA'1 AS !IR HOMEL&S >E SO B>R5 ?AT IT IS NOT EV5 SUITABLE = PA/ORALISM4 .<#h#h.> ,! 6,KUNG TOO1 MANAG$ TO LIVE WELL & FREE AS GA!R-HUNT]S 9 A V]Y H>% 5VIRONM5T -- ! ,KALAH>I4 .<#h#i.> 

,:5 AGRICULTURALI/S FACE EXTREME FOOD /RESS OR EXT]NAL VIOL5CE1 =AG+ IS AN ADAPTIVE /RATEGY ?AT HAS BE5 TURN$ TO MANY TIMES4 ,= SOME ?IS MAY BE TEMPOR>Y1 = O!RS P]MAN5T4 ,?US1 ) SPREAD+ DES]TIFICATION WE C\LD SEE1 9 SOME PLACES1 A SPREAD+ DES]TION FROM CIVILIZATION TO SOME?+ RESEMBL+ \R ORIG9AL AN>*I/ WILD-LIFE4 ,:OLE NEW B&S ( =AG]S MAY EVOLVE FOLL[+ COLLAPSES ( AGRICULTURAL VIABILITY & ! RETRACTION ( EXUB]ANT1 5]GY RI* /ATE P[]S4 ,GIV5 ! PRES5T CONDITION ( MANY >ID ZONE PA/ORALI/S & =AG]S IT IS MORE LIKELY ?AT 9 MO/ CASES WE WILL SEE HYBRIDITY -- AN 9CREASE 9 AUTONOM\S NOMADIC POPULATIONS RELY+ BO? ON ANIMAL H]D+ & =AG+4 

,S&GR\SE & CREOSOTE 

,ON A MORE G5]AL LEVEL1 MANY ( ?OSE ) A LONG+ = WILDNESS & A NE$ = FRE$OM FROM AU?ORITY HAVE GRAVITAT$ T[>DS ! FRONTI]S (T5 HOT DES]TS & SEMI->ID REGIONS4 

,AS ,I W&] \T 9 ! G5TLE SPR+1  

,I HE> A KE5 CALL ( Y\R ROADS1 ,O ,DES]T6  

,I %ALL LEAVE MY HOME 9 ! DRE>Y HILLS  

,H[ SAD >E O!R L&S COMP>$ TO Y\1 ,O ,DES]T6 

-- ,SEIDI1 A #a#i? C5TURY ,TURKMAN POET 

,SU* POSSIBILITIES >E PRES5T -- & WILL BE MORE SO -- 9 MANY REGIONS1 ,EV5 = ?OSE )9 ! WALLS ( ! SUPPOS$ GLOBAL P[]S1 !RE WILL BE AN EXP&+ \TSIDE4 ,9 ! ALREADY WAT] /RESS$ >EAS ( S\!RN ,EUROPE1 DES]T$ F>MS & VILLAGES HAVE BE5 RE-9HABIT$ BY AN>*I/S1 HIPPIES1 CULTS & O!RS WI%+ TO FLEE ! DIRECT GAZE ( AU?ORITY & DES]T ! PRISON ( WAGE LABOR4 ,SIMIL> 'DROP \T' SITUATIONS >E PRES5T 9 ! DRY+ HE>T ( ,AU/RALIA & ! WE/]N DES]TS ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,H]E1 IMPORTANTLY1 ABORIG9AL COMMUNITIES P]SI/ OR >E REE/ABLI%+4 ,! LONG 9DIG5\S /RATEGY ( SURVIVAL -- 0WE W]E H]E BE=E & WILL BE AFT]0 -- MAY BE> DES]T FRUIT4 ,AS NUM]\S CONTEMPOR>Y /RUGGLES ILLU/RATE1 AN>*I/S & NATIVE PEOPLES CAN MAKE GOOD ALLIES4 

,SOME ( ! OLDE/ COMMUNITIES LIVE 9 DES]TS4 ,9 ! ,MOJAVE IS A ,CREOSOTE BU% CLONAL COLONY ?ATS SL[LY WID5+ CIRCLE IS E/IMAT$ AT #a#a1#g YE>S OLD4 ,REC5T G5ETIC TE/+ HAS 9DICAT$ ?AT ! ,BU%M5 ( ! ,KALAH>I >E PROBABLY ! OLDE/ CONT9U\S POPULATION ( HUMANS ON ,E>?4 .<#i.> ,!SE COMMUNITIES -- BO? PLANT & HUMAN -- >E 9SPIR+ EXAMPLES ( RESILI5CE1 BUT HAV+ SURVIV$ MILL5NIA 9 ! HOT DES]TS !Y MAY NOT SURVIVE ! /ILL SPREAD+ CULTURAL ONE4 ,! ANCI5T ,CREOSOTE BU% R+ IS QUITE L[ TO ! GR\ND & GR[S ON ,U,S ,BUREAU ( ,L& ,MANAGEM5T L& 0DESIGNAT$ = RECREATIONAL ALL-T]RA9 VEHICLE USE40 .<#i#a.> ,! ,BOTSWANA GOV]NM5T HAS =CEFULLY RELOCAT$ MANY ,KALAH>I ,BU%M5 FROM !IR HOMEL&S 9TO SQUALID RE-SETTLEM5T CAMPS1 SEEM+LY TO 5ABLE DIAMOND M9+4 .<#i#b.> ,= FREE PEOPLES & WILD-LIFE ! H>%NESS ( \R CULTURAL DES]T IS A MO/ ?REAT5+ ( 5VIRONM5TS4 

,OV]ALL1 !N1 AS ! PLANET HOTS UP WE %\LD REMEMB] ! NOMADIC FRE$OMS ( ! H]D]S & =AG]S1 ! REFUGIA ( ABORIG9AL PEOPLES & R5EGADE DROP-\TS1 ! WID5+ HABITATS ( DES]T FLORA & FAUNA4 ,?AT >ID ZONES WILL EXP& BR+S POSITIVE POSSIBILITIES AS WELL AS SADNESS = ! DIM9I%$1 (T5 PREVI\SLY VIBRANT1 ECOSY/EMS4 .<#i#c.> ,!RE CAN /ILL BE A BEAUTIFUL FL[]+ 9 ! DES]T4 ,I HAVE M5TION$ ! POSSIBILITIES OP5$ UP BY ! SPREAD ( HOT DES]TS1 BUT C\RSE !RE >E MANY CLOSURES TOO4 ,EV5 SOME RELATIVELY AN>*IC CULTURES ON OR BEYOND ! DES]T FRONTI]S WILL BECOME UNVIABLE4 ,SPECIES WILL BECOME EXT9CT4 ,:ILE !RE WILL BE SURVIVORS 9 ! EXP&+ DES]T L&S MANY WILL *OOSE TO FLEE ! HEAT4 ,SOME ( !SE MIGRATIONS -- TO SOME EXT5T ALREADY HAPP5+ -- WILL BE 9TRANATIONAL BUT MANY WILL BE 9T]NATIONAL4 

,9 ! HOT >ID WORLD SURVIVORS GA!R = ! J\RNEY TO ! >CTIC C5T]S ( CIVILIZATION2 ,I SEE !M 9 ! DES]T AS ! DAWN BREAKS & ! SUN ?R[S ITS PI]C+ GAZE ACROSS ! HORIZON AT ! CAMP4 ,! COOL FRE% NI<T AIR L+]S = A :ILE & !N1 LIKE SMOKE1 DISSIPATES AS ! HEAT TAKES *>GE444 .<#i#d.> 

,!SE >E SOME ( ! LA/ WORDS 9 ,LOVELOCKS ,REV5GE ( ,GAIA4 ,AS CIVILIZATION & MU* ( HUMANITY FLEES &_/OR DIES AS ! HOT DES]TS EXP& :AT ( ! COLD DES]TS -- :AT ( ! NEW 0>CTIC C5T]S ( CIVILIZATION08 

#f4 ,T]ROR-,NULLIUS ,RETURNS 

,CIVILIZATION EXP&S AS ! COLD DES]TS ?AW  

,G5OCIDE & ECOCIDE 9 ! 'EMPTY' L&S  

,LIVES ( LIB]TY_/SLAV]Y ON ! NEW FRONTI]S 

,ALTOGE!R ELSE:]E1 VA/  

,H]DS ( RE9DE] MOVE ACROSS  

,MILES & MILES ( GOLD5 MOSS1  

,SIL5TLY & V]Y FA/4 

-- FROM ,! ,FALL ( ,ROME1 ,W4,H4 ,AUD5 .<#i#e.> 

,CIVILIZATION EXP&S AS ! COLD DES]TS ?AW 

,AS WE EVOLV$ 9 ,AFRICA1 COLD DES]TS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 QUITE HO/ILE TO HUMAN 5DEAVOR & ?US1 :ILE 9CREAS+LY AFFECT$ BY CIVILIZATION1 !Y HAVE REMA9$ L>GELY UNDOME/ICAT$4 ,?IS WILL NOT LA/4 ,REPORTS FROM CLIMATOLOGI/S1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 SAILORS1 SEASONAL SITE WORK]S & ECOLOGI/S ALL CONFIRM ?AT ! EFFECTS ( GLOBAL CLIMATE *ANGE >E MAGNIFI$ 9 ! F> NOR?4 ,9 ,GRE5L& ,/5 ,P$]SON LEANS D[N TO H>VE/ CABBAGES1 .<#i#f.> SOME?+ UN?9KABLE A FEW DECADES AGO4 ,?R\< ! NEWLY ICE FRE$ >CTIC WAVES SURVEY %IPS PU% =W>D 9 SE>* ( OIL1 GAS & RI*ES4 .<#i#g.> ,9 MU* ( ! F> NOR? 7) ! EXCEPTION ( ?OSE >EAS SC>R$ BY ! LEGACY ( ,/AL9'S GULAGS & NEW CITIES7 ! 9TRUSIONS ( CIVILIZATION >E SP>SE OR TEMPOR>Y BUT !Y >E 9CREAS+1 & MANY ?9K WE >E ON ! BR9K ( A NEW COLD RU%4 ,BURI$ TREASURE BECOMES REA*ABLE & PREVI\SLY FROZ5 T]RITORY BECOMES MORE HOSPITABLE TO SETTLEM5T & AGRICULTURE4 ,CIVILIZATION WILL EXP& AS ! COLD DES]TS ?AW4 

,IT'S A DIRTY SECRET ?AT MANY ,NOR!RN GOV]NM5TS >E ACTIVELY LOOK+ =W>D TO ! EFFECTS ( CLIMATE *ANGE ON ! L&S !Y OCCUPY1 AT ! MOM5T (T5 ONLY SYMBOLICALLY4 ,!RE WILL BE SOME W9N]S 9 ! 79CREAS+LY7 WAT] RI*1 ?AW+ ,F> ,NOR? JU/ AS !RE WILL BE MANY1 MANY LOS]S 9 ! WAT]-/RESS$ HOT REGIONS4 ,CLIMATE DOESN'T BELIEVE 9JU/ICE4 0,SOME444 REGIONS ( ! WORLD444 MAY EXP]I5CE GA9S FROM GLOBAL W>M+ 9 ! NEXT #b TO #c YE>S1 SU* AS MORE FAVORABLE F>M+ CONDITIONS 9 SOME P>TS ( ,RUSSIA & ,CANADA40 .<#i#h.> 0,! NOR!RN QU>T] ( \R PLANET'S LATITUDES WILL UND]GO TREM5D\S TRANS=MATION OV] ! C\RSE ( ?IS C5TURY1 MAK+ !M A PLACE ( 9CREAS$ HUMAN ACTIVITY1 HI<] /RATEGIC VALUE1 & GREAT] ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ?AN TODAY40 .<#i#i.> 

,?IS TRANS=MATION WILL BE FUEL$ BY ! CLIMATIC EFFECT ( FOSSIL FUEL BURN+ & ! OP5+ UP ( NEW RES]VES4 0,! REGION C\LD BE HOME TO #i BILLION B>RELS ( OIL -- WOR? A :OPP+ @s#g TRILLION AT ! CURR5T OIL PRICE -- & #c P]C5T ( ! PLANET'S UNTAPP$ GAS RES]VES1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,U,S ,GEOLOGICAL ,SURVEY40 .<#a.> 

,E>LI]1 WE LOOK$ AT CLIMATE CONFLICTS & FOCUS$ ON HOT W>S1 BUT COLD W>S OV] ! CONTROL ( NEWLY ACCESSIBLE HYDROC>BON1 M9]AL & L& 'RES\RCES' >E ALSO POSSIBLE1 ?\< !Y W\LD HAVE A FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T *>ACT]4 0,COLD >EAS >E G5]ALLY ECONOMICALLY DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES & HOT >EAS >E G5]ALLY DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES444 ,CONFLICT AMONG DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES MI<T LEAD TO CONC5TRAT$ FATALITIES1 :ILE ?OSE 9 DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES MI<T LEAD TO CONFLICT ?AT IS MORE DIFFUSE40 0,:]E ! ,HOT ,W> IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! BREAKD[N ( /ATE FUNCTIONS & 9T]NAL /RIFE1 ! ,COLD ,W> EXEMPLIFIES CONDITIONS ( EXP&+ /ATE CONTROL & EXT]NAL CONFLICT40 .<#a#a.> 

,! EM]G5CE ( A NEW ,COLD ,W> -- ONCE AGA9 PRIM>ILY BETWE5 ,EA/ & ,WE/ C5T]S ( P[]1 ?\< ?IS TIME SOLIDLY AB\T ! ,F> ,NOR? -- IS ON ! C>DS4 .<#a#b.> ,= N[ ! PROBABILITY ( FULL-ON W> 9 ! NEW ,POL> ,T5SION ,BELT IS F> LESS ?AN ?AT 9 ! HOT >EAS ( ! PLANET1 NOT LEA/ AS MANY ( ! C\NTRIES 9 QUE/ION >E NUCLE> P[]S4 ,FRACAS RESEMBL+ ! ,U,K-,ICEL&IC ,COD ,W>S COMB9$ ) DIPLOMATIC GR&/&+1 SU* AS ! REC5T PLANT+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN FLAG ON ! SEAB$ ( ! NOR? POLE1 .<#a#c.> WILL NO D\BT 9CREASE4 ,! ONLY' ?+ ?AT WILL CATEGORICALLY PREV5T CONFLICT 9 ! REGION IS IF IT'S F\ND !RE IS NO?+ WOR? SCRAPP+ AB\T4 ,?IS IS UN=TUNATELY UNLIKELY -- ! OP5+ -- UP ( ! V]Y SEA ITSELF BR+S NEW POSSIBILITIES = TRADE & MOVEM5T EV5 IF LITTLE IS F\ND BEL[ IT4 

,!RE IS A =GOTT5 CONT95T 9 ?IS /ORY4 0,ANT>CTICA WILL SEE 5ORM\S *ANGES DUE TO T]RA-=M+ ?AT WILL CREATE OPPORTUNITIES = ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION4 ,) MANY SOV]EIGNTY CLAIMS 9 ! REGION1 !RE IS A *ANCE ?AT CONFLICT WILL BE ! \TCOME40 .<#a#d.> ,!RE IS A LOT ( ICE ON ,ANT>CTICA & SIGNIFICANT DISPUTES >E UNLIKELY TO HIT UNTIL MID-C5TURY IF NOT MU*1 MU* LAT]1 BUT ?AT DOES NOT MEAN /ATES >E NOT LAY+ F\NDATIONS4 ,IT IS A CRUEL IRONY ?AT MU* ( ! SCI5CE ?AT HAS 5ABL$ AW>5ESS ( CLIMATE *ANGE & ALL[$ GLIMPSES ( PA/ CLIMATES HAS COME ?R\< ! /]L+ EF=TS ( SCI5TI/S WORK+ 9 /ATE 9/ITUTIONS -- ! ,BRITI% ,ANT>CTIC ,SURVEY = EXAMPLE1 :OSE PRES5CE 9 ,ANT>CTICA IS 9 L>GE P>T FUND$ TO UND]L9E IMP]IAL CLAIMS OV] A CONT95T ?ATS TRUE CONQUE/ & DOME/ICATION CAN ONLY COME ?R\< MASSIVE CLIMATE *ANGE ,9 ! MEANTIME ! SEAS ( ! ,F> ,S\? -- ESPECIALLY >\ND ! DISPUT$ ,FALKL& ,ISL&S -- >E 9CREAS+LY P>TY TO OIL PROSPECT+4 

,ECOCIDE & G5OCIDE 9 ! 'EMPTY' L&S4 

,:5 ! ,BRITI% /ATE DECL>$ ,AU/RALIA 'T]RA NULLIUS' IT WAS DEF9+ ! L& AS EMPTY4 ,! PEOPLES1 ! WILDNESS1 W]E TO BE MADE 9VISIBLE1 UNBE>ABLE4 ,IF P]CEIV$ AT ALL1 !Y W]E SE51 CORRECTLY1 AS OB/ACLES TO PROGRESS4 ,9 ! ,F> ,NOR?1 AS 9 COLONIES G5]ALLY1 MU* ( ! L& IS ALREADY PEOPL$ & FROM A WID] P]SPECTIVE1 ANIMAL$4 ,!RE >E WOND]S 9 ! TUNDRA ?AT CIVILIZATION MU/ LAY TO WA/E 9 ! CAUSE ( EMPTY+ & OCCUPATION4 ,9 HIS BEAUTIFUL EXPLORATION ( ! ,>CTIC1 NATURALI/ ,B>RY ,LOPEZ DESCRIBES L&S HE LOVES4 

,! ,>CTIC1 OV]ALL1 HAS ! CLASSIC L9ES ( A DES]T L&SCAPE3 SP>E1 BALANC$1 EXT5D$1 & QUIET444 ,! APP>5T MONOTONY ( ! L& IS RELIEV$1 H[EV]1 BY ! WEA!R SY/EMS MOV+ ?R\<1 & BY ! ACTIVITIES ( ANIMALS1 P>TICUL>LY ( BIRDS & C>IB\4 ,& BECAUSE SO MU* ( ! C\NTRY /&S REVEAL$1 & BECAUSE SUNLI<T PASS+ ?R\< ! DU/LESS AIR R5D]S ITS $GES ) SU* UNUSUAL %>PNESS1 ANIMALS L+] BE=E ! EYE4 ,& !IR PRES5CE IS VIVID4 

,LIKE O!R L&SCAPES ?AT 9ITIALLY APPE> B>R51 >CTIC TUNDRA CAN OP5 SUDD5LY1 LIKE ! COROLLA ( A FL[]1 :5 ANY 9TIMACY ) IT IS S\<T4 ,ONE BEG9S TO NOTICE SPOTS ( BRILLIANT R$1 ORANGE1 & GRE51 = EXAMPLE1 AMONG ! MONOTONIC BR[NS ( A TUNDRA TUSSOCK4 

,A WOLF SPID] LUNGES AT A GLI/5+ BEETLE4 ,A %R$ ( MUSK OX WOOL LIES 9]T 9 ! LAV5D] BLOOMS ( SAXIFRAGE444 ,! WEAL? ( BIOLOGICAL DETAIL ON ! TUNDRA DISPELS ANY FEEL+ ?AT ! L& IS EMPTY2 & ITS LIK5ESS TO A /AGE SUGGE/S IMP5D+ EV5TS4 ,ON A SUMM]'S WALK1 ! W9D -WA%$ AIR PROVES DEA?LESSLY CLE>4 ,TIME & AGA9 Y\ COME UPON ! ISOLAT$ & SUCC9CT EVID5CE ( LIFE -- ANIMAL TRACKS1 ! UNDIGE/$ REMA9S ( A PT>MIGAN 9 AN [L'S CA/+1 A PAT* ( B>R5-GR\ND WILL[ NIBBL$ NE>LY LEAFLESS BY >CTIC H>ES4 ,Y\ >E AF=D$ ! COMPANION%IP ( BIRDS1 :I* FOLL[ AFT] Y\4 7,!Y KN[ Y\ >E AN ANIMAL2 SOON] OR LAT] Y\ WILL TURN UP SOME?+ TO EAT47 ,S&PIP]S SCATT] BE=E Y\1 SCREAM+ TUITUEK 1 AN ,ESKIMO NAME = !M4 ,COM+ AWKW>DLY D[N A SCREE SLOPE ( FRO/-RIV5 LIME/ONE Y\ MAKE A GLASS-T9KL+ CLATT] -- & AT A DI/ANCE A TUNDRA GRIZZLY RISES ON ITS H9D LEGS TO /UDY Y\2 ! DI%-%AP$ PAWS ( ITS FRONT LEGS DEA?LY /ILL444 .<,BUT ALREADY1 EV5 9 UN9HABIT$ L&S.>1 ONE CANNOT MISS ! EVID5CE ( UPHEAVAL1 NOR AVOID BE+ WR5*$ BY IT4 ,! DEPRESSION IT 5G5D]S1 BECAUSE SO MU* ( IT SEEMS A HE$LESS IMPOSITION ON ! L& & ON ! PEOPLE1 A RUDE 9VASION1 CAN LEAD ONE TO DESPAIR4 .<#a#e.> 

,! PRES5T SCALE ( 9DU/RIAL 9VASION IS M]ELY A PORT5T ( ! COM+ ECOCIDE 5G5D]$1 AS ! HI< LATITUDES W>M1 BY ! PEPP]+ ( ! ,F> ,NOR? ) MORE CITIES1 ROADS1 9/ALLATIONS1 FIELDS & FACTORIES4 ,?IS PROCESS WILL ALSO BE ONE ( ATTEMPT$ G5OCIDE4 ,H]D]S SU* AS SOME ( ! ,SAMI .<#a#f.> ( ,LAPL& & 9DIG5\S ( ,SIB]IA WILL LIKELY F9D !IR HOMEL&S 9CREAS+LY FRAGM5T$ & POLLUT$ :IL/ ?OSE COMMUNITIES LIV+ ON RES\RCE RI* L& WILL FACE ]ADICATION -- EI!R BY SIMPLE DISPOSSESSION OR BY ASSIMILATION 9TO ! 9DU/RIAL CULTURE4 .<#a#g.> ,9 A FEW PLACES SU* AS ,GRE5L& :]E MU* ( ! 9DIG5\S MAJORITY MAY GA9 SOME MAT]IAL B5EFIT FROM ! D5UDATION ( !IR ?AW+ L&S ?IS PROCESS MAY BE P>TLY 9DIG5\S DRIV54 ,9 MO/1 H[EV]1 :]E ABORIG9AL COMMUNITIES >E M9ORITIES !RE WILL BE FAMILI> PATT]NS ( REPRESSION & RESI/ANCE4 

,?IS FUTURE /ORY ( A CLA% BETWE5 OLD COLD WORLDS & NEW ONES W>M$ BY '! :ITE HEAT ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL REVOLUTION' IS ALREADY PA/ & PRES5T4 ,TALES ( DISPOSSESSION & DE/RUCTION >E MANY1 YET SO IS RESI/ANCE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 DESPITE FEW RES\RCES1 SOME ( ! ,SIB]IAN TRIBES HAVE F]V5TLY OPPOS$ ! EXPANSION ( GAS & OIL 9FRA/RUCTURE ON !IR TRADITIONAL L&S4 ,9 ONE ACTION A HUNDR$ ,NIVKH1 ,EV5K & ,ULITA BLOCK$ ROADS ) !IR RE9DE] = ?REE DAYS AGA9/ NEW OIL & GAS PIPEL9ES4 .<#a#h.> ,9 ,CANADA ESPECIALLY1 ! GOV]NM5T & CORPORATIONS >E FAC$ ) 9DIG5\S W>RIOR SOCIETIES ) A /RONG L& E?IC & A GR[+ FI<T+ SPIRIT4 

,:ILE !RE HAVE BE5 -- & WILL BE -- VICTORIES 9 ! BATTLE TO /OP ! NOR!RN SPREAD ( EMPIRE & ITS 9FRA/RUCTURE1 EV5 ! MO/ RESOLUTE PEOPLES CANNOT HALT CLIMATE *ANGE ITSELF4 ,9DIG5\S PEOPLES REPORT ?AT LIVES1 & ! SURVIVABILITY ( LIFE-WAYS1 >E ALREADY BE+ AFFECT$4 ,AS ,VIOLET ,=D1 AN ,9UIT1 SAYS3 0,WE CAN'T PR$ICT ! WEA!R ANYMORE1 SO IT'S V]Y DIFFICULT TO PLAN \R HUNT+4 ,IT PUTS A LOT ( /RESS & FE> 9TO \R COMMUNITIES40 .<#a#i.> ,SIMIL> REPORTS COME FROM ! ',RUSSIAN' ,>CTIC AS WELL1 :]E *ANGES 9 ICE & SN[ MELT+ IS CAUS+ CULTURE *ANGE & 5DANG]+ ! RE9DE] H]D+ LIFE/YLE ( ! ,N5ET H]D]S ON ! ,YAMAL ,P59SUL>4 .<#a#a.> 

,ON A BRI<T DAY ON A /ORM TOSS$ CAPE ,I WALK$ ) A FRI5D SURR\ND$ BY =E/1 WAVES1 OSPREY1 & ORCAS4 ,F> FROM ANY ROAD OR VILLAGE1 ! PLACE FELT PRI/9E1 BUT AMONG ! TREES W]E ! ROTT+ REMA9S ( A S*OOL4 ,RU/+ F>M IMPLEM5TS LITT]$ ! UND]GR[? & =M] FIELDS W]E N[ ! HUNT+ GR\NDS ( C\G>4 ,REMOT5ESS FROM M>KETS1 ! ILLOGIC ( POLITICS1 & L& UNSUIT$ TO COLONIZATION BY AN IMPORT$ MODEL HAD L$ TO ! EVACUATION ( ?IS COA/4 ,IT REM9D$ ME ?AT DESPITE ! WI%ES ( ?OSE :O PLAN WORLDS1 SETTLEM5T SOMETIMES FAILS & ! WILD W9S4 ,?IS WILL CONT9UE TO BE TRUE4 .<#a#a#a.> 

,LIVES ( LIB]TY_/SLAV]Y ON ! NEW FRONTI]S 

,POSSIBILITIES WILL EM]GE AS ! COLD DES]TS RETREAT = ?OSE :O WI% TO SETTLE_/9VADE_/RESI/_/WORK4 ,:O WILL POPULATE !SE NEW L&S8 ,PHYSICAL L&SCAPES & ! SOCIAL T]RA9S ( /RUGGLE FRAME :AT WE ?9K IS POSSIBLE & ?US :AT WE DO4 ,9 ,N9ETE5? & E>LY ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*ISM 7ESPECIALLY ?AT 9FLU5C$ BY ,H5RY ,DAVID ,?OREAU7 WAS FRAM$ DIRECTLY BY ! IDEA & EXI/5CE ( FRONTI]S & ?US ! REAL ABILITY TO BUILD SOME LEVEL ( AUTONOMY & SELF-SUFFICI5CY -- ADMITT$LY ON /OL5 L&6 ,9 CR[D$ ,EUROPE AT ! SAME TIME !RE WAS LESS '\TSIDE' AVAILABLE1 & SO DESPITE /RONG CURR5TS ) AN ECOLOGICAL & ANTI-CIVILIZATION P]SPECTIVE1 MANY 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S TURN$ TO BANK ROBB+1 9SURRECTION1 ASSASS9ATION & >T4 ,WE CAN EXPECT ! OP5+ UP ( NEW L&S )9 ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON BO? ?OSE :O WI% TO DES]T CIVILIZATION AS WELL AS ?OSE :O WI% TO EXP& IT4 ,!RE WILL BE MANY POSSIBILITIES = LIVES ( LIB]TY ON ! EXP&+ FRONTI]S1 ?\< DROP-\TS & R5EGADES MAY !MSELVES LAY ! F\NDATIONS = A WID] 'G5TRIFICATION' ( ! WILD]NESS4 

,IT W\LD BE LOVELY TO ?9K ?AT A ?\S& AN>*I/ LOG HUTS WILL BLOOM BUT MORE PREVAL5T >E LIKELY TO BE WORKCAMPS & F>ML&S RESEMBL+ SOME?+ BETWE5 ,DUBAI'S MOD]N GULAGS & ! NEW ,*9ESE F>M+ & LOGG+ COLONIES ( ,SIB]IA4 ,9 ! ,U,A,E DES]T MIGRANT WORK]S LIVE 9 HORRIFIC CONDITIONS & >E BUSS$ 9 & \T ( ,DUBAI DAILY TO BUILD ! NEW SUP] CITY4 ,!Y HAVE NO RI<TS ( CITIZ5%IP1 NO RI<TS TO /AY BEYOND A FIX$ T]M CONTRACT1 ALMO/ NO SP\SES 7OR RI<T TO M>RY OR CO-HABIT71 FAMILIES R>ELY EXI/1 NO (FICIAL UNIONIZATION4 ,FRI<T5$ BY AN ',9DIAN ,DEMOGRAPHIC ,TIME-,BOMB' ,DUBAI'S RUL]S HAVE 9ITIAT$ A COMPLEX IMMIGRATION QUOTA SY/EM :]E MIGRANTS >E BR\<T 9 FROM DIV]SE C\NTRIES TO KEEP WORK]S SOCIALLY DIVID$4 ,9 ,SIB]IA #f1 ,*9ESE WORK]S CROSS ! BORD] 9 SEASONAL MIGRATION EV]Y SUMM] TO WORK ! NEW FIELDS4 .<#a#a#b.> 

,SO !RE WILL BE LIVES ( SLAV]Y AS WELL AS LIB]TY ON ! NEW FRONTI]S & ) WORS5+ PROSPECTS 9 MU* ( ! W>M+ WORLD & ! PROMISE ( H>D CURR5CY MANY WILL *OOSE !M4 ,READ]S ) AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ LEAN+S MAY NOTICE ! /RIK+ SIMIL>ITY ( SU* SITUATIONS ) ?AT ( ! LOGG+ & M9+ CAMPS ?AT W]E ! BATTLEGR\NDS ( ! ,WOBBLIES4 ,! ,I,W,W WAS ! ONLY WORK]S ORGANIZATION ?AT HAD ANY SUCCESSES 9 UNIT+ 'LUMP5' MIGRANT WORK]S ( DIV]SE NATIONALITIES 9 E>LY #b? C5TURY ,AM]ICA4 ,CULTURALLY DIVID$ & )\T REC\RSE TO LEGAL UNIONS & O!R ORGANS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 MILITANT 9=MAL SYNDICALISM C\LD >ISE 9 ! ,NEW ,NOR?1 POSSIBLY EV5 9=M$ BY ,AN>*ISM4 

,P>ALLELS BETWE5 OLD & NEW FRONTI]S >E LAID \T WELL BY CLIMATOLOGI/ ,LAWR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?4 

.<,AN.> 5VISION+ ( ! ,NEW ,NOR? TODAY MI<T BE SOME?+ LIKE ,AM]ICA 9 #a#h#c1 JU/ AFT] ! ,L\ISIANA ,PUR*ASE FROM ,FRANCE4 ,IT1 TOO1 POSSESS$ MAJOR CITIES FUEL$ BY =EIGN IMMIGRATION1 ) A VA/1 9HOSPITABLE FRONTI] DI/ANT FROM ! MAJOR URBAN CORES4 ,ITS DES]TS1 LIKE ,>CTIC TUNDRA1 W]E H>%1 DANG]\S1 & ECOLOGICALLY FRAGILE4 ,IT1 TOO1 HAD RI* RES\RCE 5D[M5TS ( METALS & HYDROC>BONS4 ,IT1 TOO1 WAS NOT REALLY AN EMPTY FRONTI] BUT ALREADY OCCUPI$ BY ABORIG9AL PEOPLES :O HAD BE5 LIV+ !RE = MILL5NIA4 .<#a#a#c.> 

,:ILE ! EXT5T ( CIVILIZATIONAL EXPANSION 9 ! ',NEW ,NOR?' IS1 LIKE SO MU* 9 CLIMATE *ANGE RELAT$ FUTUROLOGY1 PRES5TLY UNKN[ABLE2 ! TR5D ITSELF SEEMS A GIV54 ,9 SOME PLACES IT CAN BE RESI/$1 & SUCCESSFULLY4 ,9 O!RS ! HUBRIS ( SETTLEM5T WILL SIMPLY FAIL4 ,9 MANY PLACES ITS V]Y EXPANSION BR+S POSSIBILITIES = ?OSE :O W\LD LIVE 9 NEW OP5+S OR 9 OLD1 BUT W>M]1 WORLDS ( ! GYRFALCON4 

#g4 ,CONV]G5CE & ! ,NEW ,URBAN ,MAJORITIES 

,LIFE EXPECTANCY & EXPECTATIONS ( 'MOD]N LIFE' 

,9 #bh HUMANITY PASS$ A SIGNIFICANT MILE/ONE -- MORE ( \R SPECIES N[ LIVE 9 CITIES ?AN \TSIDE ( !M4 ,I WON'T EV5 ATTEMPT TO GUESS :]E EXACTLY -- O!R ?AN ECOLOGICAL D5UDATION .<#a#a#d.> -- ! GR[? ( CITIES IS LEAD+4 ,IT C\LD BE ! GLIMM]+ GLASS DOMES ( SCI-FI FANTASY1 ! PUTRID WAT]S ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,MAKOKO .<#a#a#e.> OR ! JUNGLE-IMM]S$ AB&ON$ AV5UES ( ,MAYAN CITIES4 ,9 ALL LIKELIHOOD IT LEADS 9 ! DIRECTION ( ALL ?REE1 & O!RS4 ,ONE SUSPECTS NO ONE KN[S :AT ! PRES5T SITUATION IS1 NEV] M9D :]E IT IS HEAD$4 ,AS ,MIKE ,DAVIS PUTS IT2 

,V]Y L>GE CITIES -- ?OSE ) A GLOBAL1 NOT JU/ REGIONAL1 5VIRONM5TAL FOOTPR9T -- >E ?US ! MO/ DRAMATIC 5D-PRODUCT1 9 MORE ?AN ONE S5SE1 ( HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION 9 ! ,HOLOC5E4 ,PRESUMABLY !Y %\LD BE ! SUBJECT ( ! MO/ URG5T & 5COMPASS+ SCI5TIFIC 9QUIRY4 ,!Y >E NOT4 ,WE KN[ MORE AB\T RA9=E/ ECOLOGY ?AN URBAN ECOLOGY4 .<#a#a#f.> 

,! RATE ( *ANGE IS /AGG]+4 ,= ILLU/RATION TAKE MEGA-CITIES1 ?OSE ) MORE ?AN #a MILLION CITIZ5S4 ,:ILE !RE W]E NONE 9 #a#i1 BY ! MID #a#i#gS !RE W]E ?REE MEGA-CITIES1 & BETWE5 !N & #bg ! NUMB] GREW TO N9ETE51 ) ! TOTAL EXPECT$ TO RISE TO TW5TY SEV5 BY #b#b#e4 ,?AT'S #c-#b#g 9 >\ND #e YE>S4 ,OV]ALL1 S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#iS1 CITIES 9 ! 7RAPIDLY7 'DEVELOP+ WORLD' HAVE EXP&$ BY ?REE MILLION PEOPLE A WEEK4 .<#a#a#g.> ,?AT'S R\<LY EQUIVAL5T TO A NEW CITY ! SIZE ( ,BRI/OL1 ,BRATISLAVA OR ,OAKL& EV]Y S+LE DAY4 .<#a#a#h.> ,= N[1 ! URBAN MAJORITIES LOOK SET TO CONT9UE EXP&+ AS PEOPLE >E SUBJECT TO =CES ?AT PU% & PULL !M AWAY FROM AGRICULTURE & T[>DS ! FRE$OMS & SLAV]IES ( ! METROPOLES4 

,:ILE ! DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! GLOBES' F9ANCIALLY RI*E/ & POORE/ CONT9UES TO WID51 ,U,N /ATI/ICS NEV]!LESS %[ 9CR$IBLE *ANGES = MU* ( ! WORLD'S POPULATIONS2 LIFE/YLE %IFTS ?AT (T5 >E NOT REFLECT$ 9 ANY COMP>ABLE P>ADIGM %IFT AMONG ACTIVI/S 9 ! 'DEVELOP$' WORLD4 ,AS ,HANS ,ROELE+ HAS PO9T$ \T1 ! PLANET IS (T5 SE5 AS DIVID$ BETWE53 

444 WE & '!M' & 'WE' IS ! ,WE/]N ,WORLD & '!M' IS ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 ',& :AT DO Y\ MEAN ) ,WE/]N ,WORLD8' ,I SAID4 ',WELL1 ?AT'S LONG LIFE & SMALL FAMILY1 & ,?IRD ,WORLD IS %ORT LIFE & L>GE FAMILY4' .<#a#a#i.> 

,SU* A SIMPLI/IC PICTURE ALWAYS OBSCUR$ CLASS1 CULTURAL & REGIONAL DIFF]5CES BUT !RE WAS SOME TRU? TO IT4 ,NOT ANYMORE4 ,! *ANGES 9 LIFE EXPECTANCY & FAMILY SIZE WORLD-WIDE1 >E JU/ ! MO/ OBVI\S *ANGES4 ,ALONGSIDE !M >E HUGE TRANS=MATIONS 9 G5]AL HEAL? 7BO? GOOD & BAD71 .<#a#b.> *ILD PROGRAMM+ & ! 9CREAS+ DEGREE ( ! COMMODIFICATION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,YET EV5 ON A PLANET :]E ROAD TRAFFIC ACCID5TS N[ KILL SIMIL> NUMB]S ( PEOPLE AS MAL>IA1 ! OLD PICTURE /ILL P]SI/S4 .<#a#b#a.> 

,9 ! GR[+ CITIES ESPECIALLY1 TANGIBLE SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS 7SU* AS ! 9CREASE 9 LIFE EXPECTANCY7 CAN COMB9E ) M$IA PROPELL$ MY?S ( ! 7NON7,AM]ICAN DREAM TO PRODUCE UNREALI/IC EXPECTATIONS ( 'MOD]N LIFE'4 ,SU* EXPECTATIONS 5C\RAGE ATTEMPTS AT ASSIMILATION & SUBMISSION TO P[]1 EV5 AS 9EVITABLE CLA%ES ( CLASS 9T]E/S & ! 9ABILITY ( '! SY/EM' TO COME UP ) ! PROMIS$ GOODS GIVE RISE TO FURIES4 ,ON ! POSITIVE SIDE1 MANY PEOPLE WILL AT LEA/ HAVE LONG] LIVES TO EXP]I5CE ! POSSIBILITY ( LOVE AS WELL AS 9EVITABLE SOCIAL DISLOCATION & WID5+ CLASS 9EQUALITY4 

,DIV]G5T WORLDS 

,?OSE ?AT SEE !SE TRANS=MATIONS AS MAGICALLY LEAD+ ! SPECIES T[>DS A CONV]G5CE BAS$ ON :]E !SE TR5DS L$ ! ,WE/ .<#a#b#b.> W\LD BE DELUD$1 EV5 )\T ! REAL LIMITS N[ SET BY CLIMATE *ANGE1 RES\RCE SC>CITY ETC4 ,= A />T1 SOME E/IMATE ?AT EV5 IF ONE TAKES !SE TR5DS AS A GIV5 !RE WILL /ILL REMA9 A RURAL POPULATION APPROA*+ ?REE BILLION AT MID C5TURY4 .<#a#b#c.> ,MANY ( !SE F>M]S AS WELL AS MANY ( ?OSE 9 ! CITIES WILL LIKELY BE LIV+ 9 /AGNANT ECONOMIES SIMIL> TO ! C\NTRIES ( ! 'BOTTOM BILLION' TODAY4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 MANY ( !SE LEA/ CONV]G+ POPULATIONS >E LIKELY TO BE 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES COMMONLY DESCRIB$ AS FAIL$ /ATES4 ,!SE C\NTRIES >E UNLIKELY TO 'GR['1 NOT LEA/ ?ANKS TO ! ADDITIONAL B>RI]S PROVID$ BY ! RISE 7OR MORE ACCURATELY RETURN7 ( ! GLOBAL P[]H\SES ( ,*9A & ,9DIA4 .<#a#b#d.> ,AS NOT$ E>LI] .<#a#b#e.> ! PRES5CE ( !SE 0L>GE ISL&S ( *AOS0 .<#a#b#f.> 7,PAUL ,COLLI]1 EX-,WORLD ,BANK7 BR+S POSITIVE AS WELL AS NEGATIVE POSSIBILITIES -- AT LEA/ FROM MY AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE4 ,IT SEEMS LIKELY1 !N1 ?AT RA!R ?AN A GLOBAL CONV]G5CE WE WILL SEE ! CONT9U$ EM]G5CE ( RADICALLY DIV]G5T WORLDS -- BO? BETWE5 NATIONS & )9 !M4 

,ADDITIONALLY1 SUDD5 TR5D REV]SALS1 9 HEAL? = EXAMPLE1 CAN SURPRISE4 ,JU/ LOOK AT ! UNPR$ICAT$ ,A,I,D,S EPIDEMIC 9 ,AFRICA OR ! DRAMATICALLY 9CREAS$ ,RUSSIAN MALE DEA? RATES 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,)9 M$IC9E & AMONG ELITE PLANN]S !RE IS A WIDESPREAD1 & NOT GR\NDLESS1 FE> ?AT TODAY'S MEGA-CITIES & FOOD PRODUCTION SY/EMS >E BECOM+ P]FECT 9CUBATORS = P&EMICS ( POSSIBLY UNP>ALLEL$ F]OCITY4 

,A USABLE 7?\< SIMPLI/IC & !RE=E FALSE7 SUMMATION MI<T BE ?AT MANY PEOPLE 9 ! LONG-9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES T5D TO /ILL HOLD TO A VISION ( A S+LE ,?IRD ,WORLD ?AT IS F> LESS 9DU/RIALIZ$ ?AN MU* ( IT IS1 :IL/ MANY 9 ! EM]G+ ECONOMIES ( ! GLOBAL S\? VIEW !IR FUTURES AS F> MORE ROSY & PRE-DET]M9$ ?AN !Y PROBABLY >E2 & F9ALLY1 ?OSE POPULATIONS ?AT 7FROM A /&>D ECONOMIC P]SPECTIVE7 LIE AT ! BOTTOM1 WILL 9 ! M$IUM FUTURE LOOK MU* LIKE !Y DO N[1 BUT WILL PROBABLY BE LIV+ 9 LESS HOSPITABLE 5VIRONM5TS4 ,! BE/ ONE CAN SAY IS ?AT UNEV5 CONV]G5CE TR5DS 9 MANY ( ! DEVELOP+ WORLDS WILL 7= N[7 CONT9UE 7BUT NOT UNIV]SALLY72 ?AT !RE >E NO DE/9ATIONS GIV5 & ! RIDES MAY BE BUMPY 9DE$1 NOT LEA/ DUE TO 9T]-P[] RIVALRY4 ,! TR5DS ,I HAVE M5TION$ >E SIMULTANE\SLY BR++ MU* -- BUT BY NO MEANS ALL -- ( HUMANITY TOGE!R :IL/ BRE$+ LIMITLESS DIVISION4 ,9 ! EV] JOLLY-WORDS ( ! ,U,S ,NATIONAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY1 AS WELL AS CREAT+ CONV]G5CE1 0444TODAY'S TR5DS APPE> TO BE HEAD+ T[>DS A POT5TIALLY MORE FRAGM5T$ & CONFLICT$ WORLD40 .<#a#b#g.> 

,SURVIVAL 9 ! SLUMS 

,:ILE DIFF]5T PLACES >E1 BY NATURE1 DIFF]5T1 ONE NE> CON/ANT ACROSS ! BURGEON+ METROPOLI >E ! SLUMS4 ,AT LEA/ ONE BILLION PEOPLE ALREADY LIVE 9 !M1 A FIGURE EXPECT$ TO RISE TO TWO BILLION )9 TWO DECADES & ?REE BILLION PEOPLE BY MID-C5TURY4 ,?IS MEANS ONE 9 ?REE PEOPLE .<#a#b#h.> ON E>? C\LD BE LIV+ 9 NON-=MALIZ$ URBAN T]RA9S1 9 %ACKS1 T5TS1 CORRUGAT$ IRON1 T5EM5T & RUBBI%4 ,ALREADY 9 MANY C\NTRIES SLUM DWELL]S MAKE UP ! MAJORITY ( URBANITES4 #i#i4#d.0 9 ,E?IOPIA & ,*AD1 #i#h4#e.0 9 ,AF<ANI/AN & #i#b.0 9 ,NEPAL4 ,BOMBAY IS ! GLOBAL SLUM CAPITAL ) #a-#a#b MILLION SQUATT]S & T5EM5T DWELL]S FOLL[$ BY ,MEXICO ,CITY & ,DHAKA ) #i-#a MILLION EA*1 !N ,LAGOS1 ,CAIRO1 ,K9%ASA-,BRAZZAVILLE1 ,SAO ,PAULO1 ,%AN<AI & ,DELHI ALL ) #f-#h MILLION4 .<#a#b#i.> 

,! FIR/ NI<T ,I SLEPT 9 A ,?IRD ,WORLD SQUATT] NEI<BORHOOD ,I FELT SURPRIS+LY AT HOME1 AS ,I AM SURE ANYONE :O HAS LIV$ 9 SQUATS 7ESPECIALLY OCCUPATIONS7 9 ! GLOBAL NOR? W\LD DO4 ,! BODG$ ELECTRICS1 ! AIR ( CAM]AD]IE1 ! DIRT1 ! DOGS EV]Y:]E4 ,IF ! BRI<T YELL[ ,M >*ES SIGNPO/ ! PRES5CE ( CORPORATE GLOBALIZATION !N %ELT]S CON/RUCT$ FROM FAD+ BLUE PLA/IC T>PS & PALLETS ALSO ACT AS GLOBAL SIGNPO/S -- ?IS TIME ?AT Y\ >E 5T]+ SQUATT] WORLDS4 ,WAK+ UP ) *ICK5S 9 Y\R FACE GIVES ! GAME AWAY SOME:AT ?AT Y\ HAVE PROBABLY WOK5 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 BUT HAV+ SAID ?AT1 IT'S ALSO HAPP5$ TO ME ON-SITE 9 ,S\? ,LONDON444 ,! FAMILY ,I WAS /AY+ ) W]E LOVELY & !RE WAS SO MU* 5]GY & CREATIVITY & RESILI5CE CRAMM$ 9TO ! %ACK ALLEYS ALL >\ND1 ,I TRULY FELT LIKE ,I WAS 9 A ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE4 

,A LOT ( :AT ,I EXP]I5C$ 9 ?AT COMMUNITY MADE ME /RANGELY PR\D TO BE HUMAN BUT ?OSE ( US :O SEE SOLUTIONS AS >IS+ FROM AUTONOMY1 9=MALITY1 SELF HELP & CLASS /RUGGLE CAN FALL 9TO ! TRAP ( SEE+ :AT WE WANT TO SEE 9 ! SLUMS4 ,DON'T GET ME WRONG -- ALL ?OSE 5G9ES >E PRES5T1 BUT SO TOO TO DIFF]+ DEGREES >E ALL ! PR$ICTABLE 9TRA-CLASS DIVISIONS AS WELL AS DEEP5+ CLASS OPPRESSIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 JU/ BECAUSE IT'S A SLUM -- EV5 A SQUATT] SETTLEM5T -- DOESN'T MEAN IT DOESN'T HAVE L&LORDS4 ,?IS (T5 />TS AT ! L[E/ LEVEL ) SUBDIVISIONS1 RO(S & ROOMS R5T$ \T BY E/ABLI%$ 9HABITANTS TO NEW] >RIVALS4 ,AS ,MIKE ,DAVIS PO9TS \T 79 HIS *>ACT]I/ICALLY AMAZ+ & FRANKLY H>R[+ BOOK ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS71 0,IT IS ! PR9CIPLE WAY 9 :I* URBAN POOR PEOPLE CAN MONETIZE !IR EQUITY 7=MAL OR 9=MAL71 BUT (T5 9 AN EXPLOITATIVE RELATION%IP TO EV5 POOR] PEOPLE40 .<#a#c.> ,O!RS1 FROM GANG/]S TO BIG DEVELOP]S1 POLITICIANS1 JUNTAS & ! MIDDLE CLASS ALSO GET 9 ON ! ACT4 ,9 ! SLUMS ( ,NAIROBI = EXAMPLE1 MANY ( ?OSE :O FALL BEH9D ON R5T1 EV5 = A DAY1 FACE ! T]ROR ( ! L&LORD & HIS H5*M5 TURN+ UP TO CONFISCATE !IR MEAG] POSSESSIONS1 EVICT !M & WORSE4 ,SU* L&LORDS >E REF]R$ TO BY ,K5YANS SIMPLY AS ',WAB5ZI' -- ?OSE ) 5\< MONEY TO BUY A ,M]C$ES-,B5Z4 .<#a#c#a.> 

,IF WE HAVE SAID :]E MU* ( ! BURGEON+ URBAN MAJORITIES LIVE1 :AT AB\T :AT !Y DO1 :]E !Y WORK1 & :]E !Y >E GO+8 ,! ANSW]S >E1 OBVI\SLY1 HUGELY DIV]SE & ,I WON'T PRET5D TO BE ABLE TO TELL Y\4 ,:AT ,I WILL SAY1 IS ?AT MANY SLUM 9HABITANTS C\LD BE SE5 & SEE !MSELVES AS 9 TRANSITION4 ,TRANSITION FROM C\NTRY TO URBAN4 ,FROM REFUGEE TO WORK]4 ,FROM DISPOSSESS$ TO PROP]TI$4 ,FROM SLUM DWELL] TO SOME:]E ELSE4 

,?IS N>RATIVE IS AS OLD AS CAPITALISM4 ,PEASANTS_/AGRICULTURAL WORK]S >E DISPOSSESS$ & 5D UP 9 CITY SLUMS4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 HORRORS UPON HORRORS FOLL[$1 EV5TUALLY MANUFACTUR+ ! 9DU/RIAL WORK] .<#a#c#b.> BUT NOT BE=E ! NE> C5TURY ( REVOLUTIONS BORN 9 ,FRANCE 9 #ahdh & DY+ 9 ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#h4 ,!SE 9SURRECTIONS W]E L>GELY F\<T BY TRANSITIONAL CLASSES SOME:AT SIMIL> TO ?OSE TODAY1 :O 9 ! PROCESS ( BE+ PROLET>IANIZ$ LIV$ 91 0NEI!R 9DU/RIAL NOR VILLAGE SOCIETY BUT 9 ! T5SE1 ALMO/ ELECTRIFY+ =CE FIELD ( BO?40 .<#a#c#c.> ,:ILE ?IS GR& TALE ( CLASS EVOLUTION 9 E>LY CAPITALISM IS TRUE7I%71 ! /ORIES PLAY+ \T TODAY >E UNSCRIPT$ & !Y %\LD NOT BE PRESUM$ TO %>E ! SAME '5D+'4 

,:ILE MANY 9 ! SLUMS EI!R ALREADY WORK 9 ! WORLD ( WAGE SLAV]Y OR WILL 5D UP DO+ SO1 MANY1 MANY O!RS SURVIVE 9 ! SO-CALL$ '9=MAL' ECONOMY1 A SECTOR ?AT 9 SOME CITIES IS F> L>G] 79 T]MS ( HUMAN CAPTIVES7 ?AN ! =MAL ECONOMY4 ,H]E WE HAVE A POT5TIALLY EXPLOSIVE EM]G5CE ( CLASSES1 VA/ 9 NUMB]1 :O >E NOT GO+ ANY:]E & SEEM TO BE SURPLUS TO CAPITALISM'S REQUIREM5TS4 0,A PROLET>IAT )\T FACTORIES2 WORK%OPS1 & WORK1 & )\T BOSSES1 9 ! MUDDLE ( ! ODD JOBS1 DR[N+ 9 SURVIVAL & LEAD+ AN EXI/5CE LIKE A PA? ?R\< EMB]S40 .<#a#c#d.> 

,?ANKS TO LACK ( SANITATION1 WAT] SUPPLY & DRA9AGE2 WAT] %ORTAGES & ! SPREAD ( DISEASE >E SOME ( ! GREATE/ PROBLEMS PRES5TLY FAC+ MANY SLUM DWELL]S4 ,EV5 )\T MASSIVE CLIMATE *ANGE KICK+ 91 ! NUMB] ( MAJOR DISA/]S 9 URBAN >EAS HAS BE5 9CREAS+ RAPIDLY & MO/ ( ?IS GR[? IS FROM /ORMS & FLOODS4 .<#a#c#e.> ,)\T /ORM DRA9S1 ! FUTURE WA%+ AWAY ( MANY SQUATT] SETTLEM5TS SEEMS 9EVITABLE1 SIT$ AS !Y (T5 >E 9 >EAS MO/ AT RISK FROM FLOOD+4 ,! RECUP]ATIVE P[] ( SU* COMMUNITIES IS 9CR$IBLE1 BUT WE CAN PRESUME ! GREAT FLOODS TO COME >E LIKELY TO EXAC]BATE SOCIAL CRISIS & 9/ABILITY4 

,OLD GODS & NEW HEAV5S 

,BY F> ! LEA/ PLEASANT EXP]I5CE ,I HAD 9 ! SQUATT] NEI<BORHOOD ,I M5TION$ E>LI] WAS ATT5D+ A ,SUNDAY *UR* S]VICE4 ,I HAD MANAG$ TO DODGE O!RS1 BUT ?IS TIME !RE WAS NO ESCAPE4 ,! *UR* ITSELF WAS ! BIGGE/ BUILD+ 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD & IT TOO WAS L>GELY BUILT FROM SALVAGE4 ,I F\ND IT TRULY UPSETT+ TO SEE SO MANY ( ! PEOPLE ,I HAD SP5T TIME ) V5T+ RELIGI\S IRRATIONALITY1 5ACT+ 9ANE RITUALS & SUBMITT+ TO ! AU?ORITY ( PREA*]S1 GOD & SCRIPTURE4 ,! *UR* HAD RECEIV$ SOME HYMN TAPES FROM A ,P5TECO/AL D5OM9ATION 9 ! ,U,S,A & ?US ,I SAT LI/5+ TO HUNDR$S ( SQUATT]S :O1 ?\< ,5GLI% WAS NOT !IR FIR/ LANGUAGE1 SANG \T ,AM]ICAN HYMNS 9 PSU$O-,AM]ICAN ACC5TS4 ,9 FACT1 9 ! C\NTRY ,I WAS 91 NOT A S+LE BOOK%OP 9 ! CAPITAL1 7ALL ( :I* W]E [N$ BY *UR*ES71 SOLD ANY?+ M5TION+ EVOLUTION1 NEV]M9D AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,IT'S EASY = ?OSE ( US FROM SOCIETIES ) HI< P]C5TAGES ( A!ISM TO UND]E/IMATE ! LEVEL ( RELIGIOSITY ?AT IS MIX$ 9 ) 9DU/RIALISM 9 ! GLOBAL S\?1 :]E1 AMONG ! POOR AT LEA/1 !Y >E (T5 JO9TLY RE9=C+4 

,MU* ( RADICAL POLITICS IS RELIGION BY O!R MEANS1 BUT 9 ! SLUMS1 & AMONG ! DISPOSSESS$ G5]ALLY1 ! OLD GODS >E GR[+ 9 /ATURE4 ,:ILE SECTS MAY DIFF] 9 !IR DEGREE ( QUIETISM OR MILITANCY1 !Y %>E AN UNREALITY ?AT IS UNLIKELY TO AID ! MAP-READ+ ABILITY ( ! D[NTRODD5 9 TRULY CONFUS+ TIMES4 ,! WID] CASE AGA9/ RELIGION HAS BE5 >GU$ WELL ELSE:]E .<#a#c#f.> SO ,I WON'T BO!R1 BUT IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT :ILE WE/]N AN>*I/S' MO/ ORGANIZ$ 9TRA-CLASS 'COMPETITORS' >E POLITICAL GR\P+S1 9 MANY ?IRD WORLDS1 AN>*I/S >E FAC$ BY ! /R5G!N+ RANKS ( !OCRACY4 ,?AT'S ( C\RSE 9 ?OSE PLACES :]E AN>*I/S DO EXI/1 :I* -- ?\< GR[+ -- >E /ILL NOT MANY4 ,9 CONTRA/1 RELIGI\S AU?ORIT>IANS SEEM TO BE GA9+ CONV]TS EV]Y:]E1 &1 G5]ALLY1 ! MORE SOCIAL DISLOCATION1 ! BETT] ! RECRUITM5T4 .<#a#c#g.> ,9 *APT] #d 7,AFRICAN ,ROADS TO ,AN>*Y7 WE LOOK$ AT ! EXPANSION ( NON-/ATE SOCIAL PROVISION AS GOV]NM5TS RETRACT FROM PREVI\S COMMITM5TS -- 9 P>T DUE TO /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T & ! LIKE4 ,AMONG ! OBVI\S PA9 ?IS CREATES1 ,I PO9T$ TO ! POSSIBILITIES ?IS OP5S UP = LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL =CES4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 9 SLUMS FROM ,K9%ASA TO ,GAZA1 IT IS RELIGI\S AU?ORIT>IANS ?AT >E MO/ (T5 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ?IS POT5TIAL TO BUILD DUAL 7OR MULTI7P[] ?R\< ! PROVISION ( HEA? & G5]AL C>E1 & ?IS IS (T5 DONE ALONGSIDE ! BUILDUP ( >M$ CAPACITY4 ,! T]RIBLE 9H]ITANCE ( LEFTI/ FAILURES & SUCCESS HAS ONLY LEFT ! FIELD OP5 = ! GR[? ( MILL5>IAN !OCRATIC AU?ORITIES AMONG ! SLUMS & 0L>GE ISL&S ( *AOS40 

,IF MU* ( ! POOR >E LIV+ 9 HELLI% CONDITIONS1 & PUTT+ !IR TRU/ 9 ! MILL5NIUM OR ! AFT]LIFE1 ! ELITES & MIDDLE CLASSES >E 9CREAS+LY LIV+ 9 GU>D$ HEAV5S MODEL$ ON ! GAT$ SUBURBS ( ! ,U,S,A4 ,H]E1 ,MIKE ,DAVIS >GUES1 !Y >E CON/RUCT+ 7OR MORE ACCURATELY HAV+ CON/RUCT$ = !M7 ,BLADE ,RUNN] /YLE ',(F-WORLDS' AWAY FROM ! DISORD]$ & DANG]\S WORLDS ( ! DISPOSSESS$4 ,:IL/ SOME SU* '(F-WORLDS' >E SO '(F' ! POOR >E F>1 F> AWAY1 MO/ >E POT5TIALLY )9 REA*4 ,LIKE ,AP>!ID ,S\? ,AFRICA 7OR ,S\? ,AFRICA TODAY = ?AT PO9T7 !SE HEAV5S /ILL NE$ WORK]S -- CLEAN]S1 G>D5]S1 VAN DRIV]S & SECURITY GU>DS -- MANY ( :I* LIVE 9 ! SURR\ND+ HELLS4 ,AS ! POISON$ OLIG>*S ( ,HAITI .<#a#c#h.> C\LD TELL Y\1 ?IS1 DESPITE ! ,C,C,T,V1 IS NOT AS SAFE AS IT LOOKS4 

,) SU* DIVID$ WORLDS -- & SU* DIVID$ CITIES -- UPRIS+S & G5]ALIZ$ CONFLICTS >E ALWAYS ON ! C>DS4 ,MILIT>Y /RATEGI/S HAVE = DECADES BE5 PR$ICT+ UPRIS+S & GU]RILLA W> 9 ! SWELL+ CITIES1 & TO A C]TA9 EXT5T WE >E ALREADY SEE+ !M A LA ! BATTLES 9 ,REVOLUTION_/,SADR ,CITY & ! LIKE4 ,! COMB9ATION ( UNP>ALLEL$ 9COME DISP>ITY1 DEPRIVATION1 CR[D+ & ! SPREAD ( CRIM9AL GANGS & MILL5>IAN GR\PS IS A HEADY MIX4 ,AS A ,U,S ,>MY ?9K TANK REPORT PUTS IT3 

,DI/9CTIVE FEATURES ( ! L>GE/ OR SO CALL$ 'WORLD CITIES'444 9CLUDE M>K$ ECONOMIC & SOCIAL POL>IZATION & 9T5SE SPATIAL SEGREGATION4 ,WE ALSO F9D :AT IS PROBABLY AN EFFECT ( !SE CONDITIONS2 ! L>GE >RAY ( ANTI-/ATE ACTORS4 ,AN>*I/S1 CRIM9ALS1 ! DISPOSSESS$1 =EIGN M$DL]S1 CYNICAL OPPORTUNI/S1 LUNATICS1 REVOLUTION>IES1 LABOR LEAD]S1 E?NIC NATIONALS444 & O!RS CAN ALL =M ALLIANCES ( CONV5I5CE4 ,!Y CAN ALSO COMMIT ACTS ( VIOL5CE & H&LE IDEAS ?AT PROVOKE O!RS444 ,ANALYZES ?AT FOCUS ON A S+LE /R& ( ! FABRIC ( VIOL5CE -- ?AT ISOLATE ON E?NIC RIVALRY1 MAFIAS1 OR REVOLUTION>Y CADRE -- CAN UND]E/IMATE ! DISRUPTIVE P[] ?AT ?OSE PH5OM5A GA9 :5 !Y CO9CIDE4 ,TR\BLES WILL NOT COME AS S+LE SOLDI]S2 !Y WILL COME 9 BATTALIONS4 .<#a#c#i.> 

,SO ! MILIT>IES 7& MILIT>IZ$ POLICE =CES7 >E BO? FI<T+ & PREP>+ = CONFLICT 9 ! NEW1 UNMAPP$1 URBAN JUNGLES4 ,( C\RSE1 IF CITIES W]E SIMPLY A NEGATIVE = GOV]NM5TS !Y W\LDN'T HAVE SP5T ?\S&S ( YE>S ORD]+ !IR CON/RUCTION4 ,!RE >E REASONS :Y /ATES (T5 LIKE TO CONC5TRATE !IR SUBJECTS4 ,! 0MO/ FAM\S ATTEMPT ( MOD]N MILIT>IZ$ URBANIZATION WAS ?AT C>RI$ \T BY ! ,U,S >MY 9 ,VIETNAM4 ,!IR DEFEAT %\LD NOT MASK ! LOGIC ( !IR ATTEMPT TO 'DRA9 ! SEA' & ?US LEAVE ! ,VIETCONG EXPOS$4 ,WID] EXAMPLES ( H[ ! SLUMS DET] 9SURG5CY AB\ND4 ,AS ,*>LES ,ONYANGO-,OBBO SAYS3 

,9 ,K5YA'S CASE1 SLUMS -- ALL !IR RISKS NOT)/&+ -- >E ACTUALLY A /ABILIZ+ =CE4 ,! PRESSURES CREAT$ BY ! GREAT L& DISPOSSESSION 9 ,K5YA BY ! COLONIALI/S1 :I* CONT9U$ AFT] 9DEP5D5CE1 W]E P>TLY SOAK$ UP BY ,NAIROBI'S SLUMS444 ,)\T !M1 P]HAPS !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 A SECOND ,MAU ,MAU UPRIS+4 .<#a#d.> 

,VAGABOND PLANTS 9 URBAN ECOSY/EMS 

,DESPITE BE+ TOOLS ( DOME/ICATION !RE >E F]AL POSSIBILITIES 9 ! CITIES AS ALMO/ EV]Y:]E4 ,!IR PLACE AS ! EXCLUSIVE T]RA9 ( P[] IS A G5]ALIZ$ DELUSION1 EV5 IF IT IS BACK$ UP BY VIOL5T FACTS4 ,NO:]E IS FULLY CIVILIZ$4 ,= A />T1 AS ! ,U,S ,>MY !ORI/ QUOT$ ABOVE SAYS10444 ! URBAN 5VIRONM5T (F]S 9DIVIDUAL ANONYMITY1 A FACTOR ?AT CAN BE ( GREAT USE TO ! AN>*I/40 .<#a#d#a.> ,! LA/ TWO DECADES HAVE SE5 AN EM]G5CE ( A '?IRD WAVE' ( AN>*I/S 9 MANY ( ! ,WORLD ,T[NS3 ,MANILA1 ,JAK>TA1 ,MEXICO ,CITY1 ,LAGOS1 ,SE\L1 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,I/ANBUL1 ,DELHI & MANY O!RS1 ) A TRULY REM>KABLE GR[? 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA ESPECIALLY4 ,H]E WE SEEM TO HAVE ! BEG9N+ ( A RETURN TO ! FL[]+ ( DIV]SE TRANSNATIONAL ,AN>*ISMS ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ US A C5TURY AGO4 .<#a#d#b.> ,?AT ?IS IS HAPP5+ AS P>T ( GLOBALIZATION1 & ! GR[? ( CITIES IS NOT SURPRIS+ GIV5 ?AT ! SE$S ( SOCIAL MOVEM5T ,AN>*ISM >E L>GELY C>RI$ >\ND ! PLANET ON ! COAT TAILS ( CAPITALISM & (T5 GR[ BE/1 LIKE WE$S1 ON DI/URB$ GR\ND4 ,AS ,RI*>D ,MABEY HAS PUT IT1 CIVILIZATION DIVIDES LIFE 9TO3 

444 TWO CONCEPTUALLY DIFF]5T CAMPS3 ?OSE ORGANISMS CONTA9$1 MANAG$ & BR$ = ! B5EFIT ( HUMANS1 & ?OSE :I* >E 'WILD'1 CONT9U+ TO LIVE 9 !IR [N T]RITORIES ON1 MORE OR LESS4 !IR [N T]MS4 ,WE$S OCCUR :5 ?IS TIDY COMP>TM5TALIZATION BREAKS D[N4 ,! WILD GATECRA%ES \R CIVILIZ$ DOMA9S & ! DOME/ICAT$ ESCAPES & RUNS RIOT4 .<#a#d#c.> 

,E>LI] WE LOOK$ AT SOME CONT9U+1 IF BESIEG$1 AN>*IES :I* CONT9UE TO LIVE 09 !IR [N T]RITORIES ON1 MORE OR LESS !IR [N T]MS40 ,EV5 ?\< FROM BIR? MO/ ( US 9 ! CITIES HAVE BE5 0CONTA9$1 MANAG$ & BR$0 = O!RS' B5EFIT1 POSSIBILITIES = ESCAPE >E (T5 PRES5T4 ,!RE >E CRACKS 9 ! PAVEM5T & \R GR[? CAN LEV] !M WID]4 ,9 MO/ PLACES1 BY DO+ SO WE >E UNLIKELY TO DE/ROY ! CONCRETE UTT]LY BUT WE CAN OP5 UP MORE SPACES 9 :I* TO GR[ TOGE!R4 

,9 SOME S5SES VAGABOND PLANTS >E1 'ON ! O!R SIDE'2 !Y >E LIV+ 9 OPPOSITION TO ! CITY1 YET !Y >E SIMULTANE\SLY P>T ( ! OV]>*+ URBAN ECOSY/EM4 ,TO SEE !M 9 ISOLATION )\T IMPLICITLY SEE+ !IR L9KS & 9T]ACTIONS )9 ! WID] COMMUNITY W\LD BE FOOLI%4 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ?OSE ( US ) F]AL AMBITIONS -- AS URBAN AN>*I/S WE >E BO? CONSCI\SLY 'O!R' :IL/ 9TRICATELY )9 ! WID] ECOSY/EMS -- BO? HUMAN & BEYOND4 ,AN>*I/S ALL OV] ! URBAN WORLDS >E GR[+ !IR [N C\NT] CULTURES :IL/ ACTIVELY FI<T+ 9 WID] SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLES1 )9 & ALONGSIDE /RIK+ WORK]S1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 WOM5'S ORGANIZATIONS1 MIGRANTS1 SLUM COMMUNITIES & C\NTLESS O!RS4 ,H[EV]1 ONE ONLY NE$S TO LOOK AT ! REC5T REPRESSION FAC$ BY AN>*I/S 9 ,*ILI & ELSE:]E TO REMEMB] ?AT BE+ 'GRASS BETWE5 ! CRACKS' IS DANG]\S -- ! WE$ KILL] IS ALWAYS ON ! WAY4 ,PRACTICAL 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY IS SOMETIMES HELPFUL1 BUT IT WILL BE ! VIGOR ( ! PLANTS !MSELVES & H[ SUITABLE !IR 5VIRONM5T IS ?AT WILL PRIM>ILY DET]M9E :E!R !Y TAKE HOLD4 ,IF1 AS MANY !ORI/S ( ELITE P[] FE>1 ! FA/ EXP&+1 L>GELY UNPLANN$ CITIES ( ! GLOBAL S\? >E F]TILE GR\ND = ! GR[? ( AN>*Y1 ! AGE ( ! MEGA-CITIES WILL BE 9T]E/+ 9DE$4 ,:AT REBELLIONS AWAIT8 ,:AT IDEOLOGIES WILL BE CONCOCT$8 ,H[ WILL HUMANITIES FEEL & SEE !MSELVES FOLL[+ ?IS MASSIVE DISCONNECTION FROM ! L&8 ,WILL ALL !SE CITIES REMA9 AT ! 5D ( ! C5TURY OR >E !Y A TRANSITORY BLOOM8 

0,LONG LIVE ! WE$S & ! WILD]NESS YET40 .<#a#d#d.> ,WE HAVE BRIEFLY LOOK$ AT ! EXP&+ URBAN MONO-CULTURES1 BUT :AT ( !IR OPPOSITE1 ! BESIEG$ BIO-DIV]SE WILD]NESSES8 ,H[ WILL CLIMATE *ANGE1 CONFLICT1 CIVILIZATIONAL EXPANSION & CONTRACTION AFFECT !M8 ,:AT CAN WE1 ! WE$S1 DO TO DEF5D ! WILD]NESS8 

#h4 ,CONS]VATION ,AMID ,*ANGE 

,APOCALYPSES N[ 

,AS LONG AS CLASS SOCIETY EXI/S1 ! W> ON ! WILD WILL CONT9UE -- !Y >E ONE & ! SAME4 ,! IDEAL ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION POS$ AT ! 5D ( ! PREVI\S *APT]1 0:AT CAN WE1 ! WE$S1 DO TO DEF5D ! WILD]NESS80 W\LD BE3 RE-WILD :]E WE >E 7& \RSELVES7 TO ! EXT5T ?AT CIVILIZATIONS' FALSE DIVISIONS >E OV]GR[N4 ,I SAY IDEAL1 BECAUSE = ALL ! REASONS \TL9$ ALREADY & MORE1 9 MO/ PLACES WE >E UNLIKELY TO SEE AN ECOLOGICAL TRANSC5D5CE4 

,BUT IF ! MILL5NIUM IS A MY?1 APOCALYPSES FEEL MORE & MORE LIKE UNFOLD+ REALITIES4 ,MANY UND]/&ABLY FE> ?AT RA9=E/S C\LD DIE-(F 9 ! FUTURE ?ANKS TO CLIMATE *ANGE 9DUC$ DR\<T1 .<#a#d#e.> BUT ! FACT IS ?AT TODAY MU* ( !M >E ALREADY BE+ CLE>$ & BURNT TO MAKE WAY = AGRICULTURE -- /ILL ! NUMB] ONE DRIV] ( TROPICAL DE=E/ATION4 ,F>M+ HAS ALREADY REPLAC$ WILD]NESS ON AN E/IMAT$ #d.0 ( ! E>?'S L& SURFACE .<#a#d#f.> SO = ! ANIMALS1 9SECTS1 PEOPLES & PLANTS IT REPLAC$1 ! APOCALYPSE HAS ALREADY COME4 ,ADD ! OV]ALL HIJACK+ ( ECOSY/EM S]VICES & ! CONT9U$ PILLAG+ ( WILDL&S = ANIMAL BODIES1 TREE TRUNKS1 WAT]1 M9]ALS & ANY?+ ELSE ?AT CAN BE TURN$ 9TO A 'NATURAL RES\RCE'1 & 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION IS EFFECTIVELY ATTEMPT+ A SU/A9$1 BL9D & HUGELY DAMAG+ TAKE-OV] ( ! ,E>? ,SY/EM4 ,AS P>T ( ?IS PROCESS AN?ROPOG5IC CLIMATE *ANGE IS LIKELY TO BE A =CE MAGNIFI]4 0,HABITAT DE/RUCTION 9CLUDES HABITAT FRAGM5TATION1 A P>TICUL>LY PROBLEMATIC FACTOR UND] CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,& ! PROBLEM ( ALI5 & 9VASIVE SPECIES1 SO FAVOR$ BY NON-NATURAL DI/URBANCE1 IS ONLY GREAT] :5 CLIMATE *ANGE IS ADD$444 ,! IMPACT ( CLIMATE *ANGE 9 ?IS HEAVILY FRAGM5T$ WORLD MAY BE IMM5SE40 .<#a#d#g.> 

,H[ IMM5SE8 ,NO ONE REALLY KN[S1 ?\< PL5TY >E TRY+ TO WORK IT \T4 .<#a#d#h.> ,:ILE !RE IS A LOT ( UNC]TA9TY ON ! DETAILS1 MO/ CONS]VATION BIOLOGI/S W\LD PROBABLY AGREE ?AT UNLESS 0ACTION .<IS.> RAPIDLY TAK51 ! SIX? GREAT EXT9CTION EV5T ON ,E>? WILL BE 5SUR$ BY 9CREAS+LY FRAGM5T$ HABITAT COMB9$ ) ! BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS RESULT+ FROM CLIMATE *ANGE40 .<#a#d#i.> ,SOME VOICES GO FUR!R4 ,AS ,/EPH5 ,M4 ,MEY] PO9TS \T 9 ,! ,5D ( ! ,WILD1 EXT9CTION RATES -- LONG BE=E SIGNIFICANT CLIMATE *ANGE KICKS 9 -- >E ALREADY 9 ! ORD] ( #c1 SPECIES A YE> & RAPIDLY ACCEL]AT+4 ,! SITUATION IS TRULY DIRE4 

,OV] ! NEXT #a YE>S OR SO AS MANY AS HALF ( ! ,E>?'S SPECIES1 REPRES5T+ A QU>T] ( ! PLANET'S G5ETIC /OCK1 WILL FUNCTIONALLY IF NOT COMPLETELY DISAPPE>444 ,NO?+ -- NOT NATIONAL OR 9T]NATIONAL LAWS1 GLOBAL BIO-RES]VES1 LOCAL SU/A9ABILITY S*EMES1 OR EV5 'WILDL&S' FANTASIES -- CAN *ANGE ! CURR5T C\RSE4 ,! BROAD PA? = BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IS N[ SET = ! NEXT SEV]AL MILLION YE>S4 ,& 9 ?IS S5SE ! EXT9CTION CRISIS -- ! RACE TO SAVE ! COMPOSITION1 /RUCTURE1 & ORGANIZATION ( BIODIV]SITY AS IT EXI/S TODAY -- IS OV]1 & WE HAVE LO/4 .<#a#e.> 

,I DON'T KN[ AB\T Y\1 BUT :5 ,I READ ?AT LA/ S5T5CE = ! FIR/ TIME IT WAS A %OCK1 & IT IS WOR? READ+ MORE ?AN ONCE4 0,! EXT9CTION CRISIS -- ! RACE TO SAVE ! COMPOSITION1 /RUCTURE1 & ORGANIZATION ( BIODIV]SITY AS IT EXI/S TODAY -- IS OV]1 & WE HAVE LO/40 ,MEY]'S G5]AL POSITION IS ?AT 9 ! AN?ROPOSC5E1 UNDOME/ICAT$ SPECIES >E EFFECTIVELY DIVID$ 9TO EI!R ,WE$Y ,SPECIES OR ,RELICS1 ) MANY ( ! ,RELIC ,SPECIES RAPIDLY BECOM+1 AT BE/1 ,<O/S4 

,WE$Y ,SPECIES 0?RIVE 9 CONT9UALLY DI/URB$1 HUMAN DOM9AT$ 5VIRONM5TS01 :IL/ ,RELIC SPECIES LIVE 0ON ! M>G9S 9 EV]-DECREAS+ NUMB]S & CONTRACT+ SPATIAL DI/RIBUTION444 ,RELIC ,SPECIES DO NOT ?RIVE 9 HUMAN-DOM9AT$ 5VIRONM5TS -- :I* N[ NE>LY COV] ! PLANET40 ,MEY]S >GUES ?AT1 0TO SURVIVE \TSIDE ( ZOOS1 RELICS WILL REQUIRE \R P]MAN5T & DIRECT MANAGEM5T40 ,?OSE RELICS ?AT DON'T GET SU* CONS]VATION ATT5TION1 & EV5 MANY ?AT DO1 WILL1 IF NOT IMM$IATELY BECOME EXT9CT1 5T] ! RANKS ( ! ,<O/ ,SPECIES4 ,!SE SPECIES >E 0ORGANISMS ?AT WILL NOT SURVIVE ON A PLANET ) BILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ( !IR ABILITIES & \R *OICES4 ,!Y >E <O/S BECAUSE :ILE !Y SEEM PL5TIFUL TODAY & MAY 9 FACT P]SI/ = DECADES1 !IR EXT9CTION IS C]TA91 AP>T FROM A FEW SPECIM5S 9 ZOOS OR LABORATORY->*IV$ ,D,N,A SAMPLES40 .<#a#e#a.> 

,A GREAT MANY ( ! PLANTS & ANIMALS WE P]CEIVE AS HEAL?Y & PL5TIFUL TODAY >E 9 FACT RELICS OR <O/S4 ,?IS SEEM+ CONTRADICTION IS EXPLA9$ BY ! FACT ?AT SPECIES LOSS IS NOT A SIMPLE L9E> PROCESS4 ,MANY DECADES CAN PASS BETWE5 ! />T ( ! DECL9E & ! OBS]VABLE COLLAPSE ( A POPULATION /RUCTURE1 ESPECIALLY :]E MOD]ATE-TO-LONG-LIV$ LIFE =MS >E 9VOLV$4 ,CONS]VATION ,BIOLOGI/S USE ! T]M 0EXT9CTION DEBT0 TO DESCRIBE ?IS GAP BETWE5 APPE>ANCE & REALITY4 ,9 ! PA/ C5TURY WE HAVE ACCUMULAT$ A VA/ EXT9CTION DEBT ?AT WILL BE PAID 9 ! C5TURY AHEAD4 ,! NUMB] ( PLANTS & ANIMALS WILL SPIRAL AS ! EXT9CTION DEBT COMES DUE4 .<#a#e#b.> 

0,CONS]VATION IS \R GOV]NM5T0 

,SO :AT /RATEGIES >E CONS]VATIONI/S COM+ UP ) TO PROTECT BIODIV]SITY1 WILDNESS & ECOSY/EM S]VICES AMID CLIMATE *ANGE8 ,! MA9 PROPOS$ ANSW] /ILL SEEMS TO BE PROTECT$ >EAS1 .<#a#e#c.> BUT ) A GREAT] PROTECTION = !IR SURR\ND+ MATRIX & ) AN EYE TO FLUX & 9CREAS$ 9T]V5TIONI/ MANAGEM5T4 ,( C\RSE1 PUTT+ A P>K SIGN ON A HABITAT DOESN'T AUTOMATICALLY RESULT 9 PRES]VATION2 9 AN 9CREAS+LY CR[D$ WORLD1 IT'S ALMO/ A =M ( ADV]TIS+4 ,AS ,MEY] PUTS IT1 0BIO RES]VES HAVE BECOME ! PREF]R$ HUNT+ GR\NDS = POA*]S & BU% MEAT TRAD]S3 IT IS1 AFT] ALL1 :]E ! ANIMALS >E40 .<#a#e#d.> ,:ILE ! PR$ATION IS L>GELY HUMANS EAT+ ! WILD1 IT'S GOT TO ! PO9T :]E ! 9T]-SPECIES CONFLICT ALSO FLIPS ! O!R WAY4 0,9 ,MUMBAI1 SLUM DWELL]S HAVE P5ETRAT$ SO F> 9TO ! ,SANJAY ,G&HI ,NATIONAL ,P>K ?AT SOME >E BE+ R\T9ELY EAT5 BY LEOP>DS 7T5 9 ,JUNE #bd ALONE73 ONE ANGRY CAT EV5 ATTACK$ A CITY BUS40 .<#a#e#e.> 

,ATTEMPTS TO OV]COME SU* 9TR9SIC 'CIVILIZ$ HUMAN VS4 WILD NATURE' DIVISIONS ) CONS]VATION-AS-DEVELOPM5T PROJECTS1 ECO-T\RISM COMMUNITY 9COME G5]ATION S*EMES & ! LIKE HAVE HAD SOME SUCCESS1 BUT NOT MU*4 ,(T5 AS NOT1 !Y HAVE SIMPLY MONET]IS$ EXI/+ RELATION%IPS ) ! L&1 BR$ RES5TM5T & 9/ILL$ ANO!R LAY] ( BUREAUCRACY OV] ! HEADS ( LOCAL PEOPLE ) M>G9AL CONS]VATION GA9S4 .<#a#e#f.> ,MORE SUCCESSFUL1 HORRIBLE ?\< IT IS TO ADMIT1 HAS BE5 ! WIDE SCALE F5C+ (F -- 9CLUD+ SOMETIMES EVICTION .<#a#e#g.> -- ( PEOPLES FROM L&SCAPES1 & !IR CONT9U$ POLIC+ BY P>K RANG]S4 ,BUT PUTT+ ONE'S E?ICS ASIDE = ! MOM5T1 ?IS ',YELL[/ONE MODEL' SEEMS 9CREAS+LY UNWORKABLE )\T SIGNIFICANT 9JECTIONS ( RES\RCES1 9CREAS$ MILIT>IZATION & AN EXPANSION ( L& COV]AGE4 ,NONE ( :I* SEEM P>TICUL>LY LIKELY ON MU* ( ! PLANET4 

,BO? ( CONS]VATION'S BIG IDEAS -- P>KS & CONS]VATION-AS-DEVELOPM5T PROJECTS -- >E EFFECTIVELY =MS ( GOV]NM5T OV] PEOPLE :I* PRESUME A /ATIC ECOLOGY ?REAT5$ BY A HUMAN POPULATION 9 FLUX4 ,ON A CLIMATE *ANGE MODIFI$ E>?1 :]E ECOSY/EMS >E !MSELVES 9 FLUX 7!Y ALWAYS W]E1 BUT NOT SO RAPIDLY72 ! OBVI\S ANSW] FROM A MA9/REAM CONS]VATION P]SPECTIVE IS EXP&+ \T TO 5COMPASS MANAGEM5T_/GOV]NM5T OV] HUMAN SY/EMS 9 ! L&SCAPE MATRIX >\ND RES]VES & MANAGEM5T_/GOV]NM5T ( ! ECOSY/EMS )9 RES]VES4 ,OV]ALL 0MANAGEM5T /RATEGIES >E LIKELY TO HAVE TO BE MORE 9NOVATIVE & MORE 9T]V5TIONI/40 .<#a#e#h.> 

,WE ALREADY KN[ SOME ( :AT ?IS WILL BEG9 TO LOOK LIKE -- JU/ LOOK AT ! 9CR$IBLY 9T]V5TIONI/ NATURE ( MO/ ( ,BRITI% CONS]VATION4 ,! BIOREGION :]E ,I LIVE IS1 9 ! CONTEXT ( TEMP]ATE ,EUROPE1 BIO-DIV]SE BUT IT IS HEAVILY MANAG$1 9 P>T BY CONS]VATIONI/S4 ,GIV5 ! FRAGM5TATION ( EXI/+ HABITAT IT W\LD PROBABLY BE DISA/R\S IF SU* MANAGEM5T /OPP$4 .<#a#e#i.> ,EFFECTIVELY1 9 MY BIOREGION IT IS A RIDICUL\S *OICE BETWE5 WILD 7I4E4 SELF-WILL$7 L& & BIODIV]SITY4 ,FROM A RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL P]SPECTIVE 7NOT TO M5TION ONE ) AN EYE TO ISL& BIOGEOGRAPHY7 ! SOLUTION W\LD BE ROLL+ BACK HUMAN MANAGEM5T ( HABITAT OV] A L>GE 5\< >EA ?AT ! ECOSY/EMS C\LD FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY4 ,REALI/ICALLY IT N[ LOOKS MORE PROBABLE ?AT MU* ( ! WORLD'S WILD]NESSES WILL 9CREAS+LY RESEMBLE MY BIOREGION ?AN MY BIOREGION RESEMBLE ! WORLD'S WILD]NESSES4 

,!RE IS LIKELY TO BE PL5TY ( WORK = ?OSE CONS]VATION MANAG]S ) A /OMA* = ! NE$$ 5DLESS 9T]F]+1 BUT IT'S NOT ! K9D ( CONS]VATION ,ALDO ,LEOPOLD W\LD RECOGNIZE4 ,EV5 IF SU* MASSIVE EXPANSION ( GOV]NANCE BY CONS]VATIONI/S OV] HUMANITY & PROTECT$ >EAS IS C>RI$ \T 7D\BTFUL71 UNLESS !RE IS A SIGNIFICANT SL[+ ( CLIMATE *ANGE 7:I* ,I SUSPECT WILL NOT HAPP5 ANY TIME SOON7 BIODIV]SITY WILL BE AFFECT$ 09 WAYS ?AT WILL EV5TUALLY BECOME IMPOSSIBLE TO MANAGE40 .<#a#f.> 

,A FEW YE>S BACK AN OLD FRI5D & COMRADE TOLD ME1 ) OBVI\S SADNESS 9 HIS EYES1 ?AT ! E>? WILL NE$ ACTIVE MANAGEM5T = ! NEXT #a1 YE>S4 ,9 SOME S5SES HE'S PROBABLY RI<T2 ! TRICK ( GOV]NM5T HAS ALWAYS BE5 ?AT IT CREATES PROBLEMS TO :I* ONLY IT CAN BE ! SOLUTION4 ,:ILE D\BT+ ITS EFFICACY1 ,I = ONE WILL NOT CONDEMN ?OSE :O -- MOTIVAT$ BY BIOC5TRIC PASSION -- TAKE ?IS PA?4 ,H[EV]1 = ?OSE UNWILL+ TO /EP AWAY FROM !IR CORE E?ICS >\ND LIB]TY_/WILDNESS_/AN>*Y1 O!R OPTIONS REMA91 N>R[+ ?\< !Y >E4 

,DAMAGE CONTROL 

,ACTION1 ACTION ( ANY K9D4 ,LET \R ACTION SET ! F9] PO9TS ( \R PHILOSOPHY444 ,\T ( ?IS PLANET1 \T ( ! E>? HAS EM]G$ A SOCIETY ( W>RIORS1 WOM5 & M5 :O >E PLANT+ !IR SPE>S 9 ! GR\ND & >E TAK+ A /&444 ,\R JOB IS DAMAGE CONTROL4 

-- ,DAVE ,=EMAN .<#a#f#a.> 

,!RE >E /ILL PLACES & PEOPLES ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS NOT YET CONQU]$ & 9 !SE PLACES L9ES CAN BE DRAWN & BATTLES JO9$4 ,ECOLOGICAL RESI/ANCE SCATT]$ ACROSS ! PLANET HAS BE5 9SPIR+ & (T5 EFFECTIVE4 

,DIFF]5T PEOPLE USE DIFF]5T PRIORITY-SETT+ SY/EMS TO *OOSE :]E TO PLANT !IR SPE>S1 ) ! COMMONE/ BE+ ! SIMPLE/ -- :]E CAN ,I REA* & :]E DO ,I LOVE8 ,= MANY1 ! ANSW]S TO ! QUE/IONS ( H[ & :]E TO DEF5D ! WILD WILL BE OBVI\S1 ! LOCAL AG5TS ( DE/RUCTION CLE>1 COMMUNITIES R\S$1 PLACES TO BE OCCUPI$ AVAILABLE1 /UFF TO BE DE/ROY$ VISIBLE4 ,! ?+ !N IS SIMPLY TO ACT4 

,H[EV]1 MANY WILD ECOSY/EMS 7& ! NON-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES ?AT >E P>T ( !M7 HAVE FEW 7IF ANY7 ALLIES & MANY POT5TIAL W>RIORS LIVE 9 PLACES ) LITTLE WILDNESS TO DEF5D1 OR ) LITTLE *ANCE ( VICTORY4 ,GIV5 ! SCALE ( ! ATTACK ON ! ,E>? ,SY/EM_/,GAIA_/,MO!R ,E>?1 SOME PRIORITY SETT+ SY/EMS CALL = 9CREAS$ FOCUS 9 P>TICUL> >EAS4 .<#a#f#b.> ,ADDITIONALLY1 /RONG P]SONAL DESIRES TO RESPOND TO ! CALL ( ! WILD BY SEEK+ ADV5TURE1 ESCAPE1 /RUGGL+ COMMUNITIES & CONFLICT ALSO DRIVE PEOPLE TO SEEK O!R T]RA9S4 ,) ! OBJECTIVE ( AID+ SU* *OICES1 LET'S MAP \T SOME ADVANTAGES ?AT BECOME CLE> :5 WE ACCEPT ?AT ! SITUATION IS AS BAD AS IT PROBABLY IS4 ,GIV5 WE >E 9 A PRETTY %ITTY SITUATION IT SEEMS HELPFUL TO TRANS=M DISADVANTAGES 9TO ADVANTAGES4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,WE >E SMALL 9 NUMB] BUT ! PROBLEMS >E GREAT4 

,! FIR/ DISADVANTAGE ?AT CAN BE TURN$ >\ND IS ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT NOT ?AT MANY PEOPLE >E WILL+ TO COMMIT TO DEF5D+ ! WILD1 FEW >E LIB]T>IANS & FEW] /ILL >E ABLE TO TRAVEL F> FROM HOME1 OR PUT TIME & RES\RCES 9TO SOLID>ITY ACTION OR FUNDRAIS+4 ,:5 ?IS IS C\PL$ ) ! SCALE ( ! GLOBAL PROBLEM1 & ! NUMB] & DIV]SITY ( BATTLES1 AN OBVI\S ADVANTAGE APPE>S4 ,! PROBLEMS VA/LY \TNUMB] ?OSE ( US WI%+ TO 5GAGE !M FROM \R P]SPECTIVE &1 ?US1 WE %\LD BE ABLE TO CONC5TRATE ON ONLY ?OSE BATTLES :I* MO/ REFLECT \R E?ICS4 ,WE CAN LEAVE ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE MESSI] SITUATIONS1 :I* AB\ND 9 CONS]VATION1 TO :5 ! /RUGGLES ?AT DON'T RAISE SIGNIFICANT CONTRADICTIONS = US >E 'DEALT )'4 ,?IS IS LIKELY TO BE NEV]4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,CIVILIZATION IS G5OCIDAL AS WELL AS ECOCIDAL4 

,SOME 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 DRIV5 BY DEEPLY HELD L& E?ICS1 WILL+LY DEF5D ! BIO-DIV]SE WILDL& COMMUNITIES !Y >E P>T ( FROM DEVELOPM5T4 ,O!RS >E =C$ TO DO SO AS1 RI<TLY OR WRONGLY1 /ATES (T5 VIEW !M AS IMP$IM5TS TO PROGRESS1 OR SIMPLY WANT TO DE/ROY !IR HABITAT TO 5CLOSE HUMAN SUBJECTS1 O!R 'NATURAL RES\RCES' & T]RITORY4 ,EI!R WAY1 ! G5OCIDAL NATURE ( CIVILIZATION 5SURES ?AT ! RESI/ANCE ( M9ORITY 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES FROM ! M\NTA9S ( ,ORISSA TO ! =E/S ( ! ,AMAZON IS (T5 AN ECOSY/EM'S BE/ DEF5SE4 ,SOLID>ITY & JO9T /RUGGLE ) SU* PEOPLES IS (T5 ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL /RATEGY = WILD]NESS DEF5SE & ONE ?AT USUALLY 9VOLVES FEW COMPROMISES & CONTRADICTIONS = BIOC5TRIC LIB]T>IANS4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,CONS]VATION BUDGETS 9 MU* ( ! WORLD >E T9Y4 

,IT'S NOT 5TIRELY ATYPICAL ?AT 9 JU/ OV] #be YE>S ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( A =E/ (FIC]'S SAL>Y 7A GRADUATE PO/7 9 ! ,UG&AN ,=E/ S]VICE FELL BY #i#i4#f.04 .<#a#f#c.> ,SU* SITUATIONS 5ABLE SMALL AM\NTS ( \TSIDE MONEY TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT IF C>EFULLY T>GET$4 ,SEA ,%EPH]D HAS MANAG$ TO GA9 9FLU5CE & /R5G!N CONS]VATION 9 ! ,GALAPAGOS ,ISL&S BY PROVID+ FUNDS1 EQUIPM5T & TE*NICAL SUPPORT TO ! ,P>K ,S]VICE -- :O HAD PREVI\SLY SUFF]$ FROM BO? 9ADV]T5T NEGLECT & PURPOSEFUL UND]FUND+ TO HAM/R+ !IR *ANCE ( 9T]F]+ ) POLITICIAN-BACK$ MAFIA /YLE 9DU/RIAL FI%+4 .<#a#f#d.> ,RANG]S 9 SOME ( ! PLANET'S MO/ IMPORTANT RES]VES >E (T5 BADLY >M$ & SUFF]+ SIGNIFICANT CASUALTIES ) LITTLE \TSIDE SUPPORT4 ,= 9/ANCE1 #aeh ,CONGOLESE RANG]S HAVE BE5 KILL$ OV] #a YE>S DEF5D+ M\NTA9 GORILLA HABITATS1 & SMALL AM\NTS ( MONEY -- NOT LEA/ TO SUPPORT B]EAV$ FAMILIES -- IS MAK+ A REAL DIFF]5CE TO ! SU/A9ABILITY ( PROJECTS & COMMUNITIES4 .<#a#f#e.> 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,A LOT ( PEOPLE >E RACI/ 

,MANY \TSIDE ( ! 'WE/' BELIEVE ALL ?OSE FROM IT -- ESPECIALLY 7BUT NOT ONLY7 ?OSE ) :ITE SK9 PRIVILEGE -- POSSESS POLITICAL_/ECONOMIC P[]S !Y DO NOT HAVE4 ,?IS ILLUSION 7UN=TUNATE AS IT IS FROM AN ANTI-IMP]IALI/ P]SPECTIVE7 CAN BE ( GREAT USE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 A PRISON VISIT TO =E/ CONS]VATIONI/ ,RAUL ,ZAPATOS BY A H&FUL ( ECO-AN>*I/S FROM ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES ON A SOLID>ITY TRIP 9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 COMB9$ ) A SMALL AM\NT ( '9T]NATIONAL PRESSURE' FROM SIMIL> CIRCLES1 WAS PROBABLY A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR LEAD+ TO HIS RELEASE4 .<#a#f#f.> ,NUM]\S SIMIL> EXAMPLES ( SUCCESSFUL SOLID>ITY 9 ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT >EAS COME TO M9D4 ,PEOPLES :O HAVE F\ND REFUGE 9 WILD >EAS -- & WI% TO DEF5D !M -- CAN USE & CON/RUCT E?NICITY & ABORIG9ALITY MY?S .<#a#f#g.> TO BO? C>VE \T PROTECTIVE L& RI<TS1 MOBILIZE ROMANTIC SUPPORT FROM \TSIDE & PRES5T A SELF-PROTECTIVE IMAGE :E!R ( 'PEACEFUL SAGES' OR 'VIOL5T SAVAGES' DEP5D+ ON UTILITY4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,NON-/ATE =CES >E ALSO CAUS+ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION 

,MU* DE/RUCTION & ATTACKS >E C>RI$ \T BY =CES ?AT1 ?\< 9 NO WAY LIB]T>IAN1 >E NEV]!LESS \TSIDE OR ADV]S>IAL TO ! P>TICUL> /ATE ?AT CONTROLS ! T]RA9 ON PAP]4 ,CONS]VATIONI/S FROM ! UNI=MLY GOV]N$ ,WE/ (T5 PRESUME GOV]NM5TS CONTROL '!IR' T]RITORY & >E FLOOR$ IF !Y >E NOT ABLE OR WILL+ TO ACT4 ,RA!R ?AN /R5G!N+ ! /ATE 7AS CONS]VATIONI/S HAVE (T5 DONE7 9 SOME SU* SITUATIONS1 ?OSE :O WI% TO SUPPORT LOCAL COMMUNITIES 9 MILITANTLY DEF5D+ !IR ECOLOGIES MAY BE ABLE TO DO SO DIRECTLY1 'LEGALLY' & RELATIVELY OP5LY4 ,AS ! REC5T EXP]I5CE ( 7,E>? ,FIR/6 CO-F\ND]7 ,BRUCE ,HAYSE'S ABORTIVE 'GRE5 >MY' 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,AFRICAN ,REPUBLIC ATTE/S1 !RE CAN BE MANY PITFALLS & PROBLEMS1 BUT POSSIBILITIES REMA94 ,EV5 MORE DIRECTLY1 ,SEA ,%EPH]D HAS SUCCESSFULLY BR&$ ITSELF AS 5=C+ CONS]VATION 9 9T]NATIONAL -- I4E L>GELY UNGOV]N$ -- WAT]S1 5ABL+ IT TO C>RY \T ECO-DEF5SE :I* ELSE:]E 7& ) LESS CLEV] BR&+7 W\LD BE JUDG$ SABOTAGE1 !FT1 H>ASSM5T & OB/RUCTION4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,GLOBALIZATION IS SPREAD+4 

,AS P>T ( GLOBALIZATION1 AN 9CREAS+ AM\NT ( URBAN SOCIAL MOVEM5T AN>*I/S >E CROPP+ UP 9 L&S CLAIM$ BY SU* /ATES SU* AS ,9DONESIA1 ,*ILI1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES & ,RUSSIA4 ,MANY ( !SE >E WELL PLAC$ TO 5GAGE 9 ECOLOGICAL RESI/ANCE & SOLID>ITY ) 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & *ANNEL ?OSE FROM ELSE:]E TO SUPPORT SU* /RUGGLES4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,HABITAT FRAGM5TS MAY BE UNABLE TO PRES]VE BIODIV]SITY 

,IT'S G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ ?AT -- 0) CLIMATE *ANGE1 EV5 ! BE/ DESIGN$ PROTECT$ >EA SY/EM CANNOT ASPIRE TO CONS]VE BIOLOGICAL DIV]SITY IF IT CONSI/S MO/LY ( ISOLAT$ UNITS40 .<#a#f#h.> ,MEY]S /ATES ABOVE ?AT WILDL& FANTASIES >E UNLIKELY TO HALT BIOLOGICAL MELTD[N2 :ILE ?IS IS PROBABLY TRUE1 ! FACT ?AT MANY WANT TO BELIEVE !Y MI<T IS1 9 SOME PLACES1 OP5+ ! DOOR TO L>GE SCALE REWILD+ .<#a#f#i.> SOME:AT RESEMBL+ ! WILD]NESS REG5]ATION ADVOCAT$ BY RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALI/S = DECADES4 ,SMALL] ECOLOGICAL RE/ORATION .<#a#g.> PROJECTS SEEM TO BE ALSO ON ! 9CREASE4 

,ADVANTAGE 

-- ,! SITUATION IS DIRE 

,ONE CAN'T REALLY MAKE ! SITUATION MU* WORSE1 & ONE'S ACTIONS C\LD HELP MAKE A REAL DIFF]5CE 9 /RUGGLES TO DEF5D WILDNESS & LIB]TY4 

,AN OBVI\S CRITICISM ( DAMAGE CONTROL IS ?AT IT C\LD BE SE5 AS TREAT+ ! SYMPTOMS & NOT ! ROOT CAUSE4 ,DIAGNOSIS ( ! MALADY IS CLE> BUT IT W\LD BE DELUD$ TO BELIEVE ONE HAD 7OR MORE OM9\SLY WAS7 ! CURE4 ,:ATEV] ! PROGNOSIS1 ! SPREAD ( ! DISEASE IS SURELY /ILL WOR? RESI/+ & IF ANY?+ CLIMATE *ANGE ONLY UND]L9ES ?IS4 ,SL[+ ! DE/RUCTION ( WILD]NESS 7:AT ,LOVELOCK DESCRIBES AS 0! VANI%+ FACE ( ,GAIA0 .<#a#g#a.> 7 MAY 5ABLE ! ,E>? ,SY/EM TO BETT] DEAL ) CONT9U+ AN?ROPOG5IC RELEASES ( C>BON DIOXIDE1 A SIGNIFICANT P]C5TAGE ( :I* IT'S WOR? REMEMB]+1 >ISE AT ! MOM5T FROM DE=E/ATION4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT HABITAT DEF5SE CAN '/OP CLIMATE *ANGE'4 ,LIKE IT OR NOT CLIMATE *ANGE IS PROBABLY N[ ! CONTEXT 9 :I* ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLES >E F\<T1 NOT A SUBJECT AGA9/ :I* ONE CAN /RUGGLE4 

,NATURE BATS LA/ 

,9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE AN AMAZ+ WILD]NESS ?RONGS ) ELK & WOLVES4 ,ABOVE ! WOODS & PA/URES ( ,WORMWOOD ,=E/ EAGLE [LS FLY :IL/ BEAV]S BUILD DAMS 9 ! RIV]S & SWAMPS4 ,9 :AT HAS BECOME EFFECTIVELY ONE ( ,EUROPE'S L>GE/ NATURE RES]VES CREEP]S CLIMB BUILD+S1 LYNX RUN 9 AB&ON$ FIELDS & P9ES HAVE LONG S9CE BROK5 ?R\< MU* ( ! T>MAC4 ,WELCOME TO ! ,*]NOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE4 ,FOLL[+ ! #aihf NUCLE> DISA/] OV] #a#b1 PEOPLE W]E EVACUAT$ FROM ! >EA -- MO/ NEV] TO RETURN4 ,9 ! HE>T ( ! ZONE1 ! PREVI\SLY #e1 /RONG CITY ( ,PRIPYAT IS N[ DES]T$ -- B> A SMALL NUMB] ( SQUATT]S -- BUT IS BY NO MEANS A <O/ T[N4 0,PRIPYAT BEGAN RETURN+ TO NATURE AS SOON AS ! PEOPLE LEFT1 & !RE WAS NO ONE TO TRIM & PRUNE & WE$40 .<#a#g#b.> 

,NATURE'S 9CR$IBLE P[] TO RE-GR[ & FL\RI% FOLL[+ DISA/]S IS EVID5T BO? FROM PREVI\S MASS EXT9CTIONS & FROM ITS ABILITY TO HEAL MANY L&S SC>R$ BY CIVILIZATION4 ,ITS TRUE P[] IS R>ELY CONSID]$ )9 ! SEAL$1 AN?ROPOC5TRIC ?9K+ ( ?OSE ?AT W\LD PR(IT FROM ! PRES5T OR ATTEMPT TO PLAN ! FUTURE4 ,YET ! FUNCTION+ ( ! ,E>? ,SY/EM IS DE/RUCTIVE AS WELL AS B\NTIFUL & IT IS NOT A CONSCI\S GOD ) AN 9T]E/ 9 PRES]V+ US OR ITS PRES5T >RANGEM5T -- SOME?+ WE MAY F9D \T IF ! ,E>? IS N[ MOV+ TO A NEW MU* HOTT] /ATE4 ,) US OR )\T US1 0:ILE ! CLASS W> IS VICI\S -- !RE CAN BE ONLY ONE W9N]1 ! WILD40 .<#a#g#c.> ,9 A S5SE !RE IS SOLACE 9 ?IS1 BUT WE %\LD NOT LOOK TO SU* 'VICTORY' AS ,*RI/IAN ,FUNDAM5TALI/S LOOK TO !IR 'RAPTURE'1 = ?OSE SPECIES ?AT HAVE BE5 PU%$ TO OBLIVION WILL NOT RISE FROM ! DEAD & NEI!R %ALL WE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 NATURE BATS LA/4 

#i4 ,AN>*I/S ,BEH9D ! ,WALLS 

,SOCIAL W> 9 TEMP]ATE CLIMATES 

,JAMES ,LOVELOCK SAYS ?AT 9 ! 0PR$ICT$ CLIMATE CATA/ROPHE444 :AT IS AT RISK IS CIVILIZATION40 .<#a#g#d.> ,I AM UN=TUNATELY LESS OPTIMI/IC -- CIVILIZATION 9 SOME =M OR O!R WILL P]SI/1 AT LEA/ 9 MANY REGIONS4 ,IT IS NO ACCID5T ?AT ! FIR/ CIVILIZATION TO SPREAD GLOBALLY ORIG9ATES 9 TEMP]ATE ,EUROPE4 ,MANY O!R CIVILIZATIONS RAIS$ UP EMPIRES ONLY TO DE/ROY !IR 5VIRONM5TS & COLLAPSE4 ,! OCEANIC TEMP]ATE CLIMATE GAVE ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION A WID] M>G9 ( ]ROR1 5ABL+ CIVILIZATION TO ESCAPE ITS [N REGIONAL LOCALITY & DEV\R MU* ( ! E>?4 ,AS ) O!R CIVILIZATIONS1 IT LEAVES DES]TS 9 ITS FOOTPR9TS -- BUT BE+ GLOBAL 9 REA* BUT TEMP]ATE 9 ORIG9 ! PHYSICAL DES]TS >E L>GELY ELSE:]E4 ,?US SOME ( ! KEY C\NTRIES HI/ORICALLY RESPONSIBLE = GLOBAL HEAT+ WILL BE ! LEA/ DRAMATICALLY AFFECT$ BY IT -- AT LEA/ DIRECTLY4 

,:ILE ?OSE L>GE CAPITALI/ CORE C\NTRIES ?AT SPAN MULTIPLE CLIMATE ZONES 7,AU/RALIA1 ,U,S,A1 ,RUSSIA7 MAY SEE CONSID]ABLE DIRECT DISRUPTION1 .<#a#g#e.> UND] MO/ MODELS ?OSE LIV+ 9 TEMP]ATE ZONES -- ESPECIALLY OCEANIC & M\NTA9\S L&S -- CAN EXPECT A HEAT$1 YET RELATIVELY CALM1 CLIMATE PUNCTUAT$ BY EXTREME EV5TS4 .<#a#g#f.> ,TO A V]Y L>GE DEGREE ! =ECA/ = SOCIAL W> .<#a#g#g.> IS LIKELY TO BE SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! CLIMATE =ECA/3 HEAT$1 YET RELATIVELY CALM1 :ILE PUNCTUAT$ BY EXTREME EV5TS4 ,RELATIVE1 ?AT IS1 TO SITUATIONS ELSE:]E ON A RAPIDLY HEAT+ & CONFLICT$ PLANET1 ,N,O,T RELATIVE TO SOCIAL & CLIMATIC SITUATIONS TODAY4 ,M$IT]RANEAN L&S WILL PROBABLY GET F> HOTT] -- 9 BO? S5SES -- & ?IS MAY FAVOR ! GR[? ( AN>*I/S 9 A SPREAD+ V]SION ( :AT ,EUROPOL HAS REF]R$ TO AS ! 0,M$IT]RANEAN TRIANGLE ( AN>*I/IC VIOL5CE04 .<#a#g#h.> ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+ L&LOCK$ TEMP]ATE C\NTRIES 9 ! MIDDLE ( CONT95TS >E LIKELY TO SEE !IR SUMM]S GET CONSID]ABLY HOTT]1 ) SOME SU* AS ,LOVELOCK EV5 PR$ICT+ ! FUNCTIONAL COLLAPSE ( EXI/+ AGRICULTURAL =MS4 

,9 ! FILM ,*ILDR5 ( ,M5 C\NTRIES WORLD-WIDE SEEM TO BE 5GULF$ 9 FAM9E1 9SURRECTION1 CIVIL W>1 EPIDEMICS & 'NATURAL' DISA/]S4 ,MEAN:ILE ,BRITA9 0SOLDI]S ON0 ) A BANAL AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM ?AT SEES MO/ PEOPLE CONT9U+ 9 !IR ASSIGN$ CLASS ROLES & TRAVEL+ DAILY TO WORK AS MU* ( ! PLANET SEEM+LY IMPLODES >\ND !M4 ,POLYGLOT REFUGEES 9 VA/ NUMB]S >E IMPRISON$ 9 A SEASIDE <ETTO T[N4 ,SU* A PICTURE C\LD BE AN IMAGE FROM ! FUTURE CLIMATE = NOT JU/ ! ,BRITA9 ,ISLES BUT MANY TEMP]ATE C\NTRIES1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE /ATES ) OCEANIC BORD]S 7:I* BO? MOD]ATE CLIMATIC EXTREMES & 5ABLE EASI] BORD] CONTROL7 SU* AS ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 ,TASMANIA ETC4 ,:ILE CON=MITY & SOCIAL COPY+ WILL1 ,I SUSPECT1 REMA9 ! NORM1 9CREAS+LY AU?ORIT>IAN CONDITIONS & ! ECONOMIC EFFECT ( GLOBAL DISLOCATIONS1 WILL OCCASIONALLY F]M5T SPECTACUL> EPISODES ( CLASS ANG] & ! WID] =MATION ( DISSID5T CULTURES -- H[EV] 'M>G9AL4' ,GORD ,HILL ( ! ,KWAKWAKA'WAKW NATION MAY HAVE IT AB\T RI<T3 

,! CONV]G5CE ( W>1 ECONOMIC DECL9E & ECOLOGICAL CRISIS WILL LEAD TO GREAT] OV]ALL SOCIAL CONFLICT )9 ! IMP]IALI/ NATIONS 9 ! YE>S TO COME4 ,IT IS ?IS GR[+ CONFLICT ?AT WILL CREATE *ANGES 9 ! PRES5T SOCIAL CONDITIONS .<).> GREAT] OPPORTUNITIES = ORGANIZ$ RESI/ANCE4 ,! RUL]S >E WELL AW>E ( ?IS1 & IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT /ATE REPRESSION IS N[ BE+ E/ABLI%$ AS A PRIM>Y MEANS ( SOCIAL CONTROL 7I4E GREATLY EXP&$ POLICE-MILIT>Y =CES1 NEW T]ROR LAWS ETC7444 ,WE >E N[ 9 A P]IOD ?AT CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS ! 'CALM BE=E ! /ORM'4 .<#a#g#i.> 

,MIRROR+ ,GORD ,HILL1 BUT FROM A /ATI/ P]SPECTIVE1 ! ,U,K *IEF SCI5TI/ HAS W>N$ ( A 0P]FECT /ORM0 9 #bc DUE TO POT5TIAL %ORTAGES ( WAT]1 FOOD & 5]GY ?AT C\LD RESULT 9 0MAJOR DE/ABILIZATION1 AN 9CREASE 9 RIOT+ & POT5TIALLY SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS ) 9T]NATIONAL MIGRATION1 AS PEOPLE MOVE \T TO AVOID FOOD & WAT] %ORTAGES40 .<#a#h.> ,?\< ?IS /ORM MAY 9ITIALLY BREAK ELSE:]E1 ?OSE /ATES 7& !IR CAPTIVES7 ?AT RELY HEAVILY ON 9T]NATIONAL TRADE WILL BE HIT4 

,SU* A PICTURE ( SOCIAL CONFLICT %\LD NOT GIVE ! FALSE IMPRESSION ?AT ! COM+ 'TR\BLES' WILL RESULT 9 SOME K9D ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL TRANSC5D5CE4 ,TO SUSPECT ?AT ! FUTURE WILL SEE AN 9CREASE 9 TR\BLE & ?AT SOME ( ?OSE TR\BLES WILL BE 'US'1 DOES NOT PRESUME ANY =M ( OV]ALL 'VICTORY'4 ,RA!R1 SOCIAL CRISES >E 9EVITABLE 9 SOCIETIES BAS$ ON CLASS W>F>E1 & WILL ONLY BE EXAGG]AT$ BY ! EM]G+ CONDITIONS4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 IT W\LD BE UNWISE TO IGNORE ! PACIFY+ EFFECT ( EV]Y:]E ELSE BE+ P]CEIV$ AS 'WORSE'4 ,9 ,*APT] #c 7,DES]T ,/ORMS7 WE LOOK$ AT H[ L&S SU* AS ,AM]ICA & ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES ETC4 MAY 0FALL BACK ON A COMB9ATION ( POLICIES ?AT ADD UP TO QU>ANT9E0 & IT W\LD BE NAIVE TO ?9K ?IS W\LD BE A POLICY FAVOR$ BY /ATES ONLY2 9DE$ WE CAN EXPECT /RONG] CALLS = ,MORE ,BORD]S TO COME FROM ACROSS CLASSES4 .<#a#h#a.> ,9 CONTRA/ ,LOVELOCK HAS1 SOME MAY BE SURPRIS$ TO F9D1 AN OPTIMI/IC VIEW3 

,SC&9AVIA & ! OCEANIC P>TS ( NOR!RN ,EUROPE SU* AS ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES MAY BE SP>$ ! WOR/ ( HEAT & DR\<T ?AT GLOBAL HEAT+ BR+S4 ,?IS PUTS A SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITY UPON US TO 444 GIVE REFUGE TO ! UNIMAG9ABLY L>GE 9FLUX ( CLIMATE REFUGEES4 .<#a#h#b.> 

,LEGAL IMMIGRATION TODAY IS CLASS 7& TO A C]TA9 EXT5T RACE7 SELECTIVE & ?IS IS LIKELY TO BECOME ONLY MORE ! CASE4 ,OV]ALL /RUGGLES >E EXTREMELY UNLIKELY TO *ANGE ?IS1 ?\< :5 FOCUS$ ON 9DIVIDUALS WILL NO D\BT CONT9UE TO HAVE SOME GREAT SUCCESSES4 

,:ILE ?OSE ( US LIV+ 'BEH9D ! WALLS' MAY BE %IELD$ FROM SOME ( ! MORE OV]T & L>GE SCALE CONFLICTS -- & OPPORTUNITIES -- ?AT >E LIKELY TO *>ACT]IZE ?IS C5TURY1 ! SOCIAL W> IS ALL >\ND US4 ,! LACK ( OV]T CIVIL W> IS M]ELY A SIGN ( ! DEP? ( \R DOME/ICATION1 AS 9 MO/ PLACES1 ! POLIC+ NE$S ONLY BE SPORADIC4 ,PECK+ ORD]S >E ALMO/ EV]Y:]E1 & FROM ! BOR$OM1 PA9 & 9DIGNITY ( WAGE LABOR TO \R EXCLUSION FROM ! L& COMMUNITY1 WE LIVE 9 7& >E7 OCCUPI$ T]RITORY4 ,IF WE DISREG>D ! ILLOGIC ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & TAKE FOOD OR %ELT] :5 NE$$ WE RISK FAC+ SECURITY GU>DS1 BAILIFFS1 POLICE & PRISONS4 ,?\< L>GELY ABS5T FROM ! SPECTACLE ! CLASS CASUALTIES M\NT UP -- 9 MY C\NTRY ! RI*E/ LIVE ON AV]AGE #a YE>S LONG] ?AN ! POORE/ .<#a#h#c.> & ONE ( ! GREATE/ S+LE PR$ICTORS ( FATAL HE>T DISEASE -- ?ANKS TO SOCIAL /RESS -- IS H[ L[ ONE IS 9 A HI]>*Y4 .<#a#h#d.> ,JU/ AS WORLDWIDE MORE PEOPLE KILL !MSELVES ?AN GET KILL$ 9 W>S & ?R\< 9T]P]SONAL VIOL5CE1 .<#a#h#e.> 9 ,BRITA9 SUICIDE REMA9S ! HI<E/ S+LE CAUSE ( DEA? = BO? MALES & FEMALES AG$ #a#e-#c#d4 .<#a#h#f.> ,ASSIMILATION IS PA9FUL & TRAUMA1 SELF-H>M1 ABUSE & ADDICTION >E RIFE4 ,AS ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM SAID1 = MANY1 0! GREATE/ KEPT /ATE SECRET IS ! MIS]Y ( EV]YDAY LIFE40 .<#a#h#g.> 

,\R LIVES CAN BE BETT]1 FRE]1 & WILD] ?AN ?IS & AS AN>*I/S WE DO \R UTMO/ TO MAKE !M SO1 NOT 9 ! EV]-AFT] ( PO/-REVOLUTION>Y HEAV51 BUT N[4 ,NEV]!LESS DESPITE BE+ AN>*I/S MANY ( US F9D \RSELVES 9 RELATIVELY TEMP]ATE SOCIAL CLIMATES F> FROM OV]T CONFLICT ON ! SCALE LIKELY TO BE SE5 BEYOND ! WALLS4 ,?IS BR+S BO? ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES4 

,SURVEILLANCE /ATES @& SECURITY CULTURES 

,! ,=TRESS FACES 9W>DS AS WELL AS \T4 ,9CREAS+LY NEW TE*NOLOGIES ( CONTROL >E BR\<T 9 UND] ! JU/IFICATION ( FE> ( ! B>B>IANS -- :E!R ( T]RORI/S OR MIGRANTS4 ,SOME:AT EVOCATIVE ( SCI-FI DY/OPIAS 7NOT TO M5TION ! ,GAZA ,/RIP7 COV]T SURVEILLANCE DRONES >E ALREADY FLY+ ,BRITI% SKIES 9TRODUC$ 9ITIALLY = M>ITIME BORD] CONTROL1 A PUBLIC JU/IFICATION :I* ! POLICE !MSELVES ADMIT IS L>GELY A RUSE4 .<#a#h#h.> ,9 MANY C\NTRIES1 CAM]AS1 SOME N[ ) MICROPHONES1 PROLIF]ATE TO ! PO9T ( BE+ PRACTICALLY 9VISIBLE -- NOT BECAUSE !Y >E COV]T BUT BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 NORMALIZ$4 ,P]VASIVE TE*NOLOGIES ( CONTROL1 MANY EV5 PAID = BY \RSELVES & ADOPT$ VOLUNT>ILY1 SU* AS MOBILES1 COMPUT]S1 BANK C>DS & ROAD CAM]AS 7) NUMB] PLATE RECOGNITION7 MAP SOCIAL NETWORKS1 *ANG+ AFFILIATIONS & PHYSICAL MOVEM5TS4 

,NEW COMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGIES "7 ,NEW WAYS ( MAK+ US TALK4 

,:5 !SE NEW TE*NOLOGIES >E COMB9$ ) OLD FA%ION$ 'HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE' GA!R$ BY 9=M]S & 9FILTRATORS OP]AT+ )9 RESI/ANT COMMUNITIES1 /ATES & CORPORATIONS CAN GA9 A LEVEL ( OV]SI<T ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 UN?\<T-( EV5 A FEW DECADES AGO4 ,:E!R OR NOT CONTROL TE*NOLOGIES CONV]GE TO CREATE AN 9TELLIG5CE /ATE ?AT UND]/&S EV]YONE RA!R ?AN M]ELY GA!RS DATA ON !M IS YET TO BE SE52 BUT AGA9/ ?OSE PREEXI/+ CULTURES ( OPPOSITION ! L5SES >E V]Y MU* ALREADY FOCUS$4 ,SADLY1 MU* ( ! FOCUS+ IS DONE BY US4 

,! FACT ?AT \R TYRANNICAL 5EMY NO LONG] DRAWS ITS P[] FROM ITS ABILITY TO %UT PEOPLE UP1 BUT FROM ITS APTITUDE TO MAKE !M TALK -- I4E1 FROM ! FACT ?AT IT HAS MOV$ ITS C5T] ( GRAVITY FROM ITS MA/]Y ( ! WORLD ITSELF TO ITS SEIZURE ( ! WORLD'S MODE ( DISCLOSURE REQUIRES ?AT A FEW TACTICAL ADJU/M5TS BE MADE4 

-- ,SIL5CE & ,BEYOND1 ,TIQQUN #a 

,A LIMIT$ RESPONSE W\LD BE 7ALONG ) AB&ON+ ANY DIALOGUE ) P[] & SPECTACLE7 REL9QUI%+ ! USE ( NEW NE> UNIV]SAL COMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGIES4 ,?\< ?IS MAY HAVE WID] LIFE/YLE B5EFITS1 IT MAY ALSO 9CREAS+LY MAKE ONESELF /& \T4 ,ACCORD+ TO A ,U,K MILIT>Y MID-T]M FUTURE PROJECTION3 0,BY ! 5D ( ! P]IOD .<#b#c#f.> IT IS LIKELY ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION WILL F9D IT DIFFICULT TO 'TURN ! \TSIDE WORLD (F4' ,I,C,T .<9=MATION & COMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGY.> IS LIKELY TO BE SO P]VASIVE ?AT PEOPLE >E P]MAN5TLY CONNECT$ TO A NETWORK OR TWO-WAY DATA /REAM ) 9H]5T *ALL5GES TO CIVIL LIB]TIES2 BE+ DISCONNECT$ C\LD BE CONSID]$ SUSPICI\S40 .<#a#h#i.> ,WE >E MOV+ TO SU* A FUTURE FA/4 ,:5 ! ,FR5* ANTI-T]RORI/ POLICE 9VAD$ ! L& COMMUNITY 9 ,T>NAC 9 #bh ONE ( ! PUBLIC JU/IFICATIONS !Y GAVE = SUSPECT+ ?AT A T]RORI/ CELL WAS =M+ WAS ?AT FEW ON ! L& HAD MOBILES6 .<#a#i.> 

,! AGRE$ CONV5TION IS ?AT ! FIR/ /EP = ?OSE :O1 HAV+ PLANN$ ! FUTURE1 N[ WI% TO BR+ IT AB\T IS TO MAKE ONESELF KN[N1 MAKE ONE'S VOICE HE>D -- SPEAK TRU? TO P[]4 ,YET 0! LI/5] IMPOSES ! T]MS1 NOT ! TALK]40 .<#a#i#a.> ,MU* ( ! L[-LEVEL CONTE/ATION ?AT *>ACT]IZES ACTIVISM1 & ! LIMIT$ SOCIAL SPACES ?AT MAKE UP C\NT]-CULTURES1 ACTIVELY M>K \T >EAS1 & PEOPLE1 9 NE$ ( POT5TIAL POLIC+4 ,?AT'S NOT TO SAY ?AT ALL RESI/ANCE IS FUTILE 7IF MEAN+FUL1 A*IEVABLE OBJECTIVES >E KEPT 9 M9D1 & TACTICS NOT TRANS=M$ 9TO AIMS71 NOR ?AT WE %\LD DESI/ FROM GR[+ COMMUNITIES 9 :I* TO LIVE & LOVE2 RA!R ?AT WE W\LD BE WISE TO UND]/& ?AT MANY 'SUBV]SIVE' ACTIONS -- & SOCIAL RELATIONS -- 9CREAS+LY S]VE ! NE$S ( P[] AS WELL AS LIB]TY4 ,! BALANCE ( ADVANTAGE %\LD ALWAYS BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,WE NE$ TO ALWAYS ASK \RSELVES ! QUE/ION3 ,TO :AT EXT5T IS ! PLANN$ ACTION OR ME?OD ( SOCIAL RELATION%IP LIKELY TO HEMORRHAGE DATA ON POT5TIALLY RESI/IVE ID5TITIES8 ,) 9CREAS+LY P[]FUL SURVEILLANCE /ATES & /ORMS APPROA*+1 \R RESPONSIBILITY TO EA* O!R1 ESPECIALLY TO ?OSE AS YET UNIMPLICAT$1 GR[S4 

,YET1 DESPITE ?IS CONTRADICTION1 IF WE DON'T BELIEVE 9 A GLOBAL REVOLUTION>Y FUTURE1 WE MU/ LIVE 7AS WE 9 FACT ALWAYS HAD TO7 9 ! PRES5T4 ,%ELVES OV]FL[ ) HI/ORIES ( PA/ /RUGGLES & HALLUC9ATIONS ( ! PO/-REVOLUTION>Y FUTURE :IL/ SURPRIS+LY LITTLE HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T AN>*I/ LIFE UND]1 NOT AFT]1 CAPITALISM4 .<#a#i#b.> ,YET ?AT IS :]E MO/ ( US 9 TEMP]ATE REGIONS >E1 & :]E MO/ ( US >E LIKELY TO REMA94 

,! /ATE IS NOT SOME?+ :I* CAN BE DE/ROY$ BY A REVOLUTION1 BUT IS A CONDITION1 A C]TA9 RELATION%IP BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S1 A MODE ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR2 WE DE/ROY IT BY CONTRACT+ O!R RELATION%IPS1 BY BEHAV+ DIFF]5TLY4 

-- ,GU/AV ,L&AU] .<#a#i#c.> 

,9 MANY PLACES WE >E 0BEHAV+ DIFF]5TLY0 BY SPREAD+ LOVE & COOP]ATION ,& RESI/+ &_/OR AVOID+ ?OSE :O W\LD BE \R MA/]S4 ,ONE ( ! /R5G?S ( AN>*I/ CURR5TS HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! DESIRE1 & ATTEMPT1 TO LIVE \R E?ICS N[4 ,ONE DOES NOT NE$ TO BELIEVE1 AS MANY HAVE1 ?AT C\NT]-CULTURES >E PRE-FIGURATIVE TO SEE !IR VALUE4 ,AFT] ALL1 :IL/ 9 MO/ TEMP]ATE PLACES AN>*I/ SUBCULTURES >E NOT 0NEW WORLDS = ! FUTURE0 !Y /ILL REMA9 0B>RACKS & SANCTU>IES = TODAY40 .<#a#i#d.> 

,?IS IS NO?+ NEW1 EV5 IF IT DOES SEEM 79 ITS [N SMALL WAY7 TO ONCE AGA9 BE BECOM+ MORE WIDESPREAD4 ,! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ P]IOD WAS PROPELL$ =W>D PRIM>ILY BY PEASANT 9SURG5CIES 7?9K ,ZAPATA & ! ,MA*NOVI*A7 & ESS5TIALLY BOHEMIAN1 MO/LY URBAN1 AN>*I/ 0C\NT]-SOCIETIES0 7TO USE ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S T]M = ! WORLDS CREAT$ BY ,SPANI% AN>*I/S BE=E ! FASCI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION74 .<#a#i#e.> ,FROM ,SPA9 PRE-#a#i#c#f1 TO ! ,JEWI% AN>*I/S 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ! ILLEGALI/S ( ,FRANCE & ! ,ITALIAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ( ,>G5T9A2 ! 9HABITANTS ( AN>*I/ C\NT]-SOCIETIES W]E ALWAYS1 BY DEF9ITION1 ACTIVE M9ORITIES4 ,! M9ORITIES MAY HAVE GOT L>G] 9 9SURRECTION>Y MOM5TS1 BUT !Y REMA9$ M9ORITIES ALWAYS4 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID = LIB]T>IAN SUBCULTURES EV] S9CE4 ,= ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE LIB]T>IANS 9 TEMP]ATE REGIONS WILL REMA9 M9ORITIES1 EV5 AS POSSIBILITIES = WIDESPREAD AN>*Y >ISE BEYOND ! WALLS4 ,!RE >E MANY ?+S WE CAN DO1 BUT WE CANNOT *ANGE ! FACT ?AT WE WILL NOT BE JO9$ VOLUNT>ILY & ACTIVELY BY MO/ CITIZ5S4 ,WE WILL ALWAYS BE )9 & AGA9/1 & ?IS MAY BECOME 9CREAS+LY DANG]\S = ALL 9VOLV$4 

,I LIVE 9 AN >EA ) A SIZABLE AN>*I/ SUBCULTURE4 ,I LIKE LIV+ AMONG PEOPLE :O MAKE MY LIFE LOVELI] 9 A SOCIETY NOT ( MY *OOS+1 & ) :OM ,I CAN CONT9UE TO 5GAGE 9 RESI/ANCE4 ,SU* CLU/]+ IS UN=TUNATELY ALMO/ DESIGN$ TO ATTRACT UNWANT$ ATT5TION4 ,WE %\LD HOLD NO ILLUSIONS AB\T \R ABILITY TO BE SIMULTANE\SLY OP5 TO ! WORLD YET CLOS$ TO ! /ATE1 BUT 'SECURITY CULTURE' MEASURES CAN M9IMIZE ! DAMAGE4 ,9 ! 5D ?\<1 \R SECURITY RE/S PRIM>ILY ON ! WID] SOCIETY1 NOT SIMPLY ! PRACTICES ( ! SUBCULTURES WE CREATE4 ,GOV]NM5TS W\LD NO D\BT LOCK F> MORE ( US AWAY ?AN !Y DO1 BUT = N[1 9 MANY C\NTRIES AT LEA/1 !RE IS SOME PROTECTION 9 ! /ATE'S FE> ?AT 9CREAS$ REPRESSION RISKS WID5+ RESI/ANCE & MORE G5]ALLY BREAK+ ! SPELL ( ILLUSORY SOCIAL PEACE4 

,C\NT]-CULTURES NE$ EMB$D$ SECURITY TO SURVIVE1 BUT \R MA9 SECURITY LIES HIDD5 9 ! WID] CULTURE4 

,:5 WE *OOSE :I* 9T]V5TIONS_/CAMPAIGNS_//RUGGLES TO FI<T1 & :I* LOCATIONS TO LIVE 91 WE %\LD SELECT !M1 :]E WE CAN1 P>TLY ON !IR POT5TIAL = SOCIAL CONTAGION4 ,= ! PRES5CE ( FACTORS ?AT L9K US1 & \R DESIRES1 E?ICS & NE$S1 TO ?OSE ( ! SURR\ND+ SOCIETY4 ,DO+ SO IS SELF-PROTECTIVE4 ,BEYOND \R [N SECURITY1 *OOS+ BATTLES BAS$ ON :]E PEOPLE ALREADY >E1 & L9K+ ! AN>*IES WE >E GR[+ ) EXI/+ ECOLOGIES1 SOCIAL RELATIONS & GA9S FROM PREVI\S /RUGGLES1 HAS ! SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGE ( MAK+ AN>*Y MORE TRANSLATABLE4 ,AS ,COL9 ,W>D SAID3 

,MANY YE>S ( ATTEMPT+ TO BE AN AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/ HAVE CONV9C$ ME ?AT WE W9 OV] \R FELL[ CITIZ5S TO AN>*I/ IDEAS1 PRECISELY ?R\< DRAW+ UPON ! COMMON EXP]I5CE ( ! 9=MAL1 TRANSI5T1 SELF-ORGANIZ+ NETWORKS ( RELATION%IPS ?AT 9 FACT MAKE ! HUMAN COMMUNITY POSSIBLE1 RA!R ?AN ?R\< ! REJECT+ ( EXI/+ SOCIETY AS A :OLE 9 FAVOR ( SOME FUTURE SOCIETY :]E SOME DIFF]5T K9D ( HUMANITY WILL LIVE 9 P]FECT H>MONY4 .<#a#i#f.> 

,SEEK+ \T O!R ELEM5TS1 O!R ALLIES1 WID] COMPATIBLE 4SOCIAL RELATIONS1 5ABLES US TO LE>N FROM !M1 AID !M -- & BE AID$ 9 RETURN4 ,?AT'S NOT TO SAY WE %\LD DILUTE \RSELVES4 ,WE >E AN>*I/S4 ,:AT /R5G?S WE HAVE >ISE FROM \R DESIRES1 & ACTIVE DECISIONS1 TO LIVE FRE] & WILD]1 AS COMMUNITIES1 AS 9DIVIDUALS2 FALSE UNITY ) AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL =CES ONLY WEAK5S US4 ,9 \R [N SMALL WAYS1 :]E WE EXI/1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE >E GA!R+ RES\RCES & GR[+ CONNECTIONS ( MUTUAL AID 9 ! CITIES1 RE-9HABIT+ & DEF5D+ ! L&1 & TRY+ TO GR[ A FI<T+ SPIRIT4 ,WE CAN DO F> BETT]1 BUT WE HAVE />T$4 

,SUBCULTURES >E P>T ( ! 5COMPASS+ SOCIETY & ?US ONE ( !IR *>ACT]S IS ?AT !IR PRACTICES CAN SEEP \T 9TO ! SURR\ND+ CULTURE1 (T5 9 A DE=M$ WAY BUT NOT ALWAYS 5TIRELY WA%$ CLEAN ( !IR E?ICS & HEAL?9ESS 7OR O!RWISE1 AS ! CASE MAY BE74 ,HORRIFIC AS ! SITUATION TODAY IS1 IT W\LD BE WORSE /ILL IF IT WAS NOT = RESI/ANCE & ! UN=ESE5 EFFECTS ( PEOPLE TRY+ TO LIVE WELL4 ,JU/ AS WE CANNOT 'SAVE ! WORLD'1 WE WILL NOT 'RECLAIM ! FUTURE'2 NEV]!LESS WE WILL BE P>T ( IT4 

,WE >E NOT '! SE$ ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD' BUT ONE ( MANY ELEM5TS FROM :I* ! FUTURE IS =M+4 

,RESI/ MU*1 OBEY LITTLE 

,:5 RESI/ANCE & DES]TION SIGNIFICANTLY ?REAT5 ?OSE 9 P[]1 REPRESSION_/C\NT]-REVOLUTION IS 9EVITABLE4 ,ONE ANSW] TO H[ TO MAKE C\NT]-CULTURES LESS ( A ?REAT TO ?OSE )9 !M W\LD BE TO DRA9 !M ( ANTAGONISM2 MAKE !M OBVI\SLY UN?REAT5+ TO P[]4 ,?IS C\NSEL ( EVASION & NONRESI/ANCE HAS LONG BE5 >TICULAT$ 9 ! LIV$ EXP]I5CE ( AN>*IES BO? \TSIDE CIVILIZATION1 & )94 ,TODAY ?\<1 PUTT+ ASIDE ! E?ICAL ISSUES 9VOLV$1 .<#a#i#g.> ! FACT IS ?AT :ILE Y\ CAN TRY & IGNORE ! /ATE1 IF Y\'RE )9 ITS CONTROLL$ T]RITORY ! *ANCES >E ?AT ! /ATE WON'T IGNORE Y\4 ,?OSE COMMUNITIES ) A L& BASE CAPABLE ( SOME LEVEL ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY WILL /ILL FACE 9T]V5TION1 :IL/ ?OSE IMM]S$ 9 CAPITALISM WILL (T5 HAVE LITTLE OPTION BUT TO LABOR1 & LACK+ RESI/ANCE1 = WORS5+ H\RS & WAGES4 

,ANO!R ANSW]1 & NOTICEABLY IT'S ! ONE MANY ( US HAVE TAK51 EXPLICITLY OR NOT -- IS TO RESI/ 7PREF]ABLY 9 W9NABLE CAMPAIGNS71 BUT B>R+ WID] SOCIAL CRISIS USUALLY AT A SOME:AT MUT$ LEVEL -- ALL ! TIME ATTEMPT+ SOME LEVEL ( 9VISIBILITY4 

,GIV5 :]E WE F9D \RSELVES1 A LOT ( :AT WE ALREADY DO MAKES S5SE1 EV5 :5 ! OV]T JU/IFICATIONS = SU* ACTION REMA9 MIR$ 9 VISIONS ( SALVATION 7AS \TL9$ 9 ,*APT] #a74 ,IRONICALLY1 !SE PRACTICAL ACTIONS >E SOMETIMES AB&ON$ :5 IT IS REALIZ$ 7CORRECTLY7 ?AT !Y WILL NOT LEAD TO ! TRANS=MATION ( ! WORLD4 ,JU/ AS C\NT]-CULTURES_/COMMUNES_/COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE MAY NOT BE EMBRYOS ( A FUTURE MASS AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 DIRECT ACTION MAY NOT LEAD TO ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM2 BUT IT DOES PROTECT SOME ?REAT5$ ECOSY/EMS1 HELPS MANY ( US & /OPS ! FUR!R ]OSION ( SOME LIB]TIES4 ,/RIKES & SYNDICALISM MAY NOT BE /EPS T[>DS A FUTURE AN>*O-COMMUNISM BUT !Y MAY AID SURVIVAL 9 ! H]E & N[ & OP5 UP TIME 9 :I* TO LIVE BETT]4 ,RIOTS MAY NOT LEAD TO REVOLUTION BUT !Y CAN BREAK ! SOCIAL SPELL = MANY4 ,I W\LDN'T PRET5D = A MOM5T ?AT WE >E SIGNIFICANTLY SL[+ ! DEA? M>* ?AT CIVILIZATION IS TAK+ LIFE ON E>?1 BUT ! 0WEAPONS ( ! WEAK0 .<#a#i#h.> >E ! ONES !Y HAVE1 NOT ! ONES !Y DREAM (4 

,! MO/ F]TILE GR\ND = RESI/ANCE OV] ! LA/ #c YE>S HAS BE5 NEI!R 'UND]GR\ND' OR 'ABOVEGR\ND' BUT 9 ! NETWORK$ SPACE BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,AS NOT$ E>LI] 9 DISCUSSION ( 9CREAS$ SURVEILLANCE1 ?IS GR\ND MAY BE DISAPPE>+ FROM UND] \R FEET1 IRRELEVANT ( >GUM5TS ( ITS UTILITY4 ,= RESI/ANCE CULTURES ?AT >E (T5 SKEW$ G5]ATIONALLY T[>DS ! Y\NG IT'S (T5 EASY TO =GET H[ FA/ OPTIONS N>R[4 ,!RE WAS A TIME1 NOT MANY DECADES AGO1 :5 POLICE HAD NO RIOT UNI=MS & HAD TO USE METAL RUBBI% B9 LIDS AS IMPROVIS$ R\ND %IELDS AMID AN 9N]-CITY 9SURG5CY4 ,NOT SO LONG AGO ANIMAL LIB]ATIONI/S C\LD BREAK 9TO LABORATORIES :]E NO MOTION S5SOR W\LD PICK !M UP -- BECAUSE !Y HADN'T BE5 9V5T$4 ,*>ITIES C\LD OP5LY RUN FUNDRAIS+ PU%ES = M$ICAL SUPPORT = >M$ LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS ABROAD 7,S,W,A,P,O7 -- ?R\< ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,/UD5TS6 ,?IS IS NO CALL = #a#i#hS NO/ALGIA -- BY O!RS' REPORTS1 9 MANY WAYS ?+S >E F> BETT] N[2 BUT SOME AV5UES HAVE CLOS$1 & MORE WILL FOLL[ !M4 

,TO AN EXT5T1 A LOT ( ! TYPE ( ACTIONS ?AT WILL BECOME 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT1 ESPECIALLY ! SPECTACUL> /UFF1 C\LD BE DUMP$ ) LITTLE LOSS ANYWAY4 ,(T5 !IR ONLY PURPOSE IS TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL !Y >E ,DO+ ,POLITICS4 .<#a#i#i.> ,H[EV]1 SOME VICTORIES & SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGNS HAVE A*IEV$ REAL GA9S1 DEF5D$ REAL PEOPLE & PLACES1 & (T5 ) TACTICS :I* MAY BE DECREAS+ 9 VIABILITY4 ,:AT1 !N1 >E ! 'O!R SIDE' ?9K+ IS ! FUTURE ( RESI/ANCE8 

,= A />T WE %\LD BE CLE> ?AT WE >E BY NO MEANS VIEW$ AS ! ONLY1 OR EV5 ! MA91 RESI/IVE SOCIAL =CE4 ,UNHAPP9ESS1 POV]TY1 SOCIAL DIVISION1 IRRATIONALITY & ! DESIRE TO FI<T AB\ND1 & MANY 9 ELITES UND]/& ?AT ! POT5TIAL = *AOS IS (T5 B>ELY UND] WRAPS4 ,AS PO9T$ TO E>LI] 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ! RISE ( MEGA-CITIES1 /ATE !ORI/S (T5 DO NOT MAKE ! MI/AKE ( SEE+ ECONOMIC CRIME AS DIVORC$ FROM ! WID] CLASS W>4 ,9 T]MS ( ! /RICTLY 'POLITICAL'1 MANY ACTIVI/S SEEM$ RA!R MIFF$ :5 ,SEPTEMB] #a#a? & ! GR[? ( ,ISLAMIC T]RORISM UP/AG$ ! 'MOVEM5T ( MOVEM5TS' :I* A DECADE AGO WAS MEANT TO BE ! ONLY GAME 9 T[N4 ,! GR[? 7LIMIT$ AS IT IS7 ( NON-/ATE AU?ORIT>IAN ACTORS1 :E!R ,AL-,QA$A WANNABES OR F> RI<T 'RACE SOLDI]S'1 %[S ?AT !RE >E MANY POT5TIALLY 9SURG5T SUBCULTURES BEH9D ! WALLS1 MANY ( :I* >E \R 5EMIES AS MU* AS ! /ATES >E4 

,COLONEL ,?OMAS ,X ,HAMMES 7,U,S ,M>9E ,CORPS7 9 HIS 9FLU5TIAL BOOK1 ,! ,SL+ & ! ,/ONE1 POPUL>IZ$ ! IDEA ( F\R? & FIF? G5]ATION W>4 ,SOME MILIT>Y !ORIES HAVE LONG DIVID$ DIFF]5T =MS ( MOD]N CONFLICT 9TO G5]ATIONS4 ,9 ! MO/ COMMON S*EMA ,FIR/ ,G5]ATION ,W> 7#a,G,W7 IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! EM]G5CE ( CONFLICT 9VOLV+ MASSIVE >MIES CULM9AT+ 9 ! ,NAPOLEONIC ,W>S1 #b,G,W BY 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,W,W,I /YLE CONFLICTS1 & #c,G,W BY ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I /YLE ,BLITZKRIEG4 #d,G,W WAS DEVELOP$ 9 !ORY & PRACTICE BY ,MAO & 9CLUDES1 AMONG O!RS1 ! W>S 9 ,*9A1 ,VIETNAM1 ,SOMALIA1 ,GAZA1 ,IRAQ 7FOLL[+ ! SUCCESSFUL #c,G,W BLITZKRIEG 9VASION71 AS WELL AS ! SO-CALL$ 'W> ON T]ROR4' ,?IS IS A VA/LY SIMPLIFI$ V]SION ( ! S*EME1 BUT Y\ GET ! IDEA4 

,HAMMES SP5DS MO/ ( ! BOOK EXPLA9+ #d,G,W1 PO9T+ \T ?AT ?IS IS A =M ( W> ! ,U,S & CO >E1 & WILL1 BE FI<T+ = SOME TIME1 & ?AT -- AT LEA/ 9 ! #b? C5TURY -- IT IS ! ONLY TYPE ( W> ?AT IT HAS LO/4 ,! ,WE/]N /ATES HAVE MO/LY BE5 PRETTY SUCCESSFUL 9 /OPP+ #d,G,W 'T]ROR 9CID5TS' HAPP5+ )9 !IR BORD]S = A :OLE HO/ ( REASONS1 NOT LEA/ ( :I* HAS BE5 !IR 9CREAS+ CAPACITY = EFFECTIVE SURVEILLANCE ( NETWORKS4 ,HAMMES /ATES ?AT 0,F\R? G5]ATION W> IS MORE ?AN SEV5TY YE>S OLD & IS REA*+ MATURITY40 0,:ILE WE >E ONLY BEG9N+ TO UND]/& IT CLE>LY1 HI/ORY TELLS US ! FIF? G5]ATION HAS ALREADY BEGUN TO EVOLVE40 ,HE'S OP5 AB\T SAY+ IT'S TOO E>LY TO TELL BUT HIS BE/ GUESS IS ?AT #e,G,W MAY BE C>RI$ \T BY 0SUP]-EMP[]$ 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL GR\PS0 :O1 UNLIKE #d,G,W1 >E NOT EMB$D$ )9 WID] NETWORKS1 & !RE=E F> LESS VISIBLE4 ,?IS IS PRETTY MU* A DESCRIPTION ( H[ MU* ( ! ,E,L,F & ,A,L,F HAVE PORTRAY$ !MSELVES1 ?\< R>ELY A DESCRIPTION ( REALITY -- AS ! SUCCESSFUL REPRESSION ( NETWORKS FROM '#hS ANIMAL LIB]ATION TO ! '#iS GRE5 SC>E %[4 ,IT ALSO RESONATES SOME:AT ) ! 9CREAS+ APPE>ANCE ( 'LONE WOLF ATTACKS ACROSS ! OPPOSITIONAL SPECTRUM4 ,IT'S WOR? PO9T+ \T ?AT 0SUP]-EMP[]$0 9 ,HAMMES' S5SE DOESN'T JU/ MEAN AN OV]ABUNDANCE ( ,NIETZ*EAN SELF BELIEF1 BUT ! =CE-MAGNIFY+ EFFECT ( HI< TE*NOLOGY4 .<#b.> 

,E>LI] WE LOOK$ AT MILIT>Y ?9K+ AB\T 9SURG5CY 9 ! NEW MEGA-CITIES ( ! MAJORITY WORLD1 BUT ?OSE :O W\LD MA9TA9 ! SUBMISSIVE PEACE ALSO REMEMB] ! ,L,A ,UPRIS+ & >E RAPIDLY MILIT>IZ+ AS !Y AWAIT ITS RETURN4 ,! EXT5T ( APOCALYPTIC ?9K+ AMONG ELITES 7& ! FAILURE ( OPPRESS$ CLASSES TO (T5 LIVE UP TO !M7 WAS MO/ EVID5T 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ,HURRICANE ,KATR9A4 ,YET EV5 9 ! DAY-TO-DAY ABS5CE ( SU* UPRIS+S !RE >E1 & WILL BE1 OPPORTUNITIES TO 9T]V5E & P>TICIPATE 9 MOM5TS ( WID] SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL /RUGGLE2 TO %[ LEAD]%IP FROM BEL[1 HELP 9/ILL A FI<T+ SPIRIT & PROVIDE IMPORTANT 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,SUCCESS (T5 COMES :5 UPSURGES SEEM TO APPE> \T ( NO:]E1 BUT B5EFIT FROM ! WILL & EXP]I5CE RESID+ 9 E/ABLI%$ COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE4 ,POLITICOS (T5 WANT TO PU% !SE MOM5TS BEYOND !IR NATURAL LIFESPAN1 BUT MOM5TUM LA/S ONLY SO LONG1 & IT DOESN'T TAKE MU* TIME = ! /ATE TO ORGANIZE4 ,SU* SITUATIONS WILL NOT BE ! F\NDATION = A TOTAL LIB]T>IAN TRANS=MATION ( ! WORLD1 YET !Y DO HAVE A *ANCE ( OCCASIONALLY A*IEV+ REAL CLASS GA9S1 DEF5D+ COMMUNITIES & ECOLOGIES1 MAK+ PEOPLE SAF]1 %[+ PEOPLE !IR [N CAPACITY1 & BREAK+ SOCIAL SPELLS4 .<#b#a.> ,!Y CAN1 OBVI\SLY1 BE CO/LY1 BO? 9 T]MS ( REPRESSION & ! CALM+ P[] ( HAV+ LET (F /EAM4 ,WE %\LD ALSO BE UND] NO ILLUSION ?AT AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL =CES -- ON BO? SIDES ( ! B>RICADES -- WILL NOT TRY & CONTROL SU* MOM5TS = !IR [N USES4 

,IT SEEMS !N1 AT LEA/ 9 ! M9DS ( SOME ( \R 5EMIES1 ?AT ! MA9 (F5SIVE =MS ?AT RESI/ANCE WILL TAKE 9 MORE SURVEY$ & GRAT+ FUTURE TEMP]ATE WORLDS1 WILL BE ?OSE ( UN-NETWORK$ SUP]-EMP[]$ SMALL GR\PS 7& 9DIVIDUALS7 & L>GELY UNMANAG$ EPISODES ( MASS SOCIAL OPPOSITION4 ,= N[1 A MIDDLE GR\ND ALSO EXI/S -- MO/LY OCCUPI$ BY ACTIVISM & CRIME -- BUT MAYBE = NOT MU* LONG]4 ,AS ,I SAID E>LI]1 SUBV]SIVE ACTIONS S]VE ! NE$S ( P[] AS WELL AS LIB]TY1 SO TOL]ATION MAY LA/ LONG] ?AN /RICTLY TE*NOLOGICALLY NECESS>Y IF IT PLAYS ! ROLE ( 9HIBIT+ EM]G+ =MS ( ACTION4 ,IT %\LD ALSO BE OBVI\S ?AT ! OPPOSITIONAL =MS SO F> M5TION$ -- EXI/5T OR YET TO APPE> -- >E ME?ODS ( OPPOSITION1 NOT 5ABL]S ( TRANSC5D5CE OR 5D+4 ,?IS WILL NOT /OP !M BE+ CLAIM$ AS SU*4 ,9 \R CIRCLES SOME COMMUNI/S WILL NO D\BT SEE SOCIAL /RUGGLES & \TBREAKS ( DISORD] AS LEAD+ TO TRANSC5D5CE1 :ILE SOME PRIMITIVI/S WILL SEE #e,G,W AS A WAY ( 5D+ CIVILIZATION 9 ITS HE>TL&S4 

,SITUATIONS 9 F> (F L&S ALSO CALL1 & ?OSE BEH9D ! WALLS CAN GET \T -- AT LEA/ AT ! MOM5T4 ,IT IS (T5 DANG]\S TO GO :]E BATTLE-/ORMS >E BREW+1 POT5TIALITY = AN>*IES OP5+ UP & ECOLOGIES NE$+ DEF5SE1 BUT SOME ALWAYS 0PREF] LIB]TY ) DANG] OV] PEACE ) SLAV]Y40 .<#b#b.> ,EV5 SOME ( ?OSE :O DON'T1 MAY FEEL AN OBLIGATION TO FI<T1 EI!R TO A LEVEL ?AT MAY BE UNSU/A9ABLE UND] SURVEILLANCE /ATES1 OR ) WILD PLACES & PEOPLES1 :I* 9 MU*1 BUT BY NO MEANS ALL1 ( ! TEMP]ATE WORLD1 >E 9CREAS+LY FEW & F> BETWE54 ,DESPITE ! D5IALS1 CIVILIZATIONS /ILL HAVE MANY \TSIDES1 & AS ,I HAVE >GU$ 9 E>LI] *APT]S GLOBAL HEAT+ WILL PROBABLY EXP& MANY ( !M4 

,LOVE1 HEAL? & 9SURRECTION 

,IT IS MY OP9ION ?AT ! SITUATION IS HOPELESS1 ?AT ! HUMAN RACE HAS PRODUC$ AN ECOLOGICAL TIP OV] PO9T444 BUT ASSUM+ !RE IS A POSSIBILITY ( *ANG+ ! SOCIETIES 0C\RSE 9 ! D>KNESS DEA?W>D SET01 IT CAN ONLY BE DONE BY 9FECTION1 9FILTRATION1 DIFFUSION & IMP]CEPTIBILITY1 MICROSCOPICALLY ?R\<\T ! SOCIAL ORGANISM1 LIKE ! 9VISIBLE PELLETS ( A DISEASE CALL$ ,HEAL?4 

-- ,K5NE? ,REXRO?1 ,AN>*I/ & ,POET1 ,JULY #aifi .<#b#c.> 

,WE HAVE *OS5 TO BE AN>*I/S1 PRESUMABLY AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 BECAUSE WE FEEL IT IS MORE HEAL?Y & E?ICAL TO BE SO4 ,IT IS BETT] NOT TO BE BOSSES & S]VANTS 9 \R 9TIMATE & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,TURN+ ! PA9 WE FEEL 9TO RESI/ANCE IS BETT] ?AN TURN+ IT ON EA* O!R1 \R [N CLASS & \R [N BODIES4 ,IT IS 5VIRONM5TALLY HEAL?I] 7TO USE A DEGRAD$ T]M7 TO DEF5D WILD FRE$OMS ?AN LET ALL ( E>? BECOME CIVILIZATION'S T]RITORY4 

,IF ,REXRO? W]E ALIVE TODAY HE W\LD NOT BE SURPRIS$ ?AT IT'S N[ PROBABLY TOO LATE TO *ANGE ! 0C\RSE 9 ! D>KNESS DEA?W>D SET04 ,YET ?OSE ( US :O HAVE *OS5 TO BE AN>*I/1 9 SOME ( ! MO/ DOME/ICAT$ PLACES ON E>?1 /ILL NE$ TO F9D EA* O!R -- BO? TO BE EFFECTIVE & TO BE SOCIALLY R\ND$4 ,WE HAVE TO MA9TA9 SOME 9VISIBILITY FROM P[] :IL/ /ILL BE+ SOCIALLY PRES5T 5\< TO BE CONTAGI\S4 

,TOO (T5 SOME PEOPLE'S ACTIVISM RESEMBLES ! MANIC PHASE ( BI-POL> DISORD]4 ,?IS IS FOLL[$ 9EVITABLY BY A DEPRESSIVE PHASE1 :I* ONCE HAV+ DISILLUSION$ FOLKS ( FEEL+S ( OMNIPOT5CE ONLY RE9=CES ILLUSIONS ( P[]LESSNESS4 ,TO BECOME /RONG] & HEAL?I]1 & 5C\RAGE & SUPPORT O!RS TO DO SO1 IT IS S5SIBLE TO SET \RSELVES REALIZABLE %ORT T]M GOALS1 RA!R ?AN ADOPT+ AN ALL OR NO?+ P]SPECTIVE4 ,?IS IS ! CASE :E!R IT IS 9 :AT WE WANT \R RESI/ANCE TO A*IEVE1 :AT WE WANT TO ACTIVELY CREATE1 :AT WE WANT TO LE>N OR SIMPLY :AT WE WANT TO BECOME4 ,9 ?IS WAY \R CONSCI\S ACTION CAN TAKE ON ! FUNCTION ( COLLECTIVE !RAPY1 MAK+ \R LIVES MEASURABLY IMPROV$ = BE+ AN>*I/S1 :IL/ A*IEV+ WID] SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL GA9S4 ,!RE >E MANY ANSW]S ON H[ WE CAN DO ?IS4 

,WE >E AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ON ! %OP FLOOR1 GRE5 AN>*I/S 9 ! WOODS1 SOCIAL AN>*I/S 9 \R COMMUNITIES1 9DIVIDUALI/S :5 Y\ CAT* US ALONE1 AN>*O-COMMUNI/S :5 !RE'S SOME?+ TO %>E1 9SURRECTIONI/S :5 WE /RIKE A BL[4 .<#b#d.> 

,AN ,AN>*ISM ) PL5TY ( ADJECTIVES1 BUT ONE ?AT ALSO SETS & A*IEVES OBJECTIVES1 CAN HAVE A WOND]FUL PRES5T & /ILL HAVE A FUTURE2 EV5 :5 FUNDAM5TALLY \T ( ! /EP ) ! WORLD >\ND IT4 ,!RE IS SO MU* WE CAN DO1 A*IEVE1 DEF5D & BE2 EV5 H]E1 :]E UN=TUNATELY CIVILIZATION PROBABLY /ILL HAS A FUTURE4 

#a4 ,DES]T 

,H]E ,I HAVE TRI$ TO MAP PRES5T & PLAUSIBLE FUTURES :IL/ CALL+ = A DES]TION FROM OLD ILLUSIONS & UNW9NABLE BATTLES 9 FAVOR ( ! POSSIBLE4 ,I W\LD HOPE ?AT ! IMPLICIT CALL ?R\<\T1 = US TO 9DIVIDUALLY & COLLECTIVELY DES]T ! CAUSE ( CLASS SOCIETY_/CIVILIZATION1 WAS CLE>4 ,YET ,I CAN ALREADY HE> ! ACCUSATIONS FROM MY [N CAMP2 ACCUSATIONS ( DES]T+ ! CAUSE ( ,REVOLUTION1 DES]T+ ! /RUGGLE = ,ANO!R ,WORLD4 ,SU* ACCUSATIONS >E CORRECT4 ,I W\LD REJO9 ?AT SU* MILL5>IAN & PROGRESSIVE MY?S >E AT ! V]Y CORE ( ! EXPANSION ( P[]4 ,WE CAN BE MORE AN>*IC ?AN ?AT4 

,MU* ( ?IS PIECE HAS BE5 'BIG PICTURE'1 BUT ?AT %\LD NOT DETRACT FROM ! TRUE VALUE ( ! H&S ON1 ! LOCAL1 \R EMOTIONAL RELATION%IPS & DAY TO DAY PROJECTS4 ,! FUTURE %\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO =ECLOSE ON TODAY1 EV5 IF TODAY IS =ECLOS+ SOME POSSIBILITIES 9 ! FUTURE4 ,NO FUTURE IS WOR? LIV+ OR FI<T+ = ?AT IS NOT EXI/5T 9 ! PRES5T4 

,NONE ( :AT ,I HAVE \TL9$ 9 ?IS PIECE IS AMAZ+LY REVELATORY2 9 ! AN>*I/ COMMUNITY ,I LIVE 9 SOME MIX ( !SE IDEAS >E (T5 FELT TO BE COMMON S5SE4 ,9 O!RS ,I ?9K ?IS IS ! CASE TOO4 ,ONE W\LD H[EV] NOT KN[ ?AT FROM \R OV]T /AT$ POSITIONS EI!R 9 TEXT OR (T5 9 ! WAY WE TALK TO EA* O!R4 ,IT'S ALMO/ AS ?\< WE FEEL WE HAVE !SE VIEWS1 DESPITE BE+ AN>*I/S4 ,YET1 AS ,I HAVE \TL9$1 ,I FEEL DISC>D+ PROGRESSIVE & REVOLUTION>Y >TICLES ( FAI? CAN MAKE US /RONG]1 FRE] & M5TALLY HEAL?I]4 

,TO BE DISILLUSION$ -- ) ',GLOBAL ,REVOLUTION' & ) \R CAPACITY TO ',SAVE ! ,E>?' -- %\LD NOT ALT] \R AN>*I/ NATURE1 OR ! LOVE ( NATURE WE FEEL AS AN>*I/S4 ,!RE >E MANY POSSIBILITIES = LIB]TY & WILDNESS /ILL4 ,:AT >E SOME ( !SE POSSIBILITIES & H[ CAN WE LIVE !M8 ,:AT OBJECTIVES1 :AT PLANS1 :AT LIVES1 :AT ADV5TURES >E !RE :5 ! ILLUSIONS >E SET ASIDE & WE WALK 9TO ! WORLD NOT DISABL$ BY DISILLUSIONM5T BUT UNBURD5$ BY IT8 

,IF ,I CROSS ! RIV] WILL Y\ CROSS ! RIV]  

,OR DR[N 9 ?IS DES]T1 ?IS EMPTY CUP WE'RE DR9K+ FROM  

,IF WE >E BEA/S1 WE >E NOT BEA/S ( BURD5  

,SO RIDE ALONE1 OR RIDE ) MANY O!RS  

,JU/ RIDE AWAY AS FA/ AS Y\ CAN4 

-- ,BLACKBIRD ,RAUM1 ,VALKYRIE ,HORSE:IP ,REEL .<#b#e.> 

  

.<#a.> ,NO1 NOT ,D]RICK ,J5S5 BUT ,JOHN ,CLEESE6  -- ,CLOCKWISE4 ,FILM4 ,*RI/OPH] ,MORAHAN4 #a#i#h#f2 ,LONDON1 ,?ORN ,E,M,I ,SCRE5 ,5T]TA9-M5T4 

.<#b.> ,JOHN ,GRAY1 ,AL ,QU$A & ,:AT ,IT ,MEANS TO ,BE ,MOD]N 7,LONDON3 ,! ,NEW ,PRESS1 #b#c71 P4 #g4 

.<#c.> ,:ILE ,I KN[ NO-ONE P]SONALLY :O PR(ESSES ?IS TODAY1 ,AN>*ISM AS ! TELOS ( HUMAN HI/ORY IS /ILL PRES5T 9 \R PROPAG&A4 ,AS LATE AS #bf 9 :AT ,I W\LD SAY IS ! MO/ ACCESSIBLE & BY F> ! MO/ VISUALLY BEAUTIFUL 9TRODUCTORY BOOK TO ,AN>*Y IT IS /AT$3 0?AT ! G5]AL DIRECTION ( HUMAN HI/ORY WAS CONT9UALLY T[>DS LIB]TY1 9 SPITE ( ANY?+ ?AT AU?ORITY IMPOS$1 & ?AT FUR!R PROGRESS WAS 9EVITABLE444 ,SOCIETY IS NATURALLY DEVELOP+ TO SECURE A LIFE ( WELL BE+ = ALL1 9 :I* COLLECTIVE PRODUCTIVITY WILL BE PUT TO COLLECTIVE USE -- ,AN>*ISM40 -- ,CLIF=D ,H>P] REF]R+ APPROV+LY TO ,PET] ,KROPOTK9'S ',SCI5TIFIC BASIS = ,AN>*ISM'1 91 ,CLIF=D ,H>P]1 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,GRAPHIC ,GUIDE 7,LONDON3 ,CAMD5 ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#g71 P4 #e#i4 

.<#d.> ,! IDEA ( ! MILL5NIUM IMPLICIT 9 ! '5D ( HI/ORY' AFFECTS ! RUL]S AS WELL AS ! RUL$4 

.<#e.> ,?\< ! 'GLOBAL' DAY ( ACTION ?AT >GUABLY KICK$ (F ?IS P]IOD1 ,J#a#h #a#i#i#i1 WAS NAM$ BY ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS 7,LONDON7 AS ! ',C>NIVAL AGA9/ ,CAPITAL'1 !RE IS LITTLE EVID5CE ?AT MO/ :O P>TICIPAT$ ELSE:]E 7ESPECIALLY \TSIDE ! ,WE/7 SAW !MSELVES AS ANTI-CAPITALI/1 EI!R !N OR 9 ! SUBSEQU5T P]IOD4 ,PEOPLES ,GLOBAL ,ACTION -- ! MA9 NETWORK ?AT !N L9K$ AN>*I/S_/ACTIVI/ GR\PS 9 ! ,WE/ TO ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! ,MAJORITY ,WORLD -- WAS NEV] REALLY ?AT GLOBAL & ITS SCALE WAS (T5 EXAGG]AT$4 

.<#f.> ,AS ! ABS5CE ( ANY GLOBAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ CAPITALISM IS SO OBVI\S1 ?OSE ) A DESIRE TO BELIEVE 9 ONE HAVE TO GO TO IMPRESSIVE M5TAL L5G?S4 ,IGNOR+ ! GR&-/&+ ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT1 ! MA9 TE*NIQUE 9 \R CIRCLES IS TO ?9K ( ALL ! DIFFUSE /RUGGLES & MOM5TS ( P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE RESI/ANCE IMPLICIT 9 CLASS /RUGGLE1 & !N JO9 !M TOGE!R BY NAM+ !M3 COMMUNISM1 ! MOVEM5T ( MOVEM5TS1 ! MULTITUDE -- TAKE Y\R PICK4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY ?IS IS AN EXAMPLE ( MAGICAL ?9K+1 BY CATEGORIZ+ & NAM+ ! DIFFUSE & 9VISIBLE IT BECOMES REAL4 ,! ?+ CAN !N BE GIV5 ATTRIBUTES & DESIRES CAN BE PROJECT$ ON TO IT -- UNSURPRIS+LY (T5 EXACTLY ! SAME DESIRES ! IMAG9] W\LD LIKE TO SEE 9 A MOVEM5T :I* EXPRESS$ !IR POLITICS4 ,?AT !SE 9CID5TS ( /RUGGLE MI<T BE BE+ C>RI$ \T BY PEOPLE ) FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T BELIEFS1 DESIRES & NE$S IS UNIMPORTANT1 = IT IS ! IMAG9>Y CON/RUCT ?AT MATT]S1 NOT ITS ACTUAL CONT5T4 

.<#g.> ,&REW ,FLOOD1 ',S#b#f 9 ,IREL& & ! ,ORIG9S ( ! ,ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T'1 ,WORK]S ,SOLID>ITY ,MOVEM5T 7,IREL&71 #a#c? ,SEPTEMB] #b4 

.<#h.> ,U,K ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 ,RESI/ANCE1 ,MAY #b#i1 P4 #d4 ,!SE QUOTES >E JU/ ILLU/RATIONS -- Y\ C\LD F9D MANY SIMIL> ONES Y\RSELF4 ,DON'T TAKE IT AS A DIG IF Y\ >E ALLI$ TO !SE ORGANIZATIONS_/T5D5CIES4 ,MANY ( Y\ ,I KN[ >E DO+ GREAT /UFF & >E LOVELY PEOPLE :O ,I HAVE %>$ LAU<S & /RUGGLES )4 

.<#i.> ,I USE ! PHRASE1 'SOCIAL MOVEM5T AN>*I/S'1 TO MEAN ?OSE ( US :O SELF-LABEL AS AN>*I/S1 & FEEL ALLI$ SOME:AT1 TO L>GELY WE/]N ORIG9AT$1 AN>*I/ TRADITIONS4 ,MANY PEOPLES & 9DIVIDUALS HAVE1 & DO1 LIVE AN>*I/_/ACEPHAL\S LIVES1 )\T ANY L9K TO \R RELATIVELY MOD]N SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,I WRITE AB\T !SE O!R AN>*I/S 9 ,*APT] #d -- ,AFRICAN ,ROADS TO ,AN>*Y 

.<#a.> ,/ATEM5TS ?AT REF] TO BUILD+ OR GR[+ ! NEW SOCIETY 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD >E RELATIVELY COMMON 9 LIB]T>IAN WRIT+4 ,?\< ! CONCEPT PR$ATES IT1 ! ORIG9 ( !SE PHRASES IS ?\<T TO BE ! C5TURY OLD PREAMBLE ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD3 0,BY ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RIALLY WE >E =M+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD40 

.<#a#a.> ,SURE ! WEB CONNECTS ! GLOBE1 BUT MO/ ( US 5D UP HE>+ MA9LY PEOPLE JU/ LIKE \RSELVES3 0,WE 5D UP )9 !SE FILT] BUBBLES444 :]E WE SEE ! PEOPLE WE ALREADY KN[ & ! PEOPLE :O >E SIMIL> TO ! PEOPLE WE ALREADY KN[4 ,& WE T5D NOT TO SEE ! WID] PICTURE40 ,E?AN ,ZUCK]-MAN1 ,LI/5+ TO ,GLOBAL ,VOICES1 ,T,$1 7WWW4 T$4COM74 

.<#a#b.> ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #g#d4 

.<#a#c.> ,SEAWE$1 ,L& & ,LIB]TY3 ,T[>D AN ORGANICALLY SELF-ORGANIZ$ SUBSI/5CE MOVEM5T1 7 ',OCCUPI$ ,ISLES ( ,BRITI% ,COLUMBIA'3 ,SELF ,PUBLI%$1 #b#b74 ,AVAILABLE ONL9E3 7WWW4 ANTI-POLITICS4NET_/DI/RO74 

.<#a#d.> ,WE />T$ TO BE DEFEAT$ ON ! /REETS BY ! POLICE1 BOR$ BY ! R\T9E1 9FILTRAT$ BY ! LEFT1 9TIMIDAT$ BY L5G?Y PRISON S5T5CES1 OV]%AD[$ BY ,ISLAMI/ 9SURG5CE & ,WE/]N W>S ( 9VASION1 WAT]$ D[N BY IMM]SION 9 ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T & !N WEAK5$ BY ITS FAILURE4 ,SOME KEY /RUGGLES W]E ON SOME LEVELS WON 7,G,M ,T]M9ATOR TE*NOLOGY /ALL$ & ,W,T,O NEGOTIATIONS IMPLOD$71 MANY MIGRAT$ TO MORE ADVANTAGE\S 7OR DRAMATIC7 T]RA9S ( /RAGGLE1 SOME BATTLES MOV$ BEYOND :AT WAS G5]ALLY ACCEPTABLE4 ,MANY CONSOLIDAT$ LOCALLY &_/OR AB&ON$ ILLUSIONS AB\T ! MASS & ! SPECTACUL>4 ,MYRIAD 'NONPOLITICAL' ISSUES ( EV]YDAY LIFE -- KIDS1 G5]ATIONAL %IFT1 DEPRESSION1 DEA? & EMPLOYM5T -- %\LD ALSO NOT BE UND]E/IMAT$4 

.<#a#e.> ,AP>T FROM BE+ HOPELESSLY ,U,S,A-C5TRIC ?IS WAS SURELY ANO!R EXAMPLE ( FUNDAM5TALLY MAGICAL ?9K+4 ,ONE WOND]S IF AN EQUATION ?AT CONCLUD$ ,COP5HAG5 "7 ,SEATTLE W\LD HAVE BE5 AS POPUL> IF ,C,O,P #ae HAD OCCURR$ NE> ! SIX? ANNIV]S>Y ( ,SEATTLE RA!R ?AN ! NUM]ICALLY ELEGANT T5 YE> ANNIV]S>Y4 

.<#a#f.> ,! #a4#a4#a DAY ORGANIZ$ BY #c#e4ORG SAW #a#f"4 EV5TS 9 #ace C\NTRIES1 MO/LY ( ! RITUALI/IC TREE PLANT+_/LI<T BULB *ANG+ V>IETY ?\< ALSO APPROPRIATELY ) ! OPTION ( 'FAI? WORK'4 

.<#a#g.> ,JOHN ,SAUV5 -- ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR ( ,GRE5PEACE ,U,K1 ',GLOBAL COLLECTIVE ACTION IS ! KEY TO SOLV+ CLIMATE *ANGE'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #af ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 P4 #c#c4 

.<#a#h.> ,SEE ! SADLY N[ EVICT$ ,MA9%ILL ,SOLID>ITY ,CAMP OR ! SUCCESSFUL ,CLIMATE ,CAMP L9K$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! EXPANSION ( ,HEA?R[ ,AIRPORT4 

.<#a#i.> ,SOME ( ! GR\PS ALLI$ TO ,TRANSITION ,T[NS W\LD BE ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE1 AT LEA/ 9 ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES4 

.<#b.> ,SEE ,TADZIO ,MULL] & ,B5 ,TROTT1 ,H[ TO ,9/ITUTIONALIZE A ,SW>M87 WWW4ZEITS*RIFT-LUXEMBURG4DE_/8P"7#d#a#b74 

.<#b#a.> ,Y\ >E ,N[ ,FUCK$1 ,NATT]JACK ,PRESS1 7WWW4 NATT]JACKPRESS4CO4UK_/M5U_/D[NLOADS4PHP74 ,! TITLE REF]S TO A ,CLIMATE ,CAMP LEAFLET ! FRONT COV] ( :I* WAS SIMPLY ! TEXT 0,Y\ >E ,NOT ,FUCK$04 

.<#b#b.> ,UNLESS ( C\RSE CLIMATE *ANGE REA*ES ONE ( ! TRULY ,5D ,TIMES POSSIBILITIES \TL9$ WELL BY ,M>K ,LYNAS 9 HIS DESCRIPTION ( ! 5D-,P]MIAN WIPE\T4 ,?IS IS A POSSIBILITY444 ,M>K ,LYNAS1 ,SIX ,DEGREES3 ,\R ,FUTURE ON A ,HOTT] ,PLANET 7,LONDON3 ,H>P],COLL9S1 #b#g71 P4 #b#d#c4 

.<#b#c.> ,! #ba ,WORLD ,PEOPLE'S ,CONF]5CE ON ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ! ,RI<TS ( ,MO!R ,E>? WAS CALL$ = & HO/$ BY ! ,BOLIVIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,= A GOOD AN>*I/ CRITIQUE SEE3 ,D>IU% ,SOKOLOV1 ',CO*ABAMBA3 ,BEYOND ! ,COMPLEX -- ,AN>*I/ ,PRIDE'1 ,%IFT ,MAGAZ9E ,NO4 #i1 #b#a4 ,A F> MORE PRO -- IF /ILL SOME:AT QUE/ION+ -- APPROA* TO ! CONF]5CE CAN BE F\ND 93 ,BUILD+ ,BRIDGES ,COLLECTIVE1 ,SPACE = ,MOVEM5T8 ,REFLECTIONS FROM ,BOLIVIA ON CLIMATE JU/ICE1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & ! /ATE 7,BRI/OL3 ,SELF-PUBLI%$1 #b#a74 

.<#b#d.> ,QUOT$ 91 ,*RI/OPH] ,MANES1 ,GRE5 ,RAGE3 ,RADICAL ,5VIRONM5TALISM & ! ,UNMAK+ ( ,CIVILIZATION 7,BO/ON3 ,LITTLE ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#i71 P4 #b#e4 

.<#b#e.> ,$W>D ,GOLDSMI? ET AL1 #e ,DAYS TO ,SAVE ! ,PLANET 7,LONDON3 ,HAMLYN1 #a#i#i74 

.<#b#f.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ON ! ,LIV+ ,E>?1 ,LECTURE AT ,! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY1 #bi ,OCTOB] #b#g4 

.<#b#g.> ,HIS PRO-NUCLE> /ANCE IS PRACTICAL IF Y\ >E PRO-CIVILIZATION LIKE HE IS4 ,HE DOES NOT SAY ?AT NUCLE> P[] IS ! SOLUTION TO GLOBAL HEAT+ :I* HE SEES AS N[ 9EVITABLE4 ,HE ?9KS NUCLE> FISSION & EV5TUALLY NUCLE> FUSION >E ! ONLY TE*NOLOGIES CAPABLE ( 'KEEP+ ! LI<TS ON' AS CIVILIZATION RETREATS4 ,AS SOMEONE :O WANTS ! LI<TS TO GO \T1 ,I CAN SEE ! LOGIC ( HIS >GUM5TS BUT WANT+ ! OPPOSITE HAVE NO NE$ TO AGREE ) HIS /ANCE OR REJECT HIS WID] >GUM5TS BECAUSE ( IT4 

.<#b#h.> ,>GUABLY ! BOOK ?AT LAUN*$ ! 5VIRONM5TAL 7RA!R ?AN CONS]VATION7 MOVEM5T4 

.<#b#i.> ,H]E IT IS LESS ! SCI5CE ITSELF :I* IS AT QUE/ION BUT ITS PRES5TATION 9 ! POLICY-MAK]S SUMM>Y1 ! $IT+ & WORD+ ( :I* DOES COME UND] SOME LEVEL ( GOV]NM5TAL PRESSURE4 ,O!RS 9 ! FIELD HAVE ALSO CALL$ = 9CREAS$ 9DEP5D5CE FROM GOV]NM5TS3 ',I,P,C,C3 *]I% IT1 TWEAK IT OR SCRAP IT8'1 91 ,NATURE 1 #aa ,FEBRU>Y #b#a4 

.<#c.> ,9DU/RIAL POLLUTION HAS 9CREAS$ A]OSOL P>TICLES 9 ! ATMOSPH]E :I* >E ?\<T TO REFLECT SUNLI<T BACK 9TO SPACE & SE$ CL\DS4 ,IF ONE C\LD SOMEH[ TURN (F GLOBAL 9DU/RY TOMORR[1 ?IS DIMM+ EFFECT W\LD DISAPPE> & SURFACE TEMP]ATURES C\LD RISE SIGNIFICANTLY1 ALMO/ IMM$IATELY4 ,?IS C\LD PU% FE$BACK ME*ANISMS 9TO PLACE1 ) MASSIVE 9CREASES 9 GRE5H\SE GASES BE+ EMITT$ BY NON-HUMAN MANAG$ SY/EMS4 ,LOVELOCK SAYS = ?IS REASON HE ?9KS WE >E LIV+ 9 A 0FOOL'S CLIMATE0 -- DAMN$ IF WE DO & DAMN$ IF WE DON'T4 ,H]E ,I HAVE \TL9$ A V]Y SIMPLE 7& !RE=E FLAW$7 PICTURE ( A V]Y COMPLEX PROCESS4 ,= A BETT] /AT+ ( ! !ORY1 SEE ,ME9RAT ,&REAE ET AL4 ',/RONG PRES5T-DAY A]OSOL COOL+ IMPLIES A HOT FUTURE'1 91 ,NATURE1 #c ,JUNE #b#e4 ,= A MORE APPROA*ABLE 7IF SIMPLI/IC & P>TIALLY \T ( DATE7 9TRO TO GLOBAL DIMM+ WAT* ,B,B,C'S #be ',GLOBAL ,DIMM+' DOCUM5T>Y1 7WWW4BBC4CO4UK_/SN_/TVRADIO_/PROGRAMS_/HORIZON_/DIMM+.-TRANS4%TML74 ,! MASK+ AFFECT IS N[ WIDELY ACCEPT$ BUT ITS EXT5T IS /ILL UNKN[N4 ,= 9/ANCE 9 A #bh /UDY BY ! ,MET ,(FICE ,HADLEY ,C5T] MODELS %[$ EI!R A MODE/ OR SEV]E 9CREASE 9 HEAT+ FOLL[+ A SUDD5 REMOVAL ( HAZE4 ,EI!R WAY 0,IT IS V]Y LIKELY ?AT PRES5T-DAY A]OSOL COOL+ IS SUPPRESS+ A MAJOR PORTION ( CURR5T GRE5H\SE W>M+40 -- ,PET] ,/OTT ET AL41 ',OBS]V$ CLIMATE *ANGE CON/RA9S ! LIKELIHOOD ( EXTREME FUTURE GLOBAL W>M+'1 91 ,TELLUS ,B1 #f3 PP4 #g#f-#h#a1 #b#h4 ,AMONG ! ADVOCATES ( PURPOSEFUL GEO-5G9E]+ ! IDEA ( 9CREAS+ GLOBAL DIMM+ BY DUMP+ SULFATES 9TO ! /RATOSPH]E SEEMS TO BE GA9+ SUPPORT1 OH JOY44 ,IT'S WOR? UND]L9+ ?AT BY ! TIME Y\ READ ?IS MU* ( ! SCI5CE WILL HAVE BE5 SUP]S$$_/ADVANC$4 

.<#c#a.> ,PROCE$+S ( ! ,SEPTEMB] #bi CONF]5CE -- '#d ,DEGREES & ,BEYOND3 ,IMPLICATIONS ( A GLOBAL *ANGE ( #d PLUS DEGREES = PEOPLE1 ECOSY/EMS & ! E>?-SY/EM'1 JO9TLY SPONSOR$ BY ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,OX=D1 ! ,TYNDALL ,C5T] = ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ,RESE>*1 & ! ,MET ,(FICE ,HADLEY ,C5T]1 WWW4ECI4OX4AC4UK_/#dDEGREES 

.<#c#b.> ,BOB ,WATSON1 QUOT$ 91 ',H[ TO ,SURVIVE ! ,COM+ ,C5TURY'1 ,NEW ,SCI5TI/1 #be ,FEBRU>Y #b#i4 

.<#c#c.> ,QUOT$ 91 ',H[ TO ,SURVIVE ! ,COM+ ,C5TURY'1 ,NEW ,SCI5TI/1 #be ,FEBRU>Y #b#i4 

.<#c#d.> ,JAMES ,HANS51 QUOT$ BY ,BILL ,MC,KIBB51 91 ',CIVILIZATIONS ,LA/ ,*ANCE'1 ,LOS ,ANGELES ,TIMES1 ,MAY #aa #b#h4 

.<#c#e.> ,9 CONTRA/1 ! PREHI/ORIC PLANET>Y GA!R]-HUNT] POPULATION IS E/IMAT$ TO HAVE /AY$ UND] #a MILLION = NE>LY ALL ( HOMO SAPI5S #f1 G5]ATIONS4 ,G]ALD ,M>T51 ,HUMAN ,ECOLOGY 7,LONDON3 ,E>?SCAN ,PUBLICATIONS1 #b#a71 PP4 #b#f-#c#h4 

.<#c#f.> 0,BE FRUITFUL & MULTIPLY1 & REPL5I% ! E>?1 & SUBDUE IT3 & HAVE DOM9ION OV] ! FI% ( ! SEA & OV] ! F[L ( ! AIR1 & OV] EV]Y LIV+ ?+ ?AT MOVE? UPON ! E>?40 -- ,K+ ,JAMES ,BIBLE1 ,G5ESIS #a3#b#h 

.<#c#g.> ,WORLD ,POPULATION ,PROSPECTS3 ,! #bh ,REVISION1 ,POPULATION ,DIVISION ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,ECONOMIC & ,SOCIAL ,AFFAIRS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,SECRET>IAT4 ,JUNE #a#i4 

.<#c#h.> ,! WORK ( 'NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5T' AN>*I/S & FEM9I/S FROM ! '#fS ONW>DS IS RELATIVELY WELL KN[N BUT AN>*I/ 9VOLVEM5T 9 BIR? CONTROL /RUGGLES REA*ES FUR!R BACK4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 AMONG MANY ?+S A NURSE & MIDWIFE1 WAS ONE ( ITS MO/ WELL KN[N ADVOCATES & = LOTS ( ! MOVEM5T'S NAMELESS IT WAS A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( !IR DAILY ORGANIZ+4 ,?IS IS AS MU* AN ISSUE ( CLASS /RUGGLE AS ( WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 ,AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN PROCLAIM$1 0,L>GE FAMILIES >E A MILL/ONE >\ND ! NECKS ( WORK+ PEOPLE60 ,! FOLL[+ QUOTE REF]S TO ,FR5* AN>*I/S ( ! E>LY #b? C5TURY BUT C\LD APPLY TO MANY 9 O!R C\NTRIES3 0',AN>*ISM CAN BE CONSID]$ !IR CR[N+ SYN!SIS1' & 'NEO-MAL?USIANISM' 7FAMILY PLANN+71 $UCATION & ANTI-MILIT>ISM W]E VALID & NECESS>Y FIELDS ( ACTIVITY = AN>*I/S WORK+ = A TOTAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 -- ,DAVID ,B]RY1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#d#e 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#i71 P4 #b#f4 

.<#c#i.> ,SEE ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D1 ',WOMAN'S ,FRE$OM'1 91 ,H[ ,DEEP IS ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY8 7,DETROIT3 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 #a#i#h#i74 

.<#d.> ,= A DEC5T 9TRO TO ISSUES >\ND ! GRE5 REVOLUTION SEE1 ,V&ANA ,%IVA1 ,MONOCULTURES ( ! ,M9D3 ,P]SPECTIVES ON ,BIODIV]SITY & ,BIOTE*NOLOGY4 7,LONDON3 ,Z$ ,BOOKS #a#i#i#h74 

.<#d#a.> ,WILLIAM ,R4 ,CATTON ,JR41 ,OV]%OOT3 ,! ,ECOLOGICAL ,BASIS ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,*ANGE 7,ILL9OIS3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b71 P4 #c#h4 

.<#d#b.> ,WORLD ,HUNG] ,HITS ,ONE ,BILLION1 ,B,B,C 7WWW4 NEWS4BBC4CO4UK_/L_/HI_/WORLD_/EUROPE_/#h#a#i#f#i#h4 /M71 #ai ,JUNE #b#i4 

.<#d#c.> ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,LATE ,VICTORIAN ,HOLOCAU/S3 ,EL ,N9O ,FAM9ES & ! ,MAK+ ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#a71 P4 #i4 

.<#d#d.> 0,?IS GIRL H]E1 = 9/ANCE1 IS 9 A FE$+ C5T] 9 ,E?IOPIA4 ,! 5TIRE C5T] WAS FILL$ ) GIRLS LIKE H]4 ,:AT'S REM>KABLE IS ?AT H] BRO!RS1 9 ! SAME FAMILY1 W]E TOTALLY F9E4 ,9 ,9DIA1 9 ! FIR/ YE> ( LIFE1 FROM Z]O TO ONE1 BOY & GIRL BABIES BASICALLY SURVIVE AT ! SAME RATE BECAUSE !Y DEP5D ON ! BREA/1 & ! BREA/ %[S NO SON PREF]5CE4 ,FROM ONE TO FIVE1 GIRLS DIE AT A #e P]C5T HI<] MORTALITY RATE ?AN BOYS1 9 ALL ( ,9DIA40 -- ,%]YL ,WU,DUNN1 ,\R C5TURY'S GREATE/ 9JU/ICE 7,JULY #b#a3 WWW4 T$4COM74 

.<#d#e.> ,C,N,A ,CORPORATION4 ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY & ! ,?REAT ( ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 7,ALEX&RIA3 ,C,N,A ,CORPORATION1 #b#g71 ,F9D+ #a4 

.<#d#f.> ,IBID1 ,F9D+ #b4 

.<#d#g.> ,= EXAMPLE3 0',) ! EFFECTS ( CLIMATE *ANGE COMP\ND+ EXI/+ PRESSURES1 FUTURE OP]ATIONS WILL BE MORE FREQU5T & MORE 9T5SE ?AN ?OSE CURR5TLY UND]WAY 9 ,EA/ ,TIMOR & ! ,SOLOMON ,ISL&S4' .<,AIR ,*IEF ,M>%ALL ,ANGUS.> ,H\/AN SAID ?AT RIS+ SEA LEVELS CAUS$ BY CLIMATE *ANGE W\LD WORS5 SOCIAL PROBLEMS ON ! ISL&S1 MANY ( :I* >E POOR & UND]DEVELOP$1 ) ! POT5TIAL = SU/A9$ ECONOMIC GR[? L[ 9 ALL BUT A FEW C\NTRIES4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ISL& NATIONS W\LD /RUGGLE TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE *ANGE1 HE SAID1 :ILE *ANG+ RA9FALL PATT]NS1 EXTREME WEA!R & RIS+ SEA LEVELS W\LD ?REAT5 AGRICULTURE & FI%]IES ON :I* !Y DEP5D$4 ',FROM !RE1 IT IS A SMALL /EP TO POLITICAL 9/ABILITY & SOCIAL DISORD]1' ,H\/AN SAID40 -- ',AU/RALIA MILIT>Y HEAD W>NS ( ,PACIFIC CLIMATE 9/ABILITY'1 ,FRANCE #b#d1 #c4#a#a4#b#a 7WWW4FRANCE#b#d4COM74 

.<#d#h.> ,JAMES ,R4 ,LEE1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,>M$ ,CONFLICT3 ,HOT & ,COLD ,W>S 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i71 P4 #g4 

.<#d#i.> ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY & ! ,?REAT ( ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 7,ALEX&RIA3 ,C,N,A ,CORPORATION1 #b#g71 P4 #f4 

.<#e.> ,KURT ,M ,CAMPBELL ET AL1 ,! ,AGE ( ,CONSEQU5CES3 ,! ,=EIGN ,POLICY & ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,IMPLICATIONS ( ,GLOBAL ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 7,C5T] = ,/RATEGIC & ,9T]NATIONAL ,/UDIES1 #b#g71 QUOT$ 91 ,GWYNNE ,DY]1 ,CLIMATE ,W>S 7,TORONTO3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #b#i71 P4 #a#i4 

.<#e#a.> ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #a#a#h4 

.<#e#b.> ,R ,NORDAS & ,N4,P4 ,GL$ITS*1 ',CLIMATE *ANGE & CONFLICT'1 ,POLITICAL ,GEOGRAPHY 7#b#f7 #f#b#g-#f#c#h 7#b#g71 QUOT$ 91 ,JAMES ,R4 ,LEE1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,>M$ ,CONFLICT3 ,HOT & ,COLD ,W>S 7,LONDON3 ,R\D$GE1 #b#i71 P4 #a#e4 

.<#e#c.> ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA 0WAS ! ONLY WOMAN COMM&] ( A L>GE REVOLUTION>Y =CE 9 ,UKRA9E -- AN ATAMAN%A4 ,! ,FREE ,COMBAT ,DRUZH9A WAS EQUIPP$ ) TWO L>GE GUNS & AN >MOR$ FLAT C>4 ,! WAGONS W]E LOAD$ ) >MOR$ C>S1 TA*ANKAS1 & HORSES AS WELL AS TROOPS :I* MEANT ?AT ! DETA*M5T WAS 9 NO MEANS RE/RICT$ TO RAILWAY L9ES4 ,! TRA9S W]E FE/OON$ ) BANN]S READ+ ',! ,LIB]ATION ( ! ,WORK]S IS ! ,AFFAIR ( ! ,WORK]S ,!MSELVES'1 ,UONG ,LIVE ,AN>*Y'1 ',P[] ,BRE$S ,P>ASITES'1 & ',AN>*Y IS ! ,MO!R ( ,ORD]4'444 ,) !IR BLACK FLAGS & CANNONS1 ,MURUSYA'S E*ELONS RESEMBL$ PIRATE %IPS SAIL+ ACROSS ! ,UKRA9IAN ,/EPPE40 -- ,MALCOLM ,>*IBOLD1 ,ATAMAN%A3 ,! ,/ORY ( ,M>IA ,NIKI=OVA1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,JOAN ( ,>C 7,$MONTON3 ,BLACK ,CAT ,PRESS1 #b#g71 PP4 #b#a-#b#b4 

.<#e#d.> ,JAMES ,R4 ,LEE1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,>M$ ,CONFLICT3 ,HOT & ,COLD ,W>S 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i71 P4 #i#c4 

.<#e#e.> ,MATTIJS ,VAN DE ,PORT1 ,GYPSIES1 ,W>S & ,O!R ,9/ANCES ( ! ,WILD3 ,CIVILIZATION & ITS ,DISCONT5TS 9 A ,S]BIAN ,T[N 7,AM/]DAM3 ,AM/]DAM ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h71 PP4 #a#e-#a#g4 

.<#e#f.> ,R&OLPH ,B\RNE1 ',W> IS ! ,HEAL? ( ! ,/ATE'4 ,BUREAU ( ,PUBLIC ,SECRETS 7WWW4BOPSECRETS4ORG74 

.<#e#g.> ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 ,>*AEOLOGY ( ,VIOL5CE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E71 #a#i#i#d71 PP4 #a#f#d-#a#f#e4 

.<#e#h.> ,EI!R WIP$ \T DUR+ P]IODS ( 7C\NT]7 REVOLUTION>Y TUMULT OR PICK$ (F AS ! *OS5 PREY ( AU?ORIT>IANS DUR+ RELATIVE SOCIAL PEACE -- AN>*I/S DO HAVE A T5D5CY TO GET IT 9 ! NECK4 ,\R RANKS HAVE BE5 FUR!R ?9N$ BY ! MANY :O ( HAVE FELT =C$ TO ESCAPE CIVILIZATION ?R\< SUICIDE & DRUGS4 

.<#e#i.> ,JOSEPH ,KHAN1 ',AN>*ISM1 ! ,CRE$ ?AT ,WON'T ,/AY ,DEAD'1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES 1 #e ,AUGU/ #b4 

.<#f.> ,! FUNDAM5TAL 'NATURE' ( ALL CIVILIZATIONS IS AN ILLUSORY E/RANGEM5T FROM WILD]NESS1 DEEP5+ AS WE BECOME E/RANG$ FROM EA* O!R1 FROM ! L&1 FROM ! PRODUCT ( \R LABOR & EV5 FROM \R [N DESIRES4 ,WILD ANIMALS 7HUMANS 9CLUD$7 >E TAM$ -- DOME/ICAT$ -- BY BE+ F5C$ (F1 SEP>AT$1 FROM !IR NATURAL 5VIRONM5TS & FREE MEMB]S ( !IR [N SPECIES4 ,DOM9ANCE IS BURNT 9TO BRA9S ?R\< VIOL5CE & RATION+ ( RES\RCES4 ,WILD]NESS IS TAM$1 BO? )\T & )94 ,! BIR? ( 0DOME/ICATION 9VOLV$ ! 9ITIATION ( PRODUCTION1 VA/LY 9CREAS$ DIVISIONS ( LABOR1 & ! COMPLET$ F\NDATIONS ( SOCIAL /RATIFICATION4 ,?IS AM\NT$ TO AN EPO*AL MUTATION BO? 9 ! *>ACT] ( HUMAN EXI/5CE & ITS DEVELOPM5T1 CL\D+ ! LATT] ) EV] MORE VIOL5CE & WORK40 -- ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 ,ELEM5TS ( ,REFUSAL 7,C4,A4,L ,PRESS3 ,COLUMBIA1 #b#f71 P4 #g#g4 ,:ILE IT IS IMPORTANT TO TRY & UND]/& !IR ORIG9S1 IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE TO SEE E/RANGEM5T & DOME/ICATION AS PA/ EV5TS1 RA!R !Y >E A PROCESS ?AT CAN BE1 & IS1 RESI/$4 ,= />T]S1 SEE ALSO3 ,IAN ,HODD]1 ,! ,DOME/ICATION ( ,EUROPE 7,BASIL ,BLACKWELLS3 ,OX=D1 #a#i#i71 ,LEOPOLD ,ROC1 ,9DU/RIAL ,DOME/ICATION3 ,9DU/RY AS ! ,ORIG9S ( ,MOD]N ,DOM9ATION4 ,AN>*I/ LIBR>Y 7WWW4!AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG71 ,D]RICK ,J5S5 ET AL41 ,/RANGELY ,LIKE W>3 ,! ,GLOBAL ,ASSAULT ON ,=E/S 7,GRE5 ,BOOKS3 ,D>T+TON1 #b#c71 ,JACQUES ,CAMATTE1 ,AGA9/ ,DOME/ICATION 7,LE$S3 ,RE-,PRESS$ ,DI/RO1 #b#f71 ,BEA/S ( ,BURD53 ,CAPITALISM1 ,ANIMALS1 ,COMMUNISM 7,ANTAGONISM ,PRESS3 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#i74 

.<#f#a.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ON ! ,LIV+ ,E>?1 7,! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY3 ,LONDON1 #bi ,OCTOB] #b#g74 

.<#f#b.> ,SPEE* BY ! DI%ONORABLE ,M9I/] = ,=EIGN ,TRADE 7,NIG]IA7 ,MR4 ,G ,YHEMA1 ,CR[N ,PLAZA ,HOTEL1 ,! ,HAGUE1 #bg ,APRIL #b4 

.<#f#c.> ,SEE3 ,NAOMI ,KLE91 ,! ,%OCK ,DOCTR9E3 ,! ,RISE ( ,DISA/] ,CAPITALISM 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #b#h74 

.<#f#d.> ,CONTR>Y TO ! IDEA ?AT A DECREASE 9 RES\RCES IS LIKELY TO RESULT 9 9CREAS$ CONFLICT MANY SURVEYS HAVE %[N ?AT 9CREAS$ RES\RCES RESULT 9 9CREAS$ CONFLICT4 ,CONFLICT CAN BE CAUS$ BY A COMB9ATION ( GRE$ & GRIEVANCE & (T5 GRE$ IS ! MOTOR :ILE GRIEVANCE IS ! JU/IFICATION4 0,?IS SUGGE/S ?AT ! RES\RCE CURSE1 BY EXPOS+ ?OSE 9 P[] TO ! TEMPTATIONS ( GREAT WEAL?1 IS ! MO/ P[]FUL DRIV] ( VIOL5CE & CONFLICT40 -- ,CAMILLA ,T\LM91 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 9 ,AFRICA 7,LONDON3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,AFRICAN ,9/ITUTE & ,Z$ ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#i71 P4 #a#a#h4 

.<#f#e.> ,SAM ,MBAH & ,I,G ,IG>IEWY1 ,AFRICAN ,AN>*ISM3 ,! ,HI/ORY ( A ,MOVEM5T 7,TUCSON3 ,SEE ,%>P ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g71 PP4 #b#g-#c#c4 

.<#f#f.> ,! FOLL[+ IS WOR? NOT+ ALSO3 0,SU* LIMIT$ L9KS W]E 9 ! 9T]E/ ( !444 .<BOSSES.>1 :O PURPOSELY CREAT$ A SEMI-WORK+ CLASS4 ,?OMSON /ATES1 ',M9E [N]S & F>M MANAG]S RELY ON ! FACT ?AT PEASANTS .<:O COME TO WORK TEMPOR>ILY.> >E ALSO PRODUC+ = !MSELVES BACK ON !IR SMALLHOLD+S 7F>M$ 9 !IR ABS5CE BY !IR FAMILIES74 ,AS WORK]S HAVE ?IS ADDITIONAL S\RCE ( SUBSI/5CE1 WAGES CAN BE KEPT L[40' -- ,JIM ,FEA/1 ',! ,AFRICAN ,ROAD TO ,AN>*ISM8'1 91 ,FIF? ,E/ATE ,VOL4 #dc ,NO4 #b #b#h4 

.<#f#g.> ,= A GOOD OV]VIEW ( SOME LIV$1 RA!R ?AN IMAG9$1 AN>*IES BO? 9 ,AFRICA & ELSE:]E SEE3 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 ,PEOPLE ,)\T ,GOV]NM5T3 ,AN ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,AN>*Y 7,LONDON3 ,KAHN ,SR,AV]ILL1 #a#i#i74 

.<#f#h.> ,P ,SKALNIK1 ,\TWITT+ ! ,/ATE1 7,NEW ,BRUNSWICK3 ,TRANSACTION ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#h#i71 P4 #a#c4 

.<#f#i.> ,A P]SONALLY ABHORR5T & DEF9ITELY AU?ORIT>IAN EX]CISE :I* SOME AN>*I/S /ILL SEEM TO 5JOY444 

.<#g.> ,?\< OBVI\SLY NOT AT ! EXP5SE ( LOOK+ AT ! CLASS RELATIONS1 BALANCES ( P[]1 /RUGGLES & JOYS :]E WE LIVE4 ,TOO MANY ACTIVI/S KN[ ! 9TRICACIES ( /RUGGLES1 ABROAD YET LITTLE ( ! SOCIAL W> ALL >\ND !M4 

.<#g#a.> ,:ILE ,I AGREE ) ! AU?OR H]E1 ,I W\LD SAY '! CLI5T ISSUE' IS A FACTOR BEH9D ! SPREAD ( MULTI-P>TY SY/EMS BUT BY NO MEANS ! ONLY ONE4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,BLOC1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MOBILIZATION )9 ,AFRICA & ! DEM&S -- BO? F9ANCIALLY & IDEOLOGICAL -- ( ! ,WE/1 >E SOME FACTORS AMONG O!RS4 ,IT WILL BE 9T]E/+ TO SEE H[ ! EXPANSION ( ,*9ESE P[] 9 ,AFRICA AFFECTS ?IS4 

.<#g#b.> ,JIM ,FEA/1 ',! ,AFRICAN ,ROAD TO ,AN>*ISM8'1 91 ,FIF? ,E/ATE ,VOL4 #d#c1 ,NO4 #b1 #b#h4 

.<#g#c.> ,A *EAP JOKE AT ! EXP5SE ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S RIDICUL\S1 ',SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM VS ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM'1 DI*OTOMY4 

.<#g#d.> ,SAM ,MBAH & ,I,G ,IG>IEWY1 ,AFRICAN ,AN>*ISM3 ,! ,HI/ORY ( A ,MOVEM5T 7,TUCSON3 ,SEE ,%>P ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g71 P4 #a#h4 

.<#g#e.> 0,IMPROVEM5T MAKES /RAI<T ROADS2 BUT ! CROOK$ ROADS )\T IMPROVEM5T >E ROADS ( G5IUS40 -- ,WILLIAM ,BLAKE1 QUOT$ 91 ,LAWR5CE ,MILLMAN1 ,LA/ ,PLACES3 ,A ,J\RNEY 9 ! ,NOR? 7,LONDON3 ,SPH]E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#b74 

.<#g#f.> ,JAMES ,C4 ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,HI/ORY ( ,UPL& ,S\?-,EA/ ,ASIA 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 

.<#g#g.> ,IF Y\ D\BT ?IS :Y NOT TRY A PLEASURABLE EXP]IM5T & GET A TA/E ( FRE$OM BY EAT+ FOOD NOT B\<T ) SOLD TIME BUT GR[N ) ONE'S [N H&S4 ,I SUSPECT ! EXP]I5CE WILL CONV9CE Y\ ?AT L& IS LIB]TY & MAKE Y\ DESIRE MORE ( BO?4 ,= ?OSE :O LIKE BOOK REF]5CES AS WELL AS SOIL UND] !IR F+]NAILS SEE3 ,! ,ECOLOGI/1 ,:OSE ,COMMON ,FUTURE8 ,RECLAIM+ ! ,COMMONS 7,LONDON3 ,E>?SCAN1 #a#i#i#c7 

.<#g#h.> ,GRAEME ,B>K]1 ',A ,TALE ( ,TWO ,DES]TS3 ,CONTRA/+ ,DES]TIFICATION ,HI/ORIES ON ,ROME'S ,DES]T ,FRONTI]'1 91 ,WORLD ,>*AEOLOGY1 VOL #c#c1 ,NO4#c1 #b#b1 PP4 #d#h#h-#e#g4 

.<#g#i.> ,HELMUT ,GEI/1 ,! ,CAUSES & ,PROGRESSION ( ,DES]TIFICATION 7,ALD]%OT3 ,A%GATE ,PUBLI%+1 #b#e71 PP4 #d-#g4 

.<#h.> ,?OSE :O D\BT ?IS C\LD DO ) READ+4 ,CLIVE ,PONT+1 ,A ,GRE5 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,WORLD3 ,! ,5VIRONM5T & ! ,COLLAPSE ( ,GREAT ,CIVILIZATIONS4 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#a74 ,ON A SIDE NOTE1 BE=E BECOM+ AN ACADEMIC ,PONT+ N>R[LY AVOID$ JAIL 7?ANKS TO AN UNEXPECT$ JURY ACQUITTAL7 = LEAK+ ! TRU? BEH9D ! ,BELGRANO ,AFFAIR 7! ,BRITI% S9K+ ( A ,>G5T9E NAVY W>%IP AS IT SP$ AWAY FROM ! ,FALKL&S CONFLICT7 :IL/ HE WAS A S5IOR ,MO,D CIVIL S]VANT4 

.<#h#a.> ,V]NON ,G4 ,C>T] & ,TOM ,DALE1 ,TOPSOIL & ,CIVILIZATION 7,OKLAHOMA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,OKLAHOMA ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d74 

.<#h#b.> ,$W>D ,ABBEY1 ,DES]T ,SOLITAIRE3 ,A ,SEASON 9 ! ,WILD]NESS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BALLANT9E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#a71 PP4 #c#c-#c#e4 

.<#h#c.> ,WILFR$ ,!ISEG]1 ,>ABIAN ,S&S 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#e#i74 ,I TOOK ! *EEKY1 ?\< ,I ?9K WOR?:ILE1 /EP ( G5D] NEUTRALIZ+ ?IS QUOTE I4E ',ONE' WAS ORIG9ALLY ',MAN' & '!Y' WAS ORIG9ALLY 'HE'4 

.<#h#d.> ,SEE = EXAMPLE3 ,*RI/OBEL ,MATT+LEY $1 ,SURVIVAL ,9 ,\R ,[N ,L&3 ,ABORIG9AL EXP]I5CES 9 ',S\? ,AU/RALIA ' S9CE #aicf 7,SYDNEY3 ,HODD] @&R ,/\<TON1 #a#i#h#h74 

.<#h#e.> ,= A GOOD BACKGR\ND ON ! SITUATION ( DIE ,TU>EG SEE3 ,HEL5E ,CLAUDOT-,HAWAD1 ,A ,NOMADIC ,FI<T ,AGA9/ ,IMMOBILITY3 ! ,TU>EG 9 ! ,MOD]N ,/ATE'1 91 ,*ATTY1 ,DAWN $4 ,NOMADIC ,SOCIETIES 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ,NOR? ,AFRICA3 ,5T]+ ! #b#a/ C5TURY4 7,LEID53 ,BRILL ,ACADEMIC ,PUBLI%]S1 #b#f74 

.<#h#f.> 0,GIV5 ! LIKELY RISE 9 TEMP]ATURES & %IFTS 9 RA9FALL MANY F>M]S WILL FACE YET MORE *ALL5G+ GR[+ CONDITIONS4 ,LIVE/OCK PRODUCTION MAY DO SOME:AT BETT] ?AN CROPS1 ESPECIALLY AS H]D]S MOVE AWAY FROM CATTLE1 :I* >E LESS HEAT TOL]ANT & T[>DS GOATS1 %EEP & CAMELS1 :I* >E BETT] ABLE TO COPE 9 DRI]1 HOTT] CONDITIONS40 7P4 #a#b47 0,OV]ALL1 H[EV]1 ! LIVE/OCK SECTOR IS LIKELY TO BE MORE RESILI5T ?AN CORPORATE AGRICULTURE1 S9CE ! MIX$ H]DS KEPT BY SMALLHOLD]S >E BETT] ABLE TO COPE ) ]RATIC RA9FALL4 ,TRAN%UMANT SY/EMS 9 :I* ANIMALS >E MOV$ ACCORD+ TO SEASONS1 >E ALSO BETT] PLAC$ ?AN ?OSE :]E ANIMALS >E KEPT 9 L>GE COMM]CIAL BEEF & DAIRY F>MS4 ,9 ?OSE >EAS LIKELY TO GET HOTT] & DRI]1 H]D COMPOSITION WILL *ANGE FROM CATTLE T[>DS A GREAT] NUMB] ( SMALL /OCK OR CAMELS4 ,IF ?IS MEANS EW] OX5 CAN BE KEPT1 ?IS WILL HAVE KNOCK-ON EFFECT ON CAPACITY TO F>M L&4 7P4 #f42 ,CAMILLA,T\LM91 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 9 ,AFRICA 7,LONDON3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,AFRICAN ,9/ITUTE & ,Z$ ,BOOKS1 #b#i74 

.<#h#g.> ,RI*>D ,B ,LEE @& ,RI*>D ,DALY1 $S ,! ,CAMBRIDGE ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i74 

.<#h#h.> ,?\< TO ! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y ?IS JU/ MADE IT IDEAL = NUCLE> WEAPONS TE/+4 

.<#h#i.> ,NISA A WOMAN ( ! '4,KUNG ,SAN3 0,I REMEMB] ANO!R TIME :5 ,I HAD BE5 WALK+ ) MY FRI5DS 9 ! BU%4 ,\R FAMILIES W]E MOV+ FROM ONE CAMP TO ANO!R & MY FRI5DS & ,I W]E WALK+ AHEAD ( ! ADULTS1 RID+ ON TOP ( EA* O!R1 MAK+ BELIEVE WE W]E DONKEYS4 ,?AT'S :5 MY FRI5D ,BESA SAW A WILDEBEE/ LY+ DEAD ON ! GR\ND2 !N WE SAW ANO!R & !N ANO!R2 !Y HAD ALL BE5 REC5TLY KILL$ BY LIONS4 ,WE RAN BACK ON \R TRACKS1 CRY+ \T1 0,WE SAW ?REE DEAD WILDEBEE/ KILL$ BY LIONS6' ,! ADULTS SAID ',HO1 HO1 \R *ILDR5444 \R WOND]FUL *ILDR5444 \R WOND]FUL1 WOND]FUL *ILDR56'0 -- ,M>JORIE ,%O/AK1 ,NIS A3 ,! ,LIFE & ,WORDS ( A 6,KUNG ,WOMAN 7,LONDON3 ,E>?SCAN1#a#i#i71 P4 #a#a4 

.<#i.> ,/EVE ,CONN]1 ',WORLDS ,MO/ ,ANCI5T ,RACE TRAC$ 9 ,D,N,A ,/UDY'1 ,! ,9DEP5D5T 7,LONDON71 #a ,MAY #b#i4 

.<#i#a.> ,RA*EL ,SUSSMAN1 ,! ,WORLD'S ,OLDE/ ,LIV+ ,?+S1 ,T,$ #b#a1 7WWW4T$4COM74 

.<#i#b.> ,SURVIVAL ,9T]NATIONAL1 7WWW4SURVIVAL9T]NATIONAL4ORG_/TRIBES_/BU%M574 

.<#i#c.> ,& YES1 ?AT 9CLUDES PEOPLE4 

.<#i#d.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,! ,REV5GE ( ,GAIA 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #b#f71 P4 #a#e#i4 

.<#i#e.> ,W4 ,H4 ,AUD51 ',! ,FALL ( ,ROME'1 91 ,COLLECT$ ,POEMS 7,LONDON3 ,FAB] @& ,FAB]1 #b#d74 

.<#i#f.> ,TIM ,FOLG]1 ',VIK+ ,WEA!R3 ,! ,*ANG+ ,FACE ( ,GRE5L&'1 ,NATIONAL ,GEOGRAPHIC ,VOL #bag ,NO #f1 ,JUNE #b#a1 P4 #d#i4 

.<#i#g.> ,JAMES ,MELIC1 ,JAMES & ,DUNCAN ,B>TLETT1 ,MELT+ ,ICE ,OP5S ,UP ,POT5TIAL = ,>CTIC ,EXPLOITATION4 ,B,B,C ,WORLD ,S]VICE -- ,BUS9ESS ,DAILY3 #bb ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 7WWW4BBC4CO4UK_/NEWS_/BUS9ESS-#a#a#c#h#a#i#g#a74 

.<#i#h.> ,CAMILLA ,T\LM91 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 9 ,AFRICA 7,LONDON3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,AFRICAN ,9/ITUTE & ,Z$ ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#i71 PP4 #a#e-#a#f4 

.<#i#i.> ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #f4 

.<#a.> ',GLOBAL ,W>M+ ,POSES ,?REATS & ,OPPORTUNITIES TO ,>CTIC ,REGION'1 ,MANILA ,BULLET91 #f ,DECEMB] #b#i4 

.<#a#a.> ,JAMES ,R4 ,LEE1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,>M$ ,CONFLICT3 ,HOT & ,COLD ,W>S 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i71 P4 #afg & P4 #a#g4 

.<#a#b.> ,= EXAMPLE ! ,RUSSIAN ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,/RATEGY1 ADOPT$ 9 SPR+ #b#i1 REF]R$ TO ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ >M$ =CE 9 CONFLICT OV] ,HYDROC>BON RES]VES4 ',CLIMATE ,*ANGE1 ! ,>CTIC & ,RUSSIA'S ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY'1 ,P RAVDA1 #be ,M>* #ba 7WWW 5GLI%4PRAVDA4RU74 

.<#a#c.> ,VLADIMIR ,PUT9 HAS PUBLICLY /AT$ ?AT HE ?9KS !RE IS AN URG5T NE$ = ,RUSSIA TO SECURE ITS 0/RATEGIC1 ECONOMIC1 SCI5TIFIC & DEF5SE 9T]E/S0 9 ! ,>CTIC4 ,RUSSIA ,PLANTS ,FLAG ,UND] ,N ,POLE1 ,B,B,C ,NEWS WEBSITE1 #b ,AUGU/ #bg 7WWW4NEWS4BBC4CO4UK_/L_/HI_/WORLD_/EUROPE_/#f#i#b#g#c#i#e4/M74 

.<#a#d.> ,JAMES ,R ,LEE1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,>M$ ,CONFLICT3 ,HOT & ,COLD ,W>S 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#i71 P4 #a#b4 

.<#a#e.> ,B>RY ,LOPEZ1 ,>CTIC-,DREAMS3 ,IMAG9ATION & ,DESIRE 9 A ,NOR!RN ,L&SCAPE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,H>VILL ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i71 P4 XXIII -- XXVII4 

.<#a#f.> ,! DIVISIVE EXI/5CE ( NATION /ATES IS ALREADY A PROBLEM = ! 9H]5TLY TRANS-B\ND>Y ,SAMI & C\LD PROVE FATAL 9 !IR ATTEMPTS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE *ANGE1 EV5 )\T CONSID]+ CIVILIZATIONAL EXPANSION4 ,SEE3 ,]IK ,RE9]T ET AL1 ',ADAPT+ TO CLIMATE *ANGE 9 ,SAMI RE9DE] H]D+3 ! NATION-/ATE AS PROBLEM & SOLUTION'1 91 ,W ,NEIL ,ADG] ET AL1 ,ADAPT+ TO ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE3 ,?RE%OLDS1 ,VALUES1 ,GOV]NANCE 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i71 PP4 #d#a#g-#d#c#a4 ,= A GOOD BACKGR\ND ALSO SEE3 ,HU< ,BEA*1 ,! ,SAAMI ( ,LAPL& 7,LONDON3 ,M9ORITY ,RI<TS ,GR\P4 #a#i#h#h74 

.<#a#g.> ,:5 AN 9DIG5\S PEOPLE CEASES TO EXI/ & BECOMES 9/EAD P>T ( ! WID] CULTURE IS A QUE/ION ,I WILL LEAVE TO ! PEOPLES !MSELVES4 ,?AT SU* ASSIMILATION IS DEEPLY PA9FUL CAN BE SE5 BO? 9 ! /AGG]+LY HI< SUICIDE RATES AMONG MANY NEWLY SETTL$ COMMUNITIES & 9 ! SELF H>M & SUICIDE RATES MORE G5]ALLY AS *ILDR5 WORLDWIDE >E =M$ 9TO ADULT COGS & MICROPROCESSORS4 

.<#a#h.> ,SURVIVAL ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,SIB]IAN ,PEOPLES ,PROTE/ ,AGA9/ ,OIL & ,GAS ,PIPEL9ES1 #bf ,AUGU/ #b#e1 7WWW4SURVIVAL9T]NATIONAL4ORG_/NEWS_/#i#h#e74 

.<#a#i.> ,GE(FREY ,YORK1 ',9DIG5\S ,PEOPLE ,DESCRIBE ,REAL ,P]ILS ( ,GLOBAL ,W>M+'1 91 ,! ,GLOBE & ,MAIL1 #ad ,DECEMB] #b#g4 

.<#a#a.> ,LUKE ,H>D+1 ',CLIMATE ,*ANGE 9 ,RUSSIA'S ,>CTIC ,TUNDRA'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #b#a4 

.<#a#a#a.> ,= CIVILIZATION1 ! GREAT ?AW+ ( ! ,F> ,NOR? WILL PROBABLY =M OB/ACLES AS WELL AS BRIDGES4 ,LAWR5CE ,C ,SMI? >GUES ?AT 9 MANY PLACES ?ANKS TO DECREAS$ W9T] ROAD ACCESS & GR\ND DISRUPTIONS FROM ?AW+ P]MAFRO/ !RE WILL BE 0DIM9I%+ ACCESS BY L&1 BUT RIS+ ACCESS BY SEA4 ,= MANY REMOTE 9T]IOR L&SCAPES1 ! P]HAPS SURPRIS+ PROSPECTS ,I SEE IS R$UC$ HUMAN PRES5CE & !IR RETURN TO A WILD] /ATE40 -- ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #a#g4 

.<#a#a#b.> ,P>AG ,KHANNA ,MAPS ! ,FUTURE ( ,C\NTRIES1 ,T,$1 ,JULY #b#i1 7WWW4T$4COM74 

.<#a#a#c.> ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #b#e#h4 

.<#a#a#d.> ,! T5D5CY EM]G+1 TO SEE CITIES AS NATURE'S SALVATION1 IS C>GOI/ NONS5SE1 BACK$ UP BY C>BON C\NT+ TE*NIQUES ?AT IGNORE ! 9T]-RELAT$ NATURE ( 9DU/RIALISM4 ,A GOOD REC5T EXAMPLE ( SU* FLAW$ ?9K+ IS3 ,%ANTA ,B>LEY1 ',ESCAPE TO ! ,CITY'1 91 ,NEW ,SCI5TI/ #f4#a#a4#b#a1 PP4 #c#b-#c#d4 ,I NOTE ! $ITORS FLAGG$ IT UP ON ! COV] AS ! LEAD >TICLE ) ! TITLE ',URBAN ,UTOPIA'1 :I* SAYS IT ALL REALLY6 

.<#a#a#e.> ,LAGOS 9 ,NIG]IA %ELT]S AN E/IMAT$ #b MILLION PEOPLE & IS ONE ( ! WORLD'S FA/E/ GR[+ MEGACITIES4 ,ONCE A SMALL FI%+ VILLAGE1 ,MAKOKO HAS GR[N 9TO A SLUM H\S+ >\ND #a1 PEOPLE L>GELY 9 /ILT H\SES ON ,LAGOS'S LAGOON4 ,LIKE MANY SLUMS ! >EA IS L>GELY GOV]N$ BY LOCAL GANGS RA!R ?AN /ATE ONES4 

.<#a#a#f.> ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,DEAD ,CITIES & ,O!R ,TALES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,NEW ,PRESS1 #b#b71 P4 #c#f#c4 

.<#a#a#g.> ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,HUMAN ,SETTLEM5TS ,PROGRAM1 ,/ATE ( ! ,WORLD'S ,CITIES #b#h_/#b#i 7,LONDON3 ,E>?SCAN1 #b#h71 QUOT$ 9 ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #c#b4 

.<#a#a#h.> ,POPULATION FIGURES TAK5 FROM /ATE C5SUSES4 ,BRI/OL3 #d#c#c1#a 7,U,K #b#a74 ,BRATISLAVA3 #d#b#i1 7,SLOVAKIA #b#f74 ,OAKL&3 #d#d#f1#i#a 7,U,S,A #b#a74 

.<#a#a#i.> ,HANS ,ROSL+1 ,HANS ,ROSL+ %[S ! BE/ /ATS Y\'VE EV] SE54 ,T,$1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#f1 7WWW4 T$4COM74 

.<#a#b.> ,SEE3 ,*RI/9E ,MC,MURRAY & ,ROY ,SMI?1 ,DISEASES ( ,GLOBALIZATION3 ,SOCIOECONOMIC ,TRANSITIONS & ,HEAL? 7,LONDON3 ,E>?SCAN1 #b#a74 

.<#a#b#a.> #a4#b MILLION & #a4#b#g MILLION RESPECTIVELY 9 #b#b4 ,TIM ,HALLIDAY & ,BASIRO ,DAVEY1 ,WAT] & ,HEAL? 9 AN ,OV]CR[D$ ,WORLD 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#g71 P4 #c#i4 

.<#a#b#b.> ,AS ?\< 'WE' >E' F9I%$'444 

.<#a#b#c.> ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #c#e4 

.<#a#b#d.> 0444! BOTTOM BILLION WILL HAVE TO WAIT A LONG TIME UNTIL DEVELOPM5T 9 ,ASIA CREATES A WAGE GAP ) ! BOTTOM BILLION SIMIL> TO ! MASSIVE GAP ?AT PREVAIL$ BETWE5 ,ASIA & ! RI* WORLD >\ND #a#i#h4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT DEVELOPM5T 9 ! BOTTOM BILLION IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT IT DOES MAKE IT MU* H>D]4 ,! SAME AUTOMATIC PROCESSES ?AT DROVE ,ASIAN DEVELOPM5T WILL IMP$E ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! BOTTOM BILLION40 -- ,PAUL ,COLLI]1 ,! ,BOTTOM ,BILLION3 ,:Y ! ,POORE/ ,C\NTRIES >E ,FAIL+ & ,:AT ,CAN ,BE ,DONE ,AB\T ,IT 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#h71 P4 #h#f4 ,:E!R ONE SEES ! PROCESS ABOVE AS 'AUTOMATIC' AS ,COLLI] DESCRIBES OR SEES IT AS AN EXPRESSION ( CLASS 9T]E/S 7OR BO?71 ! BASIC TONE ( HIS CONCLUSION IS P]SUASIVE4 

.<#a#b#e.> ,SEE ,*APT]S #c1 ,DES]T ,/ORMS1 & #d1 ,AFRICAN ,ROADS TO ,AN>*Y4 

.<#a#b#f.> ,PAUL ,COLLI]1 ,! ,BOTTOM ,BILLION3 ,:Y ! ,POORE/ ,C\NTRIES >E ,FAIL+ & ,:AT ,CAN ,BE ,DONE ,AB\T ,IT 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#h71 P4 #c4 

.<#a#b#g.> ,GLOBAL ,TR5DS #b#b#e3 ,A ,TRANS=M$ ,WORLD 7,WA%+TON3 ,U,S ,NATIONAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,C\NCIL1 #b#h71 P4#i#i1 QUOT$ 91 ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #d#c4 

.<#a#b#h.> ,ROB]T ,NEUWIR?1 ,%AD[ ,CITIES3 ,A ,BILLION ,SQUATT]S1 A ,NEW ,URBAN ,WORLD4 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#d74 

.<#a#b#i.> ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS /ATI/ICS QUOT$ 93 ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#g71 P4 #b#c4 

.<#a#c.> ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#g71 P4 #d#b4 

.<#a#c#a.> ,ROB]T ,NEUWIR?1 ,%AD[ ,CITIES3 ,A ,BILLION ,SQUATT]S1 A ,NEW ,URBAN ,WORLD 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #b#d74 

.<#a#c#b.> ,LEOPOLD ,ROC1 ,9DU/RIAL ,DOME/ICATION3 ,9DU/RY AS ! ,ORIG9S ( ,MOD]N ,DOM9ATION4 ,AN>*I/ ,LIBR>Y 7 WWW4!AN>*I/LIBR>Y 4ORG74 

.<#a#c#c.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 QUOT$ DUR+ A DESCRIPTION ( HI/ORICAL & PRES5T TRANSITIONAL CLASSES 93 ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #a#e4 

.<#a#c#d.> ,PATRICK ,*AMOISEAU1 QUOT$ 9 ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#g71 P4 #a#g#d4 

.<#a#c#e.> ,CAMILLA ,T\LM91 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 9 ,AFRICA4 7,LONDON3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,AFRICAN ,9/ITUTE & ,Z$ ,BOOKS1 #b#i71 PP4 #g-#a#a#h4 

.<#a#c#f.> 0,! IDEA ( ,GOD IMPLIES ! ABDICATION ( HUMAN REASON & JU/ICE2 IT IS ! MO/ DECISIVE NEGATION ( HUMAN LIB]TY1 & NECESS>ILY 5DS 9 ! 5SLAVEM5T ( MANK9D1 9 !ORY & PRACTICE444 IF GOD REALLY EXI/$1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO ABOLI% HIM40 -- ,MIKHAIL ,BUKUN91 ,GOD & ! ,/ATE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 #b#c74 ,SEE ALSO3 ,RI*>D ,DAWK9S1 ,! ,GOD ,DELUSION 7,LONDON3 ,BLACK ,SWAN1 #b#g74 

.<#a#c#g.> ,IT W\LD BE TOO SIMPLI/IC TO BLAME ?IS ALL ON 9DU/RIALISM BUT CLE> RELATION%IPS CAN BE SE5 -- = EXAMPLE1 ?AT DEMON/RAT$ BY ,V&ANA ,%IVA BETWE5 ! SPREAD ( ! GRE5 REVOLUTION & ! GR[? ( FUNDAM5TALI/ COMMUNALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ,9DIA4 ,IF ANY?+1 ! COLTAN FUEL$ W> 9 ,CONGO & ! SUBSEQU5T SPREAD ( *>ISMATIC NATIVE_/,P5TECO/AL CULTS B5T ON SOLV+ !IR PROBLEMS ?R\< EXPELL+ T5S ( ?\S&S ( '*ILD WIT*ES' IS AN EV5 MORE SPOOKY SIGN ( ! M>RIAGE ( ! MODEM & ! MAGICAL4 

.<#a#c#h.> ,WRI?+ 9 AGONY1 HIS >M LO/ TO A SUG> MILL1 SLAVE ,FRANCOIS ,MAK&AL HAD A MILL5>IAN VISION ( GLORI\S FREE BLACK ,HAITIAN CITIES4 0,IMM$IATELY AFT] HIS MAIM+1 ,MAK&AL AFFECT$ ! ROLE ( A PROPHET & BUILT A CONSID]ABLE FOLL[+ 9 ,NOR!RN ,LIMBE4 ,BY #a#g#d1 ,MAK&AL HAD FL$ TO ! ,M>OONS & US$ !IR SECRET NETWORKS TO BUILD A =CE ( ?\S&S ACROSS ,HAITI1 9FILTRAT+ EV]Y HOME & PLANTATION & BR++ POISON TO EA*1 ADAPT$ FROM ,WE/ ,AFRICAN LORE TO LOCAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,DEP5D5T ON !IR S]VANTS1 ! PLANTOCRACY WAS HELPLESS AS ONE DAY !IR LIVE/OCK DI$1 ! NEXT !IR DOME/IC ANIMALS1 F9ALLY !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES4 #f1 W]E KILL$ BE=E ,MAK&AL WAS ?R\<40 -- ,JOHN ,CONNOR1 ,*ILDR5 ( ,GU9EA3 ,VOODOO1 ,! #agic ,HAITIAN ,REVOLUTION & ,AFT] 7,LONDON3 ,GRE5 ,AN>*I/ ,BOOKS1 #b#c71 P4 #a#a4 

.<#a#c#i.> ,GE(FREY ,DEM>E/ 7,U,S ,>MY ,=EIGN ,MILIT>Y ,/UDIES ,(FICE1 ,=T ,LEAV5WOR?71 ',GEOPOLITICS & ,URBAN ,>M$ ,CONFLICT 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'1 91 ,SMALL ,W>S & ,9SURG5CIES1 ,VOL4#f1 ,NO4L 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#e74 ,?IS >TICLE IS A BIT \TDAT$ 7FAX MA*9ES AS NETWORK ?REAT67 BUT IS DEF9ITELY WOR? READ+ NOT LEA/ AS A GOOD ILLU/RATION ( ! CIRCUL>ITY ( ?\<T ON 9SURRECTION>Y POSSIBILITY4 ,I READ IT AS ,MIKE ,DAVIS 7:O IS A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/7 REF]5CES ?IS /UDY 9 HIS #bf BOOK ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS1 BUT IT'S NOTICEABLE ?AT A L>GE P>T ( ITS !SIS IS FROM ,DAVIS'S E>LI] BOOK 7:I* IT QUOTES7 ,CITY ( ,QU>TZ444 

.<#a#d.> ,*>LES ,ONYANGO-,OBBO1 ',KIB]A4 ,IT'S RI* CITY FOLKS :O NE$ SLUMS MO/'1 ,DAILY ,NATION1 OP_/$ #h ,JULY #b#i4 

.<#a#d#a.> ,GE(FREY ,DEM>E/ 7,U,S ,>MY ,=EIGN ,MILIT>Y ,/UDIES ,(FICE1 ,=T ,LEAV5WOR?71 ',GEOPOLITICS & ,URBAN ,>M$ ,CONFLICT 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'1 91 ,SMALL ,W>S & ,9SURG5CIES1 ,VOL4#f1 ,NO4L 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE ,SPR+ #a#i#i#e74 

.<#a#d#b.> ,JASON ,ADAMS1 ,NON-,WE/]N ,AN>*ISMS3 ,RE?9K+ ! ,GLOBAL ,CONTEXT 7,JOHANNESBURG3 ,ZABALAZA ,BOOKS1 #b#c74 

.<#a#d#c.> ,RI*>D ,MABEY1 ,WE$S3 ,H[ ,VAGABOND ,PLANTS ,GATECRA%$ ,CIVILIZATION & ,*ANG$ ! ,WAY ,WE ,?9K ,AB\T ,NATURE 7,LONDON3 ,PR(ILE ,BOOKS1 #b#a71 P4 #b#a4 

.<#a#d#d.> ,G]>D ,MANLEY ,HOPK9S1 ',9V]SNAID'1 91 ,POEMS & ,PROSE 7,LONDON4 ,P5GU9 ,CLASSIC1 #b#h71 P4 #e4 

.<#a#d#e.> ,AS ) SO MU* 9 CLIMATE *ANGE1 N>RATIVES AB\T :AT AFFECTS FUTURE GLOBAL HEAT+ MAY HAVE ON TROPICAL =E/S1 RANGE FROM ! POSITIVE TO ! APOCALYPTIC4 ,= A GOOD OV]VIEW SEE ! EXCELL5T3 ,SIMON ,L4 ,LEWIS1 ',TROPICAL =E/S & ! *ANG+ E>? SY/EM'1 91 ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,TRANSACTION ( ! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY ,B 7#b#f7 #c#f#a1 #a#i#e-#b#a4 

.<#a#d#f.> ,G>RY ,PET]SON1 ',ECOLOGICAL LIMITS ( ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE *ANGE'1 91 ,W ,NEIL ,ADG] ET AL ,ADAPT+ TO ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE3 ,?RE%OLDS1 ,VALUES1 ,GOV]NANCE 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i71 P4 #c#a4 

.<#a#d#g.> ,T4 ,E4 ,LOVEJOY1 ',CONS]VATION ) A ,*ANG+ ,CLIMATE'1 91 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 PP4 #c#b#e-#c#b#f4 

.<#a#d#h.> ,WE CAN LOOK AT TROPICAL =E/S -- ?OSE GREAT RES]VOIRS ( DIV]SITY -- 9 P>TICUL>4 0,PROJECTIONS TO #be E/IMATE #a.0 EXT9CTION 7I4E4 SPECIES COMMITT$ TO EXT9CTION7 ( ALL TROPICAL RA9 =E/ SPECIES BAS$ ON HABITAT LOSS ALONE1 BUT A F> GREAT] EXT9CTION ( #b#d.0 UND] PROJECT$ MID-RANGE CLIMATE *ANGE SC5>IOS40 -- ',BIODIV]SITY 9 A *ANG+ WORLD'1 91 ,JAB\RY ,<AZ\L & ,D\GLAS ,%EIL $S41 ,TROPICAL ,RA9 ,=E/ ,ECOLOGY1 ,DIV]SITY1 & ,CONS]VATION 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 P4 #c#e#f4 ,WORSE EMISSION SC5>IOS PU% ?AT HORR5D\S FIGURE TO #c#g.0 9 ONE MODEL4 -- ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #a#c#h4 

.<#a#d#i.> ',GRE5H\SE ,GAS ,LEVELS & ,BIODIV]SITY'1 91 ,?OMAS ,E4 ,LOVEJOY & ,LEE ,HANNAH1 $S41 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 P4 #c#i#e4 

.<#a#e.> ,/EPH5 ,M4 ,MEY]1 ,! ,5D ( ! ,WILD 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #d4 

.<#a#e#a.> ,/EPH5 ,M4 ,MEY]1 ,! ,5D ( ! ,WILD 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 PP4 #i-#a#d4 

.<#a#e#b.> ,/EPH5 ,M4 ,MEY]1 ,! ,5D ( ! ,WILD 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #a#f4 

.<#a#e#c.> 0,PROTECT$ >EAS >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT & MO/ EFFECTIVE COMPON5T ( CURR5T CONS]VATION /RATEGIES444 ,!RE IS /RONG REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL CONT9UE TO BE C5TRAL 9 CONS]VATION /RATEGIES DESIGN$ = CLIMATE *ANGE444 ,>EA UND] PROTECTION IS EXP&+1 :ILE REMA9+ UNDI/URB$ HABITAT IS DECL9+1 SO ?AT BY ! TIME CLIMATE *ANGE IMPACTS >E PRON\NC$1 PROTECT$ >EAS MAY REPRES5T MO/ ( ! REMA9+ NATURAL >EAS ( ! PLANET4 ,PROTECT$ >EAS PROVIDE ! LEA/ DI/URB$ NATURAL HABITAT1 & !RE=E ! BE/ HOPE = NATURAL RESPONSE 7E4G41 RANGE %IFTS7 TO *ANG+ CLIMATE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 PROTECT$ >EAS WILL PLAY A DOM9ANT ROLE 9 EF=TS TO CONS]VE BIODIV]SITY 9 ! FUTURE1 AS !Y DO N[40 -- ,LEE ,HANNAH & ,ROD ,SALM1 ',PROTECT$ ,>EAS ,MANAGEM5T 9 A ,*ANG+ ,CLIMATE'1 91 ,?OMAS ,E4 ,LOVEJOY & ,LEE ,HANNAH1 $S41 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 P4 #c#f#c4 

.<#a#e#d.> ,/EPH5 ,M4 ,MEY]1 ,! ,5D ( ! ,WILD 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #d#i4 

.<#a#e#e.> ,MIKE ,DAVIS1 ,PLANET ( ,SLUMS 7,LONDON3 ,V]SO1 #b#g71 P4 #a#c#f4 

.<#a#e#f.> ,= AN 9SI<TFUL AN?ROPOLOGICAL CRITIQUE ( A CONS]VATION-AS-DEVELOPM5T PROJECT SEE3 ,PAIGE ,WE/1 ,CONS]VATION IS ,\R ,GOV]NM5T ,N[3 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,ECOLOGY 9 ,PAPUA ,NEW ,GU9EA 7,DURHAM3 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS #b#f74 

.<#a#e#g.> ,= A GOOD 7IF AN?ROPOC5TRIC7 LOOK AT /ATE 5GAGEM5T BY CONS]VATION ORGANIZATIONS & ! RESULTANT CLA%ES ) 9DIG5\S PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY ?R\< ! CREATION ( ,NATIONAL ,P>KS1 SEE3 ,M>CUS ,COL*E/]1 ,SALVAG+ ,NATURE3 ,9DIG5\S ,PEOPLES1 ,PROTECT$ ,>EAS & ,BIODIV]SITY ,CONS]VATION 7,G5EVA3 ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,RESE>* ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,DEVELOPM5T ) ,WORLD ,RA9=E/ ,MOVEM5T1 #a#i#i#d74 

.<#a#e#h.> ,LEE ,HANNAH & ,ROD ,SALM1 ',PROTECT$ ,>EAS ,MANAGEM5T 9 A ,*ANG+ ,CLIMATE'1 91 ,?OMAS ,E4 ,LOVEJOY & ,LEE ,HANNAH1 $S41 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 P4 #c#g4 

.<#a#e#i.> ,?AT'S NOT TO SAY IT ALL MAKES S5SE4 ,MU* ( ,U,K CONS]VATION IS SIMPLY BAGGAGE FROM PREVI\S MANAGEM5T REGIMES OR IS SKEW$ T[>DS P>TICUL> FAVORITES 7WOODL& FL[]S AS AN EXAMPLE7 RA!R ?AN ORI5TAT$ TO A :OLE SY/EM APPROA*4 ,= AN OLD BUT UN=TUNATELY /ILL RELEVANT CRITIQUE SEE3 ,CLIVE ,HAMBL] & ,M>T9 ,R ,SPEI<T1 ',BIODIV]SITY ,CONS]VATION 9 ,BRITA93 ,SCI5CE ,REPLAC+ ,TRADITION'1 91 ,BRITI% ,WILDLIFE1 #f 7#c7 PP4 #a#c#g-#a#d#h4 

.<#a#f.> ',GLOBAL ,GRE5H\SE ,GAS ,LEVELS & ! ,FUTURE ( ,BIODIV]SITY'1 91 ,?OMAS ,E4 ,LOVEJOY & ,LEE ,HANNAH1 $S41 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 P4 #c#i4 

.<#a#f#a.> ,DAVE ,=EM51 SPEAK+ ON ! FILM1 ,E>? ,FIR/3 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,RADICAL ,5VIRONM5TALISM1 PRODUC$ BY ,*RI/OPH] ,MANES1 #a#i#h#g4 

.<#a#f#b.> ,AS HAS BE5 >GU$ WIDELY !RE IS A NE$ = 9CREAS$ ECOLOGICAL DEF5SE 9 BO? ! 'BIODIV]SITY HOTSPOTS' 7#c#d REGIONS ) HI< BIOLOGICAL DIV]SITY UND] IMM95T ?REAT7 & ! LA/ GREAT TROPICAL WILD]NESSES 7,AMAZON1 ,NEW ,GU9EA1 ,CONGO7 AS WELL AS AT ,SEA4 ,! SCALE ( ! PRES5T CRISIS & ! LIKELIHOOD ( FUTURE MASSIVE CLIMATE *ANGE MAY N[ ADD WEI<T TO ! >GUM5T CALL+ = A 'LONG W>' FOCUS ON ! LA/ BIG WILD]NESSES1 BUT IT'S PROBABLY NOT YET TIME TO GIVE UP ON ! HOTSPOTS ALL TOGE!R4 ,IT'S ALSO P]FECTLY CONCEIVABLE ?AT IF ! ,E>? ,SY/EM IS MOV+ TO A HOT /ATE !N EV5 ! 'LONG W>' /RATEGY IS RA!R \T ! W9D[4  
 ,HO HUM4 ,= AN UP-TO-DATE SUMMATION ( ,HOTSPOTS -- WWW4BIODIV]SITYHOTSPOTS 4ORG4 ,= A CRITIQUE SEE3 ,PET] ,K]EIVA & ,MI*ELLE ,M>VI]1 ',CONS]V+ ,BIODIV]SITY ,COLDSPOTS'1 91 ,AM]ICAN ,SCI5TI/1 ,VOLUME #ia 7#b#c71 PP4 #c#d#d-#c#e#a4 ,9 ! 5D1 NUMB] CRUN*+ ONLY GETS ONE SO F>2 IRRELEVANT ( AN ECOSY/EMS RELATIVE GLOBAL 'IMPORTANCE'1 IT IS \R DESIRE TO BE P>T ( IT & BECOME ITS DEF5SE ?AT PU%ES US TO ACTION1 :E!R IT'S A RA9=E/ ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! PLANET OR A REWILD+ VACANT LOT D[N ! ROAD4 

.<#a#f#c.> ',REQUIEM OR REVIVAL'1 91 ,JAB\RY ,<AZ\L & ,D\GLAS ,%EIL $S41 ,TROPICAL ,RA9 ,=E/ ,ECOLOGY1 ,DIV]SITY1 & ,CONS]VATION 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a71 P4 #d4 

.<#a#f#d.> ,SEA ,%EPH]D ,CONS]VATION ,SOCIETY -- WWW4 SEA%EPH]D4ORG_/GALAPAGOS_/ 

.<#a#f#e.> ,! ,?9 ,GRE5 ,L9E ,F\NDATION -- WWW4 ?+RE5L9E49FO 

.<#a#f#f.> ,= MORE 9FO ON ! ,ZAPATOS CASE SEE ,SOLID>ITY ,S\? ,PACIFIC -- WWW4ECO-ACTION4ORG_/SSP_/PRISON]S4HTML ,= AN EXCELL5T1 9=MATIVE & REFRE%+LY HONE/ OV]VIEW ( ! SOLID>ITY TRIP 9 QUE/ION & OV]VIEW ( ! ECOLOGICAL_/9DIG5\S /RUGGLES 9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES SEE3 ,FROM ,MACTAN TO ! ,M9+,ACT3 ,EV]YDAY /ORIES ( DEVA/ATION & RESI/ANCE AMONG ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLE ( ! ,PHILIPP9ES 7,LE$S3 ,REPRESS$ ,DI/RO1 #b#c74 

.<#a#f#g.> ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !RE >E NOT ABORIG9AL GR\PS1 M]ELY TO PO9T TO ! PROBABILITY ?AT MANY ( ?OSE SO LABEL$ OR :O CLAIM SU* '/ATUS' >E 9/EAD M>OON COMMUNITIES :O HAVE FL$ TO REMOTE >EAS TO AVOID 9CORPORATION 9TO CIVILIZATION4 ,SEE3 ,JAMES ,C4 ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,HI/ORY ( ,UPL& ,S\?-,EA/ ,ASIA 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 

.<#a#f#h.> ,?OMAS ,E4 ,LOVEJOY1 ',CONS]VATION ) A ,*ANG+ ,CLIMATE'1 91 ,?OMAS ,H4 ,LOVEJOY & ,LEE ,HANNAH1 $S41 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE & ,BIODIV]SITY 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 #b#f71 P4 #c#b#f4 

.<#a#f#i.> ,= A GOOD 9TRO TO ! IDEAS ( CONS]VATION REWILD+ -- ,DAVE ,=EMAN1 ,REWILD+ ,NOR? ,AM]ICA3 ,A ,VISION = ,CONS]VATION 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7,WA%+TON3 ,ISL& ,PRESS1 #b#d74 ,ALREADY REWILD+ IS A BIT ( A BUZZ WORD :I* IS NOT ONLY FRAM+ NEW /YLE CONS]VATION PROJECTS BUT ALSO BE+ US$ TO SEX UP PROJECTS ) LESS 'LEGITIMATE CLAIM'4 ,EI!R WAY = AN EASILY ACCESSIBLE -- IF PROPAG&I/ OV]VIEW ( CURR5T PROJECTS WORLDWIDE ,C>OL9E ,FRAS]1 ,REWILD+ ! ,WORLD3 ,DISPAT*ES FROM ! ,CONS]VATION ,REVOLUTION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H5RY ,HOLT1 #b#a74 

.<#a#g.> ,= SOME ?\<TS ON ECOLOGICAL RE/ORATION FROM A ,BRITI% RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL P]SPECTIVE SEE3 ',TAKE A ,SAD ,SONG & ,MAKE IT ,BETT]83 ,ECOLOGICAL ,RE/ORATION 9 ! ,U,I,C1 91 ,DO OR ,DIE1 ,NO4 #h1 #a#i#i#h1 PP4 #a#e#i-#a#g#c4 

.<#a#g#a.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,! ,VANI%+ ,FACE ( ,GAIA3 ,A ,F9AL ,W>N+ 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #b#i74 

.<#a#g#b.> ,M>Y ,MYCIO1 ,WORMWOOD ,=E/3 ,A ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY ( ,*]NOBYL 7,WA%+TON3 ,JOSEPH ,H5RY ,PRESS1 #b#e71 P4 #f4 ,ELEM5TS 9 ! ,UKRANIAN /ATE >E PRES5TLY 7#b#a7 PU%+ TO RE-DOME/ICATE MU* ( ! DES]T$ L& = AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION4 

.<#a#g#c.> ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #a#e#i4 

.<#a#g#d.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,! ,REV5GE ( ,GAIA 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #b#f71 P4 #a4 ,SOME HAVE QUE/ION$ IF HE G5U9ELY ?9KS ?IS1 IMPLY+ HE IS EXAGG]AT+ = EFFECT OR TO 5C\RAGE ACTION4 ,I ASK$ HIM ?IS P]SONALLY & HE SAID HE DOES G5U9ELY ?9K ?IS IS PROBABLY ! CASE4 

.<#a#g#e.> ,= EXAMPLE SOME MODELS PR$ICT ?AT 0! DR\<T CONDITIONS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! BRIEF ,AM]ICAN ,DU/B[L C\LD CONCEIVABLY BECOME ! .<,AM]ICAN ,S\?WE/.> REGIONS NEW CLIMATE40 -- ,LAUR5CE ,C4 ,SMI?1 ,! ,WORLD 9 #b#e3 ,F\R ,=CES ,%AP+ ,CIVILIZATION'S ,NOR!RN ,FUTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU91 #b#a71 P4 #a#h4 

.<#a#g#f.> 0,! CLIMATE W> C\LD KILL NE>LY ALL ( US & LEAVE ! FEW SURVIVORS LIV+ A /ONE AGE EXI/5CE4 ,BUT 9 SEV]AL PLACES 9 ! WORLD1 9CLUD+ ! ,U,K1 WE HAVE A *ANCE ( SURVIV+ & EV5 ( LIV+ WELL40 -- ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,! ,VANI%+ ,FACE ( ,GAIA3 ,A ,F9AL ,W>N+ 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #b#i71 P4 #b#b4 ,= AN 9T]E/+ P]SPECTIVE ON A FUTURE ,BRITA9 ,ISLES SEE3 ,M>EK ,KOHN1 ,TURN$ ,\T ,NICE3 ,H[ ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES WILL ,*ANGE AS ! ,WORLD ,HEATS ,UP 7,LONDON3 ,FAB] @& ,FAB]1 #b#a74 

.<#a#g#g.> 0,SOCIAL ,W>3 ,! N>RATIVE ( 'CLASS /RUGGLE' DEVELOP$ BEYOND CLASS TO 9CLUDE ! COMPLEXITIES & MULTIPLICITIES ( 444 CONFLICT )9 ALL HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS40 -- ,LIAM ,SIONNA*1 ',E>? ,FIR/ ,MEANS ,SOCIAL ,W>3 ,BECOM+ AN ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIAL ,=CE'1 91 ,E>? ,FIR/6 ,J\RNAL1 ,LU<NASADH #b#h1 ,VOL4 #b#h1 ,NO4 #e4 

.<#a#g#h.> ,EUROPOL1 ,T]RORI/ ,ACTIVITY 9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION3 ,SITUATIONS & ,TR5DS ,REPORT 7,EUROPOL3 ,! ,HAGUE1 #b#c74 

.<#a#g#i.> ,ZIG-,ZAG1 ,COLONIZATION & ,DECOL9IZATION3 ,A ,MANUAL = ,9DIG5\S ,LIB]ATION 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7,VICTORIA3 ,W>RIOR ,PUBLICATIONS1 #b#f71 P4 #b#h4 

.<#a#h.> ,JOHN ,B$D+TON1 QUOT$ 91 ,WORLD FACES ',P]FECT /ORM' ( PROBLEMS BY #b#c1 *IEF SCI5TI/ TO W>N'1 ,! ,GU>DIAN1 #a#h4#c4#b#i4 

.<#a#h#a.> ,U,K IMMIGRATION CONTROL WAS ACTUALLY A 'VICTORY' 7SIC7 FIR/ BR\<T 9 FOLL[+ A HUGE MOBILIZATION BY ! ,LEFT AGA9/ ,JEWI% MIGRANTS4 ,NOTICEABLY PRETTY MU* ! ONLY SECTION ( ! ,LEFT ?AT AGITAT$ AGA9/ IT WAS ! ONLY GR\PS ?AT DID NOT ACCEPT BORD]S AT ALL -- ! AN>*I/S4 ,SEE3 ,/EVE ,COH51 ,?AT'S ,FUNNY1 ,Y\ ,DON'T ,LOOK ,ANTI-,SEMITIC3 ,ANTI-RACI/ ,ANALYSIS ( ,LEFT ,ANTI-,SEMITISM 7,LONDON3 ,BEYOND ! ,PALE ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d74 

.<#a#h#b.> ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK1 ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE ON ! ,LIV+ ,E>?1 ,! ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY1 #bi ,OCTOB] #b#g4 

.<#a#h#c.> ',POOR 9 ,U,K DY+ #a YE>S E>LI] ?AN ! RI*1 DESPITE YE>S ( GOV]NM5T ACTION'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #b4#g4#b#a4 

.<#a#h#d.> ,RI*>D ,WILK9SON1 ,M9D ! ,GAP3 ,HI]>*IES1 ,HEAL? & ,HUMAN ,EVOLUTION 7,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD @& ,NI*OLSON1 #b74 

.<#a#h#e.> ,JAMES ,PHILLIPS1 ,TRAUMA1 ,REPAIR & ,RECOV]Y 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#h71 P4 #e4 

.<#a#h#f.> ,?IS /ATI/IC 9VOLVES AN ORD]+ ( DATA :I* SPLITS BO? CANC]S & ACCID5TS4 ,SEE3 ,CL>E ,GRIFFI?S ET AL41 ,LEAD+ CAUSES ( DEA? 9 ,5GL& & ,WALES -- ,H[ %\LD WE GR\P CAUSES8 7,LONDON3 ,NATIONAL ,(FICE ( ,/ATI/ICS1 #b#e71 P4 #a#a4 

.<#a#h#g.> ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM1 ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE 7,LONDON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c74 

.<#a#h#h.> 0,POLICE 9 ! ,U,K >E PLANN+ TO USE UNMANN$ SPY DRONES1 CONTROV]SIALLY DEPLOY$ 9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 = ! 'R\T9E' MONITOR+ ( ANTISOCIAL MOTORI/S1 PROTE/]S1 AGRICULTURAL ?IEVES & FLY-TIPP]S444 ,PREVI\SLY1 ,K5T POLICE HAS SAID ! DRONE S*EME WAS 9T5D$ = USE OV] ! ,5GLI% *ANNEL TO MONITOR %IPP+ & DETECT IMMIGRANTS CROSS+ FROM ,FRANCE4 ,H[EV]1 ! DOCUM5TS SUGGE/ ! M>ITIME FOCUS WAS1 AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 A PUBLIC RELATIONS /RATEGY DESIGN$ TO M9IMIZE CIVIL LIB]TY CONC]NS4 ',!RE IS POT5TIAL = !SE .<M>ITIME.> USES TO BE PROJECT$ AS A 'GOOD NEWS' /ORY TO ! PUBLIC RA!R ?AN MORE 'BIG BRO!R0 A M9UTE FROM ONE ( ! E>LIE/ MEET+S1 9 ,JULY #b#g1 /ATES40 -- ',C,C,T,V 9 ! ,SKY3 POLICE PLAN TO USE MILIT>Y-/YLE SPY DRONES'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #b#c4#a4#b#a4 ,MORE REC5TLY ,A,C,P,O CONFIRM$ ?AT ?REE =CES >E ALREADY US+ DRONES & A NATIONAL S*EME IS \T = T5D]1 ',UNMANN$ DRONES MAY BE US$ 9 POLICE SURVEILLANCE'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #b#d4#i4#b#a4 

.<#a#h#i.> ,DEVELOPM5T1 ,CONCEPTS & ,DOCTR9E ,C5T]1 ,GLOBAL ,/RATEGIC ,TR5DS ,PROGRAM #b#g-#b#c#f 7,LONDON3 ,M9I/RY ( ,DEF5SE1 #b#f74 ',A S\RCE DOCUM5T = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,U,K DEF5SE POLICY' QUOT$ 91 ,GWYNNE ,DY]1 ,CLIMATE ,W>S 7,TORONTO3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #b#i71 P4 #e4 

.<#a#i.> ',RURAL IDYLL OR T]RORI/ HUB8'1 ,GU>DIAN1 #c4#a4#b#i4 

.<#a#i#a.> ',SIL5CE & ,BEYOND'1 91 ,TIQQUN #a1 7,P>IS3 ,TIQQUN1#a#i#i#i74 

.<#a#i#b.> ,SEE3 ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,AN>*I/ ,VOICES 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#e71 ,! ,CALL 7,LONDON3 ,%ORT ,FUZE ,PRESS1 #b#a71 ,COL9 ,W>D1 ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h71 ',GR[+ ,C\NT] ,CULTURES'1 91 ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 PP4 #f#a-#g#i1 ,CRIME?9C1 ,DROPP+ \T3 ,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,V9DICATION ( ,REFUSAL1 ,M>GITIALITY1 & ,SUBCULTURE 7,LONDON3 ,ACTIVE ,DI/RIBUTION1 #b#a74 

.<#a#i#c.> ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 ,REVOLUTION & O!R ,WRIT+S 7,OAKL&3 ,P,M ,PRESS1 #b#a74 

.<#a#i#d.> ,D[N ) ,EMPIRE1 ,UP ) ,SPR+6 7,TE ,:ANGANUI A ,T>A_/,WELL+TCN3 ,REBEL ,PRESS1 #b#f71 P4 #g#g4 

.<#a#i#e.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S3 ,! ,H]OIC ,YE>S #a#h#f#h-#a#i#c#f4 ,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#h74 

.<#a#i#f.> ,COL9 ,W>D1 ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b71 P4 #e4 

.<#a#i#g.> ,W>D ,*UR*ILL1 ,PACIFISM AS ,PA?OLOGY 7,W9NIPEG3 ,>BEIT] ,R+1 #a#i#i#h7 PP4 #g-#g#d4 

.<#a#i#h.> ,TO USE ,JAMES ,SCOTT'S T]M1 9 A DIFF]5T CONTEXT4 ,JAMES ,SCOTT1 ,WEAPON IS ( ! ,WEAK3 ,EV]YDAY ,=MS ( ,PEASANT ,RESI/ANCE 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#g74 

.<#a#i#i.> ,9 CONTRA/1 AS ,FR5* AN>*I/ ,PI]RE ,*>DON PUT IT3 0,AN>*I/ ACTION7 -- PATI5T1 HIDD51 T5ACI\S1 9VOLV+ 9DIVIDUALS1 EAT+ AWAY AT 9/ITUTIONS LIKE A WORM EATS AWAY AT FRUIT1 AS T]MITES UND]M9E MAJE/IC TREES -- SU* ACTION DOES NOT L5D ITSELF TO ! !ATRICAL EFFECTS ( ?OSE :O WI% TO DRAW ATT5TION TO !MSELVES40 -- ,QUOT$ 91 ,DAVID ,B]RY1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#d#e 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#i71 P4 #d#b4 

.<#b.> ,9CID5TALLY ! !ORY_/PRACTICE ( #d,G,W IS HI<LY EVOLV$ & :ILE 9CORPORAT+ GU]RILLA & NETWORK W> HAS A WID] MEAN+ ON PAP] & ON ! GR\ND4 ,= ?IS ALONE ! BOOK IS WOR? READ+4 ,COLONEL ,?OMAS ,X4 ,HAMMES 7,U,S,M,C71 ,! ,SL+ @& ,! ,/ONE3 ,ON ,W> 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7,/4,PAUL3 ,Z5I? ,PRESS1 #b#d74 ,QUOTES1 P4 XIV & P4 #bi RESPECTIVELY4 ,! ,A,L,F DO HIL>I\SLY MAKE AN APPE>ANCE AS A POSSIBLE SCRE5 = A ,*9ESE MILIT>Y #d,G,W FALSE FLAG ATTACK ON ! ,AM]ICAN 'LIVE/OCK 9DU/RY4' P4 #b#e#i4 

.<#b#a.> 0,TO BE A FEM9I/1 ONE HAS FIR/ TO BECOME ONE444 ,FEM9I/S >E NOT AW>E ( DIFF]5T ?+S ?AN O!R PEOPLE2 !Y >E AW>E ( ! SAME ?+S DIFF]5TLY4 ,FEM9I/ CONSCI\SNESS1 IT MI<T BE V5TUR$1 TURNS A 'FACT' 9TO A 'CONTRADICTION4'0 -- ,S&RA ,LEE ,B>TKY1 QUOT$ 93 ,C>OL ,J ,ADAMS1 ,! ,SEXUAL ,POLITICS ( ,MEAT3 ,A ,FEM9I/-,VEGET>IAN ,CRITICAL ,!ORY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,CONT9UUM1 #a#i#i#a71 P4 #a#h#d4 ,:IL/ MANY >TICULATE !IR ,AN>*ISM ?ANKS TO ! WRITT5 WORD IT'S R>E1 9 MY EXP]I5CE AT LEA/1 ?AT MANY DECIDE TO BECOME AN>*I/ ?R\< IT4 ,RA!R ! MO/ P[]FUL 'PROPAG&A' IS ?AT 'BY ! DE$' -- LIV$ EXP]I5CE1 EI!R ?R\< 9VOLVEM5TS 9 RESI/ANCE OR ?R\< MEET+ ! LOVE & LIV$ E?ICS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES4 

.<#b#b.> ,A ,POLI% >I/OCRAT1 QUOT$ 91 ,JEAN ,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT 7,COSIMO ,9C3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #b#h71 P4 #g4 

.<#b#c.> ,K5NE? ,REXRO?1 ',RADICAL ,MOVEM5TS ON ! ,DEF5SIVE'1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,MAGAZ9E1 ,JULY #a#i#f#i4 ,BUREAU ( ,PUBLIC ,SECRETS -- ,REXRO? ,>*IVE1 7WWW4CDDC4VT4$U_/BPS_/REXRO?74 

.<#b#d.> ,CRIME?9C41 ',SAY Y\ WANT AN ,9SURRECTION3 ,PUTT+ ! 0,SOCIAL0 9 ,SOCIAL ,W>'1 91 ,ROLL+ ,?UND]1 ,NO4 #h1 ,FALL #b#i4 

.<#b#e.> ,BLACKBIRD ,RAUM1 ',VALKYRIE ,HORSE:IP ,REEL'1 ,SWIDD5 7,SANTA ,CRUZ3 ,BLACK ,P[D] ,RECORDS74 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ba 3 ,DES]T -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#h1 #bb 3 ,DES]T -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,DES]T -- ,UPDAT$4 

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