,DEMOCRACY3 ,! ,PATRIOTIC ,TEMPTATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,LIKE MO/ POLITICAL WORDS1 DEMOCRACY IS AN 0ESS5TIALLY CONTE/$0 CONCEPT--ITS MEAN+ IS ITSELF A POLITICAL BATTLEGR\ND4 ,:AT POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES DO1 AS MASS PATT]NS ( POLITICAL EXPRESSION1 IS TO 0DE-CONTE/0 OR FIX ! MEAN+ ( SU* CONCEPTS & PLACE !M 9 P>TICUL> RELATION%IPS4 ,! T]M 0EQUALITY10 = EXAMPLE1 CAN MEAN EQUAL ACCESS TO ADVANTAGE 7LIB]ALISM71 EQUAL RESPONSIBILITY TO ! NATIONAL COMMUNITY 7FASCISM71 OR EQUAL P[] 9 A CLASSLESS SOCIETY 7AN>*ISM74 ,ON SU* A READ+1 !RE IS NO WAY OBJECTIVELY TO DET]M9E ! MEAN+ ( SU* CONCEPTS--ALL ?AT EXI/S >E DI/9CT USAGES1 EA* ( !M REGUL>LY GR\P$ ) O!R CONCEPTS 9 ONE OR ANO!R IDEOLOGICAL =MATION4 

,I W\LD !RE=E LIKE TO SUSP5D ! DISCUSSION ( ! APPROPRIATE CONCEPTUAL UND]/&+ ( DEMOCRACY1 & 9/EAD ASK AB\T ! /RATEGIC *OICE TO EMPLOY ! T]M4 ,IS IT WOR?:ILE = AN>*I/S TO DE-CONTE/ 0DEMOCRACY0 9 WAYS ?AT PO9T T[>DS /ATELESSNESS & NON-DOM9ATION8 ,TWO >GUM5TS FOLL[4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT AN>*I/ 9VOCATIONS ( DEMOCRACY >E A RELATIVELY NEW & DI/9CTLY ,AM]ICAN PH5OM5ON4 ,! SECOND IS ?AT ! 9VOCATION IS PROBLEMATIC1 BECAUSE ITS RHETORICAL /RUCTURE & AUDI5CE T>GET+ ALMO/ 9EVITABLY 5D UP APPEAL+ TO PATRIOTIC S5TIM5TS & NATIONAL ORIG9 MY?S4 

,EV5 ! ,MO/ ,DEMOCRATIC ( ,DEMOCRACIES444 

,HI/ORICALLY1 DEMOCRACY WAS NOT A WORD ?AT AN>*I/S T5D$ TO USE 9 REF]5CE TO !IR [N VISIONS OR PRACTICES4 ,A SURVEY ( ! WRIT+S ( ! PROM95T AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S & !ORI/S ( ! #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURY REVEALS ?AT1 ON ! R>E OCCASIONS ON :I* !Y EV5 EMPLOY$ ! T]M1 IT WAS US$ 9 ITS CONV5TIONAL1 /ATI/ S5SE TO REF] TO ACTUALLY-EXI/+ DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS & 5TITLEM5TS )9 ! B\RGEOIS /ATE4 ,DEMOCRACY MEANT REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 AS OPPOS$ TO MON>*Y OR OLIG>*Y4 

,PR\DHON CLE>LY VIEW$ DEMOCRACY 9 !SE T]MS4 ,9 *APT] #a ( ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY HE WROTE3 

,! NATION1 SO LONG A VICTIM ( MON>*ICAL SELFI%NESS1 ?\<T TO DELIV] ITSELF = EV] BY DECL>+ ?AT IT ALONE WAS SOV]EIGN4 ,BUT :AT WAS MON>*Y8 ,! SOV]EIGNTY ( ONE MAN4 ,:AT IS DEMOCRACY8 ,! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! NATION1 OR1 RA!R1 ( ! NATIONAL MAJORITY444 9 REALITY !RE IS NO REVOLUTION 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 S9CE ! PR9CIPLE REMA9S ! SAME4 ,N[1 WE HAVE ! PRO( TO-DAY ?AT1 ) ! MO/ P]FECT DEMOCRACY1 WE CANNOT BE FREE4 

,! ISSUE = ,PR\DHON IS SOV]EIGNTY AS SU*1 & NOT ! QUE/ION ( :O OR :AT LEGITIMATES IT4 ,9 *APT] #g ( ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,POV]TY HE ALSO OBJECTS TO ANY 0SY/EM ( AU?ORITY1 :ATEV] ITS ORIG91 MON>*ICAL OR DEMOCRATIC0 7,PR\DHON #a#h#d#g74 ,AT NO PO9T DOES ,PR\DHON DI/+UI% BETWE5 0REAL0 & 0SO-CALL$0 DEMOCRACY2 ! T]M SIMPLY /&S = GOV]NM5T BY REPRES5TATIVES4 

,?IS APPROA* P]SI/S ?R\< ! AN>*I/ TRADITION4 ,BAKUN9 9 ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#g#c3#a#g#h7 ATTACKS ,M>XI/S :O 0BY POPUL> GOV]NM5T444 MEAN GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE BY A SMALL NUMB] ( REPRES5TATIVES ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE444 A LIE BEH9D :I* ! DESPOTISM ( A RUL+ M9ORITY IS CONCEAL$1 A LIE ALL ! MORE DANG]\S 9 ?AT IT REPRES5TS ITSELF AS ! EXPRESSION ( A %AM POPUL> WILL40 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN S\ND$ A SIMIL> CRITIQUE 9 ! ,MO!R ,E>? ,BULLET9 ( ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g3 

,! DEMOCRATIC AU?ORITY ( MAJORITY RULE IS ! LA/ PILL> ( TYRANNY4 ,! LA/1 BUT ! /RONGE/444 ! DESPOTISM ?AT IS 9VISIBLE BECAUSE NOT P]SONIFI$1 %E>S ,SAMSON ( HIS PASSION & LEAVES HIM WILL-LESS4 ,WOE TO ! PEOPLE :]E ! CITIZ5 IS A SOV]EIGN :OSE P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( HIS MA/]S6 ,IT IS A NATION ( WILL+ SLAVES4 

,F9ALLY1 ,MALATE/A 7#a#i#b#d7 ALSO TREATS 0DEMOCRACY0 ONLY 9 T]MS ( A SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T3 

,EV5 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC ( DEMOCRACIES IT IS ALWAYS A SMALL M9ORITY ?AT RULES & IMPOSES ITS WILL & 9T]E/S BY =CE444 ,!RE=E1 ?OSE :O REALLY WANT 'GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE' 9 ! S5SE ?AT EA* CAN ASS]T HIS OR H] [N WILL1 IDEAS & NE$S1 MU/ 5SURE ?AT NO ONE1 MAJORITY OR M9ORITY1 CAN RULE OV] O!RS2 9 O!R WORDS1 !Y MU/ ABOLI% GOV]NM5T1 MEAN+ ANY CO]CIVE ORGANIZATION1 & REPLACE IT ) ! FREE ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE ) COMMON 9T]E/S & AIMS4 

,9 ALL ( !SE CASES1 !RE IS NO ATTEMPT TO ALIGN AN>*ISM ) DEMOCRACY1 OR TO CON/RUE ! LATT] ON ANY T]MS O!R ?AN ?OSE ( CONV5TIONAL REPRES5TATIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! ASSOCIATION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & DEMOCRACY MAKES ITS APPE>ANCE ONLY >\ND ! #a#i#hS1 ?R\< ! WRIT+S ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 

,BOOK*9'S DISAV[AL ( AN>*ISM T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE IS IRRELEVANT H]E1 S9CE HIS /ATEM5TS REG>D+ DEMOCRACY HAD REMA9$ CONSI/5T S9CE ! LATE #gS1 :5 !Y W]E C\*$ 9 T]MS ( A /RATEGY RECOMM5D$ TO AN>*I/S4 ,E*O+ ,M>T9 ,BUB]'S CRITIQUE ( ! EXPANSION ( ! 0POLITICAL PR9CIPLE0 ( TOP-D[N P[] & C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! 0SOCIAL PR9CIPLE0 ( HORIZONTAL & SPONTANE\S RELATION%IPS 7,BUB] #a#i#e#g71 ,BOOK*9 SEES ! ONLY PROMIS+ AV5UE = RESI/ANCE 9 0A RECOV]Y ( COMMUNITY1 AUTONOMY1 RELATIVE SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 SELF RELIANCE1 & DIRECT DEMOCRACY0 ON ! LOCAL LEVEL1 FO/]+ 0SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT BY !IR V]Y LOGIC1 /& 9 %>P OPPOSITION TO 9CREAS+LY ALL P]VASIVE POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h74 ,?IS VISION IS CLE>LY ONE ( AN AN>*I/IC LOCALISM1 BAS$ ON 0FREE POPUL> ASSEMBLIES10 0COLLECTIVIZATION ( RES\RCES10 & /RICTLY M&AT$ DELEGATION ( ADM9I/RATIVE COORD9ATORS4 ,! QUE/ION REMA9S1 H[EV]3 %\LD ?IS >RANGEM5T BE PROMOT$ ) ! LANGUAGE ( DEMOCRACY--ALBEIT DIRECT & P>TICIPATORY8 ,:AT IS ! APPEAL ( SU* LANGUAGE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE8 

,SELL+ ,AN>*ISM AS ,DEMOCRACY 

,ESS5TIALLY1 ! ASSOCIATION ( AN>*ISM ) DEMOCRACY IS A TWO-PRONG$ RHETORICAL MANEUV] 9T5D$ TO 9CREASE ! APPEAL ( AN>*ISM = MA9/REAM PUBLICS4 ,! FIR/ COMPON5T ( ! MANEUV] IS TO LAT* ONTO ! EXI/+ POSITIVE CONNOTATIONS ?AT DEMOCRACY C>RIES 9 E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL LANGUAGE4 ,9/EAD ( ! NEGATIVE 7& FALSE7 IMAGE ( AN>*ISM AS M9DLESS & *AOTIC1 A POSITIVE IMAGE IS FO/]$ BY RID+ ON ! COATTAILS ( 0DEMOCRACY0 AS A WIDELY-5DORS$ T]M 9 ! MASS M$IA1 $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 & EV]YDAY SPEE*4 ,! APPEAL H]E IS NOT TO ANY SPECIFIC SET ( 9/ITUTIONS OR DECISION-MAK+ PROC$URES1 BUT TO ! ASSOCIATION ( DEMOCRACY ) FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 & SOLID>ITY--TO ! S5TIM5TS ?AT GO TO WORK :5 DEMOCRACY IS PLAC$ 9 B9>Y OPPOSITION TO DICTATOR%IP1 & CELEBRAT$ AS :AT DI/+UI%ES ! 0FREE C\NTRIES0 ( ! ,WE/ FROM O!R REGIMES4 

,YET ! SECOND COMPON5T ( ! MANEUV] IS SUBV]SIVE3 IT SEEKS TO PORTRAY CURR5T CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES AS NOT1 9 FACT1 DEMOCRATIC1 S9CE !Y ALI5ATE DECISION-MAK+ P[] FROM ! PEOPLE & PLACE IT 9 ! H&S ( ELITES4 ,?IS AM\NTS TO AN >GUM5T ?AT ! 9/ITUTIONS & PROC$URES ?AT MA9/REAM AUDI5CES ASSOCIATE ) DEMOCRACY--GOV]NM5T BY REPRES5TATIVES-->E NOT 9 FACT DEMOCRATIC1 OR AT LEA/ A V]Y PALE & LIMIT$ FULFILLM5T ( ! VALUES !Y >E SAID TO EMBODY4 ,TRUE DEMOCRACY1 9 ?IS ACC\NT1 CAN ONLY BE LOCAL1 DIRECT1 P>TICIPATORY1 & DELIB]ATIVE1 & IS ULTIMATELY A*IEVABLE ONLY 9 A /ATELESS & CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,! RHETORICAL AIM ( ! MANEUV] AS A :OLE IS TO G5]ATE 9 ! AUDI5CE A S5SE ( 9DIGNATION AT HAV+ BE5 DECEIV$3 :ILE ! EMOTIONAL ATTA*M5T TO 0DEMOCRACY0 IS CONFIRM$1 ! BELIEF ?AT IT ACTUALLY EXI/S IS D5I$4 

,N[ !RE >E TWO PROBLEMS ) ?IS MANEUV]1 ONE CONCEPTUAL & ONE MORE SUB/ANTIVE4 ,! CONCEPTUAL PROBLEM IS ?AT IT 9TRODUCES A TRULY IDIOSYNCRATIC NOTION ( DEMOCRACY1 SO AMBITI\S AS TO DISQUALIFY ALMO/ ALL POLITICAL EXP]I5CES ?AT FALL UND] ! COMMON UND]/&+ ( ! T]M--9CLUD+ ALL ELECTORAL SY/EMS 9 :I* REPRES5TATIVES DO NOT HAVE A /RICT M&ATE & >E NOT IMM$IATELY RECALLABLE4 ,BY CLAIM+ ?AT CURR5T 0DEMOCRATIC0 REGIMES >E 9 FACT NOT DEMOCRATIC AT ALL & ?AT ! ONLY DEMOCRACY WOR?Y ( ! NAME IS ACTUALLY SOME V]SION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 AN>*I/S >E ASK+ PEOPLE TO RECONFIGURE !IR UND]/&+ ( DEMOCRACY 9 A RA!R EXTREME WAY4 ,:ILE IT IS POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 ?IS NEW USAGE ) LOGICAL COH]5CE1 IT IS NEV]!LESS SO R>EFI$ & CONTR>Y TO ! COMMON USAGE ?AT ITS POT5TIAL AS A PIVOT = MA9/REAM OP9ION IS HI<LY QUE/IONABLE4 

,! SECOND PROBLEM IS GRAV]4 ,:ILE ! ASSOCIATION ) DEMOCRACY MAY SEEK TO APPEAL ONLY TO ITS EGALIT>IAN & LIB]T>IAN CONNOTATIONS1 IT ALSO 5TANGLES AN>*ISM ) ! PATRIOTIC NATURE ( ! PRIDE 9 DEMOCRACY :I* IT SEEKS TO SUBV]T4 ,! APPEAL IS NOT SIMPLY TO AN AB/RACT DESIGN = P>TICIPATORY 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT TO P>TICIPATORY 9/ITUTIONS RECOV]$ FROM ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION4 ,BOOK*9 7#a#i#h#e7 IS QUITE EXPLICIT AB\T ?IS1 :5 HE CALLS ON AN>*I/S TO 0/>T SPEAK+ 9 ! VOCABUL>Y ( ! DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS0 :ILE UNE>?+ & 5L>G+ !IR LIB]T>IAN CONT5T3 

,?AT .<,AM]ICAN.> B\RGEOIS PA/ HAS LIB]T>IAN FEATURES AB\T IT3 ! T[N MEET+S ( ,NEW ,5GL&4 ,MUNICIPAL & LOCAL CONTROL1 ! ,AM]ICAN MY?OLOGY ?AT ! LESS GOV]NM5T ! BETT]1 ! ,AM]ICAN BELIEF 9 9DEP5D5CE & 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,ALL !SE ?+S >E ANTI!TICAL TO A CYB]NETIC ECONOMY1 A HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ CORPORATIVE ECONOMY & A HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL SY/EM444 ,I'M = DEMOCRATIZ+ ! REPUBLIC & RADICALIZ+ ! DEMOCRACY1 & DO+ ?AT ON ! GRASS ROOTS LEVEL3 ?AT WILL 9VOLVE E/ABLI%+ LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTIONS :I* >E TOTALLY CONSI/5T ) ! ,AM]ICAN TRADITION4 ,WE CAN'T GO BACK TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION OR ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ANY MORE4 ,?OSE REVOLUTIONS >E ALI5 TO PEOPLE 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,C9DY ,MIL/E9'S =MULATION 9 H] >TICLE 0,DEMOCRACY IS ,DIRECT0 7,MIL/E9 #b7 WORKS DIRECTLY TO FULFILL ?IS PROGRAM BY SEEK+ TO BUILD ON ,AM]ICAN ORIG9 MY?S3 

,GIV5 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS HELD UP AS ! P9NACLE ( DEMOCRACY1 IT SEEMS P>TICUL>LY APPROPRIATE TO H>K BACK TO ?OSE /RA9S ( A RADICALIZ$ DEMOCRACY ?AT F\<T SO VALIANTLY & LO/ SO CRU%+LY 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,WE NE$ TO TAKE UP ?AT UNF9I%$ PROJECT444 ,LIKE ALL ! GREAT MOD]N REVOLUTIONS1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION SPAWN$ A POLITICS BAS$ ON FACE-TO-FACE ASSEMBLIES CONF$]AT$ )9 & BETWE5 CITIES444 ,?OSE ( US LIV+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE 9H]IT$ ?IS SELF-S*OOL+ 9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 EV5 IF ONLY 9 VAGUE E*OES444 DEEP-SEAT$ VALUES ?AT MANY /ILL HOLD DE>3 9DEP5D5CE1 9ITIATIVE1 LIB]TY1 EQUALITY4 ,!Y CONT9UE TO CREATE A V]Y REAL T5SION BETWE5 GRASSROOTS SELF-GOV]NANCE & TOP-D[N REPRES5TATION4 

,! APPEAL TO ! CONS5SUS VIEW ( ! ,AM]ICAN POLITY AS F\ND$ 9 A POPUL> & DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION1 G5U9ELY ANIMAT$ BY FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 IS PRECISELY 9T5D$ TO T>GET EXI/+ PATRIOTIC S5TIM5TS1 EV5 AS IT EMPHASIZES !IR SUBV]SIVE CONSEQU5CES4 ,MIL/E9 EV5 9VOKES ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN'S ,GETTYSBURG ,ADDRESS :5 %E CRITICIZES RE=MI/ AG5DAS :I* 0WORK ) A CIRCUMSCRIB$ & NEUTRALIZ$ NOTION ( DEMOCRACY1 :]E DEMOCRACY IS NEI!R ( ! PEOPLE1 BY ! PEOPLE1 NOR = ! PEOPLE1 BUT RA!R1 ONLY 9 ! SUPPOS$ NAME ( ! PEOPLE40 ,YET ?IS IS A DANG]\S MOVE1 S9CE IT RELIES ON A SELF-LIMIT+ CRITIQUE ( ! PATRIOTIC S5TIM5T ITSELF1 & ALL[S ! F\NDATION MY?S TO :I* IT APPEALS TO REMA9 UNT\*$ BY CRITIQUES ( MANUFACTUR$ COLLECTIVE ID5TITY & COLONIAL EXCLUSION4 ,:ILE NOT+ ! NE$ NOT TO :ITEWA% ! RACIAL1 G5D]$1 & O!R 9JU/ICES ?AT W]E P>T ( 0! HI/ORIC EV5T ?AT CREAT$ ?IS C\NTRY10 ,MIL/E9 CAN ONLY (F] AN UNSPECIFIC EXHORTATION TO 0GRAPPLE ) ! RELATION BETWE5 ?IS OPPRESSION & ! LIB]ATORY MOM5TS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION40 

,YET GIV5 ?AT ! APPEAL IS T>GET$ AT NON-AN>*I/ P>TICIPANTS1 !RE IS LITTLE IF ANY GU>ANTEE ?AT SU* A GRAPPL+ W\LD ACTUALLY TAKE PLACE4 ,! PATRIOTIC S5TIM5T APPEAL$ TO H]E IS MORE (T5 ?AN NOT A COMPON5T ( A L>G] NATIONALI/ N>RATIVE1 ONE ?AT H>DLY P>TAKES ( A DECOLONIAL CRITIQUE 7:I* BY ITSELF W\LD HAVE MANY QUE/IONS AB\T ! ,WE/]N 5LI<T5M5T ROOTS ( NOTIONS ( CITIZ5%IP & ! PUBLIC SPH]E74 ,! CELEBRATION ( DEMOCRACY 9 T]MS ?AT DIRECTLY 9VOKE ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,AM]ICAN POLITY MAY 5D UP RE9=C+ RA!R ?AN QUE/ION+ LOYALTIES TO ! NATION-/ATE ?AT CLAIMS1 H[EV] FALSELY1 TO BE ! C>RI] ( ! DEMOCRATIC 9H]ITANCE ( ! COLONIAL P]IOD4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY POIGNANT 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! REC5T WAVE ( MOBILIZATION1 :I* DISPLAYS PRECISELY ?IS MIX ( QU9TESS5TIALLY AN>*I/-9FLU5C$ MEANS ( ORGANIZATION & ACTION1 & DI/9CTLY PATRIOTIC & NATIONALI/ DISC\RSES--FROM ! ,EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION'S EMBRACE ( ! MILIT>Y1 ?R\< ! ,JEFF]SONIAN S5TIM5TS P]VAD+ ! ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T1 & ON TO ! \TRI<T NATIONALISM ( ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION4 

,!RE IS1 9DE$1 ONE REASON TO QUE/ION ?IS CONC]N--NAMELY1 ! DEMOCRATIC & NATIONALI/ S5TIM5TS ?AT HAVE BE5 EXPRESS$ BY MOVEM5TS ) :I* AN>*I/S HAVE GOOD REASONS TO S5SE AN AFF9ITY4 ,! MO/ PROM95T ( !SE >E ! /RUGGLES ( COMMUNITIES 9 ,*IAPAS L9K$ TO ! ,ZAPATI/A ,>MY ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION 9 S\!A/ ,MEXICO & ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,ROJAVA OR ,SYRIAN ,KURDI/AN4 ,BO? HAVE NOT ONLY EMPLOY$ ! LANGUAGE ( DEMOCRACY TO SIGNIFY A DEC5TRALIZ$ & EGALIT>IAN =M ( SOCIETY1 BUT ALSO AN EXPLICIT AG5DA ( NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,! ,KURDI% MOVEM5T HAS PUBLICLY 5DORS$ ,BOOK*9 AS A S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION4 ,DOES ?IS MEAN ?AT AN>*I/S >E WRONG TO MA9TA9 ACTIVE SOLID>ITY ) !SE MOVEM5TS8 ,MY ANSW] IS 0,NO0--BUT DUE TO A CRUCIAL DIFF]5CE ?AT ALSO V9DICATES ! G5]AL >GUM5T ABOVE4 ,IT IS NOT ! SAME ?+ = /ATELESS M9ORITIES 9 ! GLOBAL ,S\? TO USE ! LANGUAGE ( DEMOCRACY & NATIONAL LIB]ATION AS IT IS = CITIZ5S ( ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES 9 :I* NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE IS ALREADY AN ACCOMPLI%$ FACT4 ,! =M] DO NOT APPEAL TO PATRIOTIC F\ND+ MY?S 5G5D]$ BY AN EXI/+ NATION /ATE1 ) !IR ASSOCIAT$ PRIVILEGES & 9JU/ICES1 BUT TO ! POSSIBILITY ( A DIFF]5T & UNTE/$ =M ( RADICALLY DEC5TRALIZ$ & POT5TIALLY /ATELESS 0NATIONAL LIB]ATION40 ,TO BE SURE1 ?IS C>RIES ITS [N RISKS1 BUT AN>*I/S 9 ! GLOBAL ,NOR? >E H>DLY 9 A POSITION TO PREA* ON !SE MATT]S4 

,?US WE RETURN TO ! MA9 PO9T3 = AN>*I/S 9 ! ,U,S,A & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 AT LEA/1 ! *OICE TO USE ! LANGUAGE ( DEMOCRACY IS BAS$ ON ! DESIRE TO MOBILIZE & SUBV]T A =M ( PATRIOTISM ?AT IS ULTIMATELY E/ABLI%M5T-FRI5DLY2 IT RISKS CEM5T+ ! NATIONALI/ S5TIM5TS IT SEEKS TO UND]M9E4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS HAD A PUBLIC IMAGE PROBLEM4 ,TRY+ TO UNDO IT ?R\< ! CONNECTION TO MA9/REAM DEMOCRATIC & NATIONALI/ S5TIM5TS IS NOT WOR? ?IS RISK4 

,REF]5CES 

,BAKUN91 ,MIKHAIL4 #a#h#g#c4 ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 TRANS4 ,M>%ALL ,S4 ,%ATZ 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i74 

,B]KMAN1 ,ALEXABD]4 #a#i#a#g4 ,APROPOS4 ,MO!R ,E>? ,BULLET9 #a4#a4 

,BOOK*91 ,MURRAY4 #a#i#h4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,CRISIS ,I,I4 ,COMM5T #a4#e4 

,BOOK*91 ,MURRAY4 #a#i#h#e4 ,RADICALIZ+ ,DEMOCRACY 79T]VIEW74 ,KICK ,IT ,OV] #a#d4 

,BUB]1 ,M>T94 #a#i#e#g4 ,SOCIETY & ! ,/ATE1 TRANS4 ,MAURICE ,FRI$MAN4 ,9 ,PO9T+ ! ,WAY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P]74 ,REPR9T$ 9 ,AN>*Y #e#d4 

,MALATE/A1 ,]RICO4 #a#i#b#d4 ,DEMOCRACY & ,AN>*Y1 TRANS4 ,GILLIAN ,FLEM+ & ,V]NON ,RI*>DS4 ,9 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION3 ,POLEMICAL ,>TICLES #a#i#b#d-#a#i#c#a 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM1 #a#i#i#e74 

,MIL/E91 ,C9DY4 #b4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ,DIRECT4 ,9 ,AN>*ISM & ITS ,ASPIRATIONS 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#a74 

,PR\DHON1 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH4 #a#h#d4 ,:AT ,IS ,PROP]TY1 TRANS4 ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK]4 7,NEW ,YORK1 ,N,Y3 ,HUMBOLDT1 #a#h#i74 

,PR\DHON1 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH4 #a#h#d#g4 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,POV]TY1 TRANS4 ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] 7,CAMBRIDGE 1,M,A3 ,WILSON1 #a#h#h#h74 

,ROCK]1 ,RUDOLF4 #a#i#c#g4 ,NATIONALISM & ,CULTURE1 TRANS4 ,RAY ,E4 ,*ASE 7,/4 ,PAUL3 ,C\<L91 #a#i#g#h74 

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