,DEMOCRACY OR ,AN>*Y 

#ahhd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY RU.-&]SON1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
,DEMOCRACY IS ! POLITICAL !ORY ?AT ASSUMES ?AT ALL MEMB]S ( A COMMUNITY MEET AS EQUALS ON EQUAL T]MS1 BUT ?AT NEV]!LESS ! MAJORITY HAVE AN ABSOLUTE RI<T TO OV]-RULE ! M9ORITY4 ,& IT IS WOR?:ILE TO LOOK CLOSELY 9TO ! REAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS CURI\S NON SEQUITUR1 :I* />T+ ) ! =MULA ( FREE ASSOCIATION 5DS ) ! =MULA ( AU?ORITY4 

,:]E DOES ! MAJORITY GET ITS ABSOLUTE RI<T FROM8 ,RI<T IS A DUBI\S WORD ?AT ONE GETS 9 ! WAY ( US+ )\T EXPLANATION2 BUT ,I SUPPOSE ?AT WE MEAN BY IT 9 A G5]AL WAY1 A CLAIM PUT =W>D BY MEMB]S ( A SOCIETY & ALL[$ BY ! RE/1 EI!R BECAUSE !Y FEEL IT TO BE JU/ OR BECAUSE !Y >E AFRAID OR UNWILL+ TO CONTE/ IT - A SOCIALLY RECOGNIZ$ CLAIM 9 FACT4 ,IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT M5 HAVE NO RI<TS AS AGA9/ ONE ANO!R 9DIVIDUALLY & COLLECTIVELY BUT SU* AS !Y >E ABLE TO MA9TA9 BY SUP]IOR =CE4 ,& ,I ?9K ?AT ?\< ?IS B>B>\S & 9HUMAN !ORY IS P]FECTLY UNTRUE ( MANY SOCIAL RI<TS1 IT IS ! UNIV]SAL EXPLANATION ( ! ACCEPTANCE ( A CLAIM TO RULE4 ,BUT CAN MAJORITY RULE CLAIM ITS RI<T ON !SE GR\NDS8 

,IS IT NOT A PLA9 & OBVI\S TRU? ?AT SUPREMACY 9 BRUTE =CE BY NO MEANS RE/S ) ! MAJORITY4 ,HI/ORY & DAILY LIFE %[ US EXAMPLES ?ICK AS BLACKB]RIES ( AN 5]GETIC & RESOLUTE M9ORITY UTT]LY DEFEAT+ ! MAJORITY 9 ! MO/ DESP]ATE TRIALS ( ACTUAL PHYSICAL /R5G?1 EV] S9CE ! DAYS :5 A H&FUL ( ,GREEKS DEFEAT$ ! MI<TY HO/S ( ,P]SIA ON ! PLA9 ( ,M>A?ON & ,HORATIUS & HIS TWO COMRADES HELD ! ,TIB] BRIDGE AGA9/ ! >MY ( ,L>S ,PORS5A4 ,PROVID5CE FI<TS ON ! SIDE ( ! /RONGE/ BATTALION1 BUT NOT BY ANY MEANS ON ?OSE ( ! L>GE/4 ,& ?IS IS EV5 MORE OBVI\SLY TRUE :5 ! CONTE/ IS TRANSF]R$ TO ! 9TELLECTUAL FIELD4 

,NO2 ! HI/ORY ( AU?ORITY HAS CONSI/$ ( A S]IES ( M9ORITY RULES1 EA* ONE ( :I* HAS EXI/$ 9 VIRTUE ( ! SUP]IOR POSSESSION ( ! REAL /R5G? ( VITAL 5]GY 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R4 ,& :]E IS ! EVID5CE ?AT ! DOM9AT+ =CE IS AB\T TO BECOME OR IS BECOM+ ! PORTION ( ! MAJORITY8 ,! MAJORITY TODAY RETA9S ! RELATION IT HAS ALWAYS RETA9$ TO ! 5]GETIC M9ORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,IT REPRES5TS ! DEAD BLI<T ( A BL9D ADH]5CE TO HABIT & CU/OM1 ( 9S5SIBILITY1 DULLNESS & APA?Y1 ( LAZY 9CL9ATION TO AVOID ALL RESPONSIBILITY1 ALL RE=M1 ALL 5LI<T5M5T1 9 FACT ALL DEP>TURE FROM ! BEAT5 TRACK1 ALL NE$ = UNWONT$ EX]TION EV5 9 ?\<T4 ,IF IT IS TO EX]CISE AU?ORITY IT WILL EX]CISE IT ONLY BY ! DEAD WEI<T ( 9]TIA1 ! BL9D =CE ( UNREASON+ & IRRESPONSIBLE /UPIDITY - 9 ! S5SE1 9 FACT1 9 :I* IT EX]CISES IT N[ & ALWAYS HAS EX]CIS$ IT4 

,NO D\BT 0! PUBLIC COLLECTIVELY01 AS ,MILL SAYS1 0IS ABUNDANTLY READY TO IMPOSE NOT ONLY ITS G5]ALLY N>R[ VIEWS ( ITS [N 9T]E/S1 BUT ITS AB/RACT OP9ION & EV5 ITS TA/ES UPON 9DIVIDUALS40 ,& IF IT HAS MA*9]Y AT COMM& = DO+ ?IS )\T TR\BLE IT WILL OPPRESS )\T M]CY4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5S W]E ANY MORE UNWILL+ ?AT ! ,*ICAGO M5 OR ,JOHN ,BR[N %\LD BE HANG$ ?AN ! MAJORITY ( ,JEWS ?AT ,*RI/ %\LD BE CRUCIFI$8 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT A PLEBISCITE ( ,LONDON CITIZ5S1 OR ! 9HABITANTS ( ,5GL& W\LD MA9TA9 ! RI<T ( MEET+ 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E8 ,9 ! NAME ( HUMAN PROGRESS & ! SPONTANE\S 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE ON :I* IT DEP5DS1 WE MAY ?ANK \R />S ?AT ! MAJORITY AS YET %[ NO SIGN ( ACQUIR+ ?AT RI<T TO RULE F\ND$ ON SUP]IOR =CE4 ,BUT IF ! !ORY ( DEMOCRACY OR ! RULE ( ! MAJORITY CANNOT BE BAS$ ON ! APPEAL TO =CE :I* HAS BE5 ! BASIS ( ALL O!R OV]-RUL+1 :AT1 !N IS ITS BASIS8 ,%ALL WE SAY EXP$I5CY8 ,IT IS A FIR/ APPROXIMATION - A BLUND]+ ATTEMPT TO RETURN TO ! PR9CIPLE ( FREE ASSOCIATION1 /ILL HAMP]$ BY ! IDEAS ( AU?ORITY YET CURR5T 9 SOCIETY4 ,ON ALL OCCASIONS = COMMON ACTION1 OR :]E A G5]AL UND]/&+ IS DESIRABLE1 ONE MU/ HAVE SOME PR9CIPLE ( DECISION & ! REC5T DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIAL FEEL+ HAS R5D]$ AN APPEAL TO ! OLD SPECIES ( AU?ORITY AS MORALLY ODI\S1 AS IT IS 9TELLECTUALLY CONTEMPTIBLE4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( COMMON EXP]I5CE ?AT M51 LIKE %EEP & ALL O!R GREG>I\S & SOCIAL ANIMALS1 HAVE A PRETTY G5]AL T5D5CY TO GO 9 MASSES & ACT TOGE!R UNLESS !Y >E PREV5T$ BY SOME ABNORMAL DIVISION ( 9T]E/S4 ,EA* ONE ( US IS 9CL9$ BY \R SOCIAL FEEL+ TO LIKE 9 A G5]AL WAY TO DO :AT ! RE/ LIKE4 ,9 N9ETY-N9E CASES \T ( A HUNDR$ :]E A NUMB] ( PEOPLE >E MET TOGE!R TO DECIDE UPON SOME COMMON C\RSE ( CONDUCT1 !Y WILL ALL 9 ! 5D COME TO SOME DEF9ITE DECISION 9 FAVOR ( ONE ?+2 BECAUSE ?OSE :O W]E AT ONE TIME 9CL9$ TO DISS5T1 PREF] 9 ! 5D TO ACT ) ! MAJORITY1 IF ! MATT] IS ( PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE2 NOT BECAUSE !Y >E =C$ TO DO SO BY ! MAJORITY OV]-RUL+1 BUT BECAUSE ! L>GE/ BODY ( OP9ION HAS SO MU* WEI<T ) !M ?AT !Y *OOSE NOT TO ACT CONTR>Y TO IT4 

,WE ALL ADMIT ?IS G5]AL FACT4 ,IT W\LD BE QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO TAKE ANY COMMON ACTION AT ALL IF IT W]E NOT SO4 ,BUT ! SPECIAL !ORY ( DEMOCRACY IS ?AT ! G5]AL T5D5CY ( HUMANITY :I* BECOMES SO APP>5T :5EV] M5 ASSOCIATE ON ANY?+ LIKE T]MS ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 %\LD BE MADE BY M5 9TO AN >BITR>Y LAW ( HUMAN CONDUCT TO BE 5=C$ NOT ONLY 9 ! N9ETY-N9E CASES :]E NATURE 5=CES IT1 BUT BY ! >BITR>Y ME?ODS ( CO]CION 9 ! HUNDR$? :]E %E DOESN'T4 ,& = ! SAKE ( ! HUNDR$? CASE1 = ! SAKE ( 5=C+ ?IS G5]AL NATURAL T5D5CY :]E NATURE DOES NOT 5=CE IT1 DEMOCRATS W\LD HAVE US RETA9 9 \R POLITICAL RELATION ?AT FATAL PR9CIPLE ( ! AU?ORITY ( MAN OV] MAN :I* HAS BE5 ! CAUSE ( CONFUSION & DISORD]1 ( WRONG & MIS]Y 9 HUMAN SOCIETIES S9CE ! DAWN ( HI/ORY4 

0,M5 >E NOT SOCIAL 5\< TO DO )\T IT10 IT HAS BE5 SAID4 ,= \R P>T WE DO NOT KN[ :5 !Y WILL BE SOCIAL 5\< TO DO ) IT4 ,EXP]I5CE HAS NOT YET REVEAL$ ! MAN :O C\LD BE SAFELY TRU/$ ) P[] OV] HIS FELL[S2 & MAJORITY RULE IS NO?+ ELSE 9 PRACTICE ?AN PUTT+ 9TO ! H&S ( AMBITI\S 9DIVIDUALS ! OPPORTUNITY TO CRU% !IR FELL[S BY ! DEAD WEI<T ( ! BL9D MASS ( :I* WE HAVE SPOK54 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhc 3 ,DEMOCRACY OR ,AN>*Y -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #b#c1 #bai 3 ,DEMOCRACY OR ,AN>*Y -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,DEMOCRACY OR ,AN>*Y -- ,UPDAT$4 

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