,DEBT3 ,! ,POSSIBILITIES ,IGNOR$ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GILLIS 

,TEXT 3 

,IT'S NO SECRET ?AT ECONOMI/S & LIB]T>IANS HAVE DEVELOP$ A BAD HABIT ( ASSUM+ ?+S AB\T HI/ORY & O!R SOCIETIES ON FIR/ PR9CIPLE )\T ACTUALLY *ECK+ >*AEOLOGICAL OR AN?ROPOLOGICAL F9D+S4 ,ON OCCASION ! DIVIDE CAN BE QUITE />K4 ,DAVID ,GRAEB]'S ,DEBT3 ,! ,FIR/ #e ,YE>S GETS A LOT ( MOM5TUM BY ATTACK+ A WIDELY CIRCULAT$ ECONOMIC FABLE PURPORT+ TO EXPLA9 ! ORIG9 ( CURR5CY :]E9 CO9AGE PREC$ES CR$IT4 ,IT %\LDN'T BE A SURPRISE ?AT ! 0,I NE$ A BLANKET & ALL ,I HAVE TO B>T] ) >E FIVE *ICK5S BUT EV]YONE 9 MY VILLAGE LIKES C[RY %ELLS0 DILEMMA AT ! />T ( ELEM5T>Y ECONOMICS TEXTBOOKS HAS NO CLE> HI/ORICAL BASIS2 !RE'S LITTLE EVID5CE SMALL TRIBES OR VILLAGES NE$$ TO 9V5T PHYSICAL CURR5CY TO FACILITATE M>KET EX*ANGE 9T]NALLY BECAUSE REPUTATION & CR$IT >E F> MORE NATURAL & FLEXIBLE4 

,TO SAY ?IS IS SYMPA!TIC T]RITORY = ME W\LD BE AN UND]/ATEM5T4 ,9 MY LONGE/ ESSAY 9 ,M>KETS ,NOT ,CAPITALISM ,I EMPHASIZ$ ! ROLE REPUTATION & GOODWILL PLAY 9 RELATION%IPS AS MORE FUNDAM5TAL & F\NDATIONAL ?AN PROP]TY TITLES & CRITIQU$ ! RECURR+ ASSUMPTION ?AT PROP]TY TITLES >E 9H]5T TO ALL SOCIETIES4 ,EV5 ?\< MY CONCLUSION WAS A FULL-?ROAT$ DEF5SE ( PROP]TY TITLES1 ALBEIT REPOSITION$ AS A LOOS]1 LESS ABSOLUTE1 SECOND ORD] D]IVATION FROM GOODWILL & REPUTATION1 Y\ MI<T BE =GIV5 = EXPECT+ A /RICTLY POSITIVE REVIEW ( ,GRAEB]'S BREAK\T BOOK4 ,C]TA9LY MANY ( MY COLLEAGUES DID4 ,& !RE IS A LOT TO BE F\ND ( VALUE 9 ,DEBT = LIB]T>IANS & AN>*I/S ( ALL /RIPES4 ,IT IS A REFRE%+LY AUDACI\S WORK HE>K5+ T[>DS ! K9D ( GR& !ORY BUILD+ RADICALS US$ TO DO & ,I'VE F\ND MYSELF H&+ IT \T TO Y\NG ACTIVI/S HUNGRY = SOME?+ ( MORE AUDACITY & SCOPE ?AN ,GELD]LOOS OR ,BONANNO4 ,IT'S BE5 F> TOO LONG S9CE A WORK ( AN>*I/ !ORY TOPP$ BE/SELL] LI/S4 ,& ANY?+ ?AT SO FLU/]S & DISCOMBOBULATES LIB]ALS1 M>XI/S1 & VULG> LIB]T>IANS ALIKE IS SURELY ( VALUE4 

,H[EV] ,DEBT IS NOT )\T ITS FLAWS1 SOME ( !M QUITE VEX+4 ,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ ?+ AB\T AN?ROPOLOGY IS ITS CAPACITY TO DEMON/RATE ?AT (T5 UNEXAM9$ NORMS WE CONSID] UNIV]SAL >E BUT A T9Y SLIV] 9 ! PHASE SPACE ( CULTURAL & SOCIETAL CONFIGURATIONS ?AT HAVE EXI/$ ?R\<\T HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,AN?ROPOLOGY HELPS S]VE AS A REM9D] ( ! PAUCITY ( \R IMAG9ATION4 ,YET IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO BL9DLY TAKE HI/ORY AS A CON/RA9T4 ,TWO HUNDR$ ?\S& YE>S ( HOMO SAPI5S IS SIMPLY TOO FEW IT]ATIONS1 TOO TI<TLY CORRELAT$ TO TRULY EXPLORE ! EXPANSE ( :AT IS POSSIBLE4 

,SADLY1 IF !RE IS ONE UND]LY+ FAILURE C\RS+ ?R\< ,GRAEB]'S BE/SELL] IT'S HIS REACTION>Y 9/9CTS 9 ! FACE ( SU* POSSIBILITY4 

,DEBT SETS \T A LONG & W9D+ EXPLORATION ( H[ NOTIONS ( ! 9T]P]SONAL OR ECONOMIC OBLIGATIONS *>ACT]IZ$ AS 0DEBT0 HAVE MORPH$ OV] ! LA/ FIVE ?\S& YE>S & H[ !SE *ANGES CORRELAT$ TO ! PRES5CE ( /ATE VIOL5CE & ! DEVELOPM5T ( CURR5CY4 

,GRAEB] SUGGE/S ?AT ! FIR/ CURR5CIES W]E DIRECT M>K]S ( HONOR1 /ATUS1 OR SOCIAL GOODWILL ONLY 9CID5TALLY EX*ANG$ = GOODS & COMMODITIES4 ,CO9AGE & SPECIE CURR5CY W]E %>P DEVIATIONS FROM ?IS NORM1 9V5T$ SO RELIGI\S 9/ITUTIONS C\LD KEEP 9T]NAL ACC\NTS ( GOODS BUT QUICKLY ADOPT$ BY /ATES TO QUANTIFY P5AL CODES1 COLLECT TAXES1 & PAY M>AUD+ SOLDI]S4 ,CO9AGE1 ,GRAEB] >GUES1 WAS AN 9V5TION IMPOS$ BY ! /ATE TO DISSOLVE ! COMPLEXITY ( 9=MAL BONDS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS 9TO RELATIONS AS UNIV]SAL & 9T]*ANGEABLE AS ITS [N SCOPE4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT DEBT T5D$ T[>DS \TRI<T SLAV]Y & ! SPECIFIC GAME !ORETIC DYNAMICS ?AT *>ACT]IZE /ATISM GREW 9CREAS+LY HEGEMONIC4 ,:5 Y\R HONOR OR ! VALUE Y\ HELD TO O!RS WAS SIMPLIFI$ TO ! WIDELY 9T]*ANGEABLE GOLD 9 Y\R P\*1 ?ROAT-SLITT+ BECAME SUDD5LY QUITE APPEAL+4 

,SURR\ND+ ?IS HI/ORICAL TRANSITION ! WILD >RAY ( DYNAMICS & SOCIAL MORES AT PLAY 9 V>I\S SOCIETIES BECAME 9CREAS+LY FRAM$ 9 T]MS ( P]SON-TO-P]SON EX*ANGES 7!ORETICALLY REPAYABLE7 RA!R ?AN /&+ BE=E ! COMMUNITY OR AS MATT]S ( HI]>*ICALLY RITUALIZ$ B5EFACTION4 ,& 9 TURN1 ?R\< ITS P]SI/5T CREEP AS A METAPHOR TO FRAME HUMAN RELATIONS AS EX*ANGES 7IMPLICITLY BETWE5 EQUALS OR %\LD-BE-EQUALS71 DEBT CAME TO SIGNIFY AN UNNATURAL P]TURBATION ( BASEL9E EQUALITY4 ,:ILE ON ! ONE H& ! WORD 0FRE$OM0 HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ,SUM]IAN DEBT-CANCELLATION1 ?AT SAME MORALI/IC LANGUAGE ( OBLIGATION TO ONE'S DEBTS WAS FREQU5TLY ADOPT$ BY ! OPPRESS$ & ?OSE ) GRIEVANCES4 ,AMID ALL ( ?IS COMMUNITIES ON ! P]IPH]Y PLAY$ GAMES ) NOTIONS ( P]PETUAL DEBT TO D5OTE & 5=CE TIES ( FRAT]NITY1 BUT ON ! :OLE DEBT 9CREAS+LY CAME TO CONNOTE A S9FUL /ATE ( 9EQUALITY & 9JU/ICE4 444,EXCEPT ) ?+S SO TANGL$ ?AT EXACTLY :O IS 9 ! WRONG IS NEV] 5TIRELY CLE> & CONSI/5T RULES NEV] REALLY HA%$ \T4 ,?US1 ,GRAEB] CONCLUDES1 WE >RIV$ AT ! RIDICUL\SNESS ( \R PRES5T SITUATION :]E = 9/ANCE PLUTOCRATIC PLUND] & ! VA/ SUBSIDY ( HI/ORICAL VIOL5CE >E SE5 AS PROMPT = *>ITY1 BUT ! NOTION ( CANCEL+ ! SUPPOS$ DEBT 9CURR$ TO ONE'S EXPLICIT OPPRESSORS IS UN?9KABLE4 

,?\< C]TA9 *APT]S >E RESPL5D5T ) CR[+ AT ! REPEAT$ CLOSE CONFLU5CE ( MONEY1 M>KETS & ! ATROCITIES ( /ATE P[]1 TO HIS CR$IT AS AN 9TELLECTUALLY HONE/ ACADEMIC ,GRAEB] DOESN'T FL9* AWAY FROM RECOGNIZ+ SITUATIONS :]E /ATE P[] HAS WI!R$ & M>KETS BLOSSOM$4 

,!RE HAVE1 C]TA9LY1 BE5 TIMES & PLACES :5 A K9D ( FREE M>KET POPULISM HAS EM]G$1 :]E M>KETS BEGAN OP]AT+ 9DEP5D5TLY ( GOV]NM5TS1 AT LEA/ TO SOME DEGREE - ,M$IEVAL ,ISLAM IS ONE FAM\S EXAMPLE1 & LAT]1 ,M+ ,*9A--BUT 9 SU* CASES1 !Y T5D$ TO OP]ATE 9 V]Y DIFF]5T WAYS ?AN ! K9D ( M>KETS WE'RE N[ FAMILI> )1 LESS AB\T COMPETITION1 MU* MORE AB\T CREAT+ & MA9TA9+ RELATIONS ( 9T]P]SONAL TRU/1 OR = 9/ANCE1 PR(IT-%>+ OP]ATIONS 9/EAD ( 9T]E/1 ETC ETC4 

444,HI/ORY %[S ?AT Y\ BASICALLY NE$ A /ATE TO CREATE A SITUATION :]E PEOPLE >E WILL+ TO SIGN ON BASICALLY AS R5T-A-SLAVES TO O!R PEOPLE4 

,?AT MANY OBS]V]S1 SOME ) HORROR1 HAVE READ !SE ASIDES AS VALIDATION ( LEFT M>KET AN>*I/ !ORY IS UNSURPRIS+4 ,WE >E ( C\RSE TOTALLY RI<T4 ,AB\T EV]Y?+4 ,OBVI\SLY4 ,BUT ,GRAEB] IS LESS ?AN 5?US$ TO SEE !SE CONFESSIONS EXT5D BEYOND PROV+ ! UNSU/A9ABILITY ( CAPITALISM 9 ! ABS5CE ( /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,FREE M>KET POPULISM1 9 HIS FRAMEWORK1 IS /ILL AN ULTIMATELY CONFUS$ /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 *AMPION$ BY ! WELL-MEAN+ BUT 9SUFFICI5TLY F>-SEE+4 ,USEFUL P]HAPS AS A HALF MEASURE = ! ,U,S & A FEW O!R CONTEXTS :]E AN>*O-COMMUNI/ ALT]NATIVES >E BEYOND CULTURALLY ALI51 BUT NOT AN IDEAL GOAL4 ,= ,GRAEB] M>KETS & CURR5CY CANNOT %$ ! 9CR$IBLY SUSPICI\S /A9 ( !IR 9CEPTION ?R\< /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,CURR5CY 9 P>TICUL>4 

,LE/ WE GET TOO LO/ 9 ! DEFAULT RHETORICAL DEVICES ( RADICALS1 LET US REM9D \RSELVES ?AT IF ,HITL] POPUL>IZ$ CONS5SUS PROCESS OR ! REFRIG]ATOR IT W\LDN'T 9VALIDATE EI!R4 ,BUT 9 FACT HI/ORY & PREHI/ORY >E ALMO/ C]TA9LY MORE COMPLICAT$ ?AN ! SELECTION ,GRAEB] PRES5TS 9 HIS TALE4 ,MASS SOCIETIES HAVE BE5 >\ND = A HELL ( A LONG TIME & SO HAS TRADE 9 OBSIDIAN1 GRA91 CATTLE & COPP]4 ,?+S W]5'T NE>LY AS SIMPLE AS ONE DAY VILLAGES & ! NEXT DAY ,MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES KEEP+ ACC\NTS 9 SILV]2 WE KN[ !RE'S A TON ( HI/ORY LO/ BE=E ! PROLIF]ATION ( WRIT+4 ,GIFT ECONOMIES >E EMPIRICALLY KN[N TO SCALE POORLY1 & IT'S OBVI\S ?AT :5 !RE'S TOO MANY PEOPLE TO P]SONALLY KEEP TRACK ( ! APPROA*ES ?AT WORK = VILLAGES & TRIBES />T TO BREAK D[N4 ,IF CITIES N9E ?\S& YE>S AGO LIKE ! FAM\S ,CATALHOYUK W]5'T *>ACT]IZ$ BY 9T5SE /ATISM-& !RE'S LESS ?AN NO REASON TO SUSPECT !Y W]E-FOLKS V]Y LIKELY FAC$ D\BLE 9CID5CE ( WANTS ON A REGUL> BASIS4 ,9 P>TICUL> ! FIVE ?\S& YE>S ( MASS SOCIETY BE=E ,GRAEB] />TS HIS ACC\NT SAW MANY PR(\ND SOCIAL *ANGES1 MY FAVORITE TALE ( :I* IS ?IS3 

,ON A C]TA9 DAY #ib YE>S AGO ! MANORIAL H\SES AT ! NOR? SIDE ( ! L>GE SQU>E 9 ,CAYEONU W]E BURNT D[N1 & ?IS HAPP5$ SO FA/ ?AT ! [N]S W]E NOT ABLE TO SAVE ANY ( !IR TREASURES4 ,! TEMPLE WAS TORN D[N & BURNT1 & EV5 ! FLOOR WAS RIPP$ OP51 ! /ONE PILL>S >\ND ! FREE SPACE W]E TAK5 D[N & ! TALL] ( !M W]E BROK5 UP4 ,! PLACE ITSELF - PREVI\SLY MA9TA9$ & KEPT METICUL\SLY CLEAN = MORE ?AN #a YE>S - WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A MUNICIPAL WA/E DUMP4 ,AFT] A %ORT *AOTIC TRANSITION ALL H\SES HAD BE5 TORN D[N4 ,! SLUMS 9 ! WE/ DISAPPE>$ = GOOD1 BUT ONLY A FEW /EPS AWAY FROM ! SPOT :]E ! RU9S ( ! MANORIAL H\SES HAD BURNT ! NEW ,CAYEONU WAS ]ECT$4 ,! NEW H\SES W]E COMP>ABLE 9 SIZE TO ! OLD MANORS BUT !RE W]E NO MORE H\SES OR %ACKS BUILT TO AN 9F]IOR /&>D4 ,9 ALL H\SES1 WORK WAS DONE & ALL H9TS TO SOCIAL DIFF]5CES W]E ]AS$4 

444,NOT ONLY DID ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ?OSE REMOTE TIMES SUCCE$ 9 OV]?R[+ A REGIME ?\S&S ( YE>S OLD1 BLOODY & EXPLOITATIVE - MOREOV]1 !Y ALSO SUCCE$$ 9 DEVELOP+ !IR [N ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY1 DEVIS+ & REALIZ+ IT4 ,AN EGALIT>IAN1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY >ISES 9 :I* WOM5 & M5 >E EQUAL1 A SOCIETY :I* RAPIDLY SPREADS OV] ! :OLE ( ,ANATOLIA & ALMO/ SIMULTANE\SLY OV] ! ,BALCANS & :I* 5DURES = #c YE>S4 

,:5 ,MESOPOTAMIAN SCRIBES F9ALLY PICK UP ! P5 TO GIVE US MORE DIRECT ACC\NTS WE >E NOT GLIMPS+ ! FIR/ /EPS1 BUT A V]Y P>TICUL> PRODUCT ( A RI*LY /ORI$ PA/ WE HAVE ONLY FLEET+ ACCESS TO4 

,SURE1 :5 CR$IT IS FEASIBLE !RE'S NO NE$ = ! CONVOLUT$ DANCE ( BOOTS 9TO OBSIDIAN OR GRA9 & !N BACK 9TO *ICK5S1 BUT :5 !RE'S ?\S&S ( TEEM+ PEOPLE-:5 PEOPLE HAVE OPTIONS \TSIDE A TI<TLY CONTROLL$ TRIBE1 NEI<BORHOOD1 OR CA/E-CR$IT FREQU5TLY BECOMES LESS SECURE &_/OR EFFICI5T ?AN SPOT TRANSACTIONS4 ,WE KN[ FROM ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,GREAT ,PLA9S ?AT EV5 :5 ! L& WON'T SUPPORT IT LONG] ?AN A FEW WEEKS1 PEOPLE WILL /ILL (T5 /RUGGLE TO =M MASS SOCIETIES :5 & :]E !Y CAN TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! B5EFITS SU* PROVIDES 9 NOVELTY1 CULTURE & G5]AL OPPORTUNITY4 

,H]E'S AN ALT]NATIVE PO/ULATE TO ,GRAEB]'S3 ,E>LY MASS SOCIETIES >OSE & IT]AT$ ?R\< V]Y DIFF]5T =MS & !RE W]E MANY AV5UES BY :I* !Y TACKL$ ! LIMITS ( GIFT ECONOMIES4 ,SOME MASS SOCIETIES SIMPLY PRES]V$ ! VILLAGE MODEL 9T]NALLY BY SUBDIVID+ 7OR REMA9+ DIVID$7 9TO NEI<BORHOODS1 CLANS & CA/ES :]E GIFT ECONOMIES C\LD BE RETA9$ 9T]NALLY :ILE !Y CONT9U$ TO TRADE ) ONE ANO!R EXT]NALLY1 BUT ! DANG] ( LOS+ EXCOMMUNICATION AS ! ULTIMATE SANCTION REQUIR$ !SE DIVISIONS TO /ILL BE POLIC$ RELATIVELY TI<TLY LE/ 9DIVIDUALS />T AB&ON+ !IR TIES & DEBTS = GRE5] PA/URES4 ,SOME MASS SOCIETIES ) MORE IDEALIC ROOTS1 EI!R AS CULTURAL LOCI OR ! RESULT ( SLAVE UPRIS+S ?AT %RUGG$ (F RUL+ CA/ES LEAV+ BEH9D A S+LE RELATIVELY UNSUBDIVID$ MASS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 W]E OBLIG$ TO TURN MORE /RONGLY TO B>T]4 ,LA/LY /ILL O!R MASS SOCIETIES1 POSSIBLY :]E ! MA9T5ANCE ( CLANS1 CA/ES OR EV5 POLYC5TRIC ASSOCIATIONS HAD BECOME PROBLEMATIC1 RESORT$ TO ! SORT ( C5TRALIZ$ >BITRATION & ACC\NT+ ?AT EV5TUALLY FUEL$ ! FIRES ( EMPIRE SE5 ?\S&S ( YE>S LAT] 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA :]E ,GRAEB] BLI!LY />TS HIS TALE4 

,BUT EV5 AFT] HIS LAUN*+ PO9T !RE >E SY/EMIC BIASES AGA9/ AN>*I/IC MASS SOCIETIES 9 ! HI/ORICAL RECORD ?AT HE %\LD BE DAMN WELL AW>E (4 ,NO1 9 ! ABS5CE ( PH>AOHS & EMP]ORS WE DON'T T5D TO ]ECT GIANT $IFICES TO \R GLORY OR /AMP MILLIONS ( CO9S1 BUT ?AT DOESN'T MEAN FRE] SOCIETIES LEFT NO TRACE4 ,BY FOCUS+ ON ! CLASSICAL /ATES ( ANTIQUITY & !N1 UPON >RIV+ AT MORE REC5T AGES1 PO9T+ \T ?AT ! MORE FREE M>KET SOCIETIES ?AT >OSE AFT]W>DS >OSE AFT]W>DS1 ,GRAEB] OCCLUDES NUM]\S PO9TS ANY O!R AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN W\LD PLACE FRONT & C5T]4 ,! GI/ ( :I* IS ?AT FRE] SOCIETIES HAVE C]TA9LY EXI/$ 9 A GREAT MULTITUDE BETWE5 ! GAPS 9 ! /ATI/'S SAGA ( W> & EMPIRE4 ,SOME1 LIKE ! ,H>APPANS1 MAJOR CONTEMPOR>IES ( ,MESOPOTAMIAN TYRANNY1 LEFT NO SIGNS ( PRIE/S OR LEAD]S1 NO PALACES1 TEMPLES OR MONUM5TS4 ,A FL\RI%+ TRAD] & >TISAN SOCIETY !Y LIKELY HAD A SPECTRUM ( SOCIAL RESPECT OR AT LEA/ A DIV]SITY ( FOCUSES 7VISIBLE ?R\< DIFF]5CES 9 ADORNM5T7 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME CAPITAL WAS EGALIT>IANLY DI/RIBUT$4 ,!Y L$ ADVANCEM5TS 9 ! PURITY ( METALLURGY1 DOCKS1 :EEL$ TRANSPORT & ADOPT$ UNI=M WEI<TS-TE/AM5TS TO H[ C5TRAL TRADE & QUANTIFI$ EX*ANGE W]E TO !IR SOCIETY4 ,DESPITE !IR 9T5SE NOTEWOR?9ESS 9 SIZE1 ACCOMPLI%M5T & IMPACT1 POPUL> HI/ORY HAS L>GELY DISMISS$ !M = NOT MAK+ REF]5CE 9 ANY MAJOR W>S4 7,&1 MO/ DELICI\SLY1 C]TA9 S*OL>S HAVE DISMISS$ !M AS OBVI\SLY HAV+ A /ATE BECAUSE !Y HAD PLUMB+47 

,I ?9K IT'S 9TUITIVELY OBVI\S ?AT CR$IT & DEBT PREC$$ CURR5CIES FOCUS$ ON COORD9AT+ GOODS4 ,& ! 9TRODUCTION ( UNIV]SAL METAL CO9AGE HAS BO? ! UNMI/AKABLE SC5T ( ! /ATE'S DRIVE TO UNIV]SALIZE & ! GANG/]'S NE$ = CONTEXTLESS CA%4 ,BUT ! NOTION ?AT ! CONC]NS F\ND 9 WIDESPREAD B>T] ONLY >OSE AS AN OCCASIONAL BYPRODUCT ( ! /ATI/ IMPOSITION ( M>KETS & C5TRAL CURR5CIES AS MEANS ( ACC\NT+ IS SIMPLY UNSUB/ANTIATABLE4 ,NEI!R ,GRAEB] NOR ,I HAVE A TIME MA*9E & ! MO/ RELEVANT P>TICUL>S TO ?AT K9D ( CLAIM TAKE PLACE BE=E HE EV5 BEG9S HIS /ORY4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( Y\NG UP/>T MASS SOCIETIES JU/ DEVELOP+ 9 ! WILDS ( ,BRAZIL1 SAY1 ! EVID5CE IS SCANT4 ,?ANKFULLY WE CAN AT LEA/ GET SOME:]E MODEL+ !SE K9DS ( ?+S & ?AT IS PRECISELY :AT ECONOMI/S HAVE DONE ) EXT5SIVE CONSID]ATION & MA!MATICAL MODEL+4 

,:I* BR+S US TO A P>TICUL>LY IRKSOME CURR5T 9 ,DEBT4 ,IF ! BOOK'S SY/EMIC FAILURE IS NOT RECOGNIZ+ ! BREAD? ( ! POSSIBLE1 ,GRAEB]'S WEAKE/ & AT TIMES MO/ EMB>RASS+ >GUM5TS BY F> /EM FROM HIS ASS]TION ?AT A CRITICAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 GOOD OBLIGATIONS & BAD ONES IS :E!R OR NOT ANYONE'S GOTT5 RIGOR\S OR CONSID]$ AB\T IT4 ,9 HIS WOR/ MOM5TS HE BLAMES MA!MATICS1 & 9DE$ ELEVATES IT AS A COMP>ABLE EVIL AS Y\ KN[1 LOAN %>KS BLUDGEON+ PEOPLE TO DEA?3 

,DEBT IS JU/ A P]V]SION ( A PROMISE4 ,IT IS A PROMISE CORRUPT$ BY BO? MA? & VIOL5CE4 

,( C\RSE :AT'S ACTUALLY HAPP5+ IS NOT AN ISSUE ) MA!MATICS OR EV5 >I?METIC & QUANTIFICATION1 IT'S AN ISSUE ) VIOL5TLY IMPOS$ UNIV]SAL SIMPLIFICATIONS ( RI*LY COMPLICAT$ OR LOCALIZ$ DYNAMICS4 ,! PROBLEM IS ! /ATE & ! LEGALI/IC IMPULSE ?AT UND]P9S IT H]E1 NOT ! 9NATE T5D5CY ( HUMAN M9DS TO GEEK \T & ANALYZE %IT 9 PURSUIT ( PRECISION & EFFICI5CY4 ,MA!MATICAL ANALYSIS UNTO ITSELF 9 NO WAY IMPLIES OV]SIMPLIFICATION OR MISREPRES5TATION4 ,& :ILE !RE >E (T5 LIMITS TO :AT WE CAN KN[ & CALCULATE 9 A GIV5 CONTEXT1 ESPECIALLY :5 DEAL+ ) O!R M9DS1 SU* LIMITATIONS >E !MSELVES MA!MATICAL DYNAMICS4 ,!RE IS JU/ AS MU* TO BE GA9$ FROM AUGM5T+ \R 9T]ACTIONS ) AW>5ESS ( !SE LIMITATIONS AS !RE IS FROM US+ MA!MATICAL MODEL+ DIRECTLY :5 & :]E IT CAN CL>IFY DYNAMICS & EXP& \R AG5CY4 

,DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 :AT CAN & CAN'T BE QUANTIFI$ SUB/ANTIVELY 9 DIFF]5T DYNAMICS & CONTEXTS HAVE LONG BE5 CORE TO MOD]N LIB]T>IAN ANALYSIS1 BO? 9 ! PRAGMATICALLY MA!MATICAL ,HAYEKIAN S5SE & ! MORE ANALYTIC ,PRAXEOLOGICAL S5SE4 ,C]TA9LY ! LEGAL CODIFICATION ( REMUN]ATION = HONOR VIOLATIONS 9 UNITS ( ,IRI% SLAVE GIRLS1 AS P] ONE EXAMPLE FROM ,DEBT1 FAILS VIRTUALLY EV]Y ECONOMIC & LIB]T>IAN PRECEPT IMAG9ABLE4 ,?AT SAID1 !RE IS SOME?+ QUITE 9T]E/+ & FRE% 9 ,GRAEB]'S IMPLICIT ATTACK ON ! VALUATION ( GOLD AS A NE>-UNIV]SAL M$IATOR ( SOCIAL DEBTS4 ,! LOSS ( NUANC$ SOCIAL 9=MATION HAPP5+ :5 Y\ CAN EXACTLY 'REPAY' A FRI5D = !IR K9DNESS 9 PRECI\S METALS IS SURELY />K4 ,OR AT LEA/ IT IS :5 SU* REPAYM5T ISN'T A TRU/-BUILD+ EX]CISE & A PRODUCT ( !IR SUBJECTIVE DESIRE VIA SOME FRE% NEGOTIATION ?AT VALIDATES BO? P>TIES AS HUMAN BE+S ) UNKN[ABLE SUBJECTIVITIES1 BUT AN EX*ANGE 9 :I* ONE OR BO? P>TIES CAN M]ELY DEFAULT ON /ATIC UNIV]SAL /&>DS ) LITTLE TO NO CONSID]ATION ( ! O!R AS A COMPLEX 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! V]Y NOTION ( GO+ BACK TO 0SQU>E ONE0 /RANG]HOOD ?R\< REPAYM5T1 ( ]AS+ ! ACC\NTS CONTA9+ ! CONTEXT ( PRIOR 9T]ACTIONS1 IS ONLY POSSIBLE :5 TRACK+ & CONVEY+ A P>TICUL> P]SON'S TRU/WOR?9ESS IS IMPOSSIBLE1 :]E !RE >E NO TRUE CURR5CIES AVAILABLE1 JU/ DUMB COMMODITIES LIKE GOLD ?AT DON'T EV5 HAVE A PUBLIC L$G]4 

,YET IT %\LD BE OBVI\S ?AT SU* SITUATIONS >E NOT A PRODUCT ( QUANTIFICATION6 ,! IMPULSE SE5 9 ! USE ( CO9AGE TO DISMISS RI* CONTEXT OR MAKE DECL>ATIONS AB\T ! OBJECTIVE COMP>ATIVE VALUE ( 9CR$IBLY COMPLEX & SITUATIONAL ?+S LIKE FAVORS IS CLE>LY SLOPPY AT BE/ & DANG]\S AS HELL AT WOR/4 ,BUT ?AT'S COMPLETELY DIFF]5T FROM US+ A MEASUR+ CUP :5 LOAN+ Y\R NEI<BOR RICE 7OR GOLD7 SO !RE'S NO L+]+ MISP]CEPTIONS1 DISAGREEM5TS OR WA/EFUL DEFAULT BIASES4 ,>TIFICIALLY SIMPLIFY+ UNIV]SAL NORMS >E ONLY SU/A9ABLE :5 !RE'S CO]CION BACK+ !M ON SOME LEVEL4 ,! ISSUE IS :E!R DEBTS >E 5=C$ ?R\< ! VIOL5T SUPPRESSION ( CONTEXTUAL AW>5ESS OR ! VOLUNT>Y MAXIMIZATION ( IT ?R\< REPUTATION1 TRU/ NETWORKS1 & RISK CONVEYANCE4 ,BY ! TIME !RE >E K+S1 *IEFS1 GOV]NM5TS1 OLIG>*S1 OR C5TRAL COMMITTEES REMOTELY CAPABLE ( REVOK+ DEBT1 ?+S HAVE OBVI\SLY GONE TOO F> & ! :OLE SY/EM CAN BE ASSUM$ ROTT54 ,BUT ! IMPOSITION ( UNIV]SAL SIMPLIFICATIONS C]TA9LY DOESN'T SATIATE ANYONE'S DRIVE = PRECISION & 9=M$ AG5CY SAVE ! RUL]S1 9DE$ IT ACTS TO SUPPRESS PRECISION & COMPLEX ANALYTIC DEP? AT PLAY 9 \R RELATION%IPS & CALCULATIONS ) REG>D TO ONE ANO!R4 ,! SORT ( DEBTS ,GRAEB] CONVEYS >E NOT1 AS HE PUTS IT1 ! COLLABORATION ( VIOL5CE & MA? BUT RA!R ! SUPPRESSION ( MA? BY VIOL5CE4 

,Y\ MAY ASK :Y ,I DWELL SO /RONGLY ON ?IS !ME )9 ,DEBT4 ,! MISUSE ( SOME?+ AS RI*LY DESCRIPTIVE & HUMAN AS MA!MATICS TO REF] TO >I?METIC & >TIFICIALLY SIMPLE QUANTIFICATION IS IRRITAT+ TO BE SURE1 YET ,I FEEL ?IS FRAM+ BELIES SOME?+ DEEP] ?AN MIS*OS5 WORDS4 ,GRAEB] MAKES QUITE A LOT TO TURN ON ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 QUANTIFI$ & UNQUANTIFI$ 9T]ACTIONS BUT 9 HIS WRIT+ HE R>ELY /AYS CONT5T ) SU*1 EXP&+ ?IS !ME TO DECRY ! 0IMP]SONALISM0 ( MA!MATICS & REASON4 ,N[ ONE MI<T SAY MA? & REASON >E DEF9$ BY !IR SE>* = GLOBAL SYMMETRIES 9 A WORLD ( MESSY P>TICUL>S1 SOME?+ ?AT CAN MOM5T>ILY DISREG>D ?OSE P>TICUL>S1 BUT 9 APPLICATION MA? & REASON HAVE 9F9ITELY RI* DESCRIPTIVE CAPACITY4 ,I CAN'T HELP BUT SMELL AN ANTI-9TELLECTUAL CURR5T 9 ,GRAEB]'S LANGUAGE ?AT'S SADLY ALL TOO COMMON AMONG ! LEFT :]E9 9TELLIG5CE OR ANALYTIC RIGOR IS IMPLICITLY CONC$$ AS 9H]5TLY SOCIOPA?IC AT HI< VALUES4 ,:]E MEASUR+1 MODEL+ OR KEEP+ ACC\NTS ( ?+S 9H]5TLY IMPLIES HO/ILE OR UNT[>D 9T5T4 ,9 ?IS 9V]SION ( ANY SANE OR COH]5T E?ICS VIGILANCE ITSELF BECOMES SUSPECT4 ,WE CANNOT AF=D TO EXAM9E1 MEASURE OR ANALYZE \R SOCIAL OR 9T]P]SONAL DYNAMICS TOO CLOSELY BECAUSE ?AT WAY LIES SOCIOPA?Y6 ,I'M WELL AW>E ?AT ?R\< C5TURIES ( MISAPPROPRIATION MA? & REASON N[ /RIKE MANY AS ! DEVIL'S SIGN4 ,BUT ,I %UDD] TO ?9K ( :AT IT MU/ BE LIKE TO LIVE 9 SU* A WORLD1 ?AT OP5LY SWALL[S ! PREMISE ( \R 5EMIES ?AT HUMANE RELATIONS >E ONLY POSSIBLE ?R\< IGNORANCE & !N REACTS BY EMBRAC+ IGNORANCE6 

,( C\RSE ,I D\BT ?AT ,GRAEB] IS SO QUITE EXPLICIT ) HIMSELF-& WE >E ALL SOMETIMES SUBJECT TO COGNITIVE DISSONANCES-BUT ,DEBT CONTA9S SO MANY >GUM5TS OR IMPLICATIONS FROM ASSOCIATION 7EV5 JU/ LOOSE ETYMOLOGY7 IT RISKS ,GL5N ,BECK T]RITORY AT PO9TS4 ,&1 AS SU*1 IT POSES DANG]S )9 ! WID] LEFT & RADICAL DISC\RSE4 ,:ILE ! SCATT]%OT EXPLORATIONS CAN BE 5JOYABLY BRAC+1 IT'S EMB>RASS+ TO SEE ! MO/ P[]FUL & POPUL> AN>*I/ WORK ( ?IS C5TURY GET MIR$ 9 WEAK >GUM5TS4 ,LEAP+ FROM HI/ORICAL ASSOCIATION TO CAUSATION IS ! SAME %IT PULL$ BY PRIMITIVI/S TO CRITIQUE REFRIG]ATORS4 ,9DE$ MANY ( ,GRAEB]'S FANS W\LD BE %OCK$ TO /OP & ACTUALLY DWELL ON L9ES LIKE ?IS3 

NOT ONLY DO EXI/+ TE*NOLOGIES NECESS>ILY MEAN A SOCIETY BAS$ ON ALI5ATION & OPPRESSION1 :I* IS H>D TO D5Y1 S9CE EXI/+ TE*NOLOGIES HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 ?AT CONTEXT 

,I MEAN ?AT IS JU/ SOME PRETTY EXTREME FAULTY REASON+4 

,= EXAMPLE ! MORE SIGNIFICANT DYNAMIC CONTEMPORANE\S ) ! ADV5T ( L>GE SCALE /ATES & WIDELY ACCEPT$ CURR5CY IS NOT QUANTIFICATION BUT WRIT+4 ,LET US REMEMB] ?AT BUREAUCRATIC ACC\NT KEEP+ & LAWS IMPOS+ UNIV]SAL PRICES >E DIRECT RESULT ( ! TE*NOLOGY TO SAVE MEMORIES TO PAPYRUS OR /ONE & CONVEY !M4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( P]SI/5CE1 ( NONNEGOTIABLE HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS1 IS ALWAYS A HUGE CULTURAL EV5T 9 ANY SOCIETY4 ,FUR!R AT ! TIME WRIT+ %>PLY PU%$ BACK AGA9/ PRIOR DISECONOMIES ( SCALE1 5ABL+ ! GR[? ( CANC]\S SOCIAL HI]>*IES 9 ,*9A1 ,9DIA & ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,UNTIL FULL-FL$G$ ALPHABETS W]E 9V5T$ BY ,SEMETIC SLAVES 9 ,EGYPT WRIT+ RETA9$ A /EEP LE>N+ CURVE ?AT WAS CRITICAL ALONGSIDE ! SWORD 9 PREV5T+ ! TE*NOLOGY'S DIFFUSION TO ! P]IPH]Y4 ,! MAJOR EV5T CONTEMPORANE\S TO ! D[NFALL ( ,CAYEONU8 ,! NE>BY 9V5TION ( WRIT+ 9 ! =M ( ! ,V9CA SIGNS4 

,YET ASIDE FROM ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN & ! OCCASIONAL W+NUT NO AN>*I/S REJECT WRIT+ AS 9H]5TLY IMPLY+ 0A SOCIETY BAS$ 9 ALI5ATION & OPPRESSION04 ,WE CORRECTLY REALIZE ?AT DESPITE ITS %>P & PR(\ND DANG]S 9 C]TA9 CONTEXTS1 WRIT+'S EV5 %>P] POSITIVE POT5TIAL \TWEI<S !M4 444,JU/ AS ! DANG] FROM ,E9/E9'S 9SI<TS MAK+ POSSIBLE NUCLE> BOMBS IS PR(\ND1 BUT ! VALUE TO BETT] UND]/&+ ! WORLD >\ND US IS EV5 GREAT] /ILL4 

,9 EXACTLY ! SAME S5SE M>KETS & DA/>DLY EVIL ( MEASUR+ CUPS CAN BE EXTRAORD9>ILY USEFUL4 

,:ILE PRIORITIES V>Y WILDLY BETWE5 EA* P]SON & OV] TIME1 HUMAN BE+S HAVE ALWAYS S\<T PRECISION 9 !IR CRAFTS & 9T]P]SONAL COMMUNICATIONS4 ,EV5 DET]M9+ :AT ONE'S PRIORITIES OR PREF]5CES >E 9 A SITUATION IS A CALCULATION1 (T5 REQUIR+ EXT5SIVE CONSID]ATION & MEASUREM5T4 ,FRE$ FROM ! OPPRESSIVE T5SIONS ( CAPITALISM WE W\LD SURELY PREF] TO TURN SU* FOCUS ON SAY CRAFT+ BASKETS OR WRIT+ POEMS RA!R ?AN NEUROTICALLY CALCULAT+ & RE-CALCULAT+ ! WEEK'S REMA9+ EXP5SES OR ! QUICKE/ TRIP ACROSS T[N1 BUT EV5 9 A WORLD :]E \R EV]YDAY /OPP$ BE+ A HU/LE TO M]ELY SURVIVE !RE W\LD /ILL BE NECESS>Y CALCULATIONS4 ,! ABOLITION ( ! >TIFICIAL SC>CITIES ?AT PLAGUE \R WORLD DOES NOT IMPLY ! TRIUMPH OV] SC>CITY 9 G5]AL4 ,Y\ C\LD NO MORE TRIUMPH OV] 5TROPY4 ,& MANY ( ! PASSIONS WE DEVELOP FREE ( SURVIVAL CONC]NS 9VOLVE A GREAT DEAL ( COMPLEXITY & COORD9ATION ( SC>CE GOODS4 ,SO LONG AS HUMAN BE+S HAVE DREAMS & DESIRES 9 A F9ITE 5VIRONM5T !RE WILL BE COORD9ATION & CALCULATION PROBLEMS TO BE SOLV$4 ,:ILE ! EXT5T ( ! POSSIBLE IS VA/ !RE >E LIMITS2 Y\ CAN'T %UFFLE >\ND LOAVES & FI%ES UND] SOME CUPS & MAGICALLY 5D UP ) MORE LOAVES & FI%ES4 ,SURE1 MU* ( MOD]N ECONOMICS IS 9FECT$ ) NEOLIB]ALISM1 BUT !RE >E NEV]!LESS /RONG MA!MATICAL CON/RA9TS TO \R 9T]ACTIONS ) ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE & EA* O!R4 ,M>KETS PROVIDE AN >RAY ( EXTRAORD9>ILY USEFUL TOOLS = SOLV+ !SE COORD9ATION PROBLEMS2 9DE$ !Y D5OTE ! ONLY PHASE SPACE :]E SOLUTIONS CAN BE F\ND = PROBLEMS PA/ A C]TA9 COMPLEXITY4 ,:]EAS ! 9H]5CY ( SUBJECTIVE KN[L$GE1 EXP]I5CE1 & DESIRE 9 \R 9DIVIDUAL BRA9S & ! T9Y B&WID? ( HUMAN LANGUAGE PLACE /RONG LIMITS ON COMMUNI/ ALT]NATIVES1 DEC5TRALIZ$ OR NOT4 

,:ILE !RE'S MU* TO CRITIQUE ON MANY LEVELS TO CURR5T NORMS ( CURR5CY 7& ! SURR\ND+ ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & CULTURAL CONTEXT71 D\BLE-9CID5CE ( WANTS IS A REAL PH5OM5ON ) IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS4 ,! VALUE ( CURR5CY ( SOME =M 9 FACILITAT+ ! COSMOPOLITAN MASS SOCIETY WE SO DESIRE CLE>LY \TWEI<S ! DANG]S4 

,9DE$ SETT+ \R SI<TS SLI<TLY FUR!R1 !RE'S A V]Y POT5T PO9T ONLY SOME:AT OBSCUR$ BY ,GRAEB]'S 9/9CTS 9 HIS [N PAGES1 :I* IS ?AT ! EVID5CE DOESN'T %[ PROHIBIT+ USURY MAKES = POSITIVE M>KETS1 BUT RA!R M]ELY ! VIOL5T 5=CEM5T ( USURY4 0,UND] G5U9E FREE M>KET CONDITIONS LOANS AT 9T]E/ WILL BECOME EFFECTIVELY IMPOSSIBLE TO COLLECT10 ,GRAEB] WRITES1 BUT :ILE !Y W\LD SURELY BE MU* H>D] TO COLLECT1 ,I HI<LY D\BT ALL 9/ANCES WILL DISAPPE> BECAUSE !RE >E OCCASIONALLY QUITE VALID REASONS TO ASK = & ACCEPT IT4 ,9/EAD1 DEFANG$ ( ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE ONE W\LD EXPECT QUANTIFI$ DEBTS TO COLLAPSE MORE DIRECTLY & ORGANICALLY TO ! FULL HUMAN RELATIONS & CONTEXTS ?AT UND]P9 !M444 9CLUD+ RISKS & OPPORTUNITY CO/S4 ,MY ,BRITI% SYNDICALI/ FRI5DS OBSESS$ ) POLIC+ ! BORD]S ( MUTUALISM & 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM MI<T GASP TO HE> ME SUGGE/ IT BUT1 9 ! ABS5CE ( PHYSICAL VIOL5CE OR A BROADLY CO]CIVE CONTEXT LIKE CAPITALISM1 VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5TS %\LD BE FREE TO 9VOLVE 9T]E/ 9 RECOGNITION ( SUBJECTIVE CO/S4 ,BECAUSE :5 REPUTATION IS ! ONLY 5=CEM5T ME*ANISM ! /ATE'S M]C5>Y CO9AGE IS NOT POSITION$ AS ! ULTIMATE GOOD1 9/EAD GOODWILL IS4 ,TO REMOVE VIOL5T 5=CEM5T FROM ! EQUATION PUTS AN IMM$IATE RELEASE VALVE ON ANY POT5TIALLY META/ASIZ+ P[] RELATIONS & GR\NDS PEOPLE DIRECTLY 9 !IR SOCIAL CONTEXT4 ,! MA9 B5EFIT & PROMISE ( MASS SOCIETY IS HAV+ MORE DEGREES ( FRE$OM ) :I* TO RESPOND TO CANC]\S SOCIAL =MS4 ,IF USURY OR WAGE LABOR W]E TO COMPLETELY OV]RUN A SOCIETY & CATALYZE A %IFT FROM C5TRIFUGAL T5D5CIES ON WEAL? TO ACCUMULATIVE ONES WE'D SURELY CONSID] ?AT SOCIETY A FAILURE4 ,BUT 9T]E/1 LIKE CR$IT1 (T5 REFLECTS & MODELS IMPORTANT REALITIES ( UNC]TA9TY & SUBJECTIVITY ?AT WE'D BE LIKEWISE 9SANE TO ALWAYS IGNORE4 

,! PROBLEM 9 ALL !SE SITUATIONS ISN'T MODEL+1 BUT COGNITIVE SIMPLICITY &_/OR ! WRONG MODELS4 ,\R TOOLS %\LD NOT SIMPLIFY OR IGNORE DYNAMICS BUT GIVE US MORE AW>5ESS (1 OPTIONS 91 & LEV]AGE OV] !M4 

,IT IS PRECISELY ?R\< NOT SIMPLIFY+ \R DESIRES 9TO A =M P>SABLE BY ,C,E,OS1 POLITICIANS1 & G5]AL ASSEMBLIES1 BUT 9/EAD EMBRAC+ !IR 9F9ITE DIV]SITY & POT5CY ?AT WE CAN BEG9 TO MAKE TRACTION AGA9/ ! =CES ?AT NE$ VISIBILITY & HUMAN 9T]*ANGEABILITY TO CONTROL US4 ,YET \R DESIRES WILL ALWAYS MAP ONTO MAT]IAL REALITIES 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R-) ORD9AL PREF]5CES-& SC>CITIES ( ELEM5TS1 5]GY1 ETC4 WILL ALWAYS EXI/4 ,COORD9AT+ !IR ALLOCATION ) ANY REMOTE EFFICI5CY IS NOT ALWAYS HYP] IMPORTANT1 BUT = DESIRES & CONSID]ATIONS ( ANY COMPLEXITY !Y WILL BE4 ,I HE> TELL IT'S H>D TO BUILD A GOOD RADIO TELESCOPE )\T AT LEA/ R\ND+ UP BO? /R+ & COCONUTS4 ,HAYEKIAN CALCULATION PROBLEMS >E NO TRIVIAL CONC]N & AS H>DBAK$ 9TO ! UNIV]SE AS 5TROPY OR CRYPTOGRAPHY4 ,SOCIAL =MS ?AT DON'T PRIORITIZE 9DIVIDUAL AG5CY 9 ! ALLOCATION ( GOODS ?AT AFFECT !M WILL LOSE TONS ( 9=MATION4 ,CONV]SELY NO MATT] H[ COMPLEX 9DIVIDUALS' SUBJECTIVE DESIRES1 AUTONOM\S DIRECT ACTION CAN MAXIMALLY CONVEY ! RELEVANT UND]LY+ 9=MATION ?R\< REVEAL$ PREF]5CE4 ,UNLESS WE ALL RETREAT TO ! MO/ TAME ( L& PROJECTS & M$ITATION REGIMES ANYONE SEEK+ TO BUILD A FRE] SOCIETY WILL NE$ TO ADOPT M>KET =MS TO SOME DEGREE4 

,AT ! SAME TIME AN>*I/S %\LD ALSO BE ! FIR/ TO PO9T \T ! DANG]S 9 SIMPLIFY+ !SE MOTIVATIONS4 ,PROBLEMS >ISE :5 WE LOSE SI<T ( ! ROOTS ( \R REASONS = UTILIZ+ M>KETS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ FASC9AT+ CONSID]ATIONS 9 ,DEBT IS ! WAY POPUL> FRAMEWORKS ( E?ICS HAVE *ANG$ OV] TIME AS RELIGI\S1 IDEOLOGICAL OR RADICAL MOVEM5TS GOT KNOTT$ UP APPEAL+ TO ! DOM9ANT LANGUAGE 9 !IR SOCIETY4 

,:5 PEOPLE />T FETI%IZ+ ! ACT ( EX*ANGE AS A F\NDATION = E?ICAL ANALYSIS-9T]NALIZ+ /RATEGIC \<TS AS FULL BL[N MOTIVATIONS UNTO !MSELVES-DANG] >ISES4 

,GRAEB] HAS A COMPLICAT$ & TUMULTU\S AFFAIR ) ! NOTION ( RECIPROCITY ?R\<\T ,DEBT'S PAGES4 ,ON ! ONE H& HE WANTS TO PO9T TO DEBT AS ! S\RCE ( POSITIVE CURR5TS 9 SOCIETIES1 L5D+ WEI<T TO HIS ABHORR5CE = QUANTIFICATION BY %[+ H[ SOME USE A ME% ( DEBTS ?AT >E NEV] PRECISELY RESOLV$ TO BUILD TIES ( COMMUNITY & BRO!RHOOD4 ,ON ! O!R H& HE WANTS TO REJECT ?AT 9 FAVOR ( ! 0,EV]YDAY ,COMMUNISM0 ( COMMUNITY MEMB]S GIV+ TO ONE ANO!R 7:E!R SALT OR ACCURATE DIRECTIONS7 )\T A SECOND ?\<T4 ,:]E ACC\NT+ IS NEV] UND]TAK5 & HUMAN RELATIONS >E >TIFICIALLY ASSUM$ TO BE P]MAN5T3 

! UND]/&+ ?AT1 UNLESS PEOPLE CONSID] !MSELVES 5EMIES1 IF ! NE$ IS CONSID]$ GREAT 5\<1 OR ! CO/ CONSID]$ REASONABLE 5\<1 ! PR9CIPLE ( 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S0 WILL BE ASSUM$ TO APPLY4 

,I SYMPA?IZE /RONGLY ) ! IMPULSE H]E1 BUT NOT ! T]MS ( ! SOLUTION ,GRAEB] PRES5TS4 ,9 TRY+ TO SEIZE ! PRAGMATIC HI< GR\ND BY AB&ON+ F\NDATIONAL CONCEPTUAL CONSID]ATIONS & SPEAK+ 9/EAD 9 T]MS ( GR\PABLE EXI/+ CULTURAL PRACTICES1 ,GRAEB] 9H]5TLY BLOCKS HIMSELF FROM ANY?+ MORE ROBU/ OR POT5T ?AN ! MO/ MUNDANE CASUAL K9DNESS4 

0,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S0 IS NICE AS A V]Y AB/RACT GUID+ LI<T BUT :5 APPLI$ TO ANY NON-TRIVIAL P>TICUL>S IT RAPIDLY FALLS AP>T4 ,HUMAN NE$S >E SIMPLY UNFA?OMABLY COMPLEX4 ,ASIDE FROM SOME BASE CONSID]ATIONS LIKE FOOD1 WAT] & %ELT] ?AT C\LD BE EASILY UNIV]SALLY ASSUR$ BY M]ELY TOPPL+ ! /ATE & CAPITALISM1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( \R NE$S OR DESIRES >E 9 NO S5SE OBJECTIVE OR SATISFY+LY CONVEYABLE4 ,MEASUR+ EXACTLY :OSE DESIRE IS GREAT] OR MORE ( A 0NECESSITY0 IS NOT JU/ AN IMPOSSIBILITY BUT AN IMPULSE ?AT TR5DS TOTALIT>IAN4 ,! CLOSE/ WE CAN GET 9 ASC]TA9+ ?IS 9 R\< T]MS IS ?R\< ! DEC5TRALIZ$ EXPRESSION ( \R PRIORITIES VIA ONE-ON-ONE DISCUSSIONS & NEGOTIATIONS4 ,! M>KET 9 O!R WORDS4 ,COMMUNISM ?R\< PRAXIS RA!R ?AN ! ATTEMPT$ OMNISCI5CE ( COMMITTEES & G5]AL ASSEMBLIES4 ,BUT A COMMUNISM 9 :I* 9DIVIDUALS MU/ PROACTIVELY /& UP = !MSELVES & GIVE VOICE TO ! DESIRES & COMPLEXITIES ?AT ONLY !Y HAVE ACCESS TO4 ,A COMMUNISM 9 :I* :5EV] \R KN[L$GE ( ANO!R P]SON'S NE$S & PREF]5CES GR[S HAZY WE SOLVE ! CALCULATION ?R\< A CONV]SATION ( COMP>ISONS ) \R [N4 ,A COMMUNISM 9 :I* WE >E CON/ANTLY LOOK+ = OPPORTUNITIES TO BUILD TRU/ 7?R\< TE/S LIKE EX*ANGE & LOANS7 \TSIDE \R IMM$IATE CIRCLES SO ?AT \R CONV]SATIONS CAN SPREAD WEAL? FA/] & DYNAMICS ( DI/RU/ CAN BE C\NT]$4 

7,DON'T BE DI/RACT$ BY ! FACT ?AT SOCIOPA?IC W>S ( ALL AGA9/ ALL CAN LIKEWISE TAKE PLACE 9 A DEC5TRALIZ$ ONE-ON-ONE FA%ION ( HO/ILE DISCUSSIONS & NEGOTIATIONS4 ,9 A DIFF]5T 5VIRONM5T ) DIFF]5T CULTURAL 9/9CTS & DIFF]5T1 MORE ADVANC$ SOCIAL ORGANISMS1 9T5TIONS ?AT SLIDE T[>DS ! SOCIOPA?IC CAN BE RECOGNIZ$ & ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ BE=E SU* CONTAGION GA9S ! /R5G? TO S]I\SLY SELF-COMP\ND47 

,9 CONTRA/ TO ! COMMUNI/ POT5TIAL ( ! M>KET ,GRAEB]'S NOTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,COMMUNISM 9 :I* 0NO ACC\NTS >E TAK50 IS CAPABLE ( SLID+ BY 9 ONLY A T9Y REGION ( POSSIBLE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,I DON'T KN[ AB\T Y\ BUT A COMMUNISM ?AT'S ONLY MA9TA9ABLE ?R\< \R IGNORANCE ( DETAILS S\NDS AWFULLY UNSATISFY+1 & C]TA9LY UN/ABLE4 ,GRANT$1 WE ALL 9/9CTIVELY RELAX A BIT AT ! PROSPECT ( ANY RELIEF FROM ! CON/ANT /RESSFUL CALCULATIONS WE'RE =C$ TO PRE=M UND] CAPITALISM1 :]E PREC>ITY DISRUPTS \R ?\<TS ) A BL>+ HYP]-AW>5ESS ( EV]Y LA/ P5NY1 EV]Y LA/ CONTACT1 EV]Y LA/ RISK4 ,BUT ?AT TRAUMA %\LDN'T LEAD TO OV]REACTION 9 BL9D PURSUIT ( C>!SIS4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT ?AT ACC\NTS >E TAK51 ?AT RELATION%IPS >E MAPP$1 OR TRU/ FL[S E/ABLI%$ MORE RIGOR\SLY1 BUT ?AT WE >E =C$ TO PAY CON/ANT ATT5TION TO A SMALL & CRUDE SUBSECTION ( !SE4 ,?AT \R O!R DESIRES & PREOCCUPATIONS-SOME 9VOLV+ EXTRAORD9>Y ATT5TION TO DETAIL->E SUPPRESS$4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT ! AVAILABILITY ( TOOLS & KN[L$GE1 BUT ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ?AT D5IES US A *OICE 9 !M4 ,KEEP+ ACC\NTS ( ALL ! DETAILS ( \R 9T]ACTIONS ) EXTRAORD9>Y DEGREES ( PRECISION1 OR M]ELY BE+ ABLE TO1 DO NOT EQUATE ALWAYS PAY+ ATT5TION TO ?OSE DETAILS4 ,AS ACTIVE M9DS ) DESIRES WE WILL ALWAYS GEEK \T & /RESS \T AB\T ?+S1 & ! COORD9ATION ( GOODS WILL ALWAYS REMA9 ONE4 ,SIMIL>LY ,GRAEB]'S EXHALATION TO DELUDE \RSELVES 9TO ASSUM+ 9F9ITE P]SI/5CE 79 RELATION%IPS1 9 SOCIETIES1 ETC7 IS OBVI\SLY 9CR$IBLY DANG]\S & CONDUCIVE TO OPPRESSIVE SITUATIONS4 ,MORALIZ+ 9 FAVOR ( IGNORANCE IS A DUMB /RATEGY = COMMUNISM & C]TA9LY NOT PRAGMATIC4 ,! DYNAMICS AT PLAY 9 TRIVIAL SITUATIONS LIKE PASS+ ! SALT TO ONE ANO!R & NOT GIV+ PEOPLE FALSE DIRECTIONS1 :ILE POSITIVE1 >E NOT SCALABLE BLUEPR9TS = A BETT] WORLD4 

,I WANT TO BE ABSOLUTELY CLE> H]E4 ,BY REJECT+ ,GRAEB]'S 0EV]YDAY COMMUNISM0 ,I AM NOT ADVOCAT+ ! SECOND>Y MORAL FRAMEWORK HE IMPLICITLY SETS UP AS COMPETITOR OR FALLBACK4 ,!RE >E DEEP ISSUES ) E?ICS BUILT ON NOTIONS ( EX*ANGE4 ,9DE$ MY GREATE/ CRITIQUE ( 0EV]YDAY COMMUNISM0 IS ?AT IT DOESN'T GO F> 5\< 9 REJECT+ ! E?IC ( RECIPROCITY4 ,! 9T]NALIZATION ( ! USEFUL /RATEGY ( EX*ANGE OR TIT-=-TAT 9TO A CORE MOTIVAT+ OBLIGATION IS A COGNITIVE ]ROR ) NA/Y CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 %ORT RECIPROCITY W\LD BE RECOGNIZ$ & D5\NC$ BY MILL5NIALI/ REBELS ?R\<\T HI/ORY AS A RESPECT] ( P]SONS2 IT DIFF]5TIATES ! WORLD ACCORD+ TO :O HAS DONE :AT = US P]SONALLY RA!R ?AN :O C\LD BE/ B5EFIT4 ,?IS IS F9E = MANY /RATEGIC CONSID]ATIONS BUT AWFUL AS A MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK4 ,EMPA?Y & COMPASSION >E NOT /RATEGIC1 !Y >E PRIOR TO /RATEGY4 ,!Y'RE :AT SET ! GOALS4 ,! \<TS ( E?ICAL MOTIVATIONS >ISE :5 \R ID5TITY1 \R SELFHOOD BECOMES BLURR$ ACROSS TIME & SPACE4 ,TO FUTURE V]SIONS ( ONE'S 0SELF0 :O'D BE IRRITAT$ IF TODAY ONE DIDN'T TAKE \T ! TRA%1 BUT ALSO TO O!R F\NTA9HEADS ( CREATIVITY & 9QUIRY EMB$D$ 9 DIFF]5T CONTEXTS1 DIFF]5T BODIES4 ,IT'S NOT ?AT WE 9 SOME S5SE [E !M1 IT'S ?AT WE 9 SOME S5SE >E !M4 ,ALBEIT SUBJECTIVELY CLOS$ FROM !IR FULL CONTEXT4 ,SU* \<TS >E NOT EXT]NAL OB/ACLES OR DYNAMICS BUT DIRECT EXPRESSIONS ( \R SELFHOOD4 ,\R COMMUNI/ MOTIVATIONS PREC$E ! REALM ( /RATEGIES & M>KET EX*ANGES1 & WILL ON OCCASION OV]WRITE ! HEURI/ICS WE ADOPT 9 ?OSE CONTEXTS4 ,AS 9 ! CASE ( 09TELLECTUAL PROP]TY0 :]E !RE'S NO REASON TO P]SI/ 9 /RATEGIES ADOPT$ TO DEAL ) ACTUAL SC>CITIES4 

,GRAEB] IS NOT UNAW>E ( ! DANG]S TO RECIPROCITY AS AN IDEA & HE TRIES TO /RET* IT AS F> AS ! CONCEPT CAN GO )\T BREAK+1 BUT :AT HE CONJURES AS AN IDEALIC RECIPROCITY 9 A BROAD S5SE IS /ILL NOT 5\<3 

,:AT IS EQUAL ON BO? SIDES IS ! KN[L$GE ?AT ! O!R P]SON W\LD DO ! SAME = Y\1 NOT ?AT !Y NECESS>ILY WILL4 

,?IS FALLS DRAMATICALLY %ORT ( EMPA?Y AS A F\NDATION = AN E?ICAL \TLOOK 9 TWO RESPECTS1 #a7 IT REQUIRES KN[L$GE ( ! O!R P]SON'S MOTIVATIONS & #b7 IT RE/RICTS MY OBLIGATION TO M]ELY ?OSE :O %>E ! SAME E?OS AS ME4 ,N[ ,I'M NOT SAY+ ?AT ?OSE >5'T /RATEGICALLY IMPORTANT CONSID]ATIONS4 ,BUT MO/ ( US W\LD FI<T TO SAVE PEOPLE FROM G5OCIDE REG>DLESS ( :E!R \R E?NIC OR SOCIAL CIRCLES OV]LAPP$ 5\< = US TO KN[ A DAMN ?+ AB\T !IR MOTIVATIONS4 ,& WE'D FI<T TO SAVE !M IF EV5 WE KNEW !Y W\LDN'T DO ! SAME = US4 

,9DE$1 AS AN>*I/S PUTT+ \R LIVES ON ! L9E TO FI<T OPPRESSIONS ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! WORLD SIL5TLY TOL]ATES OR 5DORSES1 ?IS IS NO R>EFI$ ACADEMIC ISSUE4 ,IT'S ONE ?AT AN>*I/S HAVE GRAPPL$ ) = AS LONG AS !RE HAVE BE5 AN>*I/S4 ,T5SIONS BETWE5 EGOI/ !ORY & ALTRUI/IC CONSEQU5TIALI/ PRACTICE RIVET EV]Y S+LE NOOK & CRANNY ( \R MOVEM5T'S HI/ORY4 ,YET AS BAD AS ?IS SUPPOS$ DISSONANCE HAS BE51 MANY ( ! GR& SOLUTIONS WE'VE FLIRT$ ) HAVE BE5 EV5 WORSE4 ,IF ,KROPOTK9'S ATTEMPT TO PLAY REALI/ BY EMBRAC+ MUTUAL AID AS 0HUMAN NATURE0 CONDEMN$ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO A C5TURY ( LUDDISM & ! NATURAL FALLACY RUN RAMPANT1 ,GRAEB] IS ON ! V]GE ( CANONIZ+ ! PRES5T G5]ATION'S MI/AKES 9 :I* ! AN>*I/ DECIDES TO PLAY REALI/ BY VALORIZ+ ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM1 SOCIAL CAPITAL1 & RECIPROCITY4 

,!RE >E MAJOR PROBLEMS LURK+ H]E4 ,WE >E NOT 0NATIONAL AN>*I/S0 CONT5T ) A RETREAT TO TRIBES1 ) SMALL] /ATES MORE ATT5TIVE 9 !IR OPPRESSION4 ,RW&A PROV$ ?AT JU/ AS DEC5TRALIZATION IS ALWAYS MORE EFFICI5T ?AN C5TRALIZATION1 DEC5TRALIZ$ FASCISM CAN BE MORE EFFICI5T ?AN C5TRALIZ$ FASCISM4 ,9=MAL P[] DYNAMICS MATT] & MU/ BE C\NT]$4 ,AS DO MAT]IAL CON/RA9TS4 ,A SOCIETY 9CAPABLE ( COMPLEX ECONOMIC CALCULATION IS A SOCIETY ?AT WILL LEAVE ,E9/E9S /IFL+ 9 ! FIELDS & ! BL9D )\T RE/ORATIVE IMPLANTS4 

,IT'S NOT 5\< TO M]ELY ID5TIFY ?AT !RE >E CURR5TS ( A BETT] WORLD C\RS+ ?R\< \R VE9S4 ,WE'VE LONG KN[N ?IS4 ,:AT %\LD PREOCCUPY US IS LESS :AT HAS WORK$ 9 ! PA/1 BUT :AT ELSE IS POSSIBLE GO+ =W>D4 ,GRAEB]1 LIKE ALL ACADEMICS1 TRAPP$ 9 ! L& ( LIB]ALS & SNE]+ M>XI/ D9OSAURS1 IS LOA! TO COMMIT OR SUB/ANTIVELY CONSID] BEYOND ! MO/ %ALL[ ( PRESCRIPTIONS3 ,ABOLI% ! DEBT4 ,WELL ( FUCK+ C\RSE4 ,EV5 ,*OMSKY />TS TO LOOK RADICAL FROM ?AT POSITION4 

,5GAG+ ) :AT IS POSSIBLE-& H[ TO WORK BACKW>D FROM !RE TO ATTACKS ON ! EXI/+-REQUIRES AN ANALYSIS DEEP] ?AN CLU/]$ ASSOCIATIONS FROM ANECDOTES4 ,I W\LD LOVE TO SEE LEFT M>KET AN>*I/S & RADICALS MORE BROADLY S]I\SLY TAKE UP ! *ALL5GES RAIS$ 9 ,DEBT4 

,:AT W\LD CURR5CY LOOK LIKE 9 A FRE$ SOCIETY8 ,WE DON'T KN[1 BUT IT'S SAFE TO SAY IT W\LD NO MORE LOOK LIKE ! CURR5T ECONOMY ) ,U,S TREASURY NOTES REPLAC$ BY SILV] CO9S ?AN BUS9ESSES 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! /ATE W\LD LOOK LIKE ,WALM>T4 

,!RE'S BE5 A PAUCITY TO \R IMAG9ATIONS H]E TOO4 ,& MAPP+ \T ! POSSIBILITIES1 MU* LESS LE>N+ ?R\< PRAXIS :I* >RAY BE/ MEET \R SITUATIONAL NE$S1 IS SURE TO BE A HUGE TASK4 ,I'VE BE5 /UDY+1 WRIT+ & HAV+ CONV]SATIONS AB\T ?IS S9CE #bc & SO TOO HAVE MANY MA!MATICIANS1 ECONOMI/S & COMPUT] SCI5TI/S 70CURR5CY0 OBVI\SLY SITT+ )9 A MU* WID] PHASE SPACE ( TRU/ & PROTOCOL DYNAMICS74 ,!RE'S 9T]E/+ WORK BE+ PUBLI%$ ON ! >,XIV1 9 BOOKS & MONOGRAPHS BY ACTIVI/ ECONOMI/S LIKE ,?OMAS ,GRECO1 & AMID ! DELUGE ( CRYPTOCURR5CIES4 ,9DE$ ! POPUL> EXPLOSION ( CRYOCURR5CIES IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ ! PUBLICATION ( ,DEBT IS P]HAPS ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ EXAMPLES ( CONV]G5T HI/ORICAL PRESSURES1 & HAS SE5 BO? TRULY \T !RE PROPOSALS AS WELL AS /UDI\SLY PRIMORDIAL EXP]IM5TS LIKE ,RIPPLE & ,E!RIUM4 

,AMUS+LY A GOOD MANY LIB]T>IANS >E /ILL KICK+ !MSELVES TODAY = DISREG>D+ ,BITCO9 ?ANKS TO ,AU/RIAN OR?ODOXY PRETTY MU* ROOT$ 9 A COBWEBB$ FEW P>AGRAPH ASIDE BY ,MISES 9 ,HUMAN ,ACTION4 ,IF ONLY !Y'D PAID ATT5TION TO ! MAN CONSID]$ BY F> TO BE ! MO/ LIKELY CREATOR ( ,BITCO91 ,NICK ,SZABO1 :O WROTE EXT5SIVELY ON ! HI/ORY & NATURE ( MONEY AS A SOCIAL RELATION A DECADE BE=E ,DEBT4 ,SZABO LAUN*$ (F ,DAWK9'S SUMM>Y ?AT 0MONEY IS A =MAL TOK5 ( DELAY$ RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM0 & EXP&$ IT 9TO A MORE RIGOR\S EXAM9ATION1 EXPLICITLY LAY+ \T MANY ( ! MOTIVATIONS = ,BITCO93 

,COLLECTIBLES AUGM5T$ \R L>GE BRA9S & LANGUAGE AS SOLUTIONS TO ! ,PRISON]'S ,DILEMMA ?AT KEEPS ALMO/ ALL ANIMALS FROM COOP]AT+ VIA DELAY$ RECIPROCATION ) NONK94 ,REPUTATIONAL BELIEFS CAN SUFF] FROM TWO MAJOR K9DS ( ]RORS -- ]RORS ( AB\T :I* P]SON DID :AT1 & ]RORS 9 APPRAIS+ ! VALUE OR DAMAGES CAUS$ BY ?AT ACT4 ,)9 CLANS 7! SMALL & IMM$IATELY LOCAL K9 GR\P1 OR EXT5D$ FAMILY1 :I* =M$ A SUBSET ( A TRIBE71 \R L>GE BRA9S C\LD M9IMIZE !SE ]RORS1 SO ?AT PUBLIC REPUTATION & CO]CIVE SANCTIONS SUP]C$$ ! LIMIT$ MOTIVATION PROVID$ BY ! C\NT]P>TY'S ABILITY TO COOP]ATE OR DEFECT 9 ! FUTURE AS ! MA9 5=C] ( DELAY$ RECIPROCATION4 ,9 BO? HOMO SAPI5S NE&]?ALIS & HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S1 ) ! SAME L>GE BRA9 SIZE1 IT IS QUITE LIKELY ?AT EV]Y LOCAL CLAN MEMB] KEPT TRACK ( EV]YBODY O!R LOCAL CLAN MEMB]'S FAVORS4 ,! USE ( COLLECTIBLES = TRADE )9 ! SMALL LOCAL K9 GR\P MAY HAVE BE5 M9IMAL4 ,BETWE5 CLANS )9 A TRIBE BO? FAVOR TRACK+ & COLLECTIBLES W]E US$4 ,BETWE5 TRIBES1 COLLECTIBLES 5TIRELY REPLAC$ REPUTATION AS ! 5=C] ( RECIPROCATION1 AL?\< VIOL5CE /ILL PLAY$ A MAJOR ROLE 9 5=C+ RI<TS AS WELL AS BE+ A HI< TRANSACTION CO/ ?AT PREV5T$ MO/ K9DS ( TRADE4 

,TO BE USEFUL AS A G5]AL-PURPOSE /ORE ( WEAL? & MEANS ( WEAL? TRANSF]1 A COLLECTIBLE HAD TO BE EMB$D$ 9 AT LEA/ ONE 9/ITUTION ) A CLOS$-LOOP CYCLE1 SO ?AT ! CO/ ( DISCOV]+ &_/OR MANUFACTUR+ ! OBJECT WAS AMORTIZ$ OV] MULTIPLE TRANSACTIONS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 A COLLECTIBLE WAS NOT JU/ ANY K9D ( BEAUTIFUL DECORATIVE OBJECT4 ,IT HAD TO HAVE C]TA9 FUNCTIONAL PROP]TIES1 SU* AS ! SECURITY ( BE+ WE>ABLE ON ! P]SON1 COMPACTNESS = HID+ OR BURIAL1 & UN=GEABLE CO/L9ESS4 ,?AT CO/L9ESS MU/ HAVE BE5 V]IFIABLE BY ! RECIPI5T ( ! TRANSF] -- US+ MANY ( ! SAME SKILLS ?AT COLLECTORS USE TO APPRAISE COLLECTIBLES TODAY4 

,( C\RSE AS A VISION ( AN IDEAL WORLD ,BITCO9 IS PROBLEMATIC 9 MANY RESPECTS4 ,! 5VIRONM5TAL CO/ ( ! 5]GY CONSUMPTION IS NO:]E NE> AS HI< AS HAS BE5 9S9UAT$ BUT IS /ILL >GUABLY UNNECESS>Y4 ,! TRU/ MODEL HAS 9SUFFICI5TLY EXAM9$ WEAKNESSES :5 IT COMES TO ! PROLIF]ATION ( FUTURE PROTOCOL UPDATES-EV5 JU/ ! RATIO ( CORE DEVELOP]S TO US]S 9H]5TLY 9TRODUCES WEAKNESSES ! GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 EAG] TO PRESSURE4 ,& ! IMPLICIT GOAL ( ,ONE ,BIG ,CURR5CY IS JU/ AS UNREASONABLE AS ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION4 ,ANY FLAT GLOBAL CURR5CY WILL RADICALLY FAIL TO MAT* ! TOPOLOGIES ( TRU/1 REPUTATION1 & O!R DIV]SE HUMAN REALITIES IT FLOATS ON TOP ( - LURK+ 9/ABILITIES >E 9H]5T4 ,9TRODUC+ P>ALLEL COMPET+ CURR5CIES ALL MODEL$ ON ! DREAM ( A UNIV]SAL /&>D H>DLY SOLVES ! PROBLEM4 ,MY [N 9CL9ATION IS ?AT EX*ANGE FACILITAT+ HUMAN REPUTATION SY/EMS WILL TR5D T[>DS A RHIZOMATIC F$]ATIVE MODEL ) EV]Y COMMUNITY1 COLLECTIVE OR CONGEAL+ ASSOCIATION FLOAT+ !IR [N 0CURR5CY0 9 A S5SE1 BUILT TO BE DYNAMICALLY RECOGNFIGUR$1 & ) R\T+ PROTOCOLS FLUIDLY NEGOTIAT+ ! NETWORK TOPOLOGY ON ! FLY = 9DIVIDUAL TRANSACTIONS :ILE RETA9+ F> MORE DIRECT$ 9=MATION REG>D+ L9ES ( TRU/ & REPUTE4 ,& 9DE$ ,BITCO9 HAS ALREADY SET (F A VA/ CORNUCOPIA ( SU* DEVELOPM5TS FROM ?+S LIKE COLOR CO9S1 SIDE *A9S1 & META CO9S1 TO COMMUNITIES LIKE ! ,LAKOTA NATION & ,CATALONIA LAUN*+ !IR [N ALT CO9S 7,CATALONIA EV5 WORK+ ON A S*EME TO BAKE 9 BASIC UNIV]SAL 9COME74 ,( C\RSE IT'LL BE A :ILE BE=E ?IS DEVELOPM5T PROCESS OR PRAXIS A*IEVES EV]Y?+ WE WANT4 ,BUT 9 ! MEANTIME1 9 ! NON-PREFIGURATIVE ACTUALLY-EXI/+ WORLD ( VIOL5CE DI/ORT$ M>KETS1 WE'RE HAV+ A H>D TIME HOLD+ ONTO EV5 ! PRECONDITION ( A DEC5TRALIZ$ 9T]NET4 ,IT'S NOT JU/ AN ANALOGY TO NOTE ?AT :ILE ! AN>*I/ IDEAL MAY BE A RI* ECOLOGY ( ME% NETWORKS1 WE'RE ANEMIC 5\< ?AT NET NEUTRALITY IS BETT] ?AN ,DISNEY,COMCA/4 ,& 9 ?AT CONTEXT ,BITCO9 & ITS V>IATIONS1 MU/ BE ACKN[L$G$ AS HOLD+ IMM5SE PRACTICAL UTILITY :5 COMP>$ TO ! CURR5T REGIME4 ,! ,C,N,T WAS A CLU/]FUCK BUT IT DID GET SOME GOOD %IT DONE4 

,& !RE >E A NUMB] ( ?+S ,BITCO9 GETS RI<T4 ,:ATEV] SLOPPILY IMPOS$ TALE ( GR& HI/ORICAL CYCLES ,GRAEB] C>ES TO CONJURE1 MANY ( ! ATTRIBUTES ( SPECIE CURR5CY >E ( GREAT UTILITY TO RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS4 ,IF WE >E TO MAKE A S]I\S PU% BACK ?R\< DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ GLOBAL P[] /RUCTURES WE NE$ ! SAME FUNGIBLE CURR5CIES ?AT GAVE 7& GIVE7 LIFEBLOOD TO PIRATE UTOPIAS & 5ABLE MILLIONS TO HU/LE \T SURVIVAL UND] ! TABLE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,BITCO9 IS CAU<T 9 A T5SION ) PREFIGURATION BY QUIRK ( MA!MATICS :I* =CES EV]Y TRANSACTION 9TO A PUBLIC L$G] TO ITS SATISFY PRO( ( WORK S*EME4 ,?IS TRAIT WAS SE5 AS A BUG RA!R ?AN A FEATURE BY MANY ,LIB]T>IANS 7& !RE >E A FEW ELABORATE S*EMES 9 PROGRESS TO OV]COME IT71 BUT HI/ORY >GUABLY %[S ?AT PUBLIC L$G]S >E ! MORE NATURAL FRAMEWORK = CURR5CY1 FROM NECKLACES TO CLAY TABLETS TO M>K$ /ICKS4 ,! MO/ FAM\S & DIRECT EXAMPLE BE+ ! ISL&]S ( ,YAP :O C>V$ GIANT /ONE CO9S HUNDR$S ( MILES AWAY1 RAFT$ !M HOME & !N SIMPLY PUBLICLY DECL>$ *ANGES ( [N]%IP )\T EV] MOV+ !M4 ,:5 A CO9 WAS ACCID5TALLY DROPP$ 9TO ! SEA ON ITS WAY TO ,YAP ! ISL&]S %RUGG$ & CONT9U$ TO EX*ANGE TITLE TO IT S9CE ITS PHYSICAL LOCATION WAS ULTIMATELY UNIMPORTANT4 ,BITCO9 HAS M]ELY US$ MA!MATICS TO EXT5D ! NUMB] ( P>TIES TO SU* CONS5SUSES :ILE FREE+ \R BRA9S TO REMEMB] & ?9K AB\T O!R ?+S4 7,9T]E/+LY ?IS EASE HAS ALSO FACILITAT$ AN EXPLOSION ( SOCIAL GIFT+ :I* CURR5TLY CON/ITUTE ! MAJORITY ( ,BITCO9 TRANSACTIONS47 

,( C\RSE EV5 :5 IT'S POSSIBLE !RE CAN BE PROBLEMS ) SIMPLY SCAL+ UP TOOLS & APPROA*ES ?AT WORK WELL ON ! TRIBAL LEVEL1 JU/ BECAUSE WE CAN GET >\ND ,DUNB>'S LIMIT ON SOME DYNAMICS DOESN'T MEAN WE CAN = ALL 9T]RELAT$ DYNAMICS1 & TO GRAB ONTO SOLUTIONS ?AT HAVE WORK$ BE=E IGNOR+ *ANGES 9 CONTEXT IS DANG]\S 9 ! EXTREME4 ,IF A TE*NOLOGY-LIKE A CURR5CY-CAN FACILITATE A LIB]ATORY MASS SOCIETY IT %\LD BE BUILT >\ND 5HANC+ AG5CY & GIV+ FOLKS BROAD] & MORE FLUID *OICES4 

,?AT SAID1 :ILE A GREAT NUMB] ( PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLV$ BY AUTOMAT+ ! GRUNT WORK 9VOLV$ 9 PROTOCOL NEGOTIATION1 R\T+1 MAP-LE>N+1 /OCK PR$ICTIONS1 ETC41 EV5 ! MO/ FURTURI/ G5]AL ,A,I WILL /ILL BE />KLY LIMIT$ BY ,HAYEKIAN SUBJECTIVITY4 ,UNLESS WE BUY 9TO ! CAPITALI/ & /ATE COMMUNI/ VISION ( LIMIT$1 CONTROLLABLE DESIRES WE WILL /ILL HAVE TO AT SOME PO9T1 AT SOME LEVEL 5GAGE4 ,EV5 ! MO/ ADVANC$ TOOL CAN'T 9TUIT \R NE$S1 OR1 = EXAMPLE ASSUME A ?REAT OR TRU/ MODEL = US4 ,WE HAVE TO DECL>E \R EV] *ANG+ PREF]5CES & CONTEXTUAL CONSID]ATIONS1 WE HAVE TO MAKE DECISIONS1 WE HAVE TO ACTIVELY JUDGE4 ,& IT'S H]E ?AT ! ISSUE ( :AT EXACTLY DO WE WANT TO PAY ATT5TION TO >ISES4 ,M>KETS CAN EXI/ ONLY :]EV] ATT5TION IS PLAC$4 ,& SOME PEOPLE FEEL DEEPLY ANNOY$ :5 HUGE AM\NTS ( ATT5TION IS PLAC$ 9 >EAS BY O!RS ?AT !Y DON'T WANT TO LIKEWISE PAY ATT5TION TO4 ,:AT %\LD WE HAVE M>KETS 98 ,:AT %\LD WE CALCULATE ) PRECISION8 ,H[ CAN WE1 9 WILDLY V>Y+ SITUATIONS1 M$IATE BETWE5 ?OSE :O = V>I\S REASONS WANT TO OBSESS OV] A DYNAMIC & ?OSE :O W\LD RA!R NOT GIVE A FUCK8 ,!SE >E QUE/IONS (T5 CLOAK$ 9 COMBATIVE1 REACTIVE RHETORIC1 BUT >E WOR? BR++ TO ! =E4 

,OBVI\SLY WE %\LDN'T JU/ RETIRE HUMAN 9QUIRY AWAY AT SOME LEVEL ( AW>5ESS1 />T SOME L& PROJECT & SEEK NO FUR!R1 BUT WE DO OCCASIONALLY REA* PLATEAUS 9 HUMAN COMPUTATIONAL CAPACITY ) DIM9I%+ RETURNS4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A HI<]-B&WID? LANGUAGE OR TELEPA?Y1 MICROMANAG+ \R RELATION%IPS CAN BECOME C\NT]PRODUCTIVE4 ,:5 ,I WAS A TE5 ,I FELT HORRIFI$ & BETRAY$ TO OV]HE> A CLU/] ( AN>*AFEM9I/S BITT]LY COMPLA9+ AB\T !IR S5SITIVE P>TN]S *ECK+ 9 AB\T CONS5T ON EV]Y LITTLE ACTION 9 B$1 BUT ! PO9T IS ACTUALLY VALID4 ,OV]-RESOLUTION 9 A SPECIFIC REALM :5 IT BECOMES NORMATIVE CAN BE CON/RA9+ TO ?OSE ) O!R PRIORITIES 9 EXPLORATION4 ,?AT SAID !RE IS ( C\RSE1 ULTIMATELY NO SU* ?+ AS OV]-RESOLUTION 9 \R COLLECTIVE /RIV+ = UND]/&+ 9 EV]Y >5A4 ,!RE'S NO >EA OR LEVEL TO :I* WE ALL %\LD FL9* FROM EXAM9ATION-REG>DLESS ( :E!R WE DECIDE WE WANT TO LIVE AT ?AT GRANUL>ITY 9 \R EV]YDAY LIVES ) BOR+ OLD NON-TRAN%UMAN HOMO SAPI5S BRA9S4 

,WE HAVE MANY PROBLEMS TO SOLVE1 FROM ! FE$BACK LOOPS 9 SOCIAL CAPITAL ?AT DRIVE 9=MAL P[] RELATIONS TO MEANS = SURVIVORS ( SECRET RAPI/S TO F9D ONE ANO!R & COORD9ATE 9 AN UNTRU/WOR?Y 5VIRONM5T4 ,A WI%FUL LONG+ = IGNORANCE ( HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS IS NOT A PRODUCTIVE OR WORKABLE IDEAL4 ,IF !RE'S ONE ?+ ,I HOPE READ]S TAKE AWAY FROM ,DEBT IT'S A CALL+ TO GEEK \T ON P>TICUL>S & TACKLE !SE DYNAMICS4 ,?IS ISN'T UN*>T]$ T]RITORY1 !RE'S A LOT ( REALLY GREAT WORK GO+ ON & TOOLS BE+ =G$ BY H]OES4 ,! NEXT *APT] ON DEBT1 9 :I* MANY ( ITS =MS >5'T ABOLI%$ FROM ON HI< BUT DISSOLV$ FROM BEL[1 HAS /ILL YET TO BE F9I%$4 

,SO :AT !N TO SAY 9 CONCLUSION8 

,I ?9K ?IS SUMM>Y ( ,GRAEB]'S IS SUPREMELY ILLU/RATIVE ( ! MI/AKES CREEP+ 9TO HIS ACC\NT3 

,ALL HUMAN 9T]ACTIONS >E NOT =MS ( EX*ANGE4 ,ONLY SOME >E4 ,EX*ANGE 5C\RAGES A P>TICUL> WAY ( CONCEIV+ HUMAN RELATIONS4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE EX*ANGE IMPLIES EQUALITY1 BUT IT ALSO IMPLIES SEP>ATION4 ,IT'S PRECISELY :5 ! MONEY *ANGES H&S1 :5 ! DEBT IS CANCEL$1 ?AT EQUALITY IS RE/OR$ & BO? P>TIES CAN WALK AWAY & HAVE NO?+ FUR!R TO DO ) EA* O!R4 

,YET !RE >E NO SU* ?+ AS UNSEP>AT$ HUMAN BE+S6 ,EV]Y HUMAN RELATION%IP IS DEEPLY PR$ICAT$ UPON SEP>ATION4 ,UNTIL BRA9-TO-BRA9 TE*NOLOGY MATURES & RADICALLY SCALES UP ! B&WID? ( \R POT5TIAL COMMUNICATION EV5 ! CLOSE/ ( LOV]S FACE /RONG LIMITS FROM ! SUBJECTIVITY 9H]5T TO 9DIVIDUAL EXI/5CE4 ,= SOME RELATION%IPS & SITUATIONS ,GIFT ( ! ,MAGI /YLE CATA/ROPHES >E A TOL]ABLE BULLET TO BITE1 BUT ONLY EV] TO A C]TA9 DEGREE4 ,& AS WE %AKE (F ! %ACKLES ( CAPITALISM & LET \R DESIRES /RET* SU* CONFUSIONS & LOGJAMS WILL BECOME EV5 LESS CUTE4 

,FUR!R1 ! NOTION ?AT 0EQUALITY IS RE/OR$0 WILDLY IGNORES :AT SOCIAL CURR5CY WAS AB\T IMP]FECTLY DECL>+3 /&+ & TRU/WOR?9ESS1 REALITIES ?AT DON'T HAVE TO BE HI]>*ICAL & ASSESSM5TS !RE( ?AT DON'T HAVE TO BE COLLECTIVELY MANAG$4 ,:5 ! NEI<BOR RETURNS PRECISELY ONE CUP ( RICE & MAYBE A LITTLE MORE AS AGRE$ ON1 ?AT DOESN'T HAVE TO CANCEL ! RELATION%IP1 IT CAN 5HANCE IT BY PROV+ TRU/WOR?9ESS4 ,I AM FREE+ Y\ TO HAVE AG5CY 9 Y\R ASSOCIATION ) ME1 SO ?AT \R FRI5D%IP MI<T BE RI*] = ! KN[L$GE ?AT WE >E NOT B\ND BY MAT]IAL CONSID]ATIONS4 ,ONLY ) SU* KN[L$GE CAN WE BE CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ REAL AFF9ITIES4 ,A CONS5SUAL SOCIETY %\LD BE BUILT (F KN[+ WE CAN RECONFIGURE \R SOCIAL RELATIONS AT ANY MOM5T4 ,?AT !IR SUB/ANCE LIES NOT 9 OSSIFI$ ROLES OR ID5TITIES BUT 9 EMPA?Y4 

,9 AN UND]/&ABLE BUT DANG]\S RU% TO PA9T A CLEAN PICTURE ,DAVID ,GRAEB] IGNORES A HO/ ( O!R POSSIBILITIES & PA9TS AN ALL-TOO-CUTE HI/ORICAL PROGRESSION & TAXONOMY 9 :I* ALL HUMAN SOCIETIES MIX DIFF]5T DEGREES ( HI]>*ICAL1 COMMUNI/IC1 & M>KET ORI5T$ DYNAMICS4 ,BUT M>KETS1 9 HIS TALE1 >E PRIM>ILY A CONFUS$ /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 :I* ANY P]MAN5CE OR SUB/ANCE TO HUMAN RELATIONS IS DISSOLV$ & EV]Y?+ IS QUANTIFI$4 ,& ! UNQUANTIFI$1 UNEXAM9$1 UNMAPP$ IGNORANCE ( COMMUNISM IS BLISS4 

,I DISAGREE4 

,:ATEV] MORALI/IC LANGUAGE MAY SOMETIMES CL+ TO !M1 M>KETS !MSELVES >E NOT ROOT$ 9 CULTURAL CONFUSION BUT 9 9ESCAPABLE MAT]IAL & GAME !ORETIC REALITIES4 ,CURR5CY RESOLVES AN IMPORTANT ISSUE 9 MASS SOCIETIES & :ILE IT CAN HAVE PROBLEMS !Y CAN BE SOLV$ ) MORE MA!MATICAL NUANCE NOT LESS4 

,WE %\LD BE 9CR$IBLY SUSPICI\S ( VALORIZ+ ALT]NATIVES LIKE ,MAUSSIAN GIFT ECONOMIES ?AT EMBRACE 9T]P]SONAL P[] DYNAMICS RA!R ?AN WORK+ TO NEGATE !M4 ,& ,GRAEB]'S COMMUNISM-AS-A-DELIB]ATE-/ATE-(-IGNORANCE H>DLY S]VES ANY BETT]4 ,IF WE REALLY C>E AB\T ONE ANO!R1 IF WE REALLY WANT TO BUILD A FRE] WORLD FROM AN ORI5TATION ( EMPA?Y & COMPASSION1 IF WE'RE REALLY CONC]N$ AB\T ! CRY/ALIZATION ( HI]>*IES1 WE [E IT TO \RSELVES TO BE MAXIMALLY VIGILANT1 TO SEIZE EV]Y TOOL AT \R DISPOSAL & REMA9 UNPETRIFI$ ( EXPLOR+ ROOT DYNAMICS4 

,IT IS ! 9T]PLAY ( DESIRE & MA? ?AT ULTIMATELY %APES :AT IS POSSIBLE1 NOT SWEEP+ HI/ORICAL IMPRESSIONS OR AWKW>D TAXONOMIES ( CULTURAL DYNAMICS4 ,DEBT3 ,! ,FIR/ #e1 ,YE>S IS AN EXHIL>AT+ /ORM ( ANECDOTES & ) MANY 9SI<TFUL !MES1 BUT IT FL\ND]S 9 MANY RESPECTS :5 IT SEEKS TO DRAW LESSONS FROM HI/ORY4 

,! PA/ IS NO CAGE = ! FUTURE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bba 3 ,DEBT3 ,! ,POSSIBILITIES ,IGNOR$ -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,DEBT3 ,! ,POSSIBILITIES ,IGNOR$ -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/