,CYB]PUNK & ,TE*NOLOGY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,! MA9 *>ACT]I/IC ( CYB]PUNK IS ?AT IT ESCAPES DEF9ITION4 ,?IS IS NOT ONLY DUE TO ! WIDE RANGE ( *OICES 9 ! IDEAS ( ITS SUPPORT]S1 IT IS ALSO A DIRECT EFFECT ( ! POSSIBILITIES (F]$ BY ! NEW ME?ODS ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY4 ,NO?+ 9 ?IS FIELD CAN BE NEATLY SEP>AT$ FROM ! RE/4 ,9 MANY N>RATIVE TEXTS ! /YLE ( ! /ORY REFLECTS ! MEANS ?AT MAKE IT 9TO A TRANSMITTABLE OBJECT1 & ?IS SAME /ORY !N HAS CONSEQU5CES ON ! ELABORATION ( FUTURE TE*NOLOGY4 

,! ME*ANISM UND\BT$LY ALL[S = AN AUTONOMY ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI\SNESS & SOPHI/ICATION 9 DECISION-MAK+ CAPACITY1 IF NO?+ ELSE AS F> AS TIM+ IS CONC]N$4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PR$ICT ! AM\NT ( 9TELLECTUAL CAPACITY1 ! RATIONAL ELEM5T ?AT SUPPORTS ALL ! WEI<T ( ! RIGID PIGEON-HOL+ ( PROC$URES4 ,H]E ALL M&ATORY REM>KS SEEM ALMO/ AN ATTEMPT TO EXORCIZE AN UNC]TA9TY ONE CANNOT HELP P]CEIV+4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL :O ACCEPTS ?IS RELATION%IP ) 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY SOON MOVES T[>DS A G5]IC REFUSAL ( C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY1 A PA? 9 ! =E/ ?AT C\LD LEAD !M TO CONCLUSIONS ?AT W\LD BE V]Y IMPORTANT FROM A LIB]ATORY PO9T ( VIEW W]E IT NOT ?AT !Y IMM$IATELY COME UP AGA9/ ! OB/ACLE ( ! 9/RUM5T ITSELF4 ,! ACTOR-9/RUM5T 9T]ACTION DOES NOT HAVE ANY REAL \TLET O!R ?AN CON/ITUT+ AN ATMOSPH]E ( TOL]ANCE1 :5 NOT EXACTLY 9DIFF]5CE1 CONC]N+ ALL ASPECTS ?AT 9 ANY CASE >E ?REAT5$ BY A RAMPANT SPREAD+ ( ! MEANS ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY >\ND ! SOME:AT OBSCURE OP]ATIVE FIELD4 

,IT %\LD BE SAID ?AT ALL MANIFE/ATIONS ( CYB]PUNK ALMO/ UNWITT+LY 5D UP PRODUC+ A H$ONI/IC VIEW ( LIFE4 ,SKEPTICISM IS ACCEPT$ AS A VALUE1 AN 9TELLIG5T WAY ( ?9K+ :I* EV]Y LEVEL ( SPECIALI/ IS PU%$ T[>DS1 & ! COMPUT] ITSELF 5DS UP BECOM+ A SPECIALIZATION ) ITS [N LANGUAGE & M5TALITY4 ,A SYMBIOSIS BETWE5 ?OSE :O />T A DIALOGUE ) ! MA*9E & ! MA*9E ITSELF IS ?US 9EVITABLE4 ,BUT ?IS IS OCCULT1 SO MU* SO AS TO BE SY/EMATICALLY D5I$1 NEGATION BECOM+ A FUR!R ELEM5T ( CONCEALM5T4 ,& ! SPECIALI/ M5TALITY IS ALWAYS A /EP AHEAD4 ,! MORE IT ADVANCES 9 ! FIELD ( MANAGEABLE OBJECTIVITY1 ! MORE IT CRADLES ITSELF 9 ! S5SE ( SECURITY ?AT COMES FROM FEEL+ AT EASE 9 ! AMBIT ( PROC$URES ?AT KN[ EA* O!R1 9T]ACT1 9CREAS+LY DELIMIT ! CONF9ES ( A WORLD DEPRIV$ ( PROC$URE ?AT IS JU/ WAIT+ TO BE REGULAT$1 SO TAK5 BACK TO ! SPH]E ( ! MEASURABLE4 ,! SPECIALI/ IS DI/+UI%ABLE PRECISELY BECAUSE ( HIS C]TA9TY ( VALUES ?AT T5D TO FL[ \TW>DS 9 ! DIRECTION ( A KN[L$GE ( :I* HE AS A SPECIALI/ KN[S NO?+1 OR ALMO/ NO?+1 AB\T4 ,BUT ?IS IGNORANCE NO LONG] SEEMS TO HIM TO BE A NEGATIVE ELEM5T TO BE REM$I$ BUT SIMPLY A REMOTE1 DESOLATE PLACE TO BE COLONIZ$1 WILD *AOS ?AT NE$S TO BE PUT 9 ORD] & UND]/OOD4 

,ALL ?IS MU/ NOT TAKE A RIGID VIEW ( REALITY4 ,NOT MEASURE & TE*NOCRATS4 ,?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 9EVITABLE 9 O!R TIMES1 F> FROM ! COMPUT] ]A ( TODAY4 ,! ELABORATION ( NEW PROC$URES %[S A CONSID]ABLE LEVEL ( CREATIVITY1 ALL[+ IRONIC REFLECTIONS ON ! ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ( SOCIETY4 ,! P>ADOXICAL & ! CONTRADICTORY !RE=E HAVE ACCESS TO REASON+ TE*NIQUES4 ,?AT ALL[S = AN EXPLOSION ( PRACTICES 9 ! VISION>Y & P]HAPS SURREAL DIRECTION1 IF ONE C\LD ONLY AGREE ON ! T]M4 ,BUT ?AT MATT]S LITTLE4 ,:AT DOES MATT] IS ! P>ALLEL ME*ANISM ( ACCEPTANCE ( ALL ! TE*NIQUES ?AT MAKE ! VISION>Y RUPTURE ( REALITY POSSIBLE4 ,9 A WAY ! J\RNEY IS REALIZ$ AT ! CO/ ( ! DREAM ME*ANISM1 A NEUROLOGICAL LEVEL ?AT WE >E UNABLE TO CONTROL1 SAFEGU>D+ IT FROM UNCONSCI\S ORD9ATIVE IMPLICATIONS4 

,!RE ?US EM]GES AN IMPLICIT REALISM ?AT CON/RUCTS ITSELF 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! DECISIONS & DESIRES ( ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! CYB]PUNK EXP]I5CE4 ,! PROCESSES ( ! ELECTRONIC ORGANIZATION ( DATA BUILD ?IS REALITY )9 :I* ALL EXP]I5CE1 EV5 ! VIOL5TLY VISUAL K9D1 5DS UP BE+ CODIFI$ 9 NUMB]S 9 ! SAME DIGITAL COMMUNICATION4 ,! VIRTUAL ADV5TURE :I* IS AT ! C5T]1 AT LEA/ = ! MOM5T1 ( CYB]PUNK CULTURE1 C\LD RUN ! RISK ( DISSEM9AT+ 9T5TIONS PRECISELY 9 ?AT T]RITORY ( CODIFICATION :]E EA* GAME C\LD BE READ 9 A KEY ?AT CONFIRMS P[]4 ,! IMPLICIT IDEOLOGY ( TOL]ANCE T[>DS HACK+1 NO MATT] H[ EXTREME1 IS BORN & N\RI%ES ITSELF 9 ! IDEA1 = ! TIME BE+ UNDECL>$ BUT UND]GR\ND1 ?AT P[] IS CAPABLE ( RECUP]AT+ & MANAG+ ANY BEHAVIOR :ATSOEV] 9 ! 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY SECTOR4 ,OV] ! NEXT FEW YE>S1 ! CONDITIONS ( ?IS RELATION%IP C\LD *ANGE1 BO? A REALIZATION ( ! DREAMS ( ! CYB]PUNKS 79 ! SECTOR ?+S GO AHEAD BY LEAPS & B\NDS71 & AN ACUT5+ ( ! PREOCCUPATIONS ( SOCIAL CONTROL4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT !RE >E ALSO ATTEMPTS TO DEMY/IFY1 & ?AT ! ACTION ( RECUP]ATION & SUBTRACTION 9DIRECTLY S]VE TO /UDY ! BEHAVIOR ( P[] AS IT MANAGES & CONTROLS DATA4 ,BUT ALL ?AT SOON COMES BACK UND] ! COV] ( ! TE*NOLOGY ITSELF1 9T]F]+ ) ! 9T5TIONS1 PUTT+ IT BEYOND ONE'S [N PROJECT UNBRAKABLY4 ,! 9V5TION ( NEW PROC$URES IS C]TA9LY AN AB/RACTION ?AT USES CABL$ MEANS BECAUSE !Y PRES5T !MSELVES2 BUT IT ITSELF 5DS UP BE+ ! OPPORTUNITY ( AN 9T]M$IATE P>T ( ! MEANS ITSELF1 />T+ FROM ! UNCONTROLL$ ?RE%OLD ( ! :OLE SY/EM ( TE*NOLOGICAL 9T]ACTION4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ALL ?IS HAPP5S AT TWO LEVELS3 AT ! SPECIFIC LEVEL1 9 ?AT NO CREATION CAN SUBTRACT ITSELF FROM ITS 9T]ACTIVITY )9 ! SY/EM4 ,AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL LEVEL 9 G5]AL1 9 ?AT A WID] 9T]ACTION W\LD 5D UP PLAY+ ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( ALL ! TE*NOLOGICAL SECTORS ?AT 9 A WAY >E COMPLETELY BEYOND CONTROL4 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! WORLD1 EI!R CYB]PUNK OR ! SY/EM ( CONTROL1 ?AT IS CAPABLE ( CONTROLL+ ?IS SECOND LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGICAL 9T]ACTION4 

,MANY HAVE PO9T$ \T ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS ( A COLLABORATION ( C]TA9 P>TICIPANTS 9 ?IS MOVEM5T ) ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T1 OR >E S>CA/IC AB\T ! RE/ITUTION ( MONEY /OL5 VIA COMPUT]S AIM$ AT DEMON/RAT+ ! WEAKNESSES ( ! C\NT]P>T4 

,I DO NOT CONSID] !SE TO BE S]I\S >GUM5TS )9 ! SPH]E ( A SUB/ANTIAL CRITIQUE ( ! PROCESS ( 9T]ACTION ) 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY4 ,FIR/ ( ALL BECAUSE !SE >E P]SONAL DECISIONS1 & SECOND BECAUSE ! FIELD ( ANY CRITIQUE MU/ BE ?AT ( ! EV5TUAL USE ( TE*NOLOGY 9 G5]AL1 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY 9 P>TICUL>1 9 A WAY ?AT IS DIFF]5T TO ?AT CONTROLL$ & MANAG$ BY P[]4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ONLY VALID QUE/ION TO ASK IS :E!R A REALLY 9DIVIDUAL USE ( COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY IS POSSIBLE4 ,! 5D ( COMMUNICATION1 VISIBLE 9 ! TATT]S ( ! WRITT5 WORD1 SEEMS TO M>K ! BEG9N+ ( ! ?IRD MILL5NIUM4 ,CAN VIRTUAL SPACE CON/ITUTE AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SPACE1 OR WILL IT BECOME A WAY ( SEAL+ ! C(F9 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL8 ,! MASSIFI$ MANAGEM5T ( COMMUNICATION IS PROCE$+ V]TICALLY1 :ILE SPACE = RELAT+ BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS IS %R9K+4 ,:5 ?IS SURVIVES1 IT IS 5GLOB$ 9 ! UNIFI$ CODE ( ! SECTOR1 I4E4 !Y APPE> AS TRANSMITT]S ( UNI=MITY1 NEWS BECOMES SIGNIFICANT PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS PREV5TIVELY HOMOLOGIZ$ 9 AN ID5TICAL CONTA9]4 ,EV]Y?+ DEP5DS ON SEE+ :E!R ! VIRTUAL MODEL BE+ PROPOS$ IS REALLY CAPABLE ( MOV+ HORIZONTALLY OR :E!R ?IS MOVEM5T IS NO MORE ?AN A PASSAGE FROM 9T5TION TO HOMOLOGATION4 ,?AT ! O!R1 PRECISELY 9 ITS ROLE AS 9T]LOCUTOR1 IS F9ALLY SUB/ITUT$ BY ! MA*9E ITSELF & ITS VIRTUAL POT5TIAL4 ,BUT ALL ?AT HAS ONE CONDITIONAL PREMISE1 AT LEA/ = ! CYB]PUNK3 ?AT IT REMA9S TO BE PROV5 ?AT ! MA*9E CAN REALLY BE PUT TO ! S]VICE ( MAN1 & ?AT P[] CANNOT1 P>ALLELLY1 /ORE UP ALL ! 9=MATION NECESS>Y TO MANAGE 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY &1 9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 ! TOTALITY ( PRODUCTION & CONTROL4 ,HACK+ W\LD !RE=E ONLY BE CAPABLE ( DEMON/RAT+ H[ MANY CRACKS !RE >E 9 ! CONTROLL$ /RUCTURES ( ! DOM9ANT 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY1 & :]E !Y RESIDE4 ,IF ?IS AIM W]E PRACTICABLE1 ! OPPOSITE CONSID]ATION %\LD ALSO BE C]TA91 ?AT ! DOM9ANT /RUCTURE W\LD NOT HAVE ! MEANS TO TAKE RADICAL MEASURES4 ,N[1 NO MATT] :AT EXP]I5CE !RE MI<T BE 9 O!R FIELDS & O!R MODALITIES ( ATTACK1 ! CAPACITY TO TAKE MEASURES ALWAYS EXI/S2 & ?IS CAPACITY REMA9S1 LET US SAY1 ONLY A DIALOGUE 9 ! CASE 9 :I* ! ATTACK REMA9S 9 ! FIELD ( SYMBOLIC PROC$URE4 ,5T]+ ! SPH]E ( REAL DE/RUCTION ! P[] /RUCTURE MODIFIES ITS BEHAVIOR & ADDS C\NT]MOVES ?AT >E NOT ONLY REPRESSIVE BUT >E ALSO ORGANIZATIONAL4 

,:AT ,I AM TRY+ TO SAY IS ?AT ANY DEMON/RATIVE DI/URBANCE C\LD SIMPLY CONV9CE ! C\NT]P>T TO 9CLUDE IT 9 ! V>IABLES ( MANAGEM5T1 AS A P]C5TAGE ( UNC]TA9TY4 ,A MORE RADICAL DI/URBANCE LEADS TO MEASURES ?AT CANNOT BE /UDI$ & EVALUAT$ AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL LEVEL BY ?OSE :O SIMPLY *IP 9 ) ! P[] /RUCTURE1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !IR ACTION DOES NOT PROVOKE !M1 SO DOES NOT =CE IT TO COME \T4 ,REMA9+ SU* AN APPROA*1 :I* SEEMS FAIRLY G5]ALIZ$1 ! = & AGA9/ >GUM5TS >E NO MORE ?AN SIMPLE PETITIONS ( PR9CIPLE4 

,TO SUPPOSE ?AT RESULTS OBTA9ABLE ?R\< ! USE ( ELECTRONIC TE*NOLOGY DO NOT DIRECTLY LEAD TO A GR[? 9 HUMAN AW>5ESS SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y F9D !MSELVES 9 ! H&S ( A M9ORITY ITSELF DEVOID ( SOCIAL AW>5ESS1 IS EI!R A TAUTOLOGY )\T HOPE1 OR AN ILLUSION GRAFT$ 9TO ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( TE*NOLOGY 9 G5]AL & COMPUT] 9 P>TICUL>4 ,CAN ! EXCLUD$ MAKE A DIFF]5T USE ( IT8 ,CAN ?IS HYPO!TICAL DIFF]5T USE BECOME ! OBJECTIVE ( ALL ?OSE :O 9T5D TO ATTACK ! MANAGEM5T ( P[]8 ,! PROBLEM IS ! CLASSICAL ONE ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?OSE MANAG+ P[]4 ,BUT N[1 9 ADDITION TO ! TRADITIONAL ASPECTS ( ?IS PROBLEM1 ONE MU/ ALSO BE> 9 M9D ! ELEM5TS & 9T]ACTIONS SPECIFIC TO ELECTRONIC MEANS4 

,I AM NOT TRY+ TO SAY H]E ?AT ONE %\LD DESI/ FROM DEMONIZ+ ALL ASPECTS ( ELECTRONIC TE*NOLOGY1 OR LIMIT ONESELF TO ATTACK+ ! NEGATIVE EXPRESSIONS ?AT >E CLOSE/ TO H&4 ,?IS W\LD PREV5T A DIRECT AW>5ESS ( ! POSSIBLE PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ( ?IS TE*NOLOGY1 !RE=E ( ANY ATTACKS AIM$ AT REM$Y+ ! PROBLEM BY CONTRA/+ IT ) RELATIVE SOCIAL & POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS4 ,IT IS JU/ ?AT IT SEEMS TO ME TO BE NAIVE TO TRU/ ! EQUATION ?AT PUTS ?+S 9 A L9E> PROCESS ( 9T]E/+ ONESELF 9 !SE PROBLEMS & MAK+ A C]TA9 !ORETICAL EF=T1 CONCLUD+ ) ! POSSIBILITY ( UND]/&+ & DECID+ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS1 :ILE CONS]V+ ! POSITIVE ONES4 

,9 ORD] TO AVOID ANY MISUND]/&+1 & CONSEQU5TLY PO9TLESS >GUM5TS CONC]N+ ! USE ( COMPUT]S OR A RETURN TO ! QUILL P51 ONE %\LD PO9T \T ?AT !RE IS NO?+ SACR$ AB\T SUSPECT+ RATIONALITY 9 G5]AL1 OR AGA9/ P5ETRAT+1 >M$ ) A LONG-T]M PROJECT1 ! /RATEGY 7MOREOV] :I* IS QUICKLY REPLAC$ & CON/ANTLY ON ! V]GE ( BE+ SUP]S$$7 ( 9=MATION TE*NOLOGY4 ,!RE >E TWO PO9TS TO NOTE ON ?IS PROBLEM3 FIR/1 IT DOES NOT SEEM TO ME TO BE 9DISP5SABLE TO HAVE SOPHI/ICAT$ KN[L$GE ( IT 9 ORD] TO REALIZE ! DANG]S ( ?IS TE*NOLOGY AT ! LEVEL ( REVOLUTION>Y AW>5ESS4 ,SECOND1 ONE %\LD NOT =GET ! SPECIALI/IC EFFECT ?AT ?IS WORK ( P5ETRATION 9TO ! WORLD ( COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY HAS ON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,SOMEONE MI<T SAY ?AT TO LIMIT ?IS COGNITIVE 5TRANCE 9TO A WORLD ?AT IS ITSELF TRAVEL+ T[>DS GLOBAL EXT9CTION IS EQUIVAL5T TO BE+ ON A TRA9 & NOT BE+ 9T]E/$ 9 :]E IT IS GO+4 ,A GOOD OBJECTION1 )\T NECESS>ILY MAK+ ONE FEEL OBLIG$ TO BECOME TRA9 DRIV]S 9 ORD] TO UND]/& BETT] :E!R ! DE/9ATION IS ! RI<T ONE4 

,!RE >E MANY WAYS TO 5JOY ONESELF1 & VIRTUAL REALITY PROSPECTS NEW1 FASC9AT+ ONES4 ,H[EV]1 ONE CANNOT LI<TLY MA9TA9 ?AT ?IS IS EQUIVAL5T TO ACTION ?AT WE C\LD C>RY \T 7BUT (T5 DON'T WANT TO7 9 REALITY4 ,!RE IS A CONSID]ABLE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! PASSIVE FRUITION ( TELEMATIC MEANS SU* AS ,T,V1 & ! ACTIVE ONE1 />T+ FROM SIMPLE VIDEO GAMES4 ,BUT /RANGELY ?IS DIFF]5CE CORRESPONDS 9 A WAY ?AT IS SUSPECT TO :AT P[] EXPECTS ( US1 I4E4 A FALSELY ACTIVE RESPONSE TO ITS SOLICITATIONS1 A COMPETITION TO REALIZE ! PACE ( HOMOLOGIZ$ 9ITIATIVES ( GLOBAL CONS5SUS4 ,! FIGURE ( ! PRES5T DAY SPECTATOR DR9K+ HIS BE] 9 FRONT ( ! ,T,V WAT*+ HIS FAVORITE FOOTBALL TEAM1 C\LD 9 ! NOT TOO F> (F FUTURE BE REPLAC$ BY A SPECTATOR 7! SAME ONE7 PLAY+ HIS [N GAME ON ,T,V OR ANO!R TELEMATIC 9/RUM5T2 :ILE ELSE:]E ! 9CLUD$ >E DECID+ HIS FATE AS PASSIVE SUBJECT :O IS SUDD5LY DECEIV+ HIMSELF ?AT HE POSSESSES FANTA/IC /R5G? CAPABLE ( UPTURN+ ! WORLD4 

,BUT ! WORLD IS ELSE:]E1 & ?IS 0ELSE0 W\LD BE F> FROM \R REA*4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,DECEMB] #a1 #bb 3 ,CYB]PUNK & ,TE*NOLOGY -- ,ADD$4 
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