,*APT] #f 
,REALITY & ,REFLECTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FRANK ,F]N&EZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #f3 ,REALITY & ,REFLECTION 

  

,! N[ OBVI\S SOCIOECONOMIC FAILURE ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 APPRECIAT$ BE=E ! MID #a#i#gS4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 ,CUBA HAD SUFFICI5T MONET>Y RES]VES TO HIDE ?IS FAILURE3 9T]NATIONAL CR$ITS1 CA% ON H&1 =EIGN CURR5CY1 & EXPORTABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 7PRIM>ILY SUG> & TOBACCO74 ,!SE ECONOMIC RI*ES1 9H]IT$ FROM ! N[-DEFUNCT CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 MA9TA9$ ! ,CA/RO REGIME DUR+ ! FIR/ 0SOCIALI/0 DECADE1 ! />T ( :I* HAD BE5 (FICIALLY ANN\NC$ 9 #a#i#f#a4 

,! PROJECTS & POLICIES 9/ITUT$ 9 !SE FIR/ YE>S ( ECONOMIC ADV5TURISM1 0REVOLUTION>Y0 9EFFICI5CY1 & FAIL$ SOCIAL ATTEMPTS W]E ALL BAS$ 9 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM10 POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 & ECONOMIC C5TRALISM1 & /ATE CONTROL ( ALL ( ! ISL&'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES1 9CLUD+ ALL BUT ! SMALLE/ AGRICULTURAL1 9DU/RIAL1 S]VICE1 & DI/RIBUTION BUS9ESSES4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y C\RSE 9 !SE DAYS WAS BAS$ 9 -- OR AT LEA/ WAS SAID TO BE BAS$ 9 -- ! L59I/ CONCEPT ( 0DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM10 9 :I* ! 5TIRE SOCIOECONOMIC LIFE ( ,CUBA WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! ,P>TIDO ,COMUNI/A ,CUBANO2 &1 AS WAS ! CU/OM 9 ! ,EUROPEAN M>XI/ MODELS1 ! DIRECTION & SUP]VISION ( ALL ( ! P[]S EMANAT+ FROM ! /ATE W]E MADE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU & ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P,C,C1 & ,FIDEL ,CA/RO AS ,FIR/ ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,P>TY4 

,! FIR/ & MO/ ESS5TIAL PROJECT *OS5 BY ! NEW SOCIALI/ /ATE WAS ! RAPID SUB/ITUTION ( A GIGANTIC PROJECT ( 9DU/RIAL GR[? & AGRICULTURAL DIV]SIFICATION TO REPLACE ! CULTIVATION ( SUG>CANE AS ,CUBA'S ECONOMIC MA9/AY -- A MONOCULTURE :I* HAD SU/A9$ ! ,CUBAN ECONOMY S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i? C5TURY4 ,) DIPLOMATIC & COMM]CIAL RELATIONS ) ! ,U4,S4 BROK51 & ) ! ,U4,S4 ECONOMIC BLOCKADE 9 PLACE1 ?IS NEW ECONOMIC DIRECTION W\LD MAKE IT V]Y DIFFICULT TO RETURN TO ! OLD POLITICO-ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,PREV5T+ ?IS RETURN WAS PRECISELY ! AIM ( ! ,CA/RO REGIME4 

,:ILE ?IS *ANGE 9 ! ECONOMIC SY/EM WAS TAK+ PLACE1 ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T MOV$ TO E/ABLI% CLOS] TIES ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 A C\NTRY ) :I* ,CUBA HAD MA9TA9$ DIPLOMATIC & COMM]CIAL RELATIONS S9CE #a#i#c#c4 ,SO1 ,CUBA NOT ONLY MADE A #ah DEGREE TURN ECONOMICALLY1 IT MADE A SIMIL> TURN POLITICALLY1 ) ! ,U,S,S,R ASSUM+ ! DOM9AT+ ROLE =M]LY PLAY$ BY ! ,U,S,A = ALMO/ SEV5 DECADES4 

,CUBA'S WORK]S & CAMPES9OS DIDN'T B5EFIT MU* FROM ?IS TRANSITION FROM CAPITALISM TO L59ISM1 NOR FROM ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! ,U,S,S,R = ! ,U,S,A AS POLITICAL MA/]4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS TRANSITION BR\<T ) IT SOME ( ! WOR/ LABOR ABUSES S9CE ! D>KE/ DAYS ( ,SPANI% COLONIALISM4 

,! REGIME 9/ITUT$ 0VOLUNT>Y0 H\RS ( ADDITIONAL WORK1 ) ! /AT$ PURPOSE ( BUILD+ 0SOCIALISM10 A SY/EM :I* NO ONE APPE>$ TO UND]/&4 ,TO !SE EXTRA H\RS1 0,R$ ,SUNDAYS0 W]E ADD$ -- 0VOLUNT>Y0 DAYS ( 7( C\RSE7 UNPAID WORK BY /UD5TS4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ONE ( ! MO/ POPUL> SLOGANS1 REPEAT$ DAILY1 WAS ?AT ( 0MAK+ UNEMPLOYM5T DISAPPE>02 & ) ALL ( !SE 0VOLUNT>Y0 DAYS & H\RS ( UNPAID WORK1 ! REGIME C]TA9LY SUCCE$$ 9 A*IEV+ ?AT GOAL4 ,BUT1 CURI\SLY1 ?IS ISN'T ONE ( ! A*IEVEM5TS T\T$ AS A TRIUMPH ( ,CA/RO'S FIR/ FEW YE>S 9 P[]4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT !SE ECONOMIC PLANS W]E BE+ IMPLEM5T$1 %ORTAGES BEGAN TO APPE> 9 ! NECESSITIES ( DAILY LIFE1 & ! GOV]NM5T 9/ITUT$ RATION+4 ,EA* CITIZ5 HAD A MON?LY ALLOTM5T ( FOOD & CLO?+ -- AN ALLOTM5T ! GOV]NM5T C\LDN'T ALWAYS SUPPLY4 ,?IS RAPIDLY L$ TO PROTE/S1 BUT !SE PROTE/S W]E QUA%$ BY ! ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION & BY ! /ATE SECURITY APP>ATUS4 ,! PROTE/S1 H[EV]1 W]E CLE>LY AN AL>M BELL1 & ! GOV]NM5T FA/ REALIZ$ ?AT ITS NEW ECONOMIC MEASURES1 PLANN$ & 9/ITUT$ SO QUICKLY1 HAD BECOME A SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DISA/]4 ,SO1 IT *ANG$ C\RSE AGA9 9 AN EV5 MORE M>XI/ DIRECTION4 

,! GOV]NM5T !N IMPLEM5T$ ,]NE/O ,GUEV>A'S OLD PROPOSALS TO COMPLETE ! 0COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION0 & TO CREATE A SY/EM :I* AT ALL CO/S W\LD AVOID MAT]IAL 9C5TIVES1 A SY/EM ?AT W\LD OBLIGATE ! ,CUBANS TO BECOME 0NEW HUMAN BE+S0 -- HONE/1 EGALIT>IAN1 NONEGOTI/ICAL1 & ABOVE ALL 9 POSSESSION ( A 0SUP]IOR REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS0 & ?US WILL+ TO SACRIFICE EV]Y?+ = ! CON/RUCTION ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,SO1 9 #a#i#f#h1 ! GOV]NM5T1 AS P>T ( A 0REVOLUTION>Y (F5SIVE10 SEIZ$ ALL ! REMA9+ SMALL BUS9ESSES 9 ,CUBA = ! PURPOSE ( LIQUIDAT+ =EV] ! HAT$ 0PETIT B\RGEOISIE0 :O /ILL /UBBORNLY P]SI/$ 9 CREAT+ P]SONAL WEAL?4 ,DESPITE !SE MEASURES :I* NOT ONLY DIDN'T IMPROVE ?+S1 BUT MADE !M WORSE1 ! ,CA/RO REGIME & ITS POLICIES C\LD /ILL C\NT ON ! BACK+ ( MANY ( ?OSE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! SOCIAL PYRAMID4 

,?+S BEGAN TO *ANGE DRAMATICALLY AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! T\T$ 0#a MILLION TON SUG> CROP0 CAMPAIGN 9 #a#i#g4 ,?IS AGRO-9DU/RIAL OP]ATION 9VOLV$ ! UNPREC$5T$ MILIT>IZATION ( ! LABOR =CE = ! S[+1 CUTT+1 & MILL+ ( SUG>1 & ALSO ! SLA%+ & BURN+ ( WOODS & O!R UNSPOIL$ NATURAL >EAS 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE ! >EA = ! PLANT+ ( SUG>CANE4 ,?IS PROCESS1 :I* 9VOLV$ CUTT+ D[N L>GE NUMB] ( TREES & ! DIV]SION ( F>M FIELDS & PA/URE L& TO SUG> PRODUCTION1 CAUS$ LONG-LA/+ & P]HAPS IRREP>ABLE DAMAGE TO ,CUBA'S NATURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,?IS PROCESS WAS SO GIGANTIC ?AT IT EV5 AFFECT$ RA9FALL & DRA9AGE PATT]NS4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ NOTABLE EFFECT ( ?IS WAS ! SILTATION & SAL9IZATION ( ,CUBA'S RIV]S & RES]VOIRS4 7,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS LACK ( CONC]N = ,CUBA'S NATURAL 5VIRONM5T P]SI/S TO ?IS DAY47 ,BUT DESPITE !SE DRACONIAN & 5VIRONM5TALLY DISA/R\S MEASURES1 ! GOAL ( A #a MILLION TON SUG> H>VE/ WASN'T EV5 APPROA*$4 

,AFT] ?IS DRAMATIC FAILURE1 ! ,U,S,S,R BEGAN TO REALIZE ?AT ! ATTEMPT$ RAPID 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! ISL& & ! REORGANIZATION ( AGRICULTURE HAD BE5 MONUM5TAL ]RORS4 ,AS ,CUBA'S PRIM>Y \TLET = ITS PRODUCTS1 ! ,U,S,S,R 0SUGGE/$0 ?AT ! ,CA/RO REGIME RETURN TO ! OLD ME?ODS ( PLANT+1 H>VE/+1 & MILL+ SUG>4 ,BUT ! DAMAGE WAS DONE4 ,FUTURE SUG> H>VE/ YIELDS W]E ALL BEL[ :AT HAD BE5 PROJECT$1 & ! ISL& ATROPHI$ ECONOMICALLY = ALMO/ A DECADE -- AS WAS PR$ICTABLE1 GIV5 ?AT ,CUBA'S WORK]S HAD WA/$ ALMO/ A FULL YE> ON ,CA/RO'S IMPOSSIBLE 0#a MILLION TON0 PROJECT4 ,EV]YONE C\LD SEE ?AT ?IS S*EME WAS BO? AN ECONOMIC & AN ECOLOGICAL DISA/]1 & ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE BEGAN TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 

,( C\RSE ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY 9 ,MOSC[ UND]/OOD ?AT ! ,CUBAN AGRICULTURAL PROJECT WASN'T PRODUC+ ADEQUATE DIVID5DS1 & AS IS NATURAL 9 !SE SORTS ( AFFAIRS1 IT DECID$ TO UP ! ANTE4 ,IT DRA/ICALLY 9CREAS$ AID TO ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,?IS AID DIDN'T CONSI/ ( ,I,C,B,MS OR NUCLE> WEAPONS2 IT CONSI/$ ( MASSIVE AM\NTS ( DEVELOPM5T AID & COMM]CIAL SUBSIDIES4 ,! ANNUAL SUBSIDY 9 ! YE>S #a#i#f#a-#a#i#g AV]AG$ @s#c#b#g MILLION 7OV] @s#a4#e BILLION YE>LY 9 #ba DOLL>S71 & 9 ! DECADE #a#i#g#a-#a#i#h AV]AG$ @s#a4#e#g#c BILLION P] YE> 7OV] @s#e BILLION TODAY74 

,BUT DESPITE ?IS MASSIVE AID FROM ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 POPUL> DISCONT5T GREW 9 ,CUBA 9 A MANN] UNEXPECT$ BY ! GU>DIANS ( ! SY/EM4 ,PUBLIC DISILLUSIONM5T ) ! FALSE PROMISES ( ! REVOLUTION'S LEAD]S GREW RAPIDLY DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 RESULT+ 9 9CREAS$ REPRESSION1 JAIL+S1 & EXILES4 

,TO GET A BETT] IDEA ( ! EXT5T ( ! REPRESSION 9 !SE YE>S1 ONE %\LD NOTE ?AT NEW P5AL FACILITIES W]E BUILT 9 EV]Y S+LE PROV9CE ?R\<\T ! L5G? ( ! ISL&4 ,!SE CONSI/$ ( PRISONS1 JAILS1 =C$ LABOR 7ONE C\LD FAIRLY CALL !M 0CONC5TRATION07 CAMPS1 & PRISON F>MS4 ,PRISON]S W]E US$ TO CON/RUCT ALL ( !SE4 ,9 #aihd !RE W]E #add JAILS & PRISONS ?R\<\T ! ISL& HOLD+ T5S ( ?\S&S ( 9MATES1 BO? COMMON & POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,! LA/ DATA AVAILABLE 9DICATE ?AT !RE W]E #afh ,CUBAN PRISONS 9 #aihh HOLD+ COMMON PRISON]S 79CLUD+ ?OSE CAU<T ATTEMPT+ CURR5CY TRANSACTIONS 9VOLV+ ,U4,S4 DOLL>S71 POLITICAL PRISON]S1 & ?OSE :O HAD ATTEMPT$ TO ESCAPE ! ISL&4 ,9 ?OSE YE>S1 ! NUMB] ( PRISONS & ! NUMB] ( PRISON]S 9 ,CUBA 9CREAS$ 9 AN ALMO/ ,MAL?USIAN MANN]4 

,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE W]5'T ! ONLY ONES SUFF]+ FROM ,CA/RO'S POLICIES AT ?IS TIME2 ! PEOPLE ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,AFRICA W]E1 TOO4 ,9 ACCORD ) ! POLICY ( 0NATIONAL LIB]ATION10 ! ,CA/RO REGIME SUPPORT$ GU]RILLA MOVEM5TS -- BO? URBAN & RURAL -- 9 ALMO/ ALL ( ! C\NTRIES S\? ( ! ,RIO ,GR&E4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS RAN HEAD ON 9TO AN IRON DET]M9ATION BY ! ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T TO KEEP CONTROL ( ! C\NTRIES 9 ITS SPH]E ( 9FLU5CE4 ,?IS RESULT$ 9 %ORT ORD] 9 ! ,CA/RO-BACK$ 9SURG5TS PROVOK+ ! CREATION ( MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS 7BACK$1 ( C\RSE1 BY ! ,C,I,A71 A GANG ( UNI=M$ GORILLAS :O D$ICAT$ !MSELVES TO KIDNAP+S1 0DISAPPE>ANCES10 RAPE1 ROBB]Y1 TORTURE1 & MURD] -- DIRECT$ AS MU* AGA9/ 9NOC5T CIVILIANS AS AGA9/ !IR GU]RILLA 5EMIES4 ,LIT]ALLY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE DI$ AS A RESULT 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,GUATEMALA1 ,EL ,SALVADOR1 ,>G5T9A1 & ,COLOMBIA4 

,9 ,AFRICA1 ! ,CUBAN REGIME 9T]V5$ MILIT>ILY 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 MO/ NOTABLY ,E?IOPIA 7ON ! SIDE ( ! MURD]\SLY REPRESSIVE1 M>XI/-L59I/ ,D]GUE GOV]NM5T1 9 ITS ATTEMPTS TO SUPPRESS ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5TS 9 ,TIGRE & ,]ITREA7 & ,ANGOLA4 ,OV] A P]IOD ( MORE ?AN A DECADE1 ,CUBA S5T HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( SOLDI]S TO FI<T 9 ,AFRICAN CAMPAIGNS1 9 ! ABOVEM5TION$ C\NTRIES & ALSO 9 O!RS1 SU* AS ,ALG]IA1 ! ,CONGO1 & ,SUDAN2 ! ,CUBAN TROOPS F\ND !MSELVES 9VOLV$ 9 UPRIS+S1 C\PS D'ETAT1 CIVIL W>S1 TRIBAL CONFLICTS1 & UNDECL>$ W>S4 ,! SAME ,CUBAN TROOPS :O F\<T AGA9/ ,S\? ,AFRICA = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,NAMIBIA EXT]M9AT$ 5TIRE VILLAGES 9 ,ANGOLA & ,E?IOPIA4 ,ALL ( ?IS CO/ ,CUBA MANY MILLIONS ( DOLL>S AS WELL AS T5S ( ?\S&S ( MILIT>Y CASUALTIES4 

,?IS LONG HI/ORY ( DISA/]S & 9JU/ICE1 BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ( ,CUBA1 L$ EV5 ?OSE ,CUBANS :O /ILL SUPPORT ! GOV]NM5T FIR/ TO D\BTS1 !N TO APA?Y1 & F9ALLY TO A FRU/RATION :I* !Y !MSELVES DON'T UND]/&4 ,ALL ( ?IS HAS L$ TO A MASS DESIRE TO ESCAPE ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT ?AT'S A BIT DIFFICULT1 GIV5 ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #aigf D5IES ,CUBA'S CITIZ5S ! RI<T TO FREELY TRAVEL ABROAD -- OR1 MORE ACCURATELY1 TO FLEE ! REGIME ?AT OPPRESSES !M4 ,?IS CON/ITUTIONAL PROHIBITION WAS1 H[EV]1 A =MALITY1 AS MEASURES D5Y+ ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE ?AT FRE$OM HAD ALREADY BE5 9 =CE = YE>S4 

,AFT] ! #aih ,M>IEL 0BOATLIFT10 ,CA/RO'S ,CUBA APPE>$ TO HAVE /ABILIZ$ ITSELF AT LEA/ ECONOMICALLY1 EV5 ?\< SOCIAL T5SION CONT9U$4 ,SOVIET ECONOMIC AID CONTRIBUT$ NOTABLY TO ?IS ECONOMIC /ABILIZATION2 IT 9CREAS$ FUR!R 9 ! #a#i#h#a-#a#i#h#e P]IOD TO A TOTAL ( @s#b#b4#f#e#h BILLION1 AN AV]AGE ( @s#d4#e BILLION A YE> 7R\<LY @s#h BILLION TODAY74 ,?IS WAS BY F> ! MO/ AID ,CUBA HAD EV] RECEIV$ ?R\<\T ITS HI/ORY1 & !SE HUGE FIGURES GRAPHICALLY DEMON/RATE ! HEAVY 9VOLVEM5T ( ,MOSC[ 9 ! REMOTE ,C>IBBEAN ISL&4 

,DESPITE ?IS MASSIVE AID1 ! RESULTS ( ! FIR/ #be YE>S ( ,CA/ROISM C\LDN'T HAVE BE5 MORE NEGATIVE4 ,CUBA'S ECONOMY WAS DIRECTLY & MASSIVELY DEP5D5T ON ! ,U,S,S,R1 & ITS GOV]NM5T WAS A DICTATOR%IP ?AT P]MITT$ NO CRITICISM -- DESPITE ! EMPTY WORDS ( ! #aigf ,CON/ITUTION4 ,! WORK+ PEOPLE REALIZ$ ?AT ! /ATE HAD BROK5 ! SOCIAL CONTRACT1 & D$ICAT$ !MSELVES TO PASSIVELY SABOTAG+ ?AT /ATE4 ,?OSE :O C\LDN'T ESCAPE ATTEMPT$ TO SURVIVE BY WORK+ AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,FROM ! CON/RUCTION SECTOR TO ! MASSIVE /ATE BUREAUCRACY1 & EV5 9 AGRICULTURE1 PRODUCTION FELL AL>M+LY4 

,?IS WAS WELL KN[N :5 ! /ATE-CONTROLL$ LABOR UNION C5TRAL1 ! ,CONF$]ACION DE ,TRABAJADORES ,CUBANOS ,REVOLUCION>IA1 MET 9 ITS #c#i? CONF]5CE 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#g#i4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,CA/ROITE WORK]S' ORGANIZATION NOT$ 0A S]IES ( GRAVE ALT]ATIONS 9 ,CUBAN LABOR LIFE40 ,! HI]>*S ( ! ,C,T,C,R ACCUS$ ,CUBA'S WORK]S ( 0LACK ( DISCIPL9E1 !FTS1 & NEGLIG5CE40 ,!Y 5D$ !IR ANALYSIS ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR SITUATION ) SOME TRULY A/ONI%+ /ATI/ICS4 ,!Y /AT$ ?AT1 0.<,(.> #a1#f1 P]SONS 9 ! ACTIVE POPULATION 7LABOR =CE71 ONLY HALF A MILLION PRODUCE ANY?+40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IF WE CAN TRU/ !SE /ATI/ICS1 ?AT LESS ?AN A ?IRD ( ,CUBA'S LABOR =CE WAS P>TICIPAT+ USEFULLY 9 ! ECONOMY4 

,?IS DATA1 OBTA9$ FROM A 0,REPORT ( ! ,CONF]5CE10 C\LDN'T BE MORE REVEAL+4 ,IT 9DICATES ?AT A MAJORITY ( ,CUBA'S WORK]S1 BECAUSE ( LACK ( MOTIVATION OR SOME O!R REASON1 W]E REFUS+ TO WORK = 0! CON/RUCTION ( SOCIALISM0 -- A SLOGAN ?AT EMANAT$ CON/ANTLY FROM ! HI<E/ PLACES 9 ! DICTATOR%IP1 & WAS REPEAT$ AD NAUSEAM 9 EV]Y COMMUNICATIONS M$IUM IMAG9ABLE4 ,! ,CUBANS HAD LO/ FAI? 9 !IR GOV]NM5T & W\LD SOON LOSE IT 9 !IR C\NTRY4 

,9 #a#i#h#b1 ! ,CUBAN /ATE PUT 9 PLACE A LAW ?AT P]MITT$ =EIGN COMPANIES1 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 OV] TWO DECADES1 TO 9VE/ 9 ,CUBA4 ,?IS 9 L>GE P>T CORRESPOND$ TO ! ,SOVIET ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY ( ! #a#i#bS :I*1 LIKE ! ,CUBAN MEASURE1 WAS 9/ITUT$ = ! PURPOSE ( AVOID+ 0/ATE DECOMPOSITION40 ,?IS POLICY ( CAPITALI/ 9VE/M5T W\LD1 IRONICALLY1 HAVE A BRI<T FUTURE 9 0SOCIALI/0 ,CUBA4 

,! SMALL] SCALE AGRICULTURAL RE=M ( ALL[+ 0F>M]S' FREE M>KETS0 HAD A MU* D>K] FUTURE4 ,UND] ?IS RE=M1 ! /ATE ALL[$ CAMPES9OS TO SELL SOME ( !IR F>M PRODUCTS DIRECTLY TO CONSUM]S \TSIDE ( ! /ATE RATION+ SY/EM4 ,IT WAS MOTIVAT$ TO P]MIT ?IS L>GELY BECAUSE ( ITS [N 9ABILITY TO RELIABLY SUPPLY RATION$ PRODUCTS4 ,?IS SMALL-SCALE EXP]IM5T WAS RAPIDLY %UT D[N BY ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* REASON$ 9 ! ADMIRABLE /YLE ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM -- AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT WAS 5C\RAG+ 9VE/M5TS BY MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS -- ?AT F>M]S' M>KETS W\LD CREATE A DANG]\S PETIT B\RGEOISIE1 9 CONTRADICTION TO ! PR9CIPLES ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM4 

,! SOCIOPOLITICAL CRISIS ( ! ,U,S,S,R AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i#hS1 & ! SAD 5D+ 9 #aiia ( ! SY/EM IMPOS$ ON ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE BY ,L591 HAD DEPLORABLE CONSEQU5CES = ! ,CUBAN ECONOMY4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ FIVE YE>S ( ,SOVIET ASSI/ANCE1 #a#i#h#f-#a#i#i1 ECONOMIC AID AV]AG$ OV] @s#e BILLION P] YE>1 A FIGURE :I* WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 BY A DIS9TEGRAT+ POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,! ,CA/RO REGIME DECID$ TO SURVIVE ! SOCIALI/ CAMP DISA/] BY *ANG+ ITS POLITICAL ECONOMY & 5T]+ 9TO A 0,SPECIAL ,P]IOD10 :I* W\LD LEAD TO A SOCIAL SITUATION WORSE ?AN ANY?+ ?AT HAD GONE BE=E1 & TO A QUALITY ( LIFE WORSE ?AN ?AT 9 ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES4 7,! 0,SPECIAL ,P]IOD0 IS /ILL 9 EFFECT47 

,TO AVOID ANY?+ SIMIL> TO ! 0,BU*>E/ ,SYNDROME0 7! %OOT+ ( ! DICTATOR BY HIS [N =CES71 ! REGIME 9/ITUT$ EV5 MORE REPRESSIVE MEASURES1 9CREAS$ ! SEV]ITY ( ! POLITICAL LAWS1 & T>GET$ ITS [N MILIT>Y4 ,G5]AL ,>NALDO ,O*OA1 A NATIONAL H]O ( ! ,AFRICAN CAMPAIGNS DECORAT$ AS A 0,H]O ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,CUBA10 WAS1 BECAUSE ( SUSPICION ( DISLOYALTY1 CONDEMN$ TO DEA?2 HE WAS %OT BY A FIR+ SQUAD ON ,JULY #a#c1 #a#i#h#i4 ,COLONEL ,ANTONIO DE LA ,GU>DIA WAS %OT ON ! SAME DAY1 AS W]E TWO O!R MILIT>Y (FIC]S1 ,AMADO ,PADRON & ,JORGE ,M>T9EZ4 ,PATRICIO DE LA ,GU>DIA1 ,ANTONIO'S BRO!R1 & A G5]AL ) ! ELITE ,SPECIAL ,TROOPS 7,TROPAS ,ESPECIALES71 WAS CONDEMN$ TO #c YE>S 9 PRISON4 ,?IS PURGE ( HI<-RANK+ MILIT>Y M5 5D$ 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aihi ) ! >RE/ & S5T5C+ ( ,JOSE ,ABRANTES1 A ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR 7SECRET POLICE7 G5]AL4 ,ABRANTES DI$ SOON !REAFT] UND] MY/]I\S CIRCUM/ANCES :ILE 9 PRISON4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT WAS PURG+ ITS MILIT>Y & SECRET POLICE1 ! ,CA/RO REGIME 9ITIAT$ AN OP5+ 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! SO-CALL$ ,CUBAN COMMUNITY 9 EXILE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?IS OP5+ 9CLUD+ P]MISSION = EXILES TO VISIT ,CUBA & TO S5D MONEY DIRECTLY TO !IR FAMILY MEMB]S 9 ,CUBA4 7,( C\RSE1 MONEY SP5T ON TRAVEL & MONEY S5T TO ,CUBAN CITIZ5S W\LD PROP UP ! ,CUBAN ECONOMY1 & ?US HELP PROP UP ! ,CA/RO REGIME47 ,! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T ALSO OP5$ A /RONG DIPLOMATIC CAMPAIGN TO 9CREASE ECONOMIC TIES ) ALL ( ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE & ,ASIA1 AS WELL AS1 SURPRIS+LY 5\<1 ! ,U4,S41 ! ,VATICAN1 & ,ISRAEL4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 & M>K+ ! DEF9ITIVE ECONOMIC FAILURE ( ,CA/RO'S 0SOCIALISM10 ! F>M]S' M>KETS W]E P]MITT$ TO REOP52 SOME E/ABLI%M5T ( PRIVATELY [N$ SMALL BUS9ESSES WAS TOL]AT$2 &1 MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! 0DOLL>IZATION0 ( ! ,CUBAN ECONOMY TOOK PLACE4 ,?IS LA/ MEANT ?AT ! ,U4,S4 DOLL> C\LD CIRCULATE JU/ AS FREELY 9 ,CUBA AS IT DID 9 ! ,U4,S4 -- :ILE UP TILL ?IS PO9T TRAFFICK+ 9 DOLL>S MEANT GO+ TO JAIL 9 ,CUBA4 ,! PURPOSE ( ?IS MEASURE WAS TO EXP$ITE ! S5D+ ( MONEY BY EXILES TO ,CUBA4 ,?IS AM\NT QUICKLY REA*$ @s#h MILLION P] YE>1 AN AM\NT HI<] ?AN ?AT PRODUC$ BY ! MO/ REC5T SUG> CROPS 7SUG> BE+ A BADLY DECAY$ 9DU/RY 9 ,CUBA74 

,MEAN:ILE ! SLOGANS AB\T ! 0GA9S0 REALIZ$ 9 HEAL? & $UCATION W]E REPEAT$1 = EXT]NAL CONSUMPTION1 :ILE CLASS DIFF]5CES %>P5$ BETWE5 ?OSE EMPLOY$ 9 ,CA/RO'S APP>ATUS1 ?OSE RECEIV+ MONEY FROM RELATIVES ABROAD1 & ?OSE RELY+ ON SAL>IES PAID 9 DEVALU$ PESOS4 ,ONCE AGA9 HOPELESSNESS SPREAD LIKE A CANC] AMONG ! LEA/ FAVOR$ &1 AS 9 NOT SO REMOTE TIMES1 ! MO/ D>+ ,CUBANS DECID$ TO ILLEGALLY AB&ON ! ISL& ON FLIMSY RAFTS VIA ! ,/RAITS ( ,FLORIDA -- A V]Y DANG]\S J\RNEY ?AT HAS CLAIM$ ?\S&S ( VICTIMS OV] ! YE>S4 ,9 A V]Y REAL S5SE ?IS IS A =M ( SUICIDE 9DUC$ BY DESP]ATION1 & A =M 9 :I* ,CUBA LEADS ! WORLD4 ,! ,ELIAN ,GONZALEZ AFFAIR IS A GOOD ILLU/RATION ( ?IS TRAG$Y4 

,P]HAPS ! WOR/ 9CID5T 9 ?IS ONGO+ SAD SITUATION WAS ?AT 9VOLV+ ! TUGBOAT 0#a#c DE M>ZO0 70,M>* #a#c?074 ,ON ,JULY #a#c1 #a#i#i#d1 MORE ?AN #g P]SONS CR[D$ ?IS TUG AS IT SET SAIL FROM ,HAVANA T[>D ,FLORIDA4 ,IT WAS 9T]CEPT$ \TSIDE ,HAVANA ,BAY BY ! ,CUBAN COA/ GU>D1 :I* ORD]$ IT TO RETURN TO ,HAVANA4 ,! TUG REFUS$ & CONT9U$ HEAD+ T[>D ,FLORIDA4 ,AT ?AT PO9T ! ,CUBAN COA/ GU>D VESSEL ATTACK$ ! 0#a#c DE M>ZO0 ) HI< PRESSURE WAT] HOSES1 S9K+ IT4 ,=TY-ONE P]SONS DI$ :5 IT W5T D[N1 9CLUD+ MANY WOM5 & *ILDR54 ,! SURVIVORS W]E TAK5 PRISON]4 ,?IS SORDID ATTACK ON UN>M$ CIVILIANS WAS SUPPOS$LY ORD]$ DIRECTLY BY ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4 

,:ILE ALL ?IS HAS BE5 GO+ ON1 ,CA/RO HAS DEF9ITIVELY 5D$ HIS 0SOCIALI/0 EXP]IM5T1 ) ! SOLE PURPOSE ( MA9TA9+ HIS HOLD ON P[]4 ,HE HAS 9/ITUT$ A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM1 SIMIL> TO ?AT ( NEO-FASCI/ 0,R$0 ,*9A1 9 :I* =EIGN 9VE/ORS 9 DIRECT P>TN]%IP ) ! ,CUBAN /ATE DOM9ATE ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS & S]VICES4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE1 ! WORK]S 9 ! ,CUBAN T\RISM 9DU/RY1 AN 9DU/RY 5TIRELY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,CUBAN /ATE & ,SPANI% 9VE/ORS1 RECEIVE !IR SAL>IES 9 ,CUBAN PESOS 7! EX*ANGE RATE BE+ AB\T #b PESOS TO ONE DOLL>71 :I* EFFECTIVELY EXCLUDES !M FROM ! WORLD ( 0DOLL>IZATION40 ,AS WELL1 ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE 9 G5]AL >E B>R$ FROM 5T]+ ! HOTELS & BEA*ES RES]V$ = =EIGN T\RI/S1 ?US CREAT+ A TYPE ( AP>!ID -- IMPOS$ BY !IR 0SOCIALI/0 GOV]NM5T4 

,?IS IS A PA!TIC CONCLUSION TO A REVOLUTION ?AT BEGAN AMID JUBILATION & GREAT HOPES4 ,AFT] #d YE>S ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION HAS 5D$ 9 ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION1 DESP]ATION1 %>P CLASS DIVISIONS1 MASSIVE EMIGRATION1 & A CRIM9AL TYRANNY ?AT SUPPRESSES ALL DISS5T4 ,H[ DID ?IS COME TO PASS8 ,H[ DID ?IS PROJECT ?AT PROMIS$ CIVIL LIB]TIES1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL RE=MS1 JU/ & HONE/ GOV]NM5T1 & AN EQUITABLE R$I/RIBUTION ( ! C\NTRY'S RI*ES COME TO SU* A BAD 5D8 ,H[ DID A REVOLUTION -- & A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T -- ) GREAT POPUL> BACK+ 5D UP LIKE ?IS8 

,!RE >E MANY REASONS = ?IS FAILURE1 BUT 9 \R VIEW !RE >E TWO PRIM>Y ONES3 ! SOCIOECONOMIC C\RSE & ! SPE$ ) :I* IT WAS ADOPT$ BY ,CUBA'S RUL+ ELITE2 & ! CONT9UAL1 MASSIVE REPRESSION ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES4 

,9 REG>D TO ! FIR/ ( !SE1 ! TRANSITION FROM ! CAPITALISM ?AT EXI/$ 9 ,CUBA PRIOR TO ! REVOLUTION TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN PSEUDO-SOCIALISM SUB/ITUT$ = IT NEV] YIELD$ ! EXPECT$ RESULTS4 ,?IS WAS L>GELY DUE TO ! IDIOTIC & EGO-DRIV5 SPE$ ) :I* *ANGES W]E IMPLEM5T$4 ,! BE>D$ ONES W]E 9 TOO MU* ( A HURRY TO IMPOSE !IR SY/EM1 & NEV] S]I\SLY PLANN$ ! TRANSITION FROM ONE SY/EM TO ! O!R4 ,BUT IT WAS ALSO DUE TO ! V]Y NATURE ( ! 0SOCIALISM0 !Y ATTEMPT$ TO IMPOSE4 ,9/EAD ( H&+ OV] ! FIELDS1 FACTORIES1 & WORK%OPS DIRECTLY TO ! WORK]S AFT] EXPROPRIAT+ !M FROM !IR [N]S -- A MEASURE ) :I* ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S W\LD1 ( C\RSE1 HAVE BE5 9 ACCORD -- ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T PLAC$ ALL ( ! GREAT BUS9ESSES1 9DU/RIES1 BANKS1 TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS1 ETC4 UND] ! CONTROL ( ! /ATE4 ,& !Y PUT ELEM5TS LOYAL TO ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT )\T ! FOGGIE/ IDEA ( H[ TO MAKE !SE 5T]PRISES FUNCTION1 AT ! HEAD ( !M ALL4 ,IT'S NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ?OSE )\T EXP]TIZE 9 ! FIELDS !Y CONTROLL$ MADE A HA% ( ?+S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?AT !Y W]E ATTEMPT+ TO IMPLEM5T RAPID /RUCTURAL *ANGE4 

,! SECOND REASON1 P]HAPS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! FIR/1 WAS ! CREATION ( A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP WORSE ?AN ?AT :I* PREC$$ IT1 A MASSIVE REPRESSIVE SY/EM REA*+ 9TO EV]Y NEI<BORHOOD 7VIA ! ,C,D,RS71 CAPABLE ( VIOL5CE & MURD] TO MA9TA9 ITSELF 9 P[]1 & ?AT MI/REAT$1 H>RI$1 & TORTUR$ POLITICAL PRISON]S MORE SAVAGELY ?AN ITS PR$ECESSORS4 ,CA/RO'S & ! ,P,C,C'S DE/RUCTION ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES WAS A CRIME AGA9/ ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE1 A PEOPLE :OSE *RONICLE IS ?AT ( LOVE ( LIB]TY & FI<T+ = FRE$OM4 

,?IS DE/RUCTION ( P]SONAL FRE$OM WAS ! PR9CIPAL REASON = ! ,COMMUNI/ DISA/] ON ! ISL&4 ,A %OCK$1 5SLAV$ PEOPLE ON !IR KNEES CANNOT EFFECTIVELY COLLABORATE 9 SOCIAL & POLITICAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,?IS IS PRECISELY :Y ! MANY M>XI/ ATTEMPTS TO CREATE FREE1 PEACEFUL1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIETIES ?R\< ! SY/EMATIC USE ( CO]CION1 VIOL5CE1 & T]ROR BY SMALL ELITES HAVE FAIL$ SO ABYSMALLY ! WORLD OV]4 

,= !IR P>T1 ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S HAVE F\<T AGA9/ TYRANNY ?R\<\T ,CUBAN HI/ORY1 FROM ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REPRESSIVE CAPITALISM ( ! SUG> B>ONS TO ! PSEUDO-SOCIALISM ( ,CA/RO4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E ! FIR/ TO UND]/& & D5\NCE ! ,CA/RO REGIME4 ,! AN>*I/S' /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & !IR UND]/&+ ( :AT ,CA/ROISM MEANT = ,CUBA CAN BE SE5 AS E>LY AS #aif 9 ,AGU/9 ,S\*Y'S ,TE/IMONIOS SOBRE LA ,REVOLUCION ,CUBANA & ! PUBLIC D5UNCIATION ( ,CA/RO 9 ! SAME YE> BY ! ,ASOCIACION ,LIB]T>IA DE ,CUBA4 ,! CORRECTNESS ( !SE E>LY APPRAISALS CAN BE FULLY APPRECIAT$ N[ ?AT 5D ( ,CA/ROISM F9ALLY APPE>S TO BE DRAW+ NE>4 

,) ,CA/RO'S DEA?1 !RE WILL BE A NEW DAWN+ ( LIB]TY 9 ,CUBA4 ,?AT DAWN WILL ALL[ ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S TO ONCE AGA9 PROPAGATE AN>*I/ IDEAS & TO ORGANIZE ON ! ISL&4 ,! SOLID>ITY ( OV]SEAS AN>*I/ GR\PS WILL BE AN IMPORTANT HELP 9 ?OSE EF=TS1 BUT IT WON'T BE 9DISP5SABLE4 ,IT WILL BE ,CUBA'S WORK]S !MSELVES :O WILL ORGANIZE TO A*IEVE FRE$OM 9 ITS CONCRETE S5SE ( CONTROL OV] !IR [N LIVES1 CONTROL OV] ! WEAL? !Y CREATE1 & CONTROL ( ! WORK ?AT PRODUCES ?AT WEAL?4 ,AS ! OLD ,ASOCIACION ,9T]NACIONAL DE LOS ,TRABAJADORES SAY+ GOES1 0,! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ! TASK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES40 

,BUT ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S HAVE PO9T$ ! WAY TO ?AT EMANCIPATION4 ,S9CE ! #a#i? C5TURY1 !Y HAVE F\<T A DUAL FI<T3 AGA9/ TYRANNY & = WORK]S' CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY4 ,9 REG>D TO ,CA/RO1 ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S HAVE CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ HIS C\NT]REVOLUTION 7SUPPRESSION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ! 9/ITUTION ( /ATE CONTROL RA!R ?AN WORK]S' CONTROL7 S9CE ITS E>LY D>K DAYS4 ,REM>KABLY E>LY ON ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S EXPRESS$ !IR OPPOSITION TO C5TRALIZATION1 VIOL5CE1 CO]CION1 & ! REM>KABLE MILIT>IZATION ( ,CUBA 7A MATT] ON :I* MANY ,U4,S4 & ,EUROPEAN ANTI-MILIT>I/S HAVE BE5 NOTABLY SIL5T71 & !IR SUPPORT ( WORK]-CONTROLL$ UNIONS1 FREE MUNICIPALITIES1 AGRICULTURAL COOP]ATIVES1 & COLLECTIVE WORKPLACES4 ,TO PUT ?IS ANO!R WAY1 ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S HAVE CONSI/5TLY SUPPORT$ A REAL REVOLUTION RA!R ?AN ! PHONY ONE :I* HAS MESM]IZ$ SO MANY LEFTI/S 79CLUD+ MANY AN>*I/S74 

,AN>*ISM & ITS IDEAS >E NOT DEAD 9 ,CUBA1 AS MANY :O WI% TO ]ASE !SE CONCEPTS ( SOCIAL R$EMPTION FROM ! ,CUBAN AG5DA WI% US TO BELIEVE4 ,M>XISM1 AS A UTOPIA1 AS A VISION ( A BETT] WORLD1 & AS A PRACTICAL MEANS TO GET TO ?AT WORLD1 DI$ :5 ITS IDEAS W]E PUT 9TO PRACTICE BY ,L591 ,TROTSKY1 ,/AL91 ,MAO1 ,KIM ,IL ,SUNG1 ,POL ,POT1 & ,CA/RO4 ,! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM >E1 9 CONTRA/1 QUITE ALIVE -- & !Y %[$ !IR VITALITY 9 ! ONE MAJOR TE/ TO :I* !Y W]E EV] PUT3 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i4 ,IT IS CLE>LY PREMATURE TO BURY LIB]T>IAN IDEAS4 

,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO ONCE SAID1 0,! FIR/ ?+ NECESS>Y TO BE+ AN AN>*I/ IS A S5SE ( JU/ICE40 ,WE W\LD ADD ?AT IT'S ALSO NECESS>Y TO BE AN OPTIMI/4 ,! NEW G5]ATION ( ,CUBANS1 :O HAVE SUFF]$ ! T]RORS ( ,CA/ROISM = DECADES1 WILL F9D LIB]T>IAN IDEAS TO BE ! BE/1 & PROBABLY ! ONLY1 MEANS ( A*IEV+ A WORLD FREE ( 9TOL]ANCE1 DOM9ATION1 HATE1 GRE$1 & V5GEANCE4 

,OPTIMISM IS A KEY FACTOR 9 UND]/&+ ! TASK ( RECON/RUCT+ AN>*ISM 9 ,CUBA1 9 P>T BECAUSE IT'S A KEY TO ,CUBAN PSY*OLOGY4 ,BUT !RE >E O!R PSY*OLOGICAL FACTORS ?AT MU/ ALSO BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,ONE IS ! RAMPANT IDEOLOGICAL CONFUSION & DISILLUSIONM5T ON ! ISL&4 

,M>XI/S HAVE ALWAYS 9SI/$ ?AT ! CORRECT PA? TO SOCIALISM IS ! CREATION ( AN ELITE1 A 0REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D10 ?AT AFT] TAK+ P[] WILL LEAD ! PEOPLE TO A SOCIALI/ UTOPIA BY 9/ITUT+ 0SCI5TIFIC0 POLITICAL & SOCIAL PR9CIPLES4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS APPROA* HAS L$ TO FAILURE 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y L& :]E ! PR9CIPLES ( ,M>X & ,L59 HAVE BE5 PUT 9TO PRACTICE4 ,9 ,CUBA1 ?IS ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE A 0NEW MAN0 HAS L$ TO DISA/]2 ! OLD REVOLUTION>IES W]E UNABLE TO =CE-PRODUCE A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 Y\?4 

,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE HAVE = NE>LY TWO C5TURIES HELD 9 COMMON A LOVE ( FRE$OM4 ,?IS FIR/ MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,SPA91 :]E SOME TOOK ! PA? ( VIOL5T 9SURRECTION1 O!RS DEM&$ RE=MS1 & ! MAJORITY SIMPLY WANT$ A BETT] SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T ?AT ,SPANI% COLONIALISM4 ,LAT]1 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ! FAILURE ( TWO REPUBLICS SEMI-9DEP5D5T ( ! ,U4,S41 & ! RISE ( TWO \TRI<T MURD]\S REGIMES1 ?OSE ( ,MA*ADO & ,BATI/A1 DIDN'T PREV5T ! G5]ATION ?AT CAME ( AGE 9 MID-C5TURY FROM CONT9U+ ! FI<T = ,CUBAN FRE$OM4 ,BUT ! DEFEAT & HUMILIATION ( ?IS IDEALI/IC1 REVOLUTION>Y G5]ATION BY ! AT FIR/ AU?ORIT>IAN & LAT] DESPOTIC FIGURE ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO PLAC$ A MAJOR ROADBLOCK 9 ?IS C5TURIES-OLD QUE/ = LIB]TY4 ,IF !RE'S ANY POSITIVE ASPECT TO ! ,CA/RO DICTATOR%IP1 IT'S ?AT IT HAS S]V$ AS AN OBJECT LESSON TO MANY ,CUBANS TO NEV] SUPPORT /RONGM5 OR 0MAXIMUM LEAD]S10 NO MATT] :AT 0REVOLUTION>Y0 SLOGANS !Y M\?4 

,BUT ! ,CA/RO DET\R WILL BE JU/ ?AT -- A DET\R4 ,!RE >E MANY O!R SOCIAL1 MORAL1 & PSY*OLOGICAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE ?AT 9CL9E !M 9/9CTIVELY1 AS IT W]E1 T[>D AN>*ISM3 !IR DISRESPECT OR 9DIFF]5CE T[>D ! /ATE2 !IR P]MAN5T REBELLION AGA9/ AU?ORITY & ITS REPRES5TATIVES1 BE !Y POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S2 & !IR SY/EMATIC OPPOSITION TO LAWS1 RULES1 & REGULATIONS ?AT ATTEMPT TO RE/RICT !IR FRE$OM4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT'S NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ?AT EV5 ?\< ! ,CUBAN *>ACT] HAS AN AFF9ITY = AN>*ISM1 BE+ AN>*IC & BE+ AN AN>*I/ >E NOT ! SAME ?+4 ,/ILL1 ,CUBANS >E 9CL9$ TO DEFY AU?ORITY & TO DEFY ! LAWS ( BO? *UR* & /ATE4 

,! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T WAS WELL AW>E ( ?IS ,CUBAN T5D5CY1 & IT TOOK PA9S TO SUPPRESS IT FROM ! />T ?R\< ! MASSIVE USE ( T]ROR & CO]CION4 ,! FE> UNLEA%$ BY ,CA/RO HAS TEMPOR>ILY DRI$ UP ! LOVE ( LIB]TY & ! DISDA9 = TYRANTS & !IR ORD]S4 ,! ,CUBA ( TODAY1 ) ITS MULTITUDE ( PRISONS1 SECRET POLICE1 & GOV]NM5T 9=M]S ON EV]Y BLOCK 7! ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- MORE ACCURATELY1 ! ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REGIME71 IS A SOCIETY BAS$ ON M]E SURVIVAL4 ,ONLY ?R\< ! USE ( NE>-9F9ITE REPRESSION HAS ,CA/RO MA9TA9$ HIS GRIP ON P[]2 & NOT ONLY HAS HE RETA9$ ?AT1 HE'S TEMPOR>ILY CREAT$ A DIFF]5T ,CUBAN ATTITUDE 7AT LEA/ AS PUBLICLY EXPRESS$7 -- ONE ?AT DISDA9S 0B\RGEOIS CIVIL LIB]TIES0 & ?AT RESPECTS REPRESSIVE LAWS4 ,9 %ORT1 ,CA/RO'S IS A REM>KABLE A*IEVEM5T3 REPLACEM5T ( ! TRADITIONAL ,CUBAN LOVE ( FRE$OM BY ITS OPPOSITE1 CR++ SUBMISSION4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 :ILE ! PRES5T REGIME BE>S GREAT RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS 0A*IEVEM5T10 !RE W]E T5D5CIES 9 ?IS DIRECTION PRIOR TO ! RISE ( ,CA/RO2 & ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S1 FROM ! TIME ( ,EL ,PRODUCTOR1 HAVE ATTACK$ !SE T5D5CIES4 ,FIR/ & =EMO/ HAS BE5 ! MATT] ( RACISM4 ,CUBA 7AT ! SAME TIME AS ,BRAZIL7 WAS ! LA/ C\NTRY 9 ! ,WE/]N ,HEMISPH]E TO ABOLI% BLACK SLAV]Y2 & ! RACISM & ECONOMIC DISP>ITIES LEFT 9 SLAV]Y'S WAKE W]E A SEV]E H9DRANCE TO SOCIAL EMANCIPATION 9 ,CUBA ?R\<\T ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,! ,CA/RO REGIME HAS MADE MU* ( ITS SUPPOS$ ELIM9ATION ( RACISM 9 ,CUBAN SOCIETY1 BUT 9 REC5T YE>S RACISM HAS RESURFAC$1 = ECONOMIC REASONS4 ,S9CE ! ,CA/RO REGIME REV]S$ ITSELF & ALL[$ ! FREE CIRCULATION ( ,U4,S4 DOLL>S ON ! ISL&1 & ! S5D+ ( DOLL>S FROM EXILES 7PR$OM9ANTLY :ITE ,CUBANS7 TO ?OSE /ILL 9 ,CUBA1 A GREAT MANY :ITE ,CUBAN FAMILIES HAVE BE5 ABLE TO SURVIVE :ILE DO+ V]Y LITTLE OR NO WORK &1 ( C\RSE1 :ILE PRODUC+ NO USEFUL GOODS OR S]VICES4 ,?IS HAS L$ TO CONSID]ABLE RES5TM5T ON ! P>T ( ?OSE NOT RECEIV+ MONEY FROM ABROAD 7PRIM>ILY BLACKS71 & IT HAS ALSO RESULT$ 9 ! 9TRODUCTION ( A DE FACTO CLASS SY/EM ) HEAVY RACIAL OV]TONES4 

,?IS CLASS SY/EM HAS L$ TO WIDESPREAD 9DIFF]5CE & 9DOL5CE 9 AGRICULTURE & ! SUG> 9DU/RY4 ,WORK]S & CAMPES9OS REFUSE TO WORK MORE ?AN ! ABSOLUTE M9IMUM NECESS>Y 9 A SOCIETY :]E T\RI/ DOLL>S MEAN MORE ?AN ?OSE PRODUC$ BY ANY TYPE ( PRODUCTION = EXPORT4 

,AS = ! MEANS -- O!R ?AN CO]CION1 VIOL5CE1 & SURVEILLANCE -- EMPLOY$ BY ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T TO KEEP ITSELF 9 P[]1 ONE MU/ CITE ITS PROPAG&A APP>ATUS4 ,! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T CONTROLS EV]Y RADIO /ATION1 ,T,V /ATION1 & PUBLICATION ON ! ISL&4 ,FROM !SE1 ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE RECEIVE A DAILY DOSE ( M>XI/-L59I/ 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM10 A DOCTR9E ) :I* !Y D>E NOT PUBLICLY DISAGREE4 ,!Y ALSO RECEIVE DAILY REPORTS AB\T H[ HAPPY !Y >E BECAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 0GA9S0 ( ! ,CA/RO REGIME1 & BECAUSE ( !IR SUPPOS$ 0EQUALITY40 ,HE>+ SU* CLAIMS REPEAT$ DAY AFT] DAY1 YE> AFT] YE>1 )\T PUBLIC CONTRADICTION1 SOME COME TO BELIEVE !M4 ,& O!RS -- PRIM>ILY ?OSE 9 ! GOV]NM5T_/,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY APP>ATUS1 ! TOP TI] 9 ,CUBA'S CLASS-BAS$ SOCIETY -- WANT TO BELIEVE ?OSE CLAIMS1 BECAUSE !Y HELP JU/IFY !IR PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS4 

,CUBA'S $UCATIONAL SY/EM ALSO S]VES AS AN 9DOCTR9ATION FACTORY4 ,/UD5TS RECEIVE DAILY DOSES ( M>XISM AS REVEAL$ TRU?1 & !Y >E NOT FREE TO CRITICIZE IT1 JU/ AS !Y >E NOT FREE TO CRITICIZE ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM IMPOS$ ON !M BY ! /ATE4 ,!Y ALSO >E NOT FREE TO *OOSE !IR [N PA?S 9 LIFE4 ,AS 9 ,PLATO'S REPUBLIC1 IF ! /ATE DECIDES ?AT !Y HAVE1 = EXAMPLE1 AN APTITUDE = VET]9>Y M$IC9E1 !Y MU/ S]VE ! /ATE AS VET]9>IANS4 ,9 $UCATION1 AS 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y O!R ASPECT ( ,CUBAN LIFE1 FRE$OM IS ABS5T4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,S9CE REMOTE TIMES1 HUMAN BE+S HAVE EVALUAT$1 CRITICIZ$1 & ALT]$ ! SOCIETY ?AT SURR\NDS !M4 ,AN>*ISM IS A REC5T DEVELOPM5T 9 ?IS NOBLE & HUMANE UND]TAK+1 :I* HAS RUN AS A ?READ ?R\< HUMAN HI/ORY FROM ! ,A!NS ( ,SOCRATES1 TO ! ,/OIC PHILOSOPH]S1 TO ! ,R5AISSANCE1 & TO ! PHILOSOPH]S & 5CYCLOP$I/S ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 9 ,5GL& & ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON 9 ,FRANCE >E BUT TWO E>LY EXAMPLES ( ?OSE :O TOOK ?IS TRADITION & BUILT UPON IT TO PRODUCE AN>*ISM4 ,IF ,I READ !M CORRECTLY1 !IR PURPOSE1 LIKE ?AT ( LAT] AN>*I/S SU* AS ,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 WAS NOT ONLY TO ELIM9ATE ! /ATE1 BUT TO CREATE A FRE]1 MORE JU/ HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,?IS 9T5TION -- :E!R OR NOT ITS BE>]S USE ! LABEL 0AN>*I/0 -- WILL1 ,I AM CONV9C$1 NEV] DIE4 ,IT WILL CONT9UE TO SURVIVE G5]ATION AFT] G5]ATION1 DESPITE TEMPOR>Y SETBACKS1 9 ,CUBA AS EV]Y:]E ELSE4 

,AS = ,CUBA1 5*A9$ & ON ITS KNEES1 ,I CANNOT HELP BUT ?9K ( ! REF]5CE ( ,5RIQUE ,ROIG ,SAN ,M>T9 TO ! 0TREE ( LIB]TY40 ,9 ,CUBA1 IT PUT D[N ROOTS & SPR\T$ BRAN*ES UNTIL1 9 ! #a#i#fS1 IT WAS BURN$ & CUT TO ! GR\ND4 ,BUT IT DIDN'T DIE4 ,!RE WILL BE ?OSE 9 ! G5]ATIONS ?AT SUCCE$ US :O WILL TAKE UP ! ALTRUI/IC LEGACY ( !IR =BE>S1 SO ?AT ! ROOTS ( AN>*ISM1 ! ROOTS ( FRE$OM1 N[ BURI$ 9 ! F]TILE ,CUBAN SOIL1 WILL ONCE AGA9 SPR+ TO LIFE & WILL BE> ! FRUITS ( LIB]TY & SOCIAL JU/ICE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,UPDAT$4 

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