,C\NCIL ,COMMUNISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,>*IVE2 
,PUBLI%$3 AS ,*APT] ,V ( ,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM1 ,M]L9 ,PRESS #a#i#g#h2 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ AS 0,GR\PS ( ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S0 9 ,! ,SOCIAL ,FRONTI]1 VOL4 #e1 NO4 #d#e1 ,MAY #a#i#c#i1 PP4 #b#d#h-#b#e#c2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,JULY #b#e4 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ?OSE SOCIAL =CES G5]ALLY KN[N 
AS ! 'LABOR MOVEM5T' :I* ROSE DUR+ ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S 
&1 QUANTITATIVELY1 REA*$ !IR WIDE/ EXPANSION %ORTLY BE=E & AFT] 
! WORLD W>1 >E N[ DEF9ITELY ON ! DECL9E4 ,?\< ?IS SITUATION IS 
EI!R HAPPILY OR RELUCTANTLY ACKN[L$G$ BY PEOPLE CONC]N$ ) LABOR 
QUE/IONS1 REALI/IC EXPLANATIONS ( ?IS PH5OM5ON >E SC>CE4 ,:]E ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T WAS DE/ROY$ BY \TSIDE =CES !RE REMA9S ! PROBLEM ( 
H[ IT WAS ELIM9AT$ DESPITE ! APP>5T /R5G? ?AT IT HAD ACQUIR$ 9 ITS 
LONG P]IOD ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,:]E IT DIS9TEGRAT$ ( ITS [N ACCORD !RE 
REMA9S ! QUE/ION :Y A NEW LABOR MOVEM5T DID NOT APPE>1 S9CE ! SOCIAL 
CONDITIONS ?AT PRODUCE SU* MOVEM5TS /ILL EXI/4 

,I 

,MO/ ( ! EXPLANATIONS (F]$ FAIL TO CONV9CE1 BECAUSE !Y >E (F]$ 
SOLELY ) ! PURPOSE ( S]V+ ! SPECIFIC1 IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ! 
P>TISANS 9VOLV$ 9 LABOR PROBLEMS1 NOT TO M5TION !IR LIMITATIONS 9 
!ORETICAL & EMPIRICAL KN[L$GE4 ,BUT WORSE ?AN A FALSE OR 9ADEQUATE 
POSITION ON ! QUE/ION ( RESPONSIBILITY = ! PRES5T IMPASSE ( ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T IS ! RESULT+ 9ABILITY TO =MULATE C\RSES LEAD+ TO NEW 
9DEP5D5T WORK+ CLASS ACTION4 ,!RE IS NO DE>? ( PROPOSALS AS 
TO H[ TO REVIVE ! LABOR MOVEM5T2 H[EV]1 ! S]I\S 9VE/IGATOR CANNOT 
HELP NOTIC+ ?AT ALL SU* PROPOSALS = A 'NEW BEG9N+' >E 9 
REALITY BUT ! RE/ATEM5T & R$ISCOV]Y ( IDEAS & =MS ( ACTIVITY 
DEVELOP$ ) MU* GREAT] CL>ITY & CONSI/5CY DUR+ ! BEG9N+S ( 
! MOD]N LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,9 REFUT+ ! IDEA ( SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION ( 
!SE R$ISCOV]$ & - 9 COMP>ISON ) LAT] DEVELOPM5TS - 
RADICAL PR9CIPLES1 IT MU/ BE CONSID]$ NOR ONLY ?AT !SE PR9CIPLES MU/ 
BE 9ADEQUATE1 S9CE !Y W]E NECESS>ILY B\ND TO A QUITE DIFF]5T /AGE ( 
DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 BUT ?AT !Y NO LONG] FIT1 & CAN NO 
LONG] BE MADE TO FIT1 A LABOR MOVEM5T :I* HAS BAS$ ITS PHILOSOPHY1 =MS 
( ORGANIZATION & ACTIVITIES = TOO LONG A TIME1 & ) TOO MU* SUCCESS1 
ON ASPIRATIONS QUITE CONTR>Y TO ! CONT5T ( !SE E>LI] PR9CIPLES4 

,A REVIVAL ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T IS NOT TO BE EXPECT$2 ?AT 
WORK]S' MOVEM5T :I* MAY BE CONSID]$ NEW WILL HAVE TO DE/ROY ! 
V]Y FEATURES ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT W]E CONSID]$ ITS /R5G?4 ,IT 
MU/ AVOID ITS SUCCESSES1 & IT CANNOT ASPIRE M]ELY TO A 
'BETT]-?AN-BE=E' ORGANIZATIONAL EXPRESSION2 IT MU/ UND]/& 
ALL ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! PRES5T /AGE ( CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T & 
ORGANIZE ACCORD+LY2 IT MU/ BASE ITS =MS ( ACTION NOT ON TRADITIONAL 
IDEAS1 BUT ON ! GIV5 POSSIBILITIES & NECESSITIES4 ,TO RETURN TO ! IDEALS 
( ! PA/1 UND] ! PRES5T G5]AL SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 W\LD ONLY MEAN AN 
E>LI] DEA? = ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,NOT M]ELY ! C[>DICE ( ! MA/]S 
( LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ! LABOR BUREAUCRACY ATTA*$ TO !M BR\<T 
AB\T ! MANY DEFEATS SUFF]$ 9 REC5T CONFLICTS ) ! RUL+ CLASSES1 
& DET]M9$ ! \TCOME ( ! 'G5]AL' /RIKE 9 ,FRANCE1 BUT1 
MORE SO1 A CLE> OR 9/9CTIVE RECOGNITION ?AT ! PRES5T LABOR MOVEM5T 
CANNOT OP]ATE AGA9/ CAPITALI/IC NE$S1 CAN 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R ONLY S]VE 
SPECIFIC & HI/ORICALLY DET]M9$ CAPITALI/IC 9T]E/S4 

,DISREG>D+ ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS & (FICIALS :O FROM ! BEG9N+ 
CONCEIV$ !IR FUNCTION TO BE NO MORE ?AN !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! 
DI/RIBUTION ( ! WEAL? CREAT$ BY ! WORK]S1 EI!R BY OP5 RACKETE]+ 
OR BY ORGANIZ+ ! LABOR M>KET1 ?IS MU* IS OBVI\S3 TODAY ! LEAD]S ( 
LABOR AS WELL AS ! WORK]S !MSELVES >E MORE OR LESS CONSCI\S ( !IR 
9ABILITY TO OP]ATE AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 & ! CYNICISM DISPLAY$ BY SO MANY 
LABOR LEAD]S 9 SU* PRACTICAL POLICIES AS >E /ILL POSSIBLE1 I4E4 TO 
'SELL \T'1 MAY BE REG>D$ ALSO AS ! MO/ REALI/IC ATTITUDE1 
D]IV$ FROM A FULL RECOGNITION ( A *ANG$ SITUATION4 ,! S5SE ( FUTILITY 
PR$OM9ANT 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( TODAY CANNOT BE DISPELL$ BY A MORE 
LAVI% USE ( RADICAL PHRASEOLOGY1 NOR BY A COMPLETE SUBORD9ATION TO ! 
RUL+ CLASSES1 AS IS ATTEMPT$ 9 MANY C\NTRIES :]E LABOR LEAD]S CLAMOR 
= 'NATIONAL PLANN+' & A SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEM )9 
! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,ON SU* A BASIS ( ACTION1 ! OLD LABOR 
MOVEM5T CANNOT HELP COPY+ FROM ! VAGUE PROPOSALS ( FASCI/IC MOVEM5TS1 
& AS IMITATORS !Y WILL HAVE EV5 LESS SUCCESS ?AN ! ORIG9ATORS4 
,FASCISM1 & ! ABOLITION ( ! PRES5T LABOR MOVEM5T CONNECT$ !RE)1 
CANNOT BE >RE/$ ) FASCI/IC ME?ODS & ! ADOPTION ( FASCI/IC GOALS 
BY ! LABOR MOVEM5T ITSELF4 

,I,I 

,?\< (T5 ATTEMPT$1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EXPLA9 ! PRES5T MIS]ABLE 
/ATUS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS ! RESULT ( ! MANY 'BETRAYALS' 
AT ! H&S ( 'R5EGADES'1 OR TO ! 'LACK ( 
9SI<T' 9TO ! REAL NE$S ( ! WORK+ CLASS ON ! P>T ( ITS 
LEAD]S4 ,NOR IS IT POSSIBLE TO BLAME SPECIFIC =MS ( ORGANIZATIONS1 OR 
C]TA9 PHILOSOPHICAL TR5DS1 = ! MANY DEFEATS ?AT HAVE OCCURR$4 ,NOR IS 
IT POSSIBLE TO EXPLA9 ! DECL9E ( ! MOVEM5T BY ATTRIBUT+ IT TO 
'NATIONAL *>ACT]I/ICS' OR 'PSY*OLOGICAL 
PECULI>ITIES'4 ,! DECL9E ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS A G5]AL DECL9E2 
ALL ORGANIZATIONS1 REG>DLESS ( !IR SPECIFIC =MS & ATTITUDES1 >E 
!REBY AFFECT$2 & NO C\NTRY & NO PEOPLE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ESCAPE ?IS 
D[NW>D TR5D4 ,NO C\NTRY1 WAT*+ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 
O!R L&S1 HAS BE5 ABLE 'TO DRAW LESSONS FROM !IR DEFEATS'2 NO 
ORGANIZATION1 SEE+ O!RS COLLAPSE1 WAS ABLE 'TO LE>N TO AVOID ?IS 
FATE'4 ,! EMASCULATION ( ALL WORK]S' P[] 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #aib WAS 
EASILY COPI$ 9 ,TURKEY1 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,*9A1 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,AU/RIA1 9 
,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 9 ,SPA91 & N[ 9 ,FRANCE1 & SOON 9 ,5GL&4 ,IT IS TRUE 
?AT 9 EA* C\NTRY1 BECAUSE ( PECULI>ITIES ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 
DEVELOPM5T1 ! DE/RUCTION ( LABOR ORGANIZATIONS CAPABLE ( FUNCTION+ 
AS SU* V>I$ FROM CASE TO CASE2 H[EV]1 NONE CAN D5Y ?AT 9 ALL !SE 
C\NTRIES ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS ABOLI%$4 ,:AT 
/ILL EXI/S !RE UND] ! NAME ( LABOR ORGANIZATION HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON 
) ! LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT DEVELOP$ HI/ORICALLY1 OR ?AT1 9 ! MORE 
BACKW>D C\NTRIES1 WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T1 & ?AT WAS F\ND$ TO 
MA9TA9 AN 9SUP]ABLE OPPOSITION TO A SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO P[]LESS WORK]S 
& EXPLOIT]S CONTROLL+ ALL ! ECONOMIC & ! CONSEQU5T POLITICAL P[]4 
,:AT /ILL EXI/S !RE 9 ! =M ( P>TIES1 TRADE & 9DU/RIAL 
UNIONS1 LABOR FRONTS & O!R ORGANIZATIONS IS SO COMPLETELY 9TEGRAT$ 
)9 ! EXI/+ SOCIETAL =M ?AT IT IS UNABLE TO FUNCTION O!R ?AN AS 
AN 9/RUM5T ( ?AT SOCIETY4 

,IT IS1 FUR!RMORE1 NOT POSSIBLE TO BLAME ! MO/ IMPORTANT !ORETICAL 
EXPRESSION ?US F> DEVELOP$ 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T - ,M>XISM - 
= ! MANY %ORTCOM+S ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T & = ITS PRES5T 
DE/RUCTION4 ,?AT LABOR MOVEM5T :I* IS N[ PASS+ HAD V]Y LITTLE TO DO 
) ,M>XISM4 ,SU* A CRITICISM ( ,M>XISM CAN >ISE ONLY FROM A LACK ( ALL 
KN[L$GE AS TO ITS CONT5TS4 ,NOR WAS ,M>XISM MISUND]/OOD2 IT WAS 
REJECT$ BY BO? ! LABOR MOVEM5T & ITS CRITICS1 & WAS NEV] 
TAK5 = :AT IT IS3 0AN UNDOGMATIC GUIDE = SCI5TIFIC RESE>* & 
REVOLUTION>Y ACTION0.<#b.> ,9 
BO? CASES1 BY ?OSE :O ADOPT$ IT AS A MEAN+LESS PHRASE & BY ?OSE :O 
F\<T EV5 ?IS MEAN+LESS PHRASE1 IT WAS UTILIZ$ RA!R AS AN 9/RUM5T TO 
CONCEAL A PRACTICE :I*1 ON ! ONE H&1 CONFIRM$ ! SCI5TIFIC S\NDNESS 
( ,M>XIAN SOCIAL SCI5CE1 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS /RONGLY OPPOS$ TO ! 
CORRESPOND+ & DI/URB+ REALITY4 

,AL?\< DEVELOP$ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,M>XISM ?IS DECL9+ LABOR 
MOVEM5T N[ HAS COMPLETELY REPUDIAT$ ITS REVOLUTION>Y BEG9N+S1 EV5 :]E 
ITS ADH]5CE HAS BE5 M]ELY NOM9AL1 & OP]ATES ON 5TIRELY B\RGEOIS 
GR\NDS4 ,AS SOON AS ?IS FACT IS RECOGNIZ$1 !RE IS NO NE$ TO LOOK = ! 
REASONS ( ! DECL9E ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 SOME VAGUELY CON/UCT$ & 
ACTUALLY DISREG>D$ PHILOSOPHY2 9/EAD1 ?IS DECL9E BECOMES A QUITE OBVI\S 
P>ALLEL TO ! DECL9E ( CAPITALISM4 ,B\ND TO AN EXP&+ CAPITALISM1 
TOTALLY 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! :OLE ( ! SOCIAL FABRIC1 ! OLD LABOR 
MOVEM5T CAN ONLY /AGNATE ) /AGNAT+ CAPITALISM & DECL9E ) 
DECL9+ CAPITALISM4 ,IT CANNOT DIVORCE ITSELF FROM CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 
UNLESS IT BREAKS COMPLETELY ) ITS [N PA/1 :I* IS POSSIBLE ONLY BY 
BREAK+ UP ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS1 AS F> AS !Y /ILL EXI/4 ,?IS 
POSSIBILITY1 H[EV]1 IS PRECLUD$ BECAUSE ( ! VE/$ 9T]E/S DEVELOP$ 9 
?OSE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,A REBIR? ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS CONCEIVABLE ONLY AS A 
REBELLION ( ! MASSES AGA9/ '!IR' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,JU/ AS ! 
RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 TO SPEAK 9 ,M>XIAN T]MS1 PREV5T ! FUR!R 
UNFOLD+ ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( SOCIETY1 & >E RESPONSIBLE = ! 
PRES5T CAPITALI/IC DECL9E1 SO ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( TODAY PREV5T ! 
FULL UNFOLD+ ( ! NEW PROLET>IAN CLASS =CES & !IR ATTEMPTS AT NEW 
ACTIONS S]V+ ! CLASS 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 ,!SE CONFLICT+ 
T5D5CIES BETWE5 WORK+ CLASS 9T]E/S & ! PR$OM9ANT LABOR 
ORGANIZATIONS W]E MO/ CLE>LY REVEAL$ 9 ,EUROPE1 :]E ! CAPITALI/ 
EXPANSION PROCESS WAS >RE/$ & ! ECONOMIC CONTRACTION WAS FELT MORE 
SEV]ELY1 RESULT+ 9 FASCI/ =MS ( CONTROL OV] ! POPULATION4 ,BUT 9 
,AM]ICA AS WELL1 :]E ! =CES ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY HAVE BE5 LESS 
EXHAU/$ ?AN 9 ,EUROPE1 ! OLD LABOR LEAD]S >E JO9$ BY ?OSE ( ! 
NEW]1 APP>5TLY MORE PROGRESSIVE1 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 9 SUPPORT+ A 
/RUGGL+ CAPITALI/ CLASS TO MA9TA9 ITS SY/EM EV5 AFT] ITS SOCIAL & 
HI/ORICAL BASIS HAS VANI%$4 

,I,I,I 

,IT IS A P>ADOX ONLY TO ! SUP]FICIAL OBS]V] ?AT ! DECL9E ( ! 
,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A NEW SPURT 9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 
9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?IS SITUATION 9DICATES ONLY ! TREM5D\S /R5G? & 
RES]VE ?AT CAPITALISM 9 ,AM]ICA /ILL POSSESSES4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS ALSO AN 
EXPRESSION ( WEAKNESS 9 ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM AS COMP>$ ) ?AT ( ! MORE 
C5TRALIZ$ CAPITALISM ( ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,BE+ BO? AN ADVANTAGE & A 
DISADVANTAGE1 ! PRES5T ,AM]ICAN LABOR SITUATION ILLU/RATES M]ELY ! 
ATTEMPTS TO UTILIZE ! ADVANTAGE TO HELP ELIM9ATE ! DISADVANTAGE4 ,! 
C5TRALIZATION ( ALL POSSIBLE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[]S 9 ! H&S ( 
! ,/ATE 7:I*1 DUE TO ! DECL9+ ECONOMY IS IMPELL$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 
L>G] 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL /RUGGLES7 IS /ILL OPPOS$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
BY P[]FULLY 9DIVIDUALI/IC CAPITALI/IC 9T]E/S RI<TLY FE>+ !Y WILL 
BE VICTIMIZ$ BY ?IS V]Y PROCESS4 ,SO >ISES ANO!R P>ADOX1 ?AT IT IS 
PRECISELY ! P]SI/+ /R5G? ( PRIVATE CAPITAL1 CAPABLE ( C\NT]ACT+ 
/ATE-CAPITALI/ TR5DS & ( FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 
?AT IS L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = ! CONT9U$ EXI/5CE ( !SE LABOR 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,= ! 9DIRECT BUT V]Y =CEFUL SUPPORT ! LABOR MOVEM5T 
HAS F\ND 9 ?OSE GOV]NM5TAL POLICIES :I* >E DIRECT$ AGA9/ AN>*IC1 
9DIVIDUAL1 CAPITALI/IC PROC$URES 9 AN EF=T TO SAFEGU>D ! PRES5T 
SOCIETY1 WILL 9EVITABLY S]VE ONLY ! ,/ATE4 ,! ,/ATE WILL !N HAVE MADE 
PR(ITABLE USE ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATION1 NOT ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE4 
,! MORE GOV]NM5T FO/]S ! 9T]E/S ( LABOR1 ! MORE LABOR 9T]E/S 
DISAPPE>1 ! MORE !SE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS MAKE !MSELVES SUP]FLU\S4 ,! 
RISE 9 ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T EXP]I5C$ REC5TLY IS BUT A VEIL$ 
SYMPTOM ( ITS DECL9E4 ,AS WAS 9DICAT$ 9 ! FIR/ ,C,I,O CONV5TION HELD 
REC5TLY1 ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S >E COMPLETELY SUBORD9AT$ TO ! MO/ 
EFFICI5T & C5TRALIZ$ UNION LEAD]%IP4 ,FROM ?IS COMPLETE EMASCULATION ( 
WORK]S' 9ITIATIVE )9 !IR [N ORGANIZATION TO ! COMPLETE 
SUBORD9ATION ( ! :OLE ORGANIZATION TO ! ,/ATE IS ONLY A /EP4 ,NOT ONLY 
CAPITAL1 AS ,M>X SAID1 IS ITS [N GRAVE DIGG]1 BUT ALSO ! LABOR 
ORGANIZATIONS1 :]E !Y >E NOT DE/ROY$ FROM )\T1 DE/ROY !MSELVES4 
,!Y DE/ROY !MSELVES 9 ! V]Y ATTEMPT TO BECOME P[]FUL =CES )9 
! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,!Y ADOPT ! ME?ODS NECESS>Y UND] CAPITALI/IC 
CONDITIONS TO GR[ 9 IMPORTANCE1 & !REBY 9 TURN CONT9U\SLY /R5G!N 
?OSE =CES :I* WILL EV5TUALLY 'TAKE !M OV]'4 ,!RE IS1 
!RE=E1 NO *ANCE TO PR(IT FROM !IR EF=TS1 =1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 
! REAL P[]S 9 SOCIETY DECIDE :AT %ALL REMA9 & :AT %ALL BE 
ELIM9AT$4 

,NOR IS !RE ANY HOPE ?AT1 9 RECOGNITION ( ! S]VICES GIV5 TO ! 
EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETY1 ! LABOR ORGANIZ]S & !IR FOLL[]S WILL F9D !IR 
PROP] REW>D 9 A COMPLETELY /ATE-CONTROLL$ ECONOMIC SY/EM2 = ALL SOCIAL 
*ANGES 9 ! PRES5T ANTAGONI/IC SOCIETY OCCUR BY WAY ( /RUGGLE4 ,A 
H>MONIZ+ ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 TWO DIFF]5T K9DS ( BUREAUCRACIES IS 
POSSIBLE ONLY 9 EXCEPTIONAL CASES1 AS 9 ! CASE ( W> BREAK+ \T BE=E 
! TOTALIT>IAN SY/EM IS COMPLET$2 O!RWISE ! TAK+ OV] ( ! OLD 
LABOR MOVEM5T BY ! /ATE SY/EM LEAVES ! OLD LEAD5 9 ! /REETS1 OR 
BR+S !M TO ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 AS WAS SO APTLY DEMON/RAT$ 9 
,G]MANY4 ,NOR C\LD ! RECOGNITION ?AT SU* A FUTURE IS PROBABLE CAUSE LABOR 
LEAD]S TO AVOID PREP>+ IT1 AS !RE IS GIV5 TO ! PRES5T 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T NO POSSIBILITY BUT TO PAVE ! WAY T[>D IT4 
,! ONLY ALT]NATIVE1 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 W\LD EXCLUDE ALL ?OSE ASPECTS 
( LABOR ACTIVITY :I* >E HAIL$ AS ! PA9FULLY WON VICTORIES ( A LONG 
/RUGGLE1 & W\LD MEAN ! SACRIFICE ( ALL ?OSE VALUES & ACTIVITIES :I* 
TODAY MAKE IT WOR? :ILE TO WORK 9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 & :I* 9DUCE 
WORK]S TO 5T] !M4 

,IF ! REC5T DEVELOPM5T ( SO-CALL$ 'ECONOMICALLY' ORGANIZ$ 
LABOR 9 ,AM]ICA IS ITSELF AN 9DICATION ( ! G5]AL DECL9E ( ! LABOR 
MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD1 & IS TELL+LY ILLU/RAT$ BY ,JOHN ,L4 ,LEWIS'S 
REC5T DECL>ATION ?AT HIS ORGANIZATION /&S READY 0TO SUPPORT A W> 
( DEF5SE AGA9/ ,G]MANY10 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT HE & HIS 
ORGANIZATION >E READY TO FI<T = ! 9T]E/S ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 !RE 
IS NOT EV5 ! NECESSITY ( PROV+ ! DECL9E ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T 9 
! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES' POLITICAL FIELD4 ,S9CE SPECIFIC HI/ORICAL & SOCIAL 
FACTORS EXCLUD$ ! GR[? ( A POLITICAL LABOR MOVEM5T ( ANY CONSEQU5CE 
9 ,AM]ICA1 AN ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL LABOR MOVEM5T CANNOT DECL9E1 S9CE IT DOES 
NOT EXI/4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( A NUMB] ( SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS ?AT 
DISAPPE>$ AS QUICKLY AS !Y >OSE1 :AT HI!RTO WAS EXP]I5C$ 9 ! =M 
( A POLITICAL LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS ( NO SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! 
TOTAL ABS5CE ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! 'ECONOMIC' MOVEM5TS 
H]E IS SO WELL RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IT IS SUP]FLU\S TO M5TION ?IS FACT AGA94 
,) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I4,W4,W471 ! LABOR 
ORGANIZATIONS 9 REC5T HI/ORY W]E ALWAYS CONSID]$ AS COMPLEM5T>Y TO 
CAPITALISM - AS ONE ( ITS ASSETS4 ,! OBJECTIVE OBS]V] MU/ ADMIT ?AT 
ALL ! ORGANIZ$ & UNORGANIZ$ WORK+ MASSES >E /ILL UND] ! SWAY ( 
CAPITALISM1 BECAUSE !RE DEVELOP$ ) EXP&+ CAPITALISM NOT A LABOR 
MOVEM5T1 BUT A CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T ( LABOR]S4 

,I,V 

,FROM ! NEGATIVE POSITION DEVELOP$ H]E IT CAN EASILY BE SE5 ?AT ! 
FUTURE ACTIVITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT BE D5OT$ AS A 'NEW 
BEG9N+'1 BUT M]ELY AS A BEG9N+4 ,! C5TURY ( CLASS FI<T BEH9D 
US 0DEVELOP$ 9VALUABLE !ORETICAL KN[L$GE2 IT F\ND GALLANT 
REVOLUTION>Y WORDS 9 DEFIANCE ( ! CAPITALI/ CLAIM ( BE+ A F9AL SOCIAL 
SY/EM2 IT AWAK5$ ! WORK]S FROM ! HOPELESSNESS ( MIS]Y4 ,BUT ITS ACTUAL 
FI<T WAS )9 ! CONF9ES ( CAPITALISM2 IT WAS ACTION ?R\< ! M$IUM 
( LEAD]S & S\<T ONLY TO PLACE EASY MA/]S 9 ! PLACE ( H>D 
ONES40.<#c.> ,! PREVI\S HI/ORY 
( ! LABOR MOVEM5T MU/ BE REG>D$ ONLY AS A PRELUDE TO FUTURE ACTION4 
,AL?\< !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ?IS PRELUDE HAS ALREADY =ECA/ SOME ( 
! IMPLICATIONS ( ! COM+ /RUGGLE1 NEV]!LESS1 IT REMA9$ ONLY AN 
9TRODUCTION1 NOT A SUMM>Y1 ( :AT IS TO FOLL[4 

,! ,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T DISAPPE>$ ) SO LITTLE /RUGGLE BECAUSE ITS 
ORGANIZATION HAD NO =W>D P]SPECTIVE2 !Y KNEW OR FELT ?AT !RE WAS NO 
ROOM = !M 9 A SOCIALI/IC SY/EM1 & !IR FE> ?AT ! CLASS SOCIETY 
W\LD DISAPPE> WAS NO LESS ?AN ?AT ( O!R PRIVILEG$ GR\PS4 ,CAPABLE ( 
FUNCTION+ ONLY UND] CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS1 !Y CONTEMPLAT$ ) 
DISFAVOR ! 5D ( CAPITALISM2 A *OICE BETWE5 TWO WAYS ( DY+ HAS NEV] 
5LIV5$ ANYONE4 ,! FACT ?AT SU* LABOR ORGANIZATIONS CAN FUNCTION ONLY 9 
CAPITALISM EXPLA9S ALSO !IR RA!R CURI\S CONCEPTS AS TO :AT W\LD 
CON/ITUTE A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,!IR 'SOCIALISM' WAS & IS A 
'SOCIALISM' ?AT RESEMBL$ CAPITALISM2 !Y >E 
'PROGRESSIVE' CAPITALI/S RA!R ?AN SOCIALI/S4 ,ALL !IR 
!ORIES1 FROM ?AT ( ! ',M>XIAN' REVISIONI/1 ,B]N/E91 TO 
?OSE ( A 'M>KET SOCIALISM' 9 VOGUE TODAY >E ONLY ME?ODS ( 
A*IEV+ ACQUIESC5CE 9 CAPITALISM4 

,!RE=E IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT SU* A CLE>LY DISC]NIBLE 
/ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA IS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ BY !M AS A 
COMPLET$ SOCIALI/IC SY/EM1 OR AS A TRANSITORY /AGE TO SOCIALISM4 ,CRITICISM 
DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN SY/EM CONSID]S ONLY ! LACK ( DEMOCRACY1 OR AN 
ALLEG$ MALICE OR /UPIDITY ( ITS BUREAUCRACY1 & CONC]NS ITSELF LITTLE OR 
NOT AT ALL ) ! FACT ?AT ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION N[ EXI/+ 9 
,RUSSIA DO NOT ESS5TIALLY DIFF] FROM ?OSE ( O!R CAPITALI/IC 
C\NTRIES1 OR ! FACT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S HAVE NO VOICE :ATEV] 9 
! PRODUCTIVE & SOCIAL AFFAIRS ( !IR C\NTRY1 BUT >E SUBJECT$ 
POLITICALLY & ECONOMICALLY TO EXPLOITATIVE CONDITIONS & 9DIVIDUALS LIKE 
! WORK]S ( ANY O!R NATION4 ,?\< ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
WORK]S NO LONG] FACE 9DIVIDUAL 5TREPR5EURS 9 !IR /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE 
& BETT] LIV+ CONDITIONS1 !IR PRES5T AU?ORITIES %[ ?AT EV5 ! OLD 
ASPIRATION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! REPLACEM5T ( H>D MA/]S ) 
B5EVOL5T ONES1 HAS NOT BE5 FULFILL$ !RE4 

,!Y %[ ALSO ?AT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ ALONE 
DOES NOT 5D ! CAPITALI/ =M ( EXPLOITATION4 ,HIS TRANS=MATION 9TO A 
/ATE (FICIAL1 OR HIS REPLACEM5T BY /ATE (FIC]S1 /ILL LEAVES 9TACT ! 
SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION :I* IS PECULI> TO CAPITALISM4 ,! SEP>ATION ( ! 
WORK]S FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION &1 ) ?IS1 CLASS RULE1 >E CONT9U$ 
9 ,RUSSIA1 ) ! ADDITION ( A HI<LY C5TRALIZ$1 S+LE-M9D$ 
EXPLOITATIVE APP>ATUS ?AT N[ MAKES MORE DIFFICULT ! /RUGGLE ( ! 
WORK]S = !IR OBJECTIVES1 SO ?AT ,RUSSIA REVEALS ITSELF ONLY AS A MODIFI$ 
CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T EXPRESS$ 9 A NEW T]M9OLOGY4 ,ATTEMPTS AT A GREAT] 
NATIONAL SUFFICI5CY1 =C$ UPON ,RUSSIA1 AS IT HAS BE5 =C$ UPON ALL O!R 
CAPITALI/IC C\NTRIES1 IS N[ CELEBRAT$ AS '! BUILD+ UP ( 
SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY'4 ,! DISRUPTION ( WORLD ECONOMY1 :I* 
EXPLA9S & ALL[S ! =C$ DEVELOPM5T ( /ATE CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 IS 
N[ DESCRIB$ S 'A SIDE-BY-SIDE EXI/5CE ( TWO FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T 
SOCIAL SY/EMS'4 ,H[EV]1 ! OPTIMISM ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T SEEMS TO 
9CREASE ) EA* DEFEAT IT SUFF]S4 ,! GREAT] PROGRESS CLASS 
DIFF]5TIATION MAKES 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! MORE ! NEW RUL+ CLASS SUCCE$S 9 
SUPPRESS+ OPPOSITION TO AN 9CREAS+ & HI<LY CELEBRAT$ EXPLOITATION1 ! 
MORE ,RUSSIA P>TICIPATES 9 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD ECONOMY & BECOMES AN 
IMP]IALI/IC P[] AMONG ! O!RS1 ! MORE SOCIALISM IS DEEM$ TO BE FULLY 
REALIZ$ 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,JU/ AS ! LABOR MOVEM5T HAS BE5 ABLE TO SEE 
SOCIALISM M>*+ 9 CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION1 IT CELEBRATE1 N[ ! M>* 
T[>D B>B>ISM AS SO MANY /EPS T[>D ! NEW SOCIETY4 

,H[EV] DIVID$ ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T MAY BE BY DISAGREEM5TS ON V>I\S 
TOPICS1 ON ! QUE/ION ( SOCIALISM IT /&S UNIT$4 ,HILF]D+'S 
AB/RACT ',G5]AL-,C>TEL'1 ,L59'S ADMIRATION = ! ,G]MAN 
W> SOCIALISM & ! ,G]MAN PO/AL S]VICE1 ,KAUTSKY'S ET]NALIZATION ( 
! VALUE-PRICE-MONEY ECONOMY 7DESIR+ TO DO CONSCI\SLY :AT 9 CAPITALISM IS 
P]=M$ BY BL9D M>KET LAWS71 ,TROTSKY'S W> COMMUNISM EQUIPP$ ) 
SUPPLY & DEM& FEATURES1 & ,/AL9'S 9/ITUTIONAL ECONOMICS - 
ALL !SE CONCEPTS HAVE AT !IR BASE ! CONT9UATION ( ! EXI/+ 
CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 !Y >E M]E REFLECTIONS ( 
:AT IS ACTUALLY GO+ ON 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9DE$1 SU* 
'SOCIALISM' IS DISCUSS$ TODAY BY FAM\S B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S LIKE 
,PIG\1 ,HAYEK1 ,ROBB9S1 ,KEYNES1 TO M5TION ONLY A FEW1 & HAS CREAT$ A 
CONSID]ABLE LIT]ATURE TO :I* ! SOCIALI/S N[ TURN = !IR MAT]IAL4 
,FUR!RMORE1 B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S FROM ,M>%ALL TO ,MIT*ELL1 FROM ! 
NEOCLASSICI/S TO ! MOD]N 9/ITUTIONALI/S1 HAVE CONC]N$ !MSELVES ) 
! QUE/ION ( H[ TO BR+ ORD] 9TO ! DISORD]LY CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ! 
TR5D ( !IR ?\<T P>ALLEL+ ! TR5D ( AN EV] GREAT] 9TRUSION ( 
! ,/ATE 9TO COMPETITIVE SOCIETY1 A PROCESS RESULT+ 9 ',NEW 
,DEALS'1 ',NATIONAL-,SOCIALISM'1 & ',BOL%EVISM'1 
! V>I\S NAMES = ! DIFF]5T DEGREES & V>IATIONS ( ! 
C5TRALIZATION & CONC5TRATION PROCESS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 

,V 

,IT HAS REC5TLY BECOME ALMO/ A FAD TO DESCRIBE ! 9CONSI/5CIES ( ! 
LABOR MOVEM5T AS A TRAGIC CONTRADICTION BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS4 ,H[EV]1 
SU* AN 9CONSI/5CY DOES NOT EXI/4 ,SOCIALISM HAS NOT BE5 ! DESIR$ 
'5D' ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T2 IT WAS M]ELY A T]M EMPLOY$ TO 
HIDE AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T OBJECTIVE1 :I* WAS POLITICAL P[] )9 A 
SOCIETY BAS$ ON RUL]S & RUL$ = A %>E 9 ! CREAT$ SURPLUS VALUE4 
,?IS WAS ! 5D ?AT DET]M9$ ! MEANS4 

,! MEANS-&-5DS PROBLEM IS ?AT ( IDEOLOGY & REALITY BAS$ ON CLASS 
RELATIONS 9 SOCIETY4 ,H[EV]1 ! PROBLEM IS >TIFICIAL BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE 
SOLV$ )\T DISSOLV+ ! CLASS RELATIONS4 ,IT IS ALSO MEAN+LESS1 AS IT 
EXI/S ONLY 9 ?\<T2 NO SU* CONTRADICTION EXI/S 9 ACTUALITY4 ,! ACTIONS 
( CLASSES & GR\PS MAY BE EXPLA9$ AT ANY TIME ON ! BASIS ( ! 
PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS EXI/+ 9 SOCIETY4 ,:5 ACTIONS DO NOT CORRESPOND TO 
PROCLAIM$ 5DS1 IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ?OSE 5DS REALLY >E NOT F\<T 
=1 !SE APP>5T 5DS1 9/EAD1 REFLECT A DISSATISFACTION UNABLE TO TURN TO 
ACTION1 OR A DESIRE TO CONCEAL ! REAL 5DS4 ,NO CLASS REALLY CAN ACT 
9CORRECTLY1 I4E41 ACT 9 ANY WAY AT V>IANCE ) DET]M9ANT SOCIAL =CES1 
?\< IT HAS UNLIMIT$ POSSIBILITIES TO ?9K 9CORRECTLY4 ,)9 
CAPITALISM'S SOCIAL PRODUCTION EA* CLASS DEP5DS UPON ! O!R2 !IR 
ANTAGONISM IS !IR ID5TITY ( 9T]E/S2 & SO LONG AS ?IS SOCIETY EXI/S1 
!RE CAN BE NO *OICE ( ACTION4 ,ONLY BY BREAK+ ?R\< ! CONF9ES ( ?IS 
SOCIETY IS IT POSSIBLE TO CO-ORD9ATE MEANS & 5DS DELIB]ATELY1 TO E/ABLI% 
TRUE UNITY ( !ORY & PRACTICE4 

,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY !RE IS ONLY AN APP>5T CONTRADICTION BETWE5 MEANS 
& 5DS1 ! DISP>ITY BE+ ONLY A WEAPON TO S]VE AN ACTUAL PRACTICE NOT AT 
ALL \T ( H>MONY ) ! DESIRES 9VOLV$4 ,ONE NE$ ONLY TO DISCOV] ! 
ACTUAL 5D BEH9D ! IDEOLOGICAL 5D TO SMOO? \T ! APP>5T 9CONSI/5CY4 
,TO USE A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE3 IF ONE BELIEVES ?AT TRADE UNIONS >E 9T]E/$ 9 
/RIKES AS A ME?OD ( M9IMALIS+ PR(ITS & 9CREAS+ WAGES1 AS !Y 
CONT5D1 HE WILL BE SURPRIS$ TO DISCOV] ?AT :5 TRADE UNIONS W]E 
APP>5TLY MO/ P[]FUL & :5 ! NE$ TO 9CREASE WAGES WAS ! GREATE/1 
TRADE UNIONS W]E MORE RELUCTANT ?AN EV] TO USE ! /RIKE M$IUM 9 ! 
9T]E/ ( !IR GOAL4 ,! UNIONS TURN$ TO MEANS LESS APPROPRIATE TO ! 5D 
ASPIR$ TO1 SU* AS >BITRATION & GOV]NM5TAL REGULATIONS4 ,! FACT IS ?AT 
WAGE 9CREASE UND] ALL CONDITIONS IS NO LONG] ! 5D ( TRADE UNIONS2 !Y 
>E NO LONG] :AT !Y W]E AT !IR />T2 !IR TRUE 5D IS N[ ! 
MA9T5ANCE ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS UND] ALL CONDITIONS2 ! NEW MEANS 
>E ?OSE TACTICS MO/ APPROPRIATE TO ?IS GOAL4 ,BUT TO DISCLOSE !IR *ANG$ 
*>ACT] W\LD BE TO ALI5ATE ! WORK]S FROM ! ORGANIZATION4 ,?US1 ! 
M]E IDEOLOGICAL 5D BECOMES A WEAPON = SECUR+ ! REAL 5D1 BECOMES ONLY 
AN 9/RUM5T 9 A QUITE REALI/IC & WELL-9TEGRAT$ ACTIVITY4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! 5DS-&-MEANS PROBLEM EXCIT$ ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T 
CONSID]ABLY & EXPLA9S 9 P>T :Y ! REAL *>ACT] ( ?AT MOVEM5T WAS 
RECOGNIZ$ SO SL[LY & :Y ILLUSIONS FL\RI%$ AS TO ! POSSIBILITIES ( 
RE=M+ IT4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ATTEMPT TO REVOLUTIONIZE ! OLD LABOR 
MOVEM5T WAS MADE :5 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ( #aie HAD 9T]RUPT$ ! 
EV]YDAY BUS9ESS 9 :I* ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS !N 5GAG$ & ! 
QUE/ION ( AN ACTUAL SOCIAL *ANGE CAME TO ! =E AGA94 ,BUT EV5 H]E1 9 
ITS APP>5T OPPOSITION1 ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T REVEAL$ ITS 9NATE 
CAPITALI/IC *>ACT]4 ,L59'S S]I\S ATTEMPTS TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( 
P[] L$ HIM /RAI<T BACK 9TO ! CAMP ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,?IS 
RESULT$ NOT ONLY FROM ! BACKW>D ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS1 BUT ALSO FROM ! 
!ORETICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,WE/]N SOCIALISM1 :I* HAD ONLY FUR!R EMPHASIZ$ 
! B\RGEOIS *>ACT] IT HAD 9H]IT$ FROM E>LI] REVOLUTIONS4 ,! 
CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T ALSO APPE>$ 9 ITS ECONOMIC !ORY1 
:I*1 FOLL[+ ! TR5D 9 B\RGEOIS ECONOMICS1 VIEW$ ! PROBLEMS ( 
SOCIETY MORE & MORE AS A QUE/ION ( DI/RIBUTION1 AS A M>KET PROBLEM4 ,EV5 
! REVOLUTION>Y ONSLAU<T ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 9 H] ,AKKUMULATION DES 
,KAPITALS AGA9/ ! 'REVISIONI/S' WAS /ILL AN >GUM5T ON 
! LEVEL E/ABLI%$ BY H] ANTAGONI/S4 ,%E1 TOO1 D$UC$ ! LIMITATIONS ( 
! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MA9LY FROM ITS 9ABILITY1 BECAUSE ( LIMIT$ 
M>KETS1 TO REALIZE ! SURPLUS VALUE4 ,NOT ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ! 
SPH]E ( CIRCULATION SEEM$ ( PR$OM9ANT IMPORTANCE1 DET]M9+ ! LIFE 
& DEA? ( CAPITALISM4 

,H[EV]1 FROM ! PRE-W> LEFT 7:I* 9CLUD$ ,LUXEMBURG1 
,LIEBKNE*T1 ,PANNEKOEK & ,GORT]71 C\PL$ ) ! ACTUAL /RUGGLES ( WORK]S 
9 MASS /RIKES 9 ! ,EA/ AS WELL AS ! ,WE/1 !RE >OSE A MOVEM5T DUR+ 
! W> :I* CONT9U$ = A FEW YE>S AS A TRULY ANTI-CAPITALI/IC TR5D & 
F\ND ITS ORGANIZATIONAL EXPRESSION 9 V>I\S ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN & 
ANTI-TRADE UNION GR\PS 9 A NUMB] ( C\NTRIES4 ,9 ITS BEG9N+S & DESPITE 
ALL ITS 9CONSI/5CIES1 ?IS MOVEM5T WAS FROM ! \TSET /RICTLY OPPOS$ TO 
! :OLE ( CAPITALISM1 AS WELL AS TO ! :OLE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT 
WAS A P>T ( ! SY/EM4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! ASSUMPTION ( P[] BY A P>TY 
MEANT ONLY A *ANGE ( EXPLOIT]S1 IT PROCLAIM$ ?AT SOCIETY MU/ BE 
CONTROLL$ DIRECTLY BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,! OLD SLOGANS ( 
ABOLITION ( ! CLASSES1 ABOLITION ( ! WAGE SY/EM1 ABOLITION ( CAPITAL 
PRODUCTION1 CEAS$ TO BE SLOGANS & BECAME ! IMM$IATE 5DS ( ! NEW 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,NOT A NEW RUL+ GR\P 9 SOCIETY1 WILL+ TO ACT '= ! 
WORK]S' &1 ) ?IS P[]1 ABLE TO ACT AGA9/ !M1 WAS !IR AIM1 
BUT ! DIRECT CONTROL BY ! WORK]S OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ?R\< AN 
ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION SECUR+ ?IS CONTROL4 ,!SE GR\PS.<#d.> REFUS$ TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! 
DIFF]5T P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS1 BUT SAW 9 !M REMA9S ( A PA/ /AGE ( 
/RUGGLES )9 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,!Y W]E NO LONG] 9T]E/$ 9 
BR++ NEW LIFE TO ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS1 BUT 9 MAK+ KN[N ! NE$ = 
ORGANIZATIONS NOT ONLY ( 5TIRELY DIFF]5T *>ACT] - CLASS 
ORGANIZATION CAPABLE ( *ANG+ SOCIETY1 BUT CAPABLE ALSO ( ORGANIZ+ 
! NEW SOCIETY 9 SU* MANN] AS TO MAKE EXPLOITATION IMPOSSIBLE4 

,:AT REMA9S ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 AS F> AS IT F\ND P]MAN5T ORGANIZATIONAL 
EXPRESSION1 EXI/S TODAY UND] ! NAME ( ,GR\PS ( ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S4 ,!Y 
CONSID] !MSELVES ,M>XI/ & ) ?AT1 9T]NATIONALI/S4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT 
ALL PROBLEMS ( TODAY >E 9T]NATIONAL PROBLEMS1 !Y REFUSE TO ?9K 9 
NATIONALI/IC T]MS1 CONT5D+ ?AT ALL SPECIAL NATIONAL CONSID]ATIONS S]VE 
ONLY CAPITALI/IC COMPETITIVE NE$S4 ,9 !IR [N 9T]E/S ! WORK]S MU/ 
DEVELOP ! =CES ( PRODUCTION FUR!R1 A CONDITION :I* PRESUPPOSES A 
CONSEQU5T 9T]NATIONALISM4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS POSITION DOES NOT OV]LOOK NATIONAL 
PECULI>ITIES & !RE=E DOES NOT LEAD TO ATTEMPTS TO PURSUE ID5TICAL 
POLICIES 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,EA* NATIONAL GR\P MU/ BASE ITS ACTIVITIES 
ON AN UND]/&+ ( ITS SURR\ND+S1 )\T 9T]F]5CE FROM ANY O!R 
GR\P1 ?\< ! EX*ANGE ( EXP]I5CES IS EXPECT$ TO LEAD TO CO-ORD9AT$ 
ACTIVITIES :]EV] POSSIBLE4 ,!SE GR\PS >E ,M>XI/ BECAUSE !RE HAS NOT AS 
YET DEVELOP$ A SOCIAL SCI5CE SUP]IOR TO ?AT ORIG9AT$ BY ,M>X1 & BECAUSE 
! ,M>XIAN PR9CIPLES ( SCI5TIFIC RESE>* /ILL >E ! MO/ REALI/IC & 
ALL[ 9CORPORATION ( NEW EXP]I5CES GR[+ \T ( CONT9U+ CAPITALI/IC 
DEVELOPM5T4 ,M>XISM IS NOT CONCEIV$ AS A CLOS$ SY/EM1 BUT AS ! PRES5T 
/ATE ( A GR[+ SOCIAL SCI5CE CAPABLE ( S]V+ AS A !ORY ( ! 
PRACTICAL CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S4 

,SO F> ! MA9 FUNCTIONS ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS CONSI/$ ( CRITIQUE4 
,H[EV]1 ?IS CRITIQUE IS NO LONG] DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! CAPITALISM ?AT 
EXI/$ AT ! TIME ( ,M>X4 ,IT 9CLUDES A CRITIQUE ( ?AT TRANS=MATION ( 
CAPITALISM :I* APPE>S UND] ! NAME ( 'SOCIALISM'4 ,CRITIQUE 
& PROPAG&A >E ! ONLY PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES POSSIBLE TODAY1 & !IR 
APP>5T FRUITLESSNESS ONLY REFLECTS AN APP>5T NON-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 
,! DECL9E ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T1 9VOLV+ ! DIFFICULTY & EV5 
IMPOSSIBILITY ( BR++ =? A NEW ONE1 IS A LAM5TABLE PROSPECT ONLY = 
! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T2 IT IS NEI!R HAIL$ NOR BEWAIL$ BY ! ,GR\PS ( 
,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S1 BUT SIMPLY RECOGNIZ$ AS A FACT4 ,! LATT] RECOGNIZE ALSO 
?AT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T *ANGES NO?+ ( ! 
SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE2 ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE MU/ CONT9UE1 & WILL BE 
=C$ TO OP]ATE ON ! BASIS ( GIV5 POSSIBILITIES4 0,A CLASS 9 :I* 
! REVOLUTION>Y 9T]E/S ( SOCIETY >E CONC5TRAT$1 SO SOON AS IT HAS 
RIS5 UP1 F9DS DIRECTLY 9 ITS [N SITUATION ! CONT5T & ! MAT]IAL ( 
ITS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY3 FOES TO BE LAID L[2 MEASURES 7DICTAT$ BY ! 
NE$S ( ! /RUGGLE7 TO BE TAK52 ! CONSEQU5CES ( ITS [N DE$S TO DRIVE 
IT ON4 ,IT MAKES NO !ORETICAL 9QUIRIES 9TO ITS [N TASK40.<#e.> ,EV5 A FASCI/ SOCIETY CANNOT 5D 
CLASS /RUGGLES - ! FASCI/ WORK]S WILL BE =C$ TO *ANGE ! 
RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,H[EV]1 !RE IS ACTUALLY NO SU* ?+ AS A FASCI/ 
SOCIETY JU/ AS !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,BO? >E ONLY 
DIFF]5T /AGES ( ! SAME SOCIETY1 NEI!R HI<] NOR L[]1 BUT SIMPLY 
DIFF]5T1 AS A RESULT ( %IFTS ( CLASS =CES )9 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 
:I* HAVE !IR BASIS 9 A NUMB] ( ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS4 

,! ,GR\PS ( ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S RECOGNIZE ALSO ?AT NO REAL SOCIAL *ANGE 
IS POSSIBLE UND] PRES5T CONDITIONS UNLESS ! ANTI-CAPITALI/IC =CES GR[ 
/RONG] ?AN ! PRO-CAPITALI/ =CES1 & ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO 
ORGANIZE ANTI-CAPITALI/IC =CES ( SU* A /R5G? )9 
CAPITALI/IC RELATIONS4 ,FROM ! ANALYSIS ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY & FROM A 
/UDY ( PREVI\S CLASS /RUGGLES IT CONCLUDES ?AT SPONTANE\S ACTIONS ( 
DISSATISFI$ MASSES WILL1 9 ! PROCESS ( !IR REBELLION1 CREATE !IR [N 
ORGANIZATIONS1 & ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 >IS+ \T ( ! SOCIAL 
CONDITIONS1 ALONE CAN 5D ! PRES5T SOCIAL >RANGEM5T4 ,! QUE/ION ( 
ORGANIZATION AS DISCUSS$ TODAY IS REG>D$ AS A SUP]FLU\S QUE/ION1 AS ! 
5T]PRISES1 PUBLIC WORKS1 RELIEF /ATIONS1 >MIES 9 ! COM+ W>1 >E 
SUFFICI5T ORGANIZATIONS TO ALL[ = MASS ACTION-ORGANIZATIONS :I* CANNOT BE 
ELIM9AT$ REG>DLESS ( :AT *>ACT] CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MAY ASSUME4 

,AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL FRAME = ! NEW SOCIETY IS PROPOS$ A C\NCIL 
ORGANIZATION BAS$ ON 9DU/RY & ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS1 & ! ADOPTION ( 
! SOCIAL AV]AGE LABOR TIME AS A MEASUREM5T = PRODUCTION1 REPRODUCTION 
& DI/RIBUTION 9 SO F> AS MEASUREM5TS >E NECESS>Y TO SECURE ECONOMIC 
EQUALITY DESPITE ! EXI/+ DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,?IS SOCIETY1 IT IS BELIEV$1 
WILL BE ABLE TO PLAN ITS PRODUCTION ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S & ! 5JOYM5T 
DESIR$ BY ! PEOPLE4 

,! ,GR\PS FUR!R REALIZE1 AS ALREADY /AT$1 ?AT SU* A SOCIETY CAN 
FUNCTION ONLY ) ! DIRECT P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK]S 9 ALL DECISIONS 
NECESS>Y2 ITS CONCEPT ( SOCIALISM IS UNREALIZABLE ON ! BASIS ( A 
SEP>ATION BETWE5 WORK]S & ORGANIZ]S4 ,! ,GR\PS DO NOT CLAIM TO BE ACT+ 
= ! WORK]S1 BUT CONSID] !MSELVES AS ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS :O HAVE1 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R1 RECOGNIZ$ EVOLUTION>Y 
TR5DS T[>DS CAPITALISM'S D[NFALL1 & :O ATTEMPT TO CO-ORD9ATE ! 
PRES5T ACTIVITIES ( ! WORK]S TO ?AT 5D4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT !Y >E NO MORE 
?AN PROPAG&A GR\PS1 ABLE ONLY TO SUGGE/ NECESS>Y C\RSES ( ACTION1 BUT 
UNABLE TO P]=M !M 9 ! '9T]E/ ( ! CLASS'4 ,?IS ! 
CLASS HAS TO DO ITSELF4 ,! PRES5T FUNCTIONS ( ! ,GR\PS1 ?\< RELAT$ TO 
! P]SPECTIVES ( ! FUTURE1 ATTEMPT TO BASE !MSELVES 5TIRELY ON ! 
PRES5T NE$S ( ! WORK]S4 ,ON ALL OCCASIONS1 !Y TRY TO FO/] 
SELF-9ITIATIVE & SELF-ACTION ( ! WORK]S4 ,! ,GR\PS P>TICIPATE :]EV] 
POSSIBLE 9 ANY ACTION ( ! WORK+ POPULATION1 NOT PROPOS+ A SEP>ATE 
PROGRAM1 BUT ADOPT+ ! PROGRAM ( ?OSE WORK]S & 5DEAVOR+ TO 
9CREASE ! DIRECT P>TICIPATION ( ?OSE WORK]S1 9 ALL DECISIONS4 ,!Y 
DEMON/RATE 9 WORD & DE$ ?AT ! LABOR MOVEM5T MU/ FO/] ITS [N 
9T]E/S EXCLUSIVELY2 ?AT SOCIETY AS A :OLE CANNOT TRULY EXI/ UNTIL CLASSES 
>E ABOLI%$2 ?AT ! WORK]S1 CONSID]+ NO?+ BUT !IR SPECIFIC1 MO/ 
IMM$IATE 9T]E/S1 MU/ & DO ATTACK ALL ! O!R CLASSES & 9T]E/S ( 
! EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETY2 ?AT !Y CAN DO NO WRONG AS LONG AS !Y DO :AT 
HELPS !M ECONOMICALLY & SOCIALLY2 ?AT ?IS IS POSSIBLE ONLY AS LONG AS 
!Y DO ?IS !MSELVES2 ?AT !Y MU/ BEG9 TO SOLVE !IR AFFAIRS TODAY & 
SO PREP>E !MSELVES TO SOLVE ! EV5 MORE URG5T PROBLEMS ( ! MORR[4 

,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,SEE 
,ECONOMIC ,PLANN+ & ,LABOR ,PLANS 7,P>IS3 ,9T]NATIONAL 
,F$]ATION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 #a#i#c#f74 

#b4 ,SEE 
,K>L ,M>X BY ,K>L ,KORS*4 ,A RE-/ATEM5T ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT 
PR9CIPLES & CONT5TS ( ,M>X'S SOCIAL SCI5CE4 7,NEW ,YORK1 ,JOHN ,WILEY1 
#a#i#c#h47 

#c4 ,J4 ,H>P]1 
0,G5]AL ,REM>KS ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,ORGANIZATION01 
,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#c#h1 P #a#e#c4 

#d4 
',LEFT'1 OR WORK]S' COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 TRACE !IR 
E>LIE/ BEG9N+S TO ! LEFT OPPOSITION DEVELOP+ 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ & 
,COMMUNI/ P>TIES BE=E1 DUR+ & %ORTLY AFT] ! W>1 ,!IR CONCEPTS ( 
DIRECT WORK]S' CONTROL ASSUM$ REAL SIGNIFICANCE ) ! COM+ ( 
'SOVIETS' 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! %OP /EW>DS 9 ,5GL& 
DUR+ ! W>1 & ! WORK]S' FACTORY DELEGATES 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! 
W>1 & ! WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' C\NCILS AFT] ! W>4 ,!SE 
GR\PS W]E EXPELL$ FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#i#b4 ,L59'S 
PAMPHLET1 ,LEFT ,W+ ,COMMUNISM ,AN ,9FANTILE ,DISORD] 7#a#i#b71 WAS 
WRITT5 TO DE/ROY ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE GR\PS 9 WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,!SE 
GR\PS CONSID]$ ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICIES C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y AS REG>DS ! 
CLASS 9T]E/S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS1 & IT WAS DEFEAT$ BY ?IS 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION :I* COMB9$ ) ! RE=MI/ MOVEM5T & ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS PROP] TO DE/ROY ! FIR/ BEG9N+S ( A RADICAL MOVEM5T 
DIRECT$ AGA9/ ALL =MS ( CAPITALISM4 ,:AT /ILL REMA9S ( ?IS MOVEM5T 
TODAY >E SMALL GR\PS 9 ,AM]ICA1 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL&1 ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM UNABLE 
TO DO MORE ?AN PROPAG&A WORK 9FLU5C+ EXTREMELY SMALL GR\PS ( 
WORK]S4 

#e4 ,K>L ,M>X1 
,! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLES 9 ,FRANCE1 #a#h#d#h-#e4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/