,COMP>E & ,CONTRA/ ,CLASSICAL ,AN>*ISM ) ,AN>*ISM ,AFT] #aide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BURN ,%IT 

,TEXT 3 

,EV] S9CE ,PI]RE ,PR\DHON'S ',DIALOGUE ,) A ,PHILI/9E' 9 ',:AT IS ,PROP]TY'1 9 :I* HE BECAME ! FIR/ POLITICAL PHILOSOPH] TO DECL>E HIMSELF1 '79 ! FULL =CE ( ! T]M7 AN AN>*I/'1 AN>*ISM HAS FL\RI%$ 9TO A SELF-AW>E IDEOLOGY & POLITICAL MOVEM5T ?AT HAS HAD A PR(\ND 9FLU5CE ON ! BROAD] WORK]S' MOVEM5T & ! CLASS /RUGGLES ( ! LA/ TWO C5TURIES4 ,AN>*I/ !ORY HAS DEVELOP$ OV] TIME & CAN N[ BE CATEGORIZ$ & SUB-CATEGORIZ$ 9TO A MULTITUDE ( !ORETICAL V>IANTS1 ALL ( :I* %>E A COMMON 9CR$ULITY T[>DS C5TRAL GOV]NM5T & ! /ATE4 ,! CLASSICAL AN>*ISM ?AT 9SPIR$ ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTIONS 9 ,CATALONIA DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 AS WELL AS ! ANTI-/ATI/ COMMUNISM SPREAD BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO'S ,BLACK ,>MY 9 ,UKRA9E AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS EVOLV$ RAPIDLY S9CE ! 5D ( ,W,W,I,I1 ) *ANGES 9 !ORY & PRAXIS CORRESPOND+ DIRECTLY ) *ANGES 9 ! NATURE & E?OS ( CAPITALISM ITSELF1 9 ! TRANS=MATION ( P[] RELATION%IPS & 9 ! *ANG+ ROLE ( ! /ATE 9 MOD]N TIMES4 ,AN>*I/ DISC\RSE HAS ADAPT$ TO ! FLUCTUATIONS ( GLOBAL CAPITAL4 ,FROM ! /AGES ( E>LY 9DU/RIALIZATION & CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM ?R\< TO ,KEYNESIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ,FRI$MANITE NEO-LIB]ALISM1 AN>*ISM HAS REF9$ ITS CONCEPTS & ME?ODS & CONT9UES TO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 TODAY'S ,NEW ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS & EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y1 DIRECT ACTION POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS4 ,PO/-#a#i#d#e AN>*I/ ?\<T HAS BE5 9FLU5C$ HEAVILY BY O!R /R&S ( PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL CRITIQUE 9CLUD+ PO/-/RUCTURALISM1 PO/-MOD]NISM1 RADICAL FEM9ISM1 5VIRONM5TALISM & ECOLOGY1 AUTONOMISM1 PO/-LEFTISM1 'SITUATIONISM' & ! NEO-,M>XISM ( ! ,FRANKFURT S*OOL1 ALL ( :I* HAVE !IR [N CRITIQUES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY & HAVE HELP$ ALT] ! FOCUS & E/ABLI% NEW TR5DS 9 AN>*I/ !ORY1 MAK+ MOD]N AN>*ISM M>K$LY DIFF]5T FROM ITS CLASSICAL 9TELLECTUAL PR$ECESSOR4 

,TO BEG9 TO UND]/& ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CLASSICAL AN>*ISM & PO/-#a#i#d#e AN>*ISM1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO HAVE A HI/ORICAL OV]VIEW ( ! ORIG9S ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/ ?\<T & ! CLASS /RUGGLES & WORK]S MOVEM5TS ?AT W]E GALVANIZ$ BY ITS PROPON5TS4 ,CLASSICAL AN>*ISM EM]G$ \T ( ! TRADITIONS ( SECUL> ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T1 DRAW+ ON ! POLITICAL & MORAL PHILOSOPHY ( ,JEAN-,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU & ITS HEAVY FOCUS ON NOTIONS ( FRE$OM1 JU/ICE1 EQUALITY & A UTOPIAN VISION ( ! 'G5]AL WILL' EXPRESS$ ?R\< ! SOV]EIGNTY ( PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES UND] DIRECT RA!R ?AN REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 ,SOME PO/-#a#i#d#e /R&S ( AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ?9K]S SU* AS ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 HAVE *ALL5G$ ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T & ! UNIV]SALITIES & ESS5TIALISMS IT >\SES1 P>TICUL>LY ! ESS5TIALI/ T5ETS ESP\S$ BY SOME CLASSICAL AN>*I/S4 ,JU/ AS IT IS TODAY1 ) ! MA9/REAM PRESS P\R+ F]V5T DISDA9 & CONDEMNATION ON ! '?UGGI% & M9DLESS' TACTICS ( ',BLACK ,BLOC' AN>*I/S1 AN>*ISM S9CE ITS 9CEPTION HAS FREQU5TLY BE5 DISMISS$ AS A JUV5ILE & UTOPIAN MOVEM5T1 SYNONYM\S ) *AOS1 VIOL5CE & DISORD]4 ,DUR+ ! ,5GLI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! WORD 'AN>*I/' WAS US$ BY ,ROYALI/S AS A T]M ( D]ISION AGA9/ ,P>LIAM5T>IANS 9 ! ,NEW ,MODEL ,>MY4 ,OV] A C5TURY LAT]1 ! T]M WAS US$ POSITIVELY BY ,5RAGES & SANS-CULOTTES 9 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! PO/-REVOLUTION>Y C5TRALIZATION ( P[] 9/ITUT$ BY ! ,JACOB9S4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE HAV+ 5T]+ 9TO ! POLITICAL V]NACUL>1 AN>*ISM HAD NOT AT ?AT TIME EM]G$ AS A SEP>ATE IDEOLOGY & WAS YET TO DEF9E ITSELF AS A DI/9CT POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 9 HIS ,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA 5TRY = ',AN>*ISM' \TL9ES ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T & EVOLUTION ( AN>*I/ ?\<T1 TRAC+ IT BACK AS E>LY AS #dc ,B4,C4 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,>I/IPPUS1 :O1 'TAU<T ?AT ! WISE M5 MU/ NOT GIVE UP !IR LIB]TY TO ! ,/ATE1 & 9 REPLY TO A QUE/ION BY ,SOCRATES HE SAID ?AT HE DID NOT DESIRE TO BELONG EI!R TO ! GOV]N+ OR ! GOV]N$ CLASS4' ,KROPOTK9 !REBY DRAWS A HI/ORICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL L9K BETWE5 HIS [N PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS & WRIT+S FROM SEV]AL MILL5NIA PA/1 E/ABLI%+ A GR& 'META-N>RATIVE' & IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ?AT IS '/EEP$ 9 C5TURIES ( TRADITION' - ?IS IS A POSITION & 9TELLECTUAL PITFALL ?AT PROPON5TS ( MOD]N PO/-/RUCTURALI/ AN>*ISM 7OR PO/-AN>*ISM7 W\LD TAKE ISSUE )4 ,KROPOTK9 ALSO ACCR$ITS QUASI-RELIGI\S ,EA/]N ,TAOI/ PHILOSOPHY AS BE+ AN E>LY EXAMPLE ( UNCONSCI\SLY-AN>*I/ TEA*+4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,KROPOTK91 ! BEG9N+S ( AN>*ISM AS A SELF-AW>E BRAN* ( POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY LAY 9 ! WORKS ( ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 :O 9 HIS ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 'WAS ! FIR/ TO =MULATE ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CONCEPTIONS ( AN>*ISM1 EV5 ?\< HE DID NOT GIVE ?AT NAME TO ! IDEAS DEVELOP$ 9 HIS REM>KABLE WORK4' ,IT WAS ,PR\DHON :O LAT] ASCRIB$ ! T]M 'AN>*I/' TO ! IDEAS & CONCEPTS ESP\S$ BY ,GODW91 PLANT+ ! SE$S = ! BIR? ( ! MASS MOVEM5T & MATURE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 

,! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i? C5TURY W]E (T5 DOM9AT$ BY AN>*I/S1 BUT !IR GR[? WAS /UNT$ & SUPPORT WAN$ AFT] ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA PROVID$ LEFTI/ REVOLUTION>IES ) A BA/ION ( 'ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALISM' & 'WORK]S' P[]' :I* HAD ! POT5TIAL - & \TW>D V5E] - ( PHYSICALLY EMBODY+ !IR AB/RACT POLITICAL DESIRES4 ,! ,M>XI/ HI/ORIAN ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM COMM5TS ?AT AL?\<1 '9 ! G5]ATION AFT] #a#i#a#g1 ,BOL%EVISM ABSORB$ ALL O!R SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS1 OR PU%$ !M ON TO ! M>G9 ( RADICAL MOVEM5TS444 ,BE=E #aiad AN>*ISM HAD BE5 F> MORE ( A DRIV+ IDEOLOGY ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S ?AN ,M>XISM OV] L>GE P>TS ( ! WORLD4' ,CLASSICAL AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/ REVOLUTION>IES HAVE NEV] SE5 EYE TO EYE4 ,DESPITE !IR MUTUAL 5?USIASM = ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM & %>$ LONG+ = A WORK]S' REVOLT1 !IR QU>RELS LAY 9 !IR DIFF]+ CONCEPTIONS ( SOCIETY AFT] ! REVOLUTION & WIDELY V>Y+ VIEWS ON H[ BE/ TO BR+ AB\T ?IS REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/S DISMISS$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY AS A CAPITULATION TO B\RGEOIS POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & LAMBA/$ ! SOCIALI/ 'TRANSITIONAL PHASE' EXP\ND$ BY ,M>X1 RIDICUL+ ! NAIVETY ( ! ASS]TION ?AT ! /ATE W\LD - AFT] A P]IOD ( PROLET>IAN GOV]NM5T & ! SUPPRESSION ( B\RGEOIS =CES - SIMPLY 'WI!R AWAY'4 ,! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,A7 W]E *>ACT]IZ$ BY 9FI<T+ & SPLITS BETWE5 ADH]5TS TO /ATI/ SOCIALISM & LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVI/ FACTIONS C5T]$ >\ND ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN94 ,AN>*I/S DI/ANC$ !MSELVES FROM ! AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES ( ,M>XISM1 OPPOS+ ANY C5TRALIZ$ 'DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4' ,M>XI/S 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ACCUS$ !M ( BE+ 'UTOPIANS' & LAT]1 'PETTY-B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALI/S' ) 'AN 9FANTILE DISORD]'- 9ITIAT+ A DIVISION BETWE5 /ATI/ & NON-/ATI/ SECTIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT ?AT LA/ UNTIL ?IS DAY4 ,BAKUN91 AN 9FLU5TIAL FIGURE 9 CLASSICAL AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY1 PO9T$ \T ! FALLACY ( ANY HYPO!TICAL P>LIAM5T>Y ROAD TO SOCIALISM1 /RESS+ ! CONTEMPTU\SNESS ( VANGU>DS LEAD BY1 'PSEUDO-REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITIES' & HI]>*ICALLY-/RUCTUR$ POLITICAL P>TIES CLAIM+ TO REPRES5T ! 9T]E/ ( ! MASSES4 ,HE LAUN*$ DEVA/AT+ 9DICTM5TS ( ! ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS & /RATEGY = *ANGE1 WRIT+ ?AT = !M1 'ONLY A DICTATOR%IP--!IR DICTATOR%IP1 ( C\RSE--CAN CREATE ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE1 :ILE \R ANSW] TO ?IS IS3 ,NO DICTATOR%IP CAN HAVE ANY O!R AIM BUT ?AT ( SELF-P]PETUATION1 & IT CAN BEGET ONLY SLAV]Y 9 ! PEOPLE TOL]AT+ IT2 FRE$OM CAN BE CREAT$ ONLY BY FRE$OM1 ?AT IS1 BY A UNIV]SAL REBELLION ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE & FREE ORGANIZATION ( ! TOIL+ MASSES FROM ! BOTTOM UP4' ,BUT CLASSICAL AN>*ISM DID NOT JU/ EXI/ AS A NEGATIVE CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM1 SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY OR /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,AN>*I/S AFFIRM$ RADICAL LIB]T>IAN VALUES ?AT REJECT$ ALL GOV]NM5TAL AU?ORITY1 CALL+ = ! COMPLETE ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 ITS >M$ W+S ( ! POLICE & >MY & ITS C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,P[] W\LD BE COMPLETELY DEC5TRALIZ$ & ABSOLUTE SOV]EIGNTY WAS TO LIE ) F$]AT$ WORK]S' C\NCILS & NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES1 BYPASS+ ! M$IAT+ REPRES5TATIVE P[] S\<T BY P>TIES ( LEFT & RI<T & 9/ITUT+ DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,! UNBRIDGEABLE GAP BETWE5 CLASSICAL AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ ?\<T HAS CONT9U$ UNTIL PRES5T DAY1 AS MOD]N AN>*I/S FREQU5TLY ASS]T !IR OPPOSITION TO TODAY'S ,TROTSKYI/ & OLD-/YLE ,/AL9I/ P>TIES ( ! 'REVOLUTION>Y LEFT'1 PROVID+ A DIRECT ACTION ALT]NATIVE TO !IR P>TY POLITICAL /RATEGIES1 :I* ALL TOO (T5 9VOLVE A RE-HA% ( ! OLD ,L59I/ TACTICS ( P>TY-BUILD+1 FOCUS+ 5TIRELY ON A QUANTITATIVE GR[? 9 MEMB]%IP1 SELL+ NEWSPAP]S OR '! P>TY ORGANS' & UNSUCCESSFUL ELECTIONE]+4 

,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ! FIR/ MANIFE/ATION ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM AS A FULLY-DEVELOP$ SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,IT W\LD LAT] HAVE A PR(\ND 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 AS ! GRASSROOTS MEMB]%IP ( ! HORIZONTALLY-/RUCTUR$ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS1 ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T7 & ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA TOOK OV] 9DU/RIES1 WORKPLACES & ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS & S]VICES 9 ,B>CELONA & RURAL T[NS ACROSS ,SPA91 ':]E9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E COMMONLY [N$ & MANAG$ BY ?OSE :O WORK !M1 :]E EV]YONE WILL+ TO PRODUCE HAS FREE ACCESS TO !M1 & :]E ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E MONOPOLIZ$ NEI!R BY ! PRIVATE ,CAPITALI/ NOR BY ! GOV]NM5T4' ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #ahga PROVID$ ! FIR/ LIV+ VISION ( A P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY1 & = ,M>X1 '! POLITICAL =M AT LA/ DISCOV]$444 TO WORK \T ! ECONOMICAL EMANCIPATION ( LABOR' ?AT AN>*I/S1 ,M>XI/S & SOCIALI/S W\LD ATTEMPT TO APPROPRIATE AS P>T ( !IR [N MOVEM5TS & HI/ORIES1 EI!R AS ! FIR/ EXAMPLE ( ! 'DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT' OR AS AN E>LY >*ETYPE ( A SPONTANE\SLY-ORGANIZ$ & ORGANIC F$]ATION ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,! ,COMMUNE SET A PREC$5T = ALL ! SUCCESSIVE REVOLUTIONS1 EXI/+ )\T A TOP-D[N COMM& /RUCTURE 9/ITUT$ BY A POLITICAL P>TY & CONFIRM+ ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S' HYPO!SIS ?AT 'TRANSITIONAL PHASES' & REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5TS W]E UNNECESS>Y & UNDESIRABLE4 ,! ,COMMUNE C]TA9LY FITS MORE NEATLY 9TO ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ P>ADIGM = SOCIAL *ANGE ?AN ! ,M>XI/ ONE1 & ,M>X W\LD LAT] CRITICIZE ! ,COMMUNE = ITS LACK ( C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION & =C$ CONSCRIPTION1 :I* L$ TO ! DEF9ITIVE ,/ATI/-,LIB]T>IAN SPLIT 9 ! ,HAGUE CONGRESS ( ! ,I,W,A4 ,P>TICIPANTS 9 ! ,COMMUNE ACT$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY BUREAUCRATIC /ATE 9/ITUTION1 ORGANIZ+ AUTONOM\SLY & IMM$IATELY DISB&+ ! EXI/+ /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,! ,COMMUNE DID NOT COLLAPSE BECAUSE ( ITS [N 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS - LIKE ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 IT WAS DEFEAT$ BY EXT]NAL REACTION>Y =CES1 BUT ITS LIV+ EXAMPLE WAS AN AFFIRMATION ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/ VALUES4 

,FROM ITS 9CEPTION ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS FAC$ 9T5SE P]SECUTION & /ATE REPRESSION4 ,EV5 9 ! NEWLY E/ABLI%$ 'WORK]S' /ATES'1 ! AN>*I/ 5CLAVES ( ! ,FREE ,T]RITORY ( ,UKRA9E W]E QUA%$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,R$ ,>MY AFT] #a#i#a#g4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 A WAVE ( T]RORI/ BOMB+S & ASSASS9ATIONS 9SPIR$ BY ,BAKUN9'S 'PROPAG&A ( ! DE$' L$ TO MASS >RE/S AS AN>*ISM 9 ! LATE N9ETE5? & E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURIES BECAME '! 5EMY )9' B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACIES4 ,E*OES ( ?IS REPRESSION 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY >E OBVI\S1 AS BO? LIB]AL & AU?ORIT>IAN GOV]NM5TS KEEP ACTIVI/S UND] CON/ANT SURVEILLANCE1 GA!R+ 9TELLIG5CE ON PROTE/]S & 9FILTRAT+ AN>*I/ GR\PS ) AG5T PROVOCATEURS TO QUA% ANY S]I\S ?REAT TO ! /ATUS QUO4 ,9 #a#h#i#d1 ! AN>*I/ ,VAILLANT EXPLOD$ A BOMB 9 ! ,P>IS ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES4 ,BE=E RECEIV+ HIS V]DICT HE DELIV]$ AN ELOQU5T V9DICATION ( HIS ACTIONS ?AT WAS LAT] QUOT$ BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 9 H] WORK1 ,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE3 ',G5TLEM51 9 A FEW M9UTES Y\ >E TO DEAL Y\R BL[1 BUT 9 RECEIV+ Y\R V]DICT ,I %ALL HAVE AT LEA/ ! SATISFACTION ( HAV+ W\ND$ ! EXI/+ SOCIETY444 ,I C>RI$ ?IS BOMB TO ?OSE :O >E PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = SOCIAL MIS]Y444 ,HAIL TO HIM :O LABORS1 BY NO MATT] :AT MEANS1 = 7SOCIETIES'7 TRANS=MATION6' ,! TACTICS ( 9SURRECTIONALI/ T]RORISM C>RI$ \T BY SOME AN>*I/S W]E NOT ADOPT$ NOR SUPPORT$ BY ! MOVEM5T HOMOG5\SLY1 & SOME CONDEMN$ !M ) ! SAME VIGOR AS ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,AN>*O-PACIFI/S SU* AS ,LEO ,TOL/OY W]E QUICK TO D5\NCE ACTS ( VIOL5CE ON ! BASIS ?AT ! V]Y ESS5CE ( AN>*ISM1 ! ABOLITION ( =CE & CO]CION1 WAS COMPROMIS$ & CONTRADICT$ BY ITS USE4 ,TOL/OY EV5 W5T AS F> AS TO REJECT ! IDEA ( REVOLUTION & IMAG9$ AN>*ISM AS A F> MORE P]SONAL PROCESS ( 9N] *ANGE & MORAL REJUV5ATION4 ',! ,AN>*I/S >E RI<T 9 EV]Y?+2 9 ! NEGATION ( ! EXI/+ ORD]444 ,!Y >E MI/AK5 ONLY 9 ?9K+ ?AT ,AN>*Y CAN BE 9/ITUT$ BY A REVOLUTION444 ,!RE CAN BE ONLY ONE P]MAN5T REVOLUTION--A MORAL ONE3 ! REG5]ATION ( ! 9N] MAN4' ,! ,9DIAN 9DEP5D5CE LEAD]1 ,MOH&AS ,G&HI DESCRIB$ ,TOL/OY AS1 '! GREATE/ APO/LE ( NONVIOL5CE ?AT ! PRES5T AGE HAS PRODUC$' & ,TOL/OY'S WRIT+S W\LD LAT] HAVE A HUGE 9FLU5CE ON SUCCESSIVE G5]ATIONS ( ACTIVI/S ADOPT+ TACTICS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! /ATE & CAPITAL4 

,9T]NAL IDEOLOGICAL BATTLES & DISAGREEM5TS OV] TACTICS & /RATEGY1 NOT LEA/ ! RECURR+ >GUM5TS OV] VIOL5CE1 HAVE 5SUR$ ?AT PO/-#a#i#d#e AN>*ISM1 AS MU* AS CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 IS NOT A COHESIVE1 UNI=M MOVEM5T1 BUT A HET]OG5E\S AMALGAMATION ( GR\PS ) DIFF]+ VIEWS ON H[ TO *ALL5GE CAPITALISM & BUILD VIABLE ALT]NATIVES TO IT4 ,! EV5TS ( ! LA/ C5TURY HAVE ONLY S]V$ TO EXAC]BATE ! SECT>IAN T5SIONS & DIVISION BETWE5 ! V>I\S /RIPES ( AN>*I/S4 ,! CLASSICAL AN>*ISM ( ,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 & O!RS WAS BORNE ( A TIME ( E>LY 9DU/RIALIZATION & LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM1 & AN>*ISM'S !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL FOCUS HAS DEVELOP$ 9 CONCURR5CE ) DEVELOPM5TS 9 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM S9CE ! ]A ( ECONOMIC LIB]ALISM 9SPIR$ BY ,ADAM ,SMI?4 ,! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION ( #aibi 7& SOME SAY ! GEOPOLITICAL 9FLU5CE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION7 L$ TO ! ADOPTION ( MORE 9T]V5TIONI/ SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ECONOMIC POLICIES ?AT REPRES5T$ A TACIT CONCESSION>Y COMPROMISE ( ! B\RGEOISIE ) ! DEM&S ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 ,KEYNESIAN ECONOMIC MODELS W]E ADOPT$ BY LIB]AL-DEMOCRATIC CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS AS ! ',WA%+TON CONS5SUS' GU>ANTE$ ?AT C5T]-LEFT & C5T]-RI<T GOV]NM5TS ALIKE W\LD PROVIDE A M9IMUM SOCIAL SAFETY NET & PAT]NALI/IC 'WELF>E /ATE' TO ! W>-RAVAG$ CITIZ5S ( ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,) FREE /ATE-RUN HEAL?C>E & $UCATION1 B5EFITS & UNEMPLOYM5T PAY\TS1 ALONG ) GOV]NM5T LEGISLATION PROTECT+ TRADE UNION RI<TS 9 A SORT ( HI/ORIC COMPROMISE BETWE5 LABOR1 CAPITAL & ! /ATE1 AN>*ISM BEGAN TO LOSE ITS RELEVANCE SOME:AT 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ ECONOMIES1 ) ! ONLY REAL LIV+ EXAMPLE ( AN ALT]NATIVE BE+ ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACIES ( ! ,EA/]N ,BLOC4 ',! ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAD BECOME SO FRAGM5T$ BY ! LATE FIFTIES & SIXTIES ?AT HI/ORIANS ( AN>*ISM W]E S\ND+ ITS DEA? KNELL4' ,COMMUNISM AS IT WAS IMPLEM5T$ 9 ! ,U,S,S,R HAD BECOME ! MO/ POPUL> & ATTRACTIVE IDEOLOGY = SELF-/YL$ REVOLUTION>IES1 BUT AS PEOPLE 5JOY$ ! B5EFITS ( A PO/W> BOOM 9 WELF>E-/ATI/ MIX$ ECONOMIES1 AS WELL AS ! COMM& ECONOMIES ( ! ,EA/1 MEMB]%IP 9 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS SU* AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD SLUMP$ & 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM DECL9$4 ,! ,M>XI/ DIALECTIC SEEM$ TO HAVE COME TO A HALT - ! 'IMMIS]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT' CAUS$ BY CAPITALI/ COMPETITION HAD NOT OCCURR$1 ! CATACLYSMIC WORLD REVOLUTION ?AT BO? ! AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S HAD HOP$ = HAD NOT COME AB\T1 & IF ANY?+ ! MASSES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,WE/1 W]E UND]GO+ A PROCESS ( 'B\RGEOISIFICATION'4 ,! PO/W> AN>*I/ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 COMM5DS ,M>X'S ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL >*-RIVAL1 ,BAKUN91 = ACCURATELY PROPHESY+ ?IS TR5D S9CE1 'HE NEV] RECEIV$ ! CR$IT DUE TO HIM = PR$ICT+ ! EMB\RGEOISEM5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY1' & REJECT+ ! OLD IDEA ( ! PROLET>IAT AS ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y CLASS1 9/EAD PO/ULAT+ ?AT ! MO/ LIKELY MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y AGITATORS W\LD BE ! 'URBAN DECLASSES1 ! RURAL & URBAN LUMP5 ELEM5TS ,M>X SO HE>TILY DESPIS$' - AS ,NEW ,LEFT ?9K]S1 ,M>CUSE & ICONS ( SIXTIES REVOLT W\LD ALSO CONT5D4 ,\T ( ! WILD]NESS ( A DY+ BR& ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/ ?\<T1 ) ITS FOCUS ON WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION & 9DU/RIAL-PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 AN>*ISM 5JOY$ A RESURG5CE 9 NEW =MS ?AT EXPRESS$ !MSELVES 9 ! C\NT]CULTURE & Y\? MOVEM5TS ( ! SIXTIES1 CLIMAX+ 9 ! /UD5T RIOTS ( ,MAY #aifh & GO+ ON TO 9SPIRE NEW WAVES ( ACTIVI/S 9 LATT] HALF ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,KROPOTK9'S EMOTIVE DESCRIPTIONS (1 'NE$Y & />V+' WORK]S &1 'WIVES & *ILDR5 9 RAGS1 LIV+ ONE NOT KN[S H[ TILL ! FA!R'S RETURN' HAD LESS RESONANCE 9 AN AGE ( ECONOMIC & MAT]IAL PROSP]ITY1 9 :I* !RE W]E E*OES ( TRU? - ALBEIT SMALL - 9 LEAD]S' SELF-CONGRATULATORY PROCLAMATIONS ?AT WE - 9 G5]ALIZ$ T]MS ( WEAL? - HAD1 'NEV] HAD IT SO GOOD'4 ,BUT NEW PATT]NS 9 AN>*I/ ANALYSIS EM]G$ ?AT EXPRESS$ AN 9T5SE DISSATISFACTION ) ?IS PROSP]\S MODEL ( ADVANC$ CONSUM]-CAPITALISM2 ! ALI5ATION1 FRU/RATION1 APA?Y1 M$IATION & SEP>ATION BETWE5 PEOPLE ?AT ASS]T$ ! TRUISM ?AT MAT]IAL WEAL?1 COMMODITIES1 FULL EMPLOYM5T & HI< ,G,D,P WAS NOT CORRELATIVE TO HAPP9ESS1 FRE$OM OR WELL-BE+4 ,! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 A COLLECTIVE ( AVANT-G>DE >TI/S1 FILM-MAK]S1 >*ITECTS & 9TELLECTUALS1 DECL>$ ?AT 9 ! PRES5T CONDITION ( LATE CAPITALISM1 WE LIVE 91 'A WORLD 9 :I* ! GU>ANTEE ?AT WE WILL NOT DIE ( />VATION 5TAILS ! RISK ( DY+ ( BOR$OM4' ,! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>IES ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY HAD UND]E/IMAT$ CAPITALISM'S ABILITY TO ADAPT & SURVIVE ITS CYCLICAL CRISES ( OV]PRODUCTION & UND]CONSUMPTION1 & /UCK 9 ! DOGMATIC1 DOCTR9AIRE MODELS ( ! OLD LEFT'S ANALYSIS & ORGANIZATION1 !Y /RUGGL$ TO REA* ANY NEW CONCLUSIONS AB\T ! NATURE ( CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM4 ,! SITUATIONI/S P\R$ EQUAL SCORN ON LEFTI/ IDEOLOGUES & ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES1 COMM5T+ ?AT1 ',! UTT] DEBACLE ( ! LEFT TODAY LIES 9 ITS FAILURE TO NOTICE1 LET ALONE UND]/&1 ! TRANS=MATION ( POV]TY :I* IS ! BASIC *>ACT]I/IC ( LIFE 9 ! HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,POV]TY IS /ILL CONCEIV$ 9 T]MS ( ! #a#i? C5TURY PROLET>IAT - ITS BRUTAL /RUGGLE TO SURVIVE 9 ! TEE? ( EXPOSURE1 />VATION & DISEASE - RA!R ?AN 9 T]MS ( ! 9ABILITY TO LIVE1 ! LE?>GY1 ! BOR$OM1 ! ISOLATION1 ! ANGUI% & ! S5SE ( COMPLETE MEAN+LESSNESS :I* >E EAT+ LIKE A CANC] ?R\< ITS #b? C5TURY C\NT]P>T4' ,LATE CAPITALISM HAD EVOLV$ 9TO A SY/EM BAS$ ON SPECTACUL> CONSUMPTION1 A ',SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE' 9 :I* CULTURE1 >T & LEISURE >E R$UC$ TO COMMODITIES & PEOPLE >E R$UC$ TO ! PASSIVE ROLE ( SPECTATORS4 ',EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS DIRECTLY LIV$ HAS REC$$ 9TO REPRES5TATION1' CONSUMPTION MASQU]ADES AS P>TICIPATION & ALI5ATION1 SEP>ATION & G5]ALIZ$ BOR$OM HAVE BECOME ! HALLM>KS ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE >E1 'M$IAT$ BY IMAGES4' ,! ,S,I WAS 9FLU5C$ AS MU* BY ,NIETZS*EAN & 9DIVIDUALI/ PHILOSOPHICAL CURR5TS AS !Y W]E BY ,M>X & ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S4 ,!IR SCA?+ RHETORIC WAS REM9ISC5T ( ,NIETZS*E'S PROVOCATIVE /YLE & !IR DEM& = A SOCIETY (1 'MA/]S )\T SLAVES' GE>$ T[>DS ! 'CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS' HAD E*OES ( ,MAX ,/IRN]'S AN>*I/ ,EGOISM1 :I* HAD RECEIV$ CRITICISM FROM MANY CLASSICAL AN>*I/S DUE TO ITS ANTI-SOCIAL ?RU/ BUT 5JOY$ A RESURG5CE 9 PO/-#a#i#d#e AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 ! SITUATIONI/S RETA9$ SOCIAL & COLLECTIVE ELEM5TS TO !IR >GUM5TS1 RELEAS+ COMMUNIQUES ?AT DEM&$ ! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES &1 ',P,[,] ,T,O ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S ,C,\,N,C,I,L,S'1 & LIKE ,BAKUN9 & ,GOLDMAN BE=E !M !Y EXPRESS$ !IR 9T5SE HATR$ ( BO? GOV]NM5T & BUS9ESS1 /AT+ ?AT1 ',HUMANITY WON'T BE HAPPY UNTIL ! LA/ BUREAUCRAT IS HUNG ) ! GUTS ( ! LA/ CAPITALI/4' ,! ,MAY #aifh REVOLTS 9 ,P>IS W]E ! ULTIMATE EXPRESSION ( NEW AN>*I/ & SITUATIONI/ IDEAS 9 PRACTICE1 & !Y EPITOMIZ$ A NEW RADICAL SUBJECTIVITY ?AT ACTIVELY REJECT$ ! NEW =MS ( DOM9ATION & S]VITUDE ?AT 5CAPSULATE ! CONDITION ( HUMANITY 9 ! ]A ( ADVANC$ CAPITALISM & REMA9 9 PLACE 9 TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY PO/-9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 

,H]B]T ,M>CUSE & O!R NEO-,M>XI/S 9 ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL W]E 9FLU5TIAL 9 PROVID+ A CONTEMPOR>Y CRITIQUE ( TRADITIONAL ,M>XISM1 (F]+ A P]SPECTIVE ?AT WAS CRITICAL ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN FACETS ( BO? SOCIALISM & CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACY1 & CONTRIBUT+ AN ANALYSIS ?AT REVEAL$ ! TOTALIT>IAN ASPECTS ( MOD]N CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACIES1 COMM5T+ ?AT1 ',FREE ELECTION ( MA/]S DOES NOT ABOLI% ! MA/]S OR ! SLAVES4 ,FREE *OICE AMONG A WIDE V>IETY ( GOODS & S]VICES DOES NOT SIGNIFY FRE$OM IF !SE GOODS & S]VICES SU/A9 SOCIAL CONTROLS OV] A LIFE ( TOIL & FE> - ?AT IS1 IF !Y SU/A9 ALI5ATION4' ,AL?\< NOT DECID$LY AN>*I/1 ,M>CUSE'S !ORIES EXEMPLIFI$ A DI/RU/ ( AU?ORITY & AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC & LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK :I* /EMM$ FROM :AT ,AL?USS] W\LD CALL1 '! ,Y\NG ,M>X'1 ) ITS HUMANI/IC FOCUS ON ALI5ATION ?AT COMPLEM5T$ ! TR5DS 9 PO/W> AN>*ISM & HAD A DRAMATIC 9FLU5CE ON ! /UD5T REVOLTS & C\NT]CULTURAL MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#fS AS WELL ON LEFT-LIB]T>IAN ACTIVI/S TO ?IS DAY4 ,:IL/ CLASSICAL AN>*I/S T5D$ TO 9VE/ !IR FAI? 9 A REVOLUTION MADE 'BY & =' ! PROLET>IANS1 FOCUS+ ON A P]MAN5T REM$Y TO ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL & ! EMANCIPATION ( LABOR AS ! 'GREAT TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT'1 ,M>CUSE & MANY MOD]N AN>*I/S SPURN$ !SE NOTIONS1 PO9T+ \T ! SOCIALLY-CONS]VATIVE NATURE ( ! PO/W> PROLET>IAT & !IR DEEP 9TEGRATION 9TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! WORK+ CLASSES HAD BE5 FULLY ABSORB$ 9TO ! WORK+S ( SPECTACUL> COMMODITY-CAPITALISM1 & !IR EXI/5CE WAS NO LONG] ANTAGONI/IC1 BUT RA!R COMPLEM5T>Y1 TO CAPITAL4 ,BLURR$ CLASS DI/9CTIONS & *ANGES 9 ! DI*OTOMY BETWE5 B\RGEOIS & PROLET>IAN HAD PACIFI$ ! TRADITIONAL WORK+ CLASS1 PRODUC+ AN >MY ( 'DOCILE BODIES'1 TO USE ,F\CAULT'S T]M1 :OSE 7FALSE7 CONSCI\SNESS GU>ANTE$ AN OV]-ID5TIFICATION ) !IR MA/]S & A SOME:AT CONTRADICTORY SUPPORT = ! CONS]VATION ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,9 HIS WORK1 ,ONE ,DIM5SIONAL ,MAN1 ,M>CUSE DESCRIB$ !SE VICISSITUDES3 ',IF ! WORK] & HIS BOSS 5JOY ! SAME TELEVISION PROGRAM & VISIT ! SAME RESORT PLACES1 IF ! TYPI/ IS AS ATTRACTIVELY MADE UP AS ! DAU<T] ( H] EMPLOY]1 IF ! ,NEGRO [NS A ,CADILLAC1 IF !Y ALL READ ! SAME NEWSPAP]1 !N ?IS ASSIMILATION 9DICATES NOT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( CLASSES1 BUT ! EXT5T TO :I* ! NE$S & SATISFACTIONS ?AT S]VE ! PRES]VATION ( ! ,E/ABLI%M5T >E %>$ BY ! UND]LY+ POPULATION4' ,LIKE MANY AN>*I/S AFT] #a#i#d#e1 ,M>CUSE WAS EXPRESS+ A DESIRE TO MOVE AWAY FROM :AT ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 CALL$1 ',! ,MY? ( ,! ,PROLET>IAT' & ADOPT A F> MORE CRITICAL POSITION ON ! ESS5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A CLASS4 ,RA!R ?AN BE/[+ SO-CALL$ 'REVOLUTION>Y' NOTIONS ( 'CLASS CONSCI\SNESS' & 'CLASS UNITY' UPON WORK]S1 !Y 9/EAD RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IT IS ?IS ID5TIFICATION ) A CLASS & A ROMANTICIZATION ( LABOR ?AT TIES ! PROLET>IAT 9TO ! SY/EM ?AT DOM9ATES !M1 ATTA*+ A C]TA9 /ATUS TO /RUCTURES :I* S]VE TO1 0DISCIPL9E'1 'UNITE' & 'ORGANIZE' ! WORK]S1 BUT 444 DO SO 9 A ?OR\<LY B\RGEOIS FA%ION4' ,! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! WORK] ONLY 9CREASES TO ! DEGREE ?AT HE %$S HIS1 0CLASS /ATUS' & 444 CLASS %ACKLES ?AT B9D HIM TO ALL =MS ( DOM9ATION4' ,! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS ( SOCIETY W]E ! UND]CLASSES1 ! LUMP51 ! DEL9QU5TS1 ?OSE ?AT REFUSE WORK & LIVE ON ! M>G9S1 REPUDIAT+ 'RESPECTABLE SOCIETY' & REFUS+ SOCIAL NORMS1 TOTALLY DIS5FRAN*IZ$1 MO/LY IGNOR+ 'POLITICS' & REJECT+ ALL =MS ( AU?ORITY :E!R IT BE ! AU?ORITY ( ! FAMILY1 ! BOSS OR ! POLICE (FIC]4 ,= ,BOOK*9 IT WAS PEOPLE :O1 'SMOKE POT1 FUCK (F ON !IR JOBS1 DRIFT 9TO & \T ( FACTORIES1 GR[ LONG OR LONGI% HAIR1 DEM& MORE LEISURE TIME RA!R ?AN MORE PAY1 /EAL1 H>ASS ALL AU?ORITY FIGURES1 GO ON WILDCATS1 & TURN ON !IR FELL[ WORK]S4' ,= ,M>CUSE IT WAS1 '! SUB/RATUM ( ! \TCA/S & \TSID]S444 ! UNEMPLOY$ & ! UNEMPLOYABLE4 ,!Y EXI/ \TSIDE ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS444 ?US !IR OPPOSITION IS REVOLUTION>Y EV5 IF !IR CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT4' 

,AN ESS5TIAL PO9T ( DIV]G5CE BETWE5 CLASSICAL AN>*I/ & PO/-#a#i#d#e AN>*I/ !ORY IS ! REFUTATION ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T BY MANY MOD]N AN>*I/ CURR5TS4 ,! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ TRADITION WAS BORNE \T ( SECUL> ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T1 IT'S PREMISE BE+ ! P]FECTIBILITY ( MAN & BELIEF 91 '! ULTIMATE TRIUMPH ( ,REASON1 ,PROGRESS & ,ORD]4' ,?IS LEAD TO AN ALMO/ QUASI-RELIGI\S BELIEF 9 ! ESS5TIAL 'GOOD' ( MAN1 & FUR!R TO AN UND]LY+1 SEMI-TELEOLOGICAL IDEA ?AT HUMANK9D W\LD /EADILY M>* ?R\< HI/ORY1 PROGRESS+ T[>DS SOME F9AL '5D' - PO/-REVOLUTION - 9 :I* MAN HAS FULLY REALIZ$ HIS 'NATURAL' CAPACITIES - :I* >E ONLY D5I$ HIM BY PRES5T MAT]IAL CONDITIONS - & WE WILL HAVE REA*$ A HI/ORICAL PLATEAU *>ACT]IZ$ BY UNIV]SAL JU/ICE1 FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & ! P]FECTION ( HUMANK9D4 ,= ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S1 ! /ATE IS AN >TIFICIALLY-IMPOS$ ABOM9ATION ?AT DEGRADES NATURALLY GOOD HUMAN BE+S4 ,! /ATE & MANK9D >E SEP>ATE1 ,MANI*EAN OPPOSITES2 ONE ESS5TIALLY GOOD1 ! O!R ESS5TIALLY BAD4 ,BAKUN9 ASS]TS ?AT1 ',! ,/ATE IS ! MO/ FLAGRANT NEGATION444( HUMANITY'1 :IL/ \R 'HUMANITY' IS DEF9$ BY NATURAL LAWS :I*1 '>E 9H]5T 9 US1 !Y CON/ITUTE \R NATURE1 \R :OLE BE+ PHYSICALLY1 9TELLECTUALLY & MORALLY4' ,9FLU5C$ BY PO/MOD]N & PO//RUCTURALI/ REJECTIONS ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T1 P>TICUL>LY ! WORKS ( ,F\CAULT1 ! PO/-AN>*I/S1 ,TODD ,MAY & ,SAUL ,NEWMAN HAVE CRITIQU$ ,5LI<T5M5T IDEAS FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE1 PO9T+ \T ?AT ! ESS5TIALISMS & UNIV]SALITIES ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/ ?9K+ >E SIMPLY A REV]SAL ( ! ,HOBBESSIAN ACC\NT ! '/ATE ( NATURE'1 :I* SEES MAN AS 9NATELY EVIL & CORRUPT & ! /ATE AS AN ESS5TIAL >BIT] ( AN>*IC HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,PO/-AN>*I/S CALL = ! REJECTION ( !SE CLASSICAL 'META-N>RATIVES'1 & RA!R ?AN DISMISS+ AN>*ISM ALTOGE!R !Y CALL = A R5EWAL ( AN>*I/ IDEAS1 FREE+ !M FROM ! /RUCTURES & GU>ANTEES ?AT CONDITION & RE/RICT CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 AS WELL AS PRES5T+ AN>*ISM AS AN AFFIRMATION1 UND]/&+ & OV]COM+ ( P[] RA!R ?AN A TOTAL REJECTION ( IT4 ,NEWMAN >GUES ?AT1 ',IT IS ONLY BY AFFIRM+ P[]1 BY ACKN[L$G+ ?AT WE COME FROM ! SAME WORLD AS P[]1 NOT FROM A 'NATURAL' WORLD REMOV$ FROM IT1 & ?AT WE CAN NEV] BE 5TIRELY FREE FROM RELATIONS ( P[]1 ?AT ONE CAN 5GAGE 9 POLITICALLY-RELEVANT /RATEGIES ( RESI/ANCE AGA9/ P[]4' 

,SOME CURR5TS ( AN>*ISM HAVE /RAY$ EV5 FUR!R FROM !IR CLASSICAL PR$ECESSORS4 ,PO/-LEFT AN>*Y & AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO REMOVE AN>*ISM FROM ! CONF9ES ( IDEOLOGY & PROVIDE A CRITIQUE ( ! EXI/+ AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 CRITICIZ+ ORGANIZATION1 MORALITY & SOMETIMES CIVILIZATION ITSELF ) AN ABSOLUTE REJECTION ( ,5LI<T5M5T VALUES4 ,PRIMITIVI/S SU* AS ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN HAVE FAC$ 9T5SE CRITICISM FROM MANY AN>*I/S = :AT !Y SEE AS HIS REGRESSIVE VISION ( UTOPIAN SOCIETY4 ,HIS ADVOCACY ( ! DE/RUCTION ( TE*NOLOGY1 NEO-,LUDDISM1 & A RETURN TO ! LIFE/YLE ( HUNT]-GA!R]S HAS ITS S\RCE 9 AN ALL-5COMPASS+ CRITIQUE ( MOD]N CAPITALISM & ! SOCIAL ILLS IT CREATES4 ,= ,Z]ZAN1 IT IS A MI/AKE TO VIEW TE*NOLOGY AS A 'NEUTRAL OBJECT' TO BE US$ EI!R POSITIVELY OR NEGATIVELY TO S]VE A SPECIFIC SOCIAL FUNCTION1 RA!R TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE NECESS>ILY LEADS TO ALI5ATION & ! DEBASEM5T ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,HIS EXTREME RADICALISM & DESIRE = ! TOTAL BREAK ) ! /ATUS QUO IS MAT*$ BY A WI% TO RETURN TO A LIB]AT+ & MORE SIMPLI/IC LIFE/YLE1 9 :I* MAN IS AT ONE ) HIMSELF & ) NATURE1 )\T ! CON/RA9TS ( ANY 9/ITUTION1 TE*NOLOGY OR ! DISUNITY & DETA*M5T ?AT >ISES FROM ME*ANIZATION1 AUTOMATION & ! DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,ANTI-CIVILIZATION CRITIQUES BEG9 ) ! 'SETTLEM5T ( ! L&'1 ! *ANGE FROM HUNT]-GA!R] TO F>M] & ! BEG9N+S ( AGRICULTURE1 DESCRIB$ AS1 '! TRIUMPH ( E/RANGEM5T & ! DEF9ITE DIVIDE BETWE5 CULTURE & NATURE & HUMANS FROM EA* O!R444 ,! L& ITSELF BECOMES ! 9/RUM5T ( PRODUCTION & ! PLANET'S SPECIES ITS OBJECTS4' ,:IL/ CLASSICAL AN>*ISM HELD ! SCI5CES1 9DU/RY & TE*NOLOGY 9 HI< E/EEM DUE TO !IR SUPPOS$LY LIB]ATORY POT5TIALS1 ,Z]ZAN CALLS = !IR TOTAL ANNIHILATION ON ! BASIS ?AT FROM !IR 9CEPTION 9 ! ,AGE ( ,5LI<T5M5T & 9DU/RIALIZATION1 FROM 5CLOSURE & SETTLEM5T TO MONET>I/ CAPITALISM1 HUMANITY HAS ONLY BECOME MORE 5SLAV$ & MORE DETA*$ FROM ! WORLD & !MSELVES ) EV]Y SO-CALL$ 'PROGRESS' & NEW 9NOVATION 9 ! PRODUCTION PROCESS4 

,PO/-LEFT AN>*I/S SU* AS ,BOB ,BLACK HAVE CALL$ = ! ABOLITION ( WORK1 :IL/ ,HAKIM ,BEY1 MIX+ A /RANGE BR& ( SUFI MY/ICISM & 'ONTOLOGICAL AN>*ISM'1 PROPOSES ! CREATION ( ',TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES' AS 'SPACES ( RESI/ANCE' OR 'SPACES ( HOPE' TO REM$Y ! HUMAN CRISES WE FACE 9 A PO/-,=DI/ AGE4 ,!SE NEW BR&S ( AN>*ISM HAVE !IR ROOTS 9 ! CLASSICAL WORKS ( ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 ET AL1 BUT !IR ANALYZES & ME?ODS ( RESI/ANCE >E V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,! DISP>ITIES >ISE BECAUSE ( *ANGES 9 ! NATURE ( CAPITALISM ITSELF & ! *ANGES 9 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 CAPITAL1 LABOR & ! /ATE ?AT WE HAVE WITNESS$ 9 ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,PO/W> AN>*ISM HAS ALSO BE5 9FLU5C$ HEAVILY BY MORE CONTEMPOR>Y ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T S*OOLS ( ?\<T SU* AS PO/MOD]NISM & PO//RUCTURALISM1 AS WELL AS & NEO-,M>XI/ & ,SITUATIONI/ PHILOSOPHY1 ALL ( :I* HAVE BR\<T ! C5TRAL LIB]T>IAN & ANTI-CAPITALI/ T5ETS ( CLASSICAL AN>*I/S SU* AS ,PR\DHON & ,GOLDMAN 9 L9E ) ! MOD]N AGE4 

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