,COMMUNISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,:ILE ,I ?9K ?AT ! HOPE ( ! NEW-BIR? ( SOCIETY IS C]TA9LY GR[+1 & 
      ?AT SPE$ILY1 ,I MU/ CONFESS MYSELF PUZZL$ AB\T ! MEANS T[>D ?AT 5D :I* 
      >E MO/LY LOOK$ AFT] N[2 & ,I AM D\BTFUL IF SOME ( ! MEASURES :I* >E 
      PRESS$1 MO/LY1 ,I ?9K1 ) ALL HONE/Y ( PURPOSE1 & (T5 ) MU* ABILITY1 
      W\LD1 IF GA9$1 BR+ US ANY FUR!R ON ! DIRECT ROAD TO A REALLY NEW-BORN 
      SOCIETY1 ! ONLY SOCIETY :I* CAN BE A NEW BIR?1 A SOCIETY ( PRACTICAL 
      EQUALITY4 ,NOT TO MAKE ANY MY/]Y AB\T IT1 ,I MEAN ?AT ! GREAT MASS ( :AT MO/ 
      NON-,SOCIALI/S AT LEA/ CONSID] AT PRES5T TO BE ,SOCIALISM1 SEEMS TO ME NO?+ 
      MORE ?AN A MA*9]Y ( ,SOCIALISM1 :I* ,I ?9K IT PROBABLE ?AT 
      ,SOCIALISM MU/ USE 9 ITS MILITANT CONDITION2 & :I* ,I ?9K IT 
      MAY USE = SOME TIME AFT] IT IS PRACTICALLY E/ABLI%$2 BUT DOES NOT 
      SEEM TO ME TO BE ( ITS ESS5CE4 ,D\BTLESS !RE IS GOOD 9 ! S*EMES = 
      SUB/ITUT+ BUS9ESS-LIKE ADM9I/RATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PUBLIC = ! 
      OLD ,:IG MUDDLE ( LAISSEZ FAIRE BACK$ UP BY CO]CION & SMOO!D BY 
      ABUNDANT CORRUPTION1 :I*1 WORK$ ALL ( IT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( SUCCESSFUL BUS9ESS 
      M51 WAS ONCE ?\<T SU* A WOND]FUL 9V5TION1 & :I* C]TA9LY WAS ! V]Y 
      CEM5T ( SOCIETY AS IT HAS EXI/$ S9CE ! DEA? ( FEUDALISM4 ,! ,LONDON ,C\NTY 
      ,C\NCIL1 = 9/ANCE1 IS NOT M]ELY A MORE USEFUL BODY = ! ADM9I/RATION ( 
      PUBLIC BUS9ESS ?AN ! ,METROPOLITAN ,BO>D ( ,WORKS WAS3 IT IS 9/9CT ) A 
      DIFF]5T SPIRIT2 & EV5 ITS G5]AL 9T5TION TO BE ( USE TO ! 
      CITIZ5S & TO HE$ !IR WI%ES1 HAS 9 IT A PROMISE ( BETT] DAYS1 & HAS 
      ALREADY DONE SOME?+ TO RAISE ! DIGNITY ( LIFE 9 ,LONDON AMONG A C]TA9 
      P>T ( ! POPULATION1 & D[N TO C]TA9 CLASSES4 ,AGA91 :O CAN QU>REL ) 
      ! ATTEMPTS TO RELIEVE ! SORDIDNESS ( CIVILIZ$ T[N LIFE BY ! PUBLIC 
      ACQUIREM5T ( P>KS & O!R OP5 SPACES1 PLANT+ ( TREES1 E/ABLI%M5T ( 
      FREE LIBR>IES & ! LIKE8 ,IT IS S5SIBLE & RI<T = ! PUBLIC TO PU% = 
      ! ATTA9M5T ( SU* GA9S2 BUT WE ALL KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT !IR ADVANTAGES >E 
      V]Y UNEQUALLY DI/RIBUT$1 ?AT !Y >E GA9S RA!R = C]TA9 PORTIONS ( ! 
      MIDDLE-CLASSES ?AN = WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,NAY1 ?IS ,SOCIALI/ MA*9]Y MAY BE US$ 
      MU* FUR!R3 IT MAY GA9 HI<] WAGES & %ORT] WORK+-H\RS = ! 
      WORK+-M5 !MSELVES3 9DU/RIES MAY BE WORK$ BY MUNICIPALITIES = ! B5EFIT 
      BO? ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 ,WORK+-PEOPLE'S H\SES MAY BE IMPROV$1 & !IR 
      MANAGEM5T TAK5 \T ( ! H&S ( COMM]CIAL SPECULATORS4 ,MORE TIME MI<T BE 
      9SI/$ ON = ! $UCATION ( *ILDR52 & SO ON1 & SO ON4 ,9 ALL ?IS ,I 
      FREELY ADMIT A GREAT GA91 & AM GLAD TO SEE S*EMES TRI$ :I* W\LD LEAD TO IT4 
      ,BUT GREAT AS ! GA9 W\LD BE1 ! ULTIMATE GOOD ( IT1 ! AM\NT ( PROGRESSIVE 
      =CE ?AT MI<T BE 9 SU* ?+S W\LD1 ,I ?9K1 DEP5D ON H[ SU* 
      RE=MS W]E DONE - 9 :AT SPIRIT2 OR RA!R :AT ELSE WAS BE+ DONE1 :ILE !SE 
      W]E GO+ ON1 :I* W\LD MAKE PEOPLE LONG = EQUALITY ( CONDITION2 :I* W\LD 
      GIVE !M FAI? 9 ! POSSIBILITY @& WORKABL5ESS ( ,SOCIALISM2 :I* W\LD 
      GIVE !M C\RAGE TO /RIVE = IT & LABOR = IT2 & :I* W\LD DO ?IS = A 
      VA/ NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 SO ?AT ! DUE IMPETUS MI<T BE GA9$ = ! SWEEP+ 
      AWAY ( ALL PRIVILEGE4 ,= WE MU/ NOT LOSE SI<T ( ! V]Y OBVI\S FACT ?AT 
      !SE IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! LIFE ( ! L>G] PUBLIC CAN ONLY BE C>RI$ \T AT ! 
      EXP5SE ( SOME PORTION ( ! FRE$OM & =TUNES ( ! PROPRIET>Y CLASSES4 
      ,!Y >E1 :5 G5U9E1 ONE & ALL ATTACKS ,I SAY ON ! 0LIB]TY & PROP]TY0 ( 
      ! NON-WORK+ OR USELESS CLASSES1 AS SOME ( ?OSE CLASSES SEE CLE>LY 5\<4 
      ,& ,I ADMIT ?AT IF ! SUM ( !M %\LD BECOME VA/ & DEEP REA*+ 5\< TO 
      GIVE TO ! USEFUL OR WORK+ CLASSES 9TELLIG5CE 5\< TO CONCEIVE ( A LIFE ( 
      EQUALITY & COOP]ATION2 C\RAGE 5\< TO ACCEPT IT & TO BR+ ! NECESS>Y 
      SKILL TO BE> ON WORK+ IT2 & P[] 5\< TO =CE ITS ACCEPTANCE ON ! /UPID 
      & ! 9T]E/$1 ! W> ( CLASSES W\LD SPE$ILY 5D 9 ! VICTORY ( ! 
      USEFUL CLASS1 :I* W\LD !N BECOME ! NEW ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALITY4 
     
     

      ,9TELLIG5CE 5\< TO CONCEIVE1 C\RAGE 5\< TO WILL1 P[] 5\< TO COMPEL4 ,IF 
      \R IDEAS ( A NEW ,SOCIETY >E ANY?+ MORE ?AN A DREAM1 !SE ?REE QUALITIES 
      MU/ ANIMATE ! DUE EFFECTIVE MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE2 & !N1 ,I SAY1 ! 
      ?+ WILL BE DONE4 
     
     

      ,9TELLIG5CE1 C\RAGE1 P[] 5\<4 ,N[ ?AT 5\< MEANS A V]Y 
      GREAT ?+4 ,! EFFECTIVE MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE MU/ ,I %\LD ?9K BE 
      SOME?+ AS GREAT 9 NUMB]S AS AN ACTUAL ME*ANICAL MAJORITY2 BECAUSE ! 
      NON-WORK+ CLASSES 7)1 M9D Y\1 !IR SWORN SLAVES & P>ASITES1 MAN :O 
      CAN'T LIVE )\T !M7 >E EV5 NUM]ICALLY V]Y /RONG1 & >E /RONG] /ILL 
      9 HOLD+ 9 !IR H& ! N9E PO9TS ( ! LAW1 POSSESSION TO WIT2 & AS SOON 
      AS !SE BEG9 TO ?9K !RE IS ANY S]I\S DANG] TO !IR PRIVILEGE - 
      I4E41 !IR LIVELIHOOD - !Y WILL BE PRETTY MU* UNANIM\S 9 DEF5D+ 
      IT1 & US+ ALL ! P[] :I* !Y POSSESS 9 DO+ SO4 ,! NECESS>Y MAJORITY 
      !RE=E ( 9TELLIG5CE1 C\RAGE1 & P[] IS SU* A BIG ?+ TO BR+ AB\T1 
      ?AT IT WILL TAKE A LONG TIME TO DO SO2 & ?OSE :O >E WORK+ = ?IS 5D MU/ 
      CLE>LY NOT ?R[ AWAY TIME & /R5G? BY MAK+ MORE MI/AKES ?AN !Y CAN 
      POSSIBLY HELP 9 !IR EF=TS = ! CONV]SION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE TO AN 
      >D5T DESIRE = A SOCIETY ( EQUALITY4 ,! QUE/ION !N1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 AB\T 
      ALL ?OSE P>TIAL GA9S ABOVE M5TION$1 IS NOT SO MU* AS TO :AT ADVANTAGE !Y 
      MAY BE TO ! PUBLIC AT L>GE 9 ! PASS+ MOM5T1 OR EV5 TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 
      BUT RA!R :AT EFFECT !Y WILL HAVE T[>DS CONV]T+ ! WORK]S TO AN 
      UND]/&+ (1 & >D5T DESIRE = ,SOCIALISM2 TRUE & COMPLETE ,SOCIALISM ,I 
      MEAN1 :AT ,I %\LD CALL ,COMMUNISM4 ,= ?\< MAK+ A GREAT MANY POOR PEOPLE1 OR 
      EV5 A FEW1 SOME:AT MORE COM=TABLE ?AN !Y >E N[1 SOME:AT LESS MIS]ABLE1 
      LET US SAY1 IS NOT 9 ITSELF A LI<T GOOD2 YET IT W\LD BE A HEAVY EVIL1 IF IT DID 
      ANY?+ T[>DS DULL+ ! EF=TS ( ! :OLE CLASS ( WORK]S T[>DS ! 
      W9N+ ( A REAL SOCIETY ( EQUALS4 ,& H]E AGA9 COME 9 ?OSE D\BTS & ! 
      PUZZLEM5T ,I BEGAN BY TAK+ AB\T4 ,= ,I WANT TO KN[ & TO ASK Y\ TO CONSID]1 
      H[ F> ! BETT]M5T ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE MI<T GO & YET /OP AT LA/ )\T 
      HAV+ MADE ANY PROGRESS ON ! DIRECT ROAD TO ,COMMUNISM4 ,:E!R 9 %ORT 
      ! TREM5D\S ORGANIZATION ( CIVILIZ$ COMM]CIAL SOCIETY IS NOT PLAY+ ! CAT 
      & M\SE GAME ) US ,SOCIALI/S4 ,:E!R ! ,SOCIETY ( ,9EQUALITY MI<T NOT 
      ACCEPT ! QUASI-SOCIALI/ MA*9]Y ABOVE M5TION$1 & WORK IT = ! PURPOSE 
      ( UPHOLD+ ?AT SOCIETY 9 A SOME:AT %ORN CONDITION1 MAYBE1 BUT A SAFE ONE4 
      ,?AT SEEMS TO ME POSSIBLE1 & MEANS ! O!R SIDE ( ! VIEW3 9/EAD ( ! 
      USELESS CLASSES BE+ SWEPT AWAY BY ! USEFUL1 ! USELESS CLASSES GA9+ SOME ( 
      ! USEFULNESS ( ! WORK]S1 & SO SAFEGU>D+ !IR PRIVILEGE3 ! 
      WORK]S BETT] TREAT$1 BETT] ORGANIZ$1 HELP+ TO GOV]N !MSELVES1 BUT ) NO 
      MORE PRET5SE TO EQUALITY ) ! RI*1 NOR ANY MORE HOPE = IT ?AN !Y HAVE 
      N[4 ,BUT IF ?IS BE POSSIBLE1 IT WILL ONLY BE SO ON ! GR\NDS ?AT ! WORK+ 
      PEOPLE HAVE CEAS$ TO DESIRE REAL ,SOCIALISM & >E CONT5T$ ) SOME \TSIDE 
      %[ ( IT JO9$ TO AN 9CREASE 9 PROSP]ITY 5\< TO SATISFY ! CRAV+S ( 
      M5 :O DO NOT KN[ :AT ! PLEASURES ( LIFE MI<T BE IF !Y TREAT$ !IR [N 
      CAPACITIES & ! RES\RCES ( NATURE REASONABLY ) ! 9T5TION & 
      EXPECTATION ( BE+ HAPPY4 ,( C\RSE ALSO IT C\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE IF !RE BE1 AS 
      WE MAY WELL HOPE1 AN ACTUAL NECESSITY = NEW DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY FROM \T ( 
      \R PRES5T CONDITIONS3 BUT GRANT+ ?IS NECESSITY1 ! *ANGE MAY & WILL BE 
      EXCE$+LY SL[ 9 COM+ IF ! WORK+ PEOPLE DO NOT %[ !IR S5SE ( ! 
      NECESSITY BY BE+ OV]TAK5 BY A LONG+ = ! *ANGE & BY EXPRESS+ ?AT 
      LONG+4 ,& MOREOV] IT WILL NOT ONLY BE SL[ 9 COM+ BUT ALSO 9 ?AT CASE IT 
      CAN ONLY COME ?R\< A P]IOD ( GREAT SUFF]+ & MIS]Y1 BY ! RU9 ( \R 
      PRES5T CIVILIZATION3 & SURELY REASONABLE M5 MU/ HOPE ?AT IF ,SOCIALISM BE 
      NECESS>Y ITS ADV5T %ALL BO? BE SPE$Y & %ALL BE M>K$ BY ! M9IMUM ( 
      SUFF]+ & BY RU9 NOT QUITE COMPLETE4 ,!RE=E1 ,I SAY1 :AT WE HAVE TO HOPE 
      = IS ?AT ! 9EVITABLE ADVANCE ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALITY WILL SPE$ILY MAKE 
      ITSELF FELT BY ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS NECESSITY BE+ IMPRESS$ UPON ! WORK+ 
      PEOPLE1 & ?AT !Y WILL CONSCI\SLY & NOT BL9DLY /RIVE = ITS REALIZATION4 
      ,?AT 9 FACT IS :AT WE MEAN BY ! $UCATION 9TO ,SOCIALISM ( ! WORK+ 
      CLASSES4 ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT IF ?IS IS IMPOSSIBLE AT PRES5T1 IF ! WORK+ PEOPLE 
      REFUSE TO TAKE ANY 9T]E/ 9 ,SOCIALISM1 IF !Y PRACTICALLY REJECT IT1 WE MU/ 
      ACCEPT ?AT AS A SIGN ?AT ! NECESSITY = AN ESS5TIAL *ANGE 9 SOCIETY IS SO 
      F> DI/ANT1 ?AT WE NE$ SC>CELY TR\BLE \RSELVES AB\T IT4 ,?IS IS ! TEXT3 
      & = ?IS REASON IT IS SO DEADLY S]I\S = US TO F9D \T :E!R ?OSE 
      DEMOCRATIC T5D5CIES & ! S*EMES ( NEW ADM9I/RATION !Y GIVE BIR? TO >E 
      REALLY ( USE 9 $UCAT+ ! PEOPLE 9TO DIRECT ,SOCIALISM4 ,IF !Y >E 
      NOT1 !Y >E ( USE = NO?+ ELSE2 & WE HAD BE/ TRY IF WE CAN'T MAKE T]MS 
      ) 9TELLIG5T ,TORIES & B5EVOL5T ,:IGS1 & BEG !M TO UNITE !IR 
      9TELLIG5CE & B5EVOL5CE1 & GOV]N US AS K9DLY & WISELY AS !Y CAN1 & 
      TO ROB US 9 MOD]ATION ONLY4 ,BUT IF !Y >E ( USE1 !N 9 SPITE ( !IR SORDID 
      & REPELL5T DETAILS1 & ALL ! SICKNESS ( HOPE DEF]R$ ?AT ! USE ( SU* 
      9/RUM5TS ASSUR$LY BR+S US1 LET US USE !M AS F> AS !Y WILL GO1 & REFUSE 
      TO BE DISAPPO9T$ IF !Y WILL NOT GO V]Y F>3 :I* MEANS IF !Y WILL NOT 9 A 
      DECADE TURN 9TO A UNIT$ HO/ ( H]OES & SAGES A HUGE MASS ( M5 LIV+ UND] 
      A SY/EM ( SOCIETY SO 9TRICATE AS TO LOOK ON ! SURFACE LIKE A M]E *ANCE-HAP 
      MUDDLE1 MANY MILLIONS ( NECESSIT\S PEOPLE1 OPPRESS$ 9DE$1 & SORELY1 NOT BY 
      OBVI\S 9DIVIDUAL VIOL5CE & ILL-WILL1 BUT BY AN ECONOMIC SY/EM SO F> 
      REA*+1 SO DEEPLY SEAT$1 ?AT IT MAY WELL SEEM LIKE ! OP]ATION ( A NATURAL 
      LAW TO M5 SO UN$UCAT$ ?AT !Y HAVE NOT EV5 ESCAP$ ! REFLEXION ( ! 
      SO-CALL$ $UCATION ( !IR MA/]S1 BUT 9 ADDITION TO !IR O!R MI%APS >E 
      SADDL$ ALSO ) ! SUP]/ITIONS & HYPOCRISIES ( ! UPP] CLASSES1 ) 
      SC>CE A :IT ( ! *>ACT]I/IC TRADITIONS ( !IR [N CLASS TO HELP !M3 AN 
      9TELLECTUAL SLAV]Y :I* IS A NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T ( !IR MAT]IAL SLAV]Y4 
      ,?AT AS A MASS IS :AT REVOLUTIONI/S HAVE GOT TO DEAL )3 SU* A MASS 9DE$ ,I 
      ?9K C\LD & W\LD BE VIVIFI$ BY SOME SP>K ( 5?USIASM1 SOME SUDD5 HOPEFUL 
      IMPULSE T[>DS AGGRESSION1 IF ! NECESSITY = SUDD5 *ANGE W]E CLOSE AT H&4 
      ,BUT IS IT8 ,!RE >E D\BTLESS NOT A FEW 9 ?IS ROOM1 MYSELF P]HAPS AMONG !M 
      7,I SAY P]HAPS = ONE'S OLD SELF IS APT TO GR[ DIM TO ONE7 - SOME ( US 
      ,I SAY ONCE BELIEV$ 9 ! 9EVITABL5ESS ( A SUDD5 & SPE$Y *ANGE4 ,?AT WAS 
      NO WOND] ) ! NEW 5LI<T5M5T ( ,SOCIALISM GILD+ ! DULLNESS ( 
      CIVILIZATION = US4 ,BUT IF WE MU/ N[ TAKE SOB]] VIEWS ( \R HOPES1 DO NOT 
      REPROA* US ) ?AT4 ,REMEMB] H[ H>D O!R TYRANNIES HAVE DI$1 ?\< TO ! 
      ECONOMICAL OPPRESSION ( !M WAS ADD$ OBVI\S VIOL5T 9DIVIDUAL OPPRESSION1 
      :I* AS ,I HAVE SAID IS LACK+ TO ! HEAVY TYRANNY ( \R TIMES3 & CAN WE HOPE 
      ?AT IT WILL BE SPE$I] 9 ITS 5D+ ?AN !Y8 ,I SAY ?AT ! TIME IS NOT N[ 
      = ! SUDD5 K9DL+ ( ! IMPULSE ( DIRECT AGGRESSION AMONG ! MASS ( ! 
      WORKM54 ,BUT :AT !N6 >E WE TO GIVE UP ALL HOPE ( $UCAT+ !M 9TO 
      ,SOCIALISM8 ,SURELY NOT4 ,LET US USE ALL MEANS POSSIBLE = DRAW+ !M 9TO 
      ,SOCIALISM1 SO ?AT !Y MAY AT LA/ F9D !MSELVES 9 SU* A POSITION ?AT !Y 
      UND]/& !MSELVES TO BE FACE TO FACE ) FALSE SOCIETY1 !MSELVES ! ONLY 
      POSSIBLE ELEM5TS ( TRUE SOCIETY4 
     
     

      ,SO N[ ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ,I AM DRIV5 TO !  
      CONCLUSION ?AT ?OSE MEASURES ,I HAVE 
      BE5 SPEAK+ (1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ?AT UND] ANY REASONABLE =M DOES T5D T[>DS 
      ,SOCIALISM 7PRES5T CONDITIONS BE+ UND]/OOD7 >E ( USE T[>D ! 
      $UCATION ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK]S2 ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y 9 ! PRES5T TO 
      GIVE =M TO VAGUE ASPIRATIONS :I* >E 9 ! AIR AB\T !M1 & TO RAISE !IR 
      AIMS ABOVE ! M]E BUS9ESSLIKE WORK ( ! OLD TRADES UNIONS ( RAIS+ WAGES 
      ) ! CONS5T 7H[EV] OBTA9$7 ( ! EMPLOY]S2 ( MAK+ ! WORK]S SEE 
      O!R EMPLOY]S"9 ?AN ?OSE :O LIVE ON  
      ! PR(IT WRUNG \T ( !IR LABOR4 ,I 
      ?9K ?AT TAK+ UP SU* MEASURES1 DIRECTLY T5D+ T[>DS ,SOCIALISM1 IS 
      NECESS>Y ALSO 9 GETT+ WORK+ PEOPLE TO RAISE !IR /&>D ( LIVELIHOOD SO 
      ?AT !Y MAY CLAIM MORE & YET MORE ( ! WEAL? PRODUC$ BY SOCIETY1 :I* AS 
      A=ESAID !Y CAN ONLY GET AT ! EXP5SE ( ! NON-PRODUC+ CLASSES :O N[ ROB 
      !M4 ,LA/LY1 SU* MEASURES1 ) ALL ?AT GOES T[>DS GETT+ !M C>RI$1 WILL 
      TRA9 !M 9TO ORGANIZATION & ADM9I/RATION2 & ,I HOPE ?AT NO ONE H]E WILL 
      ASS]T ?AT !Y DO NOT NE$ SU* TRA9+1 OR ?AT !Y >E NOT AT A HUGE 
      DISADVANTAGE FROM ! LACK ( IT AS COMP>$ ) !IR MA/]S :O HAVE BE5 
      TRA9$ 9 !SE >TS4 
     
     

      ,BUT ?IS $UCATION BY POLITICAL & CORPORATE ACTION MU/1 AS ,I H9T$ ABOVE1 BY 
      SUPPLEM5T$ BY 9/ILL+ 9TO ! M9DS ( ! PEOPLE A KN[L$GE ( ! AIMS ( 
      ,SOCIALISM1 & A LONG+ TO BR+ AB\T ! COMPLETE *ANGE :I* WILL SUPPLANT 
      CIVILIZATION BY COMMUNISM4 ,= ! ,SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC MEASURES ABOVE M5TION$ >E 
      ALL ( !M EI!R MAKE-%IFT ALLEVIATIONS TO HELP US ?R\< ! PRES5T DAYS ( 
      OPPRESSION1 OR MEANS = L&+ US 9 ! NEW C\NTRY ( EQUALITY4 ,& !RE IS A 
      DANG] ?AT !Y WILL BE LOOK$ UPON AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES4 ,NAY IT IS C]TA9 ?AT 
      ! GREAT] NUMB] ( ?OSE :O >E PU%+ = !M WILL AT ! TIME BE ABLE TO 
      SEE NO FUR!R ?AN !M1 & WILL ONLY RECOGNIZE !IR TEMPOR>Y *>ACT] :5 
      !Y HAVE PASS$ BEYOND !M1 & >E CLAIM+ ! NEXT ?+4 ,BUT ,I MU/ HOPE ?AT 
      WE CAN 9/ILL 9TO ! MASS ( PEOPLE SOME SPIRIT ( EXPECTATION1 H[EV] VAGUE1 
      BEYOND ! NE$S ( ! YE>2 & ,I KN[ ?AT MANY :O >E ON ! ROAD TO ,SOCIALISM 
      WILL FROM ! FIR/ & HABITUALLY LOOK T[>D ! REALIZATION ( ! SOCIETY ( 
      EQUALITY1 & TRY TO REALIZE IT = !MSELVES - ,I MEAN !Y WILL AT LEA/ TRY TO 
      ?9K :AT EQUALITY WILL TURN \T TO BE1 & WILL LONG = IT ABOVE ALL ?+S4 ,& 
      ,I LOOK TO ?IS SPIRIT TO VIVIFY ! /RIV+ = ! M]E MA*9]Y ( ,SOCIALISM2 
      & ,I HOPE & BELIEVE ?AT IT WILL SO SPREAD AS ! MA*9]Y IS ATTA9$ ?AT 
      H[EV] MU* ! OLD 9DIVIDUALI/ SPIRIT MAY TRY TO MAKE ITSELF MA/] ( ! 
      CORPORATE MA*9]Y1 & TRY BY MEANS ( ! PUBLIC TO GOV]N ! PUBLIC 9 ! 
      9T]E/S ( ! 5EMIES ( ! PUBLIC1 IT MAY BE DEFEAT$4 
     
     

      ,ALL ?IS H[EV] IS TALK+ AB\T ! POSSIBLE C\RSE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T2 
      BUT S9CE1 AS Y\ HAVE JU/ HE>D1 IT SEEMS TO ME NECESS>Y ?AT 9 ORD] TO MAKE 
      ANY DUE USE ( ,SOCIALI/ MA*9]Y ONE %\LD HAVE SOME SORT ( IDEA AS TO ! LIFE 
      :I* IS TO BE ! RESULT ( IT1 LET ME N[ TAKE UP ! (T5 TOLD TALE ( :AT WE 
      MEAN BY ,COMMUNISM OR ,SOCIALISM2 = BETWE5 COMPLETE ,SOCIALISM & ,COMMUNISM !RE 
      IS NO DIFF]5CE :ATEV] 9 MY M9D4 ,COMMUNISM IS 9 FACT ! COMPLETION ( 
      ,SOCIALISM3 :5 ?AT CEASES TO BE MILITANT & BECOMES TRIUMPHANT1 IT WILL BE 
      ,COMMUNISM4 
     
     

      ,! ,COMMUNI/ ASS]TS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ?AT ! RES\RCES ( NATURE1 MA9LY ! 
      L& & ?OSE O!R ?+S :I* CAN ONLY BE US$ = ! REPRODUCTION ( WEAL? 
      & :I* >E ! EFFECT ( SOCIAL WORK1 %\LD NOT BE [N$ 9 SEV]ALTY1 BUT BY 
      ! :OLE COMMUNITY = ! B5EFIT ( ! :OLE4 ,?AT :]E ?IS IS NOT ! CASE 
      ! [N]S ( !SE MEANS ( PRODUCTION MU/ ( NECESSITY BE ! MA/]S ( ?OSE 
      :O DO NOT [N A SUFFICI5CY ( !M TO FREE !M FROM ! NE$ ( PAY+ ) A 
      PORTION ( !IR LABOR = ! USE ( ! SAID MEANS ( PRODUCTION2 & ?AT ! 
      MA/]S OR [N]S ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION DO PRACTICALLY [N ! WORK]S2 V]Y 
      PRACTICALLY1 S9CE !Y REALLY DICTATE TO !M ! K9D ( LIFE !Y %ALL LEAD1 
      & ! WORK]S CANNOT ESCAPE FROM IT UNLESS BY !MSELVES BECOM+ [N]S ( ! 
      MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 I4E4 ( O!R M54 ,! RES\RCES ( NATURE !RE=E1 
      & ! WEAL? US$ = ! PRODUCTION ( FUR!R WEAL?1 ! PLANT & /OCK 9 
      %ORT1 %\LD BE COMMUNIZ$4 ,N[ IF ?AT W]E DONE1 IT W\LD AT ONCE *ECK ! 
      ACCUMULATION ( RI*ES4 ,NO MAN CAN BECOME IMM5SELY RI* BY ! /OR+ UP ( 
      WEAL? :I* IS ! RESULT ( ! LABOR ( HIS [N BRA9 & H&S3 TO BECOME V]Y 
      RI* HE MU/ BY CAJOL]Y OR =CE DEPRIVE O!RS ( :AT !IR BRA9S OR H&S HAVE 
      E>N$ = !M3 ! UTMO/ ?AT ! MO/ ACQUISITIVE MAN C\LD DO W\LD BE TO 
      9DUCE HIS FELL[ CITIZ5S TO PAY HIM EXTRA = HIS SPECIAL TAL5TS1 IF !Y 
      SPECIALLY LONG$ = HIS PRODUCTIONS4 ,BUT S9CE NO ONE C\LD BE V]Y RI*1 & 
      S9CE TAL5T = SPECIAL WORK IS NEV] SO V]Y R>E1 & W\LD T5D TO BECOME LESS 
      R>E AS M5 W]E FRE] TO *OOSE ! OCCUPATIONS MO/ SUITABLE = !M1 PRODUC]S 
      ( SPECIALTIES C\LD NOT EXACT V]Y EXORBITANT PAYM5T1 SO ?AT ! 
      >I/OCRACY ( TAL5T1 EV5 IF IT APPE>$1 W\LD T5D TO DISAPPE>1 EV5 9 ?IS 
      FIR/ /ATE ( 9COMPLETE ,COMMUNISM4 ,9 %ORT !RE W\LD BE NO V]Y RI* M53 & 
      ALL W\LD BE WELL (F3 ALL W\LD BE F> ABOVE ! CONDITION ( SATISFACTION ( 
      !IR MAT]IAL NECESSITIES4 ,Y\ MAY SAY H[ DO ,I KN[ ?AT8 ,! ANSW] IS BECAUSE 
      !RE C\LD NOT BE SO MU* WA/E AS !RE IS N[4 ,WA/E W\LD T5D TO DISAPPE>4 
      ,= :AT IS WA/E8 ,FIR/1 ! CAUSELESS DE/RUCTION ( RAW MAT]IAL2 & SECONDLY1 
      ! DIV]T+ ( LABOR FROM USEFUL PRODUCTION4 ,Y\ MAY ASK ME :AT IS ! /&>D 
      ( USEFULNESS 9 W>ES8 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID1 & ,I SUPPOSE ! COMMON VIEW ( ?AT 
      PO9T IS1 ?AT ! PRICE 9 ! M>KET GIVES US ! /&>D2 BUT IS A LOAF ( 
      BREAD OR A SAW LESS USEFUL ?AN A ,ME*L9 LACE VEIL OR A DIAMOND NECKLACE8 ,! 
      TRU? IS ?AT 9 A SOCIETY ( 9EQUALITY1 A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE >E V]Y RI* 
      PEOPLE & V]Y POOR ONES1 ! /&>D ( USEFULNESS IS UTT]LY CONFUS$3 9 SU* 
      A SOCIETY ! M>KET PRICE ( AN >TICLE IS GIV5 US BY ! NECESSITIES ( ! POOR 
      & ! 9ORD9ATE CRAV+S ( ! RI*2 OR RA!R 9DE$ !IR NECESSITY 
      = SP5D+ !IR WEAL? - OR RA!R !IR RI*ES - SOMEH[3 BY NO MEANS 
      NECESS>ILY 9 PLEASURE4 ,BUT 9 A SOCIETY ( EQUALITY ! DEM& = AN >TICLE 
      W\LD BE A /&>D ( ITS USEFULNESS 9 ONE WAY OR O!R4 ,& IT W\LD BE 
      A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT UNTIL EV]YBODY HAD HIS ABSOLUTE NECESSITIES & HIS 
      REASONABLE COM=TS SATISFI$1 !RE W\LD BE NO PLACE = ! PRODUCTION ( 
      LUXURIES2 & ALWAYS LABOR W\LD BE EMPLOY$ 9 PRODUC+ ?+S ?AT PEOPLE 7ALL 
      ! PEOPLE1 S9CE CLASSES W\LD HAVE DISAPPE>$7 REALLY WANT4 
     
     

      ,REMEMB] :AT ! WA/E ( A SOCIETY ( 9EQUALITY IS3 #a/3 ,! PRODUCTION ( 
      SORDID MAKE%IFTS = ! SUPPLY ( POOR FOLK :O CANNOT AF=D ! REAL >TICLE4 
      #bND3 ! PRODUCTION ( LUXURIES = RI* FOLK1 ! GREAT] P>T ( :I* EV5 !IR 
      P]SONAL FOLLY DOES NOT MAKE !M WANT4 ,& #cRDLY3 ! WEAL? WA/$ BY ! 
      SALESMAN%IP ( COMPETITIVE COMM]CE1 TO :I* ! PRODUCTION ( W>ES IS BUT A 
      SECOND>Y OBJECT1 ITS FIR/ OBJECT BE+ ! PRODUCTION ( PR(IT = ! 
      9DIVIDUAL MANUFACTUR]4 ,Y\ UND]/& ?AT ! NECESS>Y DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS IS 
      NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS WA/E2 BUT ! 5DEAVOR ( EA* MANUFACTUR] TO GET AS NE> 
      AS HE CAN TO A MONOPOLY ( ! M>KET :I* HE SUPPLIES4 
     
     

      ,! M9IMIZATION ( WA/E !RE=E1 :I* W\LD TAKE PLACE 9 ! 9COMPLETE FIR/ 
      /AGES ( A SOCIETY ( EQUALITY - A SOCIETY ONLY T5D+ TO EQUALITY - 
      W\LD MAKE US WEAL?Y3 LABOR W\LD NOT BE WA/$3 WORKM5 W\LD NOT BE EMPLOY$ 9 
      PRODUC+ EI!R SLAVE-W>ES1 OR TOYS = RI* M53 !IR G5U9E WELL MADE W>ES 
      W\LD BE MADE = O!R WORKM5 :O W\LD KN[ :AT !Y WANT$4 ,:5 ! W>ES 
      W]E ( SU* A K9D AS REQUIR$ V]Y EXQUISITE SKILL & LONG TRA9+ TO PRODUCE1 
      OR :5 ! MAT]IAL US$ WAS F> FET*$ & DE> B\<T1 !Y W\LD NOT CEASE TO 
      BE PRODUC$1 EV5 ?\< PRIVATE CITIZ5S C\LD NOT ACQUIRE !M3 !Y W\LD BE 
      PRODUC$ = ! PUBLIC USE1 & !IR REAL VALUE BE 5ORM\SLY 9CREAS$ !REBY1 
      & ! NATURAL & HONE/ PRIDE ( ! WORKMAN DULY SATISFI$4 ,= SURELY WEAL?Y 
      PEOPLE WILL NOT PUT UP ) SORDID SURR\ND+S OR /+9ESS 9 PUBLIC 
      9/ITUTIONS3 !Y WILL ASSUR$LY HAVE S*OOLS1 LIBR>IES1 MUSEUMS1 P>KS & ALL 
      ! RE/ ( IT REAL & G5U9E1 NOT MAKE%IFTS = SU* ?+S3 ESPECIALLY AS 
      BE+ NO LONG] OPPRESS$ BY FE>S = !IR LIVELIHOOD1 & ALL ! DISMAL 
      9CID5TS ( ! BATTLE = M]E EXI/5CE1 !Y WILL BE ABLE TO 5JOY !SE ?+S 
      ?OR\<LY3 !Y WILL BE ABLE 9 FACT TO USE !M1 :I* !Y CANNOT DO N[4 ,BUT 9 
      ALL ,I HAVE BE5 SAY+ AB\T ?IS NEW SOCIETY HI!RTO ,I HAVE BE5 ?9K+1 ,I MU/ 
      REM9D Y\1 ( ITS 9*OATE & 9COMPLETE /AGES3 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 
      COMMUNIZ$ BUT ! RESULT+ WEAL? /ILL PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,TRU? TO TELL1 ,I ?9K 
      ?AT SU* A /ATE ( ?+S C\LD ONLY EMBRACE A V]Y %ORT P]IOD ( TRANSITION TO 
      COMPLETE COMMUNISM3 A P]IOD :I* W\LD ONLY LA/ :ILE PEOPLE W]E %AK+ D[N 
      9TO ! NEW ,SOCIETY2 = IF !RE W]E NO POOR PEOPLE ,I DON'T SEE H[ !RE C\LD 
      BE ANY RI*4 ,!RE W\LD 9DE$ BE A NATURAL COMPULSION1 :I* W\LD PREV5T ANY 
      MAN FROM DO+ :AT HE WAS NOT FITT$ =1 BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT DO IT USEFULLY2 & 
      ,I NE$ NOT SAY ?AT 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ! WEAL? ,I HAVE BE5 SPEAK+ ( WE 
      MU/ ALL WORK USEFULLY4 ,BUT IF A MAN DOES WORK USEFULLY Y\ CAN'T DO )\T HIM2 
      & IF Y\ CAN'T DO )\T HIM Y\ CAN ONLY PUT HIM 9TO AN 9F]IOR POSITION TO 
      ANO!R USEFUL CITIZ5 BY MEANS ( COMPULSION2 & IF Y\ COMPEL HIM TO IT1 Y\ AT 
      ONCE HAVE Y\R PRIVILEG$ CLASSES AGA94 ,AGA91 :5 ALL PEOPLE >E LIV+ 
      COM=TABLY OR EV5 H&SOMELY1 ! KE5NESS ( ! /RIFE = ! BETT] 
      POSITIONS1 :I* WILL !N NO LONG] 9VOLVE A LIFE ( IDL5ESS OR P[] OV] ONE'S 
      NEI<BORS1 WILL SURELY T5D TO ABATE3 M5 GET RI* N[ 9 !IR /RUGGLES NOT TO 
      BE POOR1 & BECAUSE !IR RI*ES %IELD !M FROM SUFF]+ FROM ! HORRORS :I* 
      >E A NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T ( ! EXI/5CE ( RI* M52 E4G41 ! 
      SI<T ( SLUMS1 ! SQUALOR ( A FACTORY C\NTRY1 ! YELLS & EVIL LANGUAGE ( 
      DRUNK5 & BRUTALIZ$ POOR PEOPLE & SO =?4 ,BUT :5 ALL PRIVATE LIFE WAS 
      DEC5T &1 AP>T FROM NATURAL ACCID5T1 HAPPY2 & :5 PUBLIC 9/ITUTIONS 
      SATISFI$ Y\R CRAV+ = SPL5DOR & COMPLET5ESS2 & :5 NO ONE WAS ALL[$ 
      TO 9JURE ! PUBLIC BY DEFIL+ ! NATURAL BEAUTY ( ! E>?1 OR BY =BIDD+ 
      M5'S CRAV+S = MAK+ IT MORE BEAUTIFUL TO HAVE FULL SWAY1 :AT ADVANTAGE W\LD 
      !RE BE 9 HAV+ MORE NOM9AL WEAL? ?AN Y\R NEI<BOR8 ,!RE=E1 AS ON ! 
      ONE H& M5 :OSE WORK WAS ACKN[L$G$ AS USEFUL W\LD SC>CELY SUBJECT 
      !MSELVES TO A NEW SY/EM ( CA/E2 &1 ON ! O!R1 PEOPLE LIV+ HAPPILY ) 
      ALL !IR REASONABLE NE$S EASILY SATISFI$ W\LD H>DLY WORRY !MSELVES ) 
      WORRY+ O!RS 9TO GIV+ !M EXTRA WEAL? :I* !Y C\LD NOT USE1 SO ,I ?9K 
      ! COMMUNIZATION ( ! MEANS ( 9DU/RY W\LD SPE$ILY BE FOLL[$ BY ! 
      COMMUNIZATION ( ITS PRODUCT3 ?AT IS ?AT !RE W\LD BE COMPLETE EQUALITY ( 
      CONDITION AMONG ALL M54 ,:I* AGA9 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT PEOPLE W\LD 7ALL R\ND7 
      USE !IR NEI<BORS' COATS1 OR H\SES OR TOO?-BRU%ES1 BUT ?AT EV]Y ONE1 
      :ATEV] WORK HE DID1 W\LD HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY ( SATISFY+ ALL HIS REASONABLE 
      NE$S ACCORD+ TO ! ADMITT$ /&>D ( ! SOCIETY 9 :I* HE LIV$3 
      I4E41 )\T ROBB+ ANY O!R CITIZ54 ,& ,I MU/ SAY IT IS 9 ! 
      BELIEF ?AT ?IS IS POSSIBLE ( REALIZATION ?AT ,I CONT9UE TO BE A ,SOCIALI/4 
      ,PROVE TO ME ?AT IT IS NOT2 & ,I WILL NOT TR\BLE MYSELF TO DO MY %>E T[>DS 
      ALT]+ ! PRES5T /ATE ( SOCIETY1 BUT WILL TRY TO LIVE ON1 AS LITTLE A PA9 TO 
      MYSELF & A NUISANCE TO MY NEI<BOR AS ,I MAY4 ,BUT YET ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT ,I 
      %ALL BE MORE OR LESS BO? A PA9 TO MYSELF 7OR AT LEA/ A DISGRACE7 & A NUISANCE 
      TO MY NEI<BOR4 ,= ,I DO DECL>E ?AT ANY O!R /ATE ( SOCIETY BUT ,COMMUNISM IS 
      GRIEV\S & DISGRACEFUL TO ALL BELONG+ TO IT4 
     
     

      ,SOME ( Y\ MAY EXPECT ME TO SAY SOME?+ AB\T ! MA*9]Y BY :I* A 
      COMMUNI/IC SOCIETY IS TO BE C>RI$ ON4 ,WELL1 ,I CAN SAY V]Y LITTLE ?AT IS NOT 
      M]ELY NEGATIVE4 ,MO/ ANTI-SOCIALI/S & EV5 SOME ,SOCIALI/S >E APT TO CONFUSE1 
      AS ,I H9T$ BE=E1 ! COOP]ATIVE MA*9]Y T[>DS :I* MOD]N LIFE IS T5D+ 
      ) ! ESS5CE ( ,SOCIALISM ITSELF2 & ITS 5EMIES ATTACK IT1 & SOMETIMES ITS 
      FRI5DS DEF5D IT ON ?OSE L9ES2 BO? TO MY M9D COMMITT+ A GRIEV\S ]ROR1 
      ESPECIALLY ! LATT]4 ,E4G4 ,AN ANTI-SOCIALI/ WILL SAY1 ,H[ WILL Y\ SAIL 
      A %IP 9 A SOCIALI/ CONDITION8 ,H[8 ,:Y ) A CAPTA9 & MATES & 
      SAIL+-MA/] & 5G9E] 7IF IT BE A /EAM]7 & ,A4,B4S & /OK]S & SO ON 
      & SO ON4 ,ONLY !RE WILL BE NO #a/ #bND & #cRD CLASS AMONG ! 
      PASS5G]S3 ! SAILORS & /OK]S WILL BE AS WELL F$ & LODG$ AS ! CAPTA9 
      OR PASS5G]S2 & ! CAPTA9 & ! /OK] WILL HAVE ! SAME PAY4 
     
     

      ,!RE >E PL5TY ( 5T]PRISES :I* WILL BE C>RI$ ON !N1 AS !Y >E N[ 7& 
      PROBABLY MU/ BE1 TO BE SUCCESSFUL71 UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ONE MAN4 ,! ONLY 
      DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !N & N[ WILL BE1 ?AT HE WILL BE *OS5 BECAUSE HE IS FIT 
      = ! WORK1 & NOT BECAUSE HE MU/ HAVE A JOB F\ND = HIM2 & ?AT HE WILL DO 
      HIS WORK = ! B5EFIT ( EA* & ALL1 & NOT = ! SAKE ( MAK+ A PR(IT4 
      ,= ! RE/1 TIME WILL TEA* US :AT NEW MA*9]Y MAY BE NECESS>Y TO ! NEW 
      LIFE2 REASONABLE M5 WILL SUBMIT TO IT )\T DEMUR2 & UNREASONABLE ONES WILL 
      F9D !MSELVES COMPELL$ TO BY ! NATURE ( ?+S1 & CAN ONLY ,I FE> CONSOLE 
      !MSELVES1 AS ! PHILOSOPH] DID :5 HE KNOCK$ HIS HEAD AGA9/ ! DOORPO/1 
      BY DAMN+ ! ,NATURE ( ?+S4 
     
     

      ,WELL1 S9CE \R AIM IS SO GREAT & SO MU* TO BE LONG$ =1 ! SUB/ITUT+ 
      ?R\<\T ALL SOCIETY ( PEACE = W>1 PLEASURE & SELF-RESPECT = GRIEF & 
      DISGRACE1 WE MAY WELL SEEK AB\T /R5U\SLY = SOME MEANS = />T+ \R 
      5T]PRISE2 & S9CE IT IS JU/ !SE MEANS 9 :I* ! DIFFICULTY LIES1 ,I APPEAL 
      TO ALL ,SOCIALI/S1 :ILE !Y EXPRESS !IR ?\<TS & FEEL+S AB\T !M 
      HONE/LY & FE>LESSLY1 NOT TO MAKE A QU>REL ( IT ) ?OSE :OSE AIM IS ONE 
      ) !IRS1 BECAUSE !RE IS A DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION BETWE5 !M AB\T ! 
      USEFULNESS ( ! DETAILS ( ! MEANS4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT OR EV5 IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO 
      MAKE MI/AKES AB\T !SE1 DRIV5 AS WE >E BY ! SWIFT LAPSE ( TIME & ! 
      NECESSITY = DO+ SOME?+ AMID IT ALL4 ,SO LET US =GIVE ! MI/AKES ?AT 
      O!RS MAKE1 EV5 IF WE MAKE NONE \RSELVES1 & BE AT PEACE AMONG \RSELVES1 
      ?AT WE MAY ! BETT] MAKE W> UPON ! MONOPOLI/4 
     
     

      "9 ,! PUBLIC TO WIT1 I4E41 ! WORK]S  
      !MSELVES 9 !IR O!R POSITION ( CONSUM]S4 BACK 
   
      ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,NOTE 
     
     
       ,TITLE 
     
     

      ,COMMUNISM 
     
     
       ,S\RCE 
     
     

      ,FABIAN TRACT #a#a#c1 #aic 
     
     
      ,DELIV]Y 
     
    #a#i? ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#c1 TO ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY 
    #a? ,M>* #ahic AT A MEET+ 9 AID ( ! ,FRE$OM PUBLICATION FUND4  
     
      ,PUBLICATION 
     
    ,A REPORT WAS PR9T$ 9 ! ,FRE$OM J\RNAL = ,MAY #a#h#i#c4 
    ,PUBLI%$ AS ,FABIAN ,TRACT ,NO4 #aac 9 #a#i#c4 
    ,TRANSLAT$ TO ,G]MAN 9 ,DOKUM5TE DES ,SOZIALISMUS1 $4 ,$U>D ,B]N/E91 ,BD4 ,I,I-,I,I,I1 ,/UTTG>T1 ,DIETZ1 #a#i#c1 ,S4 #e#e-#e#a#c4 

     

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,COMMUNISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,COMMUNISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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