,COMMUNISM & ,9DIVIDUALISM 

#aibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,9 HIS REC5T >TICLE ,NETTLAU /ATES ?AT ! REASON1 OR AT LEA/ ONE ( ! REASONS :Y1 AFT] SO MANY YE>S ( PROPAG&A1 /RUGGLE & SACRIFICES1 ,AN>*ISM HAS /ILL NOT MANAG$ TO ATTRACT ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE & 9SPIRE !M TO REVOLT1 LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! AN>*I/S ( ! TWO S*OOLS ( COMMUNISM & 9DIVIDUALISM HAVE EA* SET \T !IR [N ECONOMIC !ORY AS ! ONLY SOLUTION TO ! SOCIAL PROBLEM & HAVE NOT1 AS A RESULT1 SUCCE$$ 9 P]SUAD+ PEOPLE ?AT !IR IDEAS CAN BE REALIZ$4 

,I REALLY BELIEVE ?AT ! ESS5TIAL REASON = \R LACK ( SUCCESS IS ?AT GIV5 ! PRES5T 5VIRONM5T -- GIV51 ?AT IS1 ! MAT]IAL & MORAL CONDITIONS ( ! MASS ( ! WORK]S & ?OSE :O1 ?\< NOT WORK]S PRODUC+ GOODS >E VICTIMS ( ! SAME SOCIAL /RUCTURE -- \R PROPAG&A CAN ONLY HAVE LIMIT$ SCOPE1 & NONE :ATSOEV] 9 SOME WRET*$ >EAS & AMONG ?OSE /RATA ( ! POPULATION ?AT LIVE 9 ! GREATE/ PHYSICAL & MORAL MIS]Y4 ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT ONLY :5 ! SITUATION *ANGES & BECOMES MORE FAVORABLE TO US 7SOME?+ :I* C\LD HAPP5 P>TICUL>LY 9 REVOLUTION>Y TIMES & ?R\< \R [N EF=TS7 WILL \R IDEAS W9 OV] AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE & 9CREASE ! POSSIBILITY ( \R PUTT+ !M 9TO PRACTICE4 ,! DIVISION BETWE5 COMMUNI/S & 9DIVIDUALI/S HAS LITTLE TO DO ) IT1 S9CE ?IS REALLY ONLY 9T]E/S ?OSE :O ALREADY >E AN>*I/S1 & ! SMALL M9ORITY ( POT5TIAL AN>*I/S4 

,BUT IT NEV]!LESS IS TRUE ?AT ! POLEMICS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALI/S & COMMUNI/S HAVE (T5 ABSORB$ MU* ( \R 5]GY4 ,!Y HAVE PREV5T$1 EV5 :5 IT WAS POSSIBLE1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A FRANK & FRAT]NAL COLLABORATION BETWE5 ALL AN>*I/S & HAVE HELD AT BAY MANY :O1 HAD WE BE5 UNIT$1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ATTRACT$ BY \R PASSION = LIB]TY4 ,NETTLAU !RE=E DOES WELL TO PREA* H>MONY & 
TO %[ ?AT = REAL FRE$OM1 ?AT IS ,AN>*Y1 TO EXI/1 !RE HAS TO BE ! POSSIBILITY ( *OICE1 & ?AT EV]YONE CAN >RANGE !IR LIVES TO SUIT !MSELVES1 :E!R ON COMMUNI/ OR 9DIVIDUALI/ L9ES1 OR SOME MIXTURE ( BO?4 

,BUT ,NETTLAU IS MI/AK51 9 MY VIEW1 TO BELIEVE ?AT ! DIFF]5CES AMONG AN>*I/S :O CALL !MSELVES COMMUNI/S1 & ?OSE CALL+ !MSELVES 9DIVIDUALI/S IS REALLY BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT EA* HAS ( ECONOMIC LIFE 7PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION7 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,AFT] ALL1 !SE >E QUE/IONS ?AT CONC]N A F> DI/ANT FUTURE2 & IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! IDEAL1 ! ULTIMATE GOAL1 IS ! BEACON ?AT GUIDES OR %\LD GUIDE ! CONDUCT ( M5 & WOM51 IT IS EV5 MORE TRUE ?AT :AT1 MORE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 DET]M9ES AGREEM5T & DISAGREEM5T IS NOT :AT WE WANT TO DO TOMORR[1 BUT :AT WE DO & WANT TO DO TODAY4 ,9 G5]AL WE GET ON BETT] & HAVE MORE 9T]E/ 9 GETT+ ON ) FELL[-TRAVEL]S :O MAKE ! SAME J\RNEY AS US BUT ) A DIFF]5T DE/9ATION 9 M9D1 ?AN WE DO ) ?OSE :O1 ?\< !Y SAY !Y WANT TO GO TO ! SAME PLACE AS US1 TAKE AN OPPOSITE ROAD6 ,?US IT HAS HAPP5$ ?AT AN>*I/S (V>I\S T5D5CIES1 DESPITE BASICALLY WANT+ ! SAME ?+1 F9D !MSELVES1 9 !IR DAILY LIVES & 9 !IR PROPAG&A1 9 FI]CE OPPOSITION TO ONE ANO!R4 

,GIV5 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( AN>*ISM -- NAMELY1 ?AT NO-ONE %\LD HAVE ! DESIRE OR ! MEANS TO OPPRESS O!RS & =CE O!RS TO WORK = !M -- IT IS CLE> ?AT ,AN>*ISM 9VOLVES ALL & ONLY ?OSE =MS (LIFE ?AT RESPECT LIB]TY & RECOGNIZE ?AT EV]Y P]SON HAS AN EQUAL RI<T TO 5JOY ! GOOD ?+S (NATURE & ! PRODUCTS ( !IR [N ACTIVITY4 

,IT IS UNCONTE/$ BY AN>*I/S ?AT ! REAL1 CONCRETE BE+1 ! BE+ :O HAS CONSCI\SNESS & FEELS1 5JOYS & SUFF]S1 IS ! 9DIVIDUAL & ?AT ,SOCIETY1 F> FROM BE+ SUP]IOR TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IS ?AT 9DIVIDUAL'S 9/RUM5T & SLAVE2 MU/ BE NO MORE ?AN ! UNION ( ASSOCIAT$ M5 & WOM5 = ! GREAT] GOOD ( ALL4 ,& FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW IT C\LD BE SAID ?AT WE >E ALL 9DIVIDUALI/S4 

,BUT TO BE AN>*I/S IT IS NOT 5\< TO WANT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ALONE4 ,WE MU/ ALSO WANT ! EMANCIPATION ( ALL4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO REBEL AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,WE MU/ REFUSE TO BE OPPRESSORS4 ,WE NE$ TO UND]/& ! BONDS ( SOLID>ITY1 NATURAL OR DESIR$ :I* L9K HUMANITY1 TO LOVE \R FELL[ BE+S1 SUFF] FROM 
O!RS' MIS=TUNE1 NOT FEEL HAPPY IFONE IS AWASRE (! UNHAPP9ESS ( O!RS4 ,& ?IS IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ECONOMIC ASSETS1 BUT (FEEL+S OR1 AS IT IS !ORETICALLY CALL$1 A QUE/ION ( E?ICS4 

,GIV5 SU* PR9CIPLES & SU* FEEL+S :I*1 DESPITE DIFF]5CES ( LANGUAGE1 >E COMMON TO ALL AN>*I/S1 IT IS A QUE/IONS ( F9D+ ?OSE SOLUTIONS TO ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( LIFE ?AT MO/ RESPECT LIB]TY & BE/ SATISFY \R FEEL+S ( LOVE & SOLID>ITY4 

,?OSE AN>*I/S :O CALL !MSELVES COMMUNI/S 7& ,I AM AMONG !M7 >E COMMUNI/ NOT BECAUSE !Y WANT TO IMPOSE !IR SPECIFIC WAY ( SEE+ OR BELIEVE ?AT IT IS ! ONLY MEANS ( SALVATION1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E CONV9C$1 & WILL REMA9 SO UNLESS !RE IS EVID5CE TO ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ! MORE M5 & WOM51 UNIT$ 9 COMRADE%IP1 & ! CLOS] !IR COOP]ATION ON BEHALF ( ALL1 ! GREAT] WILL BE ! WELL-BE+ & ! FRE$OM ?AT EV]YBODY WILL 5JOY4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT EV5 :]E PEOPLE >E FRE$ FROM HUMAN OPPRESSION !Y REMA9 EXPOS$ TO ! HO/ILE =CES ( NATURE1 :I* !Y CANNOT OV]COME ON !IR [N1 BUT ?AT ) ! COOP]ATION ( O!RS1 !Y CAN CONTROL & TRANS=M 9TO ! MEANS ( !IR WELL-BE+4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL :O WI%$ TO SUPPLY HIS [N MAT]IAL NE$S BY WORK+ ALONE W\LD BE ! SLAVE (HIS LABORS4 ,A PEASANT1 = 9/ANCE1 :O WANT$ TO CULTIVATE A PIECE ( GR\ND ALL ALONE1 W\LD BE R5\NC+ ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( COOP]ATION & CONDEMN+ HIMELF TO A WRET*$ LIFE3 NO RE/1 NO TRAVEL1 NO /UDY1 NO CONTACTS ) ! \TSIDE WORLD 444 & HE W\LD NOT ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPEASE HIS HUNG]4 

,IT IS GROTESQUE TO ?9K ?AT SOME AN>*I/S1 9 SPITE ( CALL+ !MSELVES & BE+ COMMUNI/S1 WANT TO LIVE AS IT W]E 9 A CONV5T1 SUBMITT+ !MSELVES TO A COMMON REGIME ( UNI=M MEALS1 CLO!S1 ETC4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE JU/ AS ABSURD TO ?9K !Y S\<T TO DO :AT !Y WANT$ )\T REF]5CE TO ! NE$S ( O!RS1 ! RI<TS ( ALL TO EQUAL FRE$OM4 ,EV]YONE KN[S1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT ,KROPOTK91 ONE ( ! MO/ PASSIONATE & ELOQU5T PROPAGATORS ( ! COMMUNI/ VIEW1 WAS AT ! SAME TIME A GREAT APO/LE ( 9DIVIDUAL 9DEP5D5CE1 ) A PASSIONATE DESIRE = EV]YONE TO BE ABLE TO FREELY DEVELOP & SATISFY !IR [N >TI/IC TA/ES1 DEVOTE !MSELVES TO SCI5TIFIC RESE>*1 F9D A MEANS ( H>MONI\SLY UNIT+ MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR SO ?AT HUMAN BE+S C\LD BECOME SO 9 ! MO/ ELEVAT$ S5SE ( ! WORD4 

,MOREOV]1 ! COMMUNI/S 7! AN>*I/ ONES7 BELIEVE ?AT BECAUSE ( NATURAL DIFF]5CES 9 F]TILITY1 HEAL? & LOCATION ( ! SOIL IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO 5SURE ?AT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 5JOY$ EQUAL WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y >E AW>E ( ! IMM5SE DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE1 )\T A LONG P]IOD ( FREE DEVELOPM5T1 ! UNIV]SAL1 VOLUNT>Y COMMUNISM :I* !Y BELIEVE TO BE ! SUPREME IDEAL (HUMANITY1 EMANCIPAT$ & BR\<T TOGE!R 9 COMRADE%IP4 ,!Y HAVE !RE=E COME TO A CONCLUSION ?AT C\LD BE SUMM$ UP ) ?IS =MULA3 ,! GREAT] ! POSSIBILITY ( COMMUNISM1 ! GREAT] ! POSSIBILITY ( 9DIVIDUALISM2 9 O!R WORDS1 ! GREATE/ SOLID>ITY TO 5JOY ! GREATE/ LIB]TY4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 9DIVIDUALISM 7! AN>*I/ V>IETY7 IS A REACTION AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM -- ! FIR/ CONCEPT 9 HI/ORY TO HAVE PRES5T$ ITSELF TO ! HUMAN M9D 9 ! =M ( A RATIONAL & JU/ SOCIETY1 9FLU5C+ TO A GREAT] OR LESS] EXT5T ALL UTOPIAS & ATTEMPTS AT SETT+ !M UP 9 PRACTICE -- A REACTION1 ,I REPEAT1 AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM :I*1 9 ! NAME ( EQUALITY1 OB/RUCTS & ALMO/ DE/ROYS ! HUMAN P]SONALITY4 ,! 9DIVIDUALI/S GIVE ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE TO AN AB/RACT CONCEPT ( FRE$OM & FAIL TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT1 OR DWELL ON ! FACT ?AT REAL1 CONCRETE FRE$OM IS ! \TCOME ( SOLID>ITY & VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION4 ,IT W\LD BE UNJU/ TO BELIEVE ! 9DIVIDUALI/S SEEK TO DEPRIVE !MSELVES ( ! B5EFITS ( COOP]ATION & CONDEMN !MSELVES TO AN IMPOSSIBLE ISOLATION4 ,!Y C]TA9LY BELIEVE ?AT TO WORK 9 ISOLATION IS FRUITLESS & ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL1 TO 5SURE A LIV+ AS A HUMAN BE+ & TO MAT]IALLY & MORALLY 5JOY ALL ! B5EFITS ( CIVILIZATION1 MU/ EI!R EXPLOIT -- DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY -- ! LABOR ( O!RS & WAX FAT ON ! MIS]Y ( ! WORK]S1 OR ASSOCIATE ) HIS FELL[S & %>E ) !M ! PA9S & ! JOYS ( LIFE4 ,& S9CE1 BE+ AN>*I/S1 !Y CANNOT ALL[ ! EXPLOITATION ( ONE BY ANO!R1 !Y MU/ NECESS>ILY AGREE ?AT TO BE FREE & LIVE AS HUMAN BE+S !Y HAVE TO ACCEPT SOME DEGREE & =M ( VOLUNT>Y COMMUNISM4 

,9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 !RE=E1 :I* IS :]E ! SPLIT BETWE5 COMMUNI/S & 9DIVIDUALI/S APP>5TLY LIES1 CONCILIATION %\LD RAPIDLY BE BR\<T AB\T BY COMMON /RUGGLE = ! CONDITIONS ( TRUE LIB]TY & !N BY LEAV+ IT TO EXP]I5CE TO RESOLVE ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS (LIFE4 ,DISCUSSIONS1 /UDIES1 !ORIES1 EV5 CONFLICTS BETWE5 
DIFF]5T T5D5CIES1 W\LD !N ALL BE GRI/ TO ! MILL AS WE PREP>E \RSELVES = \R FUTURE TASKS4 

,BUT :Y !N1 IF ON ! ECONOMIC QUE/ION ! DIFF]5CES >E MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL1 & 9 ANY CASE >E EASILY OV]COME1 IS !RE ?IS ET]NAL DISS5SION1 ?IS HO/ILITY :I* SOMETIMES BECOMES \TRI<T 5MITY BETWE5 ?OSE :O1 AS ,NETTLAU SAYS1 >E SO CLOSE TO ONE ANO!R1 MOTIVAT$ BY ! SAME PASSIONS & IDEALS8 

,AS ,I M5TION$ E>LI]1 DIFF]5CES AS TO ! PLANS & !ORIES REG>D+ ! FUTURE ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY >E NOT ! REAL REASON = ?IS P]SI/5T DIVISION1 :I* IS1 RA!R1 CREAT$ & MA9TA9$ BY MORE IMPORTANT1 & ABOVE ALL1 MORE TOPICAL DISS5T ON MORAL & POLITICAL ISSUES4 

,I DO NOT SPEAK ( ?OSE :O DESCRIBE !MSELVES AS AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/S ONLY TO %[ !IR F]OCI\SLY B\RGEOIS 9/9CTS :5 !Y PROCLAIM !IR CONTEMPT = HUMANITY1 !IR 9S5SIBILITY TO ! SUFF]+S ( O!RS & !IR LONG+ = DOM9ION4 ,NOR DO ,I SPEAK ( ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES COMMUNI/ AN>*I/1 BUT >E BASICALLY AU?ORIT>IAN1 & BELIEVE !Y >E 9 POSSESSION ( ! ABSOLUTE TRU? & AW>D !MSELVES ! RI<T TO IMPOSE IT ON ! RE/ ( US4 

,COMMUNI/S & 9DIVIDUALI/S HAVE (T5 MADE ! MI/AKE ( WELCOM+ & RECOGNIZ+ AS COMRADES ?OSE :O %>E ) !M ONLY SOME COMMON VOCABUL>Y OR EXT]NAL APPE>ANCE4 

,I MEAN TO SPEAK ( ?OSE ,I CONSID] ! REAL AN>*I/S4 ,!SE >E DIVID$ ON MANY PO9TS ( G5U9E & TOPICAL IMPORTANCE & CAN BE CLASS$ AS COMMUNI/S OR 9DIVIDUALI/S1 G5]ALLY \T ( HABIT1 )\T ! ISSUES ?AT REALLY DIVIDE !M HAV+ ANY?+ TO DO ) QUE/IONS CONC]N+ ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 

,AMONG ! AN>*I/S !RE >E ! REVOLUTION>IES1 :O BELIEVE ?AT ! VIOL5CE ?AT UPHOLDS ! PRES5T ORD] MU/ BE DEFEAT$ BY VIOL5CE 9 ORD] TO CREATE AN 5VIRONM5T :I* ALL[S ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALS & COLLECTIVITIES2 & !RE >E ! $UCATIONALI/S1 :O BELIEVE ?AT SOCIAL *ANGE CAN ONLY COME AB\T BY FIR/ *ANG+ 9DIVIDUALS ?R\< $UCATION & PROPAG&A4 ,!RE >E ! P>TISANS ( NONRESI/ANCE OR PASSIVE RESI/ANCE1 :O %R9K FROM VIOL5CE EV5 :]E IT S]VES TO REPEL VIOL5CE1 & !RE >E ?OSE :O ADMIT TO ! NECESSITY = VIOL5CE BUT :O >E 9 TUM DIVID$ AS TO ! NATURE1 SCOPE & B\ND>IES ( LEGITIMATE VIOL5CE4 ,!RE >E DISAGREEM5TS OV] ! ATTITUDE ( AN>*I/S TO ! UNIONS2 
DISAGREEM5TS ON ! AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATION OR NON-ORGANIZATION ( AN>*I/S2 P]MAN5T OR OCCASIONAL DISAGREEM5TS ON ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! AN>*I/S & O!R SUBV]SIVE GR\P+S4 

,IT IS ON !SE & SIMIL> PROBLEMS WE NE$ TO COME TO SOME UND]/&+2 OR IF1 AS IT APPE>S1 AGREEM5T IS NOT POSSIBLE1 !N WE NE$ TO KN[ H[ TO TOL]ATE ONE ANO!R4 ,WORK TOGE!R :5 !RE IS CONS5SUS & :5 !RE IS NOT1 ALL[ EA* O!R TO ACT AS !Y ?9K BE/1 )\T 9T]F]+4 

,AFT] ALL1 :5 ONE ?9KS AB\T IT1 NO-ONE CAN BE SURE ( BE+ RI<T1 & NO-ONE IS ALWAYS RI<T4 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION3 ,POLEMICAL ,>TICLES #a#i#b#d-#a#i#c#a1 $IT$ & 9TRODUC$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS4 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS ,LONDON #a#i#i#e47 

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,M>* #c#a1 #aibf 3 ,COMMUNISM & ,9DIVIDUALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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