,COMMON+ & ,SC>CITY 
A MANIFE/O AGA9/ CAPITALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,! COMMONS >E A WORLD AP>T FROM CAPITALISM4 ,!Y >E A S\RCE ( LIVELIHOOD ?AT PEOPLE %>E4 ,BE=E ! SPREAD ( CAPITALISM1 MO/ ( ! PLANET WAS COMMONS4 ,CULTURES ?AT TREAT$ ! COMMONS AS A GIFT FROM NATURE ?AT HAD TO BE TREAT$ ) RESPECT1 T5D$ TO HAVE ! MO/ B\NTIFUL COMMONS & !RE=E ! FEWE/ PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL4 ,CULTURES ?AT TREAT$ ! COMMONS AS PROP]TY OR AN EXPLOITABLE RES\RCE G5]ALLY EXHAU/$ !M1 & EI!R BR\<T AB\T !IR [N COLLAPSE OR HAD TO RESORT TO W>F>E & CONQUE/ TO SURVIVE4 ,SOME ( !SE CULTURES W\LD EV5TUALLY =M CAPITALISM4 

,CAPITALISM !ORIZES & CREATES SC>CITY4 ,CAPITALISM HAS ?RIV$ BY DE/ROY+ OR PRIVATIZ+ ! COMMONS :]EV] !Y >ISE4 ,AS LONG AS PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO ! COMMONS1 !Y CAN 5JOY A MEASURE ( SELF-SUFFICI5CY & CANNOT BE =C$ TO SELL !IR LABOR TO ! WEAL?Y 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,= COMMON PEOPLE1 CAPITALISM IS A BLACKMAIL3 WORK OR />VE4 ,! COMMONS (F] ANO!R OPTION3 SELF-SUFFICI5CY BY H>VE/+ ! GIFTS ( NATURE4 ,BECAUSE ! BASIS ( ! COMMONS IS ! SPONTANE\S GIFT1 PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 OR ( ! COMMONS (T5 RECREATE ! GIFT ECONOMY2 %>+1 COOP]AT+1 & HELP+ EA* O!R \T 9 ORD] TO ATTA9 A HI< /&>D ( LIV+4 ,ALSO = ?IS REASON1 ! COMMONS >E ! 5EMY ( CAPITALISM4 

,PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION--PRIVATIZ+ L& OR SEIZ+ WEAL? TO FUEL 9VE/M5T1 9DU/RY1 &1 9 A WORD1 CAPITALISM--IS NOT ONLY AN E>LY PHASE ( CAPITALISM1 AS !ORIZ$ BY ,ADAM ,SMI? OR ,K>L ,M>X4 ,PRIVATIZATION1 LEGALIZ$ !FT1 SLAV]Y1 & ! IMPOSITION ( LABOR DISCIPL9E >E CON/ANT ACTIVITIES 9 EV]Y MOM5T ( CAPITALISM1 FROM ! #a#e? TO ! #b#a/ C5TURIES4 

,LIKEWISE1 ! COMMONS >E NOT AN ANCI5T & \TDAT$ REALITY BUT AN EV] PRES5T POSSIBILITY ?AT REPEAT$LY ]UPTS 9TO \R DAILY LIVES1 CONTRADICT+ CAPITALISM'S MY? ( SC>CITY4 ,AFT] >ABLE L& WAS PRIVATIZ$ & 5CLOS$--9 ,EUROPE FROM ! #a#e? TO ! #a#g? C5TURIES1 9 ,9DIA & O!R COLONIES 9 ! #a#h? & #a#i? C5TURIES1 & 9 P>TS ( ,AFRICA TODAY--=E/S1 WOODL&S1 M>%ES1 & PA/URES BECAME ! PR9CIPAL COMMONS BECAUSE CAPITALISM WAS /ILL UNABLE TO EXPLOIT ?OSE >EAS EFFECTIVELY4 ,9 !SE COMMONS1 PEOPLE GA!R$ FRUITS1 NUTS1 M$IC9AL PLANTS1 FUEL & CON/RUCTION MAT]IALS1 !Y GRAZ$ LIVE/OCK1 HUNT$1 & FI%$4 ,!Y MAY NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO GET !IR DAILY BREAD FROM ! =E/S & PA/URES1 BUT !Y C\LD MEET MO/ ( !IR O!R NE$S4 

,N[ADAYS1 9 ORD] TO FUNCTION1 CAPITALISM MU/ BASE ITSELF ON AN EXAGG]AT$ & IMPRECISE MASS PRODUCTION4 ,?IS CREATES A HUGE AM\NT ( G>BAGE ?AT CAPITALISM IS /ILL UNABLE TO EXPLOIT EFFECTIVELY4 ,?IS G>BAGE IS ! NEW COMMONS3 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE >\ND ! WORLD SCAV5GE ! G>BAGE 9 ORD] TO GA!R FOOD1 CLO?+1 CON/RUCTION MAT]IALS1 OR ITEMS ?AT CAN BE SCRAPP$ & SOLD = MONEY4 ,MANY ( ! PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 ?IS WAY DEVELOP COOP]ATIVE CULTURES BAS$ ON %>+ & MUTUAL AID1 RELAT+ ?R\< SOLID>ITY RA!R ?AN ?R\< COMM]CIALIZ$ RELATIONS4 

,SKILLS1 CULTURE1 & TRADITIONAL WISDOM ALSO CON/ITUTE A COMMONS4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE TOOLS ?AT HELP PEOPLE RELATE ) !IR 5VIRONM5T1 GA9 !IR LIVELIHOOD1 & IMPROVE !IR QUALITY ( LIFE4 ,9 ! PA/1 !SE TOOLS W]E %>$ )9 SOCIETY4 ,= AB\T A C5TURY1 CAPITALISM HAS BE5 9CREAS+LY TRY+ TO PRIVATIZE KN[L$GE & CULTURE4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E RESI/+ ! PRIVATIZATION ( ! 9TELLECTUAL & CULTURAL COMMONS4 ,SOME PEOPLE DE/ROY FIELDS ( G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ CROPS [N$ BY COMPANIES SEEK+ TO PAT5T LIFE ITSELF1 SOME 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES KEEP \T AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 BIOLOGI/S & O!R RESE>*ES TRY+ TO CATALOG & PAT5T !IR TRADITIONAL MUSIC1 FOLK M$IC9E1 OR HEIRLOOM SE$S1 & SOME PEOPLE %>E !IR MUSIC & >T ?R\< 0CREATIVE COMMONS0 LIC5SES RA!R ?AN COPYRI<TS4 

,:ILE ! ORIG9AL PIRATES LIB]AT$ GOODS ?AT HAD BE5 EXPLOIT$ 9 ! MASSIVE PROCESS ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION KN[N AS COLONIALISM 7FREE+ SLAVES1 /EAL+ GOLD & SILV] M9$ ) SLAVE LABOR1 SEIZ+ RUM & SUG> ?AT CAME FROM ! PLANTATIONS71 ONE ( ! MAJOR =MS ( MOD]N PIRACY IS ! LIB]ATION ( SO-CALL$ 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY 7SU* AS MOVIES & MUSIC7 US+ NEW TOOLS ON ! 9T]NET4 

,! SC>CITY ON :I* CAPITALISM IS BAS$ NEV] >ISES NATURALLY4 ,SOMETIMES IT IS ! RESULT ( ! BAD *OICES ( A SOCIETY1 DE/ROY+ ITS SOIL1 OV]FI%+ OR OV]HUNT+1 NOT BALANC+ ITS POPULATION4 ,FREQU5TLY SC>CITY IS DIRECTLY & 9T5TIONALLY IMPOS$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,DUR+ ! ,IRI% POTATO FAM9E1 ,IREL& WAS =C$ TO PRODUCE FOOD = EXPORT BY ! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y OCCUPATION4 ,! ,GREAT ,FAM9E 9 ,UKRA9E WAS CAUS$ BY ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 =CIBLY *ANG+ ! TRADITIONAL MODE ( AGRICULTURE4 ,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T KILL$ (F ! SEEM+LY 5DLESS H]DS ( BISON SO ?AT ! ,LAKOTA & ,*EY5NE ( ! ,GREAT ,PLA9S 7:O HAD DEFEAT$ ! ,U,S 9 AN IMPORTANT W>7 W\LD LOSE !IR FOOD S\RCE4 ,GOV]NM5TS >\ND ! WORLD HAVE /OPP$ AT NO?+1 KILL+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 9 ORD] TO MAKE SELF-SUFFICI5CY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IF WE CAN TAKE C>E ( \RSELVES1 WE DON'T NE$ GOV]NM5T1 & WE DON'T NE$ TO WORK = ! RI* PEOPLE ?AT GOV]NM5T EXI/S TO PROTECT4 

,A RELAT$ FUNCTION ( ! ,/ATE IS TO DE/ROY ! COMMONS :]EV] !Y >ISE4 ,! FIR/ MOD]N LEGAL CODES 9 ,EUROPE S]V$ TO CRIM9ALIZE ! TRADITIONAL USE ( ! COMMONS4 ,A MAJOR APPLICATION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY 9 #a#h? C5TURY ,5GL& WAS TO PUNI% HUNT+1 =AG+1 & O!R TRADITIONAL USES ( ! =E/S ?AT PREVI\SLY HAD BE5 LEGAL1 & W]E EV5 PROTECT$ 9 ,MAGNA ,C>TA4 ,TODAY1 ! ,WORLD ,BANK & ,I,M,F =CE DEBTOR C\NTRIES TO *ANGE !IR LAWS & CRIM9ALIZE TRADITIONAL USES ( ! COMMONS1 ALL[+ !M TO BE PRIVATIZ$ BY TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 ,9 #a#i#i#d1 ! ,N,A,F,T,A AGREEM5T ) ! ,U,S & ,CANADA =C$ ,MEXICO TO *ANGE ITS ,CON/ITUTION & REMOVE ! PROTECTION ( COMMUNAL L& T5URE4 ,ANO!R MAJOR PO9T ( COLLABORATION BETWE5 WORLD GOV]NM5TS 9VOLVES CRACK+ D[N ON PIRACY OR %>+ ( ! CREATIVE COMMONS1 SO-CALL$ 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY4 ,MORE G5]ALLY1 ! ,U,S & O!R LEAD+ GOV]NM5TS WANT TO TAME ! 9T]NET 5TIRELY SO IT IS NO LONG] A SPACE ( %>+ & ANONYMITY--A COMMONS--BUT RA!R A COMM]CIALIZ$ SPACE EASILY CONTROL$ BY ! POLICE & EXPLOIT$ BY CORPORATIONS4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO H[ ! =E/S & M>%L&S W]E CLE>$ & DRA9$ = ECONOMIC REASONS & = MILIT>Y REASONS SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,DUE TO !IR OPACITY & DEF5SIVE ADVANTAGES1 !SE SPACES W]E (F LIMITS TO COMM]CIAL DEVELOPM5T & !Y W]E ALSO :]E REBELS1 B&ITS1 & REVOLUTION>IES (T5 HID \T4 

,G5]ALLY1 ! ,/ATE CLAIMS TO BE PROTECT+ US :5 !Y DE/ROY ! COMMONS OR CLE> WILD]NESS1 :I* >E (T5 ! ONLY SPACES :]E WE CAN /ILL BE FREE4 ,9 #b#h1 A %IPWRECK (F ! COA/ ( ,5GL& LEFT ?\S&S ( TONS ( WOOD5 BEAMS WA%$ UP ON %ORE4 ,! WOOD C\LD NO LONG] BE SOLD TO MAJOR BUY]S1 BECAUSE IT HAD SEAWAT] /A9S1 BUT IT WAS /ILL P]FECTLY USABLE = FUEL OR BUILD+4 ,! %IPWRECK HAD BR\<T A NEW COMMONS 9TO BE+1 & QUICKLY PEOPLE CAME TO COLLECT WOOD4 ,! GOV]NM5T JUMP$ 9TO ACTION & PROHIBIT$ ! SCAV5G+ ( WOOD1 9 ! NAME ( A NATIONAL EM]G5CY4 ,!IR REASON+8 ,PEOPLE C\LD GET SPL9T]S1 !RE=E COLLECT+ ! WOOD WAS DANG]\S4 

,AS = ! WIDESPREAD COMMONS ( G>BAGE1 SEV]AL GOV]NM5TS >\ND ! WORLD >E WORK+ TO CRIM9ALIZE & SUPPRESS IT4 ,9 ! ,U,S1 SEV]AL CITIES HAVE >RE/$ PEOPLE = %>+ FREE DUMP/]$ FOOD4 ,9 ,SPA91 :]E BAK]S TRADITIONALLY GIVE AWAY UNSOLD LOAVES AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 *A9 BAK]IES HAVE />T$ TO C\NT ALL !IR LOAVES ( BREAD1 RETURN+ & DE/ROY+ 7OR SELL+ TO LIVE/OCK & O!R 9DU/RIES7 EV]Y LOAF ?AT HASN'T BE5 PAID =4 ,9 MANY CITIES 9 ! ,NE!RL&S1 NEW TRA% CONTA9]S /ORE ! G>BAGE UND]GR\ND1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE TO ACCESS4 ,ONCE AGA91 !Y PREF] ?AT PEOPLE />VE 9/EAD ( BE+ ABLE TO GET ANY?+ = FREE4 

,) URBAN G>D5S & ! PLANT+ ( FRUIT & NUT TREES1 MANY CITIES C\LD COME CLOSE TO FOOD SELF-SUFFICI5CY4 ,! AN>*I/ SCI5TI/ ,KROPOTK9 WROTE AB\T ?IS EM]G+ POSSIBILITY A C5TURY AGO1 US+ ,P>IS AS HIS MODEL1 BUT S9CE !N GOV]NM5TS & URBAN PLANN]S HAVE MADE SURE TO PREV5T ?IS NEW COMMONS4 ,SOMETIMES1 URBAN G>D5S >E EVICT$ & BULLDOZ$1 AS 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES4 ,9 G5]AL1 CITIES AVOID PLANT+ $IBLE PLANTS 9 ! URBAN GRE5 SPACES4 ,A!NS OR ,B>CELONA1 = EXAMPLE1 >E GRAC$ ) ?\S&S ( ORANGE TREES1 BUT ! V>IETY ! CITY GOV]NM5TS *OOSE TO PLANT ONLY PRODUCE AN 9$IBLE K9D ( ORANGE4 

,ONE NOTABLE EXCEPTION TO ?IS RULE CAN BE F\ND 9 ,SEATTLE4 ,DUR+ SEV]AL MON?S ( ! SUMM]1 ONE CAN H>VE/ A V>IETY ( $IBLE1 DELICI\S FRUITS & B]RIES FROM TREES & BU%ES GR[+ 9 ! CITY4 ,H[EV]1 MO/ PEOPLE HAVE LO/ ! TRADITIONAL SKILLS & KN[L$GE TO C>RY \T ?IS SIMPLE TASK1 OR TO EV5 REALIZE ?AT FOOD COMES FROM ! E>? & NOT FROM ! SUP]M>KET4 ,PEOPLE >E SO ALI5AT$ ?AT MO/ ( ! FRUITS & B]RIES GO TO WA/E4 

,?IS SAD FACT DEMON/RATES ! CONNECTION BETWE5 KN[L$GE & MAT]IAL4 ,9TELLECTUAL OR CULTURAL COMMONS & COMMONS ( L& OR RES\RCES >E 9SEP>ABLY RELAT$4 ,IF ! ,/ATE CAN SEIZE ! L&1 ! KN[-H[ TO LIVE FROM IT EV5TUALLY DISAPPE>S4 ,IF ! ,/ATE CAN ALI5ATE PEOPLE FROM !IR TRADITIONAL KN[L$GE1 !Y WILL NOT KN[ H[ TO USE COMMON L& OR RES\RCES EV5 IF !Y >E RI<T NEXT DOOR4 

,ANO!R 9T]E/+ FACT AB\T CITIES IS ?AT FOOD GR[N 9 !M WILL BE CONTAM9AT$ BY AUTOMOBILE POLLUTION4 ,= ?IS REASON IT C\LD BE EASY TO >GUE ?AT GR[+ FOOD 9 CITIES IS NOT ! BE/ IDEA ANYWAY4 ,BUT !RE IS NO NATURAL CONNECTION BETWE5 CITIES & C>S4 ,9 FACT1 CITIES FUNCTION F> MORE EFFICI5TLY )\T C> TRAFFIC1 US+ 9/EAD PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & BICYCLES4 

,BUT A FOCUS ON EFFICI5CY IGNORES ! HI/ORICALLY IMPORTANT FACT ?AT ! ,/ATE PREF]S TO SUBSIDIZE & IMPLEM5T ?OSE TE*NOLOGIES ?AT FO/] DEP5D5CY1 ]ODE ! COMMONS1 & CREATE NEW OPPORTUNITIES = PR(ESSIONALIZ$ MANAGEM5T 7P>TICUL>LY )9 A P>ADIGM ( SECURITY OR PROTECTION74 ,TRA9S CREATE NEW COMMON SPACES & CAN BE SELF-ORGANIZ$ BY !IR OP]ATORS4 ,C> TRAFFIC1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IS SO ATOMIZ$ IT REQUIRES /ATE 9T]V5TION 9 ORD] TO BE DIRECT$ & ORGANIZ$4 ,IT CREATES NEW DANG]S ! ,/ATE MU/ PROTECT ITS CITIZ5S AGA9/1 ) AN ABSURDLY HI< NUMB] ( TRAFFIC FATALITIES EV5 9 SOCIETIES :]E ! GOV]NM5TS EFFECTIVELY MANAGE C> TRAFFIC4 ,LA/ BUT NOT LEA/1 IT CREATES ! POSSIBILITY--= ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY--( A CR[D ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O >E SIDE BY SIDE1 :5 /UCK 9 TRAFFIC1 YET TOTALLY ISOLAT$ FROM ONE ANO!R & )\T IMMAN5T POSSIBILIES ( COLLECTIVE ACTION4 

,9 SUM1 ! COMMONS HOLD A C5TRAL PLACE ( IMPORTANCE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,! COMMONS CAN BE CON/ITUT$ BY L&1 WILD]NESS1 SKILLS & EXP]I5CES1 SCAV5G$ GOODS1 OR PUBLIC SPACES4 ,!Y DO NOT ONLY EXI/ 9 P]IPH]AL SOCIETIES ?AT CAN /ILL CLAIM TO BE TRADITIONAL2 ! COMMONS >E AN EV] PRES5T POSSIBILITY 9 EV]Y FOLD ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 FROM ! MO/ DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES TO ! LEA/4 

,! COMMONS >E BO? A /RUCTURE & A PRACTICE4 ,COMMON+ IS ONE ( ! MO/ POPUL> & SUBV]SIVE =MS ( ACTION AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS NOT ! PROV5ANCE ( PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>IES BUT AN ACTIVITY UND]TAK5 9/9CTIVELY BY PEOPLE >\ND ! WORLD4 

,BECAUSE COMMON+ IS 9/9CTUAL1 COMMUNISM IS A FRAUD4 ,! ATTEMPT TO AB/RACT ! COMMONS OR TO M$IATE ! PRACTICE ( COMMON+ ?R\< AN IDEOLOGY R5DS IT FROM ! UNIQUE CONDITIONS ( DAILY LIFE ?AT GIVE IT BREA? & SUB/ANCE4 ,! COMMONS WILL BE RECON/ITUT$ 9 A DIFF]5T =M 9 EV]Y DIFF]5T P>T ( ! WORLD1 AT ! H&S ( ?OSE PEOPLE :O >E CLOSE/ TO ! AVAILABLE MATT] & MEMORY ?AT CAN BE TRANS=M$ 9TO ! BASIS = COLLECTIVE SURVIVAL4 ,COMMON+ IS ! TASK ( ?OSE :O WILL BECOME P>T ( EA* NEW COMMONS4 

,CAPITALISM CREAT$ CLASSES1 & !SE CLASSES WILL NOT DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 ,BUILD+ ON ! MAT]IAL ( ! FEUDAL CA/ES1 ?OSE :O C\LD WIELD A MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE CON/ITUT$ !MSELVES AS ! [N+ CLASS1 & =CIBLY CON/ITUT$ ! PROLET>IAT AS ?OSE :O ONLY [N$ !IR LABOR P[] & !IR ABILITY TO REPRODUCE4 ,! SAME PROP]TY RELATION%IP ?AT 5CLOS$ ! COMMONS =C$ ?OSE :O C\LD NOT RESI/ !SE 5CLOSURES TO BECOME ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,CLASS SOCIETY & CAPITAL WILL BE ABOLI%$ BY ?OSE :O W9 ! =CE TO BE ABLE TO SEE !MSELVES 9 RELATION TO ! COMMONS & NOT 9 RELATION TO PROP]TY4 

,! 5EMY :O CON/ANTLY SCATT]S ?IS =CE & TRAMPLES ! COMMONS :]EV] !Y POP UP IS ! ,/ATE4 ,\R /RUGGLE MU/ AIM = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,/ATE1 TO OP5 UP ! NEW SPACES :]E ! COMMONS CAN FL\RI%4 ,COMMON+ ITSELF IS NOT ! PROP]TY ( ANY P>TY OR !ORY1 BUT ! %>$ POT5TIAL ?AT MAKES ANY COMMUNICATION POSSIBLE4 ,AN>*Y IS A PR]EQUISITE = ! COMMONS4 ,! /RONG] ! ,/ATE1 ! N>R[] ! M>G9 ON :I* NEW COMMONS MAY >ISE4 ,& ! MORE B\NTIFUL \R COMMONS1 ! /RONG] & MORE SU/A9$ \R ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,/ATE4 ,:E!R ! ,/ATE IS DE/ROY$ BY AN>*I/S IS UNIMPORTANT1 EXCEPT = ?OSE AN>*I/S :O %>E ) ! COMMUNI/S A NE$ TO AU?OR ! PLAN ?AT WILL BE FOI/$ ON ! NEW WORLD4 

,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS ?AT \R DREAMS AGA9 TAKE ROOT 9 ! COMMONS1 ?AT \R !ORIES TAKE AIM ON ! ,/ATE1 & ?AT \R /RUGGLES CREATE NEW COMMONS & REVITALIZE ! OLD ONES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,COMMON+ & ,SC>CITY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,COMMON+ & ,SC>CITY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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