,COMM5TS ON ! ,>TICLE ',SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y' 

#aibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,KROPOTK9'S DEF9ITION ( AN>*Y -- A DEF9ITION TO :I* ,N9O ,NAPOLITANO.<#a.> REF]S .<9 HIS >TICLE.> AS VIRTUALLY BEYOND QUE/ION -- 9 SPITE ( BE+ ACCEPT$ QUITE UNCRITICALLY BY MANY AN>*I/S BECAUSE ( ! GREAT & DES]V$ PRE/IGE ( ! AU?OR & HIS AGREEM5T ) ! SCI5TIFIC & PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS :I* W]E WIDESPREAD :5 AN>*ISM WAS FIR/ BE+ PROPAGAT$1 SEEMS TO ME BO? MI/AK5 & H>MFUL4 ,MI/AK5 BECAUSE IT CONFUSES DIFF]5T ?+S2 H>MFUL BECAUSE IT OBLIGES EV5 ?OSE AN>*I/S :O ACCEPT IT TO DEBATE ?OSE CONTRADICTIONS ?AT WEAK5 ! REASON+ ( ALL OR ALMO/ ALL ?OSE :O SUBSCRIBE TO ! POSITIVI/ & NATURALI/ S*OOLS ( ?\<T :5 !Y DEAL ) MORAL QUE/IONS4 

,9 HIS ATTEMPT TO FIX '! PLACE ( ,AN>*Y 9 MOD]N SCI5CE'1 ,KROPOTK9 WRITES3 ',AN>*Y IS A CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SE BAS$ ON A ME*ANI/IC 9T]PRETATION ( ALL NATURAL PH5OM5A1 NOT EXCLUD+ HUMAN SOCIETY4' 

,?IS IS PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT MAY OR MAY NOT BE ACCEPTABLE PHILOSOPHY1 BUT IT C]TA9LY IS NEI!R SCI5CE NOR AN>*Y4 

,SCI5CE IS ! GA!R+ & SY/EMIZ+ ( EV]Y?+ ?AT IS KN[N OR ?\<T TO BE KN[N4 ,IT EXPLA9S AN EV5T & SEEKS TO DISCOV] ! LAW GOV]N+ ?AT EV5T1 I4E4 ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! EV5T OCCURS & RECURS4 ,?IS SATISFIES C]TA9 9TELLECTUAL NE$S & AT ! SAME TIME IS AN EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE 9/RUM5T ( P[]4 ,:ILE IT DEMON/RATES ! LIMITS ( ! HUMAN WILL )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( NATURAL LAWS1 IT 9CREASES ! EFFECTIVE FRE$OM ( HUMANK9D1 PROVID+ IT ) ! MEANS TO TURN ?OSE LAWS TO ITS ADVANTAGE4 ,SCI5CE IS EQUAL = ALL & S]VES IMP>TIALLY BO? GOOD & EVIL1 BO? LIB]ATION & REPRESSION4 

,PHILOSOPHY CAN BE EI!R A HYPO!TICAL EXPLANATION ( :AT IS KN[N OR AN ATTEMPT TO GUESS AT :AT IS NOT KN[N4 ,IT POSES ?OSE 
PROBLEMS :I* HAVE1 AT LEA/ UNTIL N[1 ELUD$ ! COMPET5CE ( SCI5CE & SUGGE/S SOLUTIONS :I*1 BECAUSE !Y CANNOT YET BE PROV51 V>Y & CONTRADICT ONE ANO!R FROM PHILOSOPHY TO PHILOSOPHY4 ,:5 IT DOES NOT DESC5D TO M]E WORD PLAY & ILLUSIONISM1 PHILOSOPHY MAY ACT AS A /IMULUS OR GUIDE TO SCI5CE1 BUT IT IS NOT SCI5CE4 

,AN>*Y1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS A HUMAN ASPIRATION :I* IS NOT F\ND$ ON ANY TRUE OR SUPPOS$ NATURAL LAW1 & :I* MAY OR MAY NOT COME AB\T DEP5D+ ON HUMAN WILL4 ,AN>*Y PR(ITS FROM ! MEANS ) :I* SCI5CE PROVIDES HUMAN BE+S 9 !IR /RUGGLE ) NATURE & AGA9/ CONTRA/+ WILLS4 ,IT MAY PR(IT FROM PROGRESS 9 PHILOSOPHICAL ?\<T :]E ?IS S]VES TO $UCATE PEOPLE TO REASON BETT] & TO BETT] DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! REAL & ! IMAG9$1 BUT IT CANNOT1 )\T FALL+ 9TO ! REALMS ( ! ABSURD1 BE CONFUS$ EI!R ) SCI5CE OR ) ANY PHILOSOPHICAL SY/EM4 

,BUT LET US SEE IF A 'ME*ANI/IC CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SE' REALLY DOES EXPLA9 ! KN[N FACTS4 

,WE %ALL !N SEE IF IT CAN AT LEA/ BE RECONCIL$ & LOGICALLY COEXI/ ) AN>*ISM1 OR 9DE$ ) ANY ASPIRATION TO A /ATE ( ?+S DIFF]5T FROM :AT N[ EXI/S4 

,! BASIC PR9CIPLE ( ME*ANICS IS ! CONS]VATION ( 5]GY3 NO?+ IS CREAT$ & NO?+ DE/ROY$4 

,A BODY CANNOT YIELD ANY GIV5 AM\NT ( HEAT TO ANO!R )\T COOL+ BY ! SAME AM\NT2 ONE =M ( 5]GY CANNOT BE TRANS=M$ 9TO ANO!R 7MOVEM5T 9TO HEAT1 HEAT 9TO ELECTRICITY1 OR VICE V]SA7 )\T LOS+ 9 ONE =M :AT IT GA9S 9 ANO!R4 ,9 %ORT1 ! :OLE ( ! PHYSICAL WORLD IS SUBJECT TO ?IS SAME EXTREMELY BASIC FACT3 IF Y\ HAVE T5 P5CE & SP5D FIVE1 Y\ WILL BE LEFT ) FIVE -- NO MORE & NO LESS4 

,& YET1 IF Y\ HAVE AN IDEA Y\ CAN COMMUNICATE IT TO A MILLION PEOPLE & LOSE NO?+ 9 ! PROCESS1 & ! MORE ! IDEA IS PROPAGAT$ ! MORE IT ACQUIRES 9 P[] & EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,TEA*]S TEA* O!RS :AT !Y KN[ &1 9 SO DO+1 DO NOT BECOME LESS KN[L$GEABLE2 9DE$1 9 TEA*+ !Y LE>N MORE EASILY H[ TO 5RI* !IR [N M9DS4 ,IF A GR5ADE TOSS$ BY A HOMICIDAL H& CUTS %ORT ! LIFE ( A G5IUS1 SCI5CE MAY EXPLA9 :AT HAPP5S TO ALL ! MAT]IAL ELEM5TS ( :I* ! MURD]$ G5IUS CONSI/$ :5 LIV+ & DEMON/RATE ?AT AFT] ! BODY HAS DISSOLV$ NO?+ REMA9S ( ! OLD =M1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME1 NO?+ IS MAT]IALLY LO/ BECAUSE ALL ! ATOMS ( ! BODY1 ) ALL !IR 5]GY1 LIVE ON 9 O!R COMB9ATIONS4 ,BUT ! IDEAS & 9V5TIONS :I* ?AT G5IUS GAVE ! WORLD REMA9 & SPREAD & CAN BECOME 5ORM\SLY P[]FUL1 :ILE ?OSE IDEAS ?AT W]E /ILL MATUR+ & W\LD HAVE BE5 FUR!R DEVELOP$ IF ! MURD] HAD NOT OCCURR$ >E LO/ = EV]4 

,CAN ME*ANICS EXPLA9S ?IS P[]1 ?IS SPECIFIC QUALITY ?AT IS ! PRODUCT ( ! M9D8 

,BUT = GOODNESS SAKE1 DO NOT ASK ME TO EXPLA9 9 ANO!R WAY :AT ME*ANI/IC SCI5CE HAS FAIL$ TO EXPLA94 

,I AM NO PHILOSOPH]4 ,BUT !RE IS NO NE$ TO BE ONE TO SEE SOME ( ! PROBLEMS ?AT1 TO A GREAT] OR LESS] EXT5T1 TORM5T ALL ?9K+ M9DS4 ,NOT KN[+ ! ANSW] TO A PROBLEM DOES NOT OBLIGE ONE TO ACCEPT SOLUTIONS ?AT SEEM UNSATISFACTORY 444 ESPECIALLY :5 ! SOLUTIONS ?AT PHILOSOPH]S (F] >E SO MANY & SO CONTRADICTORY4 

,N[ LET US SEE IF 'ME*ANICS' IS COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ME*ANI/IC VIEW 7& 9DE$ ! !I/ VIEW71 EV]Y?+ IS PROGRAMM$1 DET]M9$1 NO?+ CAN BE DIFF]5T FROM :AT IT IS4 

,9 FACT1 IF NO?+ IS CREAT$ & NO?+ DE/ROY$1 IF MATT] & 5]GY 7:ATEV] !Y MAY BE7 >E FIX$ 5TITIES SUBJECT$ TO ME*ANICAL LAWS1 ALL PH5OM5A MU/ BE IMMUTABLY L9K$4 ,KROPOTK9 SAYS3 

',S9CE MAN IS A P>T ( NATURE1 S9CE HIS P]SONAL & SOCIAL LIFE IS ALSO A PH5OM5ON ( NATURE -- 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! GR[? ( A FL[]1 OR 9 ! EVOLUTION ( LIFE 9 ! COMMUNITY ( ANTS & BEES -- !RE IS NO REASON :Y 9 PASS+ FROM ! FL[] TO ,MAN & FROM A COLONY ( BEAV]S TO A HUMAN CITY1 WE %\LD AB&ON ! SY/EM :I* HAD HI!RTO S]V$ US SO WELL1 TO SEEK ANO!R 9 ! >S5AL ( METAPHYSICS4' 

,& BE=E HIM1 AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ! GREAT MA!MATICIAN ,LAPLACE SAID3 ',GIV5 ! =CES ?AT ANIMATE NATURE & ! RESPECTIVE SITUATION ( ! BE+S ?AT COMPRISE IT1 A GREAT 5\< 9TELLIG5CE C\LD KN[ ! PA/ & ! FUTURE AS WELL AS ! PRES5T4' 

,?IS IS PURE ME*ANI/IC ?9K+3 ALL ?AT HAS BE5 HAD TO BE1 ALL ?AT IS MU/ BE & ALL ?AT WILL BE WILL NECESS>ILY BE 9 EV]Y M9UTE 
DETAIL ( POSITION1 MOVEM5T1 9T5SITY & VELOCITY4 

,9 SU* A VIEW :AT MEAN+ CAN !RE BE = ! WORDS 'FREE WILL1' 'FRE$OM' & 'RESPONSIBILITY'8 ,! PR$E/9$ EV5TS ( HUMAN HI/ORY CANNOT BE *ANG$1 ANY MORE ?AN WE CAN *ANGE ! ORBIT ( ! />S 'OR ! GR[? ( A FL[]4' ,& !N8 

,:AT HAS ?IS TO DO ) AN>*Y8 

,!RE WAS A TIME :5 AN>*I/S W\LD QUOTE ! DECL>ATIONS ?AT A ,FR5* COMRADE 7,ETIEVANT7 MADE 9 HIS DEF5SE SPEE* BE=E A ,P>IS C\RT4 ,HE C\LD HAVE LIMIT$ HIS DEF5SE TO A CRITIQUE ( SOCIETY1 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT IF HE HAD 9DE$ COMMITT$ A CRIME HE HAD BE5 DRIV5 TO IT BY =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCE & ?AT ! MA9 RESPONSIBILITY LAY ) O!RS4 ,BUT \R POOR COMRADE1 :O LAT] FELL VICTIM TO POLICE BRUTALITY1 WAS IMBU$ ) PHILOSOPHY &1 AS A GOOD DET]M9I/1 HE WANT$ TO %[ ?AT HE C\LD NOT BE DECL>$ RESPONSIBLE OR BE PUNI%$ BECAUSE HE WAS NOT A FREE AG5T -- EV]Y?+ 9 NATURE IS PROGRAMM$ & PR$ET]M9$4 

,A H>D-HE>T$ BUT QUICK-WITT$ JUDGE C\LD HAVE REPLI$3 ,Y\'RE RI<T4 ,I CAN'T 9 JU/ICE PUNI% Y\ OR EV5 BLAME Y\1 = ! REASONS Y\ HAVE Y\RSELF GIV54 ,BUT = ! SAME REASONS1 ! PRIE/ :O DECEIV$ Y\ IS NOT RESPONSIBLE2 NEI!R >E ! EMPLOY]S :O />V$ Y\ OR ! COPP] :O TORTUR$ Y\ -- & BY ! SAME TOK5 ,I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE = S5T5C+ Y\ TO H>D LABOR OR ! GUILLOT9E4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT HAPP5S MU/ P]=CE HAPP54 

,SO1 ONCE AGA91 :]E DOES ,AN>*Y COME 9TO ALL ?IS8 

,!RE >E 9NUM]ABLE PHILOSOPHICAL SY/EMS &1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ?AT LACKS A SOLID F\NDATION1 !Y ALSO FOLL[ TR5DS4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY MAT]IALISM WAS ALL ! RAGE2 TODAY IT'S IDEALISM2 TOMORR[1 :O KN[S :AT \R PHILOSOPH]S WILL HAVE 9V5T$ = US8 

,%\LD ?OSE :O1 LIKE ,KROPOTK91 FACE P]SECUTION & TORTURE = ,AN>*Y'S SAKE1 ?OSE :O >E AN>*I/S BECAUSE !Y LOVE & SUFF] & REBEL AGA9/ 9JU/ICE & OPPRESSION1 WAIT = SCI5TI/S & PHILOSOPH]S TO REALLY EXPLA9 ?IS IMM5SE MY/]Y ?AT IS ! UNIV]SE8 

,NO MATT] :AT PHILOSOPHICAL SY/EM Y\ PREF]1 Y\ CAN /ILL BE AN AN>*I/4 ,!RE >E MAT]IALI/ AN>*I/S AS WELL AS SPIRITUALI/ ONES2 
!RE >E MONI/ AN>*I/S & !RE >E PLURALI/ ONES1 AGNO/ICS & ?OSE :O1 LIKE ME1 )\T PREJUDICE TO ! POSSIBLE FUTURE DEVELOPM5T ( ! HUMAN 9TELLECT1 PREF] TO SIMPLY CALL !MSELVES IGNORANT4 

,IT IS C]TA9LY DIFFICULT TO UND]/& H[ SOME !ORIES CAN BE RECONCIL$ ) ! PRACTICAL REALITIES ( LIFE4 

,! ME*ANI/IC !ORY1 LIKE !ISM & PAN!ISM1 W\LD LOGICALLY LEAD TO 9DIFF]5CE & 9]TIA1 TO ! SUP9E ACCEPTANCE ( ALL ?AT IS1 BO? 9 MORAL OR MAT]IAL QUE/IONS4 

,BUT1 =TUNATELY1 PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS HAVE LITTLE OR NO BE>+ ON BEHAVIOR4 

,ANYWAY1 9 SPITE ( !IR [N LOGIC1 ! MAT]IALI/S & ! 'ME*ANISI/S' (T5 SACRIFICE !MSELVES = AN IDEAL4 ,= ?AT MATT]1 SO DO ! RELIGI\S FOLK :O BELIEVE 9 ! ET]NAL JOYS ( P>ADISE1 YET :O LOOK TO !IR WELL-BE+ 9 ?IS WORLD & :O1 :5 !Y FALL ILL1 OR FE> TO DIE1 CALL 9 ! DOCTOR4 ,JU/ AS ! POOR MO!R :O LOSES H] LITTLE *ILD BELIEVES1 %E IS SURE1 ?AT H] *ILD HAS BECOME AN ANGEL & AWAITS H] 9 HEAV5 444 ,BUT 9 ! MEANTIME %E WEEPS & DESPAIRS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION3 ,POLEMICAL ,>TICLES #a#i#b#d-#a#i#c#a1 $IT$ & 9TRODUC$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS4 ,PUBLI%$ BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS ,LONDON #a#i#i#e47 

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