,COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ,SPA9 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,K>L ,KORS* ,TEXT 3 ,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 9 ,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 ,VOL4 ,I,V1 ,NO4 #f1 ,APRIL #a#i#c#i1 PP4 #a#g#h-#a#h#b4 ,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ADAM ,BURTON1 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#a#b2 ,9 A PREVI\S ISSUE.<#a.> WE HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO REFUTE ONE ( ! MA9 FALLACIES ?AT CONCEAL FROM ! 9T]NATIONAL-WORK+ CLASS ! P>TICUL> IMPORTANCE ( ?AT NEW PHASE ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION :I* WAS 9AUGURAT$ BY ! EV5TS ( ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f4 ,9 SPITE ( ! RAPIDLY 9CREAS+ AM\NT ( LIT]ATURE ON ,SPA9 TODAY !RE IS NOT AVAILABLE UP TO N[ ANY FULL REPORT ( :AT FROM \R PO9T ( VIEW WE W\LD CALL ! REAL CONT5TS ( ! PRES5T /RUGGLES 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA94 ,( C\RSE1 ONE W\LD NOT EXPECT SU* 9=MATION ON ! REALLY 9T]E/+ FACTS FROM ?OSE PROGRESSIVELY-M9D$ PEOPLE :O EV5 TODAY GO ON TO 9T]PRET ! 9T5SIFI$ CLASS /RUGGLES1 W>S1 & CIVIL W>S ( CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY AS SO MANY EXPRESSIONS ( AN IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE BETWE5 A FASCI/ & A DEMOCRATIC ''PR9CIPLE04 ,YET ! ACTUAL CONT5T ( ?AT SO-CALL$ SPIRITUAL /RUGGLE IS NOT REVEAL$ ANY BETT] BY ?OSE APP>5TLY OBJECTIVE & REALI/IC HI/ORIANS :O DISMISS ! CIVIL W> ASPECTS ( ! PRES5T DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,SPA9 7NOT TO SPEAK ( ! LESS CONSPICU\S CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! V>I\S GR\PS ( ! LOYALI/ POPUL> FRONT7 AS A V]Y SUBORD9ATE PHASE ( ?AT BATTLE BETWE5 V>I\S IMP]IALI/IC GR\PS ?AT ACCORD+ TO !M CON/ITUTES ! ESS5CE ( ALL PRES5T-DAY POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS ON A WORLDWIDE SCALE4 ,AS AGA9/ BO? ! 0IDEALI/IC0 & ! 0REALI/IC0 SUP]FICIALITY ( ! B\RGEOIS HI/ORIANS1 ! PROLET>IAN READ] IS REF]R$ ONCE MORE TO ! ILLUM9AT+ REPORT ( ! FIR/ SEV5 MON?S ( SO-CALL$ COLLECTIVIZATION 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,SPANI% WORK]S !MSELVES = ! EXPRESS PURPOSE TO BREAK ! CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE & DI/ORTION BY :I* ( ALL ! ASPECTS ( ! REC5T EV5TS 9 ,SPA9 JU/ ?IS ONE TRULY REVOLUTION>Y ASPECT HAS BE5 ALMO/ 5TIRELY ANNIHILAT$4.<#b.> ,= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! PO/W> REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD L$ TO V>I\S EXP]IM5TS 9 SOCIALIZATION 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 ,HUNG>Y1 & ,G]MANY ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S AGA9/ CAPITALISM AS DESCRIB$ H]E %[S US A NEW TYPE ( TRANSITION FROM CAPITALI/ TO COMMUNAL ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION ?AT HAS BE5 A*IEV$1 ?\< 9COMPLETELY1 9 AN IMPOS+ V>IETY ( =MS4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE IS NOT IMPAIR$ EV5 ?\< ALL ( !SE ADVANCES T[>D A NEW1 FREE1 COMMUNAL ECONOMY W]E 9 ! MEANTIME NULLIFI$ & DE/ROY$4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( ! WORK]S W]E FRU/RAT$ EI!R FROM )\T BY ! ADVANC+ C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 OR FROM ! 9SIDE BY !IR APP>5T ALLIES )9 ! ANTIFASCI/ FRONT4 ,! WORK]S W]E =C$ 9TO AB&ON+ ! FRUITS ( !IR /RUGGLE EI!R BY OP5 SUPPRESSION OR1 MORE (T51 UND] PRETEXT ( ! 0HI<] NECESSITY0 ( DISCIPL9$ W>F>E4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T ! REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( ! FIR/ H\R W]E EV5 SACRIFIC$ VOLUNT>ILY BY !IR V]Y 9ITIATORS 9 A VA9 ATTEMPT TO FUR!R !REBY ! MA9 AIM ( ! COMMON /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,EV5 SO1 ! 5DEAVORS ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S ON ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FRONT HAVE NOT BE5 5TIRELY 9 VA94 ,! VIOL5T LIQUIDATION ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #ahga &1 AN EPO* LAT]1 ( ! ,HUNG>IAN & ,BAV>IAN ,SOVIET REVOLUTIONS1 AS WELL AS ! SL[]1 LESS OBVI\S SELF-LIQUIDATION ( ! FIR/ REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T ( ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET SOCIALISM HAVE NOT ANNIHILAT$ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ANY ( ?OSE GREAT ATTEMPTS ( ! PA/ TO E/ABLI% & TE/ A NEW TYPE ( /ATE = ! TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM4 ,SIMIL>LY ! ULTIMATE DE/RUCTION ( ! H]E DESCRIB$ COLLECTIVIZATION MEASURES BY FRI5D & FOE 9 FROM ! HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE ( ! PRES5T-DAY ,SPA9 DETRACTS NO?+ NEW1 FREE TYPE ( COMMUNAL PRODUCTION ATTEMPT$ H]E = ! FIR/ TIME ON A L>G] SCALE4 ,! /UDY ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 ITS CONCEPTIONS & ME?ODS1 ITS SUCCESSES & FAILURES1 & ! CONSEQU5T RECOGNITION ( ITS /R5G? & WEAKNESS IS !RE=E ( LA/+ IMPORTANCE TO ?AT CLASS CONSCI\S & REVOLUTION>Y SECTION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT TO :OM ! BOOK IS EXPRESSLY ADDRESS$ & TO :OM IT GIVES A C>EFUL ACC\NT ( ?IS EF=T AT SELF-EMANCIPATION BEGUN BY ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS4 ,MOREOV]1 ?IS C>EFUL ACC\NT ( ! ME?ODS & RESULTS ( COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ! 9DU/RIALLY MO/ ADVANC$ PROV9CE ( ,SPA91 AU?ORIZ$ BY ! LEAD+ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( ,CATALONIA 7! SYNDICALI/ ,C4 ,N4 ,T4 & ! AN>*I/ ,F4 ,A4 ,I471 IS ( G5]AL !ORETICAL IMPORTANCE AS A HI/ORICAL S\RCE BOOK ( ! FIR/ RANK4 ,! $ITORS 5DEAVOR1 AS F> AS POSSIBLE TO LET 0! ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONI/S SPEAK = !MSELVES40 ,BESIDES A NUMB] ( %ORT SKET*ES NECESS>Y TO COMPLETE ! PICTURE1 ! COLLECTION (F]$ BY !M CONTA9S ORIG9AL DOCUM5TS1 DECREES ( EXPROPRIATION1 REPORTS ( ! SYNDICATES 7UNIONS71 RESOLUTIONS1 /ATUTES1 ETC41 & REPORTS1 9T]VIEWS & ACC\NTS ON ! V>I\S 9DU/RIES & LOCALITIES BY ! FUNCTION>IES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,?IS *>ACT] ( A PURE S\RCE BOOK IS FOLL[$ CONSI/5TLY 9 /YLE & MAT]IAL & ?US A WORK HAS RESULT$ :I* IS 9T5SELY HUMAN :ILE MEET+ ! MO/ RIGID REQUIREM5TS ( SCI5TIFIC OBJECTIVITY4 ,!SE SIMPLE REPORTS & N>RATIVES ( ! COMMON FOLK 9 CITY & VILLAGE1 NEV] DRY OR BORESOME1 9 !IR PA?OS UNBLURR$ BY PRET5TI\S RET\*+ REPRODUCE ! VOICE ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 ! ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 AS IT IS & TOGE!R ) ! DOCUM5T>Y MAT]IAL L5D AU!NTICITY & V]ACITY TO ! WORK4 ,IT IS ALMO/ SUP]FLU\S = ! AU?ORS TO DECL>E AT ! 5D ?AT 09 ?IS BOOK WILL BE F\ND NEI!R PRAISE NOR SL&]1 NEI!R EXAGG]ATIONS NOR PROTE/ATIONS40 0,WE HAVE SIMPLY ALL[$ ! ,SPANI% WORK] TO TELL ! :OLE WORLD :AT HE HAS DONE TO MA9TA9 & DEF5D HIS FRE$OM & WELF>E40 ,( ! F\R P>TS ( ! BOOK ! FIR/ DEALS ) ! G5]AL *>ACT] ( ! 0NEW COLLECTIVE ECONOMY0 &1 9 AN ANNEX$ %ORT REVIEW ( 0,CATALONIAN ,ECONOMY01 EXPLA9S ! COMM&+ POSITION ( ,B>CELONA 9 ! ,SPANI% ECONOMY AS A :OLE & ! 5SU+ DECISIVE ROLE ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S ( ,CATALONIA 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 ! SECOND P>T ! ME?ODS & RESULTS ( COLLECTIVE LABOR 9 ! DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY >E PRES5T$4 ,! ?IRD & F\R? P>TS GIVE A DESCRIPTION1 BY GEOGRAPHICAL DI/RICTS1 CITIES & VILLAGES1 ( ! RISE & OP]ATION ( A MORE OR LESS COMPLET$ COMMUNAL ECONOMY4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO V>I\S O!R ''SOCIALIZATION DECREES0 ( REC5T ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY ! COLLECTIVIZATION DECREE ( ! ,CATALONIAN ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL ( ,OCTOB] #a1 #a#i#c#f1 REPR9T$ 9 FULL ON PAGES #c#b-#d#b1 IS BUT ! LEGALIZATION ( *ANGES 9 9DU/RY & TRANSPORT ?AT HAD ALREADY BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ 9 FACT4 0,IT CONTA9S NO SPECIAL DIRECTIONS ?AT TRANSC5D ! LIMITS ALREADY SET BY ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S40 ,!RE W]E NO L5G?Y 9VE/IGATIONS ON ! 0TASKS & LIMITS ( COLLECTIVIZATIONS10 NO >BITR>ILY SELECT$ BODY ( LE>N$ EXP]TS1 LACK+ ALL REAL AU?ORITY SU* AS ! NOTORI\S 0,P]MAN5T ,SPECIAL ,COMMISSION0 ( ! ,FR5* ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION ( #a#h#d#h1 OR ITS FAI?FUL COPY1 ! ,G]MAN 0,SOCIALIZATION ,COMMISSION0 ( #a#i#a#h-#a#i4 ,! SYNDICALI/ & AN>*I/ LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,SPA91 WELL PREP>$ = ?IS TASK BY MANY YE>S ( 9CESSANT DISCUSSION C>RI$ 9TO ! REMOTE/ CORN]S ( ! C\NTRY1 W]E BETT] 9=M$ & POSSESS$ A MU* MORE REALI/IC CONCEPTION ( ! NECESS>Y /EPS TO A*IEVE !IR ECONOMIC AIMS ?AN HAD BE5 %[N1 9 SIMIL> SITUATIONS1 BY ! SO-CALL$ 0,M>XI/0 LABOR MOVEM5T 9 O!R P>TS ( ,EUROPE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 ?IS FIR/ H]OIC PHASE ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5T TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 NEGLECT$ ! POLITICAL & JURIDICAL SAFEGU>D+ ( ! NEW ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CONDITIONS IT HAD A*IEV$4 ,EV5 ?IS 9ITIAL MI/AKE1 :I* C\LD BE ONLY P>TIALLY REM$I$ LAT]1 WAS DIFFICULT TO AVOID UND] ! CONDITIONS4 ,EXCEPT = ! 0,COMMITTEES ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS0 =M$ BY REPRES5TATIVES ( ! LIB]T>IAN LABOR MOVEM5T !MSELVES !RE WAS AT ?AT E>LY TIME NEI!R AN EXECUTIVE AU?ORITY NOR A P>LIAM5T4.<#c.> ,NOR W]E !RE ANY L>GE CAPITALI/ PROPRIETORS TO BE EXPROPRIAT$4 ,A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ! L>GE/ 5T]PRISES W]E [N$ BY =EIGN CAPITAL4 ,ITS REPRES5TATIVES1 LIKE ! NATIVE L>GE CAPITALI/S1 HAD BE5 MORE OR LESS OP5 SUPPORT]S ( ! REBELL+ G5]ALS4 ,BO? GR\PS FL$ AS SOON AS ! ,FRANCO REBELLION 9 ,B>CELONA HAD FAIL$ UNLESS !Y HAD ANTICIPAT$ ?AT POSSIBILITY &1 LIKE ,JUAN ,M>* & ,FRANCOIS ,CAMBO1 HAD %REWDLY AB&ON$ ! C\NTRY !Y CONSECRAT$ TO CIVIL W>4 ,! (F5SIVE AGA9/ CAPITAL 9AUGURAT$ BY ! ,CATALONIAN WORK]S IMM$IATELY AFT] ! H]OIC SUPPRESSION ( ! ,FRANCO REVOLT RESEMBL$ A W> AGA9/ AN 9VISIBLE 5EMY4 ,! DIRECTORS ( ! GREAT RAILROADS1 ( ! URBAN TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES1 ( ! %IPP+ FIRMS 9 ! H>BOR ( ,B>CELONA1 ! [N]S ( ! TEXTILE FACTORIES 9 ,T>RASA & ,SABADELL HAD DISAPPE>$ & IT WAS EXCEPTIONAL :5 DUR+ ! SEIZURE ( ! /REET C> SY/EM ( ,B>CELONA ! WORK]S F\ND 9 ! ADM9I/RATION BUILD+S ( ! BIG MONOPOLI/IC CONC]NS A LONELY1 TREMBL+ CREATURE :OSE LIFE & LIB]TY !Y C\LD SP>E BY A MAGNANIM\S IMPULSE4 ,?US ! ,CATALONIAN PROLET>IAT E/ABLI%$ ITSELF AT WILL 9 ! CAPITALI/ PLANTS & (FICES ?AT HAD BE5 DES]T$ BY !IR ]/:ILE MA/]S4 ,! COLLECTIVIZ$ 5T]PRISES AFT] SEIZURE BY ! WORK]S OP]AT$ 9 SIMIL> FA%ION AS 0! /OCK COMPANIES ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY40 ,! G5]AL MEET+S ( ! WORK]S PROCE$$ TO ELECT C\NCILS 9 :I* ALL ACTIVITIES ( ! PLANTS >E REPRES5T$--PRODUCTION1 ADM9I/RATION1 TE*NICAL S]VICE1 ETC4 ,P]MAN5T CONNECTION ) ! RE/ ( 9DU/RY WAS MA9TA9$ BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! TRADE UNION C5TRAL BODIES1 :O ALSO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! SESSIONS ( ! C\NCILS4 ,! BUS9ESS MANAGEM5T ITSELF WAS LEFT TO A DIRECTOR SELECT$ BY ! WORK]S ( EA* %OP1 9 ! MORE IMPORTANT 5T]PRISES SUBJECT TO ! CONS5T ( ! G5]AL C\NCIL ( ! RESPECTIVE 9DU/RY2 !RE IS NO REASON :Y HE %\LD NOT BE ! =M] [N]1 MANAG] OR DIRECTOR1 ( ! SOCIALIZ$ 5T]PRISE4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS EXT]NAL SIMIL>ITY BY NO MEANS SIGNIFIES ?AT COLLECTIVIZATION DID NOT ESS5TIALLY *ANGE ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION ( ! 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL 5T]PRISES4 ,IT M]ELY DEMON/RATES ! RELATIVE EASE ) :I* UND] EQUALLY =TUNATE CIRCUM/ANCES AS HAD (F]$ !MSELVES H]E -- DEEP & F> REA*+ *ANGES 9 PRODUCTION MANAGEM5T & WAGE PAYM5T CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T GREAT =MAL & ORGANIZATIONAL TRANS=MATIONS4 ,ONCE ! RESI/ANCE ( ! =M] ECONOMIC & POLITICAL RUL]S WAS COMPLETELY ELIM9AT$ = A TIME1 ! >M$ WORK]S C\LD PROCE$ DIRECTLY FROM !IR MILIT>Y TASK TO ! POSITIVE ONE ( CONT9U+ & TRANS=M+ PRODUCTION = :I* !Y HAD PREP>$ !MSELVES 9 :AT HAD SEEM$ TO MANY OBS]V]S TO BE B\NDLESS & 0UTOPIAN0 DREAMS 9 ! PREC$+ P]IOD4 ,EV5 = ?AT MO/ 9TRICATE PROBLEM ( SOCIALISM1 ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 !SE WORK]S HAD PREP>$ A COMPLETELY REALI/IC PROGRAM UNM>R$ BY HA/E1 EXAGG]ATION OR PSY*OLOGICAL BLUND]S4 ,! RESOLUTION ON ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! L& :I* HAD BE5 PASS$ BY ! CONGRESS ( ! ,C4 ,N4 ,T4 9 ,MADRID 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#a1 & :I* S9CE1 ?R\< ALL ! VICISSITUDES ( AN ADVANC+ & RETREAT+ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 HAD BE5 SPREAD & C>EFULLY EXPLA9$ ?R\<\T ! L& BY AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&I/S1 GAVE N[ PRACTICAL GUIDANCE = ACTION 9 ,JULY & ,AUGU/1 #aicf TO ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S & SMALL T5ANT F>M]S LEFT 5TIRELY TO !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 UNHAMP]$ BY ANY EXT]NAL AU?ORITY OR TUTELAGE4 ,! CONCRETE =MS 9 :I* ?IS TASK WAS SOLV$ BY ! AGRICULTURAL PRODUC]S !MSELVES IS ILLU/RAT$ BY A RESOLUTION ( ! FULL MEET+ ( ! ,CATALONIAN AGRICULTURAL WORK]S & BY ! REGULATIONS & ORGANIZATION PLANS SUBSEQU5TLY ADOPT$ BY V>I\S DI/RICTS & COMMUNES 9 ! AGRICULTURAL YE> #a#i#c#f-#c#g4 ,ONLY ! MA9 PO9TS ( ! DETAIL$ & EXACT MANN] ( PRES5T+- ! COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT S+LE 9DU/RIES -- TRANSPORT1 TEXTILE1 FOOD & O!RS -- ?AT TAKE UP ! SECOND P>T ( ! BOOK CAN BE DISCUSS$ H]E4 ,!SE *APT]S %[ NOT ONLY ! NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! 9DU/RIES1 BUT M>K DI/9CTLY ! BEG9N+S ( ! GREAT SUCCESSES RESULT+ FROM ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 9ITIATIVE ( ! LIB]T>IAN LABOR MOVEM5T = ! WORK]S !MSELVES & EV5 MORE SO 9 MA9TA9+ & EXP&+ PRODUCTION4 ,WE READ ( ! ABOLITION ( 9HUMAN WORK+ CONDITIONS1 ( WAGE 9CREASES & R$UCTION 9 H\RS1 ( V>I\S NEW =MS ( EQUALIZ+ WAGES BETWE5 V>I\S TYPES ( WORK]S1 SKILL$ & UNSKILL$1 MALE & FEMALE1 ADULTS & JUV5ILES1 ( 0SALAIRE UNIQUE0 & 0SALAIRE FAMILIAL40 ,WE SEE H[ ! QUE/ION ( RAIS+ & IMPROV+ PRODUCTION 9 EV]Y 9DU/RY ASSUMES 9CREAS+ IMPORTANCE FROM WEEK TO WEEK4 ,WE READ ( 5TIRELY NEW 9DU/RIES SU* AS ! OPTICAL 9DU/RY1 CALL$ 9TO BE+ BY ! REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,WE HE> ( ! PROCESS BY :I* SOME BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RIES LACK+ UNOBTA9ABLE =EIGN RAW MAT]IALS1 OR NOT NECESS>Y = ! IMM$IATE NE$S ( ! POPULATION W]E N[ QUICKLY ADAPT$ TO PROCUR+ ! MORE PRESS+ W> MAT]IALS4 ,WE >E TOLD ! PA!TIC /ORY ( ?OSE POORE/ /RATA ( ! WORK+ CLASS :O VOLUNT>ILY SACRIFIC$ !IR AT LA/ IMPROV$ CONDITIONS 9 ORD] TO ASSI/ 9 W> PRODUCTION & TO AID ! W> VICTIMS & REFUGEES FROM ,FRANCO-OCCUPI$ T]RITORY4 ,H[EV]1 !SE NEGATIVE VIRTUES ( SACRIFICE & SELF D5IAL UND] :I* ! GREAT A*IEVEM5TS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,SPANI% WORK]S 9 ! LA/ TWO YE>S HAS TOO (T5 BE5 SUBM]G$ BY !IR MORE OR LESS SYMPA!TIC =EIGN OBS]V]S1 DO NOT CLAIM \R MA9 9T]E/ 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,\R MA9 9T]E/ 9 ?IS FIR/ P]IOD ( ,SPANI% COLLECTIVIZATION IS 9 ! IMPORTANT ROLE PLAY$ BY ! P>TICUL> TYPE ( TRADE UNIONS MO/ *>ACT]I/ICALLY REPRES5T$ BY ! WORK]S ( ,CATALONIA & ,VAL5CIA ?AT UNTIL REC5TLY WAS ATTACK$ & DESPIS$ BY ! PROSP]\S TRADE UNIONS ( ,5GL& & ! P[]FUL ,M>XI/ ORGANIZATIONS ( MIDDLE & EA/]N ,EUROPE AS A ,UTOPIAN =M DOOM$ TO FAILURE 9 ANY S]I\S SITUATION4 ,!SE SYNDICALI/ =MATIONS1 ANTI-P>TY & ANTI-C5TRALI/IC1 W]E 5TIRELY BAS$ ON ! FREE ACTION ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,!IR :OLE BUS9ESS1 R\T9E AS WELL AS EM]G5CY ACTIVITIES1 HAD BE5 MANAG$ FROM ! \TSET NOT BY PR(ESSIONAL (FICIALDOM1 BUT BY ! ELITE ( ! WORK]S 9 ! RESPECTIVE 9DU/RIES4 ,?AT SAME CONSCI\S ELITE REPRES5T$ BY REVOLUTION>Y ACT+ COMMITTEES1 CREAT$ BY ! FII\S PROBLEMS AS !Y >OSE1 FURNI%$ ! 9ITIATIVE1 5DURANCE1 EXAMPLE1 & ACTIVITY = ! BASIC A*IEVEM5TS ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,?IS HI/ORIC LESSON ( ,SPANI% COLLECTIVIZATION IS ( P]MAN5T IMPORTANCE = ! ORGANIZATIONAL & TACTICAL DEVELOPEM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,! 5]GY ( ! ANTI-,/ATE ATTITUDE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT1 UNHAMP]$ BY SELF CREAT$ ORGANIZATIONAL OR IDEOLOGICAL OB/ACLES EXPLA9S ALL !IR SURPRIS+ SUCCESSES 9 ! FACE ( OV]:ELM+ DIFFICULTIES4 ,IT EXPLA9S ! FACT1 UNPREC$5T$ BY ANY PREVI\S ,EUROPEAN EXP]I5CE1 ?AT REVOLUTION>Y COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ,SPA9 FROM ! \TSET & AS A MATT] ( C\RSE WAS EXT5D$ TO ! ,/ATE & MUNICIPAL 5T]PRISES AS WELL AS TO PRIVATE CAPITALI/ CONC]NS4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION ! ACC\NT ( ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! ,/ATE ,PETROLEUM ,MONOPOLY & ( ! PUBLIC S]VICES 7LIB] %OPS0 & ( ! EQUALLY SUCCESSFUL 0SOCIAL REGULATION ( /REET-TRADE0 9 ,B>CELONA1 ELOQU5TLY TE/IFY TO ! PECULI> CREATIVE P[] ( ! REVOLUTION EV5 9 A SPH]E :OSE V]Y EXI/5CE CONFLICTS ) IT ?\< !Y ADD V]Y LITTLE TO ! REAL SOLUTION ( SU* DIFFICULT BORD] PROBLEMS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION AS ?OSE DEAL+ ) H&ICRAFT & COMM]CE4 ,! REAL CONTRIBUTIONS ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION TO !SE QUE/IONS >E ONLY 9DIRECTLY T\*$ 9 CONNECTION ) ! ALREADY M5TION$ PROBLEM ( AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION & 9 ! DISCUSSION 7CONTA9$ 9 P>TS #d & #e7 ( ! V>I\S =MS 9 :I* COLLECTIVIZATION HAS BE5 A*IEV$ ON A LOCAL SCALE BY MEASURES MORE OR LESS AFFECT+ ! 5TIRE PRODUCTION & MODE ( EXI/5CE ( ! SMALL] CITIES & C\NTRY DI/RICTS4 ,! NO LONG] !ORETICAL BUT PURELY DESCRIPTIVE *>ACT] ( !SE LA/ TWO P>TS PREV5TS R5DITION ( EV5 A SMALL FRACTION ( ITS RI* CONT5TS 9 ?IS %ORT REVIEW4 ,EA* ( !SE F\RTE5 SMALL N>RATIVES1 APP>5TLY SKET*-LIKE1 BUT T\*+ ALL ESS5TIAL PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY1 REPORTS ! MORE OR LESS TYPICAL YET PECULI> FEATURES ( ! NEW LIFE UND] ! V>Y+ LOCAL CONDITIONS BAS$ ON ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! DESCRIPTION />TS ) ! ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS 9 ! TEXTILE C5T]1 ,T>RASA1 NE> ! CAPITAL1 ) ITS #d1 9HABITANTS ( :OM #a#d1 W]E WORK]S1 #a#a1 ( :OM W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ! SYNDICALI/ ,C4,N4,T41 :ILE ! RE/ W]E 9 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,U4,G4,T4 ,FROM !RE ?R\< V>I\S 9T]M$IATE /AGES IT MOVES D[N TO ! POORE/1 MO/ PRIMITIVE1 SMALL & SMALLE/ VILLAGES ( ,CATALONIA1 ,>AGON & ,LA,MAN*A1 LOCAT$ F> FROM ALL 9DU/RIAL & URBAN CULTURE1 YET DEEPLY AFFECT$ BY ! NEW LIFE4 ,H]E ! PUBLI%]S REM>K3 0,& WE NOTICE CONT9UALLY ?AT GREAT & REAL REVOLUTION>Y PROGRESS WAS MADE 9 ! SMALL1 ?9LY POPULAT$ CITIES & VILLAGES1 A MORE IMPORTANT PROGRESS UND\BT$LY ?AN 9 ! CITIES ) ! GREAT] POPULATIONS40 ,?IS PRAISE ( SIMPLICITY & POV]TY IS 9 /RANGE CONTRA/ TO ! MAT]IALI/IC IDEAS ( ! ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T BUT HAS LONG BE5 *>ACT]I/IC ( ?IS O!R =M ( LABOR MOVEM5T :I* 9 ! TR5*ES ( ! ,SPANI% CIVIL W> & 9 ! EQUALLY H]OIC 5DURANCE ( ! SUFF]+ POPULATIONS ( ,MADRID1 ,B>CELONA1 & ,VAL5CIA C>RI$ ON ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS TEMPOR>ILY DEFEAT$ EV]Y:]E 9 ! RE/ ( ,EUROPE4 ,! S5TIM5T H]E DESCRIB$ REA*ES ITS CLIMAX 9 ! CONCLUD+ SKET* AB\T A LITTLE C\NTRY T[N SITUAT$ 9 A ?9LY POPULAT$ PROV9CE ( ,LA ,MAN*E4 ,!RE ! WORK]S W]E AT ALL TIMES UTT]LY DEPRIV$ ( MOD]N MAT]IAL & CULTURAL COM=T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !Y HAD ALL BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 !IR SYNDICATES S9CE #aib & HAD N[ BE5 AMONG ! FIR/ TO COMPLETELY ADOPT ! NEW LIFE ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,REF]R+ TO ?IS EXP]I5CE1 ! BOOK 5DS 9 ! PA!TIC /ATEM5T3 0,MEMBRILLA IS P]HAPS ! POORE/ CITY 9 ,SPA91 BUT IT IS ! JU/E/40 ,NOTES .<#a.> ,SEE ,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 ,VOL4 ,I,V1 ,NO4 #c1 ,MAY #a#i#c#h1 PP4 #g#f-#h#b4 .<,ECONOMICS & ,POLITICS 9 ,SPA9.> .<#b.> ,SEE ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS4 ,L'OEUVRE CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE4 ,RECEUIL DE DOCUM5TS4 ,$ITIONS ,C4 ,N4 ,T4 -- ,F4 ,A4,I41 #a#i#c#g1 #bdd PAGES4 .<#c.> ,= A MORE DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION SEE ! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ >TICLE1 ,ECONOMICS & ,POLITICS 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 9 ,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 ,NO4 #c1 ,MAY #a#i#c#h4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ,SPA9 -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ,SPA9 -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/