,CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,WATSON 

,TEXT 3 

,HAV+ HAD ! PRIVILEGE ( LIV+ = A TIME AMONG /ONE AGE PEOPLES ( ,BRAZIL1 A V]Y CIVILIZ$ ,EUROPEAN ( CONSID]ABLE ]UDITION WROTE AFT]W>DS1 0,CIVILIZATION IS NO LONG] A FRAGILE FL[]1 TO BE C>EFULLY PRES]V$ & RE>$ ) GREAT DIFFICULTY H]E & !RE 9 %ELT]$ CORN]S4 ,ALL ?AT IS OV]3 HUMANITY HAS TAK5 TO MONOCULTURE1 ONCE & = ALL1 & IS PREP>+ TO PRODUCE CIVILIZATION 9 BULK1 AS IF IT W]E SUG>-BEET4 ,! SAME DI% WILL BE S]V$ TO US EV]Y DAY40 

,?OSE WORDS W]E WRITT5 9 #a#i#e#e4 ,N[ ?AT CIVILIZATION IS 5GULF+ ! 5TIRE PLANET1 ! IMAGE ( ! FRAGILE FL[] HAS L>GELY WILT$4 ,SOME ( CIVILIZATION'S 9MATES >E REMEMB]+ ?AT ! IMAGE WAS ALWAYS A LIE2 O!R WAYS ( SEE+ ! WORLD >E BE+ R$ISCOV]$4 ,C\NT]-TRADITIONS >E BE+ REEXAM9$1 ESCAPE R\TES DEVIS$1 WEAPONS FA%ION$4 ,TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY1 A SPECT] HAUNTS ! HEAVY EQUIPM5T AS IT *UGS DEEP] 9TO ! MORASS IT HAS MADE3 ! SPECT] ( ! PRIMAL WORLD4 

,DEVIS+ ESCAPES & WEAPONS IS NO SIMPLE TASK3 FALSE />TS & POOR MAT]IALS4 ,! OLD PA?S >E PAV$ & ! MAT]IALS ?AT COME FROM ! 5EMY'S >S5AL T5D TO EXPLODE 9 \R H&S4 ,MEMORY & DESIRE HAVE BE5 SUPPRESS$ & DE=M$2 WE HAVE ALL BE5 9CULCAT$ 9 ! ,(FICIAL ,HI/ORY4 ,ITS NAME IS ,PROGRESS1 & ! ,DREAM ( ,PROGRESS CONT9UES TO FUEL GLOBAL CIVILIZATION'S EXPANSION EV]Y:]E1 CONV]T+ HUMAN BE+S 9TO ME*ANIZ$1 SELF-OBLIT]AT+ PUPPETS1 NATURE 9TO DEAD /ATU>Y4 

,! ,(FICIAL ,HI/ORY CAN BE F\ND 9 EV]Y *ILD'S (FICIAL HI/ORY TEXT3 ,BE=E ! G5ESIS 7:I* IS TO SAY1 BE=E CIVILIZATION71 !RE WAS NO?+ BUT A VA/1 OCEANIC *AOS1 D>K & T]RIBLE1 BRUTI% & NOMADIC1 A BLOODY /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ?R\< GREAT EF=T BY A H&FUL ( M51 SOME ANONYM\S1 SOME CELEBRAT$1 HUMANITY EM]G$ FROM ! SLIME1 FROM TREES1 CAVES1 T5TS & 5DLESS W&]+S 9 A SP>SE & P]IL\S DES]T TO ACCOMPLI% FANTA/IC IMPROVEM5TS 9 LIFE4 ,SU* IMPROVEM5TS CAME ?R\< MA/]Y ( ANIMALS1 PLANTS & M9]ALS2 ! EXPLOITATION ( HI!RTO NEGLECT$ ,RES\RCES2 ! F9]IES ( HI< CULTURE & RELIGION2 & ! MIRACLES ( TE*NICS 9 ! S]VICE ( C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY4 

,?IS AWE-9SPIR+ PANOPLY ( M>VELS TOOK %APE UND] ! EGIS ( ! CITY-/ATE & BEH9D ITS =TIFI$ WALLS4 ,?R\< MILL5IA1 CIVILIZATION /RUGGL$ TO SURVIVE AMID A /ORM ( B>B>ISM1 RESI/+ BE+ SWALL[$ BY ! H[L+ WILD]NESS4 ,!N ANO!R 0,GREAT ,LEAP ,=W>D0 OCCURR$ AMONG C]TA9 ELECT & ANO9T$ K+DOMS ( :AT CAME TO BE CALL$ 0! ,WE/10 & ! MOD]N WORLD WAS BORN3 ! 5LI<T5M5T ( SCI5TIFIC REASON U%]$ 9 EXPLORATION & DISCOV]Y ( ! WILD]NESS1 9T]NAL 7PSY*IC7 & EXT]NAL 7GEOGRAPHIC74 ,9 ! K+DOM'S (FICIAL MURALS1 ! ,DISCOV]]S APPE> AT ONE 5D1 /&+ PR\DLY ON !IR %IPS1 TELESCOPES & SEXTANTS 9 !IR H&S2 AT ! O!R 5D WAITS ! WORLD1 A SLEEP+ BEAUTY READY TO AWAKE & JO9 H] P[]FUL HUSB& 9 ! M>RIAGE B$ ( NATURE & REASON4 

,F9ALLY COME ! (FSPR+ ( ?IS REVOLUTION3 9V5TION1 ME*ANIZATION1 9DU/RIALIZATION1 & ULTIMATELY SCI5TIFIC1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL MATURITY1 A MASS DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY & MASS-PRODUC$ ABUNDANCE4 ,C]TA9LY1 A FEW BUGS REMA9 TO BE WORK$ \T -- UBIQUIT\S CONTAM9ATION1 RUNAWAY TE*NOLOGY1 />VATION & W> 7MO/LY AT ! UNCIVILIZ$ 0P]IPH]IES071 BUT CIVILIZATION *]I%ES ITS *ALL5GES1 & EXPECTS ALL SU* AB]RATIONS TO BE BR\<T UND] CONTROL1 RATIONALIZ$ ?R\< TE*NIQUE1 R$ESIGN$ TO 0S]VE HUMAN NE$S10 =EV] & EV]1 AM54 ,HI/ORY IS A GLEAM+ LOCOMOTIVE RUNN+ ON RAILS -- ALBEIT >\ND PREC>I\S CURVES & ?R\< SOME =EBOD+ TUNNELS -- TO ! ,PROMIS$ ,L&4 ,& :ATEV] ! DANG]S1 !RE CAN BE NO TURN+ BACK4 

,A ,FALSE ,TURN 

,BUT N[ ?AT SEV]AL G5]ATIONS HAVE BE5 RAIS$ ON MONOCULTURE'S GRUEL1 CIVILIZATION IS COM+ TO BE REG>D$ NOT AS A PROMISE YET TO BE FULFILL$ SO MU* AS A MALADAPTION ( ! SPECIES1 A FALSE TURN OR A K9D ( FEV] ?REAT5+ ! PLANET>Y WEB ( LIFE4 ,AS ONE ( ,HI/ORY'S G5TLE REBELS ONCE REM>K$1 0,WE DO NOT RIDE UPON ! RAILROAD2 IT RIDES UPON US40 ,! CURR5T CRISIS1 OCCURR+ ON EV]Y LEVEL1 FROM ! ECOSPH]IC TO ! SOCIAL TO ! P]SONAL1 HAS BECOME TOO MANIFE/1 TOO GRIEV\S1 TO IGNORE4 ,! SPECT] HAUNT+ MOD]N CIVILIZATION1 ONCE ONLY A S5SE ( LOSS1 N[ HAS OP5 P>TISANS :O HAVE UND]TAK5 ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL CRITIQUE ( CIVILIZATION4 

,SO WE BEG9 BY REEXAM9+ \R LI/ ( *APT]S NOT FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! CONQU]ORS BUT ! CONQU]$3 ! SLAVES CRU%$ UND] TEMPLE CON/RUCTION SITES OR GASS$ 9 ! TR5*ES1 ! DR$G$ & %ACKL$ RIV]S1 ! FLATT5$ =E/S1 ! BE+S P9N$ TO LABORATORY TABLES4 ,:AT VOICE CAN BETT] SPEAK = !M ?AN ! PRIMAL8 ,SU* A CRITIQUE ( 0! MOD]N WORLD ?R\< ,PLEI/OC5E EYES10 SU* A 0GEOLOGICAL K9D ( P]SPECTIVE10 AS ! 9DIG5\S AU?ORS ( ! #aigg ,HAUD5OSAUNEE 7,IROQUOIS7 DOCUM5T1 ,A ,BASIC ,CALL TO ,CONSCI\SNESS1 PUT IT1 IMM$IATELY EXPLODES ! CONQU]ORS ,BIG ,LIE AB\T 0UND]DEVELOPM5T0 & ! 0BRUTALITY0 ( PRIMAL SOCIETY1 !IR VILIFICATION ( PREHI/ORY4 

,! LIE HAS MO/ REC5TLY BE5 ]OD$ NOT ONLY BY GREAT] ACCESS TO ! VIEWS ( PRIMAL PEOPLES & !IR NATIVE DESC5DANTS :O >E PRES5TLY FI<T+ = SURVIVAL1 BUT BY A MORE CRITICAL1 NON-EUROC5TRIC AN?ROPOLOGY WILL+ TO *ALL5GE ITS [N HI/ORY1 PREMISES & PRIVILEGE4 ,PRIMAL SOCIETY1 ) ITS MYRIAD V>IATIONS1 IS ! COMMON H]ITAGE ( ALL PEOPLES4 ,FROM IT1 WE CAN 9F] H[ HUMAN BE+S LIV$ SOME #ii P]C5T ( \R EXI/5CE AS A SPECIES4 7,& EV5 A L>GE P>T ( ?AT LA/ ONE P]C5T CONSI/S ( ! EXP]I5CE ( TRIBAL & O!R V]NACUL> COMMUNITIES ?AT RESI/ CONQUE/ & CONTROL 9 CREATIVE1 IF IDIOSYNCRATIC WAYS47 

,LOOK+ ) NEW_/OLD EYES ON ! PRIMAL WORLD1 WE SEE A WEB ( AUTONOM\S SOCIETIES1 SPL5DIDLY DIV]SE BUT %>+ C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,PRIMAL SOCIETY HAS BE5 CALL$ 0! ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY10 AFFLU5T BECAUSE ITS NE$S >E FEW1 ALL ITS DESIRES >E EASILY MET4 ,ITS TOOL KIT IS ELEGANT & LI<TWEI<T1 ITS \TLOOK L+UI/ICALLY COMPLEX & CONCEPTUALLY PR(\ND YET SIMPLE & ACCESSIBLE TO ALL4 ,ITS CULTURE IS EXPANSIVE & EC/ATIC4 ,IT IS PROP]TYLESS & COMMUNAL1 EGALIT>IAN & COOP]ATIVE4 ,LIKE NATURE1 IT IS ESS5TIALLY LEAD]LESS3 NEI!R PATRI>*AL NOR MATRI>*AL1 IT IS AN>*IC1 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT NO >*ON OR RUL] HAS BUILT & OCCUPI$ C5T] /AGE4 ,IT IS1 RA!R1 AN ORGANIC CON/ELLATION ( P]SONS1 EA* UNIQUE4 

,A ,SOCIETY ,FREE ( ,WORK 

,IT IS ALSO A SOCIETY FREE ( WORK2 IT HAS NO ECONOMY OR PRODUCTION P] SE1 EXCEPT = GIFT EX*ANGE & A K9D ( RITUAL PLAY ?AT ALSO HAPP5 TO CREATE SUBSI/5CE 7?\< IT IS A SOCIETY CAPABLE ( EXP]I5C+ OCCASIONAL HUNG] )\T LOS+ ITS SPIRITUAL BE>+S1 EV5 SOMETIMES *OOS+ HUNG] TO 5HANCE 9T]RELAT$NESS1 TO PLAY OR TO SEE VISIONS74 ,! ,HAUD5OSAUNEE1 = EXAMPLE1 WRITE ?AT 0.<WE.> DO NOT HAVE SPECIFIC ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS1 NOR DO WE HAVE SPECIFICALLY DI/9CT POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS40 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! SUBSI/5CE ACTIVITIES ( ,HAUD5OSAUNEE SOCIETY1 0BY \R CULTURAL DEF9ITION1 .<>E.> NOT AN ECONOMY AT ALL40 

,H5CE1 PRIMAL SOCIETY'S PL5ITUDE RESIDES 9 ITS MANY SYMBOLIC1 P]SONAL1 & NATURAL RELATION%IPS1 NOT 9 >TIFACTS4 ,IT IS A DANC+ SOCIETY1 A S++ SOCIETY1 A CELEBRAT+ SOCIETY1 A DREAM+ SOCIETY4 ,ITS PHILOSOPHY & PRACTICE ( :AT IS CALL$ ANIMISMA MY?OPOETIC >TICULATION ( ! ORGANIC UNITY ( LIFE DISCOV]$ ONLY REC5TLY BY ! ,WE/'S ECOLOGI/S -- PROTECTS ! L& BY TREAT+ ITS MULTIPLICITY ( =MS AS SACR$ BE+S1 EA* ) ITS [N 9TEGRITY & SUBJECTIVITY4 ,PRIMAL SOCIETY AFFIRMS COMMUNITY ) ALL ( ! NATURAL & SOCIAL WORLD4 

,SOMEH[ ?IS PRIMAL WORLD1 A WORLD 7AS ,LEWIS ,MUM=D HAS OBS]V$7 MORE OR LESS CORRESPOND+ TO ! ANCI5T VISION ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE1 UNRAVELS AS ! 9/ITUTIONS ( K+%IP & CLASS SOCIETY EM]GE4 ,H[ IT HAPP5$ REMA9S UNCLE> TO US TODAY4 ,P]HAPS WE WILL NEV] FULLY UND]/& ! MY/]Y ( ?AT ORIG9AL MUTATION FROM EGALIT>IAN TO /ATE SOCIETY4 ,C]TA9LY1 NO /&>D EXPLANATIONS >E ADEQUATE4 0,?AT RADICAL DISCONT9UITY10 9 ! WORDS ( ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 0?AT MY/]I\S EM]G5CE -- IRREV]SIBLE1 FATAL TO PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES -- ( ! ?+ WE KN[ BY ! NAME ( ! ,/ATE10 H[ DOES IT OCCUR8 

,PRIMAL SOCIETY MA9TA9$ ITS EQUILIBRIUM & ITS EGALIT>IANISM BECAUSE IT REFUS$ P[]1 REFUS$ PROP]TY4 ,K+%IP C\LD NOT HAVE EM]G$ FROM ! *IEF BECAUSE ! *IEF HAD NO P[] OV] O!RS4 ,CLA/RES 9SI/S3 0,PRIMITIVE SOCIETY IS ! PLACE :]E SEP>ATE P[] IS REFUS$1 BECAUSE ! SOCIETY ITSELF1 & NOT ! *IEF1 IS ! REAL LOCUS ( P[]40 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT WE C\LD APPROA* ?IS DISSOLUTION ( ORIG9AL COMMUNITY APPROPRIATELY ONLY BY WAY ( MY?IC LANGUAGE LIKE ! ,OLD ,ONES W\LD HAVE US$4 ,AFT] ALL1 ONLY A POETIC /ORY C\LD VIVIDLY EXPRESS SU* A TRAGIC LOSS ( EQUILIBRIUM4 ,! LAT5T POT5TIALITY = P[] & TE*NIQUE TO EM]GE AS SEP>ATE DOMA9S HAD BE5 PREVI\SLY KEPT AT BAY BY ! GIFT CYCLE1 0TE*NIQUES ( ! SACR$0 & ! HI< LEVEL ( 9DIVIDUATION ( SOCIETY'S MEMB]S4 

,PRIMAL PEOPLES1 ACCORD+ TO ,CLA/RES1 0HAD A V]Y E>LY PREMONITION ?AT P[]'S TRANSC5D5CE CONCEALS A MORTAL RISK = ! GR\P1 ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( AN AU?ORITY :I* IS EXT]NAL & ! CREATOR ( ITS [N LEGALITY IS A *ALL5GE TO CULTURE ITSELF4 ,IT IS ! 9TUITION ( ?IS ?REAT ?AT DET]M9$ ! DEP? ( !IR POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,=1 ON DISCOV]+ ! GREAT AFF9ITY ( P[] & NATURE1 AS ! TW(OLD LIMITATION ON ! DOMA9 ( CULTURE1 ,9DIAN SOCIETIES W]E ABLE TO CREATE A MEANS = NEUTRALIZ+ ! VIRUL5CE ( POLITICAL AU?ORITY40 

,?IS1 9 EFFECT1 IS ! SAME PROCESS BY :I* PRIMAL PEOPLES NEUTRALIZ$ ! POT5TIAL VIRUL5CE ( TE*NIQUE3 !Y M9IMIZ$ ! RELATIVE WEI<T ( 9/RUM5TAL OR PRACTICAL TE*NIQUES & EXP&$ ! IMPORTANCE ( TE*NIQUES ( SEE+3 EC/ATIC TE*NIQUES4 ,! %AMAN IS1 9 ,J]OME ,RO!RB]G'S WORDS1 A 0TE*NICIAN0 ( EC/ASY1 A 0PROTOPOET0 :OSE 0TE*NIQUE H+ES ON ! CREATION ( SPECIAL L+UI/IC CIRCUM/ANCES1 I4E41 ( SONG & 9VOCATION40 ,TE*NOLOGY1 LIKE P[]1 IS 9 SU* A WAY REFUS$ BY ! DYNAMIC ( PRIMAL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,BUT :5 TE*NIQUE & P[] EM]GE AS SEP>ATE FUNCTIONS RA!R ?AN AS /R&S 9EXTRICABLY WOV5 9TO ! FABRIC ( SOCIETY1 EV]Y?+ />TS TO COME AP>T4 0,! UN9T5D$ EXCRESS5CE ?AT GR[S \T ( HUMAN COMMUNITIES & !N LIQUIDATES !M10 AS ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN CALL$ IT1 MAKES ITS APPE>ANCE4 ,A SORC]Y RUN AMOK1 A GOLEM-LIKE ?+NESS ?AT \TLIVES ITS FABRICATORS3 SOMEH[ ! GIFT CYCLE IS RUPTUR$2 ! HOOP1 ! CIRCLE1 BROK54 

,! COMMUNITY1 AS ,CLA/RES PUTS IT1 0HAS CEAS$ TO EXORCIZE ! ?+ ?AT WILL BE ITS RU93 P[] & RESPECT = P[]40 ,A K9D ( REVOLUTION1 OR C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 TAKES PLACE3 0,:51 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 ! ECONOMIC DYNAMIC L5DS ITSELF TO DEF9ITION AS A DI/9CT & AUTONOM\S DOMA91 :5 ! ACTIVITY ( PRODUCTION BECOMES ALI5AT$1 ACC\NTABLE LABOR1 LEVI$ BY M5 :O WILL 5JOY ! FRUITS ( ?AT LABOR1 :AT HAS COME TO PASS IS ?AT SOCIETY HAS BE5 DIVID$ 9TO RUL]S & RUL$1 MA/]S & SUBJECTS4 ,! POLITICAL RELATION ( P[] PREC$ES & F\NDS ! ECONOMIC RELATION ( EXPLOITATION4 ,ALI5ATION IS POLITICAL BE=E IT IS ECONOMIC2 P[] PREC$ES LABOR2 ! ECONOMIC D]IVES FROM ! POLITICAL2 ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,/ATE DET]M9ES ! ADV5T ( CLASSES40 

,! EM]G5CE ( AU?ORITY1 PRODUCTION & TE*NOLOGY >E ALL MOM5TS )9 ! SAME PROCESS4 ,PREVI\SLY1 P[] RESID$ 9 NO SEP>ATE SPH]E1 BUT RA!R )9 ! CIRCLE -- A CIRCLE ?AT 9CLUD$ ! HUMAN COMMUNITY & NATURE 7NONHUMAN K974 0,PRODUCTION0 & ! 0ECONOMIC0 W]E UNDIVID$ AS WELL2 !Y W]E EMB$D$ 9 ! CIRCLE ?R\< GIFT %>+ :I* TRANSC5DS & NEUTRALIZES ! >TIFACTUALITY OR 0?+NESS0 ( ! OBJECTS PASS+ FROM P]SON TO P]SON4 7,ANIMALS1 PLANTS & NATURAL OBJECTS BE+ P]SONS1 EV5 K91 SUBSI/5CE IS !RE=E NEI!R WORK NOR PRODUCTION1 BUT RA!R GIFT1 DRAMA1 REV]5CE1 REV]IE47 ,TE*NIQUE ALSO HAD TO BE EMB$D$ 9 RELATIONS BETWE5 K91 & ?US OP51 P>TICIPATORY1 & ACCESSIBLE TO ALL2 OR IT WAS 5TIRELY P]SONAL1 S+UL>1 VISION>Y1 UNIQUE & UNTRANSF]ABLE4 

,EQUILIBRIUM ,EXPLOD$ 

,! 0GREAT AFF9ITY ( P[] & NATURE10 AS ,CLA/RES PUTS IT1 EXPLA9S ! DEEP CLEFT BETWE5 !M :5 P[] DIVIDES & POL>IZES ! COMMUNITY4 ,= ! PRIMAL COMMUNITY1 TO FOLL[ ,MIRCEA ,ELIADE'S REASON+1 0,! WORLD IS AT ONCE 'OP5' & MY/]I\S4 ',NATURE' AT ONCE UNVEILS & 'CAM\FLAGES' ! 'SUP]NATURAL' .<:I*.> CON/ITUTES ! BASIC & UNFA?OMABLE MY/]Y ( ! ,WORLD40 ,MY?IC CONSCI\SNESS APPREH5DS & 9T]V5ES 9 ! WORLD1 P>TICIPATES 9 IT1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT NECESSITATE A RELATION ( DOM9ATION2 IT 0DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ONE HAS TRANS=M$ .<COSMIC REALITIES.> 9TO 'OBJECTS ( KN[L$GE4' ,!SE REALITIES /ILL KEEP !IR ORIG9AL ONTOLOGICAL CONDITION40 

,! TRAUMA ( DISEQUILIBRIUM EXPLOD$ :AT CONTEMPOR>Y PAGAN FEM9I/S HAVE CALL$ 0P[] )90 & G5]AT$ 0P[] OV]40 ,:AT W]E ONCE MUTUALITIES BECAME HI]>*IES4 ,9 ?IS TRANS=MATION1 GIFT EX*ANGE DISAPPE>S2 GIFT EX*ANGE ) NATURE DISAPPE>S ) IT4 ,:AT WAS %>$ IS N[ HO>D$3 ! MY/]Y TO :I* ONE ONCE SURR5D]$ N[ BECOMES A T]RITORY TO BE CONQU]$4 ,ALL /ORIES ( ! ORIG9S BECOME HI/ORIES ( ! ORIG9S ( ! ,MA/]4 ,! ORIG9 ( ! ,WORLD IS RETOLD AS ! ORIG9 ( ! ,/ATE4 

,WOMAN1 :O ?R\< ! BIR? PROCESS EXEMPLIFIES ALL ( NATURE & :O MA9TA9S LIFE PROCESSES ?R\< H] DAILY ACTIVITIES ( NURTURANCE ( PLANTS1 ANIMALS & *ILDR51 IS SUPPRESS$ BY ! NEW TRANS=M]-H]O4 ,MALE P[]1 ATTEMPT+ TO RIVAL ! FECUNDITY ( WOMAN1 SIMULATES BIR? & NATURE'S FECUNDITY ?R\< ! MANUFACTURE ( >TIFACTS & MONUM5TS4 ,! WOMB -- A PRIMORDIAL CONTA9]1 A BASKET OR B[L -- IS RECON/ITUT$ BY P[] 9TO ! CITY WALLS4 

0,?US10 AS ,FR$]ICK ,W4 ,TURN] PUTS IT 9 ,BEYOND ,GEOGRAPHY3 ,! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT ,AGA9/ ! ,WILD]NESS1 ! 0RISE TO CIVILIZATION' MI<T BE SE5 NOT SO MU* AS ! TRIUMPH ( A PROGRESSIVE PORTION ( ! RACE OV] ITS L[LY1 NATURE-B\ND ORIG9S AS A SEV]E1 AGGRESSIVE VOLTE-FACE AGA9/ ALL UNIMPROV$ NATURE1 ! E*OES ( :I* W\LD /ILL BE S\ND+ MILL5NIA LAT] :5 CIVILIZ$ M5 ONCE AGA9 5C\NT]$ ! *ALL5GES ( ! WILD]NESS BEYOND !IR CITY WALLS40 

,NO EXPLANATION & NO SPECULATION CAN 5COMPASS ! S]IES ( EV5TS ?AT BUR/ COMMUNITY & G5]AT$ CLASS SOCIETY & ! /ATE4 ,BUT ! RESULT IS RELATIVELY CLE>3 ! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( HI]>*IC ELITES & ! DRUDG]Y ( ! DISPOSSESS$ TO SUPPORT !M1 MONOCULTURE TO FE$ !IR >M$ GANGS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY 9TO WORK BATTALIONS1 HO>D+1 TAXATION & ECONOMIC RELATIONS1 & ! R$UCTION ( ! ORGANIC COMMUNITY TO LIFELESS RES\RCES TO BE M9$ & MANIPULAT$ BY ! >*ON & HIS 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! 0*IEF FEATURES0 ( ?IS NEW /ATE SOCIETY1 WRITES ,MUM=D1 0CON/ANT 9 V>Y+ PROPORTIONS ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 >E ! C5TRALIZATION ( POLITICAL P[]1 ! SEP>ATION ( CLASSES1 ! LIFETIME DIVISION ( LABOR1 ! ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 ! MAGNIFICATION ( MILIT>Y P[]1 ! ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION ( ! WEAK1 & ! UNIV]SAL 9TRODUCTION ( SLAV]Y & =C$ LABOR = BO? 9DU/RIAL & MILIT>Y PURPOSES40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 A MEGAMA*9E MADE UP ( TWO MAJOR >MS1 A LABOR MA*9E & A MILIT>Y MA*9E4 

,! CRY/ALLIZATION ( A FLUID1 ORGANIC COMMUNITY 9TO A PSEUDO-COMMUNITY1 A GIANT MA*9E1 WAS 9 FACT ! FIR/ MA*9E1 ! /&>D DEF9ITION ( :I*1 ,MUM=D NOTES1 IS 0A COMB9ATION ( RESI/ANT P>TS1 EA* SPECIALIZ$ 9 FUNCTION1 OP]AT+ UND] HUMAN CONTROL1 TO UTILIZE 5]GY & P]=M WORK40 ,?US1 HE >GUES1 0,! TWO POLES ( CIVILIZATION !N1 >E ME*ANICALLY-ORGANIZ$ WORK & ME*ANICALLY-ORGANIZ$ DE/RUCTION & EXT]M9ATION4 ,R\<LY ! SAME =CES & ! SAME ME?ODS ( OP]ATION .<>E.> APPLICABLE TO BO? >EAS40 ,9 ,MUM=D'S VIEW1 ! GREATE/ LEGACY ( ?IS SY/EM HAS BE5 0! MY? ( ! MA*9E0 -- ! BELIEF ?AT IT IS BO? IRRESI/IBLE & ULTIMATELY B5EFICIAL4 ,?IS ME*ANIZATION ( HUMAN BE+S1 HE WRITES1 0HAD LONG PREC$$ ! ME*ANIZATION ( !IR WORK+ 9/RUM5TS4 ,BUT ONCE CONCEIV$1 ?IS NEW ME*ANISM SPREAD RAPIDLY1 NOT JU/ BY BE+ IMITAT$ 9 SELF-DEF5SE1 BUT BY BE+ =CEFULLY IMPOS$40 

,ONE CAN SEE ! DIFF]5CES H]E BETWE5 ! K9D ( TE*NICS EMB$D$ 9 AN EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY & TE*NICS-AS-P[] OR TE*NOLOGY4 ,AS ,MUM=D >GUES1 PEOPLE 0( ORD9>Y CAPACITY1 RELY+ ON MUSCLE P[] & TRADITIONAL SKILLS ALONE1 W]E CAPABLE ( P]=M+ A WIDE V>IETY ( TASKS1 9CLUD+ POTT]Y & MANUFACTURE & WEAV+1 )\T ANY EXT]NAL DIRECTION OR SCI5TIFIC GUIDANCE1 BEYOND ?AT AVAILABLE 9 ! TRADITION ( ! LOCAL COMMUNITY4 ,NOT SO ) ! MEGAMA*9E4 ,ONLY K+S1 AID$ BY ! DISCIPL9E ( A/RONOMICAL SCI5CE & SUPPORT$ BY ! SANCTIONS ( RELIGION1 HAD ! CAPACITY ( ASSEMBL+ & DIRECT+ ! MEGAMA*9E4 ,?IS WAS AN 9VISIBLE /RUCTURE COMPOS$ ( LIV+1 BUT RIGID1 HUMAN P>TS1 EA* ASSIGN$ TO HIS SPECIAL (FICE1 ROLE1 & TASK1 TO MAKE POSSIBLE ! IMM5SE WORK-\TPUT & GR& DESIGNS ( ?IS GREAT COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION40 

,CIVILIZATION AS ,GULAG 

,9 HIS 9TUITIVE HI/ORY ( ! MEGAMA*9E1 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN DESCRIBES H[ A ,SUM]IAN 0,5SI0 OR OV]SE]1 LACK+ ! RATIONALIZATIONS ( ! IDEOLOGY ( ,PROGRESS :I* >E R\T9ELY US$ TO VACC9ATE US AGA9/ \R WILDNESS1 MI<T SEE ! NEWLY ISSU$ COLOSSUS3 

0,HE MI<T ?9K ( IT AS A WORM1 A GIANT WORM1 NOT A LIV+ WORM BUT A C>CASS ( A WORM1 A MON/R\S CADAV]1 ITS BODY CONSI/+ ( NUM]\S SEGM5TS1 ITS SK9 PIMPL$ ) SPE>S & :EELS & O!R TE*NOLOGICAL IMPLEM5TS4 ,HE KN[S FROM HIS [N EXP]I5CE ?AT ! 5TIRE C>CASS IS BR\<T TO >TIFICIAL LIFE BY ! MOTIONS ( ! HUMAN BE+S TRAPP$ 9SIDE1 ! ZEKS :O OP]ATE ! SPR+S & :EELS1 JU/ AS HE KN[S ?AT ! CADAV]\S HEAD IS OP]AT$ BY A M]E ZEK1 ! HEAD ZEK40 

,IT IS NO ACCID5T ?AT ,FR$Y *OSE ! WORD ZEK1 A WORD MEAN+ GULAG PRISON] ?AT HE F\ND 9 ,SOLZH5ITSYN'S WORK4 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY TO EMPHASIZE ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS BE5 A LABOR CAMP FROM ITS ORIG9S1 BUT TO ILLUM9ATE ! P>ALLELS BETWE5 ! ANCI5T EMBRYONIC =MS & ! MOD]N GLOBAL WORK MA*9E PRES5TLY SUFFOCAT+ ! E>?4 ,:ILE ! DIFF]5CES 9 MAGNITUDE & HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T >E GREAT 5\< TO ACC\NT = SIGNIFICANT CONTRA/S1 ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS %>$ BY BO? SY/EMS -- ELEM5TS \TL9$ ABOVE -- POSITION BO? CIVILIZATIONS 9 A POL>ITY ) PRIMAL COMMUNITY4 ,AT ONE EXTREME /&S ORGANIC COMMUNITY3 AN ORGANISM1 9 ! =M ( A CIRCLE1 A WEB WOV5 9TO ! FABRIC ( NATURE4 ,AT ! O!R IS CIVILIZATION3 NO LONG] AN ORGANISM BUT ORGANIC FRAGM5TS RECON/ITUT$ AS A MA*9E1 AN ORGANIZATION2 NO LONG] A CIRCLE BUT A RIGID PYRAMID ( CRU%+ HI]>*IES2 NOT A WEB BUT A GRID EXP&+ ! T]RITORY ( ! 9ORGANIC4 

,ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL HI/ORY1 ?IS GRID IS ! NATURAL \TCOME ( AN 9EVITABLE EVOLUTION4 ,?US NATURAL HI/ORY IS NOT A MULTIV]SE ( POT5TIALITIES BUT RA!R A L9E> PROGRESSION FROM ,PROME!US' !FT ( FIRE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND4 ,A MILLION & MORE YE>S ( SPECIES LIFE EXP]I5C$ 9 ORGANIC COMMUNITIES >E DISMISS$ AS A K9D ( WAIT+ P]IOD 9 ANTICIPATION ( ! FEW ?\S& YE>S ( IMP]IAL GR&EUR TO FOLL[4 ,! REMA9+ PRIMAL SOCIETIES1 EV5 N[ BE+ DRAGG$ BY ! HAIR 9TO CIVILIZATION'S ORBIT ALONG ITS BLOOD-DR5*$ FRONTI]1 >E DISMISS$ AS LIV+ FOSSILS 70LACK+ 9 EVOLUTION>Y PROMISE10 AS ONE PHILOSOPH] *>ACT]IZ$ !M71 AWAIT+ !IR GLORI\S 9SCRIPTION 9TO ! WONDR\S MA*9E4 

,?US1 AS ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN >GU$1 IMP]IALISM IS F> FROM BE+ ! LA/ /AGE ( CIVILIZATION BUT IS EMB$D$ 9 ! E>LIE/ /AGES ( ! /ATE & CLASS SOCIETY4 ,SO !RE IS ALWAYS A BRUTAL FRONTI] :]E !RE IS EMPIRE & ALWAYS EMPIRE :]E !RE IS CIVILIZATION4 ,! 9/ABILITY & RAPIDITY ( *ANGE AS WELL AS ! VIOL5CE & DE/RUCTIV5ESS ( ! *ANGE BO? BELIE EMPIRE'S CLAIM TO NATURAL LEGITIMACY1 SUGGE/+ ONCE MORE AN EVOLUTION>Y WRONG TURN1 A PR(\NDLY WID5+ DISEQUILIBRIUM4 

,! FRONTI] EXP&S ALONG TWO 9T]SECT+ AXES1 C5TRIFUGAL & C5TRIPETAL4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,/ANLEY ,DIAMOND1 0,CIVILIZATION ORIG9ATES 9 CONQUE/ ABROAD & REPRESSION AT HOME4 ,EA* IS AN ASPECT ( ! O!R40 ,?US \TW>DLY1 EMPIRE IS EXPRESS$ GEOGRAPHICALLY 7NOR!RN ,CANADA1 ,MALAYSIA1 ! ,AMAZON1 ETC42 ! OCEAN BOTTOMS1 EV5 \T] SPACE7 & BIOSPH]ICALLY 7DISRUPTION ( WEA!R & CLIMATE1 VA/ *EMICAL EXP]IM5TS ON ! AIR & WAT]1 ELIM9ATION & SIMPLIFICATION ( ECOSY/EMS1 G5ETIC MANIPULATION74 

,BUT ! PROCESS IS REPLICAT$ 9T]NALLY ON ! HUMAN SPIRIT3 EV]Y ZEK F9DS AN EMPIRE 9 M9IATURE 0WIR$0 TO ! V]Y N]V\S SY/EM4 

,SO1 TOO1 IS REPRESSION NATURALIZ$1 ! P]MAN5T CRISIS 9 *>ACT] & ! AU?ORIT>IAN PLAGUE LEGITIMAT$4 ,IT />TS ) FRI<T5$ OB$I5CE TO ! >*ON OR PATRI>*1 !N MOVES BY WAY ( PROJECTION TO A VIOL5T1 NUMB$ REFUSAL ( ! LIV+ SUBJECTIVITY & 9TEGRITY ( ! O!R -- :E!R F\ND 9 NATURE1 9 WOMAN1 OR 9 CONQU]$ PEOPLES4 

,AT ONE 5D ( ! HI]>*IC PYRAMID /&S UNMITIGAT$ P[]2 AT ! O!R1 SUBMISSION M+LES ) ISOLATION1 FRAGM5TATION & RAGE4 ,ALL IS JU/IFI$1 BY ! IDEOLOGY ( ,PROGRESS -- CONQUE/ & SUBJUGATION ( PEOPLES1 RU9 ( L&S & SACRIFICE ZONES = ! EMPIRE1 SELF-REPRESSION1 MASS ADDICTION TO IMP]IAL SPOILS1 ! MAT]IALIZATION ( CULTURE4 ,IDEOLOGY KEEPS ! WORK & W> MA*9ES OP]AT+4 

,ULTIMATELY1 ?IS VORTEX BR+S AB\T ! COMPLETE OBJECTIFICATION ( NATURE4 ,EV]Y RELATION%IP IS 9CREAS+LY 9/RUM5TALIZ$ & TE*NICIZ$4 ,ME*ANIZATION & 9DU/RIALIZATION HAVE RAPIDLY TRANS=M$ ! PLANET1 EXPLOD+ ECOSY/EMS & HUMAN COMMUNITIES ) MONOCULTURE1 9DU/RIAL DEGRADATION & MASS M>KETS4 ,! WORLD N[ CORRESPONDS MORE CLOSELY TO ! PROPHETIC W>N+S ( PRIMAL PEOPLES ?AN TO ! HOLL[ ADV]TIS+ CLAIMS ( ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM3 ! PLANTS DISAPPE>+ & ! ANIMALS DY+1 ! SOILS D5UD$ ALONG ) ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 VA/ OCEANS POISON$1 ! V]Y RA9 TURN$ CORROSIVE & DEADLY1 HUMAN COMMUNITIES AT W> ) ONE ANO!R OV] DIM9I%+ SPOILS -- & ALL POIS$ ON ! BR9K ( AN EV5 GREAT] ANNIHILATION AT ! PU% ( A FEW BUTTONS )9 REA* ( /UNT$1 HALF-DEAD HEAD-ZEKS 9 =TIFI$ BUNK]S4 ,CIVILIZATION'S RAILROAD LEADS NOT ONLY TO ECOCIDE1 BUT TO EVOLUTION>Y SUICIDE4 ,EV]Y EMPIRE LUR*ES T[>D ! OBLIVION IT FABRICATES & WILL EV5TUALLY BE COV]$ ) S&4 ,CAN A WORLD WOR? 9HABIT+ SURVIVE ! RU9 ?AT WILL BE LEFT8 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK -- ,UPDAT$4 

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