,CAPITALISM & ,PLANN+ ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,PUBLI%$3 9 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE ,VOL4 #a1 NO4#d1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#e1 PP #e-#a#e4 ,S\RCE3 ,ANTONIE ,PANNEKOEK ,>*IVES ,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,GRAHAM ,DY] ,I ,! LIT]ATURE DEAL+ ) ! PROBLEMS ( A PLANN$ ECONOMY HAS ATTA9$ PROPORTIONS COMP>ABLE ONLY ) ?OSE ( ! CRISIS :I* BR\MONI\S CAPITALISM1 ! LATT] HOPES = A GRADUAL & PEACEFUL TRANS=MATION ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC SY/EM 9TO A ?OR\ILY B\ND UP ) ?AT ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE2 WE >E H]E PRES5T$ M]ELY ) POLITICAL ADAPTATIONS ( ACCOMPLI%$ TRANS=MATIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE4 ,9 VIEW ( ! CONCRETE SITUATION ( CRISIS1 ! SURVIV+ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! LAISSEZ-FAIRE PR9CIPLE HAVE A H>D TIME DEF5D+ !IR !ORETICAL PO/ULATES AGA9/ ! PLANN]S4 ,IT BECOMES 9CREAS+LY IMPLAUSIBLE ?AT ! M>KET ME*ANISM1 ( ITSELF1 CAN OV]COME ! PRES5T DIFFICULTIES4 ,& EV5 IF IT C\LD1 !RE /ILL REMA9S OP5 ! NO LESS IMPORTANT QUE/ION ( :E!R SOCIETY %ALL SUBMIT SUP9ELY TO ! BRUTAL HEAL+ PROCESS 9 :I* ! M>KET PRODUCES ITS REGULAT+ EFFECTS OR :E!R IT %ALL NOT RA!R TAKE A CONSCI\S P>T 9 ?IS PROCESS4 ,9 A WORD3 IS IT NOT BETT] TO REGULATE ! M>KET ?AN TO RESIGN ONESELF TO ITS CONTROL8 ,9 SPITE ( ! LIVEL9ESS ( ! DISCUSSION ON ! P>T ( ! LAISSEZ-FAIRES1 ! FACT NO LESS REMA9S ?AT !Y >E HI/ORICALLY SUP]S$$1 = !IR BASIS 9 'CLASSIC' COMPETITIVE CAPITALISM IS DRAWN FROM UND] !M4 ,! 5T]PRISES B\ND UP ) FREE COMPETITION FALL EASY VICTIMS TO ! MONOPOLI/IC =CES 9 :I* ! PROCESS ( CAPITAL CONC5TRATION /ILL EXPRESSES ITSELF4 ,! RESI/ANCE (F]$ BY !SE GR\PS TO ALL PLANN+ EXP]IM5TS IS ACCORD+LY NOT A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ANY 'SOCIALI/IC' T5D5CIES ( ! V>I\S GOV]NM5TS BUT ! LA/ DESPAIR+ EF=TS ( WEAK] CAPITALI/ GR\PS AGA9/ ! MONOPOLI/IC COMPETITION BY :I* !Y >E BE+ DE/ROY$2 & SO1 9 !IR AGITATION1 !Y HAD TO TAKE FLIN+ VOICES ) ! ASS]TION ?AT NO ADVANCE IS POSSIBLE EXCEPT ?R\< COMPLETE PLANLESSNESS4 ,H[EV] MU* SUPPORT !Y MAY F9D = SU* A POSITION 9 ! PA/1 IT REMA9S CLE> ?AT ! FUTURE IS NOT DE/9$ TO FOLL[ ! PATT]N ( ! PA/ BUT IMM$IATELY ?AT ( ! PRES5T2 & = ?AT REASON !IR CRY ( PROTE/ CAN 9SPIRE NO MORE T]ROR OR RE/RA9T ?AN AS ?AT ( ! HOGS 9 ! SLAUTS DIRECT$ AGA9/ LAISSEZ-FAIRE PR9CIPLE /RIKE HOME1 EV5 ?\< !Y >E FIR$ ) CLOS$ EYES4 ,( C\RSE1 ! ,M>XI/S AS WELL AS A NUMB] ( ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S - ON DIFF]5T PREMISES1 TO BE SURE - REJECT ! POSSIBILITY ( A P>TIAL PLANN+1 ASS]T+ ?AT SU* A ?+ IS A SELF-CONTRADICTION & ?AT A PLANN$ ECONOMY NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES ! MEAN+FUL & H>MONI\S 9T]CONNECTION ( ALL PROCESSES 9 ALL ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SPH]ES1 TO :I* 5D ! MO/ CONSI/5T C5TRALIZATION ( ECONOMIC DIRECTION IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,BUT SU* A POSITION1 H[EV] CORRECT IT MAY BE1 /ILL FAILS TO MEET ! OBJECTION ?AT A P>TIAL PLANN+ 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES IS CAPABLE ( SUPPRESS+ SOME ( ! ECONOMIC FRICTION1 ( OV]COM+ A NUMB] ( M9OR DIFFICULTIES & ?US ( CREAT+ NEW SITUATIONS :I* 9 !IR TURN CAN EX]T A MORE OR LESS FAVORABLE 9FLU5CE UPON ! ECONOMIC PROCESS4 ,IF ?IS IS ! CASE1 ONE HAS A P]FECT RITIAL PLANN+01 & ANY CRITICISM W\LD PRACTICALLY ONLY BE TILT+ AGA9/ ! T]M9OLOGY :I* MAKES ?IS PIECEMEAL PLANN+ SYNONYM\S ) PLANN$ ECONOMY ITSELF4 ,EV]Y PLANN$ ECONOMY HAS ITS PLANLESS ASPECTS1 & EV]Y PLANLESS ECONOMY HAS ALSO ITS REGULAT$ MOM5TS4 ,9 ! CLASSIC CAPITALISM ( FREE COMPETITION !RE W]E MONOPOLIES1 & 9 MONOPOLY CAPITALISM !RE IS COMPETITION1 EV5 ?\< ( A MORE LIMIT$ SORT4 ,FROM G5]AL COMPETITION >OSE ?AT ( ! MONOPOLIES AMONG EA* O!R1 :I* AM\NTS TO SAY+ ?AT COMPETITION HAS ON ! ONE H& WAN$ AS REG>DS COMPLEXITY 9 ORD] TO WAX 9 O!R =MS AS REG>DS 9T5SITY4 ,H[EV] MU* ! CLASSIC CAPITALISM MAY BE DIFF]5TIAT$ FROM ! MONOPOLI/IC1 /ILL ! ONE CANNOT BE SET OV] AGA9/ ! O!R3 MONOPOLY CAPITALISM IS ! OLD-AGE MANIFE/ATION ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE1 & ITS PLANN$-ECONOMY PHRASEOLOGY IS ONLY ! MAKEUP :I* CONCEALS DECAY4 ,IF WE ID5TIFY ! RESULTS ( MONOPOLIZATION1 OR ( ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS ( C5TRALIZATION & CONC5TRATION1 ) ! EXP]IM5TS 9 PLANN$ ECONOMY1 WE GET AWAY FROM ! IDLE & PURELY CONCEPTUAL DISPUTE AS TO :E!R ! PLANN+ %ALL1 CAN OR MU/ BE C>RI$ \T COMPLETELY OR HALF WAY1 AT ONCE OR GRADUALLY4 ,ALSO ! QUE/ION AS TO :]E ! PLANN+ WILL LEAD LOSES ALL SIGNIFICANCE1 SO ?AT ONLY ! QUE/ION ( PR9CIPLE REMA9S OP53 :E!R PLANN$ ECONOMY & CAPITALISM >E AT ALL SUSCEPTIBLE ( BE+ COMB9$4 ,WE MIT ( ! !ORIES ( PLANN+ HI!RTO DEVIS$ CAN BE APPRAIS$ ONLY AS LIT]ATURE1 S9CE !IR AU?ORS HAVE REFRA9$ FROM T\*+ UPON ! LAWS BY :I* CAPITALI/ RELATIONS >E GOV]N$4 ,!IR />T+ PO9T WAS ALWAYS DISCONT5T ) EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 ,!Y NOT$1 AS ANYONE MAY READILY DO1 :AT WAS ABLY SET =? BY ,HOOV]'S ,RESE>* ,COMMITTEE ON ,SOCIAL ,TR5DS3 ?AT SOCIETY'S CAPACITY = PRODUC+ COMMODITIES IS CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+ AT A MORE RAPID RATE ?AN ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! POPULATION1 ?AT ! RATIO ( EMPLOYM5T FAILS TO KEEP /EP ) ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE MA*9]Y1 & ?AT ! MEANS ( COMMUNICATION BETWE5 NATIONS *ANGE MORE RAPIDLY ?AN ! REORGANIZATION ( 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,9 BRIEF1 ! RATE ( GR[? ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION IS SU* & ! =MS ASSUM$ BY !M >E SU* ?AT ! SOCIAL RELATIONS CANNOT BE ADAPT$ TO !SE =MS BUT >E BREAK+ !M D[N4 ,! NATURAL CONCLUSION1 NAMELY1 ?AT !SE BACKW>D RELATIONS MU/ BE SWEPT ASIDE1 NEV] OCCURS TO ! !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+ & CANNOT OCCUR TO !M1 S9CE !Y >E !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+ ONLY )9 ! EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,SO !Y TRY TO TURN HI/ORY BACKW>D & TO >RE/ ?IS PA9FUL GR[? ( ! SOCIAL CAPACITIES1 AFT] ! MANN] ( ?OSE LOVELY ,JAPANESE LADIES :O B&AGE !IR FEET 9 ORD] TO KEEP !M DA9TY4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! ACTUAL RESULT IS SIMPLY MAIM+4 ,TO ! ECONOMIC PLANN]S1 IT IS A QUE/ION ( DIM9I%+ ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY & AT ! SAME TIME ( 9CREAS+ ! PUR*AS+ P[]4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ?IS TWO-FOLD PROCESS A TIME MU/ COME :5 ! DISPROPORTION N[ EXI/+ BETWE5 ! TWO WILL BE ELIM9AT$ & ! WAY PREP>$ = A H>MONI\S 9T]PLAY4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION !RE IS NO ATTEMPT TO BL9K ! FACT ?AT SU* AN 5D REQUIRES ! UTMO/ C5TRALIZATION ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[]1 & ! !ORETICIANS HOLD AS A PRESUPPOSITION ( ALL PLANN+ :AT HAS BE5 EMPHASIZ$ 9 ! WORDS ( ,SIR ,>?UR ,SALT]1 ONE ( ! MO/ VITAL ( ,5GLI% !ORETICIANS3 0,! CONGREGATION ( 9DIVIDUAL WILLS MU/ BE /ILL FUR!R CONTROLL$ BY ! EX]CISE ( ! PUBLIC WILL1 ACCEL]AT+ OR SMOO?+ ! READJU/M5T OR PREV5T+ ! CIRCUM/ANCES !MSELVES FROM *ANG+ SO VIOL5TLY04 ,:ATEV] PA9S ! !ORETICIANS MAY TAKE TO WORK \T !IR !SES D[N TO ! LEA/ DETAIL1 ALL !SE PRETTY GAMES WILL BE V]Y MU* WA/$ SO F> AS CAPITALISM ITSELF IS CONC]N$4 ,TO ! CAPITALI/S1 ! PROBLEM ( PLANN+ IS A QUITE ONE-SID$ & PRACTICAL MATT]1 NAMELY1 ! CONV]SION & ADAPTATION ( !IR PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS & ( !IR BUS9ESS TO ! AUTOMATICALLY CONTRACT+ RELATIONS ( ! M>KET & TO ! *ANGES )9 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE - AS BR\TELIZATION & TRU/IFICATION - 9 ORD] TO W9 = !MSELVES AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ( ! SOCIAL PR(IT4 ,:AT ACTUAL 0PLANN+0 TAKES PLACE W\LD TAKE PLACE EV5 )\T DECISIVE MODIFICATIONS - EV5 IF ! V>I\S BRA9 TRU/S DID NOT EXI/ - & PRECISELY UPON ! PRESCRIB$ BASIS ( ! NATURAL M>KET T5D5CIES UND] 0MONOPOLI/IC LAISSEZ-FAIRE04 ,! 0PLANN+0 DOES NOT *ANGE ! SOCIAL ME*ANISM1 BUT ?IS ME*ANISM FUNCTIONS TODAY 9 A MANN] :I* FALLS 9 ) ! !ORIES ( ! PLANN]S4 ,IT EXP&$ ! PRODUCTIVITY ( SOCIETY 9 ORD] !N1 ON ! GR\ND ( ?IS EXPANSION1 TO CONTRACT IT4 ,?IS CAPITALI/IC SABOTAGE IS NOT DET]M9$ BY ANY PLANS :ATSOEV] - ! PLANS M]ELY MAKE IT KN[N - BUT BY ! PLANLESSNESS ( ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,CAPITALI/ PLANN$ ECONOMY IS !RE=E NO?+ MORE ?AN PLANN$ PLANLESSNESS1 OR MORE SIMPLY /AT$ - NONS5SE4 ,) ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC SY/EM AS ! ONLY ONE = ALL TIME !RE CAN1 ( C\RSE1 BE NO 9SI A BL9D MAN LECTURE ON VAN ,GO<4 ,! PLANN] CANNOT SEE ) HIS [N EYES1 BUT ONLY BY WAY ( AN \TSIDE AG5T BY :I* HE IS DET]M9$4 ,BUT ?IS \TSIDE AG5T1 COMMODITY FETI%ISM1 /&S ECONOMY ON ITS HEAD4 ,! MANN] 9 :I* B\RGEOIS ECONOMY ?9KS HAD ALREADY BE5 *>ACT]IZ$ BY ,M>X3 0,TO BE A GOOD-LOOK+ MAN IS A PRODUCT ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT TO BE ABLE TO READ & WRITE IS A NATURAL GIFT40 ,I,V ,! %>ES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES 9 ! TOTAL SOCIAL PR(IT BE+ DEP5D5T ON ! MAGNITUDE ( ! CAPITALS 9VOLV$1 SO ?AT !IR [N]S >E COMPELL$ TO KEEP ON 9CREAS+ !IR CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES AS CAPITALI/S :5 PR(ITS >E DIM9I%+ 9 VIRTUE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION S9CE !Y MU/ /RIVE TO ATTA9 ! AV]AGE SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! NECESS>Y AV]AGE PR(IT - IT FOLL[S ?AT ! H9D]+ ( ! GR[? ( ! SMALL CAPITALS MEANS EV5TUALLY !IR DE/RUCTION4 ,!SE CAPITALI/S >E WELL AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT CONTROL ( PRODUCTION MEANS !IR ELIM9ATION 9 ! 9T]E/ ( L>G] AGGREGATIONS2 ?AT ! COMB9+ PROCESS :I* GOES ON AUTOMATICALLY EV5 DUR+ ! CRISIS1 BY WAY ( BANKRUPTCIES1 IS N[ TO BE FUR!R PROMOT$ BY POLITICAL MEANS1 ?R\< ! PLANN$-ECONOMY DEMAGOGY2 ?AT 0FREEZE ! /ATUS QUO0 IS 9 REALITY ! PLANFUL DE/RUCTION ( SMALL CAPITALS 9 ORD] TO PROLONG ! LIFE ( ! L>G] ONES1 :OSE ONLY REMA9+ MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE IS DEA?4 ,! ?+ :I* TO SOME1 7E4G4 ,PR(ESSOR ,MOLEY7 IS A NEW HUMANIT>IAN ADJU/M5T 9 ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SPH]ES IS TO ! O!RS A D[NRIE JU/IFI$ 9 APPEAL+ TO ! LAWS ( NATURE1 :I* DO NOT ADMIT ( A 0/ATUS QUO02 & :ILE !IR D[NFALL IS A PRO( ( ! CORRECTNESS ( ?IS CONCEPTION1 YET 9 ! CAPITALI/ S5SE - AS %[N1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ! P]FECTLY NATURAL MANN] 9 :I* CRISES OCCUR - NATURAL LAWS OP]ATE ONLY BY WAY ( ]UPTIONS4 ,AL?\< ! /AGNAT+ T5D5CIES >E DOOM$ TO REMA9 NO MORE ?AN T5D5CIES1 /ILL1 SO LONG AS !Y WORK1 !Y WILL ACCOMPLI% !IR TASK1 & ! FATE ( MANY \TSID]S WILL BE ABSOLUTELY & =EV] SETTL$ ?R\< ! 0UNNATURAL /ATUS QUO0 ( MONOPOLY4 ,NO LONG]1 AS =M]LY1 DOES ! NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALS 9CREASE ) ! GR[? ( ! TOTAL SOCIAL CAPITAL2 RA!R1 AS CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T PROCE$S1 ?AT NUMB] CONT9UALLY DIM9I%ES4 ,WE >E GO+ BACK1 EV5 ?\< ) MANY MODIFICATIONS1 TO CONDITIONS LIKE ?OSE :I* EXI/$ 9 ! BEG9N+S ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :5 !RE WAS LITTLE DI/9CTION BETWE5 EXPROPRIATION & ACCUMULATION4 ,! REASON IS ?AT AT ! 5D ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 AS AT ITS BEG9N+1 ! ?IR/ = PR(IT & ! COMPULSION TO REAP IT >E GREAT] ?AN DUR+ ITS TIME ( VIGOR4 ,! PRIMITIV5ESS & UNSCRUPUL\SNESS ( *ILDHOOD REPEATS ITSELF 9 OLD AGE1 ?\< ) MORE F9ESSE4 ,! B5EFICI>IES ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM GR[ FEW] & FEW]1 SO ?AT ! /RUGGLE = %>ES ( ! SOCIAL PR(IT MU/ GR[ %>P]4 ,:ILE ON ! ONE H& !RE >E 9CREAS+LY GREAT] POSSIBILITIES = ! CONSCI\S REGULATION ( ! ECONOMIC LIFE1 !Y >E MORE & MORE EXCLUD$ BY ! PROP]TY RELATIONS4 ,:AT PASSES ITSELF (F AS PLANN$ ECONOMY1 ?AT IS1 AS A CONSCI\S TAK+ 9 H& ( ! SOCIAL PROCESS ( LIFE1 IS 9 REALITY ! %>P5+ ( ! /RUGGLE ( ALL AGA9/ ALL4 ,SO LONG AS SOCIETY IS B\ND TO COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 IT IS ONLY ?R\< ! M>KET ?AT ITS NE$S CAN BE SATISFI$4 ,:]E ! SOCIAL CONNECTION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS ( MUTUALLY 9DEP5D5T PRIVATE PRODUC]S IS DELAY$ 9 ITS REALIZATION1 )\T REG>D TO SOCIETY1 UNTIL ! GOODS REA* ! M>KET1 ANY LIMITATION IMPOS$ UPON ! FRE$OM ( M>KET+ IS A LIMITATION UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL 5TREPR5EURS !MSELVES & CAN ONLY LEAD TO %>P5+ !IR OPPOSITIONS4 ,LIMITATION ( PRODUCTION1 :I* CAN ONLY BE BR\KET HAS ! SAME EFFECT4 ,EV5 IF ! IDEA ( A CAPITALI/ PLANN$ ECONOMY NE$ NOT BE COMPLETELY REJECT$1 IT CAN BE ASSIGN$ NO MORE ?AN A LIMIT$ VALIDITY4 ,IT IS ONLY UND] CONDITIONS 9 :I* A C]TA9 GR\P ( 9T]E/S SUCCE$S 9 COMPLETELY DOM9AT+ ALL ! RE/ ( SOCIETY1 ?AT ! IDEA C\LD BE JU/IFI$ 9 A CONDITIONAL S5SE4 ,YET ! UNAVOIDABLE SOCIAL CONVULSIONS >IS+ UND] SU* CONDITIONS >E PROBABLY 5\< AGA9 TO EXCLUDE ! SPECULATION2 QUITE AP>T FROM ! /ILL WEIKET & HAS ITS F9AL BASIS 9 CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ITSELF4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY NECESS>ILY PRESUPPOSES EX*ANGE4 ,EV5 IF ! IMPOSSIBLE %\LD BE ACCOMPLI%$1 NAMELY1 ! EMBRAC+ ( ALL CAPITALS 9 A GIANT C>TEL1 ?IS LATT]1 AS ! BUY] ( LABOR P[]1 W\LD /ILL /& OV] AGA9/ ! WORK]S ) ONLY !IR LABOR P[] TO SELL1 SO ?AT PRODUCTION1 & H5CE ALSO DI/RIBUTION1 W\LD NECESS>ILY CONT9UE TO BE ANTAGONI/IC4 ,?US WE HAVE ALREADY AT H& ! G]M ( CRISIS & COLLAPSE1 EV5 UND] SU* CONDITIONS4 ,EV5 H]E A G5U9E PLANN$ ECONOMY W\LD BE EXCLUD$1 S9CE ! CONTRADICTION :I* IS PRES5T 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ )\T /RUGGLE & )\T *ANGES 9 ! SOCIAL =M4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE 9 ! CURR5T PLANN$-ECONOMY T5D5CIES MORE ?AN A NEW CONCEPTUAL =MULATION ( ! LEGITIMATE C\RSE ( ! MONOPOLI/IC MOVEM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ITS P]IOD ( DECL9E4 ,?AT 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T WE HAVE AT ! SAME TIME ! PREP>ATION ( ! MAT]IAL F\NDATIONS = A G5U9E SOCIALI/ PLANN+1 GOES )\T SAY+4 ,V ,! 5DEAVOR TO /ABILIZE PRES5T CAPITAL 9VE/M5TS AT !IR PRES5T LEVEL1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( PLANN$ ECONOMY1 IS BUT AN EXPRESSION ( ! FACT ?AT AT A HI< LEVEL ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T FUR!R TE*NICAL PROGRESS NO LONG]1 AS BE=E1 9CREASES PR(ITS BUT DIM9I%ES !M4 ,?\< ! CONT9UANCE ( MONOPOLIZATION CANNOT BE HALT$ ?IS PROCESS IS AT ! SAME TIME ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALI/ S\RCES ( EXI/5CE1 9 ?AT IT ELIM9ATES MORE & MORE SU* ?+S AS CAPITAL DEVALUATIONS1 TAK+ PRACTICAL EXPRESSION 9 MASS BANKRUPTCIES1 & BY :I* ! LOAD ( ! CRISIS IS LIY TO CAPITALISM1 BECOMES AT ! SAME TIME MORE DIFFICULT BY REASON ( ! EXPANSION ALREADY ATTA9$1 S9CE H]E IT IS NOT ! GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS BUT ?OSE ( ACCUMULATION :I* >E DECISIVE4 ,! MORE IMP]ATIVE ! IMP]IALI/IC CONFLICTS BECOME1 ! MORE DUBI\S ALSO !IR RESULTS4 ,9 %ORT1 ! RE/RICTION ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES IS AT ! SAME TIME !IR DEVELOPM5T & ?IS DEVELOPM5T AT ! SAME TIME !IR RE/RICTION4 ,?IS TWO-FOLD MOVEM5T HAS BR\S TO >ISE FROM ! DISPROPORTION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,?\< IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT SU* A DISPROPORTION EXI/S1 IT IS B\ND UP ) ! MAT]IAL *>ACT] ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 A *>ACT] :I* 9 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD1 H[EV]1 HAS VALIDITY ONLY = ! 9DIVIDUALS & NOT = ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,IF A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 OR IF A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL 9 LOOK+ ON PIL$-UP /OCKS ( FOOD1 W]E TO GO HUNGRY1 ?AT IS1 IF BO? W]E CRAZY1 9 ?AT CASE ONE MID$ AS USE >TICLES 9 !IR MAT]IAL =M1 PLAY 9 ! SOCIAL S5SE NO P>T4 ,SO ?AT :5 ONE SPEAKS ( ! SPREAD BETWE5 PRODUCTION & PUR*AS+ P[]1 ONE MU/ FIR/ KN[ :AT ALL ! !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+ COMPLETELY NEGLECT1 NAMELY1 :AT CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] IS4 ,HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAPACITY & CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,! S5SELESSNESS ( DE/ROY+ COMMODITIES1 E4G4 FROM ! /&PO9T ( NATURAL CONSUMPTION1 IS V]Y 'S5SIBLE' FROM ! /&PO9T ( CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[]1 & ANYONE :O GETS EXCIT$ AB\T ?IS CAPITALI/ '9SANITY' & WANTS TO ABOLI% IT UND] CAPITALISM SIMPLY FAILS TO UND]/& ?AT 9SANITY IS ! PRIME MOTIVE ( ?IS SOCIETY & CONSEQU5TLY IS NOT 9SANITY4 ,! NATURAL NECESSITIES ( A C]TA9 PROPORTIONALITY BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION ASS]T !MSELVES VIOL5TLY 9 ! 5D AGA9/ SU* 9V]T$ SOCIAL CONDITIONS & =M ! CONT5T ( REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY4 ,PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY DOES NOT EV5 CONC]N ITSELF ) DET]M9+ ! CONSUMPTION CAPACITY OR NE$S ( SOCIETY1 9 ORD] TO MAKE A CORRESPOND+ ADJU/M5T ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT LEAVES ?IS TO ! 9DIVIDUALS1 :ILE ! ONLY SOCIAL CONC]N IS ! M>KET ON :I* ! PUR*AS+ P[] DEP5DS4 ,S9CE ! M>KET =CES ! CAPITALI/S TO 9DIVIDUAL ACCUMULATION1 ! ONLY DECISIVE FACTOR 9 DET]M9+ CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] IS ! NECESSITIES & POSSIBILITIES ( ACCUMULATION4 ,CAPITAL ITSELF IS ! GREATE/ CONSUM] & =MS ITS [N M>KET4 ,TO SPEAK ( LACK ( PUR*AS+ P[] M]ELY MEANS ?AT CAPITAL IS MAK+ NO USE ( ITS PUR*AS+ P[] & WE HAVE TO 9QUIRE AB\T ! REASON = ?IS FACT4 ,S9CE PR(IT IS ! MOTIVE ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 IT MU/ ALSO FURNI% ! EXPLANATION = ?IS AB/5TION4 ,) ?IS QUE/ION1 WE COME UP AGA9/ ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,!SE LAWS >E WISELY NEGLECT$ BY ! !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+1 & H5CE !IR !ORIES CANNOT BE TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,V,I ,CAPITAL :I* FAILS TO 9CREASE MU/ ( NECESSITY SOME DAY CEASE TO BE CAPITAL4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL =CES ( PRODUCTION CAN BE EI!R RE/RICT$ OR PROMOT$ BY ! SOCIAL RELATIONS1 BUT RE/RICT$ ONLY TEMPOR>ILY4 ,EV5TUALLY1 HUMAN ADVANCE ASS]TS ITSELF 9 ALL SOCIAL =MS1 S9CE ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 ONCE >\S$1 >E 5D[$ ) SELF-MOVEM5T & TAKE ON EV] NEW & MORE COMPLICAT$ PATT]NS4 ,?IS PROCESS1 :I* UND]LIES ALL SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL =MS1 ASSUMES ! CAPITALI/IC G>B ( ! NE$ = ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 ,! LAWS ( ?IS NECESSITY RETA9 !IR AUTONOM\S P[] EV5 :5 !Y HAVE CEAS$ TO S]VE HUMAN PROGRESS4 ,! RESULT+ CONFLICT =CES ! REVOLUTION>Y SOLUTION4 ,S9CE ACCUMULATION IS 9 PRACTICE ! CONT9UAL GR[? ( ! APP>ATUS ( PRODUCTION & ( ITS PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY1 ITS PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION DEV\RS A GREAT] & GREAT] P>T ( ! NEWLY PRODUC$ SOCIAL PRODUCT1 OR1 CAPITALI/ICALLY EXPRESS$1 ( ! NEWLY WON CAPITAL4 ,! SAME PROCESS *EAP5S LABOR & *ANGES ! PROPORTIONS 9 :I* ! CAPITAL IS DIVID$4 ,G5]AL HUMAN ADVANCE :I* CONSI/S 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( SETT+ 9 MOTION MORE & MORE MEANS ( PRODUCTION ) LESS & LESS LABOR1 & H5CE ( TURN+ \T GREAT] & GREAT] QUANTITIES ( PRODUCTS1 EXPRESSES ITSELF CAPITALI/ICALLY 9 A MORE RAPID GR[? ( ! CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 MEANS ( PRODUCTION & RAW MAT]IALS ?AN ( ?AT 9VE/$ 9 WAGES4 ,?IS FACT IS EVID5T AT ONCE FROM A COMP>ISON ( ! CAPITAL COMPOSITION ( FIFTY YE>S AGO ) ?AT ( TODAY4 ,CAPITALI/ PR(IT IS1 H[EV]1 COMPUT$ ON ! TOTAL CAPITAL1 ?\< S9CE 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS IT IS NO?+ BUT UNPAID LABOR IT V>IES ONLY ) ! MAGNITUDE ( ! WAGE CAPITAL4 ,! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 APPROPRIAT$ LABOR AS ! BASIS ( PR(IT & ! MAGNITUDE ( ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL 7MEANS ( PRODUCTION & LABOR P[]7 LEADS1 ) ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ACCUMULATION1 TO ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT &1 AT A HI< /AGE ( ACCUMULATION1 TO ! ACTUAL DECL9E ( ! MASS ( PR(IT4 ,9 A WORD3 A GREAT] SOCIAL CAPITAL PRODUCES A SMALL] SOCIAL PR(IT4 ,?IS CONTRADICTORY MOVEM5T1 :I* H]E CAN M]ELY BE 9DICAT$1 MU/ LEAD TO A SITUATION 9 :I* ! DIM9I%$ PR(ITS NOT ONLY TAKE AWAY ! 9C5TIVE TO FUR!R ACCUMULATION1 S9CE SU* ACCUMULATION W\LD DIM9I% 9/EAD ( PROMOTE PR(ITABILITY1 BUT 9 :I* ACCUMULATION BECOMES QUITE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ABSOLUTELY1 ! PR(IT ACQUIR$ MAY BE GREAT] ?AN BE=E1 & YET BE TOO SMALL RELATIVELY TO ! DEM&S ( FUR!R ACCUMULATION4 ,! CAPITALI/ CRISIS IS BUT AN EXPRESSION ( ! FACT ?AT FUR!R ACCUMULATION IS CAPITALI/ICALLY NOT WOR?:ILE OR IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! CAPITALI/S MAKE NO USE ( !IR PUR*AS+ P[]1 S9CE IT DOESN'T PAY !M TO DO SO OR BECAUSE ACCUMULATION CONSUMES MORE ?AN IS AT H& = ITS PURPOSES4 ,PRACTICALLY1 !RE !N TAKES PLACE :AT ! !ORETICIANS WANT TO 'PLAN'3 ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS WILL NO LONG] BE EXP&$ TO CORRESPOND ) ! HI!RTO PREVAIL+ TEMPO ( ACCUMULATION4 ,( C\RSE1 PR(ITS CONT9UE TO BE MADE1 BUT ?OSE P>TS SET ASIDE = NEW 9VE/M5TS FAIL TO REA* !IR DE/9ATION1 = H[EV] GREAT !Y MAY BE1 !Y >E TOO SMALL ) RESPECT TO ! DEM& ( ACCUMULATION4 ,!Y LIE IDLE & ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT TOO MU* CAPITAL IS PRES5T ?\< 9 REALITY ?IS SUP]FLUITY IS A DEFICI5CY ( CAPITAL3 AN EXCESS ( CAPITAL >ISES FROM A LACK ( CAPITAL4 ,H[EV] P>ADOXICAL ?IS MAY S\ND1 SCI5TIFIC TRU?S ALWAYS APPE> P>ADOXICAL TO ?AT 0COMMON S5SE0 :I* NEV] GETS BEYOND APPE>ANCES4 ,ON ?IS BASIS IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT ! OV]PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES IS TO BE REG>D$ M]ELY AS A RESULT & NOT AS A CAUSE ( ! CRISIS4 ,EV5 ?\< ACCUMULATION IS NOT CONT9U$ & ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS IS NOT EXP&$ 9 ! NECESS>Y PROPORTION1 /ILL AT FIR/ PRODUCTION GOES ON AT ! PREVI\S LEVEL4 ,S9CE1 H[EV]1 !RE IS ESS5TIALLY NO NEW CAPITAL 9VE/$1 SO ALSO ITS MAT]IAL EMBODIM5TS1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & RAW MAT]IALS1 REMA9 UNUS$ 9 !IR COMMODITY =M4 ,!REUPON1 PRODUCTION IS DIM9I%$ OR QUITE SUSP5D$1 WORK]S DIS*>G$4 ,! CONSUMPTION 9DU/RIES ALSO >E DRAGG$ 9TO ! CRISIS1 :I* SOON SEIZES UPON ALL ! SOCIAL DOMA9S4 ,) ?IS1 ! COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE ( ! CAPITALI/S AMONG EA* O!R GR[S %>P]1 & ?IS LEADS TO GREAT PRICE DROPS1 BANKRUPTCIES & ! G5]AL PR$ICAM5T4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 WE SEE ALSO ! FACTORS :I* MAY S]VE 9 OV]COM+ ! CRISIS4 ,! CRISIS CAN BE DONE AWAY ) ONLY ?R\< ! CONT9U\S ( ACCUMULATION4 ,CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] MU/ BE /R5G!N$4 ,CAPITALI/ ECONOMI/S />E 9 P]PLEXITY AT ! 'RIDDLE' ( ! CRISIS4 ,IF !Y DRAW ! FAVORITE P>ALLELS ) ! PA/1 !Y SAY ?AT 'SC>CITY' WAS RESPONSIBLE = ECONOMIC COMPLICATIONS 9 ALL PRE-CAPITALI/ =MS ( ECONOMY1 ?\< 9 VIEW ( ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY1 ?IS FACTOR (F]S NO EXPLANATION = ! PRES5T DIFFICULTIES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !SE ECONOMI/S >E LOOK+ UPON ! CAPITALI/ WORLD 9 A MANN] 9 :I* IT CANNOT BE LOOK$ UPON2 ?AT IS1 AS A WORLD :I* S]VES TO SUPPLY ! NE$S ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,?IS CRISIS TOO HAS ITS BASIS 9 'SC>CITY'2 SC>CITY1 H[EV]1 NOT ( USE >TICLES BUT ( CAPITAL1 & ?IS SC>CITY MU/ BE OV]COME IF ! DEPRESSION IS TO BE WEA!R$4 ,PR(ITABILITY MU/ BE REE/ABLI%$ ON ! BASIS ( CONT9U$ ACCUMULATION4 ,S9CE1 H[EV]1 PR(ITS DO NOT FALL FROM HEAV51 BUT >E ! RESULT ( LABOR1 !Y CAN BE 9CREAS$ ONLY BY RAIS+ ! EXPROPRIABLE QUANTITY ( SURPLUS LABOR :I* ! WORK]S BECAUSE ( !IR SOCIAL POSITION HAVE TO P]=M = ! CAPITALI/S4 ,9 O!R WORDS3 ! RAIS+ ( CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[]1 :I* ALONE HAS ANY IMPORTANCE1 PRESUPPOSES L[]+ ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! WORK]S4 ,OV]COM+ ! DISPROPORTION BETWE5 CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] & ! NE$ = ACCUMULATION IS B\ND UP ) 9CREAS+ ! DISPROPORTION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ALL C\NTRIES1 EV5 ?OSE 5GAG$ ) EXP]IM5TS 9 PLANN$ ECONOMY1 %[ ?AT ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! MASSES 9 RELATION TO PRODUCTION IS CON/ANTLY /ILL S9K+ L[]4 ,! /ATI/ICAL MAT]IAL = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS AT H&3 IT %[S ?AT EV5 AFT] ! TRIUMPHAL M>* ( ! ,N,R,A1 ! DISPROPORTION BETWE5 ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! MASSES & ! ACTUAL PRODUCTION BECAME GREAT]4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY 9 ?IS WAY ?AT A RISE OCCURR$ 9 CAPITALI/ PUR*AS+ P[] & PRODUCTION ADVANC$ TEMPOR>ILY2 BUT TO D5OTE AS PLANN$ ECONOMY ! FUR!R IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! POPULATION IS AFT] ALL A BIT /RONG4 ,AT ! 5D ( EA* CRISIS1 CAPITALISM REORGANIZES ITSELF1 AFT] 5ORM\S SACRIFICES1 ON A NEW PRICE & VALUE LEVEL :I* 5ABLES PR(ITABLE EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS = A FUR!R P]IOD4 ,H[EV] GREATLY 'LOGIC' MAY BE SC&ALIZ$1 CAPITAL REALLY ACCUMULATES = ! SAKE ( ACCUMULATION4 ,IF A REORGANIZATION IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE1 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! PRICE & VALUE LEVEL CANNOT BE %RUNK TO Z]O1 S9CE A CONDITION 9 :I* ! WORK]S WORK = NO?+ IS NOT POSSIBLE1 !N !RE IS NO OV]COM+ ( ! CON/ANTLY DEEP5+ 'DEPRESSION' ?R\< O!R ?AN REVOLUTION>Y *ANNELS4 0,PLANN$ ECONOMY01 9S(> AS IT CONTA9S CONSCI\S ELEM5TS1 IS ! ATTEMPT TO DELAY ! ATTA9M5T ( ?IS PO9T1 & 9 SO DO+1 EV5 ?\< AGA9/ ITS WILL1 IT M]ELY DRIVES T[>D ! PO9T MORE RAPIDLY4 ,IT PLANS AGA9/ ! POSSIBILITY ( A G5U9E PLANN$ ECONOMY1 & ?US M]ELY PLANS ITS [N D[NFALL4 ,V,I,I ,! V>I\S EXPON5TS ( PLANN$ ECONOMY >E WELL KN[N4 ,:ATEV] MAY BE ! NATURE ( !IR P>TICUL> PROPOSALS1 !Y ALL %>E ) ,JOHN ,DEWEY ! HABIT ( VIEW+ ! PROBLEM FROM ! SIDE ( DI/RIBUTION1 EV5 :5 !Y SPEAK ( PRODUCTION4 ,V>I\S PROPOSALS ) REF]5CE TO MONEY1 CR$IT1 BANK+1 T>IFF1 C>TELIZATION1 & CONTROL ( PR(IT >E DESIGN$ TO GOV]N ! M>KET1 & ) IT1 ! :OLE ECONOMY ACCORD+ TO PR$ET]M9$ PLANS4 ,! LEGITIMACY ( ! M>KET1 ?\< FIR/ REJECT$1 IS N[ TO BE CONTROLL$ & AGA9 MADE 9TO ! REGULATOR ( ! SOCIAL LIFE4 ,H[EV]1 ! M>KET & COMPETITION HAVE A MEAN+ ONLY 9 SO LONG AS !Y WORK !IR P]NICI\S EFFECTS2 IF !IR OP]ATIONS >E CONTROLL$1 !Y >E DEPRIV$ ( !IR REGULAT+ FUNCTIONS & WE >RIVE AT ! OPPOSITE ( :AT WE SET \T TO ATTA94 ,ANY M>KET CONTROL BECOMES ! PRIVILEGE ( ! GR\PS ALREADY FAVOR$ BY ?AT M>KET4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S >E NOT GOV]N$ ACCORD+ TO ! PLANN+1 BUT ?IS PLANN+ CAN ONLY ADAPT ITSELF TO ! EXI/+ 9T]E/S ALREADY E/ABLI%$ AS A RESULT ( ! PREVI\S DEVELOPM5T4 ,COMPETITION IS MADE RESPONSIBLE = ! OV]-DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS1 ?\< IT IS ONLY ?IS CONT9U+ OV]-DEVELOPM5T :I* IS ! SECRET ( CAPITALI/ PROSP]ITY & ITS LIMITATION IS NO?+ BUT ! PHILOSOPHY ( CRISIS4 ,COMPETITION IS TO BE R$UC$ ?R\< ! FUR!R TRU/IFICATION & C>TELIZATION ( 5T]PRISES1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ?IS TRU/IFICATION IS A RESULT ( COMPETITION4 ,IT MAY BE TRUE ?AT )9 ! PRODUCTION C>TELS ! OV]PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES MAY BE H9D]$ 7A MATT] :I* 9 ! CAPITALI/ S5SE PLAYS NO DECISIVE P>T74 ,/ILL ! C>TELIZATION DOES NOT H9D] COMPETITION BETWE5 ! C>TELS4 ,NOR DOES IT H9D] ! OV]-EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS2 SU* OV]-EXPANSION IS FACILITAT$ BY WAY ( MONOPOLY PR(ITS1 S9CE EA* ( ! C>TELIZ$ 5T]PRISES IMPROVES & EXP&S ITS PLANTS 9 ORD] TO MAKE DIFF]5TIAL GA9S & RAISE ITS PRODUCTION QUOTA4 ,CAPITAL =MATION & CONTROL CAN NEV] BE ATTA9$ FROM A PLANN+ /ATION SO LONG AS PRODUCTION REMA9S 9 PRIVATE H&S4 ,! 5T]PRISES AS WELL AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MONOPOLIES CAN CROSS ! PLANS ( ! C5TRAL BUREAU 9 HUNDR$S ( WAYS &1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 IT HAS BE5 %[N 9 PRACTICE ?AT WAYS HAVE BE5 F\ND = GETT+ >\ND ! PLANS AS FA/ AS !Y W]E MADE4 ,SO 9 ! FACE ( !SE NUM]\S CONTRADICTIONS1 ! ECONOMY PLANN]S TAKE REFUGE 9 ! ILLUSION ( A /ATION>Y CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV] S5SELESS SU* A DEM& MAY BE1 IT IS NEV]!LESS ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ALL CAPITALI/ PLANN+1 :I* !REBY1 ?\< ( C\RSE RUEFULLY1 E/ABLI%ES ITS IMPOSSIBILITY4 ,A /ATION>Y CAPITALISM IS ONLY ANO!R NAME = ! P]MAN5T CRISIS2 & EV5 H]E ! T]M FAILS TO HOLD WAT]1 S9CE ANY P]MAN5T CRISIS CAN ONLY LEAD TO COLLAPSE & IS ACCORD+LY NOT /ATION>Y4 ,BUT IT IS ONLY ) A /ATION>Y1 I4E4 ILLUSION>Y1 CAPITALISM ?AT PLANN+ IS POSSIBLE1 S9CE ANY REVIVAL PROMPTLY ?R[S ALL PLANN+ OV]BO>D4 ,IF ! PLANN]S 5DEAVOR1 NEV]!LESS1 TO MAKE ! IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE1 &1 = EXAMPLE1 BELIEVE ?AT 9 SPITE ( TE*NICAL ADVANCES IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO HOLD ON TO AN ACCEPT$ PRICE LEVEL - ?AT IS1 IF !Y FANCY ?AT PRICES CAN BE JUGGL$ ) LIKE BALLS - !RE IS CONCEAL$ BEH9D !SE DREAMS NO?+ BUT A TOTAL IGNORANCE ( ! REAL NATURE ( PRICES4 ,TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 :I* *ANGES ALL VALUES1 OBVI\SLY *ANGES ALSO ! PRICES TO BE D$UC$ FROM VALUES2 A MATT] :I* 9 VIEW ( ! DECL9E ( PRICES :I* HAS ACCOMPANI$ ! :OLE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 IS H>DLY WOR? M5TION+4 ,! M>KET MAY EX]CISE A MODIFY+ 9FLU5CE ON ! DET]M9ATION ( PRICES1 BUT MORE DECISIVE TO ! M>KET RELATION IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES :I* 9 ! FIR/ PLACE =M$ ?IS M>KET AS ONE ( !IR MANY EXPRESSIONS4 ,AS A PRO( ( ! POSSIBILITY ( CAPITALI/ PLANN+1 WE >E (T5 REF]R$ TO ! CONTROL ( ECONOMY 9 C\NTRIES AT W>4 ,H[EV]1 ! MONOPOLI/ ECONOMY ( W> TIME WAS ONLY A MEANS TO CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION1 TO P]PETUAT+ PLANLESSNESS4 ,A MAN TAKES CA/] OIL 9 ORD] TO GET WELL1 BUT IT WILL NOT OCCUR TO HIM1 M]ELY BECAUSE HE CAN1 TO LIVE ON CA/] OIL EXCLUSIVELY4 ,YET SU* M5TAL D]ANGEM5T IS ACTUALLY ATTRIBUT$ TO CAPITALISM4 ,DUR+ ! W>1 ! NATIONAL ECONOMY WAS NOT SUBJECT$ TO ! MILIT>Y NECESSITIES1 BUT ! MILIT>Y NECESSITIES1 I4E4 ! NECESSITIES ( ! /RONGE/ CAPITALI/ GR\PS 9T]E/$ 9 ! W>1 SUBJECT$ ALL O!R GR\PS TO !MSELVES & =C$ !IR WILL UPON !M4 ,H]E ALSO ! TE*NICAL POSSIBILITY ( PLANN+ WAS NOT PROV$1 S9CE ?IS ECONOMIC DICTATOR%IP REMA9$ TI$ UP ) ! M>KET ME*ANISM4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 TODAY ALSO WE HE> COMPLA9TS ?AT ! ?+ :I* PASSES = A BEG9N+ AT PLANN$ ECONOMY IS 9 REALITY ONLY ! ECONOMIC DICTATOR%IP ( ! /RONG] AGA9/ ! WEAK] CAPITALI/ GR\PS2 ?AT ?R\< IT ! POOR BECOME POOR] & ! RI* RI*]4 ,V,I,I,I ,EV5 ?\< 9DIVIDUAL !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+ GO SO F> AS TO RAISE ! DEM& = A 0,WORLD ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL01 MO/ ( !IR !ORIES /OP %ORT ) AUT>*Y4 ,! NATIONAL ECONOMY IS TO BE MADE 9DEP5D5T ( ! MOVEM5TS ( ! WORLD M>KET4 ,= :ILE C5TRALIZATION ( ECONOMIC P[] )9 ! NATIONAL B\ND>IES IS HELD POSSIBLE1 !RE IS SOME D\BT ( ! MATT] AS APPLI$ ON A WORLD SCALE4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS1 H[EV]1 B\ND UP ) 9T]NATIONAL TRADE1 AS ( C\RSE ! :OLE CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T IS ID5TICAL ) ! CREATION ( ! WORLD M>KET4 ,FROM DIVISION ( LABOR )9 ! SEP>ATE NATIONS >OSE 9T]NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 & ! LATT] CAN NO MORE BE GOTT5 AWAY FROM ?AN ! FIR/4 ,IT MAY BE OBJECT$ H]E ?AT 9DIVIDUAL C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 >E CAPABLE ( A SELF-SUFFIC+ ECONOMY BY REASON ( !IR MANIFOLD NATURAL WEAL? & >E TO BE DI/+UI%$ FROM C\NTRIES LESS BLESS$4 ,ON ?IS ASSUMPTION1 AUT>*Y W\LD BE A SPECIAL1 NOT A G5]AL POSSIBILITY & 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD 9VOLVE ! DEA? ( C\NTRIES :I* >E NOT 9 A POSITION TO MAKE !MSELVES SELF-SUFFICI5T4 ,S9CE ?IS LATT] POSSIBILITY W\LD NOT1 H[EV]1 GREATLY DI/URB ! HUMANIT>IAN !ORETICIANS ( PLANN+1 WE ALSO >E WILL+ TO OV]LOOK ! MATT]1 & NEV]!LESS IT MU/ /ILL BE NOT$ ?AT ! V]Y POSSIBILITY ( AUT>*Y AT ! SAME TIME PRECLUDES IT AS AN ACTUALITY4 ,! V]Y DIV]SITY ( ! GEOGRAPHIC1 CLIMATIC & CULTURAL CONDITIONS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E AN OB/ACLE TO !IR UNIFI$ CO-ORD9ATION1 = ?IS DIV]SITY1 UND] CAPITALI/ RELATIONS1 IS NO?+ O!R ?AN A MULTIPLICITY ( MUTUALLY HO/ILE 9T]E/S :I* >E NOT V]Y DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ?OSE ( ! CONT95T ( ,EUROPE1 EV5 ?\< !IR =MS >E DIFF]5T4 ,H[EV] SMALL MAY BE ! P>T ( =EIGN TRADE 9 /ATI/ICS1 IT IS NEV]!LESS A QUE/ION ( LIFE & DEA? TO :OLE SOCIAL GR\PS4 ,H[EV] DECISIVE MAY BE ! DOME/IC M>KET 9 TIME ( ECONOMIC UPSW+1 :5 OV]-ACCUMULATION SETS 9 ! IMP]IALI/IC COMPULSION BECOMES ! DOM9ANT FACTOR1 = ! 9SUFFICI5T PR(IT AT HOME COMPELS TO ! CONQUE/ ( ADDITIONAL S\RCES ( PR(IT4 ,EV5 ?\< =EIGN TRADE IS NOT AT ! ROOT ( EI!R CRISES OR P]IODS ( PROSP]ITY1 !SE LATT] NEV]!LESS DEVELOP OR %R9K ! =EIGN M>KET4 ,NEI!R ?IS M>KET ITSELF1 H[EV]1 NOR ! R5\NCEM5T ( IT1 EXPLA9S ANY?+4 ,:ILE AS REG>DS 9DU/RY1 AUT>*Y IS IMPOSSIBLE EV5 9 0W> MANUFACTURE01 SO AS REG>DS AGRICULTURE1 AS ! BE/ EXP]TS BE> WITNESS1 IT IS QUITE \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,9 AGRICULTURE IT W\LD 9VOLVE /RUCTURAL TRANS=MATIONS :I* FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( PRODUCTIVITY W\LD NOT ONLY BE *AOS BUT :I*1 9 VIEW ( ! SOCIAL UPHEAVALS :I* !Y W\LD BR+ 9 !IR TRA91 >E NOT AT ALL LIKELY TO BE ATTEMPT$4 ,IT IS SPECIALIZATION & DIVISION ( LABOR :I* >E H]E DET]M9+1 & NOT ! WILL ( ! ECONOMIC PLANN]S4 ,BY WAY ( SUMM>Y1 LET US REPEAT3 ,! ?+ :I* LIKES TO PASS ITSELF (F AS PLANN$ ECONOMY IS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! MONOPOLI/IC =M ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE4 ,PLANN$ ECONOMY & CAPITALISM >E IRRECONCILABLE CONTRADICTIONS2 ! ONE EXCLUDES ! O!R4 ,IF AN ECONOMY IS PLANN$1 !N IT HAS ALSO CEAS$ TO BE A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,CAPITALISM & ,PLANN+ -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,CAPITALISM & ,PLANN+ -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/