,*APT] #ab 
,MAY #aicg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

,MAY #aicg 

  

,! MORN+ PAP]S ( #a ,MAY #aicg C>RI$ REPORTS ( A JO9T /ATEM5T ON ! 0ABNORMAL POSITION0 ( PUBLIC ORD] BY ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS & ! ,COMMUNI/ C\NCILOR = ,9T]NAL ,SECURITY1 ,AIGUADE4 ,! /ATEM5T /AT$ ?AT ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,C\NCIL C\LD NOT CONT9UE TO OP]ATE UND] ! 0PRESSURE1 DANG] & DISORD]0 IMPLI$ BY ! CONT9U$ EXI/5CE 9 SOME >EAS ( ,CATALONIA ( GR\PS :O 0ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE !MSELVES BY =CE & :O COMPROMISE ! REVOLUTION & ! W>04 ,! ,G5]ALIDAD WAS SUSP5D$ UNTIL ALL ! =CES 0NOT UND] ! DIRECT COMM& ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,C\NCIL0 W]E (F ! /REETS SO ?AT 0! ANXIETY & AL>M :I* IS 9 ,CATALONIA TODAY MAY PROMPTLY EVAPORATE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,C\NCIL HAS TAK5 ! NECESS>Y MEASURES TO 5SURE ?AT ITS ORD9ANCES >E /RICTLY OBEY$40.<#i#i.> 

,! 'NECESS>Y MEASURES' TAK5 BY ! ,G5]ALIDAD 9CLUD$ ! PROHIBITION ( ALL ,MAY ,DAY CELEBRATIONS ?R\<\T ! REVOLUTION>Y CAPITAL ( ,CATALONIA 9 ORD]1 !Y SAID1 0TO AVOID 9CID5TS04 ,! POLICE C>RI$ \T RAIDS & /REET SE>*ES 9 :I* NUM]\S ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S W]E DIS>M$ & TAK5 9TO CU/ODY4 ,CL>A ,?ALMANN1 A ,SWISS ,M>XI/ RECALLS ! ATMOSPH]E :5 SOME ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI PEOPLE %E WAS ) W]E >RE/$ DI/RIBUT+ LEAFLETS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL SUBURB ( ,SABADELL4 0,EV]YONE C\LD FEEL ?AT ! ATMOSPH]E WAS ELECTRIC & WAS WAIT+ = ! SP>K TO S5D UP ! P[D] KEG4 ,! %ORT-CIRCUIT SURPRIS$ US ) ITS SPE$4'.<#a.> 

,9 A PRESS CONF]5CE ! PREVI\S EV5+ ! C\NSELOR = ,9T]NAL ,SECURITY1 ,AIGUADE1 MADE ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3  
  

',AS REQUIR$1 IMPLEM5TATION ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,GOV]NM5T'S ORD9ANCES W5T AHEAD 9 ,B>CELONA1 ALSO4 ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ) ! EXCEPTION ( M9OR 9CID5TS1 :I* W]E OV]COME1 ! ORD] WAS EFFECTIVE4 ,9 CON=MITY ) MEASURES TAK51 ?IS ,C\NCILOR%IP WILL CONT9UE TO ACT APPROPRIATELY1 & ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! ORGANIZATION & UNIONS ( ! ANTIFASCI/ ,FRONT1 & ABOVE ALL ( ! PEOPLE ( ,CATALONIA1 WE %ALL MAKE POSSIBLE ! K9D ( RE>GU>D ?AT WILL C>RY US ON TO ! ULTIMATE VICTORY 9 ! W>4 ,& ,I AM PREP>$1 QUIETLY RESOLV$ BUT ALSO PREP>$ TO ACT ) ALL VIGOR TO SEE ?AT IT IS SO4' ,! C\NSELORS = ,9T]NAL ,SECURITY & ,DEF5SE BO? RECEIV$ A VOTE ( CONFID5CE FROM ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,C\NCIL 'SO ?AT JO9TLY1 EA* )9 HIS P>TICUL> JURISDICTION1 !Y MAY IMPLEM5T ! NECESS>Y MEASURES SO A F9D A SOLUTION TO ?OSE PROBLEMS :I* >E /ILL \T/&+4'.<#a#a.>  
  

,NEXT DAY1 ,SUNDAY1 #b ,MAY1 ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI GR\P CONV5$ AN URG5T MEET+ 9 ! ,GOYA ,!AT]1 ,B>CELONA1 TO 'HOI/ ! BANN]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 9 AFFIRMATION ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES' & TO W>N ( AN IMM95T ATTACK ON ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BY ,MONDAY #c ,MAY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION WAS READY = A MAJOR ALL-\T (F5SIVE4 ,LIKE H>B+]S ( ! GA!R+ /ORM ,BRITI% & ,FR5* W>%IPS OM9\SLY APPE>$ 9 ,B>CELONA H>BOR A FEW H\RS BE=E ! FIR/ TR\BLE ]UPT$4.<#a#b.> ,AIGUADE1 ) ! FULL BACK+ ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,C\NCIL AS WE HAVE SE51 ISSU$ ! ORD]S = ,P,S,U,C ,POLICE ,COMMISSION] ,RODRIGUEZ ,SALAS TO OCCUPY ! ,B>CELONA ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE :I* HAD BE5 LEGITIMATELY RUN UND] ! JO9T CONTROL ( ! ,C,N,T & ,U,G,T S9CE ,JULY #a#i4 ,CONTROL ( ! EX*ANGE HAD BE5 A BONE ( CONT5TION = SOME TIME4 ,! JU/IFICATION GIV5 = \/+ ! WORK]S WAS ! GOV]NM5T'S CLAIM ?AT IT WAS BE+ IMPROP]LY RUN & ?AT (FICIAL GOV]NM5T COMMUNICATIONS ) ! \TSIDE WORLD W]E BE+ MONITOR$ BY ! AN>*I/S1 BUT ?IS WAS CLE>LY A CONV5I5T EXCUSE = ! LONG AWAIT$ F9AL ASSAULT ON ! REVOLUTION4 

,?AT AFT]NOON ,PAVEL & ,CL>A ,?ALMANN W]E PASS+ ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE SITUAT$ AT ! CORN] ( ! ,RAMBLA DE LAS ,FLORES :5 !Y SAW A CR[D ( CONFUS$ & EMB>RASS$ LOOK+ ,CIVIL ,GU>DS /&+ \TSIDE ! BUILD+ SURR\ND$ BY AN ANGRY CR[D ( PASS]SBY4 ,AT #c P4M4 ?REE TRUCKLOADS ( ,CIVIL ,GU>DS HAD ATTEMPT$ TO 5T] ! BUILD+ BUT ! AN>*I/S WORK]S 9 ! ,EX*ANGE HAD REFUS$ !M 5TRY3  
  

',AT ! TOP ( ! MA9 /AIRCASE ONE C\LD SEE MILITIANS CALMLY /&+ ) AUTOMATIC RIFLES4 ,! CR[D WAS GR[+ QUICKLY & >M$ WORK]S W]E SURR\ND+ ! GU>DS & LOOK+ M5AC+4 ,IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT JU/ ONE %OT1 IF FIR$1 W\LD LEAD TO P&EMONIUM2 ?IS WAS ! SP>K EV]YONE HAD BE5 EXPECT+4 ,! ,F,A,I HEADQU>T]S WAS NE>BY 9 ! ,VIA ,LAYETANA SO ,I S5T ,CL>A !RE TO 9=M ! COMMITTEE & TO FET* 0UN RESPONSIBLE04'  
  

,BE=E ,CL>A ,?ALMANN RETURN$ ! FIR/ %OTS HAD BE5 FIR$4 ,! CR[DS HAD SCATT]$ & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS HAD TAK5 COV] 9 ! POR*4 ,)9 SECONDS ! /EEL %UTT]S HAD COME D[N ON ! W9D[S & DOORWAYS ( NE>BY %OPS & RE/AURANTS4 ,S&BAGS SUDD5LY APPE>$ 9 ! W9D[S ( ! NE>BY ,HOTEL ,COLON1 ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,P,S,U,C4 ,ACCORD+ TO EYEWITNESS ,PAVEL ,?ALMANN1 ! EX*ANGE ( GUNFIRE WAS P>TICUL>LY VIOL5T BETWE5 ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & ! ,EX*ANGE4 

,! ATTACK ON ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE WAS ONE ( A CONC]T$ S]IES ( SU* RAIDS ON CONF$]AL /RON<OLDS ?R\<\T ! CITY4 ,! ,SP>TACUS B>RACKS1 ) #e1 M51 WAS BE+ BOMB>D$ ) EXPLOSIVE %ELLS4 ,! B>RAGE WAS SUSPECT$ TO BE COM+ FROM ! NE>BY ,K>L ,M>X B>RACKS1 BUT ! COMMUNI/S !RE1 :5 TELEPHON$1 D5I$ ALL KN[L$GE ( ! S\RCE ( ! %ELLFIRE4 ,! ,MALATE/A ,H\SE1 BASE ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S & ! ,C,N,T ,FOOD ,UNION PREMISES WAS ALSO UND] ATTACK4 ,BUT ! ,G5]ALIDAD & ! ,P,S,U,C SOON DISCOV]$ ! EASY VICTORY !Y HAD HOP$ = WAS NOT TO BE4 ,AS ! NEWS ( ! ,/AL9I/ PROVOCATION SPREAD A G5]AL /RIKE BROKE \T SPONTANE\SLY4 ,TRAMS GR\ND TO A HALT 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! /REET & B>RICADES SPRANG UP LIKE MU%ROOMS ?R\<\T ! MA9 ?OR\<F>ES & AT ALL ! IMPORTANT JUNCTIONS ( ! CAPITAL4 ,ONLY ! W> 9DU/RIES REMA9$ WORK+4 ,! SPIRIT ( #ai ,JULY HAD BE5 REAWAK5$ & ! PEOPLE W]E 9 >MS ONCE AGA9 TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION4 

,?R\<\T ,CATALONIA ! ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES1 ) ! BACK+ ( ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 QUICKLY SEIZ$ P[] AGA94 ,>MY (FIC]S W]E MOBB$ 9 ! /REET & DIS>M$4 ,L\DSPEAK]S BROADCA/ NEWS & AN>*I/ SONGS4 ,BY NI<TFALL ?AT SAME DAY ! REVOLUTION>IES W]E AGA9 MA/]S ( MO/ ( ,CATALONIA ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! C5T] ( ,B>CELONA :]E ! /RATEGIC POSITIONS OCCUPI$ BY ! ,P,S,U,C & ,E/AT ,CATALA HEADQU>T]S1 ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & ,K>L ,M>X B>RACKS W]E ALL SURR\ND$ BY ! PEOPLE 9 >MS4 

,?AT NI<T ,CAMILLO ,B]N]I WROTE TO HIS DAU<T]1 ,M>IE ,L\ISE1 ) A CLE> S5SE ( =EBOD+3  
  

0,:AT EVIL ! COMMUNI/S >E DO+ H]E TOO6 ,IT IS ALMO/ #b O'CLOCK & ,I AM GO+ TO B$4 ,! H\SE IS ON ITS GU>D TONI<T4 ,I (F]$ TO /AY AWAKE TO LET ! O!RS GO TO SLEEP1 & EV]YONE LAU<$ SAY+ ?AT ,I W\LD NOT EV5 HE> ! CANNON6 ,BUT AFT]W>DS1 ONE BY ONE1 !Y FELL ASLEEP1 & ,I AM WAT*+ OV] ALL ( !M1 :ILE WORK+ = ?OSE :O >E TO COME4 ,IT IS ! ONLY COMPLETELY BEAUTIFUL ?+44404  

,TUESDAY1 #d ,MAY 

  

,SNIP+ CONT9U$ ?R\<\T ! E>LY H\RS ( ,TUESDAY #d ,MAY4 ,! B>RAGE ( EXPLOSIVE %ELLS CONT9U$ TO RA9 D[N ON ! AN>*I/ TROOPS CAU<T 9 ! ,SP>TACUS B>RACKS4 ,TWO ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S1 ,F]R>I & ,DE ,P]RETTI1 MANAG$ TO LEAVE ! BUILD+ BUT W]E /OPP$ & %OT DEAD BY ,P,S,U,C MEMB]S4 ,! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T REPORT$ ?AT ITS HEADQU>T]S 9 ! ,VIA ,LAYETANA 7R5AM$ ,VIA ,DURRUTI7 WAS 9 S]I\S JEOP>DY & REQUE/$ URG5T HELP4 ,) ! SUPPORT ( A NUMB] ( ,ITALIAN COMRADES1 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 N[ COMM&] ( ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN1 L$ F\R >MOR$ C>S ?R\< ! HEAVY FI<T+ TO RELIEVE ! BESIEG$ CONF$]AL BUILD+4 ,>TILL]Y UNITS ON ,MONTJUI* & ON ,TIBIDABO HAD !IR GUNS TRA9$ ON ! ,G5]ALIDAD BUILD+1 ! POLICE HEADQU>T]S1 ! ,K>L ,M>X ,B>RACKS & ! ,HOTEL ,COLON4 

,BE=E ! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE C\LD GIVE ! ORD] = ! F9AL ASSAULT ON !IR ATTACK]S AN>*I/ M9I/] ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y ,M>IANO ,R4 ,VAZQUEZ1 ACT+ ON BEHALF ( ! ,CABALL]O GOV]NM5T1 BROADCA/ AN APPEAL OV] ,RADIO ,C,N,T-,F,A,I = A CEASE-FIRE 9 ! NAME ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY4 ,?IS /ATEM5T FROM ! AN>*I/ 'NOTABLES' HAD A RE/RA9+ EFFECT ON MO/ ( ! RANK & FILE & ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE DECID$ TO HOLD BACK !IR PLANN$ C\NT]-ATTACK4  
  

',WE SP5T ?AT FIR/ NI<T BEH9D ! HUGE B>RICADE 9 ! ,RAMBLA DE LAS ,FLORES'1 RECALL$ ,PAVEL & ,CL>A ,?ALMANN1 'TRAD+ %OTS ) A GR\P ( CIVIL GU>DS ASSEMBL$ 9 ! ,MOKA ,CAFE4 ,:5 ! GUNFIRE CEAS$1 WE DISCUSS$ ! MEAN+ & ! OBJECT ( ! FI<T+ ) ! WORK]S4 ,!Y W]E PR\D ( ! SPONTANE\S ACTION & W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,/AL9I/S HAD LO/ \T 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,IF WE ASK$ !M 0,:AT >E Y\ GO+ TO DO NEXT8 ,:O'S GO+ TO TAKE P[]8 ,:AT WILL RELATIONS ) ! ,VAL5CIAN GOV]NM5T BE LIKE80 !Y W\LD CALMLY ANSW]1 SLAPP+ !IR RIFLE B>RELS 0,AS LONG AS WE HAVE ! WEAPONS & ! FACTORIES NEI!R ! ,/AL9I/S NOR ! ,FRANCOI/S %ALL PASS40'.<#a#c.>  
  

,TO EXPLA9 :AT WAS TAK+ PLACE ON ! /REETS ( ,B>CELONA ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,F,A,I & ,F,I,J,L1 TOGE!R ) ! ,B>CELONA LOCAL ,C,N,T-,F,A,I COMMITTEES ISSU$ ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3  
  

0,= MON?S PA/ A POISON\S ATMOSPH]E HAS HUNG OV] ,CATALONIA MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 CONFID5CE BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T SECTIONS ( ! ANTIFASCI/ FRONT4 ,AP>T FROM O!R PROBLEMS RELAT+ TO ! MATT] ( W> & REVOLUTION1 WE WI% TO CALL ! ATT5TION ( EV]YONE TO ! FACTS CONC]N+ ! ,CATALAN ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR4 ,9 ! E>LY PHASE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T ISSU$ A DECREE AU?ORIZ+ ! CREATION ( COMMITTEES )9 ! POLICE =CES :OSE DUTY IT WAS TO SUP]VISE ! POLICE & TO 5SURE ! ELIM9ATION ( ANY FASCI/ ELEM5TS ?AT REMA9$ )9 ! POLICE =CES4 ,:5 ! PRES5T ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ,AIGUADE1 TOOK (FICE1 HE REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE !SE COMMITTEES1 9 SPITE ( !IR LEGAL /&+4 ,:ILE EV]Y:]E ELSE FASCI/ ELEM5TS W]E BE+ EXCLUD$ FROM POLICE FUNCTIONS1 KN[N FASCI/S W]E ALL[$ TO REMA9 AT !IR PO/S 9 ! ,CATALAN POLICE BECAUSE ! ,M9I/]1 9 AGREEM5T ) C]TA9 POLICE *IEFS IS OPPOS$ TO ALL MODIFICATIONS4 ,DUE TO ?IS HI<-P[]$ PROTECTION1 #fb ,CIVIL ,GU>DS FROM ! ,G]ONA B>RACKS W]E ABLE TO FLEE1 ) EASE1 ACROSS ! BORD]1 :ILE #ca POLICEM5 9 ,B>CELONA FL$ ) IMPORTANT DOCUM5TS1 9CLUD+ PLANS ( ! COA/AL =TIFICATIONS4 ,& YET1 IT WAS KN[N = MON?S BE=E !IR ESCAPE ?AT !SE M5 W]E FASCI/S4 

0,AFT] ! ,C5TRAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D 9 ,MADRID WAS 9=M$ ?AT ANO!R GR\P ( #d M5 HAD ATTEMPT$ TO ESCAPE FROM ! ,AUSIAS ,M>* B>RACKS1 ! ,C\NCIL DEM&$ A LI/ ( ! ELEM5TS ) REACTION>Y SYMPA?IES /ILL 9 ! ,CATALAN ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 ,IT WAS ONLY ON #ac ,APRIL ?AT !SE ELEM5TS W]E EXCLUD$ BY A C5TRAL GOV]NM5T DECREE4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,CATALAN ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] PREV5T$ ?IS GOV]NM5T DECREE1 DIS*>G+ ! M51 BE+ PUT 9TO EFFECT1 & HE ALL[$ ! FASCI/S TO REMA9 AT !IR PO/S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE /IFF5$ HIS OPPOSITION TO ! COMMITTEES4 ,HE HAS ALSO DONE EV]Y?+ 9 HIS P[] TO DIS>M ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MEMB]S1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( O!R POLITICAL FACTIONS1 9 ORD] TO BREAK ! REVOLUTION>Y P[] ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 P[] ?AT IS ! BE/ GU>ANTEE = ! WORK+ PEOPLE :O >E NOT WI%FUL = ! RETURN ( ! REGIME ( EXPLOITATION & = /ATE OPPRESSION44404 ,! /ATEM5T CONCLUD$1 0,= ! RE/ORATION ( CONFID5CE 9 ! ANTIFASCI/ =CES6 ,= ! VICTORY OV] FASCISM6 ,AGA9/ ! SY/EMATIC PROVOCATEURS ,AIGUADE & ,RODRIGUEZ6 ,= ! PURG+ ( ! HI< PO/S ( ! POLICE =CE6 ,LONG LIVE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION60  
  

,COMPANYS1 %OCK$ AT ! POSSIBILITY ?AT HE MI<T BE CONFRONT$ ) ANO!R #ai ,JULY1 WAS DESP]ATE TO PUT D[N ! REVOLT & CALL$ UPON ! ,U,G,T COLUMNS AT ! FRONT TO COME TO HIS ASSI/ANCE4 ,9 SO DO+ HE WAS PREP>$ TO LEAVE A #e-KILOMET] GAP 9 ! ,>AGON FRONT4 ,?AT SAME DAY #b1 \T ( A TOTAL =CE ( #g1#e M5 ( ! #b#g? 7,K>L ,M>X7 ,DIVISION UND] ! COMM& ( ,DEL ,B>RIO LEFT ! FRONT AT ,T>DI5TA = ! ,VOROS*IL(F B>RACKS 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,9=M$ ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 ,MAXIMO ,FRANCO1 COMM&] ( ! CONF$]AL ,ROJO Y ,NEGRO COLUMN ( ! #b#h? 7,ASCASO7 ,DIVISION1 & MILITIAM5 FROM ! ,P,\,M'S #b#i? 7,L597 ,DIVISION -- SOME #a1#e-#b1 M5 9 ALL -- ALSO LEFT ! ,HUESCA FRONT1 TO COME TO ! AID ( !IR COMRADES 9 ,B>CELONA4 

,W$NESDAY1 #e ,MAY 

  

,BY ! MORN+ ( ?IRD DAY FI<T+ HAD EAS$ SLI<TLY & AN AIR ( NORMALITY APPE>$ TO RETURN TO ! CITY4 ,>\ND #aa A4M41 H[EV]1 VIOL5T CLA%ES BROKE \T AGA9 9 ! CITY C5T] >\ND ,P,S,U,C PREMISES & ! ,G5]ALIDAD BUILD+4 ,! ,P,\,M PR9T %OP WAS SEIZ$ & ,GU>DIA ,CIVIL TROOPS OCCUPI$ ! ,FRANCIA RAILWAY /ATION4 ,! ,C,N,T HEADQU>T]S CAME UND] R5EW$ ATTACK & !Y ISSU$ AN APPEAL = A FUR!R ?REE >MOR$ C>S TO COME TO !IR ASSI/ANCE4 ,! LOCALS ( ! ,C,N,T ,HEAL? ,SYNDICATE1 ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? 7,F,I,J,L71 ! TELEPHONE EX*ANGES & ,C,N,T LOCALS 9 ,T>RAGONA & ,TORTOSA ALSO CAME UND] ATTACK4 ,AT #a P4M4 ,U,G,T ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y & ,M9I/] ,ANTONIO ,SESE WAS %OT DEAD \TSIDE ! (FICES ( ! ,C,N,T ,PUBLIC ,5T]TA9M5TS ,SYNDICATE4 ,G]MAN AN>*I/ ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y'S ACC\NT ( ,SESE'S DEA? /ATES ?AT HE WAS NOT KILL$ BY ,C,N,T M5 & ?AT '! %OT CAME FROM ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA1 FROM A B>RICADE HELD BY HIS [N P>TY COLLEAGUES'4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,ROJO Y ,NEGRA COLUMN1 L$ BY ,MAXIMO ,FRANCO -- :I* HAD LEFT ! FRONT TO COME TO ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! ,B>CELONA WORK]S -- WAS HALT$ AT ,B9EF> BY ,JUAN ,MOL9A1 A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD'S ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,PEIRATS & ,SANTILLAN1 ,MOL9A WAS ACT+ 9 HIS CAPACITY AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,NOT ALL ! M5 W]E /OPP$4 ,SOME PRESS$ ON TO ,L]IDA :]E !Y W]E HALT$ BY ! ?REAT ( AN AIR/RIKE AGA9/ !M4 ,UMB]TO ,M>ZOC*I1 A VOLUNTE] ) ! ,ITALIAN SECTION ( ! ,ASCASO ,COLUMN1 CLAIMS ?AT ! NUMB] :O REA*$ ,L]IDA WAS #d1 & IT WAS ' 444 ! 9T]V5TION ( ,C,N,T G5]ALS ,JOV] & ,VIVANCOS & ! ?REAT ?AT WE W\LD BE L9$ UP AGA9/ ! WALL IF WE P]SI/$ 9 DISREG>D+ ! PLEA = PEACE :I* ! ,C,N,T'S ,JU/ICE ,M9I/]1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 HAD BROADCA/ OV] ! RADIO1 :I* L$ ! ,SPANI% COMRADES TO DESI/ 9 !IR PLANS40.<#a#d.> ,! ,C>OD ,COLUMN ( ! #b#e? 7,JUB]T7 ,DIVISION ALSO GOT AS F> AS ,VALD]ROBES BE=E !Y TOO W]E /OPP$1 ?IS TIME BY ,JOAQU9 ,ASCASO1 ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON4 

,A ,FR5* AN>*I/ P>TICIPANT 9 ! ',MAY EV5TS' HAS /AT$ ?AT ! E>LY MORN+ ( #e ,MAY WAS ALSO FAIRLY CALM 9 ! B>RIO ( ,HO/AFRAN*S1 NE> ,SANS4 ,TR\BLE ]UPT$ :5 A UNIT ( >\ND #c ,GU>DIA ,CIVIL ATTEMPT$ TO 5T] ! ,CALLE DE ,L]IDAN4 ,%OOT+ BROKE \T BE=E !Y HAD REA*$ HALFWAY & !Y W]E QUICKLY =C$ TO SURR5D]3  
  

',! Y\NG ,GU>DIAS :O SURR5D]$ W]E /RIPP$ ( !IR UNI=MS & W]E TAK5 AS PRISON]S TO ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE B>RACKS444 ,! LA/ GR\P ( ,GU>DIAS :O HAD OCCUPI$ ,POBLE ,SEC SURR5D]$ ON #e ,MAY AT #a#a4 A4M4 ,AT #b4 P4M41 ! ,GU>DIAS REMA9+ 9 ! B>RACKS1 #hd 9 ALL1 SURR5D]$4 ,!IR WEAPONS W]E %>$ \T AMONG ! SPECIFIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ! TWO B>RIOS4'.<#a#e.>  
  

,! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE 9 ! MEANTIME WAS R5EW+ ITS PREP>ATIONS = AN ASSAULT ON ! ,K>L ,M>X B>RACKS4 ,! CONT9U$ %ELL+ HAD CO/ ! LIVES ( A NUMB] ( M5 9 ! ,SP>TACUS B>RACKS4 ,! ATTACK WAS S*$UL$ = #i P4M4 ,>TILL]Y PIECES1 ON ! ,TIBIDABO & ,MONTJUI* W]E READY TO LAY D[N A B>RAGE ( #e %ELLS IF NECESS>Y4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS PREP>$1 ) ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BATTALION ( ! ,ASCASO ,COLUMN 9 ! VAN4 ,! ATTACK WAS TO BE L$ BY ,CEVA1 ! COMM&] ( ! ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD BATTALION ) #d1 M5 AT HIS DISPOSAL4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,AIGUADE1 FAC$ ) AN UNEXPECT$ & POT5TIALLY DISA/R\S DEFEAT AT ! H&S ( ! WORK]S1 9SI/$ ?AT ,COMPANYS CALL 9 RE9=CEM5TS FROM ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,CONSCI\S ?AT ASK+ = \TSIDE HELP W\LD MEAN ABDICAT+ P[] TO ! ,VAL5CIA GOV]NM5T1 ,COMPANYS RESI/$ SU* A MOVE4 

,CABALL]O1 = HIS P>T1 REACT$ BY SUMMON+ ! AN>*I/ M9I/]S TO 9SI/ ON A CEASE-FIRE4 ,HE 9=M$ !M ?AT UNLESS REPRES5TATIVES FROM ! ,C,N,T & ,U,G,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEES FLEW TO ,B>CELONA TO CONV9CE ! WORK]S TO LAY D[N !IR >MS HE W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO S5D 9 TROOPS4 ,HE ALSO PO9T$ \T ?AT IT W\LD MEAN PLAC+ ?OSE TROOPS AT ! DISPOSITION ( ,AIGUADE1 ! V]Y P]SON RESPONSIBLE = ! PROVOCATION 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,9 RETURN HE W\LD >RANGE = ! )DRAWAL ( ! ,P,S,U,C C\NSELORS ON ! ,G5]ALIDAD & LEAVE ! QUE/ION ( CONTROL ( ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE OP5 = FUTURE DISCUSSION4 

,?AT EV5+ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 :O HAD MADE !IR HEADQU>T]S 9 ! ,G5]ALIDAD BUILD+1 BROADCA/ AN APPEAL 9 ! NAME ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY URG+ ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS TO LAY D[N !IR >MS4 ,) GREAT RELUCTANCE & FRU/RATION ! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE CALL$ (F ! ATTACK ON ! ,K>L ,M>X B>RACKS4 ,CL>A & ,PAVEL ,?ALMANN DESCRIBE ! DRAMATIC EFFECT ?AT BROADCA/ HAD ON ! MILITANTS ON ! B>RICADES3 0,9 :9+1 MOV+ TONES !Y BES\<T ! WORK]S TO 5D ! FRATRICIDAL /RUGGLE1 TO RESUME WORK1 = ABOVE ALL ! W> AGA9/ ,FRANCO NE$$ W9N+444 ,SOME ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]S AT FIR/ REFUS$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ?IS WAS !IR LEAD]S SPEAK+1 BUT :5 OBLIG$ TO BELIEVE ?AT :AT !Y W]E HE>+ WAS TRUE1 !IR DISAPPO9TM5T & RAGE KNEW NO LIMITS4 ,\T ( FURY1 %AME & DEFIANCE MANY ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MEMB]S TORE UP !IR MEMB]%IP C>DS1 TOSS+ !M 9TO ! FIRES BEH9D ! B>RICADES :]E !IR S\P WAS /ILL SIMM]+4 ,!Y QUIT !IR POSITIONS BY ! HUNDR$S1 C>RY+ !IR GUNS AWAY TO A PLACE ( SAFETY4 ,FEEL+S RAN SO HI< ?AT ,MONTS5Y & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] C\LD ONLY V5TURE \T TO ! REGIONAL COMMITTEES OR ASSEMBLIES ( ! SYNDICATES ) AN >M$ ESCORT4.<#a#f.> ,?IS SPONTANE\S1 VIOL5T REVOLT1 LEAD]LESS & )\T COMM&1 & BAS$ MORE UPON A DEF5SIVE 9/9CT ?AN UPON ANY REAL COMBATIVE AGGRESSIV5ESS1 CAME TO AN ABRUPT 5D4 ,! 5D WAS IMM95T4'.<#a#g.> ,! ,P,\,M LEAD]%IP ALSO ORD]$ ITS MEMB]S TO LAY D[N !IR >MS & RETURN TO WORK4 

,! COMMUNI/ EV5+ NEWSPAP]1 ,FR5TE ,ROJO1 LEAP$ TO CAPITALIZE ON ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION3  
  

0,= A LONG TIME WE US$ TO ATTRIBUTE ANY?+ ?AT OCCURR$ TO GANGS EUPHEMI/ICALLY CALL$ 'UNCONTROLLABLES'4 ,N[ WE SEE !Y >E P]FECTLY CONTROLL$444BUT BY ! 5EMY4 ,?IS CANNOT BE TOL]AT$ ANY LONG] 444 ,ALL ?OSE :O ATTEMPT1 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 ) SOME AIM OR ANO!R1 TO DI/URB .<ORD].> OR BREAK .<DISCIPL9E.> %\LD IMM$IATELY FEEL ! RU?LESS WEI<T ( POPUL> AU?ORITY1 REPRESSION BY ! GOV]NM5T1 & POSITIVE ACTION BY ! POPUL> MASSES40  
  

',POSITIVE ACTION' WAS QUICK 9 COM+4 ,AT AB\T #e O'CLOCK ?AT AFT]NOON4 ,CAMILLO ,B]N]I'S FLAT AT ,NO4 #b ,PLAZA DEL ,ANGEL1 WAS RAID$ BY AB\T A DOZ5 M51 HALF ( :OM W]E APP>5TLY POLICE (FIC]S & ! REMA9D] ,P,S,U,C MEMB]S WE>+ R$ >MB&S4 ,! (FIC] 9 *>GE WAS A PLA9-CLO!S POLICE (FIC] FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT ID5TIFIABLE ONLY BY HIS BADGE NUMB]1 #a#a#i4 ,B]N]I & ,FRANCESCO ,B>BI]I1 HIS CLOSE FRI5D & COMRADE1 W]E >RE/$ & *>G$ ) 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES' & TAK5 AWAY4 ,!IR BODIES W]E RECOV]$ ! FOLL[+ DAY1 ONE 9 ! ,RAMBLAS & ! O!R 9 ! ,PLAZA DE LA ,G5]ALIDAD4.<#a#h.> ,DOM+O ,ASCASO & ,FRANCISCO ,M>T9EZ ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ALSO DI$ AS DID TWELVE MILITANTS FROM ! ,SAN ,&RES DI/RICT :O DISAPPE>$1 ONLY TO TURN UP AS MUTILAT$ CORPSES 9 ! CEMET]Y AT ,S>DANOLA4 

,?URSDAY #f ,MAY 

  

,! S5SE ( BETRAYAL & DISGU/ FELT BY ! PEOPLE ON ! B>RICADES AT ! APPEAL BY ! 'NOTABLES' TO LAY D[N !IR >MS & RETURN TO WORK L$ MANY TO AB&ON !IR POSITION & RETURN HOME4 

,A =CE ( #e1 ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS W]E RU%$ FROM ,VAL5CIA TO ASSI/ ! ,G5]ALIDAD RE/ORE ORD]4 ,AN>*I/ C5T]S 9 ,REUS & ,T>RAGONA W]E ATTACK$ & DE/ROY$4 ,?AT EV5+ COMMUNI/S & ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS LAUN*$ AN ATTACK ON ! ,SP>TACUS B>RACKS1 BUT W]E REPELL$ BY ! AN>*I/S4 ,B>RICADES W]E AGA9 ?R[N UP TO RESI/ ! R5EW$ ATTACKS ON CONF$]AL C5T]S ?R\<\T ! CITY4 

,= ITS P>T1 ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I D5\NC$ ! 'UNCONTROLLABLE' ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 9 ! COLUMNS ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A3  
  

0,WE >E TAK5 ABACK BY SOME LEAFLETS CIRCULAT+ 9 ! CITY & 5DORS$ BY AN 5TITY CALL$ ',! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI'4 ,ITS CONT5TS >E UTT]LY 9TOL]ABLE & CONTR>Y TO ! DECISION MADE BY ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T2 ?IS OBLIGES US TO DIS[N IT 9 FULL & 9 PUBLIC444 ,WE ( ! REGIONAL COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I >E NOT DISPOS$ TO LET ANYONE SPECULATE ) \R ORGANIZATIONS1 NOR MAY ANYONE FLIRT ) DUBI\S ATTITUDES OR MAYBE ! 9TRIGUES ( \TRI<T AG5TS PROVOCATEURS444,! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL HAV+ BE5 =M$1 EV]YONE MU/ ACCEPT ITS DECISIONS = WE >E ALL REPRES5T$ 9 IT4 ,GET ! GUNS (F ! /REETS4440  
  

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI RESPOND$ IMM$IATELY ) ANO!R MANIFE/O NAM+ ! PROVOCATEURS AS ! ,P,S,U,C1 ,E/AT ,CATALA1 ! ,ESQU]RA & ! ,G5]ALIDAD-CONTROLL$ SECURITY =CES3  
  

'444 IT IS 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT ! ,C,N,T'S COMMITTEES %\LD HAVE ACT$ SO CRAV5LY AS TO ORD] A CEASE FIRE & 9DE$ HAVE IMPOS$ A RETURN TO WORK JU/ :5 WE W]E ON ! V]Y BR9K ( TOTAL VICTORY444 ,SU* CONDUCT MU/ BE DESCRIB$ AS A BETRAYAL ( ! REVOLUTION 444 ,WE CANNOT F9D WORDS TO DESCRIBE ! H>M DONE BY ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A & ! MO/ \T/&+ MILITANTS ( ! ,C,N,T444 ,! CESSATION ( FI<T+ DOESN'T PRESUPPOSE DEFEAT4 ,?\< WE MAY NOT HAVE A*IEV$ \R OBJECTIVES WE HAVE 9CREAS$ \R WEAPONRY444 ,LET US BE ON ! AL]T = COM+ EV5TS444 ,LET US NOT BE DELUD$ BY ! ALLEG$ ?REAT ( AN ATTACK FROM ! %IPS ( ! ,5GLI% FLEET444 ,LET US NOT AB&ON ! /REETS444 '4  

,FRIDAY #g ,MAY 

  

,ON #g ,MAY ! ,C,N,T'S CEASE-FIRE ORD] WAS REPEAT$1 ?IS TIME ) GREAT] EMPHASIS4 ,! COMM&] ( ! ,SP>TACUS B>RACKS1 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 SOME:AT REASSUR$ BY ! >RIVAL ( AN EXP$ITION>Y =CE FROM ,VAL5CIA COMM&$ BY ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL ,EMILIO ,PORRES1 =M] COMM&] ( ! CONF$]AL ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD ,COLUMN1 GAVE ! ORD] TO )DRAW4 ,9 SPITE ( A FEW M9OR SKIRMI%ES ! AN>*I/S HAD AB&ON$ ALL !IR POSITIONS BY ! FOLL[+ MORN+4 ,SAPP$ ( !IR FI<T+ SPIRIT BY ! CONT9U$ EXHORTATIONS ( ! ,NATIONAL & ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES DISILLUSIONM5T WAS WIDESPREAD4 ,! TRAGIC & BLOODY ',MAY ,DAYS' W]E OV]4 ,! NATIONAL LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 SUBV]T$ BY P[] & ABLY MANIPULAT$ BY ! ,/AL9I/S & !IR B\RGEOIS ALLIES1 HAD DELIV]$ ! C\P DE GRACE TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,ALL ?AT REMA9$ TO !M N[ WAS TO MOP UP4 ,! ,?ALMANN'S TAKE UP ! /ORY3  
  

',! FI<T+ HAD 5D$1 ! B>RICADES W]E COM+ D[N &1 OH MIRACLE61 ! TRAMS W]E RUNN+ AGA94 ,ON ! BROAD TREE-L9$ ,RAMBLA1 GR\PS ( PEOPLE W]E EXCIT$LY >GU+4 ,\TSIDE ! ,HOTEL ,FALCON1 ,KURT ,L&AU1 ,MAX ,DIAMANT1 & ,WILLY ,BR&T W]E >GU+ AB\T ! MEAN+ ( EV5TS4 ,SOME CLAIM$ ?AT ! /RUGGLE HAD TAK5 ON NEW REVOLUTION>Y FEATURES BUT O!RS1 MORE SKEPTICAL1 BELIEV$ ! OPPOSITE1 AS 9DE$ DID WE \RSELVES4 ,WE W]E CONV9C$ ?AT A WAVE ( REPRESSION W\LD SOON FOLL[4 ,EV5 AS WE SPOKE ! NOISE ( M>*+ GOV]NM5T TROOPS C\LD BE HE>D FROM AF>3 9 P]FECT ORD]1 ) NEW UNI=MS & IMPECCABLY >M$1 !Y CAME D[N ! MA9 /REET & M>*$ PURPOSEFULLY T[>DS US4 ,! GR\PS HA/ILY DISP]S$444 ' .<#a#i.>  
  

,GEORGE ,ORWELL WAS ANO!R EYEWITNESS3  
  

',IT MU/ HAVE BE5 LATE ?AT EV5+ ?AT ! TROOPS FROM ,VAL5CIA FIR/ APPE>$ 9 ! /REETS4 ,!Y W]E ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,QUITE SUDD5LY !Y SEEM$ TO SPR+ UP \T ( ! GR\ND2 Y\ SAW !M EV]Y:]E PATROLL+ ! /REETS 9 GR\PS ( T5 -- TALL M5 9 GRAY OR BLUE UNI=MS ) LONG RIFLES SLUNG OV] !IR %\LD]S1 & A SUBMA*9E GUN TO EA* GR\P444 

',!RE WAS NO D\BT ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS SIMPLY MAK+ A DISPLAY ( =CE 9 ORD] TO OV]AWE A POPULATION :I* IT ALREADY KNEW W\LD NOT RESI/2 IF !RE HAD BE5 ANY REAL FE> ( FUR!R \TBREAKS ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS W\LD HAVE BE5 KEPT 9 B>RACKS & NOT SCATT]$ ?R\< ! /REETS 9 SMALL B&S4 ,!Y W]E SPL5DID TROOPS1 MU* ! BE/ ,I HAD SE5 9 ,SPA91 &1 ?\< ,I SUPPOSE 9 A S5SE !Y W]E '! 5EMY'1 ,I C\LD NOT HELP LIK+ ! LOOK ( !M4 ,BUT IT WAS ) A SORT ( AMAZEM5T ?AT ,I WAT*$ !M /ROLL+ TO & FRO4 ,I WAS US$ TO ! RAGG$1 SC>CELY >M$ MILITIA ON ! ,>AGON FRONT1 & ,I HAD NOT KN[N ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC POSSESS$ TROOPS LIKE !SE4 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY ?AT !Y W]E PICK$ M5 PHYSICALLY1 IT WAS !IR WEAPONS ?AT MO/ A/ONI%$ ME4 ,ALL ( !M W]E >M$ ) BR&-NEW RIFLES ( ! TYPE KN[N AS '! ,RUSSIAN RIFLE' 7!SE RIFLES W]E S5T TO ,SPA9 BY ! ,U,S,S,R1 BUT W]E1 ,I BELIEVE1 MANUFACTUR$ 9 ,AM]ICA74'  
  

,! BLOODY ',MAY EV5TS' M>K$ ! 5D ( ! GREAT SOCIAL EXP]IM5T BEG9 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 ,!Y ALSO M>K$ ! TURN+ PO9T ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> ITSELF4 ,! ,P,S,U,C & !IR ,SOVIET ADVIS]S HAD BADLY MISJUDG$ ! SITUATION 9 ,CATALONIA 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO TIP ! POLITICAL BALANCE 9 ,CATALONIA 9 !IR FAVOR4 ,! FRAGILE BUT FAIRLY CORDIAL ?READ ( UNITY HI!RTO EXI/+ BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/S & ! ,C,N,T AT NATIONAL LEVEL WAS BROK54 ,FROM N[ ON UNITY WAS TO BE NO?+ MORE ?AN A MEAN+LESS PROPAG&A MOTIF1 A PLOY 9 P>TISAN PROSELYTISM4 ,! COMMON GR\ND1 :I* HAD HELD ! ,REPUBLICAN =CES TOGE!R1 WAS FA/ DISAPPE>+4 

,ANXI\S TO RECUP]ATE :AT HE C\LD FROM ! SITUATION1 ,/AL9 IMM$IATELY SELECT$ ! ,P,\,M AS ! SCAPEGOATS = ! ',MAY ,DAYS'4 ,PRAVDA ( #i ,MAY ANN\NC$3  
  

' 444 ! PROVOCATEUR'S ROLE PLAY$ BY ! ,TROTSKYI/-FASCI/ ,P,\,M GANG 9 ! LATE/ 9CID5TS1 ACT+ ?R\< %AD[Y CONTACTS ) GR\PS ( AN>*I/ OAFS1 A GOODLY NUMB] ( ,FRANCO'S >M$ AG5TS AMONG !IR NUMB]1 /&S CLE>LY EXPOS$4'  
  

,! ,P,S,U,C PAP]1 ,TREBALL WAS MORE CIRCUMSPECT3  
  

' 444 ,! PR9CIPAL ROLE 9 ! 0PUTS*0 WAS PLAY$ BY ! UNCONTROLLABLES1 MANIPULAT$ BY ! FASCI/S & ! ,TROTSKYI/S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !IR EVIL S*EMES FELL ON SOIL MADE F]TILE BY A C]TA9 L9E ( ACTION :I*1 BY GIV+ ! 9T]E/S ( A SO-CALL$ 0REVOLUTION0 7:I* HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) AU!NTIC REVOLUTION71 PRIORITY OV] ! 9T]E/S ( ! W>1 ALL[$ ! EVIL TO GR[ ) EA* DAY ?AT PASS$1 GR[+ GREAT] & MORE CONTAGI\S4'.<#a#a.>  
  

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ! AN>*I/ PUBLICI/ REPRES5T+ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,COMMITTEE 9 ,LONDON1 LIKE MANY AN>*I/S \TSIDE ,SPA91 WAS %OCK$ BY ! DE$S & WORDS ( ! ,C,N,T 'NOTABLES' DUR+ ! ',MAY ,EV5TS'4 ,%E VOIC$ H] FEEL+S 9 A FAIRLY MUT$ CRITICISM ( ! LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ,SPA9 & ! ,WORLD 7#e4#b4#c#g74 ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 AN>*I/ HI/ORIOGRAPH]1 WROTE ANGRILY1 REBUK+ H] = D>+ TO MAKE PUBLIC H] CRITICISM ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 AN UNPUBLI%$ LETT] TO ,NETTLAU DAT$ #i ,MAY %E UNBURD5$ H]SELF ( LONG H>BOR$ D\BTS AB\T :AT %E SAW HAPP5+ 9 ,SPA94.<#a#a#a.> 

,ISSUE ,NO4 #ae ( ,GU]RA DI ,CLASSE1 ,B]N]I'S PAP]1 ALSO APPE>$ ON #i ,MAY ) ITS ANALYSIS ( EV5TS3  
  

0,HAV+ 9TUITIVELY1 9/9CTIVELY1 REALIZ$ :AT IT W\LD HAVE MEANT TO HAVE ALL[$ ! PROVOCATION & ATTEMPT AT OCCUPATION BY ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS ( ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE TO HAVE GONE BY ! WAY1 ! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT HAS REBELL$ 444 )\T BO!R+ OV]MU* AB\T :E!R ?OSE 9 LEAD]%IP POSITIONS 9 ITS [N ORGANIZATIONS APPROV$ OR DISAPPROV$ ITS *OICE4 

',ONCE MORE1 & AS EV]1 IT HAS BE5 PROV5 ?AT EV]Y?+ :I* IS LIV+1 EV]Y?+ :I* IS ( EFFECT 9 A SOCIAL UPHEAVAL CAN ONLY BE ! SPONTANE\S1 9/9CTIVE EXPRESSION :I* PROCE$S FROM ! GRASSROOTS4 

'.<,!Y.> F\<T WELL & W\LD HAVE TAK5 OV] ,B>CELONA 9 ! FIR/ #bd H\RS444 HAD ITS MAGNIFIC5T1 H]OIC1 IRRESI/IBLE ?RU/ NOT BE5 BR\<T TO A HALT BY ! REPEAT$ ORD]S ( ! LEAD]%IP GR\PS444'  
  

,ON #ac ,MAY ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR ISSU$ A DECREE DIS>M+ ALL 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS NOT =M+ P>T ( ! =CES ( ! /ATE4 ,?OSE :O RETA9$ !IR WEAPONS W\LD BE *>G$ ) TREASON & REBELLION4 ,! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS W]E DISSOLV$4 ,COMMUNI/ M9I/]S ,JESUS ,H]N&EZ & ,VIC5TE ,URIBE DEM&$ ?AT ! ,P,\,M1 ! *OS5 SCAPEGOATS = ! ',MAY ,DAYS'1 BE \TLAW$ & ITS LEAD]S >RE/$4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 :O HAD BE5 US+ ! ,P,\,M AS A C\NT]WEI<T TO ,C,P 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,CAB9ET1 REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ?AT IT WAS A FASCI/ ORGANIZATION & DECL>$ ?AT ONLY ! C\RTS HAD ! P[] TO AU?ORIZE SU* EXTREME MEASURES4 ,ON #ae ,MAY ! COMMUNI/ M9I/]S PROVOK$ A CRISIS BY WALK+ \T ( ! ,CAB9ET1 FOLL[$ BY RI<T W+ SOCIALI/S ,PRIETO1 ,DEL ,VAYO1 ,GIRAL & ,DR4 ,JUAN ,NEGR94 ,! AN>*I/ M9I/]S REMA9$ BEH9D4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O HAD BE5 NEUTRALIZ$4 

,9 A LETT] TO ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] DAT$ #ad ,MAY1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN AGA9 EXPRESS$ H] DESPAIR AT ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 ,SPA93  
  

0444! PACT ) ,RUSSIA1 9 RETURN = A FEW PIECES ( >MS1 HAS BR\<T ITS DISA/R\S RESULTS4 ,IT HAS BROK5 ! BACKBONE ( ,MONTS5Y & ,OLIV] & HAS TURN$ !M 9TO WILL+ TOOLS ( ,CABALL]O 444 !Y HAVE CALL$ A RETREAT & HAVE D5\NC$ ! MILITANT AN>*I/S TO :OM ! REVOLUTION /ILL MEANS SOME?+444 IT IS A REPETITION ( ,RUSSIA ) ! ID5TICAL ME?ODS US$ BY ,L59 AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S & ! ,S,RS :O REFUS$ TO B>T] ! REVOLUTION = ! ,BRE/ ,LITOVSK ,PEACE 444 ,I HAVE TRI$ & TRI$ TO EXPLA9 & DEF5D ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S = 5T]+ M9I/RIES444 AL?\< 444 ,I SAW :AT ! DIRE CONSEQU5CES WILL BE4 ,I HAD HOP$ AGA9/ HOPE ?AT ! EXT]M9ATION ( \R COMRADES & ! EMASCULATION ( ! REVOLUTION W\LD NOT COME SO SOON4 ,?AT !Y W\LD HOLD BE HELD BACK UNTIL ,FRANCO'S HORDES W]E DRIV5 FROM ! L& 444 ! HOPE :I* HAS GIV5 ME /R5G? TO C>RY ON ! WORK H]E 444 ,BUT ! DEA? ( ,B]N]I & ALL ! O!R COMRADES1 & ! C[>DLY /& ( ,MONTS5Y & ,OLIV] & ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ME TO GO ON AS ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I444 ,I AM MORE ?AN EV] DET]M9$ TO RETURN TO ,SPA9 & CONFRONT ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I = !IR EXPLANATION ( ! WOR/ BETRAYAL ( ! REVOLUTION S9CE ,RUSSIA4 ,IB ,I FAIL TO GET ?AT ,I %ALL C]TA9LY GIVE UP MY M&ATE & RETIRE FROM1 ! FIELD ( ACTION4 ,BETT] SIL5CE ?AN BE A P>TY TO ! SL[ BLE$+ TO DEA? ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION4 

,( C\RSE ,I MAY F9D ?AT ! RANK & FILE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HAVE RETA9$ !IR REVOLUTION>Y ZEAL & F]VOR4 ,I WILL WORK = !M1 BUT 9 NO (FICIAL CAPACITY4 ,MEAN:ILE ,I AM TOO GRIEV$ & TOO %AK5 OV] ,B]N]I'S DEA? 444 ON ! DAY ( ! DISGRACEFUL DEMON/RATION ) ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ! DAY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,I CALL$ A MEET+ 9 MY ROOM4 ,B]N]I WAS PRES5T"9 ,HE BR\<T ME A /ATEM5T PO9T+ \T ! BLUND]S ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ,I /ILL HAVE IT4 ,BUT EV5 HE WAS AGA9/ ANY PUBLIC /& AGA9/ ! LEAD]S 9 \R RANKS444 

,I CANNOT WRITE ANY MORE 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'  
  

,! FIR/ ISSUE ( ! ,FRI5DS ,( ,DURRUTI PAP]1 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO APPE>$ ON #b ,MAY ) A MAJOR PUBLIC ATTACK ON ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP1 ! FIR/ ( ITS K9D TO APPE> 9 ! COLUMNS ( AN AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]4 ,9 IT !Y ALSO EXPLA9$ !IR ANALYSIS ( ! ,MAY ,EV5TS3  
  

',ON MANY OCCASIONS1 \R GR\P HAS PO9T$ \T ! 9NUM]ABLE ]RORS COMMITT$ BY ! RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,WE HAVE LIKEWISE /AT$ PUBLICLY ?AT !IR DISA/R\S RECORD OV] N9E CONSECUTIVE MON?S HAS FRITT]$ AWAY ! ESS5CE ( ! ,JULY REVOLUTION444 .<,HAV+ BE5 D5I$ ACCESS TO ,C,N,T PRESS ORGANS EV5 ?\< !Y W]E ,C,N,T MILITANTS.>4 ,WE HAD NO OPTION BUT TO BR+ \T A PAP] :I* W\LD PUT US 9 T\* ) ! WORK]S ( ! CITY & C\NTRYSIDE444 ,! TITLE WE HAVE SELECT$ IS A SYMBOLIC ONE4 ,L',AMI DU ,PEUPLE WAS ! M\?PIECE ( ,M>AT4 ,WE HAVE EXHUM$ ! TITLE C>RI$ BY A NEWS %EET :I* AT ! 5D ( ! #a#h? C5TURY CRY/ALLIZ$ ! REBEL SPIRIT ( ?AT 9DOMITABLE FIGURE :OSE GIANT /ATURE ! PASSAGE ( TIME HAS NOT ]AS$444 

',! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION HAS NOT YET GELL$4 ,WE F9D \RSELVES 9 A P]IOD ( 9DECISION1 :I* IS SPECIALLY CRITICAL = ! DEVELOPM5T ( \R C\NTRY'S ECONOMY4 ,TO USE AN ANALOGY1 WE W\LD GO AS F> AS TO SAY ?AT ! ,SPANI% WORK]S HAVE NOT YET LEFT ! ,K]5SKY /AGE BEH9D !M4 ,& ?IS IS ! SIMPLE REASON :Y WE >E BECALM$ AMID A SEA ( UNC]TA9TY & ANXIETY444 ,9 ! ,JULY DAYS WE /OPP$ HALFWAY 9 DEF]5CE TO ! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION4 ,& ?R\< LACK ( VISION & REVOLUTION>Y S5SE ! RE9S ( P[] W]E H&$ TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 :I* CANNOT BUT BE F\ND 9 ! RANKS ( ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE4 ,! SITUATION 9 ,JULY WAS PRICELESS4 ,:O C\LD HAVE RESI/$ ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 HAD !Y *OS5 TO SEIZE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ,CATALONIA8 ,BUT 9/EAD ( MAK+ REALITY ( ! CONF$]ATION'S IDEAS AS 9C>NAT$ 9 ! FOLDS ( ITS R$ & BLACK FLAGS & ! CRIES ( ! MULTITUDES1 \R COMMITTEES SP5T !IR TIME TO'+ & FRO'+ BETWE5 ! C5T]S ( (FICIALDOM1 BUT FAIL+ TO SECURE A SITUATION :]E WE HELD A POSITION BEFITT+ \R /R5G? 9 ! /REETS4 ,AFT] A FEW WEEKS ( HESITATION1 !RE CAME ! 9VITATION TO %>E P[]4 ,WE RECALL ?AT AT A ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES1 IT WAS ADVOCAT$ ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y ORGAN :I*1 IT WAS DECID$1 W\LD BE KN[N AS ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,JUNTA AT AN OV]ALL LEVEL1 ) REGIONAL JUNTA AT LOCAL LEVEL4 ,BUT ! MOTIONS PASS$ W]E NOT IMPLEM5T$4 ,NO M5TION WAS MADE ( ?AT ]ROR1 NOT TO SAY ! 9FR+EM5T ( ! DECISIONS MADE 9 ! A=EM5TION$ ,PL5UM4 ,WE W5T FIR/ 9TO ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T1 !N1 LAT]1 9TO ! ,MADRID ONE4 ,ON :AT CONDITIONS WAS COLLABORATION AGRE$8 ,\R /R5G? 9 ! /REETS & 9 ! WORKPLACE DID NOT RECEIVE ITS JU/ RECOMP5SE4 ,WE JO9$ ! GOV]NM5T )\T RECEIV+ ! NECESS>Y ASSURANCES4 ,NO O!R ORGANIZATION OR P>TY W\LD HAVE ACCEPT$ A M9ORITY %>E ( RESPONSIBILITY :5 IT HELD AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ON ! /REETS4 ,FROM ?AT MOM5T 7:I* M>K$ A SETT+ ASIDE ( \R PR9CIPLES7 WE HAVE GONE FROM ]ROR TO ]ROR4 ,! BLUND]S HAVE BE5 SU* ?AT WE DO NOT KN[ HAS TO DESCRIBE ! CONDUCT ( C]TA9 COMRADES :O BE> ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! UNC]TA9TY 9 :I* WE F9D \RSELVES444 

',WE HAVE BE5 LABEL$ AS AG5TS PROVOCATEURS4 ,:Y DO !Y SAY ?IS ( US8 ,BECAUSE WE HAVE HAD ! EFFRONT]Y TO SPEAK ! TRU? 9 =?RI<T1 PLA9 LANGUAGE6 ,&1 MU* TO \R REGRET1 WE HAVE SE5 H[1 EV5 FROM ! PAGES ( \R BELOV$ DAILY ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 9SULTS HAVE BE5 HURL$ AT US ) 9CREAS+ V5OM4 ,& ?IS EXCESS1 COMMITT$ BY A MAN ) A FASCI/ BACKGR\ND HAS BE5 TAK5 UP BY O!RS ) A BACKGR\ND 9 ! ,L]R\IXI/ CAMP444 

',WE >E UNDAUNT$ BY ! ATTACKS TO :I* WE HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$4 ,WE CAME 9TO BE+ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ZEPHYR ( ,JULY = \R MANTLE & WE HAVE BE5 =TIFI$ BY ! ,MAY 9CID5TS4 ,\R AIMS >E REVOLUTION>Y & AN>*I/4 ,WE %ALL REMA9 ON A W> FOOT+ UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! REVOLUTION HAS TAK5 ROOT4 ,WE %ALL BE A DYKE AGA9/ :I* ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION WILL DE/ROY ITSELF444'  
  

,TWO DAYS LAT] A SPECIALLY SUMMON$ REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,C,N,T LOCAL & COM>CAL ,F$]ATIONS DECID$ ?AT ! *>GES ( 'BETRAYAL' MADE BY ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI AGA9/ ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES %\LD BE DEBAT$ 9 ! UNION ASSEMBLIES4 ,?IS WAS NOT DONE4 ,9/EAD ! ,F,O,D W]E GIV5 #dh H\RS GRACE TO SUB/ANTIATE !IR *>GES4 ,! ,F,O,D REFUS$ TO GIVE SU* AN UND]TAK+ 9SI/+ ?AT ! CASE BE DEBAT$ AS DECID$4 ,SO F> AS ! ,F,O,D W]E CONC]N$1 ONLY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES W]E EMP[]$ TO JUDGE ON ! MATT]4 

,! SECOND ISSUE ( ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO APPE>$1 UNC5SOR$1 ON #bf ,MAY4 ,IT HAD GONE UND]GR\ND3 0,! ABSURD TREATM5T MET$ \T TO US BY ! C5SORS OBLIGE US TO GIVE !M ! SLIP40 

,! GOV]NM5TAL CRISIS WAS RESOLV$ ON #bg ,MAY :5 ,PRESID5T ,AZANA CALL$ 9 ,JUAN ,NEGR9 TO =M A NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO WAS HIS NEW ,M9I/] ( ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4 ,NEGR9 WAS TO BECOME ! LA/ PRIME M9I/] ( ! ,SECOND ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC4 ,TROTSKYI/ HI/ORIANS ,BR\E & ,TEMIME DESCRIBE ,NEGR9 AS3  
  

'444 AN UNCONDITIONAL DEF5D] ( CAPITALI/ PROP]TY & RESOLUTE ADV]S>Y ( COLLECTIVIZATION1 :OM ! ,C,N,T M9I/]S F9D BLOCK+ ALL ( !IR PROPOSALS4 ,HE IS ! ONE :O SOLIDLY REORGANIZ$ ! C>AB9]OS & PRESID$ OV] ! TRANSF] ( ! GOLD RES]VES ( ! ,REPUBLIC TO ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,HE 5JOY$ ! CONFID5CE ( ! MOD]ATES444 .< &.> WAS ON EXCELL5T T]MS ) ! ,COMMUNI/S4' ,NE$LESS TO SAY ! ,C,N,T WAS NOT 9VIT$ TO JO9 ! NEW ,CAB9ET4 ,ITS SOME:AT PETULANT RESPONSE TO ?IS REBUFF WAS A PRESS /ATEM5T D5\NC+ 'ANY GOV]NM5T 9 :I* ! ,U,G,T & ,C,N,T W]E NOT REPRES5T$ & HAD BE5 WEAK5$ BY =EIGN 9FLU5CE4'  
  

,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A ( #bh ,MAY C>RI$ A /ATEM5T FROM ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I NOTIFY+ BO? ORGANIZATIONS1 'CONF$]AL & AN>*I/ ?AT ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ASSOCIATION' :O DO NOT PUBLICLY DISSOCIATE !MSELVES FROM ! /ANCE ADOPT$ BY SAID GR\P+ W]E TO BE EXPELL$4 

,! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PAP] 9 ,FRANCE1 ,IL ,GRIDO DEL ,POPOLO C>RI$ AN >TICLE ON ,CAMILLO ,B]N]I1 REF]R+ TO HIM AS3 '444 ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI GR\P :I*444 PROVOK$ ! BLOODY UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T 9 ,CATALONIA' & :O '444 GOT HIS JU/ DES]TS DUR+ ?AT REVOLT FROM ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REVOLUTION :OSE RI<T ( SELF DEF5SE NO ANTIFASCI/ CAN D5Y4' ,?AT SAME DAY TWO MEMB]S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI GR\P1 ,JOAQU9 ,AUBI & ,ROSA ,MUNOZ1 PUBLI%$ A LETT] 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A :I* GIVES AN 9DICATION AS TO ! OV]RID+ IMPORTANCE ASCRIB$ BY ! ,C,N,T RANK-&-FILE TO ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y /AT$ ?AT AL?\< PUBLICLY OBLIG$ TO R5\NCE ! GR\P3  
  

'444BE+ AGA9/ ! P[] /RUGGLE :I* IT IS WAG+ AGA9/ ! SPECIFIC & CONF$]AL BODIES444 WE CONT9UE TO LOOK UPON ! COMRADES BELONG+ TO ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI AS COMRADES BUT ! ,C,N,T WAS \R WOMB & IT %ALL ALSO BE \R TOMB4'  
  

,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( A NUMB] ( PUBLIC MEET+S AT ! 5D ( ,MAY1 ! ,C,N,T M9I/]S GAVE AN ACC\NT ( !IR A*IEVEM5TS 9 GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS AN UNCONV9C+ ATTEMPT TO PRES5T ! /ATE1 BECAUSE ( ! 'AN>*I/' 9VOLVEM5T'1 AS HAV+ BE5 TRANS=M$4 ,!IR EXP]I5CES 9 GOV]NM5T HAD P]V]T$ !IR ?9K+ \T ( ALL IDEOLOGICAL %APE4 ,AT ONE SU* MEET+ ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y /AT$3  
  

'444,S9CE ! ,C,N,T *OSE TO 5T] ! GOV]NM5T \T ( A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 & BECAUSE ( ITS USEFUL CONDUCT & ! WORK IT HAS UNFL9*+LY SE5 ?R\<1 A NEW FUTURE OP5S BE=E ! WORLD BECAUSE ! ,FR5* ,C,G,T HAS /AT$ ?AT TRADE UNION REPRES5TATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 ! PRACTICE ( HAV+ ,U,G,T & ,C,N,T REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 WAS SOME?+ ( FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE SIGNIFY+ TO ! WORLD1 AS IT DID1 ! 9VOLVEM5T ( ! LABOR+ MASSES 9 ! TASKS ( GOV]NM5T444 '  
  

,%E W5T ON1 PLUMB+ FUR!R DEP?S1 SPEAK+ ( ! NEW SOCIETY3  
  

'444 ,:O BUILDS IT8 ,IT IS ! H&IWORK ( ! WORK]S1 ! PRODUC]S1 ?OSE :O EXTRACT ORE FROM ! M9E'S DEP?S1 ?OSE :O OP]ATE ! MA*9ES 9 ! FACTORIES1 :O %APE ! IRON 9 ! WORK%OPS1 ?OSE :O DRAG ! MA*9ES ?R\< ! /REETS4 ,! WORK]S BY H& & BRA91 ?OSE :O LABOR ) A CON/RUCTIVE \TLOOK1 A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 HAV+ IMM]S$ !MSELVES AS A CLASS 9 ! WORK ( GOV]NM5T4' ,LAT]1 %E POS$ ! QUE/ION3 ',DO Y\ ?9K IT POSSIBLE OR FEASIBLE ?AT ONE CAN GOV]N TODAY AFT] ! /YLE ( POLITICAL P>TIES1 DISREG>D+ ! RESPONSIBILITY 9 GOV]NM5T & ! COLLABORATION 9 GOV]NM5T TODAY -- & LET IT1 9 DAYS TO COME -- :IL/ TAK+ NO ACC\NT ( ! ORGANIZATIONS1 & NONE ( ! UNIONS8 ,NO1 IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO DO SO4 ,NOT A ?+ CAN !Y DO AGA9/ US OR )\T US444'  

,! ,MAY ,DAYS -- ,AFT]MA? 

  

,MO/ /ATI/ICS CONC]N+ CASUALTIES REF] ONLY TO ! DAYS ( ACTUAL FI<T+ & DO NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! MURD]S & 'DISAPPE>ANCES' 9 ! REPRESSION ?AT FOLL[$1 NOR ! W\ND$ :O MAY HAVE DI$4 ,MO/ AU?ORS GIVE FIGURES ( BETWE5 #d & #e DEAD & #a1 W\ND$1 EXCEPT = ,S\*Y :O TALKS AB\T #a1#e W\ND$ & ! ,SOVIET WRIT]1 ,MAIDANIK1 :O CITES A FIGURE ( #ie DEAD & #b1#f W\ND$4 ,!RE W]E1 H[EV]1 O!R CASUALTIES4 ,SOVIET DIPLOMATS ,ROS5B]G1 ,ANTONOV-,OVSE5KO1 ,ALEX&] ,ORLOV1 & ,G,P,U *IEF ,PETROV W]E IMM$IATELY RECALL$ BY ,/AL9 & SUMM>ILY %OT ON !IR RETURN TO ,MOSC[4 

,PRISON]S TAK5 BY ! AN>*I/S & HELD 9 ! PREMISES ( ! V>I\S ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES 9 ! DIFF]5T QU>T]S W]E QUICKLY RELEAS$4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! CASE ) MANY WELL-KN[N LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS TAK5 BY ! O!R SIDE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y3  
  

'444SOME PROBLEMS' W]E 5C\NT]$ 9 ! CASES ( ,PAULES DE ,TORO1 ,JOSE ,DOM+UEZ1 ,ANTONIO ,IGNACIL & ,FRANCISCO ,S>QU$A :O W]E /ILL BE+ HELD 9 ! ,K>L ,M>X B>RACKS ON #ac ,MAY4 ,AT LEA/ N9E AN>*I/S ALSO REMA9$ PRISON]S 9 ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,P,S,U,C ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,A FUR!R ?REE ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS W]E HELD 9 ! ,E/AT ,CATALA BUILD+ 9 ! ,RAMBLA4 ,!RE W]E ALSO C\NTLESS O!RS HELD 9 ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,PALACE AS WELL AS 9 POLICE HEADQU>T]S :]E UPW>DS ( #b AN>*I/ MILITANTS W]E 9 CU/ODY4 ,MANY ( !SE SUBSEQU5TLY DISAPPE>$4'  
  

,! ,SOVIET VIEW ( ! ',MAY EV5TS' WAS SUB/ANTIALLY DIFF]5T FROM O!R ACC\NTS4 ,=M] ,SOVIET AMBASSADOR TO ! ,NON-,9T]V5TION ,COMMITTEE 9 ,LONDON1 ,IVAN ,MAISKY1 RECALL$ 9 HIS ,SPANI% ,NOTEBOOKS 7PP #a#b#b-#a#b#c73  
  

'444ON #c ,MAY1 L>GE DETA*M5TS ( AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S DIS>M$ ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ADVANC$ T[>DS ! C5T] ( ! CITY 444,! PUTS*I/S SEIZ$ ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE1 M\NT$ MA*9E GUNS ON ! RO(S ( H\SES & PO/$ SNIP]S 9 SCATT]$ POSITIONS444'  
  

,SOVIET G5]AL ,PAVEL ,BATOV'S ACC\NT 9 ,B5EA? ! ,FLAG ( ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC IS EQUALLY UNLIKELY1 TALK+ AS IT DOES ( ! DISORD] FOLL[+ ! ATTEMPT$ ',TROTSKYI/ PUTS*' BE+ 0SUPPRESS$ BY ! WORK]S FROM ! FACTORIES & FIRMS 9 ,B>CELONA407,MOSC[ #a#i#f#g1 P4 #b#e#c74 

,9 A LAT] RECOLLECTION ( '! ,B>CELONA PUTS*' ,SPANI% ,/AL9I/ ,SANTIAGO ,C>RILLO 9 ,DEMA9 ,L8,ESPAGNE 7#a#i#g#d71 REF]S TO '444 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ( ! ,SOVIET REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS444 C>RI$ OV] 9TO ! 9T]NATIONAL PLANE4' ,9 AN ATTEMPT TO ABSOLVE HIMSELF ( GUILT HE DIGS HIMSELF 9 DEEP]3  
  

'444 TO ! EYES ( ! >MY & ! PEOPLE AS A :OLE ?IS PUTS*1 BR++ TOGE!R A SMALL GR\P ( AN>*I/S & ,TROTSKYI/S1 LOOK$ LIKE A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MOVE AIM$ AT BREA*+ ! FRONT & EAS+ ! FASCI/ (F5SIVE4 ,FRANCO BOA/$ ( HAV+ AG5TS AMONG ! PUTS*I/S 444 ( C\RSE1 ,I DON'T BELIEVE N[ ?AT ,N9 WAS 9 ,BURGOS OR ,B]L94 ,I BELIEVE !RE IS A POSSIBILITY ?AT HE MAY HAVE BE5 EXECUT$ 9 \R ZONE4 ,BUT AT ! TIME1 9 ! AFT]MA? ( A PUTS* LIKE ?AT ,I GRANT$ 7BECAUSE IT NEV] REALLY CAME UP AS A TOPIC = DISCUSSION BETWE5 US7 ?AT ,N9 MI<T HAVE ESCAP$ & GONE OV] TO ! O!R SIDE1 AS ! BULK ( OP9ION BELIEV$4 ,& ! PUTS* 9 ,MAY #aicg ONLY CONFIRM$ US 9 \R BELIEF ?AT ,TROTSKYI/S W]E C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S4'  
  

,BRIEFLY1 ON ! QUE/ION ( FASCI/ 9VOLVEM5T 9 PROVOK+ ! EV5TS ( ,MAY1 ,VON ,FAUPEL1 ,HITL]'S AMBASSADOR 9 ,BURGOS CLAIM$ RESPONSIBILITY1 ?R\< HIS AG5TS 9 ,B>CELONA1 9 A REPORT TO ,B]L9 ON #ac ,MAY4 ,?IS REPORT IS NOT SUB/ANTIAT$ BY ! MAN 9 *>GE ( ,FRANCO'S 9TELLIG5CE OP]ATIONS 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,JOSE ,B]TRAN Y ,MUSITU1 :O MAKES NO REF]5CE TO NATIONALI/ AG5TS BE+ 9VOLV$ 9 ANY WAY 9 HIS MEMOIRS1 ,EXP]I5CIA DE LOS ,S]VICIOS DE ,9=MACION DEL ,NORDE/E DE ,ESPANA DURANTE LA GU]RA1 ,MADRID1 ,ESPASA ,CALPE1 #a#i#d4 

,9T]E/+LY1 ,PALMIRO ,TOGLIATTI1 =M] $ITOR ( ! ,TUR9 COMMUNI/ DAILY1 ,L8,ORD9E ,NUOVO1 & A MEMB] ( ! ,COM9T]N :O HAD L$ ! ACCUSATIONS ( ,TROTSKYI/ 9VOLVEM5T ) FASCI/S WAS ONE ( ! SIXTY SIGNATORIES ( AN ',APPEAL TO ,FASCI/S' :I* HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,AUGU/ #aicf ISSUE ( ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY J\RNAL ,LO ,/ATO ,OP]AIO4 ,! ,OCTOB] ISSUE ( ?IS J\RNAL REPORT$ A ,P,C,I MEET+ 9 ,P>IS :]E ! PLAT=M BANN] READ ',RECONCILIATION & ,UNION ( ! ,ITALIAN PEOPLE4' ,P>TY POLICY WAS AIM$ AT RECONCIL+ & UNIT+ '! ,ITALIAN PEOPLE -- FASCI/S & NON-FASCI/S4' ,ON #ag ,APRIL #a#i#c#f1 ,FR5* COMMUNI/ LEAD] ,MAURICE ,?OREZ (F]$ ! 'H& ( FRI5D%IP' TO =M] S]VICEM5 :O HAD JO9$ ! ',CROIX DE ,FEU' 7,CROSS ( ,FIRE74 ,COMMUNI/ OV]TURES TO ! FASCI/S CONT9U$ TO APPE> 9 ! ,LO ,/ATO ,OP]AIO UNTIL ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#g4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,UPDAT$4 

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