,*APT] #a 
,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,O,N 

  

,)9 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS !RE W]E ?REE DI/9CT PO9TS ( VIEW ON ! QUE/ION ( W> & REVOLUTION4 ,! FIR/1 PROBABLY ! MAJORITY VIEW1 WAS ?AT ! W> W\LD BE OV] 9 A MATT] ( WEEKS1 AFT] ALL1 A FEW DAYS HAD BE5 5\< TO R\T ! >MY 9 ,B>CELONA & O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S1 & ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS DEBAT$ & ADOPT$ BY ! ,C,N,T'S NATIONAL CONGRESS AT ,Z>AGOZA 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 FIVE MON?S PREVI\SLY1 WAS AN 9SEP>ABLE ASPECT ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ECONOMIC & SOCIAL OPPRESSION4 ,?US1 ! MOVEM5T %\LD PROCE$ IMM$IATELY TO SOCIALIZE ! FACTORIES1 ! L& & !IR COMMUNITIES4 

,! SECOND POSITION WAS ?AT HELD BY MEMB]S ( ! REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & P59SUL> COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! SO-CALL$ 'NOTABLES'1 (FICE HOLD]S SU* AS SU* AS ,HORACIO ,PRIETO1 ,M>IANO ,RODRIGUEZ1 ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ETC4 ,!Y ANTICIPAT$ A L5G?Y W> & OPPOS$ IMPLEM5T+ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM UNTIL ! W> WAS WON4 ,!Y OPT$ 9/EAD = COMPROMIS+ ALLIANCES ) ! B\RGEOIS ,REPUBLICAN1 ,CATALANI/ & ,/AL9I/ P>TIES4 

,!IR >GUM5T WAS ?AT SU* A /RATEGY W\LD PREV5T A SITUATION DEVELOP+ :]E9 A VICTORI\S BUT EXHAU/$ ,C,N,T MI<T BE OV]:ELM$ BY ANO!R POLITICAL =CE :I* HAD BE5 MORE SP>+ ) ITS =CES IE1 ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

,IT WAS A FATAL /RATEGY ?AT QUICKLY ABSORB$ !M1 UND]M9$ !IR PR9CIPLES & TRANS=M$ :AT HAD HI!RTO BE5 A GREAT 9/RUM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO JU/ ANO!R RIGID BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTION4 

,! ?IRD BODY ( OP9ION1 A M9ORITY ONE HELD BY MILITANTS SU* AS ,DURRUTI1 ,CAMILLO ,B]N]I1 ,JAIME ,BALIUS1 & SO ON 7& ONE :I* ,I 9CID5TALLY AGREE )7 ALSO ANTICIPAT$ A L5G?Y W> BECAUSE ( ! 9VOLVEM5T ( ,G]MANY & ,ITALY -- BUT HELD ?AT W> & REVOLUTION W]E 9SEP>ABLE4 

,ONLY A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION C\LD F9ALLY DE/ROY FASCISM BECAUSE TO DO SO MEANT DE/ROY+ ! /ATE1 S9CE FASCISM ONLY MEANS A C]TA9 MODE ( ! /ATE3 ALL /ATES TURN FASCI/ :5 ! ?REAT TO ! PRIVILEGE ?AT ! /ATE PROTECTS -- & TO A DEGREE ALSO EMBODIES -- BECOMES /RONG 5\<1 :I* HAPP5S :5 ! P>TICIPATORY PROC$URES ( ! /ATE CAN NO LONG] SECURE ?AT PRIVILEGE4 

,FASCISM1 9 O!R WORDS1 IS 5=C$ CLASS COLLABORATION1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! VOLUNT>Y CLASS COLLABORATION ( P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T4 

,MY MA9 CONT5TION IS1 BRIEFLY1 ?AT BETWE5 ,JULY #ba & ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#c#f1 ! SO-CALL$ 'NOTABLES' ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & P59SUL> COMMITTEES AB&ON$ ALL PRET5SE ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y ORGANS4 

,9/EAD1 !Y CON/ITUT$ A VE/$ 9T]E/ /RUCTURE ?AT S]V$1 PRIM>ILY1 TO APPLY ! BRAKES TO ! SPONTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY ( ! UNION RANK & FILE & TO REPRESS ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\?1 ! CONF$]AL DEF5SE CADRES1 ! ACTION GR\PS & AFF9ITY GR\PS SU* AS ! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' 4 

,!Y PROMOT$ ',ANTI-FASCI/ UNITY' & /ATE P[] AT ! EXP5SE ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & VALUES1 & IMPOS$ ! HEGEMONY ( ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP OV] ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES & ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES1 NOT ONLY ( ,CATALONIA1 BUT ( ,>AGON AS WELL P>TICUL>LY ! ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON4 ,!IR PR9CIPAL AIM BE+ TO P]PETUATE !IR P[] BASE1 EV5 AT ! EXP5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & VALUES ?AT HAD 9SPIR$ ! L>GE/ MASS LABOR UNION 9 ,SPANI% HI/ORY 

,= !M ! 9/RUM5TAL MEANS HAD BECOME ! ORGANIZATIONAL 5D4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT2 !Y W]E N[ P>T ( A /ATE ?AT WAS 9CREAS+LY DOM9AT$ NOT JU/ BY RE=MI/1 WELF>I/1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 BUT BY ! AG5TS ( ,SOVIET COMMUNISM1 AN>*ISM'S DEADLIE/ 5EMY 

,! 'NOTABLES' C>E]S AS AN>*I/S W]E OV] -- !Y W]E N[ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES4 

,:5 ! >MY'S ,B>CELONA G>RISON MOV$ \T ( !IR B>RACKS AT #d4#c 9 ! MORN+ ( #ai ,JULY ! MILIT>Y LACK$ AN ESS5TIAL +R$I5T = SUCCESS1 SURPRISE6 

,! ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS' ,LIAISON ,COMMISSION HAD HAD PRECISE 9=MATION AS TO ! DATE ( ! MILIT>Y RIS+ S9CE ! #a#c?4 ,)9 M9UTES1 FACTORY & %IPS' SIR5S W]E WAIL+ !IR PRE->RANG$ SIGNAL TO ! #c OR SO SO ,C,N,T DEF5SE CADRES WAIT+ ON ! /REETS4 ,!Y HAD ALSO ORGANIZ$ TWO MOBILE COMM& C5T]S1 :I* W]E QUICKLY ON SITE AT !IR PRE->RANG$ /RATEGIC VANTAGE PO9TS4 

,DESPITE HAV+ BE5 PRES5T$ ) EVID5CE ?AT ADVANC$ PREP>ATIONS = A MILIT>Y RIS+ W]E UND] WAY1 NEI!R ,PRESID5T ,LUIS ,COMPANYS ( ! ,CATALAN ,GOV]NM5T NOR ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA TRU/$ ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T1 & REFUS$ TO AU?ORIZE -- UNSURPRIS+LY P]HAPS-- ! DI/RIBUTION ( >MS TO A MASS LABOR UNION :OSE /AT$ OBJECTIVE WAS LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,! PROSPECT ( UNLEA%+ A SOCIAL REVOLUTION BY >M+ ! PEOPLE WAS1 TO ! ,REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE1 MORE CATA/ROPHIC ?AN ! ALT]NATIVE SC5>IO ( A MILIT>Y C\P & FASCISM4 ,! SLOGAN ( ! REACTION>IES WAS -- AT LEA/ -- ! DEF5SE ( TRADITION1 FAMILY & PROP]TY6 

,B>CELONA POLICE *IEF ,F$]ICO ,ESC(ET = EXAMPLE WAS P]FECTLY HAPPY TO >M ! MA9LY RE=MI/ ,U,G,T UNION MEMB]S1 BUT AS HE EXPLA9$3  
  

',TO >M ! ,C,N,T REPRES5T$ AN IMM$IATE OR LAT] DANG] = ! ,REPUBLICAN REGIME 9 ,CATALONIA ( ,E,Q,U,A,L DANG] = ITS EXI/5CE AS ! MILIT>Y REBELLION4 ,COMPANYS & ,I AGRE$ ON ! NECESSITY ( ,N,O,T DI/RIBUT+ ! >MS1 BECAUSE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS ! DOM9ANT =CE4 ,!SE >M$ ELEM5TS1 :O UND\BT$LY W\LD PROVIDE 9VALUABLE ASSI/ANCE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REBELS1 C\LD ALSO 5DANG] ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,REPUBLIC & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4'  
  

,ESC(ET DID EV]Y?+ 9 HIS P[] TO PREV5T ! MILITANTS GETT+ !IR H&S ON ! WEAPONS 9 ! ,SAN ,&RES >S5AL4 ,HE KNEW ?AT ONCE ! PEOPLE HAD ?OSE >MS ! MONOPOLY ( CO]CION1 :I* GAVE ! /ATE ITS AU?ORITY1 W\LD BE BROK5 & /ATE P[] W\LD COLLAPSE4 

,TO ?IS 5D HE S5T A COMPANY ( LOYAL ,CIVIL ,GU>D TO DEF5D ! PLACE1 BUT !Y >RIV$ TOO LATE4 ,BY ?AT TIME ! B>RACKS HAD ALREADY BE5 9VAD$ & RANSACK$ BY WORK]S4 

,?IS WAS PROBABLY ! FIR/ PIVOTAL EV5T ?AT TRANS=M$ :AT ! MILIT>Y HOP$ W\LD BE A /RAI<T=W>D MILIT>Y PRONUNCIAM5TO 9TO A REBELLION1 & !N 9TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,IT WAS ! MOM5T :5 POLITICAL P[] %IFT$1 ALBEIT BRIEFY1 FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT ,PALACE TO ! UNION BRAN*ES & TO ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES4 

,NEXT MORN+1 ! #b? ( ,JULY1 POLICE *IEF ,ESC(ET REPORT$ TO ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS ?AT ! REBELLION HAD BE5 PUT D[N1 TO :I* ,COMPANYS REPLI$1 SOME:AT ACIDLY1 ?AT ?AT WAS ALL V]Y WELL BUT ! SITUATION WAS /ILL *AOTIC ) >M$ & UNCONTROLLABLE MOBS RAMPAG+ ?R\< ! /REETS4 

,ESC(ET ?REW ! BALL BACK 9TO ! POLITICIAN'S C\RT3  
  

',MR ,PRESID5T1 ,I UND]TOOK TO DOM9ATE ! MILIT>Y REVOLT 9 ,B>CELONA & ,I HAVE DONE ?IS4 ,BUT AN AU?ORITY REQUIRES ! MEANS ( CO]CION TO MAKE ITSELF OBEY$1 & !SE MEANS DO NOT EXI/ TODAY4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE IS NO AU?ORITY4 ,& ,I1 MY DE> ,PRESID5T1 DO NOT KN[ H[ TO P]=M MIRACLES = ! MOM5T WE >E ALL OV]COME BY ! SITUATION 9CLUD+ ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! ONLY SOLUTION1 ,MR ,PRESID5T IS TO CONTA9 ! SITUATION POLITICALLY1 )\T M9IMIZ+ \R RESPECTIVE AU?ORITIES4'  
  

,AS ,ESC(ET =ESAW1 ! ADM9I/RATIVE LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T1 ! 'NOTABLES1 OV]TAK5 BY EV5TS W]E AS SURPRIS$ AS ! POLITICIANS AT ! OV]NI<T %IFT 9 P[]4 ,HAV+ EXTOLL$ ! ORGANIZATIONAL VIRTUES ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?R\<\T !IR LIVES AS MILITANTS1 N[ ?AT ! WORK]S W]E BREAK+ !IR *A9S --& NOT JU/ M5TALLY BUT PHYSICALLY TOO -- & ?AT ! DREAM WAS BECOM+ A REALITY BY A REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS :I* ?REAT5$ TO MAKE !IR ROLE SUP]FLU\S1 !Y BEGAN HAV+ SECOND ?\<TS1 OP5LY D\BT+ ! PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO ADM9I/] !IR [N LIVES 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S4 

,?IS IS ! ?9K+ ( ALL AU?ORIT>IANS :O CANNOT EV5 UND]/&1 LET ALONE TOL]ATE1 ! COMMUNAL CREATIVITY ?AT COMES ) ! 5D+ ( DIVISION4 

,ONCE HUMAN BE+S SEE ?R\< ! FRAGILE EGOTI/ICAL *>ACT]S ?AT AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY HAS BE/[$ UPON !M1 TO KEEP !M DIVID$1 WEAK1 & DEP5D5T ON !IR SUPPOS$ SUP]IORS1 & REALIZE ?AT !Y HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE BY S9K+ !IR DIFF]5CES1 DISCOV]+ !IR HUMANITY & MAK+ COMMON CAUSE ) EA* O!R -- !Y HAVE A WORLD TO W94 

,DESPITE !IR ?REATS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION E>LI] ?AT SUMM] 9 RESPONSE TO ! MU*-TALK$-AB\T RI<TI/ C\P1 ! '9FLU5TIAL MILITANTS' :O MET ON ! #b? ( ,JULY CONCLUD$ ?AT ! 'OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS = SOCIAL REVOLUTION' W]E NOT RI<T4 ,! MILIT>Y REBELLION ?AT HAD BE5 UNLEA%$1 AL?\< IT HAD TRIGG]$ ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 W\LD BE ! *IEF OB/ACLE TO ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION1 & W\LD ULTIMATELY DE/ROY IT4 

,! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I-,F,I,J,L 9 ,CATALONIA W]E1 !RE=E1 CAU<T ON ! HORNS ( A DILEMMA -- SOCIAL REVOLUTION OR B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 

,!Y EI!R COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION REG>DLESS ( ! DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 FI<T+ BO? FASCISM & 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM OR1 :E!R ?R\< FE> ( FASCISM OR FE> ( ! PEOPLE1 !Y AB&ON$ !IR AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES TO BOL/] & BECOME P>T ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE 9 ! HOPE ?AT AFT] ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM IT W\LD UND]GO A TRANSITION & BECOME A G5U9ELY HUMANE ORGAN ( P[] ?AT OP]AT$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE4 

,FAC$ ) AN IMP]FECT /ATE ( AFFAIRS & PREF]R+ DEFEAT TO A POSSIBLY PYRRHIC VICTORY1 ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP R5\NC$ AN>*ISM 9 ! NAME ( EXP$I5CY & REMOV$ ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ( ,SPA9 FROM !IR AG5DA4 

,B,U,T :AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 'NOTABLES' FAIL$ TO GRASP WAS ?AT ! DECISION :E!R OR NOT TO IMPLEM5T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS NOT ,!,I,R,S TO MAKE4 

,AN>*ISM WAS NOT SOME?+ ?AT C\LD BE TRANS=M$ FROM !ORY 9TO PRACTICE BY ORGANIZATIONAL DICTAT4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD P]=M$ !IR TASK AS ! PA?F9D]S & %OCK TROOPS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HAD IMPLANT$ ! IDEAS1 & HELP$ CREATE ! NECESS>Y 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* ?OSE IDEAS & PRACTICES C\LD BE N\RI%$ & FL\RI%4 

,BUT IT WAS BEYOND !IR BRIEF OR !IR ABILITIES TO PUT AN>*ISM 9TO PRACTICE ?AT WAS A TASK ONLY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES C\LD P]=M4 

,NOR DID ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP TAKE ON BO>D ! FACT ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( #ai ,JULY HAD ACQUIR$ A POLITICAL DIRECTION ( ITS [N4 ,ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 & )\T ANY 9T]V5TION BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! UNIONS OR POLITICAL P>TIES1 ! ,C,N,T RANK & FILE ALONG ) O!R UNION MILITANTS HAD1 ) ! COLLAPSE ( /ATE P[]1 SUP]S$$ !IR 9DIVIDUAL P>TISAN ID5TITIES & HAD BE5 WELD$ -- ,CA?OLICS1 ,COMMUNI/S1 ,SOCIALI/S1 ,REPUBLICANS1 ,M>XI/S & ,AN>*I/S -- 9TO G5U9ELY POPUL> NONP>TIZAN REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES CONTROLL+ !IR RESPECTIVE NEI<BORHOODS4 

,!Y W]E ! NATURAL ORGANISMS ( ! REVOLUTION -- & ! DIRECT EXPRESSION ( POPUL> P[]4 

,BY FAIL+ TO SUPPLANT ! 'LEGITIMATE' POLITICAL ELEM5T )9 ! /ATE1 ! MILIT>Y HAD PROVOK$ ! COLLAPSE ( ,/ATE P[]4 ,IT WAS ! PEOPLE 9 >MS -- L$ BY ! UNION DEF5SE COMMITTEES -- :O HAD RESI/$ ! REACTION>IES WRE/+ ! 9ITIATIVE FROM ! GOV]NM5T & !REBY DEPRIV+ ITS RULE ( EI!R LEGITIMACY OR EFFECT4 ,IT WAS ! PEOPLE :O N[ WIELD$ P[] -- 9 ! WORK+ CLASS DI/RICTS ! B>RIOS & AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 NOT ! ,/ATE OR ! UNION LEAD]S _/ 

,9 ! IMM$IATE AFT]MA? ( ! DEFEAT ( ! FASCI/ C\P A DUAL P[] SITUATION EXI/$1 AN ACTUAL POPUL> P[] AGA9/ A COLLAPS$ C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL & UNION P[] N[ 9 TOTAL ECLIPSE1 AL?\< TRAGICALLY AS EV5TS W]E TO PROVE NOT = LONG4 

,FROM ! V]Y FIR/ MOM5T1 !RE=E1 ! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I SET ASIDE TRADITIONAL AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ RELIANCE ON ! CREATIVE SPIRIT ( ! PEOPLE & !IR CAPACITY = SELF-ORGANIZATION1 BL9DLY DISREG>D+ ,ISAAC ,PU5TE'S W>N+ 9 HIS PAMPHLET ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM' 

,!RE %\LD BE NO SUP]/RUCTURE ABOVE ! LOCAL ORGANIZATION O!R ?AN ?AT ) A SPECIFIC FUNCTION :I* CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T LOCALLY' !REBY BECOM+ ! UNWITT+ AG5TS 9 A TRAGICALLY DE/RUCTIVE PROCESS4 

,BY IMPOS+ !IR LEAD]%IP1 !SE P>TISAN COMMITTEES SUFFOCAT$ ! MU%ROOM+ POPUL> AUTONOM\S REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S -- ! GRASS-ROOTS ASSEMBLIES 9 EV]Y FACTORY & NEI<BORHOOD1 ! ID5TIFY+ FEATURE ( ALL GREAT REVOLUTIONS -- PREV5T+ !M FROM DEVELOP+ & PROV+ !MSELVES AS AN EFFICI5T & VIABLE MEANS ( COORD9AT+ COMMUNICATIONS1 DEF5SE & PROVISION+4 

,!Y ALSO PREV5T$ ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES FROM 9TEGRAT+ ) EA* O!R TO =M A REGIONAL1 PROV9CIAL & NATIONAL F$]AL NETWORK ?AT W\LD FACILITATE ! REVOLUTION>Y TASK ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION4 

,?IS PROCESS 9VOLV$ MANY COMPLEX FACTORS -- PSY*OLOGICAL AS WELL AS POLITICAL4 

,P>TICUL>LY P[]FUL W]E ! CLOSE TIES ( LOYALTY & ! MORAL IMP]ATIVES ( SOLID>ITY ?AT B\ND ! 9DIVIDUAL ,C,N,T RANK & FILE MILITANTS TO ! ,ORGANIZATION1 & :I* MADE !M HESITATE TO EXPRESS PUBLIC DISAGREEM5T ) ! LEAD]%IP 9 A TIME ( CRISIS4 

,EQUALLY1 ! %>P BREAK ) NORMAL DEMOCRATIC UNION PROC$URES --DUE TO ! 'CIRCUM/ANCES' ( W>1 GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION & ! NE$ = 'ANTIFASCI/ UNITY' -- L$ TO ! HI<] COMMITTEES RUL+ 9 ! '9T]E/S' ( ! BASE4 ,:AT HAD BE5 MORAL AU?ORITY BECAME CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 

,AS ,I SAID E>LI]1 !Y BECAME DE FACTO P>T ( ! /ATE4 ,!RE'S ALSO ! FACT ?AT L>GE NUMB]S ( P>TICUL>LY SEASON$ MILITANTS -- I4E4 WISE & COMBAT-H>D5$ COMRADES -- 0M>*$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( GUNFIRE0 & W]E TOO BUSY FI<T+ ! FASCI/S TO FI<T C\NT]-REVOLUTION ( ANY COLOR 9 ! RE>4 ,?IS SURELY EXPLA9S A LOT4 

,= EXAMPLE1 MILITANTS DELEGAT$ BY !IR DI/RICT COMMITTEES TO GO TO ! NEW ,C,N,T HEADQU>T]S = NEWS & ADVICE ON BEHALF ( ?OSE LOCAL COMMITTEES 1W]E *]RY-PICK$ & >BITR>ILY CO-OPT$ 9TO ! C5TRALIZ$ UNION APP>ATUS4 

,! P]SON PR9CIPALLY RESPONSIBLE = ?IS DISA/R\S POLICY1 WAS ! CL[NI% &1 EV5 TO ME1 ANYWAY1 CRIM9ALLY 9COMPET5T ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ1 ! REC5TLY APPO9T$ ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y & MEMB] ( ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> COMMITTEE3 

',Y\R PLACE IS H]E1 NOT 9 ! ,LOCALS' WAS H[ HE GREET$ SUITABLE LOCAL MILITANTS :O CAME 9 SE>* ( NEWS4 

,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y WAS ANO!R ( ?OSE '9FLU5TIAL MILITANTS' CATAPULT$ TO ORGANIZATIONAL PROM95CE -- )\T ANY DEMOCRATIC M&ATE EI!R FROM H] B>RIO COMMITTEE OR FROM ! TEA*]S' UNION1 TO :I* %E HAD ONLY REC5TLY AFFILIAT$4 

,S5T BY H] LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE ( ,SAN ,M>T9 DI/RICT TO ACT AS LIAISON1 %E SUDD5LY F\ND H]SELF CO-OPT$ ONTO ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE BY ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ4 ,LAT] ?AT SAME DAY %E WAS ALSO CO-OPT$ ONTO ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE BY A SIMIL> PROCESS4 

,I %\LD EXPLA9 ?AT ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ'S APPO9TM5T AS ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T WAS ! RESULT ( ! POLICY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S REFUS+ TO ACCEPT ADM9I/RATIVE POSITIONS )9 ! UNION4 ,AN>*I/ MEMB]S ( ! UNION T5D$ NOT TO GET 9VOLV$ 9 ! 9T]M$IATORY FUNCTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! 9EVITABLE T5SION BETWE5 !IR ROLE AS REVOLUTION>IES & UNION (FICIALS1 :OSE JOB IT IS TO DEF5D ! MORAL & ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 

,AT ! UNION ELECTIONS E>LI] ?AT YE> = ! PO/ ( ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y1 MO/ VOTES W5T TO ,M>COS ,ALCON BUT HE TURN$ IT D[N1 AS DID ,FRANCESC ,ESGLEAS1 ! SECOND *OICE1 :I* LEFT ! DOOR OP5 = ! ?IRD C&IDATE1 ',M>IANET'1 ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ4 ,HIS NAME ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD ORIG9ALLY BE5 PUT =W>D AS A 'JOKE' BY COMRADES FROM ! BUILD+ WORK]S' UNION4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS 'JOKE WAS ?AT HE WAS ELECT$ ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y ON ! BASIS ( JU/ F\R VOTES -- AN 9DICATION ( ! AM\NT ( CONFID5CE HE 9SPIR$ AMONG HIS FELL[ WORK]S4 

,IF ,M>IANET'S NOM9ATION WAS A 'JOKE' IT WAS ONE ?AT WAS TO HAVE TRAGIC CONSEQU5CES = ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,HIS C>E] AS ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y &1 LAT]1 ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T WAS CATA/ROPHIC4 ,LIKE ,HORACIO ,PRIETO :OSE PLACE AS ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y HE TOOK LAT] ?AT YE> ,M>IANET1 ! BUILD+ WORK] TURN$ ADM9I/RATOR -- LIKE ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y -- WAS A PRIME EXAMPLE ( ! L5G?S TO :I* PEOPLE 9 PUBLIC LIFE1 9CLUD+ AN>*I/1S WILL GO :5 !Y AB&ON PR9CIPLES = EXP$I5CY4 ,LIKE ,PRIETO1 HE4 ,MONTS5Y & O!RS W]E PUTTY 9 ! H&S ( ,NEGR9 & ! ,/AL9I/S1 & W]E CONT9UALLY 5T]+ 9TO PACTS ) ! ,U,G,T & ATT5D+ PRO-GOV]NM5T RALLIES & -- BY #a#i#c#h1 ALONG ) ,PRIETO & ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 HE WAS >GU+ = ! OP5+ ( NEGOTIATIONS ) ,FRANCO4 

,CONCLUSION 

  

,!RE'S MU* ?AT CAN BE SAID AB\T ! MI/AKES ?AT W]E MADE1 & H[ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9 ,SPA9 WAS D]AIL$ BETWE5 ,JULY #aicf & ,AUGU/ #a#i#c#g4 ,C]TA9LY1 ) REG>D TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! MO/ P]CEPTIVE CONTEMPOR>Y ANALYSIS1 9 MY VIEW1 WAS ?AT ( ! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' GR\P ( RANK & FILE ACTIVI/S ORIG9AT+ FROM ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN4 

,S9CE ! E>LY ,SPR+ ( #a#i#c#g1 :5 !IR PAP]1 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO1 FIR/ APPE>$1 ?IS 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' WAS ! ONLY ORGANIZ$ SECTION )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO PUBLICLY *ALL5GE ! EV]-DEEP5+ EMBROILM5T ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 'NOTABLES' 9 GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION1 & URGE A RETURN TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#f4 ,! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' SAW ?AT ! REAL PURPOSE BEH9D ! *ANGES ?AT W\LD ONLY B5EFIT SELF-S]V+ ELITI/S1 WAS TO JU/IFY & P]PETUATE COLLABORATION4 

,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 'NOTABLES' HAD GONE SO F> D[N ! GOV]NM5TAL ROAD ?AT ! SITUATIONAL ETIQUETTE ( ! RELATION%IP !Y HAD E/ABLI%$ ) /ATE FUNCTION>IES MEANT !Y W]E N[ EMB$D$ 9 ! AU?ORITY SY/EM ?AT AS AN>*I/S !Y HAD PREVI\SLY REPUDIAT$4 ,!Y HAD BECOME P>T ( ! PROBLEM4 

,TO )DRAW FROM GOV]NM5T N[ W\LD HAVE BE5 A PUBLIC ADMISSION ?AT !IR REPUDIATION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM & ALL !IR ACTIONS TO DATE HAD BE5 DE/RUCTIVE & NEGATIVE4 ,!Y HAD NO *OICE BUT TO SEE COLLABORATION ?R\< TO ! BITT] 5D4 ,IF SOCIAL REVOLUTION W]E TO BE RE/OR$ TO ! AG5DA IT C]TA9LY W\LD NOT COME ?R\< ! (FICIAL APP>ATUS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,ACCORD+ TO ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO3  
  

'444,! REAL MEAN+ ( ! DECISION ( ! ,F,A,I PL5UM IS ! FACT ?AT ! B& ( COMRADES :O RECOMM5D ?IS METAMORPHOSIS1 AIM NOT ONLY TO SEE ! ,F,A,I POSSESS$ ( AN ORGANIZATION /RUCTURE SIMIL> TO ?AT ( O!R SECTORS BUT ALSO1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IS ILL-CONSID]$ /EP1 ! 9T5TION IS TO P]PETUATE ! GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION BEGUN AFT] ,JULY4 ,AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 A COMPLETE RE-ASSESSM5T ( MI/AKES IS CALL$ = ! ]ROR IS COMP\ND$ & ! :OLE CATALOG ( CATA/ROPHES & C\NT]-REVOLUTION BLESS$ & ABSOLV$4 

',! LESSON HAS BE5 9 VA94 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! PA/ YE> IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO %>E REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSIBILITY ) ! PETITE-B\RGEOISIE & ) ?OSE P>TIES :I* AL?\< !Y CLAIM ! LABEL ',M>XI/' >E SELF-EVID5TLY APP5DAGES ( ! DESKOCRACY4 ,BUT COMMON S5SE HAS YET TO HAVE ITS WAY 9 \R RANKS4 

',IT HAS BE5 /AT$ ) ! UTMO/ CL>ITY ?AT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IS BE+ =SWORN = ! SAKE ( A RAPPRO*EM5T ) ANTIFASCI/ GR\P+S4 ,EXCELL5T6 ,>E !SE O!R GR\P+S BY SOME *ANCE =SWE>+ !IR PROGRAMS SO AS TO W9 OV] ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I4448 

',IT IS TRULY DEPLORABLE ?AT C]TA9 COMRADES ) A LONG HI/ORY 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAVE YET TO GRASP ! REASON :Y ! AN>*I/ GR\PS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO WORK FEATS ( SU* COLOSSAL IMPORTANCE :I* MAY BE EQUAL$ BUT CANNOT POSSIBLY BE \TDONE4 ,& IT DEFIES UND]/&+ ?AT 5T]+ ONCE AGA9 A P]IOD ( OPPRESSION !RE IS ?IS WI% TO TE> UP ! =MULA :I* HAS OP5$ UP SO MANY POSSIBILITIES TO ! /RUGGLES WAG$ BY ! PROLET>IAT ( ?IS P59SULA4  
  

,BY ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#c#g1 ) ! BREAK UP ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON ! LA/ /RON<OLD ( AN>*I/ PRACTICE1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION P]HAPS ! MO/ PR(\ND & 9SPIR+ SOCIAL EXP]IM5T 9 RECORD$ HI/ORY WAS OV]2 ! ,REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE & ! ,SOVIET ADVIS]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W]E N[ FREE FROM ! IMM$IATE DANG] FROM ! 5EMY )93 ! ,CATALAN ,NATIONALI/S HAD BE5 NEUTRALIZ$1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY SPLIT1 & ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' ( AN>*I/S & NON-,/AL9I/ ,M>XI/S HAD COLLAPS$ -- BUT ! RANK & FILE ACTIVI/S SU* AS ',! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' W]E TOO LATE4 

,HAV+ SURR5D]$ !IR POLITICAL1 MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC P[] TO !IR [N LEAD]S !Y HAD SE5 !SE LEAD]S ACQUIESCE TO ! SY/EMATIC DISMANTL+ ( !IR A*IEVEM5TS1 ! T]RORIZ+1 IMPRISONM5T & MURD] ( !IR MILITANTS1 & ! P]V]SION ( !IR ASPIRATIONS = A FREE SOCIETY \T ( ALL ID5TIFIABLE %APE4 

,) NO?+ LEFT TO FI<T = IT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME BE=E ! WILL TO RESI/ COLLAPS$1 TAK+ ) IT ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC & ?AT 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ MON/ROSITY :I* HAD GR[N \T ( :AT HAD ONCE BE5 A GREAT WORK+ CLASS ASSOCIATION -- ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I6 

,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/