,BR5NAN'S ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? 

#aidd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>IE ,L\ISE ,B]N]I 

,TEXT 3 

,BOOKS AB\T ,SPA9 HAVE BE5 WRITT5 EI!R BY LE>N$ PR(ESSORS :O WRITE HI/ORY IGNOR+ COMPLETELY WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS & ! EXI/5CE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & :O !RE=E PUT FANCIFUL 9T]PRETA- TIONS ON EV5TS !Y >E UNABLE TO UND]/&1 OR BY J\RNALI/S :O FEEL QUALIFI$ TO WRITE AB\T ,SPA9 AFT] SP5D+ ONLY A FEW DAYS OR A FEW WEEKS 9 ! C\NTRY & )\T HAV+ ACQUIR$ ANY PREVI\S KN[L$GE ( ! HI/ORICAL BACKGR\ND ( ! PEOPLE4 ,SU* BOOKS SOMETIMES CONTA9 BRILLIANT PASSAGES1 LIKE ,BORK5AU'S ,SPANI% ,COCKPIT OR ,GEORGE ,ORWELL'S ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA1 BUT >E ALSO FULL ( 9EXACTI- TUDES & HA/Y G5]ALIZATIONS4 ,!Y >E ALSO (T5 WRITT5 ) A BIAS TO SUIT ! POLITICAL FA%ION ( ! MOM5T ,SEV]AL BOOKS W]E WRITT5 AB\T ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION :I* DID NOT M5TION ! WORK ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T OR EV5 ITS EXI/5CE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 BECAUSE IT IS POPUL> TO BOO/ ! ,COMMUNI/S1 MO/ ( ! WORK DONE DUR+ ! REVOLUTION WAS ATTRIBUT$ TO !M4 

,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9?"9 /&S AP>T FROM ALL !SE BOOKS1 BO? = ! ]UDITION :I* ! AU?OR DISPLAYS & = HIS OBJECTIVE APPROA* TO ! SUBJECT4 ,G]ALD ,BR5AN DID NOT USE ANY EXP$I5T ME?OD TO WRITE ?IS BOOK4 ,HE HAS TAK5 GREAT PA9S TO F9D ! TRU? & TO BE FAIR TO ALL ! P>TIES HE DEALS )1 & IF SOMETIMES ! BOOK CONTA9S 9ACCURACIES ONE FEELS ?AT !Y >E DUE TO MIS9=MATION RA!R ?AN TO POLITICAL PREJUDICE4 

,BR5AN'S BOOK IS MADE 9T]E/+ & P5ETRAT+ BY HIS SYMPA?Y = ! SUBJECT HE HAS TREAT$4 ,HE LOVES ,SPA9 & ! ,SPANI>DS & HAS A P>TICUL> UND]/&+ ( ! ,SPANI% PEASANTS AMONG :OM HE LIV$ SO LONG1 NOT AS A T\RI/ BUT AS ONE ( !M1 %>+ !IR H\SES"9 !IR FOOD1 !IR TALK1 !IR SONGS & DANCES4 ,AN HI/ORIAN %\LD ATTEMPT TO EXP]I5CE 9 IMAG9ATION ! FEEL+S & REACTIONS ( ! PEOPLE HE DESCRIBES1 & HE IS ABLE TO DO ?IS ONLY IF HE CAN1 SO TO SPEAK1 PUT HIMSELF 9 !IR PLACE4 ,BR5AN IS EXTREMELY GIFT$ 9 ?AT RESPECT4 ,HE HAS DEALT ) HIS SUBJECT NOT ONLY AS A S*OL> BUT ALSO AS AN >TI/ & A PSY*OLOGI/4 ,?IS HAS 5ABL$ HIM TO UND]/& ACTIONS :I*"9 NOT BE+ A REVOLUTION>Y HIMSELF1 HE CANNOT APPROVE1 SU* AS ! BURN+ ( *UR*ES1 ! ?R[+ ( BOMBS1 ! KILL+ ( PRIE/S1 ! EXPROPRIATION ( L&LORDS & MANY O!R ACTS ( REVOLT ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S4 ,HE SEES !SE FACTS 9 !IR RI<T P]SPECTIVE & MAKES FUN ( ! REACTION>IES :O1 AT ! SLI<TE/ MOVEM5T ( REVOLT AMONG ! MASSES1 >E PREP>$ TO SEE ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS AS A MOB ( CRIM9ALS4 ,HE EFFECTIVELY DEBUNKS ATROCITY /ORIES1 A TASK :I*1 UN=- TUNATELY1 HI/ORIANS >E NOT (T5 WILL+ TO UND]TAKE1 P>TICUL>LY :5 !SE /ORIES >E US$ TO DISCR$IT NATIONAL OR CLASS 5EMIES4 ,BR5AN SAYS ?AT ALREADY 9 #ahgc ! MO/ 9FAM\S /ORIES W]E CIRCU- LAT$ AGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,! ,C>LI/S1 :O W]E ! EQUIVAL5T ( ! ,FASCI/S ( TO-DAY1 ISSU$ TWO PSEUDO-AN>*I/ PAP]S TO GIVE MORE WEI<T TO !IR ATROCITY /ORIES4 ,! FRONT PAGE ( ONE ( !M1 ,LOS ,DESCAMISADOS 7,! ,%IRTLESS71 BORE ! FOLL[+ BATTLE CRY 3 

#i1 HEADS6 ,LET US TE> ! VAULT ( HEAV5 AS ?\< IT W]E A PAP] RO(6 ,PROP]TY IS !FT6 ,COMPLETE1 UTT] SOCIAL EQUALITY6 ,FREE ,LOVE6 

,AFT] ! ,A/URIAN RIS+ ( ,OCTOB] #aicd ACCUSATIONS ( ATROCITIES W]E AGA9 CIRCULAT$ ON A BIG SCALE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S4 ,BR5AN SAYS 3 

,! MO/ 9CR$IBLE TALES W]E SOLEMNLY TOLD & V\*$ =4 ,! NUNS AT ,OYI$O W]E SAID TO HAVE BE5 RAP$3 ! EYES ( TW5TY *ILDR5 ( ! POLICE AT ,TRUBIA W]E SAID TO HAVE BE5 PUT \T3 PRIE/S1 MONKS & *ILDR5 HAD BE5 BURNT ALIVE3 :IL/ ! PRIE/ ( ,SUMA DE ,LAGREO WAS DECL>$ TO HAVE BE5 MURD]$ & HIS BODY HUNG ON A HOOK ) ! NOTICE 0,PIG'S MEAT SOLD H]E0 SUSP5D$ OV] IT4 ,AL?\< ! MOSE C>EFUL SE>* BY 9DEP5D5T J\RNALI/S & ,RADICAL DEPUTIES -- MEMB]S ?AT IS1 ( ! P>TY !N 9 P[] -- REVEAL$ NO TRACE ( ANY ( !SE HORRORS1 & AL?\< ! CONSID]ABLE SUMS RAIS$ = ! TW5TY BL9D$ *ILDR5 HAD TO BE DEVOT$ TO O!R PURPOSES BECAUSE NONE ( !SE *ILDR5 C\LD BE F\ND1 !SE & O!R /ORIES CONT9U$ TO BE REPEAT$ 9 ! ,RI<T-W+ PRESS = MON?S AFT]W>DS4 

,( ! T]RORI/ ME?ODS US$ BY ! ,AN>*I/S AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY ,BR5AN GIVES A V]Y P5ETRAT+ EXPLANATION P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT AS !SE ACTS >E ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY CONDEMN$ & >E /ILL HELD AGA9/ ,AN>*ISM 3 

,! N9ETIES W]E EV]Y:]E ! P]IOD ( AN>*I/ T]RORISM4 ,WE HAVE SE5 H[ ! LOSS ( ITS WORK+-CLASS ADH]5TS & ! /UPIDITY ( ! POLICE REPRESSION L$ TO ?IS4 ,BUT !RE W]E O!R CAUSES AS WELL4 ,! REIGN ( ! B\RGEOISIE WAS N[ AT ITS HEI<T4 ,! MEANNESS1 !IR ,PHILIS- T9ISM1 !IR 9SUFF]ABLE SELF-RI<TE\SNESS WEI<$ UPON EV]Y?+4 ,!Y HAD CREAT$ A WORLD ?AT WAS BO? DULL & UGLY & !Y W]E SO FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ 9 IT ?AT IT SEEM$ HOPELESS EV5 TO DREAM ( REVOLUTION4 ,! DESIRE TO %AKE BY SOME VIOL5T ACTION ! COMPLAC5CY ( ?IS HUGE1 9]T & /AGNANT MASS ( MIDDLE-CLASS OP9ION BECAME IRRESI/IBLE4 ,>TI/S & WRIT]S %>$ ?IS FEEL+4 ,ONEI MU/ PUT SU* BOOKS AS ,FLAUB]T'S ,B\V>D ET ,PECU*ET & ,HUYSMAN'S ,A ,REB\RS1 ,BUTL]'S & ,WILDE'S EPIGRAMS & ,NIETZS*E'S SAVAGE \TBUR/S 9 ! SAME CATEGORY AS ! BOMBS ( ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,TO %OCK1 TO 9FURIATE1 TO REGI/] ONE'S PROTE/ BECAME ! ONLY ?+ ?AT ANY DEC5T OR S5SITIVE MAN C\LD DO4 

,ONE C\LD MAKE MANY MORE QUOTATIONS TO %[ ?AT ,BR5AN'S ATTITUDE IS NOT HAMP]$ BY PREJUDICES & ?AT HIS JUDGM5TS >E NOT DELIV]$ ACCORD+ TO A FIX$ CODE ( B\RGEOIS MORALITY4 

 "9 "9 "9 

,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? IS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE P>TS4 ,! FIR/ P>T DESCRIBES ! HI/ORY ( ! OLD REGIME1 & ?AT IS TO SAY ! POLITICAL REGIMES 9 ,SPA9 FROM #ahgd TO #a#i#c#a4 ,?IS P>T IS MO/LY A *RONICLE ( EV5TS4 

,! SECOND P>T :I*1 FROM A SOCIAL PO9T ( VIEW1 IS ! MO/ 9T]E/+1 DEALS 9 DETAIL ) ! CONDITIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASSES & CONTA9S A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( 3 ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION1 ! ,AN>*I/S1 ! ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ! ,C>LI/S1 ! ,SOCIALI/S4 

,! ?IRD P>T DEALS ) ! EV5TS 9 ,SPA9 AFT] #a#i#c#a1 AFT] ! FALL ( ! MON>*Y & ! 9/ITUTION ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,IT CONTA9S A *APT] ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT & A %ORT SKET* ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> FROM #a#i#c#f-#c#i4 

,IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT ! NUMB] ( SUBJECTS TREAT$ JU/IFIES ! SUB- TITLE ( ! BOOK3 0,AN ACC\NT ( ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL BACKGR\ND ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>40 ,ALL ! =CES :I* CAME TO CLA% DUR+ ! REVOLUTION >E ANALYZ$ H]E FROM !IR BIR? & ! /UDY ( ?IS BOOK IS 9DISP5SABLE IF ONE IS TO UND]/& PROP]LY ! ,CIVIL ,W> ITSELF4 

,P>TS ( ! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? >E ( P>TICUL> 9T]E/ TO ,AN>- *I/S & ,I %\LD LIKE TO DEAL ) !M AT L5G? AT ! RISK ( GIV+ !M A PROM95CE :I* !Y DO NOT ATTA9 9 ! BOOK ITSELF4 

,! FIR/ PO9T ( 9T]E/ TO ,AN>*I/S IS ! RELATION BETWE5 ,AN>*ISM & ! COMMUNALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA94 ,SPA9 RESEMBLES ,EUROPE ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :5 COMMUNES HAD A GREAT DEAL ( AUTO- NOMY & :5 EA* MEMB] PLAY$ AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 ! RUNN+ ( ! COMMUNITIES4 ,UNLIKE ! COMMUNES 9 ,M$IEVAL ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE & ,ITALY1 :I* FL\RI%$ MO/LY 9 ! T[NS & W]E COMPOS$ ( >TISANS & M]*ANTS1 ! COMMUNES 9 ,SPA9 EXI/$ MO/LY 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE & W]E COMPOS$ ( PEASANTS1 H]DSM51 %EPH]DS4 ,!RE W]E ALSO COMMUNES ( FI%]M5 ON ! COA/4 ,PROV9CIAL & MUNICIPAL FEEL+ WAS !RE=E V]Y /RONG & EV]Y T[N WAS ! C5T] ( AN 9T5SE SOCIAL LIFE4 ,?IS AUTONOMY ( ! T[NS & VILLAGES ALL[$ ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ! PEOPLE'S 9ITIATIVE & R5D]$ !M = MORE 9DIVIDUALI/IC ?AN O!R NATIONS1 ?\< AT ! SAME TIME DEVELOP+ ! 9/9CT ( MUTUAL AID :I* HAS ELSE:]E BE5 ATROPHI$ BY ! GR[? ( ! /ATE4 

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO UND]/& ,SPA9 IF ONE HAS NOT READ ,MUTUAL ,AID1 &1 9DE$1 SOME ( ! PAGES ( ! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? W\LD =M A VALUABLE SUPPLEM5T TO ,KROPOTK9'S WORK4 ,SPANI% COMMUNALI/ 9/I- TUTIONS W\LD HAVE (F]$ ,KROPOTK9 A TREM5D\S AM\NT ( MAT]IAL TO ILLU/RATE HIS !ORY ( ,MUTUAL ,AID1 BUT IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ! MAT]IAL WAS NOT AVAILABLE TO HIM AT ! TIME4 ,BR5AN'S BOOK HAS FILL$ ! GAP TO A GREAT EXT5T BY GIV+ EXAMPLES ( AGRICULTURAL & FI%]MAN'S COMMUNITIES :I* HAVE SURVIV$ ?R\< C5TURIES1 9DEP5D5T ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:ILE COMMUNES 9 ! RE/ ( ,EUROPE W]E GRADUALLY ABSORB$ BY ! /ATE & HAD LO/ MO/ ( !IR LIB]TIES & PRIVILEGES BY ! MIDDLE ( ! ,X,H,I? C5TURY !Y SURVIV$ MU* LONG] 9 ,SPA94 

,!RE IS ( C\RSE NO?+ V]Y REM>KABLE AB\T ?IS COMMUNAL SY/EM ( CULTIVAT+ ! L&4 ,IT WAS ONCE G5]AL-- 9 ,RUSFEIA 7! MIR_* 9 ,G]MANY 7! FLURZWANG71 9 ,5GL& 7! OP5-FIELD SY/EM74 ,:AT IS1 REM>KABLE IS ?AT 9 ,SPA9 ! VILLIAGE COMMUNITIES SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ ON ?IS BASIS AN EXT5SIVE SY/EM ( MUNICIPAL S]VICES1 TO ! PO9T ( !IR SOMETIMES REA*+ AN ADVANC$ /AGE ( COMMUNISM 444 ,ONE MAY ASK :AT !RE IS 9 ! ,SPANI% *>ACT] OR 9 ! ECONOMIC CIRCUM- /ANCES ( ! C\NTRY ?AT HAS L$ TO ?IS SURPRIS+ DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! PECULI> AGR>IAN CONDITIONS ( ! ,P59SULA1 ! GREAT ISOLATION ( ! MANY VILLAGES & ! DELAY 9 ! GR[? ( EV5 AN ELEM5T>Y CAPITALI/ SY/EM HAVE ALL PLAY$ !IR P>T4 ,BUT !Y HAVE NOT BE5 ! ONLY FACTORS AT WORK4 ,:5 ONE CONSID]S ! NUMB] ( GUILDS OR CONFRAT]NITIES ?AT TILL REC5TLY [N$ L& & WORK$ IT 9 COMMON TO PROVIDE OLD AGE & SICKNESS 9SURANCE = !IR MEMB]S3 OR SU* POPUL> 9/ITUTIONS AS ! ,CORT DE LA ,SEO AT ,VAL5CIA :I* REGULAT$ ON A PURELY VOLUNT>Y BASIS A COMPLICAT$ SY/EM ( IRRIGATION3 OR ELSE ! SURPRIS+ DEVELOPM5T 9 REC5T YE>S ( PRODUCTIVE COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES 9 :I* PEASANTS & FI%]M5 ACQUIR$ ! 9/RUM5TS ( !IR LABOR1 ! L& !Y NE$$1 ! NECESS>Y 9/ALLATIONS & BEGAN TO PRODUCE & SELL 9 COMMON3 ONE HAS TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ,SPANI% WORK+-CLASSES %[ A SPONTANE\S TAL5T = COOP]ATION ?AT EXCE$S ANY?+ ?AT CAN BE F\ND TO-DAY 9 O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 

,:5 ONE TAKES 9TO ACC\NT ! F]TILE GR[? ( COMMUNI/IC 9/ITUTIONS1 ! MUTUAL AID DISPLAY$ AMONG PEASANTS1 FI%]M5 & >TISANS1 ! SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE 9 ! T[NS & VILLAGES1 IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO UND]/& :Y AN>*I/ IDEAS F\ND SU* A PROPITI\S SOIL 9 ,SPA94 

,! !ORIES ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 & ( ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 9 P>TICUL>1 >E BAS$ ON ! BELIEF ?AT M5 >E B\ND TOGE!R BY ! 9/9CT ( MUTUAL AID1 ?AT !Y CAN LIVE HAPPILY & PEACEFULLY 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 ,BAKUN9 ?R\< HIS NATURAL SYMPA?Y = ! PEASANTS1 ,KROPOTK9 ?R\< HIS /UDY ( ! LIFE ( ANIMALS1 ( ! PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES & ! ,MIDDLE-,AGES1 HAD BO? REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT M5 >E ABLE TO LIVE HAPPILY & %[ !IR SOCIAL & CREATIVE ABILITIES 9 A SOCIETY FREE FROM ANY C5TRAL & AU?AORIT>IAN GOV]NM5T4 

,!SE AN>*I/ !ORIES CORRESPOND TO ! EXP]I5CES ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 ,:]EV] !Y W]E FREE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9DE- P5DNTLY !Y HAD IMPROV$ !IR LOT1 BUT :5 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T ( ,MADRID ?R\< ! L&LORDS1 ! PETTY BUREAUCRATS1 ! POLICE & ! >MY1 9T]F]$ ) !IR LIVES1 IT ALWAYS BR\<T !M OPPRESSION & POV]TY4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY ) ITS DI/RU/ ( ! SOCIAL 9/9CTS ( M51 ) ITS BELIEF 9 A C5TRAL1 ALL-WISE AU?ORITY1 W5T AGA9/ ! AGE-LONG EXP]I5CE ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,IT DEM&$ FROM !M ! SURR5D] ( ! LIB]TIES !Y HAD F\<T H>D TO PRES]VE ?R\< C5TURIES & = ?AT REASON NEV] ACQUIR$ ! 9FLU5CE :I* ! ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T ATTA9$4 

,ANO!R CAUSE = ! RAPID & EXT5SIVE GR[? ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA9 WAS1 ACCORD+ TO ,BR5AN1 ! 9T5SE RELIGI\S FEEL+S ( ! PEOPLE1 P>TICUL>LY ! PEASANTS4 ,?IS MAY AT FIR/ SEEM P>ADOXICAL4 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA91 P]HAPS MORE ?AN 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY1 BITT]LY ATTACK$ RELIGION & ! ,*UR*4 ,!Y ISSU$ HUNDR$S ( BOOKS & PAMPHLETS D5\NC+ ! FALLACY ( RELIGION & ! CORRUPTION ( ! ,*UR*2 !Y EV5 W5T AS F> AS BURN+ *UR*ES & KILL+ PRIE/S4 

,BR5AN DOES NOT IGNORE ?IS1 BUT HE DI/+UI%ES BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN BELIEFS ( ! ,SPANI% MASSES & !IR 9T5SE DISLIKE ( ! ,*UR*1 & ONE MU/ ADMIT ?AT HIS 9T]PRETATION ( ! RELATION BETWE5 RELIGION & ,AN>*ISM IS V]Y CONV9C+4 

,HE DESCRIBES ! ,SPANI>DS1 & 9 P>TICUL> ! PEASANTS1 AS A V]Y RELIGI\S PEOPLE4 ,BY RELIGION HE DOES NOT MEAN1 ( C\RSE1 BELIEF 9 & SUBMISSION TO ! ,*UR* BUT A FAI? 9 SPIRITUAL VALUES1 9 ! NE$ = M5 TO RE=M !MSELVES1 9 ! FRAT]NITY :I* %\LD EXI/ AMONG ALL M54 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,X,I,X? C5TURY A G5]AL DECAY ( RELIGI\S FAI? TOOK PLACE1 BUT RELIGION HAD MEANT SO MU* TO ! POOR ?AT !Y W]E LEFT ) ! HUNG] = SOME?+ TO REPLACE IT & ?IS C\LD ONLY BE ONE ( ! POLITICAL DOCTR9ES1 ,AN>*ISM OR ,SOCIALISM4 ,AN>*ISM BY ITS 9SI/5CE ON BRO!RHOOD BETWE5 M51 ON ! NECESSITY = A MORAL REG5]ATION ( MANK9D1 ON ! NE$ = FAI?1 CAME NE>] TO ! ,*RI/IAN IDEAS ( ! 4,SPANI% PEASANT ?AN ! DRY1 S\LLESS1 MAT]- IALI/IC !ORIES ( ! ,M>XI/S4 ,! ,SPANI% PEASANTS TOOK LIT]ALLY ! FREQU5T ALLUSIONS 9 ! ,SCRIPTURES TO ! WICK$NESS ( ! RI*2 ! ,*UR* ( C\RSE C\LD NOT ADMIT ?IS4 ,! ,SPANI% PEOPLE 9 !IR TURN C\LD NOT =GIVE ! ,*UR* = HAV+ AB&ON$ ! TEA*- +S ( ,*RI/ NOR C\LD ! ,*UR* =GIVE !M = 9T]PRET+ TO ! LETT] ! TEA*+S ( ! GOSPELS4 ,BR5AN SUGGE/S ?AT ! ANG] ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S AGA9/ ! ,*UR* IS ! ANG] ( AN 9T5SELY RELIGI\S PEOPLE :O FEEL ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 DES]T$ & DECEIV$4 

,BR5AN =SAW ?AT HIS 9T]PRETATION W\LD GIVE RISE TO MANY CRITICISMS 7FROM ! ,AN>*I/S & EV5 MORE FROM RELIGI\S PEOPLE71 & HE SAYS 3 

,IT MAY BE ?\<T ?AT ,I HAVE /RESS$ TOO MU* ! RELIGI\S ELEM5T BECAUSE ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM IS AFT] ALL A POLITICAL DOCTR9E4 ,BUT ! AIMS ( ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ALWAYS MU* WID] & !IR TEA*+S MORE P]SONAL ?AN ANY?+ :I* CAN BE 9CLUD$ UND] ! WORD POLITICS4 ,TO 9DIVIDUALS !Y (F]$ A WAY ( LIFE3 ,AN>*ISM HAD TO BE LIV$ AS WELL AS WORK$ =4 

,?IS IS A V]Y IMPORTANT PO9T4 ,! ,AN>*I/S DO NOT AIM ONLY AT *ANG+ ! GOV]NM5T OR ! SY/EM2 !Y AIM ALSO AT *ANG+ ! PEOPLE'S MODE ( ?9K+ & LIV+1 :I* HAS BE5 W>P$ BY YE>S ( OPPRESSION4 

,:ATEV] ! CAUSE ( ?IS ATTITUDE1 :E!R RELIGI\S OR O!RWISE1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS IT4 ,AN>*I/S >E ALWAYS ACCUS$ ( HAV+ A NEGATIVE CRE$1 BUT CRITICS OV]LOOK ?AT ,AN>*ISM ?R\< ITS ATTEMPTS TO R5D] M5 BETT] EV5 UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM IS 9 FACT DO+ SOME POSITIVE & V]Y USEFUL WORK4 

,BR5AN HAS SE5 ?IS V]Y CLE>LY & HE REFUSES TO JUDGE ! ,AN>- *I/S ?R\< !IR MAT]IAL A*IEVEM5TS ALONE4 ,HE DOES NOT CONSID] M]ELY ! NUMB] ( /RIKES !Y HAVE C>RI$ \T1 ! RISES 9 WAGES !Y HAVE OBTA9$ OR ! P>T !Y HAVE PLAY$ 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,!IR ROLE1 HE SAYS1 %\LD BE JUDG$ NOT 9 POLITICAL T]MS BUT 9 MORAL ONES1 A FACT :I* IS ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY IGNOR$4 

,= EXAMPLE1 ! ROLE ( ,AN>*I/S 9 $UCAT+ ! ,SPANI% MASSES IS (T5 OV]LOOK$4 ,:ILE ! ,SOCIALI/S ?\<T ?AT $UCATION WAS A MATT] = ! /ATE TO DEAL )1 ! ,AN>*I/S BELIEV$ 9 />T+ WORK IMM$IATELY4 ,AS E>LY AS ! MIDDLE ( ! LA/ C5TURY ,AN>*I/S =M$ SMALL CIRCULES 9 T[NS & VILLAGES :I* />T$ NI<T S*OOLS :]E MANY LE>N$ TO READ4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS C5TURY ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A SPREAD RAPIDLY ?R\< ! C\NTRY-SIDE & IT WAS ALWAYS ACCOMPANI$ ) EF=TS TO $UCATE ! MASSES4 ,! ,AN>*I/ PRESS NOT ONLY PUBLI%$ BOOKS BY ,KROPOTK91 ,BAKUN9 & ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S W]E AVIDLY READ4 ,! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAD SEV]AL DAILIES1 BUT MORE IMPORTANT P]HAPS WAS ! GREAT NUMB] ( PROV9CIAL PAP]S4 ,9 A RELATIVELY SMALL PROV9CE LIKE ,&ALUSIA BY ! 5D ( #aiah MORE ?AN #e T[NS HAD LIB]T>IAN NEWSPAP]S ( !IR [N4 ,! WORK ( $IT+ !SE NEWSPAP]S MU/ HAVE PROVID$ ! MEMB]S ( ! MOVEM5T ) A GOOD DEAL ( $UCATION & EXP]I5CE4 ,! WORK ( ,F4 ,F]R] 9 SETT+ UP FREE S*OOLS1 ! FIR/ \TSIDE ! CONTROL ( ! ,*UR*1 IS WELL KN[N4 

,?IS $UCATION WAS NOT LIMIT$ TO BOOK KN[L$GE ALONE4 ,AN>- *I/S W]E EXPECT$ TO GIVE A GOOD EXAMPLE BY !IR PRIVATE LIVES4 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 ! ,AN>*I/ DAILY1 9 AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#b#b1 SAYS ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ %\LD SET \T TO HAVE A MORAL ASC5DANCY OV] O!RS4 ,HE %\LD OBTA9 PRE/IGE 9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S BY HIS CONDUCT 9 ! /REET1 9 ! WORK%OP1 9 HIS HOME & DUR+ /RIKES4 

,!Y W]E EQUALLY ANXI\S TO BR+ HONE/Y 9 ! MATT] ( SEX4 ,BR5AN SAYS2 

,AN>*I/S1 IT IS TRUE1 BELIEVE 9 FREE LOVE -- EV]Y?+1 EV5 LOVE1 MU/ BE FREE -- BUT !Y DO NOT BELIEVE 9 LIB]T9AGE4 ,SO 9 ,MALAGA !Y S5T MISSIONS TO ! PRO/ITUTES4 ,9 ,B>CELONA !Y CLEAN$ UP ! CAB>ETS & BRO!LS ) A ?OR\<NESS ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,*UR* 7:I* FR[NS ON OP5 VICE1 SU* AS WE>+ A BA?+ DRESS )\T A SKIRT & SLEEVES1 BUT %UTS ITS EYES TO 'SAFETY VALVES'7 W\LD NEV] APPROVE (4 

,! ,AN>*I/S TRI$ TO LIVE UP TO !IR IDEALS )9 ! MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,!Y HAD NO PAID BUREAUCRACY LIKE ! O!R P>TIES4 ,9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,SPA91 :]E !RE IS ! GREATE/ DI/RU/ = MONEY & ?OSE :O SEEK IT1 ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,AN>*I/S BR\<T !M ! SYMPA?Y ( ! MASSES4 ,BR5AN PO9TS \T SEV]AL TIMES ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ LEAD]S W]E NEV] PAID & ?AT 9 #a#i#a#h1 :5 !IR TRADE UNION1 ! ,C4,N4,T41 CONTA9$ OV] A MILLION MEMB]S1 IT HAD ONLY ONE PAID SECRET>Y4 

,BR5AN'S BOOK C>RIES AN 5C\RAG+ MESSAGE = ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,?\< HE HIMSELF CONSID]S ,AN>*ISM IMPRACTICABLE1 HE GIVES ABUN- DANT PRO(S ?AT IT IS DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ,SPA94 ,UNLIKE ,FASCISM & ,COM- MUNISM1 IT W\LD NOT HAVE TO RELY ON =EIGN 9FLU5CES TO COME 9TO BE+4 

,! PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID :I* MA9TA9$ ITSELF 9 ! VILLAGE & T[N COMMUNES1 ! ASPIRATION ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE T[>DS LIB]TY1 JU/ICE & ! BRO!RHOOD ( ALL M51 !IR LOVE ( 9DEP5- D5CE :I* GAVE RISE TO F$]ALI/ ASPIRATIONS1 ALL PO9T TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ONLY AN AN>*I/ SY/EM ( SOCIETY WILL BE POSSIBLE 9 ,SPA94 

,H]E ,I MU/ SAY1 H[EV]1 A FEW WORDS ( DISAGREEM5T ) ,BR5AN'S CONCLUSIONS4 ,?\< HE ADMITS ?AT ! >BIT]S ( ,SPA9'S DE/9Y MU/ BE ! WORK] & ! PEASANT1 HE BELIEVES ?AT A GOV]N- M5T 7( ! RI<T K9D ( C\RSE7 MU/ CONTROL ,SPA94 ,HE DOES NOT SAY :]E A GOOD GOV]NM5T CAN BE F\ND4 ,HE DECL>ES ?AT A GOV]N- M5T 9 ,SPA9 %\LD NOT DEP5D ON ! *UR*1 ! >MY OR ! L&- LORDS2 AS ON ! O!R H& HE DOES NOT SEEM TO BELIEVE 9 ! DICTATOR- %IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 7:I* HE RI<TLY CONDEMNS 9 ,RUSSIA7 IT IS DIFFI- CULT TO SEE :Y HE REJECTS SO FIRMLY ! ,AN>*I/ SOLUTION4 

,HE ALSO ADVOCATES /RONGLY ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! L&1 BUT SEEMS TO EXPECT ?AT A 0S5SIBLE GOV]NM5T0 C\LD C>RY IT \T1 :5 HI/ORY %[S ?AT NO GOV]NM5T 9 ,SPA9 WAS EV] PREP>$ TO GO AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! L&LORDS4 

,I ?9K ?AT ,BR5AN HAS EMPHASIZ$ TOO MU* ! AGR>IAN NATURE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS PROBABLY DUE TO ! FACT ?AT HE LIV$ 9 ,&ALUSIA1 A COMPLETELY AGRICULTURAL REGION4 ,9CID5TALLY1 HE WAS CRITI- CIS$ ON ?IS PO9T BY ,H4 ,N4 ,BRA9S=D :O REVIEW$ HIS BOOK 9 ! ,NEW ,/ATESMAN1 & :O SAID 3 

,I WITNESS$ !IR 7! ,AN>*I/S'7 A/ONI%+ SUCCESS DUR+ ! CIVIL W> 9 RUNN+ FACTORIES ) HI< PR9CIPLES AS !IR *IEF EQUIPM5T1 & ,I WAS DEEPLY MOV$ BY ! S*OOLS !Y E/ABLI%$ = ! SORELY TRI$ *ILDR5 ( ,MADRID4 

,BR5AN ALSO ATTA*ES1 9 MY OP9ION1 TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO ! RIVALRY BETWE5 ,MADRID & ,B>CELONA4 ,9 HIS OP9ION ALL ,CA/ILIANS >E AU?ORIT>IANS & ALL ,CATALANS >E 9DEP5D5T & LOV]S ( FRE$OM4 ,TO MA9TA9 HIS !SIS HE MAKES C]TA9 ]RORS ( FACTS :I* IT IS NOT WOR? :ILE TO DISCUSS H]E4 ,HE IS AGA9 F> FROM ! TRU? :5 HE ATTRIBUTES PRACTICALLY ALL ! BURN+ ( *UR*ES TO ,AN>*I/S2 9 FACT ! BURN+ ( *UR*ES OCCURR$ EV]Y:]E SPONTANE\SLY1 & TOOK PLACE SOMETIMES 9 VILLAGES & T[NS :]E !RE W]E NO ,AN>*I/S4 

,H[EV]1 !SE >E MO/LY DETAILS1 & DO NOT PREV5T ! BOOK FROM BE+ A V]Y S]I\S CONTRIBUTION TO ! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,BR5AN1 :O LIV$ SO LONG 9 ,SPA91 SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ITS COMMUNAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & HAS WRITT5 HIS BOOK 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! CRAFTSMAN ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,LIKE !M HE HAS PRODUC$ HIS *EF-D'OEUVRE :I* IS ! TE/ ( HIS LOVE = HIS >T & HIS RESPECT = HIS FELL[ M5 = :OM ! BOOK IS WRITT54 ,! ,SAPNI% ,LABYR9? HAS BE5 CREAT$ ) ?AT PA9/AK+ & DIS9T]- E/$ LOVE :I* *>ACT]IZES ALL LA/+ WORKS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,M,>,I,E ,L,\,I,S,E ,B,],N,],I WAS AN $ITOR ( ,W> ,COMM5T>Y & LAT] ,FRE$OM1 UNTIL H] DEA? AT ! AGE ( #ca 9 #a#i#d#i4 ,%E WAS ! AU?OR ( ,J\RNEY ,?R\< ,UTOPIA 7,R\TL$GE7 & ,NEI!R ,EA/ ,NOR ,WE/ 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 ,H] >TICLE WAS ORIG9ALLY WRITT5 = ,N[ 9 #aidd AS A REVIEW ( ! ORIG9AL $ITION ( ,BR5AN'S BOOK4 ,PUBLI%$ 9 ,AN>*Y _?#e47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidc 3 ,BR5NAN'S ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #f1 #bba 3 ,BR5NAN'S ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,BR5NAN'S ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/