,*APT] #f 
,SUBT]RANEAN ,SWEAT%OPS 9 ,*9AT[N 

#aideaide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSE ,PESOTTA 

,TEXT 3 

,BREAD ,UPON ,! ,WAT]S3 ,*APT] #f 

,SUBT]RANEAN ,SWEAT%OPS 9 ,*9AT[N 

,F,O,O,T,L,O,O,S,E ,= ,A ,D,A,Y1 ,BESSIE ,GOR51 ,BILL ,BUSICK1 & ,I W]E GAY AS WE 
DROVE TO ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 ,WE SANG FRIVOL\S SONGS4 ,BESSIE RECALL$ 
HUMOR\S 9CID5TS 9 ,PHILADELPHIA1 H] HOMET[N1 & ,BILL TOLD ( 
HIS ADV5TURES AS CAMPAIGN MANAG] = ,NORMAN ,?OMAS4 ,WE W]E 
?RILL$ BY ! GR&EUR ( ! SC5]Y1 SAVE :]E IT WAS BLI<T$ BY 
,HOOV]VILLES ON ! $GES ( T[NS4 

,I HAD RECEIV$ A CALL FROM ,9T]NATIONAL ,VISE-,PRESID5T ,ISRAEL 
,FE9B]G TO ADDRESS A DRESSMAK]S' MEET+ 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO & TO 
DO SOME 9T5SIVE ORGANIZATIONAL WORK4 ,HE MET US AT \R HOTEL & 
TOOK US TO D9N]4 

,NEGOTIATIONS W]E !N 9 PROGRESS ) ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO CLOAK 
MANUFACTUR]S1 & ,FE9B]G WAS CONFID5T ?AT A COLLECTIVE 
AGREEM5T W\LD SOON BE REA*$4 ,! DRESSMAK]S1 L$ BY ,DAVID 
,GISNET1 MANAG] ( ,CLOAKMAK]S' ,LOCAL #h1 HAD RECEIV$ A *>T] = 
A NEW LOCAL1 ,NO4 #a#a1 FROM ! NATIONAL (FICE4 ,UND] ! ,PRESID5T'S 
,BLANKET ,CODE1 ,GISNET ALREADY HAD COLLECT$ BACK PAY = A 
CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( WORK]S :O HAD SUFF]$ FROM 
WAGE-*ISEL+4 

,SOON MANY 5ROLL$ MEMB]S W]E LAID (F1 = ! FALL SEASON WAS 
OV]1 & !Y DROPP$ \T ( ! UNION4 ,BUT A SMALL MILITANT GR\P 
CLAMOR$ = ORGANIZATION4 ,FE9B]G P]SUAD$ ME TO REMA9 & 
HELP4 ,SAMUEL ,S4 ,:ITE1 Y\NG =M] $ITOR ( ! ,BAK]SFIELD ,LABOR 
,NEWS1 WAS CALL$ AS MANAG] = ! CLOAKMAK]S1 SO ?AT ,GISNET 
MI<T DEVOTE ALL HIS TIME TO ! DRESSMAK]S' PROBLEMS4 

,AB\T #c GIRLS & WOM5 TURN$ \T = ! MEET+ NEXT 
EV5+1 9 UNION HEADQU>T]S AT #gci ,M>KET ,/REET4 

,BILL SPOKE FIR/4 ,USUALLY HE WAS SKILLFUL 9 W>M+ UP AN AUDI5CE1 
BUT IT BECAME APP>5T ?AT ?IS W\LDN'T BE AN EASY TASK N[4 ,HE 
TRI$ SOME ( HIS BE/ ANECDOTES_/SURE FIRE 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES_/BUT !Y 
W]E DUDS 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 

0,:AT A FROZ5 CR[D6 0 HE MURMUR$ BEH9D HIS H& AS HE SAT 
D[N DUR+ ! P]FUNCTORY APPLAUSE4 

0,*E] UP10 ,I :ISP]$4 0,!Y'LL ?AW \T60 

,BESSIE ,GOR5 REPORT$ REC5T DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! ,LOS ,ANGELES 
DRESSMAK]S' LOCAL1 & ,FE9B]G GAVE ! HI<LI<TS ( ! 
NEGOTIATIONS ) ! CLOAK & SUIT MANUFACTUR]S4 ,BY ?IS TIME ! 
AUDI5CE WAS MORE ANIMAT$4 

,I TOLD ( \R A*IEVEM5TS 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 & ( \R H>D%IPS 
!RE1 EXPRESS+ ! HOPE ?AT WE W\LDN'T HAVE TO REPEAT !M H]E4 
,BUT WE MU/ BE PREP>$ = ANY EV5TUALITY4 

0,DON'T SIT >\ND FROZ5 /IFF6 0 ,I ADMONI%$ ! LI/5]S4 0,?IS IS 
Y\R UNION1 & WE'RE H]E ONLY TO HELP Y\4 ,! GA9S WE MAKE WILL 
BE = Y\R B5EFIT4 ,& PLEASE REMEMB] ?AT NO?+ WILL EV] BE 
WON BY WAIT+ >\ND4 ,Y\'VE GOT TO PUT Y\R %\LD] TO ! :EEL 
TO GET AHEAD40 

,IT WAS UND]/OOD ?AT WE W\LD TRY TO AVOID DRA/IC ACTION1 BUT 
!Y MU/ BE READY TO /& BY ! LEAD]%IP4 

,!IR APPLAUSE & SUBSEQU5T S++ ( ,SOLID>ITY ,=EV] 
9DICAT$ ?AT !Y GOT ! PO9T & SAW ! NECESSITY = BUILD+ A 
/RONG UNION4 

,NEXT DAY ,SAM ,:ITE & ,I />T$ ?+S MOV+ BY VISIT+ ! 
NEWSPAP] (FICES4 ,CITY $ITORS W]E RECEPTIVE4 ,WE DETAIL$ \R 
CAMPAIGN PLANS1 & M5TION$ ?AT REFUSAL ( ! DRESS 
MANUFACTUR]S TO MEET ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! UNION MI<T MAKE 
IT NECESS>Y TO PICKET ! /YLE %[1 S*$UL$ = ! FOLL[+ 
WEEK4 ,ONE COLUMNI/ DWELT ON ?AT ANGLE 9 COMM5T+ ON MY 
PRES5CE 9 T[N4 

,AT ! ,DAILY ,NEWS (FICE ,I WAS ASK$ TO POSE = A PICTURE4 

0,W\LD Y\ M9D %[+ A BIT MORE ( Y\R LEGS80 ! 
PHOTOGRAPH] ASK$4 

0,I'M A LABOR ORGANIZ]1 NOT A GLAM\R GIRL10 ,I PROTE/$4 

0,YES1 BUT EV5 A LABOR ORGANIZ] 4 4 40 

,ANYH[ A PICTURE ( ME DID GET 9TO PR9T1 & )\T DO+ 
VIOL5CE TO MY S5SE ( MODE/Y4 ,& ! ,NEWS  US$ A GOOD /ORY 
AB\T ! UNION'S =?COM+ CAMPAIGN4 

,\R ?REAT TO PICKET ! /YLE %[ BR\<T A QUICK RESPONSE FROM 
! EMPLOY]S ?AT !Y W\LD MEET US AFT] IT WAS OV]4 ,WE ACCEPT$ ?IS PROMISE 9 GOOD FAI?1 & :5 ! %[ 5D$ WE CONF]R$ ) !IR SPOKESMAN4 ,AS USUAL !Y TRI$ TO EVADE ! ISSUE1 & RAIS$ OBJECTIONS TO DEAL+ ) ! UNION4 
,ONE OBJECTION WAS ?AT MU* ( !IR WORK HAD BE5 LEAK+ 9TO ,*9AT[N 9 REC5T 
MON?S1 & ?AT S9CE ! ,N,R,A ,CODE ( FAIR COMPETITION HAD BECOME OP]ATIVE !RE 
SEEM$ NO WAY ( /OPP+ ?IS LEAKAGE4 ,:AT GU>ANTEE C\LD ! UNION GIVE ?AT AN 
AGREEM5T W\LD ALSO 9CLUDE ,*9AT[N 8 

0,LEAVE ,*9AT[N \T ( ?IS = ! TIME BE+10 WE >GU$4 0,A COLLECTIVE AGREEM5T 
MU/ BE SIGN$ BY ! GR\P REPRES5T$ AT ?IS CONF]5CE4 ,A SUB/ANTIAL MAJORITY ( ! 
DRESSMAK]S 9 Y\R %OPS IS ALREADY 5ROLL$ 9 ! UNION4 ,AFT] WE SETTLE ) Y\R 
GR\P1 WE WILL PROCE$ TO ,*9AT[N & 9TO O!R 9DU/RIES4 ,IF Y\ 9T5D TO 
DILLY-DALLY1 TRY+ TO /RET* ! TIME UNTIL ! SEASON IS OV]_/\R ONLY ALT]NATIVE IS TO 
REPEAT \R ,LOS ,ANGELES PROC$URE 0 

0,NO6 ,NO ,I 0 ONE ( !M CRI$4 0,WE DON'T WANT A /RIKE4 ,WE CAN'T AF=D ONE H]E4 ,A 
/RIKE RI<T N[ W\LD RU9 US4 ,BUY]S 9 ?IS P>T ( ! C\NTRY AVOID A T[N :]E 
/RIKES DELAY ORD]S AS !Y W\LD POISON40 

,WE HAD WON \R FIR/ SKIRMI%4 

,ON ,?URSDAY1 ,FEBRU>Y #i1 ! ,REGIONAL ,LABOR ,BO>D ) ITS DIRECTOR1 ,GEORGE ,CREEL1 
PRESID+1 HELD A HE>+ ON ! DRESSMAK]S' *>GES ( ,N,R,A VIOLATIONS4 ,SEV]AL H\RS 
LAT]1 ! CLOAKMAK]S' LOCAL /AG$ A MASS MEET+ TO AIR !IR GRIEVANCES AT #c P4M41 :I* 
( C\RSE MEANT A WORK-/OPPAGE4 ,?IS WORRI$ BO? ! CLOAK & DRESS MANUFACTUR]S1 
:O FE>$ IT SIGNIFI$ AN IMM$IATE /RIKE CALL4 ,WE ASSUR$ !M ! CLOAKMAK]S HAD 
0ONLY CALL$ A MASS MEET+40 

,H]E1 TOO1 A SMALL DUAL UNION1 A FRAGM5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,NE$LE ,TRADES' ,9DU/RIAL 
,UNION1 BEGAN TO ISSUE CIRCUL>S ASSAIL+ US4 

,:5 ! CLOAKMAK]S ANN\NC$ !IR MASS MEET+1 ?IS SO CALL$ UNION1 :I* 
REALLY REPRES5T$ NO WORK]S AT ALL1 PUT \T A LEAFLET CALL+ = MOBILIZATION & A MASS 
MEET+ ON ! SAME DAY AT ! SAME H\R4 ,AUDACI\SLY IT SAID ?AT 0AT ?IS MEET+ ! 
QUE/ION ( A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ! CLOAK TRADE WILL BE DECID$ UPON 0 ,! LEAFLET URG$ ?AT 
C]TA9 DEM&S BE MADE UPON ! EMPLOY]S TO =CE AN AGREEM5T 0) REAL 
CONDITIONS0 7:ATEV] ?OSE WORDS MEANT71 & CONT9U$3 0,TO SECURE ALL ?IS1 
RANK-&-FILE LEAD]%IP MU/ BE E/ABLI%$4 ,GU>D AGA9/ FAKE AGREEM5TS & >BITRATION S*EMES4444 ,FI<T = 
BETT] CONDITIONS40 

,NONE ( ! CLOAKMAK]S ATT5D$ ?AT MEET+4 

,! WOM5'S G>M5T MANUFACTUR]S1 FEW] 9 NUMB] ?AN ?OSE 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 & 
PRESUMABLY NOT BACK$ BY ANY \TSIDE ORGANIZATION1 EVID5TLY REALIZ$ ?AT :ILE ,LOS 
,ANGELES WAS NOTORI\S = ANTI-UNIONISM1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO WAS TRADITIONALLY A /RONG UNION 
T[N4 ,MOREOV] ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL 5DORS$ \R CAMPAIGN1 & DESIGNAT$ ITS 
SECRET>Y TO HELP ) \R NEGOTIATIONS4 

,WE PREP>$ A %ORT AGREEM5T :I* PROVID$ = A UNION %OP & ALL ?AT W5T ) 
IT4 ,BUT !RE WAS A NEW HIT*4 ,WE GA!R$ ?AT ! DRESS EMPLOY]S' GR\P HAD CONSULT$ 
! ,9DU/RIAL ,ASSOCIATION1 AN ALLIANCE ( MANUFACTUR]S & M]*ANTS1 & HAD BE5 
ADVIS$ TO /ALL4 

,SOON ! CLOAKMAK]S RATIFI$ !IR PACT ) ! FACTORY [N]S1 :I* EMBODI$ MO/ 
( !IR ORIG9AL DEM&S4 ,! MEMB]%IP SWELL$ 9 NUMB]S1 & IT WAS NECESS>Y = 
,LOCAL #h TO MOVE TO L>G] QU>T]S4 

,CON/ANTLY ! QUE/ION ( WORK LEAKAGE TO ,*9AT[N' CROPP$ UP 9 \R 
CONF]5CES ) ! EMPLOY]S1 & WE FELT WE MU/ DO SOME?+ AB\T IT PROMPTLY4 
,S9CE ! PREVI\S ,AUGU/ ALL ! ,BAY REGION SKIRT-MAK+ BUS9ESS APPE>$ TO HAVE 
VANI%$ 9TO ! ,*9ESE FACTORIES4 ,BL\SE PRODUCTION FOLL[$1 & LATT]LY RAYON 
DRESSES4 

,*ECK+ ! LI/ ( LOCAL DRESS & BL\SE PRODUC]S1 ,I F\ND ! #b MID-T[N %OPS 
HAD TO COMPETE ) #d ,*9ESE-[N$ & ,*9ESE-OP]AT$ E/ABLI%M5TS1 LOCAT$ 
9 ! HE>T ( ,*9AT[N1 :]E ! WORK WAS DONE EXCLUSIVELY BY ,*9ESE4 ,SOME 
FACTORIES EMPLOY$ AS MANY AS #b4 ,! ,*9ESE CONTRACT+ %OPS MADE GOODS = 
MID-T[N & \T-(-T[N JOBB]S4 ,SOME SOLD DIRECTLY TO ! RETAIL TRADE1 TURN+ \T 
EV]Y?+ FROM SILK BL\SES & SILK L\NG+ PAJAMAS TO DUNG>EES & MACK9AWS4 
,!RE WAS KE5 COMPETITION 9 ,*9AT[N1 ) WAGES MIS]ABLY L[1 H\RS LIMITLESS1 
& NO SEMBLANCE ( ANY K9D ( LABOR ORGANIZATION4 

,:5 WE ATTEMPT$ TO L9E UP ! EMPLOYES ( ! CITY'S WOR/ EXPLOIT]1 WE DISCOV]$ ?AT ! BULK ( HIS 0PRODUCT0 WAS BE+ MADE 9 ,*9AT[N4 ,HE TOLD HIS :ITE WORK]S ?AT IF !Y ATT5D$ EV5 ONE ( \R MEET+S HE W\LD S5D ! RE/ ( HIS WORK !RE & CLOSE HIS FACTORY4 ,!Y REMA9$ 9 ! %OP4 

,TO ORGANIZE ! ,*9ESE WORK]S W\LD BE A T\< JOB1 9F9ITELY MORE DIFFICULT ?AN 
DEAL+ ) ! ,MEXICANS4 ,MO/ ( ! WORK%OPS W]E SITUAT$ 9 ,*9AT[N1 ) ITS 
P>ADOXICAL SWANK RETAIL /ORES ON ! /REET FLOOR1 & UNSANIT>Y UND]GR\ND DWELL+S 
BEL[1 AT TIMES ?REE CELL>S DEEP4 

,T\RI/S 9 ,*9AT[N SAW BUT ONE SIDE ( ! PICTURE4 ,!Y MOV$ AMID ! GLITT] ( 
MANY-COLOR$ LI<TS1 VISIT$ WELL-APPO9T$ RE/AURANTS :]E EXCELL5T FOOD WAS 
S]V$1 & %OPP$ 9 LUXURI\S /ORES :I* DISPLAY$ ,ORI5TAL ANTIQUES & >TS & 
CRAFTS ( BYGONE ,MAN*U DAYS4#a ,BEYOND ! $GE ( ! GLITT]1 T\RI/S DID NOT GO2 !Y 
NEV] KNEW ?AT ! %AD[Y ADJAC5T /REETS & N>R[ ALLEYS HID FACTORIES 9 :I* 
CONDITIONS W]E WORSE ?AN 9 ! OLD T5EM5T SWEAT%OPS ON ,NEW ,YORK'S ,EA/ ,SIDE4 

,)9 A FEW SQU>E BLOCKS SOME #a#e1 ,*9ESE W]E CR[D$ 9 T9Y ROOMS ABOVE 
& BEL[ ! /REET LEVEL4 ,WORK%OPS MAK+ ADULT & *ILDR5'S G>M5TS W]E 
CONF9$ *IEFLY TO ?REE SQU>ES4 

,WE BR\<T ! SITUATION TO ! ATT5TION ( ,LEL& ,J4 ,LAZ>US1 *IEF FIELD ADJU/] = 
! ,NATIONAL ,RECOV]Y ,ADM9I/RATION4 ,9 A FEW DAYS ,I WAS 9VIT$ TO ACCOMPANY HIM & 
A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! MANUFACTUR]S' ASSOCIATION ON A VISIT TO SOME ( ! ,*9ESE 
FACTORIES4 

,!Y CALL$ = ME AT ! ,Y,W,C,A1 & TOGE!R WE DROVE TO ,/OCKTON ,/REET4 ,! 
BUILD+ WE 9T5D$ TO 9SPECT FIR/ WAS LOCK$ & )\T LI<TS4 ,WE PROCE$$ TO ! 
NEXT ON ! LI/_/9 A D>K ALLEY1 :]E WE FELT \R WAY TO A DOOR4 

,A KNOCK4 0,:O IS !RE80 FROM 9SIDE4 

0,A GOV]NM5T (FIC]40 

,CAUTI\SLY ! DOOR WAS OP5$ A FEW 9*ES1 & SOME ONE PE]$ AT US ?R\< ! 
N>R[ SPACE4 ,! ,N,R,A 9VE/IGATOR /UCK HIS FOOT 9TO ! OP5+ & =C$ ! DOOR 
WIDE OP54 ,WE HE>D MOVEM5TS )91 & PRES5TLY A DIM UN%AD$ LI<T WAS TURN$ 
ON BY A GRIZZL$ ELD]LY ,*9ESE4 

,TO MY AMAZEM5T ,I SAW A SMALL ROOM1 CONTA9+ HALF A DOZ5 SEW+ MA*9ES4 ,F\R HAD BE5 REMOV$ FROM !IR TABLE BASES1 :I* W]E BE+ US$ 
AS SLEEP+ B]?S4 ,F\R ,*9ESE1 FULLY CLO!D1 SAT UP ON !SE IMPROVIS$ BUNKS1 
RUBB+ !IR EYES4 ,WE LE>N$ SUBSEQU5TLY ?AT !Y W]E BO? [N]S & WORK]S 9 
! FACTORY1 :I* PRODUC$ M5'S & WOM5'S WORK CLO?+_/DUNG>EES1 %IRTS1 
OV]ALLS1 & COV]ALLS4 ,CONTRACTORS = A L>GE MIDT[N MANUFACTUR]1 !Y WORK$ 
:ATEV] H\RS !IR ORD]S DEM&$4 ,WE HAD COME 9 :ILE !Y W]E TAK+ A NAP 
PREP>ATORY TO WORK+ LAT] 9 ! NI<T4 

,MAK+ ! R\NDS1 WE DISCOV]$ ?AT MANY ( ! ,*9ESE FACTORIES HAD BO? DAY & 
NI<T %IFTS1 9 VIOLATION ( ! ,DRESS ,CODE1 :I* EXPRESSLY PROHIBIT$ TWO %IFTS 9 ORD] 
TO SPREAD EMPLOYM5T 9 SLACK P]IODS4 ,?REE /ORIES D[N1 :]E DAYLI<T & FRE% AIR 
NEV] P5ETRAT$1 WE 5T]$ LONG N>R[ L(TS ) B>ELY SPACE 5\< BETWE5 R[S ( 
SEW+ MA*9ES = ONE P]SON TO WALK ?R\<4 ,A WOOD5 P>TITION1 ! HEI<T ( A 
SEAT$ OP]ATOR1 SEP>AT$ ! MA*9ES4 ,?US WORK]S W]E PREV5T$ FROM SEE+ OR 
CONV]S+ ) !IR NEI<BORS4 ,!Y TOIL$ UND] ELECTRIC LI<TS1 SELDOM BRI<T 5\< 
& (T5 UN%AD$4 

,9 !SE HOLES1 UNFIT = HUMAN OCCUPANCY1#b G>M5TS W]E BE+ MADE BY ! 
?\S&S_/COTTON1 SILK1 & RAYON DRESSES1 SKIRTS1 BL\SES1 OV]ALLS1 CORDUROY PANTS1 
%IRTS1 PAJAMAS1 SLACKS1 NURSES' & WAITRESSES' UNI=MS1 %ORTS1 WOM5'S UND]WE>1 & 
*ILDR5'S APP>EL4 

,ON ,GRANT ,AV5UE WE 5T]$ A FA%IONABLE /ORE1 WALK$ D[N /EPS ?AT W]E LITTLE 
MORE ?AN RUNGS ( A LADD] 9TO A CELL>1 & !N DESC5D$ TO A SECOND CELL>4 ,ON BO? 
LEVELS M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 W]E WORK+ SIL5TLY ,! ,N,R,A MAN ASK$ QUE/IONS1 
BUT ! WORK]S1 EI!R GAVE EVASIVE ANSW]S OR 9DICAT$ ?AT !Y C\LDN'T UND]/& 
,5GLI%4 ,MANIFE/LY !Y W]E UNWILL+ TO TELL ANY?+ AB\T !MSELVES OR !IR PAY4 ,IT 
WAS EASY TO SEE ?AT 5=C$ REGULATION ( H\RS OR WAGES WAS IMPOSSIBLE H]E1 S9CE NO 
9QUIR] C\LD LE>N ! H\RS !SE PEOPLE WORK$ OR ! AM\NT ( MONEY !Y 
RECEIV$4 

,WE SAW 5TIRE FAMILIES ( ?REE G5]ATIONS 5GAG$ 9 MAK+ G>M5TS HUSB&1 WIFE1 
GR&P>5TS1 GR&*ILDR54 ,I ASK$ :AT ! Y\NG/]S W]E DO+ !RE SO LATE AT 
NI<T1 & :AT !Y W]E GETT+ = !IR LABOR4 0,!SE >E \R *ILDR510 WAS ! 
ANSW]4 0,!Y'RE WAIT+ = !IR MO!RS TO GO HOME ) !M4 ,:ILE !Y WAIT !Y 
HELP BY PULL+ \T ! BA/+S40 

,ONE EMPLOY] EXPLA9$ ! LATE WORK+ H\RS BY SAY+3 0,!Y CAME BACK TO MAKE 
! BUTTONHOLES10 ADD+ ! BIZ>RE T\* ?AT HIS MO!R-9-LAW WAS WORK+ ON ! 
BUTTONS AT HOME4 

,>\ND #aa O'CLOCK WE RETURN$ TO ,/OCKTON ,/REET1 :]E ! C> WAS P>K$4 ,! 
FACTORY WE HAD F\ND D>K E>LI] WAS N[ BRI<TLY LI<T$1 & PEOPLE W]E MOV+ 
AB\T 9SIDE4 ,AB\T TWO DOZ5 M5 & WOM5 W]E AT WORK4 ,! WOM5 W]E MAK+ 
RAYON DRESSES1 :I* CAME FROM ! JOBB]S ALREADY CUT & PUT UP 9 BUNDLES4 ,! PLACE 
WAS EQUIPP$ ) ! NEWE/ SPECIAL MA*9ES = HEMM+1 MAK+ BUTTONHOLES1 & 
BUTTON-SEW+4 ,SOME ( ! WOM5 W]E OLD1 ) D>K %RIVEL$ SK9S4 ,M5 DID ! 
PRESS+4 

,! EMPLOY]-CONTRACTOR & HIS FAMILY LIV$ 9 ! BASEM5T4 ,!RE HE WORK$ 
BUSILY ) HIS WIFE & !IR F\R *ILDR54 ,ALL ! WORK]S ON BO? FLOORS1 AS 9 EV]Y 
FACTORY WE VISIT$ ?AT NI<T1 W]E CONC5TRAT+ DEEPLY ON !IR TASKS1 H>DLY LOOK+ UP 
AS WE MOV$ AB\T !M & TALK$1 !IR BUSY F+]S NEV] /OPP+ AN 9/ANT4 

,YET :5 WE 5D$ \R EXPLOR+ T\R AFT] MIDNI<T1 ,I F\ND IT H>D TO BELIEVE ?AT 
! ,*9ESE EMPLOY]S W]E AS CALL\S AS !IR :ITE COMPETITORS MADE \T4 ,I ASK$ H[ 
LONG !SE %OPS HAD EXI/$4 

0,! ,*9ESE10 ONE ( MY COMPANIONS ANSW]$1 0HAVE BE5 DO+ NE$LE WORK 9 
,SAN ,FRANCISCO S9CE '#d#i40 

,GO+ HOME ,I BEGAN TO SEE :AT A GREAT TASK IT W\LD BE = ,OCCID5TALS TO E/ABLI% 
ANY K9D ( ORGANIZATION AMONG !SE PEOPLE1 :O1 ?\< RAIS+ A NEW G5]ATION 9 
! C\NTRY :]E MANY ( !M W]E BORN1 LIV$ 9 IT AS UNWANT$ T5ANTS4 ,I KNEW ?AT 
PA/ ATTEMPTS MADE TO APPROA* ! ,*9ESE 9 ! NAME ( \R UNION HAD MET ) 
SUSPICION4 ,9 ! ,*9AT[N /ORES1 ATTEMPTS ( :ITE ,AM]ICANS TO 5GAGE 9 
CONV]SATION USUALLY RAN 9TO SNAGS2 ! TALK WAS HELD CLOSELY TO ! BUS9ESS AT H& BY 
! M]*ANT4 

,! ,N,R,A 9VE/IGATOR PROMIS$ ?AT ! ,*9ESE EMPLOY]S W\LD BE SUMMON$ TO A 
CONF]5CE ! FOLL[+ WEEK UND] F$]AL GOV]NM5T AUSPICES1 & ?AT SEV]AL ( US 
FROM ! ,I,L,G,W,U C\LD ATT5D4 

,BUT ,I WAS NOT CONT5T ) :AT ,I HAD SE54 ,I WANT$ 9SIDE 9=MATION4 ,RECALL+ ?AT 
A LETT] TO A GR\P ( ,*9ESE /UD5TS HAD BE5 GIV5 ME BY A FRI5D 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,I 
WROTE TO ONE ( !M1 & RECEIV$ AN IMM$IATE 9VITATION TO TEA4 

,MY HO/ LIV$ ON ! F\R? FLOOR ( A WALKUP T5EM5T ON ,/OCKTON ,/REET1 ABOVE A 
,*9ESE GROC]Y /ORE4 ,I 5T]$ A D+Y GAS-LIT HALL1 M\NT$ CREAK+ /AIRS1 & 
BREA!D AN ODOR ( /ALE MEATS1 OV]-RIPE FRUITS & VEGETABLES1 & DRI$ FI%1 
EMANAT+ FROM ! BASEM5T4 ,BUT ! ROOM TO :I* ,I WAS ADMITT$ WAS BRI<T & 
*E]FUL4 ,*IH ,L+ & A FRI5D1 ,YUNG ,LEE1 BO? CULTUR$ Y\NG M51 WELCOM$ ME4 

,*IH ,L+'S HOME COMPRIS$ A SMALL LIV+ ROOM & KIT*54 ,! WALLS W]E L9$ 
) %ELVES1 CRUDELY MADE & UNPA9T$1 BUT CR[D$ ) BOOKS & PAMPHLETS4 
,BR[S+ ?R\< !SE1 ,I F\ND NUM]\S ,5GLI% & ,FR5* WORKS1 AS WELL AS ?OSE 9 
,*9ESE4 ,OBVI\SLY !Y HAD BE5 READ REPEAT$LY4 ,ON SOME ( ! PAMPHLETS W]E ! 
FAMILI> PORTRAITS ( ,L9COLN1 ,WA%+TON1 ,SUN ,YAT-,S51 ,*IANG ,KAI-%EK1 ,H4 ,G4 ,WELLS1 
,K>L ,M>X1 ,KROPOTK91 ,PR\DHON1 ,JAURES1 & O!R WRIT]S & SOCIAL RE=M]S4 ,SEV]AL 
NATIONAL J\RNALS ( OP9ION W]E SCATT]$ AB\T ! ROOM4 

,MY NOTE HAD EXPLA9$ ! REASON = MY BE+ 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 & ,*IH ,L+ HAD 
MOV$ SWIFTLY TO BE HELPFUL4 ,PRES5TLY TWO Y\NG ,*9ESE WOM5 >RIV$1 G>M5T 
WORK]S1 COM+ DIRECTLY FROM A NE>BY ,*9AT[N %OP4 ,!Y BR\<T !IR CONTRIBUTION 
TO ! P>TY_/LIT*I NUTS & ALMOND CAKES4 ,!SE GIRLS W]E ,AM]ICANBORN1 ,*RI/IANS1 
TRIMLY DRESS$ 9 %ORT DRESSES MADE 9 ,*9ESE /YLE1 ) FRE% P]MAN5TS & LONG 
SC>LET F+]-NAILS4 

,\R HO/ BEGAN TO TELL !M AB\T ME & ! ,I,L,G,W,U 9 ,5GLI%1 BUT AFT] A FEW 
S5T5CES SWIT*$ TO HIS [N LANGUAGE4 ,SOON ! F\R W]E 9 RAPID CONV]SATION1 !IR 
FACES LI<T+ UP & CL\D+ BY TURNS4 ,= SEV]AL M9UTES ?IS KEPT UP1 :ILE ,I SAT 
/UDY+ ! E>NE/ EXPRESSIONS ON ?OSE CLE>-SK9N$ FACES & SIPP+ MY TEA4 ,!N ! TALK 
/OPP$1 & ,HILDA ADDRESS$ ME4 

,*OOS+ H] WORDS C>EFULLY1 %E EXPLA9$ :Y GIRLS 9 ! ,*9ESE FACTORIES W\LD 
NOT JO9 \R UNION4 

,FIR/1 !Y W]E AFRAID ( !IR P>5TS4 ,SECOND1 9 NE>LY EV]Y 9/ANCE MO/ ( ! 
EMPLOYES 9 ! ,*9ESE CONTRACT+ FACTORIES W]E K9 ( ! [N]1 REG>D$ HIM AS A 
B5EFACTOR1 & W\LD NOT GO AGA9/ HIS WI%ES4 ,?IRD1 !Y W\LD LOSE !IR JOBS1 & 
PROBABLY W\LD NEV] BE ABLE TO GET O!RS4 

,?IS LA/ REASON DID NOT SEEM 9SURM\NTABLE4 ,I TOLD ! F\R ?AT IF ANY ,*9ESE GIRL 
LO/ H] JOB1 ! UNION W\LD SEE ?AT %E GOT ANO!R1 9 ONE ( ! ORGANIZ$ PLANTS4 

,*IH ,L+ 9T]RUPT$4 0,MY DE> FRI5D10 HE SAID K9DLY1 AS IF SPEAK+ TO A *ILD1 0Y\ 
DO NOT SEEM TO UND]/& ,HILDA'S PR$ICAM5T4 ,:AT %E TELLS Y\ IS CORRECT40 

,I P]SI/$ 9 MY >GUM5T4 

0,H[ LONG HAVE Y\ BE5 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 80 ,YUNG ,LEE 9QUIR$4 

0,S9CE ,FEBRU>Y FIR/40 

0,!N Y\ DON'T KN[ \R HI/ORY ON ! ,PACIFIC ,COA/40 

,ASK+ MY 9DULG5CE1 ,YUNG1 9 HIS IMPECCABLE ,5GLI%1 TRAC$ = ME1 ) OCCASIONAL 
9T]POLATIONS FROM ,*IH & ! GIRLS1 ! /ORY ( :AT ! ,*9ESE HAD UND]GONE 
?R\<\T ! ,F> ,WE/1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,CALI=NIA1 S9CE ! ,SEV5TIES4 

,A GRIM N>RATIVE ( :ITE EXPLOITATION ( ,*9ESE LABOR1 !N REACTION & 
DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ ! ,*9ESE BOL/]$ BY LAW ,& )\T LAW1 !RE WAS A GREAT 
DRIVE AGA9/ !M 9 :I* !Y W]E ROBB$1 BEAT5 BY MOBS1 & WANTONLY KILL$4444 ,ALL 
?IS WAS NEW TO ME4 ,I LI/5$ A<A/4 

,YUNG TOLD ( ! FIR/ ,*9ESE 9 ,CALI=NIA1 TWO M5 & A WOMAN1 BR\<T BY SAIL+ 
%IP TO ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 9 #a#h#d#h4 ,AFT] ! DISCOV]Y ( GOLD 9 ! ,SACRAM5TO VALLEY1 
,*9ESE CAME 9 L>GE NUMB]S4 ,! LURE ( 0EASY =TUNES0 WAS HELD \T TO !M BY 
CAPTA9S ( %IPS T\*+ ! PORT ( ,HONGKONG1 :O ?US FILL$ !IR VESSELS ) 
PASS5G]S = ! RETURN VOYAGE TO ,AM]ICA4 

,PUBLIC (FICIALS 9 ,CALI=NIA WELCOM$ ! ,*9ESE 9 ?OSE E>LY YE>S1 PRAIS+ !IR 
9DU/RY1 HONE/Y1 & RESPECT = LAW4 ,IT DID NOT TAKE ! NEWCOM]S LONG TO REALIZE ?AT 
?IS FRI5DL9ESS WAS DUE TO ! ,AM]ICANS' NE$ = !IR LABOR4 ,MANY ,*9ESE W5T TO ! GOLD DIGG+S1 BUT ,YUNG 
NEV] HE>D ( ANY ( !M MAK+ A =TUNE !RE4 ,= ! :ITE M5 TOOK ALL ! GOOD 
CLAIMS1 & ! ,ORI5TALS W]E LEFT TO WORK ! 0TAIL+S10 CLAIMS AB&ON$ BY ! :ITES4 
,EA* ,*9ESE1 TOO1 HAD TO PAY A TAX ( @s#d A MON? = A M9]'S LIC5SE1 :I* ! :ITES 
DID NOT HAVE TO PAY4 

,NUMB]LESS ,*9ESE BECAME LABOR]S 9 ! M9ES AT L[ WAGES1 :ILE O!RS WORK$ 
AS COOKS & LAUNDRYM51 BECAME VEGETABLE G>D5]S1 OR HIR$ \T TO F>M]S4 ,MANY 
W]E UTILIZ$ TO DRA9 GREAT /RET*ES ( SWAMP L&S4 

,:5 ! FIR/ TRANSCONT95TAL RAILROAD WAS BE+ BUILT 9 ! ,SIXTIES1 ! CONTRACTORS 
W]E DESP]ATE = A LABOR SUPPLY4 ,!Y TRI$ TO RECRUIT SUFFICI5T :ITE M5 = ?IS H>D 
WORK1 BUT COMP>ATIVELY FEW :ITES W]E WILL+4 ,SO ! RAILROAD HEADS S5T TO ,*9A1 & 
BR\<T OV] CONTRACT LABOR]S BY ! ?\S&S4 

,COMPLETION ( ! RAILWAY />T$ A /REAM ( :ITE WORK]S ROLL+ FROM ! ,EA/ TO ! 
,WE/4 ,DEPRESSION HIT ! ,COA/ & ! ,*9ESE W]E NO LONG] WANT$ 9 ,CALI=NIA4 ,! 
:ITES N[ RES5T$ !IR PRES5CE1 REG>D+ !M AS COMPETITORS4 ,! ,*9ESE LABOR]S 
W]E US$ TO L[ LIV+ /&>DS & WORK$ = LESS PAY ?AN ! :ITES4 ,A GREAT 
ANT-,*9ESE DRIVE WAS BEGUN4#c 

,9 #ahga A ,LOS ,ANGELES MOB LYN*$ #ai ,*9ESE 9 ONE DAY1 BECAUSE ONE ( !IR 
NUMB] WAS SUSPECT$ ( %OOT+ A :ITE MAN4444 ,POLITICIANS MADE CAPITAL ( ! 
S5TIM5T AGA9/ ! ,ORI5TALS1 BR&$ !M AS UNDESIRABLES4 ,CALI=NIA 5ACT$ LAWS 
RE/RICT+ !IR LIB]TIES1 TRI$ TO \/ !M FROM ! /ATE4 

,NE>LY ALL !SE LAWS W]E F\ND UNCON/ITUTIONAL1 BECAUSE !Y VIOLAT$ TREATY 
PROVISIONS1 ! ,CIVIL ,RI<TS ,/ATUTE1 OR ! #a#d? ,AM5DM5T TO ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,BUT 9 
#ahhb ! ,CALI=NIA POLITICIANS RAIS$ SU* A L\D \TCRY AGA9/ 0\R DANG] FROM *EAP 
COOLIE LABOR0 ?AT ,CONGRESS PASS$ ! FIR/ ,*9ESE ,EXCLUSION ,ACT1 B>R+ ALL ,*9ESE 
IMMIGRATION = #a YE>S4 

0,IF \R PEOPLE WORK$ = L[ WAGES10 ,YUNG COMM5T$1 0IT WAS NOT ?R\< *OICE4 
,T5S ( ?\S&S ( !M HAD BE5 URG$ TO COME TO ?IS C\NTRY4 ,!Y TOOK :AT PAY 
!Y C\LD GET1 9 ORD] TO LIVE ,!Y W]E NOT ORGANIZ$ TO RESI/ ! EMPLOY]S :O CUT WAGES40 

,YET ! ,EXCLUSION ,ACT WAS NOT 5\<4 ,VIOL5CE AGA9/ ,*9ESE BROKE \T ANEW 9 
V>I\S P>TS ( ! ,WE/4 ,!Y W]E ROBB$1 BEAT51 MURD]$4 ,HOODLUMS %OT !M 
D[N LIKE DOGS & W]E IMMUNE FROM PUNI%M5T4 ,9 ! ,EI<TIES !RE W]E 
ANTI-,*9ESE RIOTS 9 ,EUREKA & O!R ,CALI=NIA COMMUNITIES1 ) NUM]\S FATALITIES1 
MANY HOMES BURN$1 & MANY DEPORTATIONS4 ,9 ,ROCK ,SPR+S1 _*,WYOM+1 A MOB KILL$ 
#bh ,*9ESE4 

,ADDITIONAL LAWS W]E 5ACT$ TO KEEP ,ORI5TALS \T ( ! C\NTRY1 EXCEPT /UD5TS1 
M]*ANTS1 GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 & O!RS :O MI<T 5T] TEMPOR>ILY1 & TO PROHIBIT 
!IR NATURALIZATION4 ,*9ESE M5 :O HAD E/ABLI%$ LEGAL RESID5CE H]E W]E NOT 
P]MITT$ TO BR+ !IR ,*9A-BORN WIVES 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* =C$ !M TO 
*OOSE BETWE5 CELIBACY & CONSORT+ ) PRO/ITUTES4 

,9 ! FACE ( ! ONSLAU<TS AGA9/ !M1 ! ,*9ESE ON ! ,PACIFIC SLOPE C5T]$ 9 
FI<T COLONIES4 ,9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO MANY ( !M BURR[$ 9TO ! GR\ND1 AWAY FROM ! 
LI<T1 AWAY FROM ! M5AC+ H&S ( ! :ITES :O OPPOS$ !M4 ,H]E !Y 
MULTIPLI$1 & SOME PROSP]$ 9 TRADE1 DESPITE PREJUDICE & DISCRIM9ATION4 ,!Y 
C\LD GET BUS9ESS BY UND]BIDD+ ON PRICES4 

,EV5 9 #aicd ! K9DS ( JOBS OP5 TO ,*9ESE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W]E SEV]ELY 
LIMIT$4 ,UNIV]SITY /UD5TS1 :5 NOT 9 CLASSROOMS1 WORK$ 9 RE/AURANTS1 LAUNDRIES1 
& 9 O!R M5IAL CAPACITIES4 

,& !RE WAS ANO!R DIFFICULTY1 A FAMILY ANGLE4 

0,\R P>5TS LOOK D[N ON US10 ,YUNG EXPLA9$1 0BECAUSE MANY ( MY G5]ATION DO 
NOT SPEAK GOOD ,*9ESE1 & BECAUSE WE HAVE ,AM]ICAN WAYS4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS LACK ( 
LANGUAGE WE W\LD NOT BE WELCOM$ 9 ,*9A1 EI!R4 ,WE >E A LO/ G5]ATION )\T A 
HOMEL&4 ,H]E 9 ! C\NTRY ( \R BIR? WE >E /EP-*ILDR51 & 9 ! C\NTRY ( 
\R =EFA!RS WE >E ALI5S40 

,YES1 ,I WAS BEG9N+ TO SEE4 ,BUT SURELY SOME?+ C\LD BE DONE4 ,! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 
LABOR MOVEM5T W\LD HELP US1 ,I WAS C]TA94 ,I WANT$ TO CONSULT ) MY ASSOCIATES 9 
! UNION4 ,MEAN:ILE ,I ASSUR$ !SE F\R C\RTE\S Y\NG PEOPLE ?AT ! ,*9ESE G>M5T WORK]S W\LD F9D 
A WELCOME 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,I,L,G,W,U4 

,?AT EV5+ ,I CONF]R$ ) ! UNION /AFF & ACTIVE MEMB]S .-,DAVID ,GISNET1 
,JOSEPH ,M9K(F1 ,SAM ,:ITE1 ,E!L ,BLUMB]G1 ,M>Y ,GONZALES1 ,BEATRICE ,LOPEZ1 & ,H5RY 
,ZA*>9_/POS+ ! QUE/ION3 0,:AT %ALL WE DO NEXT80 

,CLE>LY IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CONV9CE ! ,*9ESE WORK]S ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL W\LD 
NOT P]MIT ANY DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ !M1 SO LONG AS !Y W]E WORK+ 9 ! WOM5'S 
G>M5T 9DU/RY & W]E ELIGIBLE TO JO9 \R UNION4 ,MOREOV]1 IT WAS IMPORTANT ?AT WE 
TAKE !M 9TO \R FOLD BECAUSE ( ! DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB] ( ,*9ESE APP>EL 
FACTORIES 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 ,IF !SE REMA9$ UNORGANIZ$1 ! RE/ ( ! LOCAL 9DU/RY 
C\LD NOT CONT9UE TO EXI/ ON A COMPETITIVE BASIS4 

,WE REQUE/$ ,JOHN ,O',CONNELL1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL1 TO COME ) US 
:5 WE MET ! ,*9ESE MANUFACTUR]S & CONTRACTORS4 ,AS (FICIAL SPOKESMAN = ! 
,SAN ,FRANCISCO LABOR MOVEM5T1 WE PO9T$ \T1 HE C\LD CONFIRM \R /ATEM5T ?AT ! 
,I,L,G,W,U WAS READY TO TAKE 9 ALL ! ,*9ESE G>M5T MAK]S4 ,IT NEV] OCCURR$ TO ME TO 
ASK HIM AB\T HIS [N VIEWS ON ! QUE/ION4 

,WE MET N9E ( ! ,*9AT[N EMPLOY]S 9 ! ,N,R,A (FICE4 ,!RE WAS L5G?Y 
>GUM5T4 ,SOME OBJECT$ TO UNIONIZATION & /&>DIZATION ( WORK+ CONDITIONS4 

,*9ESE WORK]S W\LD NOT WORK 9 O!R %OPS1 !Y SAID1 PREF]R+ TO WORK AMONG 
!IR [N CO-RACIALS1 BECAUSE :ITE WORK]S REFUS$ TO SIT SIDE BY SIDE ) ,*9ESE4 
,*9ESE WORK]S W]E SATISFI$ ) !IR CONDITIONS ( WORK1 & !RE WAS NO NE$ = A 
*ANGE4 ,F9ALLY1 !Y ADD$1 ! *ANGES DEM&$ BY \R UNION W\LD 9CREASE 
PRODUCTION CO/S & =CE SOME ( ! SMALL] FIRMS \T ( BUS9ESS4 ,!IR EMPLOYES 
W\LD BE DOOM$ TO CONT9U$ UNEMPLOYM5T4 

0,\R UNION IS READY TO PUT UP A CA% GU>ANTEE10 ,GISNET & ,I ASSUR$ !M1 0TO PLACE 
ANY & ALL :O MAY LOSE !IR JOBS 9 ,*9AT[N 9 UNION %OPS ELSE:]E40 

,I TURN$ TO ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL = V]IFICATION4 0,ISN'T ?AT 
CORRECT1 ,BRO!R ,O',CONNELL80 

0,DAMN RI<T1 ,I SAY ,I ,:Y %\LD !SE ,ASIATICS GET ! JOBS ?AT \R :ITE GIRLS C\LD KEEP80 ,HE SPOKE AS IF HE HAD NOT HE>D MY QUE/ION4 ,WE W]E /UNN$ BY SU* AN ANSW] FROM A REPRES5TATIVE ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 

,TO MY DISMAY1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! ,*9ESE DID NOT HAVE MANY FRI5DS AMONG ! ,SAN 
,FRANCISCO LABOR GR\PS1 & ?AT ALL ,ASIATICS W]E B>R$ FROM UNION MEMB]%IP !RE 
EXCEPT 9 \R [N RANKS4 

,& 9 ! 5D ,I REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS WAS NOT ONLY A ,SAN ,FRANCISCO DRESSMAK]S' PROBLEM4 
,IT WAS CLOSELY B\ND UP ) F$]AL GOV]NM5T POLICY1 ! ,*9ESE ,EXCLUSION ,ACT1 ! 
ATTITUDE ( ! G5]AL LABOR MOVEM5T T[>D ,ASIATICS1 ! SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESI/ANCE ( 
! Y\NG ,*9ESE WORK]S TO UNION $UCATION4 ,\R DRESSMAK]S' LOCAL PREP>$ A /RONG 
RESOLUTION & 9/RUCT$ ITS DELEGATES TO ! ,I,L,G,W,U NATIONAL CONV5TION1 OP5+ 9 
,*ICAGO ON ,MAY #b#h1 TO PRES5T ! CASE = ! ,*9ESE !RE4 ,! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 
DELEGATES W]E ,VISE-,PRESID5T ,FE9B]G1 ,BEATRICE ,LOPEZ1 DRESSMAK]S' EXECUTIVE BO>D 
MEMB]1 ,*>LES ,SILV]1 & MYSELF4 ,9TRODUC$ JO9TLY BY ! ,COA/ DELEGATIONS1 \R 
RESOLUTION WAS ADOPT$ BY ! CONV5TION4 ,IT 5DORS$ A PLAN = A CAMPAIGN TO ORGANIZE 
! ,*9ESE G>M5T WORK]S4 

,I WROTE A DETAIL$ >TICLE ON MY OBS]VATIONS ( ! APPALL+ CONDITIONS 9 ,*9AT[N 
& S5T IT TO ,MAX ,DANI%1 $ITOR ( \R ,9T]NATIONAL'S (FICIAL PUBLICATION1 ,JU/ICE4 ,AFT] 
HE PUBLI%$ IT1 ! >TICLE WAS REPR9T$ 9 SEV]AL =EIGN-LANGUAGE PAP]S & 9 O!R 
LABOR P]IODICALS1 9CLUD+ ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL'S ORGAN1 ! ,LABOR 
,CL>ION1 :I* ALSO US$ AN $ITORIAL CALL+ ATT5TION TO IT4 ,! ,CL>ION DISCUSS$ ! 
PROBLEM ( ! ,*9ESE WORK]S AT SOME L5G?1 ) A QU]Y3 0,DOES !IR ORGANIZATION 
9TO TRADE UNIONS ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION80 ,BUT ! ATTITUDE ( ! CONS]VATIVE UNIONS 9 
,SAN ,FRANCISCO T[>D ! ,*9ESE REMA9$ UN*ANG$1 & ! ISSUE WAS LEFT HANG+ 9 
! AIR4 

,SUBSEQU5TLY1 AFT] ,I HAD BE5 CALL$ TO WORK 9 O!R SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY1 ! 
,9T]NATIONAL ,LADIES' ,G>M5T ,WORK]S' ,UNION *>T]$ A LOCAL 9 ,*9AT[N4 ,YET ! 
SUBT]RANEAN SWEAT%OPS L+]$4 

,9 #a#i#d#c1 H[EV]1 NEW FRI5DL9ESS & SYMPA?Y = ! ,*9ESE PEOPLE SPREAD 
WIDELY ?R\< ?IS C\NTRY_/BECAUSE ( !IR C\RAGE\S FI<T+ AGA9/ \R COMMON 
5EMY1 ,JAPAN1 & BECAUSE ! ,JAPANESE W]E EMPHASIZ+ ,AM]ICAN DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ ,*9ESE 9 !IR RADIO 
PROPAG&A4 ,SO ,CONGRESS1 9 ,DECEMB]1 REPEAL$ ! ANA*RONI/IC ,*9ESE EXCLUSION 
LAWS & PUT ,*9A'S NATIONALS ON ! SAME QUOTA BASIS AS ?OSE ( O!R NATIONS4 ,IT 
PROVID$ ALSO = !IR NATURALIZATION4 ,?US A LONG-EXI/5T /IGMA WAS REMOV$4 

,) ?IS SOCIAL WALL AT LA/ TORN D[N1 ,I AM CONFID5T ! LABOR MOVEM5T WILL 9 ! 
NE> FUTURE ADMIT ,*9ESE WORK]S TO EQUAL MEMB]%IP4 ,TOGE!R ! TWO RACES WILL 
]ADICATE ! 9DU/RIAL BLI<T ,I SAW 9 ! FETID L[] LEVELS ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO'S ,*9AT[N4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,AFT] ,PE>L ,H>BOR SOME ( ! BE/ %OPS !RE W]E CLOS$ D[N BY ! MUNICIPAL 
AU?ORITIES1 BECAUSE !Y W]E ,JAPANESE-[N$4 

#b4 ,AS LATE A' #aida ACCORD+ TO ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,H\S+ ,AU?ORITY1 APPROXIMATELY #c1 
( ! #c4#h#c DWELL+ UNITS 9 ,*9AT[N W]E TOTALLY )\T HEAT+ EQUIPM5T2 ?REE ,( 
EV]Y FIVE ,*9ESE FAMILIES !RE LIV$ 9 ON OR TWO ROOMS1 (T5 W9D[LESS2 & ! ,*9AT[N TUB]CULOSIS RATE WAS ?REE TIMES ?AT OR ! RE/ ( ! CITY4 

#c4 ,LAT] ,I DUG 9TO BOOKS & O!R RECORDS :I* BORE \T ,YUNG'S /ORY 9 DETAIL4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidd 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/