,*APT] #ac 
,LA/ ,\TPO/ ( ,CIVILIZATION 

#aideaide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSE ,PESOTTA 

,TEXT 3 

,ROSE ,PESOTTA  

,BREAD UPON ! ,WAT]S 

,*,A,P,T,] #ac 

,LA/ ,\TPO/ ( ,CIVILIZATION  

,F,R,O,M ,! ,T,R,O,P,I,C,S TO ! ,NOR?WE/_/FROM 
,PU]TO ,RICO TO ! ,/ATE ( ,WA%+TON4444 ,LATE 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#d1 ,I WAS 
ON MY WAY TO ,SEATTLE AT ,PRESID5T ,DUB9SKY'S REQUE/4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL 
HAD *>T]$ A DRESSMAK]S' LOCAL !RE1 & IT NE$$ BUILD+ UP4 ,CROSS+ 
! CONT95T1 ,I HAD ! ODD EXP]I5CE ( MEET+ ALL F\R SEASONS ( 
! YE> 9 ! C\RSE ( A S+LE WEEK4 

,5 R\TE ,I VISIT$ ,LOS ,ANGELES1 :]E ! DRESSMAK]S HAD ELECT$ A NEW 
EXECUTIVE BO>D1 :I* ,I WAS CALL$ UPON TO 9/ALL4 ,! RIVAL UNION HAD 
BE5 LIQUIDAT$ SOME LIME BE=E4 ,I WAS PR\D TO NOTE H[ WELL \R MEMB]%IP 
HAD C>RI$ \T ! PROGRAM WE HAD *>T$ FOLL[+ ! H>D F\<T G5]AL 
/RIKE 9 #a#i#c#c4 

,9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ! TWO LOCALS HAD =M$ A JO9T BO>D MANAG$ BY 
,SAMUEL ,S4 ,:ITE4 ,! DRESSMAK]S W]E HEAD$ BY ,J5NIE ,MATYAS1 APPO9T$ 
AS AN ORGANIZ] !RE BY ,PRESID5T ,DUB9SKY4 ,= YE>S A RESID5T !RE1 
%E HAD LIV$ AS A GIRL 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 :]E %E HAD HELP$ ,WAI/ ,MAK]S' 
,LOCAL #be MAKE HI/ORY4 

,JANU>Y #b & #c F\ND ME MOV+ NOR?W>D1 FEA/+ MY EYES ON A FASC9AT+ 
PANORAMA_/GIGANTIC R$WOOD TREES1 :ITE-TOPP$ ,M\NT ,%A/A1 ! ,CASCADE 
,M\NTA9S4 ,GREAT /RET*ES ( OP5 L& W]E DOTT$ ) SN[-CAPP$ /UMPS 
:I* HAD ! LOOK ( GIANT MU%ROOMS4 ,ON EI!R SIDE ( ! TRA91 ROADS 
GLI/5$ LIKE PICTURES ( FAIRYL& 9 A *ILD'S BOOK4 

,A COMMITTEE HEAD$ BY ,CLIF=D ,MAY]1 ,MANLY ,LABBY1 & ,SAM ,S*ATZ ( 
,LOCAL #g1 MET ME 9 ! ,PORTL& /ATION4 ,! SAME EV5+ ,I SPOKE AT A 
CLOAKMAK]S' MEET+4 ,IT WAS /IRR+ TO SEE !SE GIRLS ABSORB$ 9 S]I\S 
UNION MATT]S & >GU+ 9TELLIG5TLY AB\T !M4 ,A YE> E>LI] !Y 
HAD KN[N NO?+ AB\T UNIONISM & W]E WORK+ = MIS]ABLE WAGES4 
,N[ !Y HAD LAID A SOLID F\NDATION = A REAL UNION4 ,>RIV+ 9 ,SEATTLE 
,SATURDAY NOON1 ,I REGI/]$ AT ! ,Y,W,C,A & BELIEV+ ,I W\LD /AY H]E 
= SOME TIME1 W5T HUNT+ = AN AP>TM5T4 ,I WAS =TUNATE 9 F9D+ 
A CLEAN1 WELL FURNI%$ PLACE 9 ! ,SPR+ ,AP>TM5TS1 9 ! HE>T ( 
! BUS9ESS SECTION1 A FEW BLOCKS FROM ! ,LABOR ,TEMPLE4 

,UNPACK+ MY ?+S 9 ?IS NEW HOME1 ,I TURN$ ON ! RADIO & SAT 
D[N 9 FRONT ( A BAY W9D[ FAC+ MAGNIFIC5T ,M\NT ,RA9I]1 TOPP$ 
) SN[ ! YE> R\ND6 ,RA9 WAS FALL+1 ! SORT ! ,SCOT* CALL A 
0DRIZZLE-DRAZZLE10 BUT :I* PEOPLE 9 ! ,PUGET ,S\ND C\NTRY 
SPEAK ( AS 0,OREGON MI/40 ,I CONTEMPLAT$ ! M\NTA9 AS IF 
?R\< A VEIL ( GAUZE4 

,! AIR WAS *ILL1 & A GREAT LONEL9ESS PRESS$ D[N UPON ME4 ,I ASK$ 
MYSELF3 0,:AT AM ,I DO+ H]E ALONE8 ,:AT IS 9 /ORE = ME80 
,I GOT \T ( ?AT %AD[ BY PHON+ TWO TRU/$ MEMB]S ( ! ,CLOAKMAK]S' 
,UNION1 ,MEY] ,ROS5B]G & ,LEON ,GLAZ]4 ,AT ! ,GLAZ] HOME1 WE DISCUSS$ 
! PROBLEM ( PUTT+ ! NEW DRESSMAK]S' LOCAL ON ITS FEET4 

,MEY] ,ROS5B]G1 FA!R ( F\R GR[N *ILDR51 & A PIONE] 9 \R 
UNION1 HAD COME FROM ,TOL$O1 ,OHIO4 ,AN ACTIVE MEMB] ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 
HE TOOK ME TO SEV]AL IMPORTANT AFFAIRS1 ONE BE+ ! ANNUAL ,JACKSON ,DAY 
D9N]1 9 ! ,OLYMPIC ,HOTEL4 ,! GUE/ SPEAK] WAS C&ID AB\T ! P>TY'S 
PATRON SA9T1 DWELL+ UPON BO? HIS VIRTUES & WEAKNESSES4 ,ROS5B]G 
ALSO TOOK ME TO MEET ,W>R5 ,G4 ,MAGNUSON1 ! Y\?FUL1 A?LETIC ,DI/RICT 
,ATTORNEY1 S9CE ELECT$ TO ,CONGRESS4 

,LEON ,GLAZ] & HIS SON ,EUG5E BO? WORK$ AS PRESS]S1 ,EUG5E S]V+ 
AS SECRET>Y ( ! LOCAL4 ,ALWAYS READY TO DO ?+S = ! ORGANIZATION1 
UN=TUNATELY HE C\LD NOT MAKE ! PROP] APPROA* TO ! DRESSMAK]S4 
,= ?IS A WOMAN CLE>LY WAS NE$$4 

,ANO!R TELEPHONE CALL BR\<T F\R *E]FUL GUE/S = BREAKFA/ ON 
,SUNDAY4 ,ROSS ,BR[N1 :OM ,I HAD KN[N 9 ! ,EA/1 BR\<T HIS FIANCEE1 
& A TALL Y\NG MAN FROM ,CALI=NIA1 ,R4 ,P4 ,BEV]/OCK1 & HIS WIFE1 ,G5EVIEVE4 
,ROSS HAD ATT5D$ ,COMMONWEAL? ,LABOR ,COLLEGE 9 ,>KANSAS1 & WAS N[ ) 
! ,MA/]S1 ,MATES1 & ,PILOTS' ,UNION4 ,BEV]/OCK1 0,BEV0 TO US1 
WAS A ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY GRADUATE1 & ,SEATTLE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,PACIFIC 
,COA/ ,LABOR ,BUREAU4 

,AFT] BREAKFA/ WE W5T SI<TSEE+ 9 ,ROSS ,BR[N'S C>4 ,HE TOOK US 
TO SEE ! ,SKID ,ROAD1 AS ,YESL] ,WAY IS CALL$1 BECAUSE 9 PIONE] DAYS 
LOGS DRAWN BY OX5 W]E SKIDD$ D[N ?IS LONG SLOP+ ROAD TO ! FIR/ 
SAWMILL1 [N$ BY ,H5RY ,YESL]4 ,! FOOT ( ?AT ?OR\<F>E1 H[EV]1 
HAD A DIFF]5T CONNOTATION 9 LABOR CIRCLES4 ,H]E WAS ! 0SLAVE 
M>KET10 :]E MIGRANT WORK]S S\<T JOBS 9 EMPLOYM5T (FICES ALL 
TOO (T5 CONDUCT$ BY HUMAN %>KS4 ,COLMAN ,DOCK ALSO HAD SPECIAL MEAN+4 
,FROM IT CR[D$ /EAM]S HAD PU%$ (F = ,ALASKA 9 ! ,KLONDIKE GOLD 
RU% ( #a#h#i#g4 ,CLOSE BY W]E ! SITES ( ! FIR/ CAB9S 9 ,SEATTLE4 

,NE> ! WAT]FRONT ! ATMOSPH]E WAS D+Y4 ,BUT ! PROSPECT IMPROV$ 
AS WE RODE ?R\< ! BUS9ESS C5T] & 9TO ! RESID5TIAL SECTIONS4 
,SEATTLE UNQUE/IONABLY HAS *>M4 ,IT IS A MOD]N METROPOLIS1 :I* HAS 
MANAG$ TO PRES]VE A GREAT DEAL ( NATURAL SC5IC BEAUTY4 ,A CITY ( HILLS 
& T]RACES1 :]E MANY HOMES SEEM TO HANG PREC>I\SLY1 SURR\ND$ BY 
LUSCI\S FRUITS & FL[]S4 ,ROSES1 BLOOM+ ALL YE> R\ND1 >E SO L>GE 
& P]FECT ?AT AT TIMES !Y GIVE ! IMPRESSION ( BE+ >TIFICIAL4 

,CLOAKMAK]S' ,LOCAL #bh 9 ,SEATTLE HAD BE5 FUNCTION+ EV] S9CE IT 
WAS *>T]$ 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,I,L,G,W,U REPRES5TATIVES VISIT$ ! ,PACIFIC ,NOR?WE/ 
P]IODICALLY1 & ! LOCAL MEMB]%IP KEPT 9 FREQU5T T\* ) ! 
G5]AL (FICE4 

,! ,SEATTLE DRESSMAK]S1 ALL WOM51 :O MADE H\SE & COTTON DRESSES 
*IEFLY1 NUMB]$ AB\T A ?\S&4 ,AFT] MY VISIT ! PREVI\S SPR+1 
A GR\P ( !SE WOM5 DECID$ TO E/ABLI% A UNION ( !IR [N1 & APPLI$ 
TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL = A *>T]4 ,A LOCAL1 ,NO4 #a#h#d1 WAS SET UP4 ,)\T 
COMPET5T GUIDANCE1 H[EV]1 ITS *>T] MEMB]S HAD MADE PRACTICALLY NO 
PROGRESS ) ORGANIZATION4 

,9 ,OCTOB]1 ,PRESID5T ,DUB9SKY HAD /OPP$ 9 ,SEATTLE ON HIS WAY HOME 
FROM ! ,A ,F ( ,L CONV5TION 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 ,A COMMITTEE REPRES5T+ 
! DRESSMAK]S1 CLOAKMAK]S1 & ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL CONF]R$ ) 
HIM & ASK$ ?AT ,I BE S5T TO DIRECT ! UPBUILD+ ( ! NEW LOCAL4 

,N[ ?AT ,I WAS ON ! FOB ,GLAZ] & ,ROS5B]G SUGGE/$ A ROOM AT ! 
,LABOR ,TEMPLE1 AS \R ORGANIZ+ C5T]4 ,NO (FICE SPACE WAS AVAILABLE 9 
! ,TEMPLE1 BUT ! SECRET>Y (F]$ TO LET US USE ! ANTE-ROOM TO ! 
L>GE ASSEMBLY HALL ON ! F\R? FLOOR1 ) ! PROVISO ?AT DELEGATES 
TO ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,C\NCIL SESSIONS C\LD CONT9UE TO PASS ?R\< ?AT 
ROOM4 

,DESIGN$ = COAT-*ECK+1 ?IS WAS SMALL1 D>K1 & DEPRESS+4 ,A 
DOOR EQUIPP$ ) A PEEP-HOLE OP5$ 9TO ! ASSEMBLY HALL4 ,AT ONCE ,I 
PROCE$$ TO CLEAN UP & BEAUTIFY \R NEW (FICE4 ,I MADE CURTA9S = 
! W9D[1 B\<T POTT$ F]NS1 IMPROV$ ! LI<T+ ) MOD]N ELECTRIC 
FIXTURES1 ACQUIR$ A TYPEWRIT] & MIMEOGRAPH1 & WIR$ TO ,NEW ,YORK = 
PO/]S & LIT]ATURE4 ,FROM ! BASEM5T SOME ONE BR\<T AN ANCI5T ROLLTOP 
DESK & A SWIVEL *AIR1 L5T TO ! NEWLY =M$ UNION 0= ! DURATION40 
,QUICKLY A DRAB 9T]IOR WAS MADE OV] 9TO COM=TABLE & 9VIT+ QU>T]S4 

,SEV]AL EV5+S LAT] ,I SAT 9 A CORN] WAT*+ ! ,C,L,C DELEGATES 
COME 94 ,L>GELY M5 :O DID H>D MANUAL LABOR1 !Y 9CLUD$ TEAM/]S1 
LONG%OREM51 M>9E WORK]S1 LOGG]S1 BREW]Y WORK]S1 BUT*]S1 BAK]S1 
& MA*9I/S4 ,MO/ ( !M NATURALLY EXPECT$ TO F9D NO?+ 9 ! 
ROOM BUT ! CU/OM>Y HOOKS ON :I* TO HANG !IR COATS4 ,ONE MAN TOOK 
(F HIS COAT :ILE SPEAK+ TO ANO!R & MOV$ T[>D HIS USUAL P>K+ 
SPOT4 ,9/EAD ( B>E HOOKS1 HE F\ND ! WALL COV]$ ) EYE->RE/+ 
LABOR PO/]S4 ,OP5 M\!D ) SURPRISE BUT EVID5TLY PLEAS$1 HE MOV$ 
AB\T ! ROOM1 EXAM9+ ! O!R WALLS1 /UMBL+ OV] ME1 BUT TOO ABSORB$ 
TO REMEMB] TO EXCUSE HIMSELF4 

,9TRODUC$ TO ! ASSEMBL$ DELEGATES AS ! NEW ORGANIZ] = 0! 
,LADY ,G>M5T ,WORK]S10 ,I WAS W>MLY WELCOM$ 9TO ORGANIZ$ LABOR'S 
(FICIAL FAMILY 9 ,SEATTLE1 ) ! ,C\NCIL PLEAD+ ITS FULL SUPPORT 
TO \R CAUSE4 

,( NECESSITY ?IS CAMPAIGN MOV$ SL[LY AT ! BEG9N+1 = ! NEW 
LOCAL HAD NO ACTIVE MEMB]S4 ,! C\RAGE\S GIRLS :O APPLI$ = ! *>T] 
HAD BE5 GRADUALLY EAS$ \T ( !IR JOBS2 MO/ ( ! O!RS W]E RELUCTANT 
TO JO94 ,FREQU5TLY !Y GAVE US ?IS ANSW]3 

0,:Y %\LD ,I RISK MY JOB TO JO9 Y\R UNION8 ,! ,N,R,A IS PROTECT+ 
ME40 

,MANY ( ! DRESSMAK]S H]E W]E ( TYPES NOT TO BE F\ND 9 A ,NEW 
,YORK G>M5T %OP1 EXCEPT P]HAPS AS BUY]S MODELS4 DESIGN]S_/OR SCRUB-WOM54 
,NOT A FEW DROVE !IR [N C>S2 SOME WORE EXP5SIVE FUR COATS1 B\<T NOT 
) MONEY E>N$ 9 ! FACTORIES1 BUT FROM RETURNS ON 9H]IT$ REAL 
E/ATE1 DIVID5DS ON 9VE/M5TS1 OR 9COME FROM PRIVATE DRESSMAK+ DONE 
AT HOME EV5+S & ,SUNDAYS4 ,BUT O!RS HAD HAD A CON/ANT /RUGGLE ) 
POV]TY1 HAD BE5 ON WELF>E OR ! ,W,P,A1 & W]E 9 MORTAL FE> ( LOS+ 
!IR JOBS4 

,A L>GE P]C5TAGE ( !SE PEOPLE W]E *ILDR5 & GR&*ILDR5 ( 
ADV5TUR\S ,AM]ICANS :O HAD COME OV]L& FROM ! ,EA/ 9 0PRAIRIE 
S*OON]S0_/COV]$ WAGONS4 ,!Y 9CLUD$ NUM]\S ,SC&9AVIAN IMMIGRANTS 
OR ONE G5]ATION REMOV$1 ! LATT] MA9LY ,M9NESOTA-BORN1 PLUS A SPR9KL+ 
( ,IRI%1 ,ICEL&]S1 ,FR5* ,CANADIANS1 ,AU/RALIANS1 & ,NEW ,ZEAL&]S4 

,:5 WE BEGAN \R ,SEATTLE CAMPAIGN !RE W]E /RONG PREJUDICES AGA9/ 
UNIONS AMONG WOM5 G>M5T MAK]S1 BUT ( A TYPE DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ,I 
USUALLY RAN 9TO4 ,UNIONS 9 ?AT R\< & READY C\NTRY W]E REM9ISC5T1 
BO? 9 ORGANIZATION & ADM9I/RATION1 ( PIONE] DAYS4 ,!Y W]E NO?+ 
NEW 9 ! ,NOR?WE/1 BUT !Y HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ BY M5 = M5 ONLY4 
,UNION HALLS G5]ALLY REEK$ ) TOBACCO SMOKE1 LIKE SALOONS4 ,UNION MEET+S 
FREQU5TLY 5D$ 9 FREE-=-ALL FI<TS1 9 :I* HEADS W]E BA%$ & 
NOSES BROK54 ,GRUDGES & >GUM5TS W]E SETTL$ 9 ! SAME VIOL5T WAY4 
,SO A UNION HALL1 9 ! OP9ION ( MO/ ( ! WOM5 ,I MET1 WAS 0SC>CELY 
! PROP] PLACE = A LADY40 

,S9CE ! ,N,R,A HAD E/ABLI%$ ! ,DRESS ,CODE ( ,FAIR ,COMPETITION1 ) 
A M9IMUM WAGE1 !Y FELT ?AT !Y W]E PROTECT$ BY ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 
,!Y HAD NO KN[L$GE ( ! P>T UNION ACTION HAD PLAY$ 9 BR++ ?AT 
,CODE 9TO BE+4 

,YET !RE W]E GOOD REASONS = !IR JO9+ A UNION4 ,MO/ ( !M 
W]E BE+ M]CILESSLY EXPLOIT$4 ,! ,N,R,A M9IMUM ( @s#a#c A WEEK = #d 
H\RS' WORK ON COTTON G>M5TS1 WAS L[ 5\<1 BUT EV5 ON ?IS ! EMPLOY]S 
FREQU5TLY *ISEL$1 US+ SUBT]FUGES TO GET >\ND ! LAW1 & PAY+ 
! SAME WAGES = HI<] PRIC$ SILK & WOOL DRESSES4 

,FRONTI] HABITS & ATTITUDES /ILL PREVAIL$ WIDELY AMONG ! 9HABITANTS 
( ,SEATTLE4 ,A L>GE P]C5TAGE ( ! M5 DID HEAVY LABOR_/AS LOGG]S1 OR 
9 ! SAWMILLS2 AS LONG%OREM52 AS SEAM5 ON %IPS PLY+ TO ,ALASKA1 
! ,ORI5T1 OR TO ,S\!RN & ,EA/]N PORTS2 OR AS FI%]M51 :O MADE 
P]IODIC TWO-WEEK TRIPS TO WAT]S NE> ,KET*IKAN1 ,ALASKA4 ,!RE W]E A 
FEW :AL]S1 TOO1 :O HUNT$ ,MOBY ,DICK 9 HI<-P[]$ BOATS1 ) H>POONS 
%OT FROM SMALL CANNON4 

,9 #a#h#e#a1 ) ! ,CIVIL ,W> /ILL T5 YE>S DI/ANT1 #bd M51 WOM51 
& *ILDR5 :O = MON?S HAD TRAVEL$ WE/W>D1 DRAWN BY SL[MOV+ 
OX-TEAMS1 >RIV$ ON ! ,EA/]N %ORE ( ,PUGET ,S\ND1 ! LA/ FRONTI]4 

,9DIANS HEAD$ BY !IR *IEF1 ,SEATTLE1 WELCOM$ !M4 ,:5 ! CLU/] 
( LOG-HUTS HAD GR[N A LITTLE1 ! M5 :O BUILT !M NAM$ !IR VILLAGE 
= ! FRI5DLY *IEF4 

,MIGRANTS HAD F\ND$ ?IS CITY1 & 9 #aice ! GREAT BULK ( ITS #c#g#e1 
RESID5TS W]E /ILL FROM O!R PLACES4 ,CURI\SLY 5\<1 AS SOON AS !SE 
MIGRANTS W]E FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ 9 ,SEATTLE1 !Y REG>D$ LAT] COM]S 
AS \TSID]S4 0,RUGG$ 9DIVIDUALI/S10 !IR MOTTO WAS 0,EV]Y 
MAN = HIMSELF1 & ! DEVIL TAKE ! H9DMO/6 0 

,FROM ! BEG9N+1 & AS LATE AS #a#i#b#e1 ALL COMM]CE 9 ,SEATTLE REVOLV$ 
>\ND LUMB] PRODUCTION4 ,VA/ GRANTS ( TIMB] 9 ! PUBLIC DOMA9 HAD 
BE5 OBTA9$ FROM ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T BY HOOK OR CROOK1 & ! TIMB] 
B>ONS SLA%$ ?R\< ! MI<TY VIRG9 =E/S ) NO ?\<T = ! 
FUTURE4 

,AS ! LUMB]M5 HAD EXPLOIT$ ! =E/S1 ! LOGG]S :O FELL$ ! 
TREES1 & ! SAWMILL H&S1 SO MANY EMPLOY]S 9 ,SEATTLE TOOK ! UTMO/ 
ADVANTAGE ( !IR WORK]S4 

,SOON AFT] ! #aibi /OCK M>KET CRA% #c1 P]SONS 9 ?AT CITY W]E 
JOBLESS4 ,SOME ORGANIZ$ ! ,UNEMPLOY$ ,CITIZ5S' ,LEAGUE1 :I* SET ! 
PACE = SIMIL> SELF-HELP GR\PS ALL OV] ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,H>VE/+ 
FRUIT & VEGETABLE CROPS ON A %>+ BASIS1 IT SET UP V>I\S COOP]ATIVE 
5T]PRISES1 :I*1 H[EV]1 W]E OPPOS$ BY BUS9ESS M51 :O FE>$ !SE 
W\LD CUT 9TO !IR PR(ITS4 

,ON ,M>* #a1 #a#i#c#c1 MANY ( ! ,LEAGUE'S MEMB]S M>*$ T[>D ,OLYMPIA1 
! /ATE CAPITAL1 ) ! 9T5TION ( PRES5T+ AN APPEAL TO ! ,GOV]NOR 
= RE=MS 9 RELIEF PROC$URE4 ,BUT !Y W]E PREV5T$ FROM 5T]+ 
?AT CITY BY SEV]AL HUNDR$ 0VIGILANTES40 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidd 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,ADD$4 

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