,*APT] #ab 
,YET ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS ,MULTIPLY 

#aideaide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSE ,PESOTTA 

,TEXT 3 

,ROSE ,PESOTTA  

,BREAD UPON ! ,WAT]S 

,*,A,P,T,] #ab  

,YET ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS ,MULTIPLY  

,D,A,Y,E ,A,F,T,] ,D,A,Y ,I CONT9U$ T\R+ ! ISL&1 USUALLY 
) ,T]ESA ,ANGL]O & A COMMITTEE ( GIRLS FROM ! %OPS1 VISIT+ ALL 
! CITIES & ALMO/ EV]Y VILLAGE & HAMLET 9 ! HILLS :]E ! HOME 
WORK]S LIV$4 ,I TALK$ ) ALL K9DS ( PEOPLE1 ADDRESS$ ORGANIZATIONAL 
MASS MEET+S_/& BECAUSE IT WAS SO OBVI\SLY NECESS>Y1 CONDUCT$ WORK]S' 
$UCATION & SOCIAL S]VICE CLASSES1 9 :I* ! SUBJECTS 9CLUD$ *ILD 
C>E1 BIR? CONTROL1 P]SONAL HYGI5E1 & NUTRITION4"9 

,! GREAT NE$ ( P]SONAL HYGI5E AMONG ! ISL&'S WOM5 HAD MADE 
ITSELF EVID5T SOON AFT] MY >RIVAL4 ,/AY+ OV]NI<T AT ,MAYAGUEZ WE 
GOT TWO ADJO9+ ROOMS 9 ,LA ,PALMA ,HOTEL1 A DILAPIDAT$ /RUCTURE1 ! 
ONLY PLACE :]E WE C\LD F9D ACCOMMODATIONS4 ,\R ?REE GIRL COMPANIONS 
OCCUPI$ ONE ROOM1 & ,T]ESA & ,I ! O!R4 

,NO BA?TUB OR %[]2 A COMMON TOILET \TSIDE4 ,MOSQUITOES 5T]$ ?R\< 
HOLES 9 ! NET CANOPIES OV] \R B$S2 WE *AS$ !M \T & TRI$ TO 
/OP UP ! HOLES4 ,ODORS ( SPICE & GREASE FROM COOK+ DONE 9 A *>COAL 
FIREPLACE 9 ! \TDOOR C\RT ASSAIL$ \R NO/RILS ALL NI<T4 

,I C>RI$ MY [N T[EL & SOAP & A SANIT>Y KIT CONTA9+ BOTTLES 
( M$ICAT$ ALCOHOL1 WIT* HAZEL1 IOD9E1 & K9DR$ ?+S4 ,NEXT MORN+ 
MY TRAVEL+ COMPANIONS WAT*$ ME 9 WOND]M5T AS ,I WET A WA%-CLO? 
) ALCOHOL & GAVE MYSELF A SPONGE BA?4 ,I EXPLA9$ ?AT ,I DID ?IS 
ALWAYS :5 NO BA? WAT] C\LD BE HAD1 & %>$ ! ALCOHOL ) !M4 
,!Y F\ND ITS COOL+ EFFECT TO !IR LIK+1 & US$ IT ) 5?USIASM4 
,ON SUCCE$+ TRIPS ,I BR\<T A L>G] SUPPLY1 PLUS OLIVE OIL = ! HAIR 
& CITRONELLA OIL TO KEEP MOSQUITOES AWAY4 ,:ILE SPEAK+ 9 ,L>ES1 A 
SMALL T[N1 ,I NOTIC$ A WOMAN ) HOLL[ EYES LI/5+ 9T5TLY4 ,SOME?+ 
AB\T H] CAU<T MY SPECIAL ATT5TION4 ,AFT] A :ILE1 ,I SAW H] SLUMP 9 
A FA9T4 

,I HALT$ ! PROCE$+S4 ,ONE ( ! M5 C>RI$ H] TO ANO!R ROOM1 
& ,I FOLL[$ ) MY FIR/ AID KIT4 ,LOOS5+ H] CLO?+1 ,I DISCOV]$ 
?AT %E WORE A MAN'S FULL-L5G? UNION SUIT1 W9T] WEI<T1 & WAS PREGNANT4 
,I REVIV$ H]1 !N ASK$ A FEW QUE/IONS4 ,%E WAS WEAK FROM UND]N\RI%M5T4 
,I GAVE H] W>M MILK & CRACK]S FROM MY LUN* BOX4 

,SEV]AL DAYS LAT] ANO!R WOMAN FA9T$ FROM HUNG] AS ,I SPOKE 9 A 
CR[D$ HI< S*OOL 9 ,AGUADA4 ,?IS TIME ,I WAS BETT] PREP>$4 ,I HAD BR\<T 
A BIGG] !RMOS BOTTLE FILL$ ) HOT MILK-&-WAT]1 PL5TY ( CRACK]S1 
& B>S ( *OCOLATE4 

,O!RS FA9T$ AT SUBSEQU5T MEET+S1 & ,I TOOK TO C>RY+ A LIB]AL 
SUPPLY ( EM]G5CY FOODS ON ALL MY TRIPS4 ,ALWAYS N[1 BE=E ! SPEE*ES 
/>T$1 ,I 9QUIR$ :E!R ANY ( ?OSE PRES5T HAD COME )\T EAT+4 
,IF SO1 WE SUPPLI$ LI<T FOOD TO !M4 

,SLEEK1 FAT CATTLE GRAZ+ 9 GRE5 PA/URES1 BUT NO MILK = MO!RS 
OR BABIES 9 T5S ( ?\S&S ( HUTS & %ACKS4 ,W>EH\SES 9 PORT T[NS 
GROAN+ ) FOOD & O!R NECESS>IES1 TO BE EXPORT$ AT A H&SOME 
PR(IT BY ! FEW :O CONTROLL$ PRODUCTION4 ,HUNG] & DISEASE EV]Y:]E 
9 ?IS P>ADISE_/& BUREAUCRACY & CALL\S 9DIFF]5CE4 ,! POOR & 
FAMI%$ R$UC$ TO /ATI/ICS BY (FICEHOLD]S :O D9$ SUMPTU\SLY AT 
!IR CLUBS4 

,TO MY DELI<T ,I F\ND ?AT ,PU]TO ,RICANS W]E NOT ONLY BORN ORATORS1 
BUT GOOD LI/5]S AS WELL4 ,SOMETIMES :5 WE >RIV$ AT A MEET+ ALREADY 
9 PROGRESS1 ONE ( !M W\LD BE RECIT+ A LONG POEM1 P]HAPS HIS [N1 
ON ! BEAUTIES ( ! ISL&1 & ! PEOPLE'S LOVE = IT4 ,AUDI5CES 
W\LD LI/5 = H\RS TO SU* RECITALS4 ,I ?\<T ( IT AS ANODYNE TO 
!M1 !IR TR\BLES LO/ 9 ! MELODY ( ! SPOK5 WORDS4 ,LOCAL MUSICIANS1 
TOO1 CONTRIBUT$ DIV]SION4 ,!IR RHY?MS TO ME SEEM$ PRIMITIVE & WEIRD4 
,ONE RA9Y NI<T WE F9I%$ A MEET+ AT #a1 & DROVE ON TO ANO!R T[N1 
:]E ,I WAS S*$UL$ TO SPEAK4 ,DELAY$1 WE DID NOT >RIVE UNTIL #a#a4 ,I 
EXPECT$ TO F9D ! AUDI5CE GONE1 BUT TO MY A/ONI%M5T ! BIG HI< 
S*OOL AUDITORIUM WAS PACK$ ) M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 LI/5+ TO 
A RECITATION BY A LOCAL POET4 ,SO EAG] W]E !Y = 9=MATION AB\T 
! UNION ?AT NONE LEFT UNTIL ! MEET+ 5D$1 AFT] MIDNI<T4 

,9 SOME NE$LE TRADES C5T]S1 WE F\ND ?AT ! MANUFACTUR]S W]E 
RECLASSIFY+ !IR EMPLOYES TO EVADE ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! ,N,R,A ,CODE4 
,HUNDR$S 9 ! FACTORIES HAD BE5 DIS*>G$1 & ! WORK GIV5 TO CONTRACTORS 
:O W\LD LAT] TAKE IT 9TO ! HILLS = ! HOME WORK]S4 ,?US 9 C\NTLESS 
9/ANCES ! PROCESSES ( PULL+ ?READS TO CUT SQU>ES = H&K]*IEFS1 
TRU TRU 7HEM/IT*+71 & MA*9E SEW+ HAD BE5 TRANSF]R$ TO HOME 
WORK]S4 ,! MA*9ES1 ( AN >*AIC MODEL NEV] SE5 9 ! ,/ATES1 W]E 
EI!R L5T OR R5T$ AT A HI< PRICE4 

,BE=E ! ,CODE WAS E/ABLI%$ SOME ( ! FA/] WORK]S W]E ABLE 
TO E>N @s#e OR A LITTLE MORE A WEEK DUR+ ! BUSY SEASON4 ,BY %UNT+ 
! BULK ( ! WORK TO ! HOMES1 ! EMPLOY]S GOT BY ) A PAYM5T 
( ONLY @s#b A WEEK TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL UND] ! ,CODE4 ,9 DUE TIME ,I MET 
& TALK$ ) MO/ ( ! IMPORTANT (FICIALS1 9CLUD+ ,GOV]NOR ,BLANTON 
,W9%IP1 ! ,F$]AL ,RELIEF ,ADM9I/RATOR1 & V>I\S ,S5ATORS4 ,UPON EA* 
,I URG$ ! NECESSITY ( E/ABLI%+ K9D]G>T5S & CL9ICS TO TEA* 
WOM5 P]SONAL HYGI5E1 HAV+ PUBLIC NURSES VISIT ! HOMES_/& />T+ 
CONT9UATION S*OOLS = Y\NG PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 COMPELL$ TO GO TO WORK 
AT AN E>LY AGE4 

,ALL !SE (FICIALS APPE>$ TO REACT FAVORABLY2 BUT ,I HAD HE>D TOO 
(T5 ! PHRASE ,MANANA POR LA MANANA 7TOMORR[ MORN+7 9 ?AT ,C>IBBEAN 
ISLE4 ,!RE W]E TOO MANY 0TOMORR[ MORN+S40 

,T]ESA ,ANGL]O & ,I VISIT$ ! ,COMMISSION] ( ,$UCATION1 ,S5OR ,>AN1 
& PUT BE=E HIM A DETAIL$ PLAN1 :I*1 AS AN 9ITIAL /EP1 CALL$ = 
E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK]S' $UCATIONAL CLASSES AT ! ,LABRA ,S*OOL 9 ,SAN 
,JUAN1 & AT ,RIO ,P$RAS1 ,LOIZA1 ,C>OL9A1 & ,BAYAMON4 ,S5OR ,>AN APPROV$ 
( \R PLAN1 & @s#e1 WAS SET ASIDE BY HIS DEP>TM5T = ?AT PURPOSE4 
,! CLASSES DEALT ,5GLI%1 ,SPANI%1 PUBLIC SPEAK+1 HI/ORY & ME?ODS 
( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 SOCIOLOGY1 & HEAL? PROBLEMS1 ) EMPHASIS ON 
! LA/4 

,N[ ,I WROTE TO ,HILDA ,WOR?+TON ,SMI?1 =M]LY DEAN AT ,BRYN ,MAWR ,COLLEGE1 
:O WAS !N LIV+ 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,%E HELD AN IMPORTANT PO/ ON ! ,W,P,A 
,WORK]S' ,$UCATION ,PROJECT AS A SPECIALI/ 9 ?AT FIELD4 ,I ASK$ H] TO 
USE H] 9FLU5CE ON BEHALF ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS1 & %E GOT BUSY AT ONCE4 
,LAT] %E ADVIS$ ME ?AT ! ,F$]AL ,RELIEF ,ADM9I/RATION HAD GIV5 A 
GRANT = A WORK]S' TRA9+ C5T] ON ! ISL&4 ,! FOLL[+ YE>1 
?ANKS TO ,MISS ,SMI?'S 9T]CESSION1 A SUMM] S*OOL = WORK]S WAS SET 
UP 9 ,SAN ,JUAN1 ON ! CAMPUS ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,PU]TO ,RICO4 

,AGUADILLA 7,WAT]VILLE71 A MOROSE LOOK+ T[N1 HAD LONG BOA/$ ?AT 
,COLUMBUS L&$ !RE 9 #adic TO REFILL ! FRE% WAT] KEGS ON HIS %IPS4 
,TO COMMEMORATE ?AT EV5T1 A /ATUE ( ! ,G5OESE EXPLOR] WAS ]ECT$ 
ON A TALL P$E/AL 9 ! PLAZA4 ,BUT ,AGUADA 7,WAT]T[N71 ANO!R COMMUNITY 
#ae MILES F>!R S\?WE/1 CONT5D$ ?AT ,COLUMBUS & HIS M5 ACTUALLY 
CAME A%ORE = ! WAT] )9 ITS B\ND>IES4 ,FEEL+ WAS SO HI< AMONG 
! LOYAL CITIZ5S ( ,AGUADA ?AT A DELEGATION VISIT$ ,AGUADILLA 9 ! 
DEAD ( NI<T & C>RI$ (F ! /ATUE4 ,ONLY ! P$E/AL REMA9$4 ,M5TION 
( ,COLUMBUS WAS SURE TO />T A DEBATE :5EV] RESID5TS ( ! TWO T[NS 
MET4 

,BUT ,I REMEMB] ,AGUADILLA = A MORE COMPELL+ REASON4 ,VISIT+ ! 
HOME ( ! S*OOL PR9CIPAL1 ,I ASK$ HIS WIFE IF ,I MI<T WA% MY H&S4 
,%E GAVE ME A BAS9 ( RA9WAT] 9 :I* MOSQUITO L>VAE & ! EMBRYOS 
( O!R 9SECTS W]E FLOAT+4 ,TO WA% 9 SU* WAT] WAS AN OP5 9VITATION 
TO HOOK-WORM 9FECTION4 ,AFT] ?AT EXP]I5CE ,I DEP5D$ MORE ?AN EV] 
ON MY ALCOHOL SUPPLY4 

,9 ,YAUCO WE VISIT$ A ,LABOR ,S5ATOR4 ,HE HAD SIX DAU<T]S & ?REE 
SONS4 ,HONOR HAD COME TO HIM = LONG ACTIVITY 9 BEHALF ( ! WORK]S1 
BUT HE HAD NOT BE5 ABLE TO OV]COME POV]TY4 ,HIS WIFE & ! SIX DAU<T]S 
[N$ ONLY A S+LE PAIR ( %OES_/ALL SEV5 US+ !M 9 TURN 6 ,/4 ,M>Y'S 
,HOSPITAL /&S ON A HILL ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,MAYAGUEZ4 ,OCCASIONALLY IT 
(F]S SLEEP+ ACCOMMODATIONS TO GUE/S2 COTS 9 PRIVATE ROOMS4 ,ONCE1 
:5 WE C\LD NOT GET 9TO A HOTEL1 WE /OPP$ !RE4 

,9 ! MORN+ WE HAD BREAKFA/ ON ! BROAD V]&A1 FROM :I* WE 
C\LD LOOK \T AT M\NTA9S & TROPICAL V]DURE TO DELI<T ! EYE4 ,A 
REAL ,AM]ICAN CAN NOT BEGRUDGE ! H\R & BREAKFA/1 SO GOOD ?AT ?IS 
TIME L DID A QU>T] ?AT ! NATIVE WAIT] TOOK TO S]VE IT4 ,GRAPEFRUIT1 
OATMEAL & CREAM1 S(T-BOIL$ EGGS1 JAM1 TOA/1 & C(FEE4444 

,!N ?IS P]FECT PICTURE WAS SPOIL$4 

,JU/ AS WE F9I%$1 ! HOSPITAL DOOR OP5$1 & F\R M5 EM]G$1 
BE>+ A C(F94 ,SOME ONE HAD DI$ 9 ! NI<T4 ,!Y CAME PA/ US1 C>RY+ 
! C(F9 LI<TLY4 ,IT MEANT ?AT = ANO!R ,PU]TO ,RICAN ! GNAW+ 
( SL[ />VATION HAD CEAS$4444 ,WE GOT \T QUICKLY1 HURRY+ TO \R NEXT 
DE/9ATION4 

,FUN]ALS 9 ?AT ISL& >E FREQU5T4 ,(T5 WE PASS$ SEV]AL 9 A DAY4 

0,WE MU/ TRA9 SOME ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS 9 PRACTICAL UNION ORGANIZATION 
TE*NIQUE10 ,I REPORT$ 9 ONE ( MY LETT]S TO ,NEW ,YORK4 0,IT 
W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE = ANY ( \R REGUL> PEOPLE TO WORK H]E 9DEF9ITELY40 

,AT ! SAME TIME ,I WROTE TO ,BROOKWOOD ,LABOR ,COLLEGE1 EXPLA9+ ! 
SITUATION & ASK+ = TWO S*OL>%IPS4 ,TUCK] ,P4 ,SMI?1 !N DEAN !RE1 
IMM$IATELY SAID YES1 & ,I BEGAN LOOK+ = A LIKELY PAIR ( GIRLS TO 
S5D4 ,ONE DIM9UTIVE GIRL 9 ! ,MAYAGUEZ LOCAL ATTRACT$ ME2 BRI<T & 
AGGRESSIVE1 ,AMP>O ,RIV]A1 SPOKE BO? ,SPANI% & ,5GLI% FLU5TLY4 ,ALL 
AGRE$ %E WAS HI<LY ELIGIBLE = ONE ( ! S*OL>%IPS4 

,ON RECOMM5DATION ( ,DONA ,LOLA1 HEAD ( ! ,>ECIBO LOCAL1 ! SECOND 
S*OL>%IP WAS GIV5 TO ,C>M5 ,CURBELO1 A TALL GIRL :O HAD DONE MU* 
T[>D BUILD+ UP ! UNION 9 ?AT CITY4 

,MORRIS ,HILLQUIT'S DAU<T] ,N9A WROTE ?AT %E WAS COM+ D[N FROM 
,NEW ,YORK ON A ,C>IBBEAN CRUISE1 & PLANN$ TO SP5D ?REE DAYS 9 ,PU]TO 
,RICO1 :ILE H] %IP W5T FROM ,SAN ,JUAN TO ,SANTO ,DOM+O & BACK4 ,WE MADE 
! MO/ ( ?OSE DAYS1 TAK+ H] TO SEE NOT ONLY SC5IC BEAUTIES & 
9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES ?AT %[N TO T\RI/S1 BUT ALSO ! SQUALOR & 
SORR[ ?AT T\RI/S NEV] SAW4 ,WE TOOK H] 9TO SOME ( ! WORK]S' HOVELS_/! 
0HOMES0 DESCRIB$ 9 ! TRAVEL BOOKLETS AS 0PICTURESQUE 
?AT*$ H\SES40 ,%E WAS APPALL$1 AS ,I HAD BE54 

,9 ,SAN ,JUAN WE 9SPECT$ A L>GE CIG> & CIG>ETTE FACTORY1 ( SPECIAL 
SIGNIFICANCE S9CE IT ILLU/RAT$ VA/ DISPLACEM5T ( LABOR BY MA*9]Y4 
,PU]TO ,RICO HAD BE5 ONE ( ! WORLD'S GREAT C5T]S ( CIG> MANUFACTUR+ 
:5 CIG>S W]E MADE BY H&4 ,MO/ ( ! LEAD]S 9 ! ,FREE ,F$]ATION 
( ,LABOR W]E =M] CIG>MAK]S4 ,N[ NE>LY ALL CIG>S PRODUC$ ON ! 
ISL& W]E MADE BY MA*9]Y4 ,EA* GIRL WORK] 9 ! ,SAN ,JUAN FACTORY 
ATT5D$ SEV]AL MA*9ES1 & PRODUC$ AS MANY CIG>S P] DAY AS #b M5 
=M]LY TURN$ \T4 ,AB\T A DOZ5 M51 H[EV]1 W]E /ILL EMPLOY$ 9 
! PLANT1 MAK+ EXTRA L>GE CIG>S1 :I* C\LD NOT BE PRODUC$ BY ! 
/&>D MA*9ES4 

,WE TOOK \R VISITOR ALSO TO ! BIG TOBACCO CUR+ %$S 9 ,BAYAMON4 
,! PROCESS+ ( ! LEAVES1 9 HI< /ACKS 9 HOT ROOMS1 WAS %[N & 
EXPLA9$4 ,BUT WE W]E MU* MORE 9T]E/$ 9 ! WOM5_/P]HAPS #a ( 
!M_/:O SAT 9 AN ADJAC5T ROOM1 5DLESSLY SORT+ ?OSE LEAVES4 ,!Y 
HAD VIRTUALLY ! SAME YELL[I% BR[N COLOR AS ! TOBACCO1 & ALWAYS 
C>RI$ ) !M ITS ODOR4 ,AS \R GUIDE EXPLA9$1 !Y NEV] HAD 5\< 
TIME TO CLEAN !IR BODIES ADEQUATELY4 

,MISS ,HILLQUIT WAS GUE/ ( HONOR AT A MEET+ HELD BY ! ,FREE ,F$]ATION 
( ,LABOR4 ,9 9TRODUC+ H]1 ,I DWELT UPON ! 9VALUABLE WORK H] FA!R1 
PIONE] LABOR LAWY]1 HAD DONE = ! ,I,L,G,W,U ?R\< MANY YE>S4 ,! OVATION 
%E RECEIV$ MOV$ H] TO TE>S4 

,!RE IS NO RA9Y SEASON 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO1 ONE IS ASSUR$ 9 (FICIAL 
LIT]ATURE2 RA9FALL IS EQUALLY DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ! YE>4 ,BUT LATE 
?AT MON? = ?REE DAYS IT P\R$ OR DRIZZL$ ALMO/ CONT9U\SLY4 ,I 
SP5T MU* ( ! TIME 9 MY ROOM PREP>+ ! SPEE* ?AT ,I WAS TO DELIV] 
BE=E ! ,FREE ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ,CONGRESS ,MY ?\<TS UNFOLD$ SL[LY1 
H[EV]2 ,I WAS DEPRESS$4 ,?AT UN CEAS NG TROPICAL RA9 GOT ON MY N]VES4 
,I FELT LIKE A PRISON] )9 ! F\R WALLS ( MY ROOM4 

,ON ! F\R? DAY ! SUN APPE>$ AGA91 & ,I SNAPP$ \T ( MY D>K 
MOOD4 

,SWIMM+ 9 ! ,CONDADO POOL RE/OR$ ME1 & 9 ! EV5+ ,I ATT5D$ 
A RECITAL1 AT :I* A Y\NG VIOL9I/1 ,PEPITO ,FIGU]OA1 PLAY$ ,SPANI% 
& ,GYPSY MUSIC ?AT TRANSPORT$ ME TO O!R WORLDS4 

,SANTIAGO ,IGLESIAS PRESID$ AT ! ,LABOR ,CONGRESS1 :I* WAS HELD AT 
,MAYAGUEZ1 9 ! ,TEATRO ,YAGUEZ4 ,GOV]NOR ,BLANTON ,W9%IP1 SEV]AL ,LABOR 
,S5ATORS1 & O!R NOTABLES W]E PRES5T4 ,SITT+ ON ! PLAT=M ) 
!SE DI/+UI%$ GUE/S1 ,I WAS MORE IMPRESS$ BY ! GA!R+ BE=E 
ME4 

,LOOK+ AT ?OSE EAG] FACES_/ALMO/ A ?\S&1 SCRUBB$ CLEAN & BRI<T 
= ! OCCASION_/ONE C\LD P]CEIVE 9/ANTLY ?AT ?IS WAS A G5U9E ,CONGRESS 
( ,LABOR4 ,IT PRES5T$ A POIGNANT CONTRA/ TO O!R GATES AT LABOR CONV5TIONS 
,I HAD ATT5D$4 ,9 ! ,/ATES1 MALE DELE- CONCLAVES W]E USUALLY WELL DRESS$4 
) COLL>S1 TIES1 & COATS_/EXCEPT 9 HOT WEA!R_/& MO/ ( !M C]TA9LY 
W]E WELL F$4 ,BUT H]E ! BULK ( ! M5 DELEGATES WORE TATT]$ CLO!S1 
USUALLY ONLY %IRT & PANTS4 ,!Y W]E LEAN & HUNGRY LOOK+1 & MANY 
HAD WALK$ LONG DI/ANCES TO BE PRES5T4 ,I HAD COME ) #b DELEGATES REPRES5T+ 
! NEWLY =M$ ,NE$LE ,TRADES ,UNION4 

,!RE WAS NO MI/AK+ H[ MU* IT MEANT TO !SE DELEGATES TO BE ATT5D+ 
! ,CONGRESS1 NOR !IR F]VOR = UNIONISM4 ,!Y %[$ IT 9 !IR SONGS1 
& 9 APPLAUSE_/:5 SPEE*ES T\*$ ! REALITIES ( WORK+-CLASS PROBLEMS 
& !IR [N LIVES4 

,GOV]NOR ,W9%IP SPOKE JU/ AHEAD ( ME4 ,HIS ADDRESS WAS REM>KABLE 
9 ?AT IT WAS ONE ( ! MO/ BANAL ,I EV] HE>D FROM ! LIPS ( A GOV]NM5T 
(FICIAL4 ,BL&LY HE SPOKE ( ,PU]TO ,RICO'S CLIMATE1 SUN%9E1 SC5IC GR&EUR1 
FL[]S1 & ! LIKE4 ,EV]Y?+ ON ! ISL& WAS BEAUTIFUL & S]5E4 
,:5 HE F9I%$ ,I WOND]$ = A MOM5T :E!R HE REALLY HAD UTT]$ 
?OSE SUP]FICIALITIES_/OR HAD ,I BE5 DREAM+8 ,IT WAS H>D TO BELIEVE ?AT 
A MAN 9 ! ,GOV]NOR'S POSITION1 KN[+ ! FACTS AB\T ! ECONOMIC 
PLI<T ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN PEOPLE1 C\LD DI% \T SU* NONS5SE AB\T ! 
SC5]Y TO LI/5]S :O NE$$ JOBS & FOOD4 

,IT WAS MY TASK1 AS ! NEXT ON ! PROGRAM1 TO BR+ ! AUDI5CE BACK 
TO E>?4 ,SPEAK+ AB\T #c M9UTES1 ,I TOLD ( ! /RUGGLE ?AT HAD GONE 
9TO ! UPBUILD+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LADIES' ,G>M5T ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 
& ITS RELATION TO ! 9DU/RIAL WORLD4 ,I DEALT ) ! ,NEW ,DEAL1 ,PU]TO 
,RICO'S PRESS+ ECONOMIC PROBLEMS1 & ! CRITICAL GLOBAL SITUATION1 0) 
! WORLD ON ! V]GE ( ANO!R W>1 ?AT WILL BE ! BLOODIE/ ?AT 
MANK9D HAS EV] KN[N40 

,:5 ,I F9I%$1 ?OSE :O UND]/OOD ,5GLI% APPLAUD$ POLITELY4 ,!N 
,T]ESA ,ANGL]O READ A ,SPANI% TRANSLATION ( :AT ,I HAD SAID1 & APPLAUSE 
E*O$ ?R\< ! AUDITORIUM4 ,A DELEGATE (F]$ A MOTION TO HAVE MY ADDRESS 
PR9T$ AS A SEP>ATE PAMPHLET1 9 ADDITION TO BE+ 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! 
CONV5TION PROCE$+S4 ,! MOTION WAS MADE UNANIM\S4 ,N[ L WAS T\*$ 
TO ! PO9T ( TE>S4 

,SUBSEQU5TLY ,I LE>N$ FROM ! ,FREE ,F$]ATION (FICIALS ?AT ! LA/ 
\TSIDE SPEAK] FROM ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR AT A CONV5TION HAD 
BE5 ,SAMUEL ,GOMP]S1 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,!Y %[$ ME A COPY ( HIS ADDRESS4 ,IT 
WAS A MA/]LY EXPOSITION ( CONDITIONS_/ CLE>-CUT1 MILITANT4 ,) ONLY 
A *ANGE ( DATE1 :AT ,GOMP]S SAID 9 #aiad W\LD HAVE APPLI$ EQUALLY 
TO ! SITUATION 9 #a#i#c#d4 ,I WAS SORRY ,I HAD NOT SE5 ?AT SPEE* BE=E_/,I 
W\LD HAVE ASK$ LEAVE TO READ IT TO ! CONV5TION4 ,IT WAS AS FUNDAM5TAL1 
,I ?\<T1 AS ,L9COLN'S ,GETTYSBURG ,ADDRESS4 

,LABOR ,S5ATORS AMONG ! SPEAK]S W]E POORLY G>B$1 LIKE ! RE/ 
( ! DELEGATES4 ,BUT ?IS DID NOT MAKE !M SELF-CONSCI\S4 ,!Y DEALT 
) ! ?+S !Y KNEW1 !IR SPEE*ES GO+ /RAI<T TO ! PO9T4 

,N[ WE ( ! ,I,L,G,W,U COMPLET$ PREP>ATIONS = ! SECOND ANNUAL CONV5TION 
( ! ISL&'S NE$LE TRADES WORK]S4 ,?IS W\LD BE HELD 9 ,SAN ,JUAN1 
:]E WE HAD CONSOLIDAT$ ! FIVE SCATT]$ LOCALS & LAID A SOLID F\NDATION 
= \R N[ RAPIDLY EXP&+ ,PU]TO ,RICAN ORGANIZATION4 ,?AT CONV5TION1 
AT :I* ,T]ESA ,ANGL]O PRESID$ LIKE A VET]AN PRESID5T ( A MAJOR UNION1 
5ABL$ US TO /R5G!N \R L9ES /ILL FUR!R4 

,SOON AFT]W>DS ,*>LES ,ZIMM]MAN1 SECRET>Y-MANAG] ( ,LOCAL #bb ( ,NEW 
,YORK1 & ONE ( MY FELL[ VISE-PRESID5TS 9 ! ,I,L,G,W,U1 CAME D[N BY PLANE 
TO SP5D HIS VACATION 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO4 ,HE WAS NOT AV]SE TO TRAVEL+ ) 
ME1 WAT*+1 & MAK+ OCCASIONAL SPEE*ES AT UNION MEET+S4 ,!SE GA!R+S 
9 V>I\S CITIES ?R\<\T ! ISL& N[ TOOK ON ! =M ( F>EWELLS 
TO ME1 = ,I HAD BOOK$ PASSAGE TO RETURN TO ,NEW ,YORK LATE 9 ! MON?4 
,! CLIMAX TO ALL ?IS CAME ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#g1 ) A F>EWELL D9N] 9 
,SAN ,JUAN = ,AMP>O ,RIV]A & ,C>M5 ,CURBELO1 7! GIRLS :OM ,I WAS TAK+ 
BACK TO ,BROOKWOOD ,LABOR ,COLLEGE71 ,ZIMM]MAN1 & MYSELF4 ,A MASS MEET+ 
AFT]W>DS 9 ! BIG AUDITORIUM ( ,BALDORIATZ PUBLIC S*OOL WAS CR[D$1 
! GIRLS ) :OM ,I HAD WORK$ OCCUPY+ FRONT SEATS4 ,LABOR ,COMMISSION] 
,M>T9EZ PRESID$4 

,T]ESA ,ANGL]O BROKE D[N :ILE READ+ AN ADDRESS4 ,O!RS1 TOO1 SPOKE 
) FEEL+ ( :AT ! UNION MEANT TO !M4 ,& MANY ( ?OSE WOM5 & 
GIRLS HAD BR\<T GIFTS = ME1 PIECES ( NE$LE-CRAFT !Y HAD MADE4 ,!SE 
W]E PIL$ ON ! SPEAK]S' TABLE4 ,!Y 9CLUD$ A BEAUTIFUL SET ( SAT9 
L+]IE DONE 9 9TRICATE NE$LE-WORK ) EXQUISITE LACE2 A L95 DRESS 
( DRAWN WORK1 ! >T ( ,AMP]O ,RIV]A2 H&K]*IEFS ( A TYPE ,I HAVE 
NEV] SE5 9 ,NEW ,YORK2 H&-BAGS1 L+]IE BAGS1 & V>I\S WOV5 >TICLES 
FA%ION$ ) ?\<TFUL C>E4 

,TO ME ?OSE GIFTS TYPIFI$ SOME?+ PRICELESS1 A GIV+ FROM ! DEP?S 
( !SE SIMPLE PEOPLE'S HE>TS4 ,BY ! SAME TOK5 ,I GAVE TO V>I\S GIRLS 
?+S :I* W\LD HAVE SPECIAL MEAN+ = !M _/,*9ESE & ,MEXICAN JEWELRY1 
A CAM]A1 MY [N LUN* BOX 7:I* ,T]ESA HAD P>TICUL>LY WANT$71 !RMOS 
BOTTLES1 & O!R POSSESSIONS BO? UTILIT>IAN & DECORATIVE4 

,:5 ! ,BOR9QU5 SAIL$ NEXT DAY !RE W]E MORE GIFTS & FL[]S4 
,& N[1 9/EAD ( ! TWO DOZ5 P]SONS :O HAD =M$ ! COMMITTEE 
( WELCOME :5 ,I >RIV$1 HUNDR$S ( UNION WORK]S W]E ON ! PI] TO 
BID US BU5 VIAJE4 

,ON ! RETURN VOYAGE1 FELL[ PASS5G]S EY$ \R GR\P CURI\SLY1 D\BTLESS 
WOND]+ AB\T ! MAKE-UP ( ?IS ODD P>TY_/! TWO D>K ,PU]TO ,RICAN 
GIRLS1 ,ZIMM]MAN1 TALL1 LI<T COMPLECT$1 & BLUE EY$1 & MYSELF1 DEEPLY 
TANN$ & ,SPANI% LOOK+1 MO!R+ ?OSE GIRLS4 

,BACK 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,I TOOK ,AMP>O & ,C>M5 ON TO ,BROOKWOOD4 ,= ! 
NEXT N9E MON?S !Y W]E SUBJECT$ TO AN 9T5SIVE TRA9+ :I* W\LD 
/& !M 9 GOOD /EAD :5 C>RY+ ON UNIONIZATION WORK AT HOME4 

,ROSE ,S*NEID]MAN ASK$ ME TO COME TO ,WA%+TON1 TO CONF] ) ,]NE/ 
,GRU5+1 NEW ,F$]AL ,ADM9I/RATOR ( ,9SUL> ,AFFAIRS4 ,MR4 ,GRU5+ LI/5$ 
KE5LY AS ,I TOLD ( MY OBS]VATIONS AMONG ! ISL&]S4 ,HE ASK$ :AT 
SUGGE/IONS ,I HAD TO (F]4 ,I URG$ AMONG O!R ?+S /EPS TO CUT D[N 
! BIR? RATE & TO BR+ GR\PS ( LIKELY Y\NG M5 & WOM5 FROM ,PU]TO 
,RICO TO ! MA9L& TO BE TRA9$ 9 SOCIAL S]VICE1 SO ?AT !Y C\LD 
WORK EFFECTIVELY AMONG !IR [N PEOPLE4 

,S9CE !N ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO HAVE GR[N EV5 WORSE4 
,AFT] ! ,WAGE & ,H\R ,LAW BECAME EFFECTIVE 9 #a#i#c#h1 V>I\S NE$LE TRADES 
EMPLOY]S LEFT ! ISL&1 TRANSF]R+ !IR OP]ATIONS TO ,*9A & ! 
,PHILIPP9ES4 ,& LAT] O!R MANUFACTUR]S MOV$ \T & 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION 
L>GELY CEAS$ :5 W> EXIG5CIES /OPP$ PRACTICALLY ALL COMM]CIAL %IPP+ 
FROM ! ,C>IBBEAN >EA4 

,) ! BEG9N+ ( ! W> ,PU]TO ,RICO BECAME ( VITAL IMPORTANCE 
TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS A NAVAL BASE4 ,BUT ?IS DID NOT ALT] ! TRAGIC 
/ATE ( ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ITS #b11 9HABITANTS4 ,BECAUSE ( ! 
WIDESPREAD %UTD[N ( 9DU/RY1 C\NTLESS ?\S&S ( NATIVE WORK]S 
FACE VIRTUAL />VATION4 ,! MILLIONS 9 RELIEF MONEY ?AT HAVE BE5 P\R$ 
9 HAVE SUFFIC$ ONLY AS A PALLIATIVE4 

,RECOMM5DATIONS MADE BY ,GOV]NOR ,REX=D ,TUGWELL TO ,PRESID5T ,ROOSEVELT1 
IF PUT 9TO PRACTICE1 %\LD GO A LONG WAY T[>D REHABILITAT+ ! ISL&1 
BO? ECONOMICALLY & SOCIALLY4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S ,MR4 ,TUGWELL URGES ELECTION 
BY ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN PEOPLE ( !IR [N ,GOV]NORS SO ?AT !Y WILL NO 
LONG] HAVE A M]E COLONIAL /ATUS1 BUT WILL HAVE ! FULL RESPONSIBILITY 
( C>RY+ ON = !MSELVES4 

,PU]TO ,RICO CLE>LY HAS GREAT PRESS+ NE$ ( NEW 9DU/RIES1 NEW CROPS 
( /APLE FOOD/UFFS = HOME CONSUMPTION 9/EAD ( EXPORT1 HI<] M9IMUM 
WAGES1 ABOLITION ( *ILD LABOR1 HEAL? CL9ICS1 MORE S*OOLS = BO? 
*ILDR5 & ADULTS1 & TRA9+ C5T]S = BO? 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL 
WORK]S4 ,& ! :OLE POPULATION W\LD B5EFIT IF !RE WAS LESS POLITICAL 
BICK]+4 

,?AT L& ( SPL5DOR & SQUALOR /&S AS A GL>+ EXAMPLE ( ! 
EVILS ( IMP]IALISM & AS EVID5CE ( ! CLEAN-UP JOB :I* \<T TO 
BE DONE ON \R [N DOOR/EP BE=E WE BEG9 TAK+ C>E ( ! :OLE WORLD4 

"9 ,I,T.> #aicg ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN ,LEGISLATURE 5ACT$ A LAW PROVID+ = 
DISSEM9ATION ( BIR? CONTROL 9=MATION ?R\< CL9ICS ,I ,?\< ?AT 
LAW HAS /OOD A TE/ ,I,T,T TE/ C\RTS1 & ?\< CONT9UES /RONG AT LEA/ 
#bh COMMUNITIES >E ACTIVE1 RELIGI\S OPPOSITION TO !M LIMITATION CONT9UES 
/RONG4 ,SO ! ,PU]TO ,RICANS MULTIPLY EV5 ?\< MO/ ( !M NEV] HAVE 
5\< TO EAT4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidd 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ab -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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