,BRAZIL #b#a#f-#a#g3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,CRISIS & ,C\P ,D',ETAT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,AFT] A GR\NDSWELL ( AN>*I/ & AUTONOM\S PROTE/ 9 #b#a#c1 ,BRAZIL EXP]I5C$ A RI<T-W+ REACTION ?AT CULM9AT$ ) ! IMPEA*M5T ( ,PRESID5T ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF ( ! ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,P,T74 ,! EV5TS 9 ,BRAZIL (F] AN 9/RUCTIVE CASE /UDY ( PH5OM5A ?AT >E PREVAL5T ELSE:]E >\ND ! WORLD--9DE$1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MI<T HAVE EXP]I5C$ SOME?+ SIMIL> HAD ,HILL>Y ,CL9TON BE5 ELECT$4 ,LOOK+ AT ,BRAZIL1 WE CAN ID5TIFY ! DANG]S ( PREMIS+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ON PRES5T+ DEM&S TO ! AU?ORITIES2 WE CAN SEE H[ ! DISC\RSE ( 0FI<T+ CORRUPTION0 S]VES RI<T-W+ =CES JOCKEY+ ) LEFT P>TIES TO HOLD /ATE P[]1 :ILE LEGITIMIZ+ ! FUNCTION ( ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF2 WE CAN /UDY H[ RI<T-W+ GR\PS APPROPRIATE ! TACTICAL 9NOVATIONS ( AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 & EXPLORE WAYS TO DEF5D \RSELVES AGA9/ ?IS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 9 A TIME :5 LEFT & RI<T P>TIES >E 5GAG$ 9 9CREAS+LY PIT*$ /RUGGLES = CONTROL ( ! /ATE1 WE HAVE TO C>VE \T SPACE = SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT REJECT ! /ATE ITSELF1 RESI/+ ! ATTEMPTS ( ALL P>TIES TO MANIPULATE OR SUBORD9ATE US4 ,! ,BRAZILIAN EXAMPLE (F]S AN IMPORTANT REF]5CE PO9T = ! *ALL5GES & OPPORTUNITIES ?AT FACE US TODAY4 

,?IS ANALYSIS PICKS UP :]E \R COV]AGE ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ,BRAZIL BETWE5 #bac & #bae LEAVES (F4 ,= MORE BACKGR\ND ON POPUL> /RUGGLES 9 ,BRAZIL1 READ \R REPORTS ON ! #bac UPRIS+ & ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! #bad ,WORLD ,CUP1 & LI/5 TO EPISODES #g & #be ( ! ,EX-,WORK] PODCA/4 

,9TRODUCTION3 ,GOV]N+ )\T ! ,BALLOT ,BOX 

,9 #b#a#f1 ! ,BRAZILIAN P>LIAM5T DISMISS$ ,PRESID5T ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,P,T7 AFT] *>G+ H] ) COMMITT+ 0FISCAL IRREGUL>ITIES0 KN[N AS P$ALADAS FISCAIS4 ,ON ,APRIL #a#g1 ! IMPEA*M5T VOTE AT ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES WAS BROADCA/ LIVE ON TELEVISION LIKE A FOOTBALL MAT*3 ! :OLE C\NTRY WAT*$ ! POLITICIANS DECL>E ?AT !Y HAD VOT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD1 ,JESUS1 ! ,FAMILY1 GOOD MORALITY & 9 MEMORY ( ! TORTUR]S & MURD]]S ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,DICTATOR%IP 7#a#i#f#d-#a#i#h#e74 ,AT ! 5D ( ?IS DI/URB+ SPECTACLE1 #cfg ( ! #eac DEPUTIES VOT$ = ! PRESID5T TO LEAVE (FICE4 ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF TEMPOR>ILY /EPP$ D[N & H] VICE PRESID5T1 ,MI*EL ,TEM] ( ! ,P,M,D,B1 TOOK OV] 9 ! 9T]IM4 ,F\R MON?S LAT]1 ON ,AUGU/ #c#a1 ! ,S5ATE F9ALLY PASS$ ! ,IMPEA*M5T BY #fa VOTES TO #b & ,TEM] BECAME PRESID5T1 UND]TAK+ A RADICAL RE/RUCTUR+ ( ! 5TIRE GOV]NM5T & ITS M9I/RIES4 ,IT WAS ! 5D ( ! ,P,T'S #a#c-YE> RULE1 ! LONGE/ T5URE ( A POLITICAL P>TY 9 ! C\NTRY'S PRESID5CY S9CE RE-DEMOCRATIZATION4 

,! DEPUTIES & S5ATORS :O VOT$ TO IMPEA* ! PRESID5T >E ! POLITICAL SPOKESPEOPLE ( ,BRAZIL'S 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN ELITES1 & MANY ( !M >E ALSO ,PROTE/ANT ,*RI/IANS4 ,! 5TIRE PROCESS WAS OP5LY SUPPORT$ BY MA9/REAM M$IA & CONS]VATIVE MOVEM5TS 9 G5]AL--! SAME GR\PS BEH9D ! REACTION>Y 0ANTI-CORRUPTION0 PROTE/S ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 HUNDR$S ( CITIES4 

,! FALL ( ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T U%]$ 9 AN EV5 WORSE FUTURE = ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS AS WELL AS = PEOPLE 9 P]IPH]IES_/<ETTOS1 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS1 & BLACK & ,L,G,B,T,Q,I PEOPLE4 ,! ECONOMIC GA9S FROM SOCIAL POLICIES IMPLEM5T$ BY ,LULA & ,DILMA'S P>TY >E 9SIGNIFICANT TO ! TRADITIONAL ELITES4 ,)\T ,DILMA1 ! ,P,M,D,B ( ,MR4 ,TEM] & HIS ALLIES PROMPTLY IMPLEM5T$ AGGRESSIVELY NEOLIB]AL & ANTI-POPUL> MEASURES TO MEET ! DEM&S ( ! RI*4 ,:5 ,TEM] TOOK P[]1 HE ACT$ AS IF HE HAD NOT BE5 ELECT$ ON ! SAME ELECTORAL TICKET AS ,DILMA4 ,HE />T$ TO EX]CISE A M&ATE & A PROJECT ( HIS [N1 ONE ?AT REPRES5T$ ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ELITES :O HAVE BE5 US$ TO RUL+ ALONE = DECADES N[--) OR )\T A VICTORY AT ! POLLS4 

,BUT ! ROAD LEAD+ UP TO ! #baf IMPEA*M5T IS LONG & MU* MORE COMPLEX ?AN ! DI*OTOMY BETWE5 BETRAY]S & BETRAY$4 ,BE=E BE+ BETRAY$ BY ITS ALLIES1 ! ,P,T BETRAY$ ITS [N PR9CIPLES & ?OSE ( MANY :O SUPPORT$ IT 9 ORD] TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! CURR5T POLITICAL CRISIS 9 ,BRAZIL1 WE MU/ ANALYZE ! POLITICAL TRAJECTORY ?AT BR\<T US H]E4 

,NOT A ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE1 BUT A ,CLASS ,PACT 

,! ONLY REASON ,MI*EL ,TEM] IS PRESID5T ( ,BRAZIL TODAY IS BECAUSE ! ,P,T 9VIT$ HIM TO S]VE AS ,DILMA'S ,VICE ,PRESID5T4 ,?IS MOVE WAS P>T ( ! ,P,T'S /RATEGY TO RECONCILE CLASS CONFLICT4 ,H[EV] ! PLAN BACKFIR$1 & 9 ! 5D ,TEM] BIT ! H& ?AT F$ HIM4 ,LIKE ,TEM]1 ! BIG ECONOMIC 9T]E/ GR\PS W]E NOT ABS5T FROM ,LULA OR ,DILMA'S GOV]NM5T4 ,EV5 :ILE ! ,P,T WAS 9 P[]1 ?OSE ELITES W]E !RE BEH9D ! SC5ES COOP]AT+ :5 IT WAS CONV5I5T = BO? P>TIES4 

,! ,P,T US$ ! CLEV] /RATEGY ( CLASS RECONCILIATION TO W9 ! #bb ELECTIONS4 ,9 HIS 0LETT] TO ! ,BRAZILIAN PEOPLE10 ,LULA TRI$ TO CALM ! F9ANCIAL M>KET & ALL ?OSE :O HAD FE>$ ! VICTORY ( A PRO-UNION PRESID5T4 ,9 ! LETT]1 HE WROTE ?AT HE 9T5D$ TO RESPECT ! /ATE'S COMMITM5TS TO EXT]NAL DEBT & NOT TO TAKE UNILAT]AL MEASURES4 ,AS WAS TO BE EXPECT$1 :5 ! LEFTI/ ,P,T P>TY GA9$ P[]1 IT DID NOT MAKE ITSELF AN 5EMY ( ! ELITES1 BUT RA!R AN ALLY 9 ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,DUR+ ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,LUIZ ,9ACIO ,LULA DA ,SILVA 7#b#c-#b#h7 & ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF 7#b#a#a-#b#a#f71 ,BRAZIL BECAME AN EM]G5T FIGURE 9 ! WORLD ECONOMY BAS$ ON PRIM>Y COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 HI< 9T]NATIONAL PRICES1 ! CREATION ( #a4#e MILLION NEW M9IMUM WAGE JOBS1 & GRANT+ NEW PUR*AS+ P[] TO ! POOR *IEFLY VIA ! EXPANSION ( MICRO-CR$IT 7I4E41 MASSIVE 9DEBT$NESS = ! POOR & ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS74 ,MEAN:ILE1 PUBLIC DEBT ONLY 9CREAS$2 BANKS & F9ANCIAL SY/EMS W]E PR(IT+ AT HI/ORICALLY HI< LEVELS4 

,:AT WAS DECISIVE 9 ?IS SC5>IO W]E ! FAVORABLE CONDITIONS \TSIDE ( ,BRAZIL4 ,! #bh F9ANCIAL CRISIS HAD A DEVA/AT+ EFFECT ON ,U,S & ,EUROPEAN M>KETS4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 CAPITAL FROM ! C5TRAL C\NTRIES--! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,EUROPE--WAS 9VE/$ 9 ! P]IPH]IES4 ,9 ADDITION1 ,*9A CONT9U$ TO GR[ & BECAME ,BRAZIL'S MO/ IMPORTANT 9T]NATIONAL P>TN]1 BUY+ RAW MAT]IALS & SELL+ 9DU/RIALIZ$ PRODUCTS4 ,?IS TRADE P>TN]%IP PROVID$ ! RES\RCES TO IMPLEM5T ! MASSIVE SOCIAL PROGRAMS ?AT RELIEV$ #de MILLION PEOPLE ( EXTREME POV]TY4 ,BUT ,LULA'S 9T5TIONS W]E NOT PURELY B5EVOL5T3 HE CONV9C$ ! RI* ELITES ?AT 9CORPORAT+ IMPOV]I%$ REGIONS & PEOPLES BACK 9TO ! ECONOMY W\LD /IMULATE ! ECONOMY & PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES = ! C\NTRY'S ELITE TO MAKE EV5 MORE MONEY4 

,FISCAL PROGRAMS ?AT FACILITAT$ ACCESS TO P]SONAL CR$IT W]E ALSO 9TRODUC$ >\ND ?IS TIME4 ,?IS WAS A /RATEGIC MOVE ?AT EXP&$ ! DOME/IC M>KET TO B5EFIT EXCLUD$ POPULATIONS ?AT HAD BE5 %AP$ BY MORE OLIG>*IC POLITICIANS = DECADES1 SU* AS ,NOR!A/ ,BRAZIL & MO/ URBAN POOR NEI<BORHOODS & FAVELAS4 ,9 JU/ A %ORT TIME1 ALL ?OSE PEOPLE RECEIV$ UNPREC$5T$ ECONOMIC B5EFITS4 ,S9CE ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! ,BRAZILIAN POPULATION IS POOR1 ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY SECUR$ A SOLID 5\< POLITICAL BASE TO BE ELECT$ F\R TIMES 9 A R[4 

,9 ! %ORT T]M1 BO? ! RI* & ! POOR HAD !IR NE$S MET4 ,! EFFECT WAS ONE ( SOCIAL APPEASEM5T1 CAUS+ GRASSROOTS SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TO DIE D[N4 ,TRADE UNION LEAD]S W]E ELECT$ 9TO GOV]NM5T POSITIONS & AS A RESULT !Y /OPP$ OPPOS+ ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T'S POLICIES1 NO MATT] H[ REACTION>Y !Y W]E4 ,AGR>IAN RE=M PRACTICALLY CEAS$ :5 ,LULA CAME TO P[] & UND] ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF'S ADM9I/RATION1 & ! DEM>CATION ( 9DIG5\S L&S WAS ! SMALLE/ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! DEMOCRATIC ]A4 ,! ,P,T *OSE TO PRIORITIZE ! 9T]E/S ( AGRIBUS9ESS & LATIFUNDIA 7L>GE L&$ E/ATES BELONG+ TO ! WEAL?Y7 OV] GU>ANTEE+ 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & PEASANT FAMILIES ! RI<T TO L&4 

,! ,P,T FA%ION$ ITSELF ! P>TY ( ! PEOPLE1 ! P>TY ?AT C>$ = ! WORK]S & ! POOR4 ,BUT 9SIDE ! PALACES1 IT %OOK H&S ) ! CONS]VATIVE1 CORRUPT1 & NEO-LIB]AL GR\PS ?AT TOOK OV] ! ECONOMY :ILE ! ,P,T ADM9I/]$ SOCIAL RE/RUCTUR+ & PUBLIC POLICIES4 ,CORRUPTION1 BRIB]Y & O!R ILLEGAL MEANS W]E ESS5TIAL = ! ,P,T2 !Y BECOME A P>TY AS DI%ONE/ AS ANY O!R 9 P[]4 

,! ,DECL9E ( A ,LEFTI/ ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 

,9 ! LA/ TWO DECADES1 MU* ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAS GR[N WE>Y ( ! TRADITIONAL B\RGEOIS RI<T4 ,?IS HAS OP5$ UP SPACE = POPUL> LEFT-W+ GOV]NM5TS TO EM]GE 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES4 ,C\NTRIES SU* AS ,V5EZUELA1 ,BOLIVIA1 & ,ECUADOR *OSE ! 0,BOLIV>IAN0 WAY--A COMB9ATION ( ANTI-IMP]IALI/1 ANTI-NEOLIB]AL1 & ANTI-OLIG>*IC POSITIONS4 ,?IS POSITION GA9$ EM95CE 9 C\NTRIES :]E AU?ORIT>IAN /ATES TURN$ AGA9/ !IR POPULATIONS4 ,O!R C\NTRIES SU* AS ,*ILI1 ,URUGUAY1 & ,BRAZIL =M$ COALITIONS BETWE5 SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC & NEO-LIB]AL P>TIES1 UNIT+ LEFT-W+ P>TIES ) O!R C5T] OR MOD]ATE P>TIES TO PRES]VE NEOLIB]AL DOCTR9ES & ! SO-CALL$ 0,WA%+TON ,CONS5SUS40 ,!Y CONT9UE TO APPLY PROGRESSIVE MEASURES1 9/ITUT+ SOCIAL PROGRAMS ?AT M9IMALLY IMPROVE ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ( ! POOR )\T EV] DEFY+ ! /RUCTURES ?AT PRODUCE & MA9TA9 9EQUALITY4 

,SOCIAL PROGRAMS LIKE ! ,BOLSA ,FAMILIA BECAME R5[N$ WORLDWIDE4 ,! ,LULA GOV]NM5T C\NTS GETT+ #de MILLION PEOPLE \T ( POV]TY AS ONE ( ITS GREATE/ A*IEVEM5TS4 ,BUT ,BOLSA ,FAMILIA IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A ,CONDITIONAL ,CA% ,TRANSF] 7,C,C,T7 PROGRAM RECOMM5D$ BY F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT S]VE ! RI*1 SU* AS ! ,I,M,F4 ,! AV]AGE #agf ,BRAZILIAN ,REAIS GRANT$ TO EA* FAMILY 7AB\T @s#e#e 9 ,U,S DOLL>S7 MAKES A DIFF]5CE = MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O HAVE NO?+4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS SUM IS PETTY COMP>$ TO UNEMPLOYM5T B5EFITS & O!R SOCIAL PROGRAMS ?AT >E 9 PLACE 9 RI* C\NTRIES LIKE ,FRANCE OR ,G]MANY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ?IS SMALL SUM ( MONEY DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ?AT EXCLUD$ CLASSES WILL ACTUALLY BE 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! ECONOMY3 IT ONLY ALL[S PEOPLE TO PUR*ASE CONSUM] GOODS4 ,IT DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ACCESS TO H\S+ OR HI<] $UCATION1 TWO ?+S ?AT W\LD BE MORE LIKELY TO GIVE ,BRAZIL'S POORE/ POPULATIONS ! PROSPECT ( LONG-T]M IMPROVEM5T 9 !IR SOCIAL /&+4 

,! /RATEGIC USE ( !SE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL POLICIES HELP$ ,LULA COME TO P[] & MA9TA9 HIS POSITION4 ,AFT] LOS+ ?REE CONSECUTIVE PRESID5TIAL ELECTIONS 7#a#i#h#i1 #a#i#i#d1 #a#i#i#h71 ! ,P,T TOOK A MORE MOD]ATE POSITION4 ,IT *OSE ! TYPICAL PA? ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY3 A SOCIALISM ?AT EX*ANGES REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE = ! ELECTORAL CONTE/ TO CONTROL ! /ATE & C>RY \T EM]G5CY SOCIAL POLICIES4 ,9 PRACTICE1 ?IS PROJECT ( GOV]NANCE AB&ON$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ORD] TO SEEK CLASS CONCILIATION ?AT MO/ B5EFITT$ ! ELITES4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,P,T MADE A /RATEGIC MI/AKE3 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT IF !Y GOV]N$ TO B5EFIT ! OLD ELITE1 !Y W\LD BE CONSID]$ A P>T ( ?AT ELITE4 ,! ELITE DO NOT WELCOME NEW MEMB]S & >E USUALLY SELF-SUFFICI5T4 ,EV5 :5 !Y WORK$ ) RI<T-W+ POLITICIANS1 AGRIBUS9ESS1 & 9DU/RY CONGLOM]ATES1 TO ! OLD ELITE ,LULA & ! ,P,T /ILL REPRES5T$ ! IMAGE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ( ! POOR1 ( BLACK PEOPLE & LEFTI/S4 

,IT WAS ! ELITE !MSELVES1 NOT ! POOR CLASSES1 :O DECID$ TO BREAK ! PACT CREAT$ BY ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY4 ,!Y TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?IS OPPORTUNITY AS SOON AS !Y REALIZ$ IT WAS NO LONG] NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 !IR PREVI\S AGREEM5TS4 ,! PROBLEM WAS NOT ?AT ! POOR W]E RECEIV+ MONEY1 BUT ?AT ! RI* W]E NOT MAK+ 5\<4 ,! YE>S PASS$1 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD WORS5$1 & F9ALLY ! RECESSION HIT ,BRAZIL4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5$1 ,DILMA'S SOLUTION WAS TO TRY TO BREAK ! AGREEM5TS ?AT HAD PROVID$ SECURITY = ! ELITES S9CE ! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,LULA ]A4 ,! PACT WAS NO LONG] 5\<1 & ! SAME ELITES BEH9D 9DU/RY1 AGRIBUS9ESS1 & BANKS DEM&$ ! PURE/ NEOLIB]ALISM4 ,!Y QUICKLY GOT TOGE!R ) !IR P>LIAM5T>Y ALLIES & REORGANIZ$ !IR AG5DA TO IMPOSE AU/]ITY POLICIES ?AT MADE H>% WELF>E & $UCATION CUTS :ILE AT ! SAME TIME SLA%+ RI<TS & FRE$OMS4 

,AS ,TEM] HIMSELF >GUES1 ! MOTIONS = IMPEA*M5T BEGAN :5 ,DILMA REFUS$ TO ACCEPT A NEOLIB]AL PROJECT KN[N AS 0,A ,BRIDGE TO ! ,FUTURE10 :I* WAS DESIGN$ BY ! ,P,M,D,B 9 #b#a#e4 ,! PLAN WAS TO PAY BACK PUBLIC DEBT TO BANKS BY US+ MONEY ?AT W\LD O!RWISE GO T[>DS $UCATION1 HEAL?1 & SOCIAL PROGRAMS4 ,! ACCUSATION ( CORRUPTION CAME ONLY LAT]1 AS A MORE LEGITIMATE PRETEXT TO OV]?R[ ! PRESID5T4 ,$U>DO ,CUNHA1 ALSO ( ! ,P,M,D,B1 ACCEPT$ ! IMPEA*M5T REQUE/ MADE AGA9/ ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF 9 ,DECEMB] ( ?AT YE> ON ACCUSATIONS ( 0FISCAL IRRESPONSIBILITY0 & A POSSIBLE RELATION%IP ) ! CORRUPTION SC&AL REVEAL$ BY ! HUGE POLICE OP]ATION1 ,LAVA ,JATO4 ,GOV]NM5T APPROVAL RAT+S1 :I* HAD REA*$ #h P]C5T ?REE YE>S E>LI]1 FELL TO JU/ #h P]C5T AFT] MASSIVE ATTACKS AGA9/ H] BY ! C\NTRY'S JUDICI>Y & BY ! M$IA4 ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF'S EXIT DOOR WAS BE+ OP5$4 

,?IS DID NOT HAPP5 ONLY 9 ,BRAZIL3 ! PROJECTS ( LEFT-W+ ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5TS >E LOS+ MOM5TUM & IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT MANY PEOPLE HAVE GR[N TIR$ ( WAIT+ = DEEP SOCIAL & ECONOMIC *ANGE & >E N[ BE+ S$UC$ BY RI<T-W+ DISC\RSES4 ,LOCAL ELITES HAVE ALREADY ATTEMPT$ C\PS 9 ,V5EZUELA1 ,ECUADOR1 & ,BOLIVIA4 ,9 ,HONDURAS & ,P>AGUAY1 ! ELITES HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 DEPOS+ DEMOCRATICALLY-ELECT$ PRESID5TS :O ATTEMPT$ TO IMPLEM5T SUP]FICIAL RE=MS ?AT DIDN'T B5EFIT ! RI*4 ,9 ,>G5T9A1 ,CRI/9A ,KIR*N]'S ,P]ONISM GAVE WAY TO ! NEOLIB]AL ,MAURICIO ,MACRI4 ,V5EZUELA1 ! FIR/ C\NTRY TO ELECT A SOCIALI/ & ,BOLIV>IANI/.<#a.> PRESID5T AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 HAS 5T]$ 9TO A DEEP ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE A SOLUTION 9 SI<T4 ,9 ,BOLIVIA1 ,EVO ,MORALES1 ! PEASANT & 9DIG5\S PRESID5T1 DISAPPO9T$ CITY UNIONS & PEASANTS' MOVEM5TS & LO/ A REF]5DUM ?AT W\LD HAVE ALL[$ ! PRESID5T TO RUN = A ?IRD T]M4 ,BY PROMIS+ TRUE SOCIAL JU/ICE & ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 :I* CANNOT BE DELIV]$ )9 CAPITALISM1 ! ,LEFT FUEL$ A POPUL> DISILLUSIONM5T ?AT WILL 5C\RAGE RI<T-W+ POLITICIANS TO BR+ BACK PURE NEOLIB]ALISM OR WORSE4 

,! ,C\P3 0,FI<T+ ,CORRUPTION0 AS A ,WEAPON AGA9/ ,POLITICAL ,5EMIES 

0,= ME !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! WOR/ ( DEMOCRACIES IS ALWAYS PREF]ABLE1 IF ONLY FROM ! $UCATIONAL PO9T ( VIEW1 TO ! BE/ ( DICTATOR%IPS4 ,( C\RSE DEMOCRACY1 SO-CALL$ GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE1 IS A LIE2 BUT ! LIE ALWAYS SLI<TLY B9DS ! LI> & LIMITS ! EXT5T ( HIS >BITR>Y P[]4 ,( C\RSE ! 'SOV]EIGN PEOPLE' IS A CL[N ( A SOV]EIGN1 A SLAVE ) A PAPI]-MA*E CR[N & SCEPT]40 

-,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,AL?\< MANY ( ! POLITICIANS 9 ! ,P,T W]E EI!R UND] 9VE/IGATION = CORRUPTION OR HAD ALREADY BE5 CONVICT$ ( IT1 NOBODY C\LD PROVE ?AT ,PRESID5T ,DILMA WAS 9VOLV$ 9 !SE CRIMES4 ,! IMPEA*M5T PROC$URE WAS AN 9/ITUTIONAL C\P D'ETAT DISGUIS$ AS A FI<T AGA9/ CORRUPTION4 ,DI/ORT$ 9T]PRETATIONS & MANIPULATIONS ( ! LAWS W]E US$ TO BR+ AB\T ! ANNULM5T ( ! ELECTION 9 ORD] TO BR+ TO P[] A POLITICAL PROGRAM ?AT HAS NOT WON ELECTIONS = OV] A DECADE4 ,S9CE ! ELECTIONS FAIL$ TO UNSEAT EI!R ,LULA OR ,DILMA1 ! C\P WAS ! ONLY WAY = ! OPPOSITION TO IMPLEM5T SOCIAL & POLITICAL MEASURES ?AT W]E EV5 WORSE ?AN ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC MEASURES PUT 9TO PLACE BY ! ,P,T4 

,! CAUSE = ! C\P WAS POLITICAL1 NOT E?ICAL4 ,?IS BECAME OBVI\S :5 ! PROSECUTION FAIL$ TO PROVE ?AT ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF HAD ANY RELATION%IP TO ! CRIMES 9VE/IGAT$ BY ! ,LAVA ,JATO OP]ATION4 ,?IS OP]ATION1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,F$]AL ,POLICE1 WAS AN 9VE/IGATION 9TO :AT BECAME ! BIGGE/ CORRUPTION SC&AL 9 ,BRAZILIAN HI/ORY4 ,! OP]ATION HAS ALREADY 9DICT$ #e POLITICIANS FROM SIX P>TIES AS WELL AS ! DIRECTORS ( T5 ( ! L>GE/ COMPANIES & CONTRACTORS 9 ,BRAZIL & 9 ! 5TIRE WORLD1 9CLUD+ ! ,BRAZILIAN COMPANY ,PETROBRAS4 ,:5 ! POLICE W5T ON TO 9VE/IGATE ,P,T POLITICIANS1 9 P>TICUL> =M] ,PRESID5T ,LULA1 ! M$IA MADE A PO9T ( US+ ! 9VE/IGATION TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! ,P,T POLITICIANS W]E ! SOLE =CES ( CORRUPTION 9 ALL ( POLITICS4 ,?IS 9CIT$ /REET DEMON/RATIONS ?AT BUILT LEGITIMACY = ! C\P4 ,! ELITE HAD DECID$ ?AT ! BE/ /RATEGY W\LD BE TO PUT ANO!R PRESID5T 9 *>GE & !N CALL (F ! 9VE/IGATIONS TO SP>E ! RE/ ( ! POLITICIANS4 ,P]HAPS ! BIGGE/ B5EFIT ( ! ,LAVA ,JATO OP]ATION HAS BE5 TO %[ ?AT CORRUPTION IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM2 IT P]VADES VIRTUALLY EV]Y P>TY & EV]Y MAJOR BUS9ESS 9 ! C\NTRY ?AT F9ANCES ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS = ! LEFT & = ! RI<T-W+ P>TIES4 

,MORE ?AN HALF ( ! LAWMAK]S :O 9VE/IGAT$ ! PRESID5T >E ALSO BE+ 9VE/IGAT$ OR HAVE ALREADY BE5 CONVICT$ ( CORRUPTION CRIMES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,DEPUTY ,$U>DO ,CUNHA1 :O WAS RESPONSIBLE = 9ITIAT+ ! IMPEA*M5T PROCESS 9 #b#a#e1 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,OCTOB] #baf ON *>GES ( BE+ 9VOLV$ 9 BRIB]Y & MONEY LAUND]+4 

,! 0FISCAL P$ALS0 7! DELAY 9 ! PAYM5T ( BANK LOANS US$ = SOCIAL PROGRAMS SU* AS ,BOLSA ,FAMILIA7 >E A TE*NIQUE US$ BY MANY MAYORS1 GOV]NORS1 & ALMO/ ALL =M] PRESID5TS BE=E ,DILMA4 ,EV5 ! PROSECUTOR ( ! ,F$]AL ,PUBLIC ,M9I/RY US$ !SE FISCAL P$ALS4 ,BUT ,DILMA WAS ! FIR/ TO BE 9DICT$ ON CRIM9AL *>GES = DO+ SO4 ,! MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T DID NOT TAKE ?IS 9TO CONSID]ATION :5 !Y VOT$ TO IMPEA* A DEMOCRATICALLY-ELECT$ PRESID5T4 ,JU/ TWO DAYS AFT] VOT+ = IMPEA*M5T1 ! ,S5ATE PASS$ A LAW ?AT MADE P$AL+ A MANEUV] ?AT IS LAWFUL :5 DONE BY ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] US+ FISCAL P$AL+ AS ! MA9 *>GE AGA9/ ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF1 ,CONGRESS MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = SU* ACCUSATIONS TO BE US$ AGA9/ ! NEW PRESID5T4 

,! T]M CORRUPTION IS US$ ONLY TO CLASSIFY AN 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P AS 5EMIES ( MORALITY & GOOD MANN]S4 ,! SPECTACLE ( CORRUPTION ?US APPEALS TO 0COMMON S5SE02 IT WAS SUPPORT$ & LEGITIMIZ$ BY ! CR[DS ?AT TOOK TO ! /REETS 9 PROTE/4 ,CORRUPTION DISC\RSE IS A POLITICAL TE*NIQUE ?AT AIMS TO WEAK5 5EMIES & %IELD ALLIES4 ,IT IS A PRETEXT TO SUSP5D COMMON DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES1 DI/ORT LAWS1 & 5SURE ?AT P[] REMA9S 9 ! H&S ( A FEW PEOPLE )\T CAUS+ ANYONE TO QUE/ION ! SY/EM & ! CORRUPTION ?AT UND]P9S IT4 ,BY DEF9ITION1 DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T 5TAILS ! CONTROL ( A FEW PEOPLE OV] ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION4 ,! ELECTORAL SPECTACLE IS US$ TO GIVE LEGITIMACY TO ?IS4 ,BY NATURE1 DEMOCRATIC REGIMES >E EXCLUSIVE1 AU?ORIT>IAN1 & OPPRESSIVE SY/EMS 9 :I* \R P>TICIPATION & \R SELF-DET]M9ATION >E LIMIT$ AT ALL TIMES BY POLITICAL REPRES5TATION & POLICE REPRESSION4 

,YET :5 !IR AG5TS & 9/ITUTIONS OP5LY VIOLATE & DI/ORT !IR [N LAWS1 ?IS IS AN 9DICATION ?AT WE WILL HAVE MANY MORE PROBLEMS AHEAD1 & ?AT !RE WILL BE NO CON/ITUTIONAL RI<TS OR MAJORITY VOTE TO PROTECT US4 

,A ,C\P D',ETAT8 ,REVOLUTION1 ,/ATE ( ,EXCEPTION1 & ,:Y ,WE ,SAY ,C\P 

0,BY REF]R+ TO ! C\P D'ETAT1 WE CAN SAY 7OR WANT TO SAY7 ?AT IT IS P>T ( ! PA/1 OR ?AT IT IS A RELIC ( ! PA/2 BUT 9 FACT1 IS IT NOT AN*OR$ TO ! HE>T ( CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T PRACTICE8 ,IS IT NOT POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5TAL PRACTICE IS BAS$ ON ! P]MAN5T MODALITY ( A C\P8 ,C\LD US+ ! NOTION ( A C\P D'ETAT MEAN ?AT WE >E 9T]PRET+ ! G5]AL ECONOMY ( P[] 9 \R SOCIETIES AS IF !Y >E RELY+ MORE & MORE ON PRACTICES ( EXCEPTION8 ,IS NOT SPEAK+ ( A C\P N[ADAYS A WAY ( SAY+ ?AT ! FUNCTION+ ME*ANISMS ( P[] >E BAS$ ON MEASURES ( EXCEPTION & ?AT1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! EXCEPTION IS ! P>ADIGM = 9T]PRET+ \R MOD]NITY80 

,ROB]TO ,NIGRO1 0,VIOL5CIA DE ,E/ADO1 GOLPE DE ,E/ADO1 E/ADO DE EXCECAO40 

,:5 WE SPEAK ( A C\P D'ETAT1 WE T\* ON SOME?+ ?AT IS /ILL FRE% 9 ! C\NTRY'S MEMORY3 9 #a#i#f#d1 ,BRAZIL LIV$ ?R\< A CIVIL-MILIT>Y C\P ?AT OV]?REW A DEMOCRATICALLY-ELECT$ GOV]NM5T & PUT G5]ALS 9 P[] = #ba YE>S4 ,!RE WAS NO S]I\S EVID5CE ?AT AN >M$ /RUGGLE WAS AB\T TO TAKE P[] 9 ! C\NTRY1 BUT ECONOMIC & MILIT>Y ELITES FELT ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO ACT 0PREV5TIVELY40 ,?IS TOOK PLACE 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,COLD ,W> & ! DICTATOR%IPS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA CREAT$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! ,C,I,A & ! ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y4 ,!Y FE>$ ?AT ,BRAZIL 0W\LD BECOME A NEW ,CUBA OR A ,*9A40 ,OP]ATION ,BRO!R ,SAM1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,U,S ,NAVY 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,BRAZILIAN MILIT>Y1 DROVE ! 5TIRE ,C>IBBEAN FLEET TO ,BRAZIL ON ! EVE ( ! C\P ON ,M>* #c#a1 #a#i#f#d4 ,! C\P 9VOLV$ CLASSIC IMAGES ( TANKS & TROOPS OCCUPY+ ! /REETS1 TAK+ OV] ! PALACES & >RE/+ POLITICIANS1 IMPOS+ M>TIAL LAW1 AS WELL AS ! MILIT>Y SUPPORT ( ! WORLD'S BIGGE/ IMP]IALI/ P[]4 

,C\P D'ETAT OR ,REVOLUTION8 

,9 ! MOD]N ]A1 A C\P IS A MANEUV] US$ EI!R BY ELITE GR\PS OR BY ?OSE )9 ! /ATE TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! /ATE & EXCLUDE O!R ELITES FROM ?IS CONTROL4 ,IT DOES NOT ALT] ! SOCIAL ORD] OR ! POSITION ( CLASSES4 ,S9CE ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ! RISE ( MOD]N /ATES1 ! C\P D'ETAT HAS CEAS$ TO BE UND]/OOD AS A PRAISEWOR?Y ACT UND]TAK5 BY A NOBLE :O MU/ MA9TA9 ! ROYAL ORD] & IS 9/EAD SE5 AS AN ILLEGITIMATE VIOLATION ( ! CONT9UITY ( ! ,/ATE'S REASON = EXI/5CE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE >E MANY N>RATIVES ?AT PRAISE ! REVOLUTIONS ?AT CON/ITUT$ ! MOD]N /ATES4 ,NOT CO9CID5TALLY1 ! MILIT>Y 9VOLV$ 9 ! #aifd C\P 9 ,BRAZIL CALL$ ! EV5T A 0REVOLUTION0--& ITS CURR5T SUPPORT]S /ILL DO1 JU/ AS ! C\P ?AT 9/ILL$ ! ,REPUBLIC IS CALL$ A 0,PROCLAMATION0 & ! EV5TS ?AT PUT ,V>GAS 9 P[] 9 #aic >E ALSO DESCRIB$ AS A 0,REVOLUTION40 

,AS WE MI<T EXPECT1 :5 ! /REETS W]E FLOOD$ ) DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF & ! ,P,T 9 #b#a#e1 ! CONS]VATIVE MIDDLE CLASS & SOME F>-RI<T GR\PS DEM&$ MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION4 ,BUT ) ! 5D ( ! ,COLD ,W>1 ! ,C,I,A HAS LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 SUPPORT+ MILIT>Y GOV]NM5TS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA AGA91 S9CE DEMOCRATIC REGIMES HAVE PROV$ JU/ AS EFFECTIVE AS DICTATOR%IPS 9 KEEP+ DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES UND] ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CONTROL ( F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS & ! =EIGN M>KET4 ,?IS MODEL SPREAD ACROSS ! GLOBE4.<#b.> 

,EI!R WAY1 0C\P0 IS A T]M ?AT IS FR[N$ UPON & \TDAT$4 ,! CORRECT PROC$URE = AN ELITE WANT+ TO GET RID ( OR OV]?R[ ANO!R ELITE 7YES1 ! ,P,T IS JU/ ANO!R ELITE7 IS AN APPROA* ?AT APPE>S TO BE LEGAL & DEMOCRATIC1 LIKE A JUDGM5T BAS$ ON CONTROV]SIAL ACCUSATIONS ?AT DIVIDE ! OP9IONS ( POLITICAL SCI5TI/S & JURI/S OP]AT+ 9 ! T]RITORY BETWE5 ! LEGAL & ! ILLEGAL4 ,WE SAW SIMIL> MANEUV]S 9 ,HONDURAS 9 #bi & 9 ,P>AGUAY 9 #b#a#b4 ,P]HAPS ?IS ALL 9DICATES ?AT WE >E 5T]+ A NEW ]A 9 :I* A NEW TYPE ( C\P IS =MULAT$ )9 ! DEMOCRATIC GAME1 BUILD+ ITS LEGITIMACY ) ! SUPPORT ( CONS]VATIVE M$IA & /REET DEMON/RATIONS4 ,! CONSEQU5CE IS ?AT WE CANNOT CALL IT A C\P D'ETAT & !Y NO LONG] HAVE TO CALL IT A ,REVOLUTION4.<#c.> 

,:Y ,WE SAY ,C\P D',ETAT 

,) ! 5D ( ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP & ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! NEW ,F$]AL ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#i#h#h1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE ( ,LAW WAS CON/ITUT$ 9 ,BRAZIL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! CON/ITUTION1 ! ,BRAZILIAN ,/ATE 9T5D$ TO LIMIT ITS P[]S BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ! RULE ( LAW 7RESPECT = HUMAN RI<TS & 9T]NATIONAL FUNDAM5TAL RI<TS7 & ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE 7RESPECT = DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS & CON/ITUT$ LAWS1 PROMOTION ( EQUALITY ( ALL BE=E ! LAW & ( SOCIAL EQUALITY74 ,A /ATE ( EXCEPTION IS EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE ( ALL ?IS1 SUSP5D+ CON/ITUTIONAL LAWS1 RI<TS TO LIB]TY1 & PEOPLE'S BODIES & LIVES2 ! GOV]NM5T CONC5TRATES ALL P[] 9 ITS H&S TO DEAL ) AN EM]G5CY SITUATION OR A CRISIS ?AT ?REAT5S ! /ATE4 ,PRISON )\T JU/IFICATION OR DEF5SE1 REPRESSION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 TORTURE1 MURD]3 EV]Y?+ IS US$ TO GU>ANTEE ! REIGN ( LAW & ORD]4 

,WE DO NOT WANT TO POSIT A ,MANI*EAN B9>Y BETWE5 ! RULE ( LAW & ! /ATE ( EXCEPTION4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! RULE ( LAW IS ALSO A POLICE /ATE UND] ! CONTROL ( ! RUL+ CLASSES & CAPITALISM4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! RULE ( LAW PROTECTS CITIZ5S :O SUBMIT & ?AT IT SURVEILS1 >RE/S1 & EXT]M9ATES ?OSE :O REBEL & ?OSE :O >E NOT A P>T ( ITS HEGEMONIC NORMATIVITY3 ! P]IPH]AL1 ! NON-HET]OSEXUAL1 ! BLACK & 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS4 ,WE UND]/& ?AT ! RULE ( LAW DOES NOT ELIM9ATE AU?ORIT>IANISM OR COLONIAL EXPANSION & ?AT ! /ATE ( EXCEPTION HAS BECOME MORE & MORE NORMAL4 ,AVOID+ ! RULES1 SUSP5D+ FUNDAM5TAL RI<TS & FRE$OMS--!SE HAVE BECOME ! NORM = MOD]N /ATES4 

,9 #b#a#f1 WE DID NOT SEE ! SAME MILIT>IZ$ L&SCAPE ( #a#i#f#d2 YET WE /ILL CALL IT A C\P DUE TO ! EXTRALEGAL & EXCEPTIONAL FEATURES ?AT WE WITNESS$ DUR+ ?IS TIME4 ,LULA & ,DILMA'S ALLIES SAY !RE WAS A 0C\P0 TO SITUATE !MSELVES AS VICTIMS--AS IF !Y HAD NO CONNECTION ) ?OSE :O DESIGN$ !IR FALL1 AS IF IT W]E R$EMPTION AFT] YE>S ( LABOR+ TO LUBRICATE CAPITALI/ MA*9]Y :ILE ! RI<T HAD YET TO RETURN TO ! C5T] ( GOV]NM5T4 ,BY PROCLAIM+ ?AT !RE WAS A C\P1 !Y ASS]T ?AT ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,P,T HAVE AN UNQUE/IONABLE LEGITIMACY BECAUSE !Y W]E ELECT$ BY ! DEMOCRATIC VOTE4 ,WE DO NOT AGREE ) ?IS TYPE ( ANALYSIS4 ,9 ORD] TO DESCRIBE :AT HAPP5$ 9 #b#a#f1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO UND]/& ! T]M C\P D'ETAT ) A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE T[>DS ! /ATE & ITS LAWS4 ,WE NE$ TO MAKE ! USE ( ?IS WORD MORE COMPREH5SIBLE & UND]/& ?AT ! T]M 0/ATE ( EXCEPTION0 CAN BE US$ TO *>ACT]IZE MANY ( ! MANEUV]S ?AT RUL]S USE TO CONC5TRATE P[]4 ,?IS P]SPECTIVE W\LD BE ESPECIALLY B5EFICIAL 9 FACILITAT+ AN UND]/&+ ( ! MEASURES ( EXCEPTION IMPLEM5T$ BY ! ,P,T ITSELF4 

,:AT HAPP5$ 9 #baf IS A C\P BECAUSE ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T WAS NOT FELL$ BY =CES FROM BEL[1 SU* AS ! REBELLI\S OR ! 9SURRECTION>Y MASSES4 ,/ATE & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS W]E LEFT 9TACT4 ,ALL ?AT HAPP5$ WAS ?AT A GR\P ( LAWMAK]S PROV$ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE AN IMPEA*M5T PROC$URE TO OV]?R[ A MAJORITY-ELECT$ GOV]NM5T1 & ?AT PROV+ ?AT !Y COMMITT$ A CRIME IS NOT EV5 A PR]EQUISITE = DO+ SO4 

,9 DEMOCRACY1 CAPITALI/S & C>E] POLITICIANS TAKE TURNS 9 P[] ACCORD+ TO ! \TCOME ( ! ELECTIONS4 ,EV5TUALLY1 A LEFTI/ P>TY OR A POLITICIAN ( WORK+ CLASS BACKGR\ND MAY REA* ! GOV]NM5T ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y PROMISE TO PLAY ! SAME GAME AS ?OSE :O NORMALLY HOLD (FICE4 ,?IS GAME IS M$IAT$ BY LAWS1 ?AT IS1 BY AGREEM5TS MADE BETWE5 ELITES & IMPOS$ ON ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION4 ,:5 !SE LAWS >E SUSP5D$ OR DI/ORT$ TO FAVOR A P[]FUL GR\P1 WE CALL IT A C\P D'ETAT BECAUSE IT PROVES ?AT ! \TCOME ( ! ELECTORAL GAME CAN BE DISAV[$ :5 AN ELITE IS ABLE TO MANIPULATE ! LAWS 9 ITS FAVOR4 ,EV5 IF ALL ( ?IS IS NOT FOLL[$ BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A DICTATOR%IP & EV5 IF ! SAME CON/ITUTIONAL LAWS CONT9UE TO APPLY 9 ! SAME WAY1 IT IS /ILL A C\P D'ETAT4 

,ALL ( ?IS 9/ABILITY MAKES IT CLE> ?AT DEMOCRACY SETTL$ H]E 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ACCORD+ TO A V]Y DIFF]5T MODEL ?AN ! ,EUROPEAN & ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN BLUEPR9T4 ,WE CAN SEE CLE>LY ?AT ! =CES DOM9AT+ ?IS C\NTRY >E MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! P>TIES & ! VOTE4 ,9 DEMOCRATIC C\NTRIES1 /ATES 9H]IT$ !IR >MY1 !IR LAWS1 !IR PRISONS & !IR BORD]S FROM ! K+S & !IR EMPIRES4 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 ! YE>S ( DICTATOR%IP LEFT ! SAME POLICE & LEGAL APP>ATUS 9 PLACE & ! SAME B\RGEOISIE 9 *>GE ( 9DU/RY1 ! M$IA1 & ! BANKS4 ,?IS H]ITAGE IS F> FROM BE+ OV]COME--& IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO RE=M4 

,A ,C5TURY ( ,DICTATOR%IPS ,PUNCTUAT$ BY ,BRIEF ,MOM5TS ( ,B\RGEOIS ,DEMOCRACY 

0,!RE IS NO CLE> DI/9CTION BETWE5 DICTATOR%IP & DEMOCRACY4 ,ALL GOV]NM5TS DICTATE1 MANY DICTATORS >E ELECT$1 & ! SUBJECTS ( TYPICAL DICTATOR%IPS (T5 HAVE WAYS TO 9FLU5CE ! GOV]NM5T ?AT >E MORE DIRECT ?AN ! MEANS 5JOY$ BY CITIZ5S ( TYPICAL DEMOCRACIES40 

,PET] ,GELD]LOOS1 ,! ,FAILURE ( ,NONVIOL5CE 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,BRAZILIAN ,REPUBLIC1 DEMOCRACY1 ! C\P D'ETAT1 & AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES IS TR\BL$ & 9T5SE1 BUT IT HELPS SITUATE US 9 \R PRES5T CONTEXT & ! PA? ?AT BR\<T US H]E4 ,:5 ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF WAS ELECT$ PRESID5T 9 #b#a1 %E WAS ! ONLY C&IDATE TO HAVE A VICE PRESID5T FROM ANO!R P>TY3 ,MI*EL ,TEM]1 ( ! ,P,M,D,B 7,BRAZILIAN ,DEMOCRATIC ,MOVEM5T ,P>TY74 ,?IS IS ! L>GE/ P>TY 9 ,BRAZIL2 TODAY IT REPRES5TS ! C5T]-RI<T1 ) MO/LY CONS]VATIVE MEMB]S4 

,DILMA'S MANEUV] WAS NOT SOME?+ NEW1 BUT A REPETITION ( A TACTIC US$ BY H] PR$ECESSOR4 ,LULA HAD BECOME FAM\S AS ! FIR/ PRESID5T ) A WORK+ CLASS BACKGR\ND & A PA/ AS A UNION LEAD]4 ,H[EV]1 HE 9VIT$ ,JOSE ,AL5C>1 A WEAL?Y BUS9ESSMAN FROM A C5T]-RI<T P>TY1 TO BE HIS VICE PRESID5T4 ,FROM ! \TSET1 ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T S\<T TO BUILD AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 /ATE1 POLITICAL1 & ECONOMIC ELITES & ! >I/OCRACY ( LABOR UNIONS & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,! ,P,M,D,B ORIG9AT$ 9 ! ,BRAZILIAN CIVIL-MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP1 :5 ONLY TWO P>TIES W]E ALL[$ TO EXI/4 ,ALL O!R P>TIES W]E PROHIBIT$ & SOME ( ?OSE ON ! LEFT JO9$ ! >M$ GU]RILLAS4 ,! ,>,5,A WAS ! MILIT>Y P>TY & ! ,M,D,B WAS F\ND$ 9 #aiff AS ! ONLY P>TY TO OPPOSE ! REGIME 9 A NON-CL&E/9E WAY4 ,AFT] ! TRANSITION BACK TO DEMOCRACY1 ! P>TIES CEAS$ TO BE ILLEGAL4 ,! ,M,D,B BECAME ! ,P,M,D,B1 & P>TIES SU* AS ! ,P,T EM]G$1 ALONG ) ITS CURR5T GREATE/ OPPON5T1 ! ,P,S,D,B 7,BRAZILIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ,P>TY74 

,HI/ORICALLY1 ! ,P,M,D,B HAS HAD A PRIVILEG$ RELATION%IP ) P[]FUL GR\PS1 P>TIES1 & POLITICIANS4 ,9 #b#a#f1 ,TEM] BECAME ! ?IRD ,P,M,D,B POLITICIAN TO BECOME PRESID5T S9CE ! 5D ( ! DICTATOR%IP 9 #a#i#h#e4 ,NEI!R HE NOR HIS PR$ECESSORS W]E DIRECTLY ELECT$ BY VOTE4 ,! FIR/ WAS ,JOSE ,S>NEY1 :O TOOK P[] :5 ,TANCR$O ,NEVES1 ! FIR/ CIVILIAN PRESID5T ELECT$ BY AN 9DIRECT ELECTION AFT] ! 5D ( ! MILIT>Y REGIME1 DI$ ( ILLNESS BE=E TAK+ (FICE4 ,! SECOND WAS ,ITAM> ,FRANCO1 :O TOOK OV] ! PRESID5CY 9 #aiib AFT] ,F]N&O ,COLLOR1 ! FIR/ DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ PRESID5T1 WAS EMBROIL$ 9 CORRUPTION SC&ALS & SUBSEQU5TLY IMPEA*$4 ,ITAM> !N SUPPORT$ & GUID$ HIS SUCCESSOR ,F]N&O ,H5RIQUE ,C>DOSO ( ! ,P,S,D,B1 :O WAS PRESID5T FROM #aiid TO #b#a1 JU/ BE=E ,LULA4 

,!SE EPISODES >E 5\< TO ILLU/RATE H[ MESSY & FRAGILE ! CURR5T ,BRAZILIAN DEMOCRATIC ]A IS4 ,BUT WE CAN GO FUR!R & REMEMB] ?AT IT WAS A MILIT>Y C\P ?AT OV]?REW ! ,BRAZILIAN ,EMPIRE & F\ND$ ! FIR/ ,REPUBLIC 9 ,BRAZIL 9 #a#h#h#i2 & ?AT WE EXP]I5C$ TWO O!R C\PS 9 ! #b? C5TURY1 ! FIR/ ( :I* OCCURR$ 9 #a#i#c4 ,( ! EI<TE5 PRESID5TS :O HAVE COME TO P[] 9 ,BRAZIL1 ONLY EI<T W]E ELECT$1 & ONLY F\R COMPLET$ !IR T]MS4 

,! C\P D'ETAT AGA9/ ! ,P,T 9 #baf FOLL[S A K9D ( 0NATURAL ORD]0 9 ,BRAZILIAN DEMOCRACY1 :I* ALWAYS SEEKS TO KEEP CONTROL ( EXECUTIVE P[] 9 ! H&S ( C]TA9 ELITES ?R\< NON-DEMOCRATIC MEANS4 

,C\PS )9 ! ,C\P3 ,H[ ! ,P,T ,HAS ,IMPROV$ ! ,/ATE'S ,REPRESSIVE ,APP>ATUS 

,TO 5SURE ?AT !IR ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T PROJECT WAS SUCCESSFUL1 ! ,LULA & ,DILMA GOV]NM5TS MADE HUGE ADVANCEM5TS 9 =MS ( CONTROL & REPRESSION 9 ! P]IPH]IES & AGA9/ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,! F$]AL GOV]NM5T'S PUBLIC SAFETY POLICY IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ITS DUAL MANEUV]S EXP&+ ! PRISONS & C>RY+ \T MILIT>Y OCCUPATIONS 9 ! FAVELAS4 ,9 #b#a#d1 ,BRAZIL'S PRISON POPULATION BECAME ! ?IRD L>GE/ 9 ! WORLD1 ) #e#g1 PRISON]S1 MO/ ( :OM >E BLACK4 ,DUR+ ! ,P,T ADM9I/RATION1 ?IS FIGURE 9CREAS$ BY #f#b.04 

,! ,PACIFY+ ,POLICE ,UNITS 7,U,P,P7 W]E DEPLOY$ ?R\<\T #* COMMUNITIES 9 ! CITY ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO4 ,!Y DO NOT 9T5D TO 5SURE ! 0SAFETY0 ( ! POPULATION2 !Y W]E 9TRODUC$ TO SECURE ,BRAZIL = MEGA-EV5TS 9CLUD+ ! ,OLYMPICS & ! ,WORLD ,CUP4 ,!Y >E 0CO9CID5TALLY0 SITUAT$ 9 >EAS SU* AS ROADS ?AT CONNECT AIRPORTS TO T\RI/ DI/RICTS & ! REGION :]E ,WORLD ,CUP & ,OLYMPIC GAMES >E HELD4 ,9 #baf & #b#a#f1 TWO SEP>ATE /UDIES BY ,AMNE/Y ,9T]NATIONAL & ,HUMAN ,RI<TS ,WAT* CONCLUD$ ?AT ?IS POLICE =CE IS ! ONE ( ! MO/ VIOL5T 9 ! WORLD4 

,! ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,=CE WAS CREAT$ 9 #bd DUR+ ! ,LULA ADM9I/RATION4 ,9 #b#a1 ! ,JO9T ,*IEFS ( ,/AFF ( ! ,>M$ ,=CES 7,E,M,C,F,A7 WAS CREAT$1 A PO/ ?AT WAS RESPONSIBLE = DRAFT+ ! 0,LAW & ,ORD] ,GU>ANTEE ,MANUAL0 7,G,L,O7 9 #bac TO RESPOND TO POPUL> UPRIS+S TAK+ PLACE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,!IR TASK WAS TO SECURE ! PR(ITS ( NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL CORPORATIONS DUR+ ! MEGA-EV5TS4 ,UND] PRESSURE FROM ,F,I,F,A1 ! ,DILMA GOV]NM5T IMPLEM5T$ ! ,WORLD ,CUP ,LAWS1 CRIM9ALIZ+ ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 /RIKES1 & MOVEM5TS AGA9/ ! ,WORLD ,CUP4 

,= ! ,WORLD ,CUP 9 #bad & ! ,OLYMPICS 9 #b#a#f1 ! GOV]NM5T BUILT UNITS ( ! ,9TEGRAT$ ,COMM& & ,CONTROL ,C5T] 7,C,I,C,C7 9 #ab CITIES4 ,!SE UNITS BECAME C5T]S :]E MANY DIFF]5T POLICE & 9TELLIG5CE =CES 7,MILIT>Y ,POLICE1 ,CIVIL ,POLICE1 ,F$]AL ,POLICE & ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY7 CAME TOGE!R TO MONITOR & SUPPRESS DEMON/RATORS4 ,! 9AUGURATION ( ! ,C,I,C,CS HAPP5$ DUR+ ! #bac PROTE/S AGA9/ ! CO/ ( PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION & ?OSE ?AT FOLL[$ AGA9/ ! ,CONF$]ATION'S ,CUP4 ,ITS ACTIONS 9CLUD$ MONITOR+ CR[DS FROM SURVEILLANCE CAM]AS SET UP ACROSS ! CITY AS WELL AS SPY+ ON 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS4 ,DISGUIS$ POLICE (FIC]S 9FILTRAT$ DEMON/RATIONS & MANY UND]COV] AG5TS MA9TA9$ FRI5D%IPS & RELATION%IPS ) ACTIVI/S 9 ORD] TO GA!R 9=MATION4 

,! LI/ ( !IR OP]ATIONS IS VA/1 BUT TO CONCLUDE H]E1 IT SUFFICES TO M5TION ?AT ! LA/ LAW IMPLEM5T$ BY ,DILMA BE=E ! IMPEA*M5T WAS ,NO4 #a#c1#b#f1 ! FAM\S ANTI-T]RORISM LAW4 ,9 ,M>* #b#a#f1 GIV+ 9 TO 9T]NATIONAL PRESSURES FROM ! ,G#b1 ! ,U,N1 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,OLYMPIC ,COMMITTEE1 ! P>LIAM5T & ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T CREAT$ A SET ( VAGUELY-WORD$ LAWS ?AT ATTACK$ ! RI<T TO HOLD DEMON/RATIONS & LEFT OP5 WIDE GAPS = 9T]PRETATION4 ,F$]AL ,CITIZ5 ,RI<TS ,ATTORNEY ,DEBORAH ,DUPRAT SAID ?AT ACCORD+ TO ! LAW1 0WE NEV] KN[ :E!R AN OBJECT WE C>RY CAN BE SE5 AS A TOOL = A T]RORI/ PRACTICE4 ,EV5 A BOX ( MAT*ES CAN BE FRAM$ AS A WEAPON40 

,! ANTI-T]RORISM LAW IS DESCRIB$ BY MANY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & BY O!R POLITICIANS AS 0! ,A,I-#e ( DEMOCRACY10 AS IT T>GETS MOVEM5TS & 9DIVIDUALS ?AT QUE/ION OR ORGANIZE AGA9/ ! /ATE'S MEASURES4 ,BETWE5 #aifd & #a#i#f#i1 ! MILIT>Y REGIME DECRE$ #ag SO-CALL$ 0,9/ITUTIONAL ,ACTS0 TO REMOVE ! RI<TS & P[]S ( CITIZ5S & 9/ITUTIONS ALIKE 9 ORD] TO CONC5TRATE EV5 MORE P[] 9 ! UPP] E*ELONS ( ! /ATE4 ,!SE ACTS W]E CONSID]$ 0C\PS )9 ! C\P10 AS !Y VIOLAT$ LAWS & RI<TS GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#h1 ! MILIT>Y REGIME DECRE$ ,9/ITUTIONAL ,ACT NUMB] #e 7,A,I-#e71 DISSOLV+ ! ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS & ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLIES4 ,?IS /RIPP$ HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE ( !IR POLITICAL RI<TS & =MALIZ$ ! ,/ATE ( ,EXCEPTION ?AT WAS ORIG9ALLY ONLY SUPPOS$ TO LA/ #ah DAYS BUT ULTIMATELY LA/$ = T5 YE>S4 ,9 ?IS P]IOD1 REAL T]ROR WAS US$ AGA9/ ! POPULATION1 9CLUD+ PRESS C5SOR%IP1 >RE/S1 TORTURE1 MURD]1 & ! DISAPPE>ANCES ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 

,CRIMES ?AT BECAME FRAM$ AS T]RORISM BY ! NEW LAW 9CLUD$ LOOT+1 V&ALISM1 & >SON2 !SE W]E ALREADY CONSID]$ CRIMES & DID NOT NE$ A NEW CLASSIFICATION4 ,! LAWS FOCUS ESPECIALLY ON COMMUNICATION & TRANSPORTATION 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,?IS CLE>LY T>GETS ! TACTICS ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE TRADITIONALLY PRACTIC$ BY SOCIAL MOVEM5TS3 BLOCK+ /REETS & HI<WAYS OR OCCUPY+ S*OOLS1 UNIV]SITIES1 & O!R PUBLIC BUILD+S4 

,C>RY+1 /OR+1 OR US+ EXPLOSIVE OR FLAMMABLE MAT]IALS MAY ALSO BE FRAM$ AS A T]RORI/ ACTION4 ,CREAT+ SU* VAGUE & BROAD T]MS = DEF9+ :AT IS CONSID]$ 0T]RORISM0 IS A WAY TO CRIM9ALIZE MOVEM5TS & M9ORITIES4 ,RAFAEL ,BRAGA1 A Y\NG BLACK MAN :O SLEPT ON ! /REETS ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO AT ! HEI<T ( ! #bac DEMON/RATIONS1 (F]S AN EXAMPLE ( :AT HAPP5S :5 POLICE & JUDGES USE !IR FRE$OM ( 9T]PRETATION3 ,RAFAEL WAS >RE/$ ON *>GES ( C>RY+ 0POSSIBLY EXPLOSIVE0 MAT]IAL BECAUSE HE C>RI$ A BOTTLE ( SOAP4 ,9 #b#a#g1 HE IS /ILL FI<T+ = HIS FRE$OM1 ! ONLY PRISON] /ILL 9C>C]AT$ FROM ! PROTE/S ( #b#a#c4 

,! ECONOMIC CRISIS HAS NOT IMPROV$ & ! PUBLIC SECURITY CRISIS HAS ESCALAT$ TO AN ABSURD LEVEL4 ,:5 ,TEM]'S GOV]NM5T S5T 9 ! >MY TO OCCUPY ! /REETS ( ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO 9 #b#a#g1 ?IS REPRES5T$ A CONT9UATION ( ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T'S OP]ATIONS RA!R ?AN A BREAK FROM !M4 ,DILMA'S & ,LULA'S GOV]NM5TS NOT ONLY IMPROV$ ,BRAZILIAN CAPITALISM1 !Y HELP$ =M A :OLE SECURITY SY/EM D$ICAT$ TO SURVEILLANCE & REPRESSION4 ,ALONG ) ! CRISIS1 ,MR4 ,TEM] 9H]IT$ A NEW APP>ATUS ( LAWS1 /RUCTURES ( CONTROL1 SURVEILLANCE & REPRESSION TE*NOLOGIES ?AT WILL N[ BE US$ TO CONTA9 ! MASSES EV]Y TIME WE ORGANIZE & TAKE TO ! /REETS4 

,! #baf C\P REQUIR$ A S]IES ( O!R SMALL C\PS AGA9/ ! RI<TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?OSE ON ,BRAZILIAN P]IPH]IES1 & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,JU/ AS ! #aifd MILIT>Y C\P WAS NOT JU/ A C\P1 ! P>LIAM5T>Y C\P ?AT REMOV$ ! ,P,T FROM GOV]NM5T IS JU/ ONE MORE IT]ATION ( A LONG S]IES ( AU?ORIT>IAN & EXCEPTIONAL MEASURES4 

0,9 TRU?1 !RE IS NO FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A DICTATOR%IP & A DEMOCRACY4 ,!SE =MS ( GOV]NM5TS HAVE ALL ! SAME CAPACITIES = VIOL5CE1 REPRESSION1 MASS MURD]1 TORTURE1 & IMPRISONM5T AS !IR DICTATORIAL C\NT]P>TS4 ,9 MOM5TS ( EM]G5CY1 !Y CAN & DO USE ?IS CAPACITY40 

,PET] ,GELD]LOOS1 ,! ,FAILURE ( ,NONVIOL5CE 

,FROM ! #bac ,UPRIS+S TO ! ,C\P ( #b#a#f3 ,H[ ! ,NEW ,RI<T ,ROSE 

0,! PLAGUE BACILLUS NEV] DIES OR DISAPPE>S = GOOD2 IT CAN LIE DORMANT = YE>S & YE>S 9 FURNITURE & L95-*E/S2 IT BIDES ITS TIME 9 B$ROOMS1 CELL>S1 TRUNKS1 & BOOK%ELVES2 & P]HAPS ! DAY W\LD COME :51 = ! BANE & 5LI<T5M5T ( M51 IT W\LD R\SE UP ITS RATS AGA9 & S5D !M =? TO DIE 9 A HAPPY CITY40 

,ALB]T ,CAMUS1 ,! ,PLAGUE 

,! ,/REETS 9 ,DISPUTE 

,DUR+ ! ,JUNE #bac UPRIS+1 ?\S&S M>*$ UNCONTROLLABLY1 ?R[+ /ONES & ,MOLOTOV COCKTAILS4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ! DEMON/RATION SURR\ND$ & 9VAD$ ! PALACES ?AT H\SE ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T'S LEGISLATIVE P[] & DEM&$ ! R$UCTION ( ! BUS T>IFF4 ,! ANTAGONISM ON ! /REETS TOOK AUTONOM\S =MS ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 BREAK+ ! SIL5CE IMPOS$ BY A DECADE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS /RUGGLE L$ TO AN UN=ESE5 VICTORY BY NEW AUTONOM\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ON A NATIONAL SCALE1 ) PEOPLE ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9 WAYS ?AT \T/RIPP$ POLITICAL P>TIES & UNIONS1 ! TRADITIONAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION TYPICALLY US$ BY MOVEM5TS4 ,! DISILLUSIONM5T ) DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES & ! POLITICAL CLASS SY/EM AS A :OLE WAS EV5 /RONG]1 9DICAT+ ?AT ?IS UPRIS+ (F]$ A *ANCE = NEW AUTONOM\S =MS ( ORGANIZATION & DIRECT ACTION TO GA9 WIDESPREAD POPUL>ITY4 ,9DE$1 ?IS WAS ! *ANCE MANY AN>*I/S HAD BE5 WAIT+ = TO DISSEM9ATE !IR ME?ODOLOGIES ON A L>GE SCALE4 

,= DECADES1 GOV]NM5T ELITES 79CLUD+ ! POLITICAL LEFT & LEFTI/ UNIONS7 COLLABORAT$ TO DECONTEXTUALIZE & DELEGITIMIZE :AT IT MEANT TO 0DO POLITICS40 ,! PRACTICE ( DO+ POLITICS1 :I* HAD BE5 CONF9$ TO 9/ITUTIONAL PRACTICES1 REGA9$ ITS ORIG9AL MEAN+3 AS PEOPLE OCCUPI$ ! /REETS1 ) EA* GE/URE1 ) EA* *OICE1 ) EA* AFFECT1 !Y W]E DO+ POLITICS4 ,! DEMON/RATIONS BECAME A LIV+ BODY (F]+ AN 9T5SE & POT5T EXP]I5CE ( COLLECTIVE CON/RUCTION4 ,= MANY PEOPLE :O HAD NEV] P>TICIPAT$ 9 A /REET PROTE/ BE=E1 ?IS WAS ! FIR/ TIME !Y MOV$ BEYOND A POSITION ( 0NEUTRALITY10 & ! NEW POSITIONS !Y TOOK W]E NOT NECESS>ILY COH]5T4 ,!RE W]E DISSONANT VOICES EXPRESS+ MANY DIFF]5T 9T]E/S2 SOME T5D$ MORE T[>DS DIALOGUE1 :ILE O!RS PREF]R$ CONFRONTATION & ANTAGONISM4 ,! CONS]VATIVE ELITES 9 P>TICUL> BEGAN TO CON/RUCT /RATEGIES TO CO-OPT ! MASSES & (F] ! SOLUTIONS ?AT MANY CRAV$1 SU* AS ?OSE (F]$ BY ! ,P,T & ! GOV]NM5T4 ,DUR+ ?AT TIME1 ! /REETS BECOME ! /AGE = 9T5SE POLITICAL DISPUTES 9 ,BRAZIL ONCE AGA91 BO? = ?OSE :O WANT$ SOCIAL JU/ICE & = ?OSE :O WANT$ A MORE TOTALIT>IAN REGIME4 

,9 #b#e1 A CORRUPTION S*EME ORGANIZ$ BY ! UPP] LEVELS ( ! ,P,T CAME TO LI<T1 PROV+ ?AT IT WAS JU/ AS CORRUPT AS ANY O!R POLITICAL P>TY4 ,?IS SC&AL P]MAN5TLY /A9$ ! P>TY'S IMAGE4 ,AFT] W9N+ ! ELECTIONS1 ,LULA'S GOV]NM5T DID NOT HAVE A MAJORITY 9 CONGRESS4 ,TO SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM1 ! P>TY LEAD]S DECID$ TO PAY A MON?LY ALL[ANCE 7! SO-CALL$ ,M5SALAO7 TO ! DEPUTIES SO ?AT !Y W\LD APPROVE LAWS FAVORABLE TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! SC&AL 9VOLV$ M9I/]S1 DEPUTIES1 CONTRACTORS1 & BUS9ESSM5 & WAS WIDELY US$ BY ! PRESS TO F9D WAYS TO DE/ROY SUPPORT = ! ,P,T 9 ! UPCOM+ ELECTIONS4 

,BUT ! PLAN DID NOT WORK4 ,A NEW POLITICAL CONT+5T WAS 5\< TO 5SURE ,LULA'S REELECTION 9 #b#f3 ! POOR & EXCLUD$ CLASSES ?AT B5EFIT$ FROM SOCIAL PROGRAMS 9 ! GOV]NM5T'S E>LY YE>S4 

,HAV+ WITNESS$ ! FAILURE ( ! #be ,M5SALAO SC&AL TO BR+ D[N ! ,P,T1 ?OSE ELITES OPPOS$ TO ! ,P,T REALIZ$ ?AT IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO NEUTRALIZE ! P>TY :ILE IT /ILL HAD BROAD SUPPORT FROM ! POOR CLASSES & L>GE SOCIAL MOVEM5TS DUR+ FAVORABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,BUT ! UPRIS+S ( #bac %[$ ?AT ! ,P,T NO LONG] 5GAG$ 9 DIALOGUE ) REBEL Y\? OR ! URBAN MIDDLE CLASSES4 ,! MA9/REAM M$IA US$ ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO CO-OPT MESSAGES FROM /REET DEMON/RATIONS & MISREPRES5T POPUL> UNRE/ AS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,P,T SPECIFICALLY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ECONOMY WAS 9 DECL9E & CORRUPTION SC&ALS ONCE AGA9 T>NI%$ ! P>TY'S IMAGE 9 GOV]NM5T4 ,!N1 9 ?IS FAVORABLE CONTEXT1 ! RI<T & ! B\RGEOISIE UND]/OOD ?AT COOP]ATION BETWE5 ! F$]AL POLICE & ! JUDICI>Y 9VE/IGAT+ ! SC&ALS WAS NECESS>Y4 ,! M$IA WAS HAPPY TO HELP BY SUPPLY+ BIAS$ & MANIPULATIVE COV]AGE ( ! 9VE/IGATIONS4 ,ANO!R FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5T WAS ! NEW RI<T-W+ MOVEM5T COMPOS$ ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O W]E ALIGN$ ) NATIONAL CONS]VATIVE P>TIES & 9T]NATIONAL NEOLIB]AL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS W]E RESPONSIBLE = CREAT+ A NEW SOCIAL BASE ALIGN$ ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI<T 9 ORD] TO BUILD LEGITIMACY = ! C\P & FRAME IT AS IF IT W]E A POPUL> DEM&4 

,) ALL ?IS 9 M9D1 WE LOOK AT ! #bac & #bad FI<TS AS AN EXP]I5CE ) MI/AKES & VICTORIES4 ,AUTONOMI/ MOVEM5TS1 ! R5EW$ LEFTI/ ACTIVI/S1 & ! NEW RI<T W+ MOVEM5TS UND]W5T R5OVATIONS & DEVELOPM5TS4 ,( ALL !SE1 ! RI<T WAS ! P>TY ?AT WAS /R5G!N$ ! MO/4 ,AUTONOMI/S 7& AN>*I/S7 LO/ MU* POPUL> APPEAL AFT] #b#a#c4 ,\R SUCCESSES /R5G!N$ ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS & PIQU$ MANY PEOPLE'S 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM4 ,BUT WE ALSO MADE MI/AKES ?AT PAV$ ! WAY = ! REG5]ATION ( ! RI<T & CONS]VATISM4 ,WE 9TRODUC$ MANY NEW PEOPLE TO A DIFF]5T =M ( HORIZONTAL /RUGGLE ?AT DIDN'T RELY ON POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,BUT WE FAIL$ TO EXP& ! /RUGGLE BEYOND RE=MI/ DEM&S4 

,A NEW LEFT GA9$ /R5G?1 TAK+ ! OPPORTUNITY TO FRAME !IR RHETORIC 9 A WAY ?AT CAPITALIZ$ ON POPUL> SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,9SPIR$ BY MOVEM5TS LIKE #a#e,M & ! P>TY ,PODEMOS 9 ,SPA9 7:I* WAS ITSELF 9SPIR$ BY ! ORIG9 ( ! ,P,T71 ACTIVI/ GR\PS 9VIT$ PEOPLE :O HAD NO TIES ) P>TIES TO RUN = ELECTION 9 ! LEGISLATIVE BRAN*4 ,9 !IR SPEE*ES1 !Y US$ ! WORDS ?AT ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS MADE FAM\S3 HORIZONTALITY1 AUTONOMY1 & 0NO P>TIES0--EV5 :5 !Y TEMPOR>Y AFFILIATION ) P>TIES TO RUN = ELECTION4 ,9 ,BELO ,HORIZONTE1 A GR\P =M$ BY 9TELLECTUALS1 UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS1 Y\NG UNIV]SITY ACTIVI/S1 & CULTURAL AGITATORS WAS ABLE TO ELECT TWO CITY C\NCILORS1 ONE ( :OM WAS ! MO/ VOT$-= C&IDATE 9 ! 5TIRE CITY4 ,! POLITICAL & REPRES5TATIONAL CRISIS HAS GIV5 WAY TO A RECYCL+ ( ! ELECTORAL DISC\RSE ( ?OSE :O WANT TO OCCUPY (FICES & CONTROL ! /ATE 09 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE40 ,) SLOGANS LIKE 0LET'S OCCUPY ! ELECTIONS10 RE=MI/S %[$ ?AT ?IRTE5 YE>S ( A GOV]NM5T ) A WORK+ CLASS MAN & A WOMAN AS PRESID5T HAD NOT BE5 5\< TO TEA* !M ?AT SY/EMS ( OPPRESSION CANNOT BE *ANG$ BY PUTT+ REPRES5TATIVES ( OPPRESS$ GR\PS 9 CONTROL ( !M4 

,WE ALSO C\LD NOT /OP SOME ( ! PEOPLE WE HAD 9VIT$ TO ! /REETS FROM BE+ DRAWN 9 BY RI<T-W+ RHETORIC4 ,) IMM$IATE PROPOSALS & N>RATIVES ?AT /IRR$ ! FE>S & 9SECURITIES ( ! AV]AGE URBAN CITIZ51 ! RI<T DREW MILLIONS 9TO ! /REETS TO DEMON/RATE AGA9/ CORRUPTION--BUT ONLY ! CORRUPTION PRACTIC$ BY ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY4 

,CONS]VATIVES ( ! ,WORLD1 ,UNITE 

,9 REC5T YE>S1 A WORLDWIDE TR5D HAS EM]G$ 9 :I* RI<T-W+ MOVEM5TS GA9 POPUL>ITY %ORTLY AFT] POPUL> UPRIS+S TAKE PLACE4 ,FROM ,BRAZIL & ,V5EZUELA TO ,UKRA9E1 FROM ,GREECE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 L>GE WAVES ( POPUL> UNRE/ HAVE DRAWN PEOPLE \T 9TO ! /REETS4 ,DEMON/RATIONS & OCCUPATIONS ( PUBLIC SPACES HAVE BECOME AN ESS5TIAL TOOL = ANYONE :O WANTS TO PROMOTE A CAUSE OR PRESSURE RUL]S4 ,WE HAVE OBS]V$ ?AT AFT] MANY AUTONOM\S1 RADICAL1 & HORIZONTAL UPRIS+S1 RI<T-W+ MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( POPUL> REVOLT TO GO \T 9TO ! /REETS TO SPREAD !IR AG5DAS4 

,9 ! CASE ( ,BRAZIL1 !SE NEW CONS]VATIVES TOOK ADVANTAGE ( A WAVE ( PROTE/S ?AT !Y DID NOT !MSELVES ORGANIZE TO CREATE LEGITIMACY = ! C\P4 ,!SE GR\PS F\<T = SPACE 9 ! /REETS & = ! ATT5TION ( ! NEW G5]ATION ( DEMON/RATORS AS WELL AS ! M$IA1 & QUICKLY BEGAN TO ORGANIZE !IR [N PROTE/S TO BUILD A SOCIAL BASE4 ,FROM ! \TSET1 ! NEW RI<T HAS BE5 BACK$ BY 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS P>TIES & ?9K TANKS FUND$ BY ! RI*E/ #a.0--! NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ELITE--TO 9FLU5CE POLITICAL PROCESSES >\ND ! WORLD4 ,WE WILL TALK A LITTLE MORE AB\T ! ?REE MA9 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 C5TRAL TO ! ,BRAZIL'S NEW RI<T W+4 

,! ,VEM PRA ,RUA6 70,COME \T 9TO ! /REET607 MOVEM5T IS HEAD$ BY A MILLIONAIRE 9VE/OR :O LIV$ 9 ! ,U,S & IS CONNECT$ TO ! Y\? ( ! ,P,S,D,B1 ! RI<T W+ ( B\RGEOIS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,ANO!R PROM95T MOVEM5T IS ! ,REVOLTADOS ,ONL9E1 :I* ONLY ACCEPTS ,*RI/IANS 9 ITS MEMB]%IP BO>D1 SUPPORTS FASCI/ POLITICIANS LIKE ,DEPUTY ,JAIR ,BOLSON>O 7! 0,BRAZILIAN ,DONALD ,TRUMP071 SEEKS ! RETURN ( MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP1 & MAKES MONEY FROM ! SALE ( ANTI-,P,T TR9KETS ON ! 9T]NET4 

,! L>GE/ & YET MO/ OBSCURE IS ! ,FREE ,BRAZIL ,MOVEM5T 7,M,B,L74 ,FROM ! />T1 ! GR\P HAS S\<T TO LAT* ON TO POPUL> DISSATISFACTION3 ! NAME SEEMS TO BE PURPOSELY CREAT$ TO S\ND SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! ,M,P,L 7,FREE ,PASS ,MOVEM5T74 ,?IS IS AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE CONFUSION 9 ?OSE SEEK+ ! NETWORKS ( AUTONOM\S COLLECTIVES & HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT 9ITIAT$ ! UPRIS+S ( ,JUNE #b#a#c4 ,) Y\NG LEAD]S1 ! ,M,B,L 9T5DS TO 5C\RAGE ! 0Y\? ?AT LEFT ,FACEBOOK = ! /REETS0 TO M>* ON ! /REETS = AN 0ABSOLUTE FREE M>KET10 PRIVATIZATION1 & ! 5D ( SOCIAL PROGRAMS4 

,! ,M,B,L WAS CREAT$ 9 #bac AS ! PUBLIC FACE ( ! ,/UD5TS ,= ,LIB]TY 7,E,P,L7 ORGANIZATION1 F\ND$ 9 #bab AS A V]SION ( ,/UD5TS ,= ,LIB]TY 7,S,F,L7 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BO? >E FUND$ BY ! ,ATLAS ,NETWORK1 A NETWORK ( ELEV5 RI<T-W+ ORGANIZATIONS SPONSOR$ BY ! ,U,S OIL TYCOONS1 ! ,KO* BRO!RS4 ,:5 ,E,P,L MEMB]S WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 /REET PROTE/S1 !Y HAD TO CREATE ! ,M,B,L BECAUSE ,U,S F$]AL 9COME TAX 7,I,R,S7 LEGISLATION DOES NOT ALL[ F\NDATIONS TO P>TICIPATE 9 POLITICAL DEMON/RATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ITS PRESID5T1 ,ATLAS' GOAL IS 0TO FILL ! WORLD ) ?9K TANKS ?AT DEF5D ! FREE M>KET40 

,%ORTLY AFT] ,DILMA LEFT1 ,PRESID5T ,MI*EL ,TEM] 9VIT$ ! ,M,B,L TO HELP ) ! GOV]NM5T COMMUNICATIONS DEP>TM5T & MAKE ! UNPOPUL> RE=MS AFFECT+ WELF>E & LABOR RI<TS S\ND APPEAL+4 ,! ,M,B,L DECID$ TO MOVE AWAY FROM ! GOV]NM5T IT HELP$ CREATE :5 IT FIGUR$ \T ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO COV] UP CORRUPTION SC&ALS4 

,! /RATEGIES US$ BY !SE RI<T-W+ MOVEM5TS CLOSELY RESEMBLE ?OSE US$ DUR+ ,DONALD ,TRUMP'S CAMPAIGN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! USE ( FAKE NEWS1 MANIPULAT$ DATA1 HATE SPEE*1 & CONTROV]SY TO GIVE PROM95CE TO AN IDOL = ,BRAZILIAN TROLLS MIRROR :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 

,! GOAL ( !SE MOVEM5TS & ! MILLIONAIRES :O F9ANCE !M IS TO SIDEL9E G5U9E SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 DE/ABILIZE PROGRESSIVE GOV]NM5TS1 & PAVE ! WAY = NEOLIB]AL POLICIES4 ,?IS CANNOT BE UND]/OOD )\T REF]5CE TO ! GLOBAL GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT4 ,DUR+ ! RIOTS ( #b#a#c1 ,WIKILEAKS LEAK$ EVID5CE ?AT ! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION WAS SPY+ ON BO? ,PRESID5T ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF & ,PETROBRAS1 ONE ( ! L>GE/ /ATE-[N$ OIL COMPANIES 9 ! WORLD4 ,SOON AFT] ! C\P 9 #b#a#f1 ! =EIGN M9I/] ( ! ,TEM] GOV]NM5T BEGAN PROC$URES TO 5D ,BRAZIL'S M&ATORY OIL EXPLORATION & TO DELIV] ,PRE-,SAL RES]VES TO MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS SU* AS ,*EVRON4 

,?IS CAN BE UND]/OOD 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,EA/-,WE/ CLA% OV] ,BRAZILIAN OIL4 ,*9A1 ONE ( ,BRAZIL'S MAJOR ECONOMIC P>TN]S 9 REC5T YE>S1 IS PU%+ = ACCESS TO RES]VES AS COMPANIES & ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T TURN !IR ATT5TION TO ,S\? ,AM]ICAN OIL FIRMS4 ,! ,COLD ,W> IS OV]1 BUT 9T]NATIONAL =CES >E VY+ = CONTROL OV] ACCESS TO ! C\NTRY'S NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,BRAZIL'S COLONIAL H]ITAGE HAS NEV] CEAS$ TO DEP5D ON ! SALE ( COMMODITIES & *EAP LABOR TO ! =EIGN M>KET4 

,AN>*I/S & O!R ANTI-CAPITALI/ RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS NE$ TO BE AW>E ( H[ !SE GLOBAL DISPUTES >E F\<T 9 ! T]RITORIES :]E WE >E BUILD+ RESI/ANCE4 ,! 9DIG5\S ,ZAPATI/AS :O TOOK UP >MS 9 #aiid 9 ,*IAPAS1 ,MEXICO KNEW !Y W\LD BE AT RISK1 DECL>+ 9DEP5D5CE 9 A L& RI* 9 NATURAL & M9]AL RES\RCES ?AT ,MEXICAN & ,U,S CAPITALI/S COVET$4 ,! SAME K9D ( *ALL5GE FACES ! REVOLUTION 9 ,ROJAVA 9 NOR!RN ,SYRIA AS IT TAKES UP >MS TO 5D CAPITALISM1 PATRI>*Y1 & COLONIALISM 9 ONE ( ! WORLD'S MO/ OIL-RI* REGIONS4 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 9DIG5\S PEOPLES SU* AS ! ,MUNDURUKUS ( ,P>A HAVE (F]$ EXAMPLES ( HONORABLE RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T'S G5OCIDAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T PROJECTS :I* 9CLUDE BUILD+ EI<T HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS ALONG ! ,TAPAJOS ,RIV]1 DE/ROY+ COMMUNITIES1 H>M+ ! 5VIRONM5T1 & ?REAT5+ WILDLIFE4 ,! ,MUNDURUKUS1 A W>RIOR PEOPLE KN[N AS 0HEAD-CUTT]S10 HAVE ALREADY OCCUPI$ & P>ALYZ$ ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,BELO ,MONTE PLANT 9 ! HE>T ( ! ,AMAZON ,=E/ TWICE & PROMISE TO WAGE W> AGA9/ ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,SAO ,LUIS DAM & ! DEM>CATION ( ITS L&S4 

,GLOBAL CAPITALISM & ITS COMM& C5T]S CLU/]$ 9 ! RI* NOR!RN C\NTRIES >E WILL+ TO TURN ANY T]RITORY FROM ! GLOBAL P]IPH]Y 9TO A F>M TO FUEL !IR ECONOMIES4 ,9 ADDITION1 !Y WILL NOT HESITATE TO NEUTRALIZE POPUL> ORGANIZATION :5 IT ?REAT5S !IR 9T]E/S4 ,! GR\ND WE WALK ON1 ! BIOME 9 :I* WE LIVE1 AS WELL AS \R BODIES1 \R DESIRES1 & \R TIME--!SE >E BATTLEFIELDS 9 :I* ! SAME /RUGGLES PLAY \T BETWE5 COLONIES & METROPOLISES ?AT *>ACT]IZE ! HI/ORY ( ,BRAZIL4 ,! GREAT] !IR VALUE TO ! M>KET1 ! MORE 9T5SE ! BATTLE4 

,EPISODES ( ,RESI/ANCE 

,S9CE ,MI*EL ,TEM] BECAME PRESID5T1 HE HAS BE5 TRY+ TO RUN AN ECONOMY 9 CRISIS & TO DEAL ) CONT9UAL CORRUPTION SC&ALS4 ,9 LESS ?AN A YE>1 HE HAS BE5 ACCUS$ ( PASSIVE CORRUPTION1 OB/RUCTION ( JU/ICE1 & 9VOLVEM5T 9 A CRIM9AL ORGANIZATION4 ,EA* MOVE HIS GOV]NM5T MAKES COMES AT ! CO/ ( ! WORK+ & EXCLUD$ CLASSES TO FAVOR ! ELITES3 HE =GAVE #e BILLION ,REAIS WOR? ( 5TREPR5EURS' DEBTS :ILE AT ! SAME TIME PROPOS+ TO R$UCE ! M9IMUM WAGE BY #a ,REAIS 9 ORD] TO SAVE #c MILLION ,REAIS4 

,9 ANY CASE1 ,MI*EL ,TEM] IS 9CREAS+LY POLITICALLY ISOLAT$4 ,)\T POPUL> SUPPORT1 HIS #d.0 APPROVAL RAT+ IS EV5 WORSE ?AN ! #h.0 ?AT ,DILMA HIT JU/ BE=E %E WAS IMPEA*$4 ,BUT HIS GOV]NM5T HAS YET TO FALL1 BECAUSE IT S]VES ! 9T]E/S ( ! M>KET & BIG CORPORATIONS4 ,HIS POLICY FOLL[S ! LAWS ( ! 0,%OCK ,DOCTR9E0 MANUAL DEVELOP$ BY ! ,*ICAGO ,S*OOL & ITS NEOLIB]AL GURUS4 ,ITS MA9 T5ETS >E TO IMPLEM5T RE=MS ?AT R$UCE /ATE S]VICES ?R\< PRIVATIZATION1 EXTREME AU/]ITY MEASURES1 & SUSP5SION ( LAWS ?AT PROTECT RI<TS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,ONE EXAMPLE IS ! GOV]NM5T'S NEW ATTEMPT TO GIVE AWAY NATURAL & 9DIG5\S RES]VES 9 ! ,AMAZON TO M9+ COMPANIES1 A POLITICAL PROJECT ?AT W\LD H>DLY RECEIVE PUBLIC SUPPORT 9 ! POLLS1 BUT IS EASILY APPLI$ AMID CRISES & CATA/ROPHES4 ,! NEW PRESID5T'S RE=MS >E A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO CAT] TO ! :IMS ( ! M>KET :ILE ! RI<T W+ PREP>ES = ! #bah ELECTIONS4 

,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 S9CE ! NEW GOV]NM5T'S FIR/ DAYS1 !RE HAVE BE5 SEV]AL R\NDS ( PROTE/ & RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! NEW PRESID5T'S POLICIES & MEASURES4 ,SOME ( !SE /RUGGLES HAVE %[N ! DESIRE TO GO BEYOND JU/ MAK+ DEM&S = SMALL CONCESSIONS FROM ,TEM]'S GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD /AK+ !IR PROTE/S ON ! POSSIBILITY ( CREAT+ HORIZONTAL MODES ( ORGANIZ+ 9 :I* PEOPLE TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE 9 ! DOZ5S ( BUILD+ OCCUPATIONS L9K$ TO ! ,M9I/RY ( ,CULTURE & 9 MORE ?AN A ?\S& S*OOL OCCUPATIONS ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 #b#a#f4 

,FIR/ ,FI<TS & ,VICTORIES 

,AS SOON AS HE TOOK OV] AS 9T]IM PRESID5T 9 ,APRIL #b#a#f1 ,TEM] *ANG$ ALL ! M9I/]S & ASSEMBL$ A TEAM COMPOS$ EXCLUSIVELY ( M54 ,N9E M9I/RIES W]E DONE AWAY ) ALTOGE!R1 9CLUD+ ! ONES FOCUS+ ON CULTURE1 WOM51 RACIAL EQUALITY1 & HUMAN RI<TS4 ,SU* MANEUV]S HAD NOT BE5 SE5 S9CE ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,AT ?AT TIME1 AN>*I/S & AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS W]E NOT AS VISIBLE AS !Y HAD BE5 OV] ! PREVI\S TWO YE>S4 ,/ILL1 :5 IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT ! ,M9I/RY ( ,CULTURE W\LD BE ELIM9AT$1 BUILD+S RELAT$ TO IT W]E OCCUPI$ 9 #ba CAPITAL CITIES4 ,PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ DEBATES1 CONC]TS1 & DEMON/RATIONS ( ALL K9DS TO PRESSURE ! GOV]NM5T TO RECANT4 

,AFT] TWO WEEKS ( OCCUPATIONS & PROTE/S1 ,TEM] TOOK A /EP BACK & ANN\NC$ ! RETURN ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,CULTURE1 BUT ! OCCUPATIONS CONT9U$ 9 MANY CITIES1 HO/+ FE/IVALS & ALL K9DS ( POLITICAL & CULTURAL ACTIVITY4 ,?IS VICTORY GAVE ! MOVEM5TS ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! NEW GOV]NM5T C\LD BE DEFEAT$ 9 /RUGGLES = SPECIFIC DEM&S4 ,9SPIR$ BY REC5T VICTORIES1 HOMELESS MOVEM5TS ORGANIZ$ A PROTE/ ON ,JULY #a & OCCUPI$ ! BUILD+ ( ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,PRESID5CY ( ! ,REPUBLIC 9 ,SAO ,PAULO1 =C+ ! PRESID5T ONCE AGA9 TO /EP BACK & RE9/ATE FUNDS HE HAD TRI$ TO CUT 9 H\S+ PROGRAMS4 

,SEPTEMB] #g1 #b#a#f3 ,WE ,HAVE ,NEV] BE5 ,PATRIOTS 

,SEPTEMB] IS :5 PATRIOTS CELEBRATE SO-CALL$ 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! ,PORTUGUESE GOV]NM5T :I* WAS PROCLAIM$ 9 #a#h#b#b4 ,BUT NOT EV]YONE IS 9 FAVOR ( ?IS NATIONALI/ HUMBUG4 ,SEPTEMB] #g IS NOT ONLY 9DEP5D5CE DAY3 S9CE #a#i#i#e1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAVE CALL$ IT ! ,GRITO DOS ,EXCLUIDOS 70,SCREAM ( ! ,EXCLUD$07 SO ?AT ! DAY IS ALSO A DAY TO GIVE VOICE TO POPUL> DISSATISFACTION4 ,S9CE ! UPRIS+S ( #b#a#c1 DEMON/RATIONS ON ?AT DAY HAVE BE5 GR[+ 9CREAS+LY COMBATIVE4 ,9 #b#a#f1 AFT] ! C\P1 ?AT DAY HAD A SPECIAL FLAVOR4 

,! REVOLT AGA9/ ! MEGA-EV5TS ALSO CONT9U$ AT ! 5D ( ! ,OLYMPIC & ,P>ALYMPIC ,GAMES3 ! GR+OS W]E /ILL RETURN+ HOME AS #b#c1 >MY SOLDI]S & ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D RETURN$ CONTROL TO ! POLICE 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO AFT] ! NUMB] ( POLICE %OOT+S D\BL$ 9 ! FIR/ WEEK ( ! GAMES4 ,!RE W]E #ie %OOT+S 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 :]E #ea W]E 9JUR$ & AT LEA/ EI<T PEOPLE W]E KILL$ BY POLICE DUR+ ! ?REE WEEKS ( ! ,OLYMPIC ,GAMES 7,AUGU/ #e-#b#a74 ,ANY K9D ( DEMON/RATION OR EXPRESSION D5\NC+ ! IMPACT ( EV5TS WAS BRUTALLY SUPPRESS$ FROM DAY ONE4 ,JU/ #a DAYS AFT] ! ,OLYMPICS 5D$1 ON ,AUGU/ #c#a1 ! ,S5ATE VOT$ = ! DEP>TURE ( ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF1 & ,MI*EL ,TEM] WAS (FICIALLY ! NEW PRESID5T ( ,BRAZIL4 

,! ,WORLD ,CUP & ! ,OLYMPICS >E OV]1 BUT ! LEGACY ( LEGAL ABUSE1 POLICE VIOL5CE1 EXCLUSION1 & SEGREGATION REMA9 UND] ! %AD[ ( ! NEW REGIME4 ,SO IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT WE ALSO WITNESS$ ! BIGGE/ ANTI-GOV]NM5T DEMON/RATIONS S9CE #b#a#c3 ON ,SEPTEMB] #g1 !RE W]E PROTE/S 9 #bd /ATES--9 ALMO/ ALL ( ! CAPITALS1 9CLUD+ DOZ5S ( CITIES4 ,! L>GE/ WAS 9 ,SALVADOR1 :]E #a#e1 ATT5D$4 ,9 !SE DEMON/RATIONS1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO (F] RESI/ANCE TO NEW GOV]NM5T POLICIES1 BUT ALSO AGA9/ ! EFFECTS ( ! POLICIES ?AT W]E E/ABLI%$ DUR+ ! ,P,T GOV]NM5T4 ,WE HAD OLD & NEW REASONS TO REBEL4 ,ON ! BANN]S 9 ! /REETS WE SAW ! DEM& 0,DIRECT ,ELECTIONS ,N[0--! FAM\S SLOGAN FROM ! 5D ( ! DICTATOR%IP 9 ,BRAZIL--PRES5T$ BY PEOPLE :O WANT$ TO VOTE = A NEW PRESID5T AFT] ! IMPEA*M5T ( ,DILMA ,R\SSEFF4 

,!RE W]E CLA%ES ) AU?ORITIES DUR+ ! WEEK BE=E 9DEP5D5CE DAY M>K$ BY POLICE VIOL5CE1 ! >RE/ ( J\RNALI/S1 & MORE DEMON/RATORS SUFF]+ P]MAN5T 9JURIES BECAUSE ( LESS-?AN-LE?AL WEAPONS4 ,LEFTI/ MOVEM5TS H>ASS$ & REPUDIAT$ ! PRES5CE ( ! BLACK BLOC 9 ,SAO ,PAULO AS BE+ 0RESPONSIBLE0 = ! VIOL5T ACTIONS ( ! POLICE4 ,! BLACK BLOC TACTIC HAD BECOME MORE COMMON S9CE #bad & N[ REAPPE>$ 9 ! /REET TO RESPOND TO ! NEW GOV]NM5T POLICIES1 CAUS+ CONTROV]SY4 ,9 ,SAO ,PAULO & ,BELO ,HORIZONTE1 = EXAMPLE1 AN>*I/S & O!RS M>*$ 9 BLACK BLOC =MATION1 BUT !Y DID NOT ATTACK ! POLICE OR BREAK ANY?+4 ,?IS %[$ ?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO M>* & DEMON/RATE /R5G? 9 NUMB]S )\T NECESS>ILY ACT+ 0VIOL5TLY40 ,! AN>*I/ PRES5CE WAS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT EMPHASIZ$ ?AT IT W\LD NOT BE 5\< TO SAY 0,TEM] \T10 BUT 9/EAD ASS]T$ ?AT NO GOV]NM5T IS AN OPTION & ?AT DIRECT & AUTONOM\S ACTION--NOT ! REG5]ATION ( DEMOCRACY--REMA9S \R BE/ WEAPON4 

,OCCUPY+ ! ,S*OOLS 

,! OCCUPATION /RATEGY ?AT SPREAD 9 #baf WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! /RUGGLES ( ,OCTOB] #b#a#e1 :5 #b S*OOLS W]E OCCUPI$ BY /UD5TS ?R\<\T ! /ATE ( ,SAO ,PAULO4 ,GOV]NOR ,G]ALDO ,ALCKIM9 PLANN$ TO CLOSE #id S*OOLS1 FIR+ TEA*]S & AFFECT+ ! LIVES ( AB\T #c1 /UD5TS :O W\LD HAVE HAD TO /UDY 9 OV]CR[D$ CLASSROOMS F> FROM !IR HOMES4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ON ,NOVEMB] #i1 #b#a#e1 AB\T #ah /UD5TS OCCUPI$ A S*OOL 9 ,DIADEMA1 ! METROPOLITAN REGION ( ,SAO ,PAULO4 ,TWO DAYS LAT]1 POLICE (FIC]S >M$ ) MA*9E GUNS ATTEMPT$ TO 5T] ! S*OOL BUT FAIL$ TO =CE ! /UD5TS \T ( ! BUILD+S4 

,A FEW DAYS AFT] ?IS1 MANY DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE SIMULTANE\SLY1 ) MANY CONFRONTATIONS ) ! POLICE ON ! /REETS & AT ! S*OOL GATES4 ,)9 A MON?1 #bc S*OOLS W]E OCCUPI$4 ,S*OOLS BECAME REAL COMMUNES ) /UD5TS ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9 CLEAN+1 COOK+1 & SAFETY COMMITTEES4 ,!Y RECEIV$ SUPPORT FROM P>5TS & ! G5]AL PUBLIC1 & MORE ?AN #a PEOPLE VOLUNTE]$ TO (F] FREE CLASSES & WORK%OPS ON TOPICS SU* AS GRAFFITI1 G>D5+1 HEAL?1 & G5D]4 ,%[S & FE/IVALS W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 SOME BUILD+S4 ,POLITICAL P>TIES & ! /UD5T UNIONS L9K$ TO !M W]E PREV5T$ FROM P>TICIPAT+3 ! OCCUPATIONS REMA9$ AUTONOM\S & HORIZONTAL4 ,FOLL[+ ! OCCUPATIONS1 ! GOV]NOR'S POPUL>ITY HIT A RECORD L[1 ! REORGANIZATION PLAN WAS REPEAL$1 & ! ,SECRET>Y ( ,$UCATION RESIGN$4 

,AFT] ?IS P>TIAL VICTORY1 SOME GR\PS DECID$ TO CONT9UE OCCUPY+ SOME S*OOLS4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,DECEMB]1 #bc S*OOLS W]E ALREADY OCCUPI$ 9 ! /ATE ( ,GOIAS1 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ PRIVATIZATION & MILIT>IZATION4 ,9SPIR$ BY /UD5TS FROM ,SAO ,PAULO1 !Y DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! NEXT YE> WAS AB\T TO OP5 ) /RUGGLES 9ITIAT$ BY AN 9TELLIG5T NEW G5]ATION4 ,9 ! FIR/ SEME/] ALONE1 ?IS NEW /RUGGLE EM]G$ & OCCUPATIONS BROKE \T 9 ,GOIANIA1 ,BELO ,HORIZONTE1 ,CURITIBA1 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1 & MANY O!R CITIES 

,AT ! 5D ( #b#a#f1 S*OOLS TOOK ! C5T] /AGE AGA94 ,AT ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB]1 A FEW DAYS AFT] GA9+ (FICE1 ! NEW GOV]NM5T ANN\NC$ A CON/ITUTIONAL AM5DM5T 7,P,E,C #e#e_/#b#d#a7 ?AT R$UC$ ! /ATE BUDGET CEIL+ = HEAL? & $UCATION = ! NEXT #b YE>S4 ,ONE ,U,N (FICIAL DESCRIB$ ?IS MEASURE AS 0! MO/ SOCIALLY REGRESSIVE AU/]ITY PACKAGE 9 ! WORLD40 

,9ITIALLY1 A NEW WAVE ( OCCUPATIONS BEGAN 9 /ATE HI< S*OOLS AGA9/ CUTS 9 SOCIAL SECURITY & $UCATION4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]1 A FUR!R #ab S*OOLS & #a UNIV]SITIES W]E OCCUPI$ 9 #ai /ATES4 ,ONE ( ! HI<LI<TS ( ?IS MOBILIZATION TOOK PLACE ON ,NOVEMB] #bi :5 S5ATORS VOT$ = ! MEASURE2 AB\T #c1 /UD5TS1 WORK]S1 9DIG5\S PEOPLE & PEASANTS FROM ALL OV] ! C\NTRY W5T TO ! CAPITAL ,BRASILIA TO PROTE/ & CLA%$ ) ! POLICE1 BURN+ C>S & ATTACK+ ! W9D[S & ! DOORS ( ! PALACES4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT 5\<3 ! LAW PASS$4 ,! GOV]NM5T FROZE ! $UCATION & HEAL? BUDGETS = #b YE>S TO CALM ! F9ANCIAL M>KET4 

,G5]AL ,/RIKE3 #bag ,REM9DS ,US ( #aiag 

,LEFT-W+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & UNIONS MOBILIZ$ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 AN ATTEMPT TO REGA9 NATIONAL 9FLU5CE BY CALL+ = ACTION 9 ,M>* #bag & A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,APRIL4 ,ON ,M>* #a#e1 A /RIKE WAS CALL$ 9 #be /ATES1 BUT IT WAS NOT A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,ON ,M>* #c#a1 ?\S&S TOOK TO ! /REETS 9 #bc /ATES AGA9/ ! ROLLBACK ( LABOR LAWS & ! \TS\RC+ LAW PROPOS$ BY ! GOV]NM5T ( ,MI*EL ,TEM]4 

,ON ,APRIL #b#h1 #d MILLION PEOPLE LEFT WORK 9 #ac CITIES ACROSS ! C\NTRY 9 ! L>GE/ G5]AL /RIKE 9 DECADES4 ,WORK]S 9 TRANSPORT1 BANKS1 S*OOLS1 UNIV]SITIES1 AIRPORTS1 COMM]CE1 & FACTORIES GA!R$ ON ! /REETS ( EV]Y /ATE 9 ! C\NTRY ALONG ) /UD5T MOVEM5TS & HOMELESS & L&LESS MOVEM5TS4 ,PROTE/]S 9 ,SAO ,PAULO M>*$ TO ! DOOR ( ,MI*EL ,TEM]'S H\SE1 BUT W]E B>R$ 5TRY BY POLICE4 ,BLACK BLOCS RETALIAT$ BY SCATT]+ ?R\<\T ! CITY TO ATTACK BANKS & %OPS4 

,MO/ ( ! PEOPLE :O TOOK ! /REETS HAD NEV] P>TICIPAT$ 9 A G5]AL /RIKE ) SO MU* SUPPORT & MOBILIZATION4 ,9 #bac & #b#a#d1 ! WAVES ( PROTE/ DIDN'T SPREAD ) AS MU* =CE OR AS RADICAL A CRITIQUE4 ,AN>*I/S SEIZ$ ! MOM5T TO REFRE% ! C\NTRY'S COLLECTIVE MEMORY & COMMEMORATE ! C5T5>Y ( ! ,FIR/ ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( ,BRAZIL 9 #a#i#a#g--ALSO KN[N AS ! ,AN>*I/ ,G5]AL ,/RIKE4 ,AT ! TIME1 AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS & UNIONS W]E ! L>GE/ EFFECTIVE POLITICAL =CES 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,PREVI\SLY1 /RIKES HAD BE5 LIMIT$ TO PRODUCTIVE SECTORS OR SPECIFIC CATEGORIES ( WORK]S4 ,WORK]S 9 ,SAO ,PAULO F\<T AGA9/ L[ WAGES1 AGA9/ ! #a#f-H\R WORKDAY1 AGA9/ MEAG] WAGES = WOM5 & *ILDR54 ,ALL ( !SE /RUGGLES W]E COMMON AT ! TIME1 S9CE !RE WAS VIRTUALLY NO LABOR LEGISLATION4 

,! /RIKES ( #aiag BEGAN & !N G5]ALIZ$ AFT] ! DEA? ( ,SPANI% COBBL] ,JOSE ,M>T9EZ4 ,DUR+ HIS FUN]AL1 #e1 PEOPLE CEAS$ WORK+ & MORE PROTE/S TOOK PLACE4 ,DAYS LAT]1 MORE PROTE/S1 RALLIES1 & LOOT+ HELP$ 9CREASE SUPPORT AMONG WORK]S & SPREAD ! /RIKE ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,SOME DEM&S W]E P>TLY CONC$$1 SU* AS WAGE 9CREASES1 ! R$UCTION ( WORK+ H\RS1 FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION1 ! 5D ( NI<T WORK = WOM51 & ! 5D ( *ILD LABOR4 

,DUR+ ! #aiag /RIKE1 DIRECT ACTIONS W]E P[]FUL & ! CONFRONTATIONS W]E FI]CE4 ,! DEA? TOLL FROM REPRESSION IS /ILL UNC]TA91 BUT !RE >E 9DICATIONS ?AT /ATE =CES MURD]$ DOZ5S OR EV5 HUNDR$S ( WORK]S4 ,AFT] ?IS P]IOD1 ! REPRESSION ( REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM1 ( AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S WAS 9CREAS+LY BRUTAL4 ,!Y EV5 CON/RUCT$ A P5AL COLONY = POLITICAL PRISON]S :I* OP]AT$ = F\R YE>S4 ,LOCAT$ 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,AMAZON RA9=E/ & KN[N AS ! 0,BRAZILIAN ,SIB]IA10 ,CLEVEL&IA WAS A CONC5TRATION CAMP = ALL K9DS ( P>IAHS 9 SOCIETY1 BUT IT WAS ! MA9 DE/9ATION ( AN>*I/S & O!R REBELS IMPRISON$ UND] ! REGIME ( ,PRESID5T ,>?UR ,B]N>DES 7#a#i#b#b-#a#i#b#f74 ,DOM+OS ,PASSOS1 A WELL-KN[N BLACK WORK] & ,BRAZILIAN AN>*I/1 ,COLOMBIAN WRIT] ,BOLFILO ,PANCLA/A & MANY O!R FAM\S NAMES >E SOME ( ! SURVIVORS ( ,CLEVEL&IA PRISON1 :]E HUNDR$S W]E TAK5 TO SUFF] TORTURE1 =C$ LABOR1 ILLNESS1 & DEA?4 

,! #bag /RIKE WAS NOT AS 9T5SE OR AS RADICAL AS ! ONE A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 ,IT FAIL$ TO MAKE ! GOV]NM5T BACK D[N ON ITS MEASURES4 ,BUT IT RE9=C$ ! VALUE ( COORD9AT$ ACTION BETWE5 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & ! IMPORTANCE ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,9 ?IS NEW C5TURY1 AN>*I/S HAVE A LONG WAY TO GO TO REBUILD A TRADITION ( /RUGGLE4 

,! ,BULLETS ( A ,POLICE ,/ATE 

,! LA/ EXAMPLE ( A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! NEW GOV]NM5T & ITS POLICIES WE WILL ADDRESS WAS ! BIGGE/ & ! MO/ TRAGIC4 ,AB\T #e1 PEOPLE W5T TO ,BRASILIA ON ,MAY #bd TO PROTE/ ,MR4 ,TEM]'S DEP>TURE4 ,! OCCASION WAS YET ANO!R SC&AL3 PRESID5T ,TEM] HAD NEGOTIAT$ BRIBES ) ! [N] ( ,J,B,S1 ! C\NTRY'S L>GE/ MEAT COMPANY4 ,?IS SP>K$ ! L>GE/ & MO/ 9T5SE CONFRONTATION YET4 ,AGA91 ! BIGGE/ DEM& WAS ?AT ! PRESID5T LEAVE (FICE & HOLD NEW DIRECT ELECTIONS4 ,:AT ATTRACT$ ! MO/ ATT5TION WAS ! RADICAL NATURE ( ! PROTE/S4 

,PROTE/]S M>*$ T[>D ! POLICE BLOCKADES PROTECT+ ,CONGRESS >\ND #a PM4 ,MEMB]S ( UNIONS TRI$ TO BREAK ! B>RICADES & ! POLICE ATTACK$ ) PEPP] SPRAY4 ,! PRES5CE ( AN>*I/S & ! BLACK BLOC GAVE 9T5SITY TO CONFRONTATIONS ) ! TROOPS ( ,MILIT>Y ,POLICE & ,NATIONAL ,=CE ?AT LA/$ MORE ?AN AN H\R4 ,! BUILD+S ( EI<T M9I/RIES W]E DE/ROY$ & TWO W]E SET ON FIRE2 *EMICAL TOILETS W]E TURN$ 9TO B>RICADES :ILE ROCKS1 ROCKETS1 & ,MOLOTOVS W]E HURL$ AT ! POLICE4 

,FROM ! S\ND TRUCKS1 MEMB]S ( UNIONS & P>TIES ASK$ ! 0MASK$ COMRADES0 TO CALM D[N4 ,BUT :5 !Y REALIZ$ ?AT ! POLICE ATTACK WAS NOT GO+ TO /OP1 !Y1 TOO1 />T$ 9VIT+ PEOPLE TO RESI/4 ,:5 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE BUILD+ WAS SET ON FIRE1 ORD9>Y POLICE (FIC]S BEGAN FIR+ LE?AL AMMUNITION AT DEMON/RATORS4 ,A #f#d-YE>-OLD MAN WAS %OT 9 ! FACE & SURVIV$ ) ! BULLET LODG$ 9 HIS ?ROAT4 ,A Y\NG MAN LO/ HIS H& DUE TO ! EXPLOSION ( A POLICE CONCUSSION GR5ADE4 ,AT LEA/ #e PEOPLE W]E 9JUR$1 FIVE ( :OM HAD TO BE HOSPITALIZ$4 ,AT LEA/ EI<T POLICE (FIC]S W]E 9JUR$4 

,9 RESPONSE1 PRESID5T ,TEM] DECL>$ ! DEMON/RATIONS ILLEGITIMATE & US$ ! ,LAW & ,ORD] ,GU>ANTEE DECREE = ! ?IRD TIME 9 HIS GOV]NM5T4 ,! DECREE1 :I* CAN ONLY BE REQUE/$ BY ! PRESID5T1 SUMMON$ #ac ,>MY SOLDI]S & #b ,M>9ES TO PROTECT ! PUBLIC BUILD+S ( ,BRASILIA = A WEEK4 ,AFT] POPUL> PRESSURE FROM M$IA1 ! OPPOSITION1 & ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C\RT1 ! PRESID5T REVOK$ ! DECREE ! NEXT DAY4 ,! DAMAGE FROM ! ,MAY #bd V&ALISM WAS E/IMAT$ TO BE @s#c#f1 7LESS ?AN ! @s#d1 ?AT ONE ( ! [N]S ( ,J,B,S WAS REPORT$ TO PAY ! PRESID5T EV]Y MON? 9 TIPS74 

,! CR[DS W]E P[]FUL & %[$ RESI/ANCE4 ,H[EV]1 ! /ATE ( EXCEPTION QUICKLY BECAME ! /ATE'S GO-TO /RATEGY1 AS ! ,>M$ ,=CES W]E CALL$ TO TAKE TO ! /REETS AGA9/ AN 9T]NAL 5EMY JU/ H\RS AFT] POLICE OP5$ FIRE ON DEMON/RATORS ) LE?AL AMMUNITION4 ,=TUNATELY1 NO ONE DI$ 9 ! PROTE/S 9 ,BRASILIA4 ,ALL ( ?IS HAPP5$ ON ! SAME DAY ?AT AN OP]ATION 9VOLV+ #c PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ CIVILIAN POLICE1 SOLDI]S1 PRIVATE SECURITY GU>DS1 & P>AMILIT>IES1 9VAD$ A F>M OCCUPI$ BY L&LESS WORK]S 9 ,PAU ,D'>CO1 9 ! /ATE ( ,P>A4 ,!Y TORTUR$ & EXECUT$ AT LEA/ #aa PEASANTS & %OT AT LEA/ #ad 9 ! OP]ATION4 ,EXTREME CASES ( /ATE T]RORISM LIKE ?IS >E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY COMMON 9 ! C\NTRY1 %[+ ?AT AGR>IAN CONFLICTS >E WORS5+ ) ! NEW GOV]NM5T'S POLICIES4 ,TO DATE1 NO POLICE (FIC] :O %OT PROTE/]S 9 ,BRASILIA HAS BE5 >RE/$2 #ac ( ! POLICE (FIC]S 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,PAU ,D'>CO MASSACRE W]E NOT EV5 PROSECUT$ BY ! C\RTS4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( ! UPRIS+S ( #b#a#c1 WE REPORT$ ?AT 9 ! CITY C5T]S1 ! POLICE USE RUBB] BULLETS1 BUT 9 ! P]IPH]IES ( ! CITIES & ! C\NTRYSIDE1 !Y USE LE?AL AMMUNITION4 ,ON ,MAY #b#d1 #b#a#g1 WE FEEL ON \R SK9 ! PRO( ?AT ! BULLETS W\LD BE LE?AL ANY:]E ?AT RESI/ANCE >ISES AGA9/ AN 9CREAS+LY P]MAN5T /ATE ( EXCEPTION4 

,CONCLUSION3 ,DIRECT ,ACTION ,N[6 

,NEW ,T]RA9S1 ,NEW ,FI<TS 

,! T]RA9 HAS %IFT$ ONCE AGA94 ,! =MS ( /RUGGLE ?AT MOVEM5TS HAVE US$ AGA9/ ! NEW GOV]NM5T %[ H[ TACTICS & /RATEGIES HAVE EVOLV$ OV] REC5T YE>S4 ,WE HAVE SE5 9NOVATIONS 9 ,BRAZILIAN MOVEM5TS S9CE ! 9ITIAL WAVE ( #bac & #b#a#d4 ,AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ?IS TACTICAL R5EWAL1 ! GREATE/ EXAMPLE BE+ ! S*OOL OCCUPATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 AL?\< IT WON SOME M9OR VICTORIES 9 GOV]NM5T RE=MS 9 ,SAO ,PAULO1 ?IS WAS NOT ABLE TO /OP ! ,TEM] ADM9I/RATION'S AM5DM5TS NOR ITS AU/]ITY POLICIES4 ,A =M ( FI<T+ MI<T SUCCE$ = ONE YE>1 BUT NO?+ GU>ANTEES ?AT IT WILL CONT9UE TO S]VE 9 NEW CONTEXTS1 REG>DLESS ( H[ 9SPIR+ & P[]FUL ! 9ITIAL EXP]I5CE WAS4 

,/ILL1 OCCUPATION SEEMS TO BE ! TACTIC ?AT HAS BE5 MO/ EFFECTIVE AT PRODUC+ A COLLECTIVE GR\P ( MUTUAL SUPPORT & AUTONOMY4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T W]E ! SAME ONES ?AT G5]ALIZ$ 9 #b#a#c3 AUTONOM\S ACTION1 HORIZONTAL DECISION-MAK+1 & POLITICAL UNITY ( /UD5T P>TIES & ! MOVEM5TS L9K$ TO !M4 ,YET ! TACTICS ?AT APPE>$ DUR+ ! OCCUPATIONS W]E DIV]SE & QUICKLY *ANG$ ACCORD+ TO CONTEXT 9 AN UNPREC$5T$ WAY4 ,:AT BEGAN AS A WAVE ( DISCONT5T 9 SOCIAL NETWORKS BECAME A MOVEM5T ) M>*ES & OCCUPATIONS ?AT SPREAD RAPIDLY4 ,9 ! MIDDLE ( ! /RUGGLE1 IT WAS COMMON = PEOPLE TO LEAVE ! OCCUPATIONS TO HOLD RALLIES1 PROTE/S1 & ROAD BLOCKADES1 & TO ORGANIZE PUBLIC LESSONS & EV5TS 9 S*OOLS OR ON ! /REETS4 ,9 #bae & #b#a#f1 OCCUPATIONS SUCCE$$ 9 CREAT+ A NEW POLITICAL SPACE )9 S*OOLS1 ) /UD5TS ORGANIZ+ CLASSES1 CLEAN+1 G>D5+1 COOK+1 RESOLV+ CONFLICTS1 & %>+ ME?ODS ( DEAL+ ) POLICE VIOL5CE1 ALL :ILE GIV+ NEW USE TO A /RUCTURE CREAT$ TO CONTROL & %APE ! NEW WORK=CE4 ,EV5 :5 \R SPECIFIC DEM&S >E NOT MET1 WE CAN EXP]I5CE VICTORY ON OCCASIONS :5 SELF-DET]M9ATION & RADICAL ACTIVITIES RECEIVE COMMUNITY SUPPORT = MA9TA9+ SPACE & RESI/+ ! POLICE4 

,/UD5TS QUICKLY RECOGNIZ$ :O WAS REALLY ON !IR SIDE & :O JU/ WANT$ TO CAPITALIZE ON !IR /RUGGLES4 ,! /UD5T UNIONS ?AT S]VE AS AN ELECTORAL PLAT=M = ! Y\? ( ! P>TIES W]E NOT ABLE TO TAKE OV] ! OCCUPATIONS & LEAD A PEACE-MAK+ DIALOGUE ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,RI<T-W+ GR\PS ?AT TRI$ TO 9FILTRATE S*OOLS TO SPREAD !IR AG5DA OR TO SABOTAGE ! OCCUPATIONS W]E BANI%$ & TOLD NEV] TO RETURN4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO OCCUPY NOT ONLY ! PHYSICAL /RUCTURES BUT ALSO ! TIME & RELATION%IPS ?AT MAKE ?OSE /RUCTURES FUNCTION4 ,9 E/ABLI%+ RADICAL & HORIZONTAL RELATIONS1 WE DEMON/RAT$ 9 PRACTICE ?AT \R GOALS & \R WAYS ( FI<T+ = A BETT] WORLD CAN OV]COME ! SUP]FICIAL POL>IZATION BETWE5 LEFT & RI<T ?AT DOM9ATES ! PRESS1 SOCIAL M$IA & \R DAILY LIVES4 

,!RE IS TREM5D\S REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL 9 OCCUPY+ BUILD+S & PUBLIC SPACES OR ANY PIECE ( L& OR CAPITAL 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,9 ADDITION TO DISRUPT+ & MODIFY+ ! FUNCTION ( ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTIVE P[] & POLITICAL OPPRESSION1 US+ !SE /RUCTURES TO HO/ \R MOVEM5TS1 EV5 = A LIMIT$ TIME1 CAN BE A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO NURTURE REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS CAN JUMP-/>T ! ACCUMULATION ( EXP]I5CE1 KN[L$GE1 & RES\RCES = FUTURE /RUGGLES4 ,SOME ( ! /UD5TS :O />T$ S*OOL OCCUPATIONS 9 #bae & #baf HAD SOME CONTACTS & 9FLU5CE FROM ! #bac AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS ! ,M,P,L 7! ,FREE ,PASS ,MOVEM5T74 ,BUT 9 G5]AL1 ! /UD5T MOVEM5TS DID NOT SUCCE$ BECAUSE ( TRADITIONAL MOVEM5TS OR P>TIES1 NOR EV5 AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS ?AT HAD BE5 ORGANIZ+ TOGE!R = OV] A DECADE1 :I* HAD BE5 ! F\NDATION ( ! MOVEM5T 9 #b#a#c4 ,! /UD5T MOVEM5T WAS CREAT$ BY ! P[] ( IMAG9ATION & 9NOVATION ( Y\NG PEOPLE AG$ #ac TO #a#h1 ! MAJORITY ( :OM HAD NEV] P>TICIPAT$ 9 ANY PROTE/ OR SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS ! NEW BLOOD & ! CAPACITY TO IMAG9E ! UNIMAG9ABLE ?AT MADE ! MOVEM5T /RONG & ATTRACT$ SOLID>ITY FROM ! :OLE C\NTRY4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 \R NEWE/ POLITICAL 5EMIES1 ! CONS]VATIVE & NEOLIB]AL RI<T1 ALSO B5EFITT$ FROM R5EW+ !IR TACTICS4 ,!SE =CES W]E L$ BY Y\NG PEOPLE :O W]E ON ! /REETS AT ! SAME TIME ?AT WE W]E 9 #b#a#c4 ,BY US+ SOCIAL M$IA & BUILD+ POLITICAL ALLIANCES ) 9T]NATIONAL P>TIES & 9/ITUTIONS1 !Y W]E ABLE TO GA9 9FLU5CE BY CO-OPT+ ! DISCONT5T ( ! Y\? & ! MIDDLE CLASS4 ,WE HAVE TO OV]COME \R [N LIMITS1 BUT ALSO TO WAT* H[ RIVAL MOVEM5TS >E EM]G+ 9 ORD] TO 5SURE ?AT \R TACTICS & VISIONS WILL BE MORE ATTRACTIVE ?AN ! PROMISE ( SECURITY & CONSUM] PRE/IGE (F]$ BY ! RI<T W+4 

,BEYOND ,POL>IZATION 

,AS ! PRESID5TIAL ELECTIONS ( #bah APPROA*1 P>TS ( ! LEFT ONCE AGA9 TRI$ TO SELL US ! IMAGE ( ,LULA AS ! SAVIOR ( ! POOR4 ,N[ MORE ?AN EV]1 WE NE$ REJECT ?IS K9D ( N>RATIVE4 ,! ,P,T IS NOT A SOLUTION = ! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALISM4 ,ELECTIONS WILL NOT GU>ANTEE US ANY?+4 ,! CLASS RECONCILIATION ?AT ! ,P,T ORGANIZ$ TO KEEP ! RI* 9 *>GE ( ! ECONOMY & ! P>LIAM5T>Y C\P ?AT SUBSEQU5TLY TOPPL$ ,DILMA DEMON/RAT$ BEYOND A D\BT ?AT ! BALLOT IS P[]LESS :5 ! OLIG>*Y IS DET]M9$ TO TAKE OV] ! ,/ATE4 

,!RE IS LITTLE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 H[ ! LEFT & ! RI<T TREAT ! POOR3 !Y BO? BELIEVE ?AT ! P]IPH]IES >E HAV5S ( VIOL5CE1 TRAFFICK+1 CRIMES1 & DISPOSABLE BODIES4 ,! ONLY /ATE 9/ITUTIONS REALLY PRES5T 9 ?OSE >EAS >E ! POLICE & ! >MY4 ,! 9NOVATION ( ! ,P,T & ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN LEFT IS TO SIMULTANE\SLY COMB9E >M$ REPRESSION ) SOCIAL PROGRAMS4 ,PROGRAMS SU* AS ! ,BOLSA ,FAMILIA >E COMPATIBLE ) PACIFICATION & MILIT>IZATION OP]ATIONS 9 ! FAVELAS1 A COMMON =M ( PREV5TIVE C\NT]9SURG5CY4 ,SOCIAL PROGRAMS ?AT 9CLUDE ! POOR 9 CONSUM] SOCIETY & POLICE REPRESSION 9 ! COMMUNITIES ACT 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! MOVEM5TS ?AT AIM TO PREV5T ! POOR FROM BUILD+ AUTONOMY AP>T FROM ! /ATE & ! M>KET4 ,! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T DID ! SAME ?+ :5 ! ,ZAPATI/AS BUILT S*OOLS 9 POOR CITIES3 9/EAD ( BUILD+ S*OOLS :]E !RE W]E NONE1 ! GOV]NM5T DECID$ TO COMPETE BY BUILD+ S*OOLS ONLY 9 ! SAME CITIES AS ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,!Y (F]$ METAL %EET RO(S AS AN 9C5TIVE TO ?OSE FAMILIES ?AT *OSE TO PUT !IR *ILDR5 9 ! /ATE S*OOLS4 ,BO? ! RI<T & ! LEFT KN[ ?AT :5 Y\ IGNORE POV]TY1 ?IS WILL ULTIMATELY GIVE RISE TO ORGANIZ$ UPRIS+S4 

,! DIVID+ L9ES BETWE5 ! RI<T & ! LEFT HIDES :AT IS SIMIL> 9 BO? ( !IR POLITICAL PROJECTS4 ,! ,P,S,D,B IS USUALLY SE5 AS A RI<T-W+ PROJECT1 ON ACC\NT ( BE+ ! ,P,T'S *IEF RIVAL4 ,BUT ?IS POL>IZATION OBSCURES ! FACT ?AT !RE >E F> MORE SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 !SE TWO P>TIES ?AN BO? W\LD LIKE TO ADMIT4 ,AL?\< ! ,P,T GREW \T ( A MOVEM5T ) A BROAD POPUL> SUPPORT BASE1 BO? HAD !IR ORIG9S 9 SIMIL> SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PROJECTS & BO? ULTIMATELY BECAME S]VANTS ( ! ELITES4 ,! ,P,T HAS MA9TA9$ RELATIONS ) SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & TRADE UNIONS1 BR++ !M 9TO ITS GOV]NM5T1 :ILE BASICALLY REMA9+ ALLI$ ) ! 9DU/RIAL ELITES ( ! ,S\!A/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,H[EV]1 IT WAS =M] ,PRESID5T ,F]N&O ,H5RIQUE :O PROPOS$ IMPLEM5T+ ! 9COME TRANSF] PROGRAMS ?AT W]E LAT] TRANS=M$ 9TO ! ,BOLSA ,FAMILIA4 ,9 #b#c1 ! ,P,S,D,B PUBLI%$ A =MAL COMPLA9T AB\T HAV+ BE5 PREV5T$ FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ,X,X,I,I ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL HELD 9 ,SAO ,PAULO4 ,EV5 ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE ( ! RI<T W+ CONSID] ! ,P,S,D,B TO BE ! 0LEFT ( ! RI<T40 

,! SAME CORRUPTION WAS ALSO PRES5T 9 LEFTI/ GOV]NM5TS4 ,! ,LAVA ,JATO 9VE/IGATIONS 7AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL7 & ! ,PANAMA ,PAP]S SC&AL 7ON A WORLD SCALE7 %[ :AT AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS TRI$ TO MAKE CLE>3 AT !IR V]Y ROOTS1 CAPITALISM & ! /ATE >E ORGANIZ$ BY CORRUPT AU?ORIT>IAN MAFIAS4 ,!IR P[] & EXI/5CE DEP5D ON ILLEGAL RELATION%IPS1 BRIB]Y1 DRUG TRAFFICK+1 TAX FRAUD1 & MONEY LAUND]+4 ,!Y DEP5D ON !SE CRIMES MU* MORE ?AN !Y DEP5D ON VOT+ & DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS4 ,9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,BRAZIL1 :]E ELECT$ GOV]NM5TS HAVE NEV] BE5 /&>D1 :]E C\PS & DICTATOR%IPS >E ! RULE1 ?IS BECOMES MORE OBVI\S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS CONTEXT CAN (F] A F]TILE GR\ND = FASCISM & /ATE T]RORISM4 

,?IS LEADS US TO O!R QUE/IONS3 :AT %\LD WE DO :5 F>-RI<T DISC\RSES GR[ 9 A C\NTRY 9 ! MID/ ( AN UNDECL>$ CIVIL W>8 ,WE DO NOT SPEAK ( CIVIL W> AS A METAPHOR ! WAY /UD5TS ( ,FR5* PHILOSOPHY LIKE TO4 ,WE'RE SPEAK+ ( A /ATE ( SIEGE 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 SOME?+ ?AT ! REBELS ( ! NOR!RN C\NTRIES HAVE ONLY HAD A BRIEF TA/E (4 ,! ,MILIT>Y ,POLICE ( ! /ATE ( ,SAO ,PAULO ALONE KILL$ #dei PEOPLE 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( #b#a#g1 ! L>GE/ NUMB] 9 #ad YE>S4 ,9 ! SAME P]IOD ( TIME 9 #b#a#g1 ! POLICE 9 ! :OLE ,UNIT$ ,/ATES KILL$ #fbd PEOPLE4 ,!RE W]E MORE VIOL5T DEA?S 9 ,BRAZIL ?AN 9 ! #ab L>GE/ W> ZONES 9 ! WORLD BETWE5 #bd & #b#g4 ,BY #b#a#e1 ! DEA? TOLL 9 ,BRAZIL WAS HI<] ?AN IT WAS 9 ! W> 9 ,SYRIA4 ,9 ,AUGU/ #b#a#g1 A CORPORATE NEWSPAP] L9K$ TO M$IA MONOPOLIES CREAT$ A W> $ITORIAL BO>D TO ADDRESS ! SECURITY CRISIS 9 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 0,?IS IS NOT NORMAL10 J\RNALI/S CLAIM$ :ILE COV]+ ! CONFLICT BETWE5 W>R+ FACTIONS & VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! G5]AL POPULATION4 ,?IS IS LIKELY ! FIR/ NEWSPAP] 9 ! WORLD TO CREATE A W> $ITORIAL BO>D 9 A C\NTRY ?AT HAS NOT (FICIALLY DECL>$ OR RECOGNIZ$ A CIVIL W>4 ,IF FASCI/S TAKE OV] ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT >E ALREADY P]PETRAT+ EXTREME VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! POPULATION1 ! RESULTS C\LD BE CATA/ROPHIC4 

,GOV]NM5TS ELECT$ ) LEFT-W+ PROGRAMS & ) ! SUPPORT ( TRADITIONAL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA >E LOS+ 9FLU5CE1 GIV+ WAY TO ALLIANCES ) NEW NEOLIB]AL =CES ?AT >E 9 TURN REJECT+ PACTS ) ! LEFT4 ,PUBLIC OP9ION SEEMS TO BE ?AT DEMOCRATIC & ELECTORAL PROCESSES HAVE ALREADY GIV5 ! LEFT A *ANCE1 :I* !Y SQU&]$4 ,EPISODES LIKE ! IMPEA*M5T 9 ,BRAZIL MAY JU/ BE ! FIR/ /EP ( A RI<T-W+ BREAK?R\< ?AT WILL LA/ = YE>S TO COME4 ,NEOLIB]ALISM WON A BATTLE BY C>RY+ \T ! C\P ?AT TOOK ! ,P,T \T ( ! PRESID5CY1 BUT ! #bah PRESID5TIAL ELECTIONS WILL SEE ! RI<T W+ SEEK+ TO CONSOLIDATE ITS RETURN BY SELL+ ITS PROJECT AT ! POLLS4 ,! BIGGE/ NAME ( ?IS NEW FACE ( NEOLIB]ALISM IS P]HAPS ,JOAO ,DORIA1 ! MAYOR & 0,C,E,O0 ( ,SAO ,PAULO4 ,BUT !RE IS ALSO ,JAIR ,BOLSON>O1 ! DEPUTY & MILIT>Y (FIC] :O SUPPORTS ! ,BRAZILIAN & ,*ILEAN DICTATOR%IPS & >GUES = US+ TORTURE & ! DEA? P5ALTY4 ,HE HAS ALREADY /AT$ ?AT IF HE IS ELECT$1 CONGRESS WILL BE DISSOLV$ & !RE WILL BE A C\P4 ,BOLSON>O IS 9 SECOND PLACE 9 ! POLLS ) #a#f.0 ( VOT] SUPPORT1 ONLY BEH9D ,LULA4 ,! NOTORI\SLY RACI/1 HOMOPHOBIC1 & SEXI/ MILIT>Y ?AT HE HAS PROMIS$ TO USE IS A GREAT ?REAT TO ALL M9ORITIES & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 AS HE PROPOSES TO DECL>E W> ON SU* GR\PS 9 ORD] TO 5D 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES & QUILOMBOLAS4 ,?IS IS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( HATE SPEE* & ,BRAZILIAN FASCISM ?AT ! RI<T W+ CULTIVAT$ DUR+ ! PROTE/S DEM&+ ,DILMA'S IMPEA*M5T4 

,:5 HATE SPEE* IS US$ AGA9/ M9ORITIES & IMPOV]I%$ PEOPLES ?AT B5EFIT FROM SOCIAL PROGRAMS1 A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( SOCIETY AGREES ) CONS]VATIVE LEAD]S & !IR DEM& = A POLICE /ATE4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION1 AN>*I/S FACE ! *ALL5GE ( %[+ ?AT !RE >E O!R POSSIBILITIES4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! MOVEM5TS ?AT SUPPORT SU* C&IDATES HAVE ALREADY GIV5 UP ON ! POSSIBILITY ( BUILD+ COLLECTIVE P[]4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS WANT TO H& OV] CONTROL ( ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS TO DICTATORS LIKE ! ONES :O TOOK (FICE 9 #a#i#f#d4 ,) EA* CRISIS & SC&AL1 !SE 9/ITUTIONS BECOME /RONG] & /RONG]4 ,A DICTATOR%IP CAN BE WORSE ?AN A DEMOCRACY2 AN EXPLICITLY NEOLIB]AL GOV]NM5T ?AT COMES TO P[] BY US+ A /ATE ( EXCEPTION C\LD BE EV5 WORSE ?AN ! ,P,T'S SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT WE MU/ NOT LEAVE ANY D\BTS3 WE >E AGA9/ BO?4 

,! REAL OPPOSITION ( =CES 9 \R SOCIETY IS NOT JU/ RI<T AGA9/ LEFT1 OR SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AGA9/ NEOLIB]AL IMP]IALISM4 ,!SE >E %ALL[ OPPOSITIONS ?AT CREATE FALSE DI*OTOMIES BETWE5 GR\PS ?AT HAVE COMMON ORIG9S & SIMIL> AG5DAS1 GR\PS ?AT WORK TOGE!R TO MA9TA9 ! CONTROL & PRIVILEGES ( ! SAME CLASSES ( RUL]S & 5TREPR5EURS4 ,! ONLY OPPOSITION ?AT CAN MAKE ANY DIFF]5CE 9 SOCIAL /RUGGLES IS ! ONE BETWE5 GOV]NM5TS & ! FRE$OM ( ALL PEOPLE2 BETWE5 CONTROL & SELF-DET]M9ATION2 BETWE5 REPRES5TATION & AUTONOMY2 BETWE5 HI]>*Y & AN>*Y4 ,9 A TIME :5 IT IS NORMAL = MIDDLE-CLASS Y\? TO FEEL ?AT BE+ REBELLI\S IS PRIM>ILY A RI<T-W+ T5D5CY1 ! QUE/ION IS H[ TO TAKE P>T 9 ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL /RUGGLES ( \R TIME 9 A WAY ?AT E/ABLI%ES \R POSITION AS AN>*I/S :O >E AGA9/ ANY K9D ( GOV]NM5T4 

,DIRECT ,ACTION ,N[6 

,9 RESPONSE TO ! PO/]S CALL+ = 0,DIRECT ,ELECTIONS ,N[10 WE ASS]T ?AT \R BE/ OPTION IS /ILL TO TAKE DIRECT ACTION N[6 ,TO OCCUPY1 TO RIOT1 TO PLUND]1 TO ORGANIZE \RSELVES TO BUILD ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURES ?AT GU>ANTEE AUTONOMY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE MU/ TRY TO SPREAD TACTICS1 /RATEGIES1 & OBJECTIVES ?AT /R5G!N US AS A COMMUNITY & RELEASE US FROM ! CONTROL ( ! /ATE & ! M>KET4 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 DIRECT ACTION & RADICAL POLITICS IS NOT ALWAYS OBVI\S4 ,AS AN>*I/S1 WE MU/ /RIVE TO MAKE ?IS RELATION%IP EXPLICIT :5EV] POSSIBLE4 ,P>TIES & MOVEM5TS EM]G$ AFT] #bac ) ! IDEA ( RE/OR+ ELECTORAL POLITICS & PUTT+ 0REAL REPRES5TATIVES0 FROM M9ORITIES 9TO GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y DID ?IS US+ SLOGANS LIKE 0HORIZONTALITY10 0AUTONOMY10 & 0NO POLITICAL P>TIES40 ,!SE WORDS BECAME FAM\S BECAUSE !Y W]E ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS ?AT />T$ ! UPRIS+S 9 #b#a#c4 ,JU/ AS ,SYRIZA />T$ SMALL & GA9$ SUPPORT AS ! ONLY P>TY ?AT DID NOT CONDEMN ! VIOL5T PROTE/S 9 ,GREECE 9 #b#h1 !SE MOVEM5TS US$ ! SAME T]M9OLOGY ?AT BECAME POPUL> ) ! NEW POLITICAL ACTORS 9 ! /REETS ( ,BRAZIL1 ! NEWLY POLITICIZ$ P>TS ( ! POPULATION4 ,SOON 0OCCUPY EV]Y?+0 BECAME 0,OCCUPY ! ,ELECTIONS40 ,SOCIAL MOVEM5TS T5D TO RELY ON :AT IS FAMILI> :5 !Y ADDRESS !MSELVES TO PUBLIC OP9ION1 = FE> ( ISOLAT+ !MSELVES AS 0TOO RADICAL40 ,EV5 AN>*I/S DO SO :5 !Y USE DEMOCRATIC DISC\RSES & ME?ODOLOGIES SU* AS 0DIRECT DEMOCRACY10 AS IF ?IS W\LD NECESS>ILY LEAD TO AN>*Y ONE DAY4 ,RELY+ ON :AT IS FAMILI>1 !Y EMBRACE A POPULI/ TONE ?AT IS EASILY DIGE/$1 & =GET ?AT IF ACRACY 7LACK ( CO]CIVE P[]7 W]E ! SAME AS DEMO-CRACY 7! CO]CIVE P[] ( ONE GR\P OR MAJORITY OV] ! RE/71 WE W\LD NOT NE$ TWO DIFF]5T WORDS4 

,WE UND]/& ?AT NOT EV]YONE WILL *OOSE TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM 9 A RADICAL WAY4 ,WE NE$ TO LE>N H[ TO 5GAGE ) & EV5 FI<T SIDE BY SIDE ) RE=M]S & ?OSE :O SUPPORT GOV]NM5TAL P>TIES LIKE ! ,P,T4 ,BUT WE CANNOT =GET \R POSITION1 NOR %\LD WE FAIL TO PO9T \T ! SY/EMIC & HI/ORICAL PROBLEMS ) ! 9/ITUTIONS WE FI<T4 ,:5 WE P]CEIVE A CRISIS ( REPRES5TATION1 WE MU/ USE ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO PROMOTE DISBELIEF 9 POLITICIANS & !IR 9/ITUTIONS AS A :OLE1 RA!R ?AN LOOK+ = WAYS TO TAKE OV] !IR POSITIONS 9 ORD] TO REG5]ATE B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,IF WE CANNOT W9 VICTORIES BY PRES5T+ DEM&S1 WE %\LD AT LEA/ TAKE ADVANTAGE ( /REET PROTE/S & CONFLICTS ) ! AU?ORITIES TO OCCUPY SPACES 9 :I* WE CAN WORK ) O!RS TO DEVELOP REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL SKILLS4 

,NO ONE SAID ?IS W\LD BE EASY1 OR ?AT ONLY A FEW DEMON/RATIONS W\LD DE/ROY ! /ATE & CAPITALISM4 ,WE CANNOT EXPECT TO REPEAT #aiag OR #bac JU/ BY IMITAT+ :AT HAS WORK$ 9 ! PA/4 ,WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO DO MU* TO 9FLU5CE :5 MAJOR UPHEAVALS WILL HAPP51 BUT WE CAN ALWAYS BE PREP>$ = :5 !Y DO4 ,AS ! MOVEM5TS AGA9/ RIS+ PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION F>ES 9 #bac %[$1 ! SY/EM LE>NS TO DEAL ) NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,WE HAVE TO CON/ANTLY \TMANEUV] ! /ATE 9 ORD] TO /AY AHEAD ( ! PROCESS ( COOPTATION4 ,!Y WILL GIVE US RE=MS TO CALM \R ANG] & DRAW US \T ( ! /REETS2 !Y WILL LI/5 TO \R OP9IONS & EV5 ACCEPT SOME ( US 9TO !IR GOV]NM5TS SO ?AT WE WILL FEEL ?AT ! SY/EM REPRES5TS US AS WELL4 ,BUT WE %\LD NOT CONT5T \RSELVES ) 9CLUSION OR RE=M4 ,\R GOAL IS TO OCCUPY1 RESI/1 & ORGANIZE \RSELVES TO 9CREASE \R P[] COLLECTIVELY AGA9/ ALL =MS ( CONTROL & OPPRESSION4 ,:E!R IT IS AN ELECT$ GOV]NM5T OR A GOV]NM5T IMPLEM5T$ BY A C\P1 NO GOV]NM5T IS AN OPTION--NO GOV]NM5T IS LEGITIMATE 9 \R EYES4 

,DICTATOR%IPS >E WORSE ?AN DEMOCRACIES1 JU/ AS C\PS >E WORSE ?AN ELECTIONS4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! SC5>IO1 WE MU/ BE UNGOV]NABLE4 

.<#a.> ,V5EZUELA1 ,BOLIVIA1 & ,ECUADOR *OSE ! 0,BOLIV>IAN0 WAY--A COMB9ATION ( ANTI-IMP]IALI/1 ANTI-NEOLIB]AL1 & ANTI-OLIG>*IC POSITIONS4 

.<#b.> ,= MORE DETAILS ON ! CURR5T IMP]IALI/ MANEUV]S ( ! GR+OS1 SEE ! MILIT>Y DOCTR9E ( ! ,HYBRID ,W>4 

.<#c.> ,)9 ! ,HYBRID ,W>1 ! T]M = ?IS /RATEGY IS ,COLOR ,REVOLUTION1 SU* AS ! POLITICAL DE/ABILIZATION ?AT HAPP5$ ,UKRA9E4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#f? ,JUNE #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,BRAZIL #b#a#f-#a#g3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,CRISIS & ,C\P ,D',ETAT -- ,ADD$4 

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