,BOOK*91 ,OCALAN1 & ! ,DIALECTICS ( ,DEMOCRACY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JANET ,BIEHL 

,TEXT 3 

,FEBRU>Y #c-#e1 #b#a#b1 A CONF]5CE WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ,HAMBURG1 ,G]MANY4 ,! !ME WAS 0,*ALL5G+ ,CAPITALI/ ,MOD]NITY3 ,ALT]NATIVE CONCEPTS & ! ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION40 ,! FOLL[+ TEXT WAS DELIV]$ AS A SPEE* TO ! CONF]5CE4 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#i#i1 AT ! MOM5T :5 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN WAS ABDUCT$ 9 ,K5YA1 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 WAS LIV+ ) ME 9 ,BURL+TON1 ,V]MONT4 ,WE WAT*$ ,OCALAN'S CAPTURE ON ! NEWS REPORTS4 ,HE SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! PLI<T ( ! ,KURDS--HE SAID SO :5EV] ! SUBJECT CAME UP--BUT HE SAW ,OCALAN AS YET ANO!R ,M>XI/-,L59I/ GU]RILLA LEAD]1 A LATT]-DAY ,/AL9I/4 ,MURRAY HAD BE5 CRITICIZ+ SU* PEOPLE = DECADES1 = MISLEAD+ PEOPLE'S IMPULSES T[>D FRE$OM 9TO AU?ORITY1 DOGMA1 /ATISM1 & EV5--ALL APPE>ANCES TO ! CONTR>Y--ACCEPTANCE ( CAPITALISM4 

,BOOK*9 HIMSELF HAD BE5 A ,/AL9I/ BACK 9 ! #a#i#cS1 AS Y\NG TE5AG]2 HE LEFT LATE 9 ! DECADE & JO9$ ! ,TROTSKYI/S4 ,AT ! TIME1 ! ,TROTSKYI/S ?\<T ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I W\LD 5D 9 PROLET>IAN SOCIALI/ REVOLUTIONS 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! WAY ,WORLD ,W> ,I HAD GIV5 RISE TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,DUR+ ! W> ,BOOK*9 WORK$ H>D 9 A F\NDRY TO TRY TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S TO RISE UP & MAKE ?AT REVOLUTION4 ,BUT 9 #aide !Y DID NOT4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5T1 ITS FIRM PR$ICTION UNFULFILL$1 COLLAPS$4 ,MANY IF NOT MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S GAVE UP ON ,M>XISM & REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS G5]ALLY2 !Y BECAME ACADEMICS OR $IT$ MAGAZ9ES1 WORK+ MORE OR LESS )9 ! SY/EM4 

,BOOK*9 TOO GAVE UP ON ,M>XISM1 S9CE ! PROLET>IAT HAD CLE>LY TURN$ \T NOT BE REVOLUTION>Y AFT] ALL4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( GO+ MA9/REAM1 HE & HIS FRI5DS DID SOME?+ UNUSUAL3 !Y REMA9$ SOCIAL REVOLUTION>IES4 ,!Y RECALL$ ?AT ,TROTSKY1 BE=E HIS ASSASS9ATION 9 #a#i#d1 HAD SAID ?AT %\LD ! UN?9KABLE HAPP5--%\LD ! W> NOT 5D 9 REVOLUTION--!N IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y = !M TO RE?9K ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E ITSELF4 ,BOOK*9 & HIS FRI5DS GOT TOGE!R1 MEET+ EV]Y WEEK DUR+ ! #a#i#eS1 & LOOK$ = WAYS TO R5OVATE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT1 UND] NEW CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,CAPITALISM1 !Y REMA9$ C]TA91 WAS AN 9H]5TLY1 SELF-DE/RUCTIVELY FLAW$ SY/EM4 ,BUT IF NOT ! PROLET>IAT1 !N :AT WAS ITS WEAK PO9T8 ,BOOK*9 REALIZ$1 E>LY 9 ! #a#i#eS1 ?AT ITS FATAL FLAW WAS ! FACT ?AT IT WAS 9 CONFLICT ) ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 DE/RUCTIVE BO? ( NATURE & ( HUMAN HEAL?4 ,IT 9DU/RIALIZ$ AGRICULTURE1 TA9T+ CROPS & BY EXT5SION PEOPLE ) TOXIC *EMICALS2 IT 9FLAT$ CITIES TO UNBE>ABLY L>GE1 MEGALOPOLITAN SIZE1 CUT (F FROM NATURE1 ?AT TURN$ PEOPLE 9TO AUTOMATONS & DAMAG$ BO? !IR BODIES & !IR PSY*ES4 ,IT PRESSUR$ !M ?R\< ADV]TIS+ TO SP5D !IR MONEY ON USELESS COMMODITIES1 :OSE PRODUCTION FUR!R H>M$ ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,! CRISIS ( CAPITALISM1 !N1 W\LD RESULT NOT FROM ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS BUT FROM ! 9TOL]ABLE DEHUMANIZATION ( PEOPLE & ! DE/RUCTION ( NATURE4 

,TO CREATE AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY1 CITIES W\LD HAVE TO BE DEC5TRALIZ$1 SO PEOPLE C\LD LIVE AT A SMALL] SCALE & GOV]N !MSELVES & GR[ FOOD LOCALLY & USE R5EWABLE 5]GY4 ,! NEW SOCIETY W\LD BE GUID$1 NOT BY ! DICTATES ( ! M>KET1 OR BY ! IMP]ATIVES ( A /ATE AU?ORITY1 BUT BY PEOPLE'S DECISIONS4 ,!IR DECISIONS W\LD BE GUID$ BY E?ICS1 ON A COMMUNAL SCALE4 

,TO CREATE SU* A RATIONAL1 ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IT1 WE W\LD NE$ VIABLE 9/ITUTIONS--:AT HE CALL$ 0=MS ( FRE$OM40 ,BO? ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION & ! 9/ITUTIONS = ! NEW SOCIETY W\LD HAVE TO BE TRULY LIB]ATORY1 SO !Y W\LD NOT LEAD TO A NEW ,/AL91 TO YET ANO!R TYRANNY 9 ! NAME ( SOCIALISM4 ,YET !Y W\LD HAVE TO BE /RONG 5\< TO SUPPRESS CAPITALISM4 

,?OSE 9/ITUTIONS1 HE REALIZ$1 C\LD ONLY BE DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLIES4 ,! PRES5T NATION-/ATE W\LD HAVE TO BE ELIM9AT$ & ITS P[]S DEVOLVE TO CITIZ5S 9 ASSEMBLIES4 ,!Y1 RA!R ?AN ! MA/]S ( 9DU/RY C\LD MAKE DECISIONS1 = EXAMPLE AB\T ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,& S9CE ASSEMBLIES ONLY WORK$ 9 A LOCALITY1 9 ORD] TO FUNCTION AT A BROAD] GEOGRAPHICAL >EA1 !Y W\LD HAVE TO B& TOGE!R--TO CONF$]ATE4 

,HE SP5T ! NEXT DECADES ELABORAT+ !SE IDEAS = AN ECOLOGICAL1 DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,9 ! #a#i#hS1 = EXAMPLE1 HE SAID ! CONF$]ATION ( CITIZ5S' ASSEMBLIES W\LD =M A C\NT]P[] OR A DUAL P[] AGA9/ ! NATION /ATE4 ,HE CALL$ ?IS PROGRAM LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 LAT] US+ ! WORD COMMUNALISM4 

,DUR+ ?OSE DECADES HE TRI$ TO P]SUADE O!R ,AM]ICAN & ,EUROPEAN LEFTI/S ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS PROJECT4 ,BUT 9 ?OSE DAYS MO/ ( !M W]E TOO BUSY ADMIR+ ,MAO1 ,HO ,*I ,M9H1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4 ,BOOK*9 PO9T$ \T ?AT !Y W]E DICTATORS2 LEFTI/S DIDN'T WANT TO HE> SU* CRITICISMS4 ,ECOLOGY & DEMOCRACY >E JU/ PETIT-B\RGEOIS IDEAS1 !Y TOLD HIM4 ,! ONLY PEOPLE :O LI/5$ TO ,BOOK*9 W]E AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE HIS IDEAS W]E ANTI-/ATI/4 ,HE HAD BECOME1 9 FACT1 A HI<-PR(ILE AN>*I/4 

,HE TOLD ! AN>*I/S ?AT HIS PROGRAM = LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM WAS !IR NATURAL POLITICS1 !IR OBVI\S REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 ,!Y W\LD LI/5 TO HIM RESPECTFULLY1 BUT !N !Y'D TELL HIM !Y DIDN'T LIKE LOCAL GOV]NM5T ANY MORE ?AN !Y LIK$ ANY O!R K9D2 & !Y OBJECT$ TO MAJORITY VOT+1 BECAUSE IT MEANT ! M9ORITY W\LDN'T GET !IR WAY4 ,!Y PREF]R$ NONPOLITICAL COMMUNIT>IAN GR\PS1 COOP]ATIVES1 RADICAL BOOK/ORES1 COMMUNES4 ,BOOK*9 ?\<T SU* 9/ITUTIONS W]E F9E1 BUT TO MAKE A S]I\S REVOLUTION1 Y\ NE$$ A WAY TO GA9 ACTIVE1 CONCRETE1 VE/$1 /RUCTURAL1 LEGAL POLITICAL P[]4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM WAS A WAY TO DO ?AT1 TO GET A FIRM TOEHOLD AGA9/ ! NATION-/ATE4 

,HE WOO$ ! AN>*I/S4 ,HE C\RT$1 PLEAD$ )1 :E$L$1 BEGG$1 9TON$1 & SCOLD$ !M4 ,HE DID EV]Y?+ TO P]SUADE !M ?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM WAS ! WAY TO MAKE AN>*ISM POLITICALLY RELEVANT4 ,BUT BY #a#i#i#i-->\ND ! TIME ( ,OCALAN'S >RE/--HE WAS F9ALLY ADMITT+ ?AT HE HAD FAIL$1 & HE WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( DIS5GAG+ FROM AN>*ISM4 

,) ALL ?AT GO+ ON1 WE DIDN'T READ MU* AB\T ,OCALAN'S DEF5SE AT HIS TRIAL1 ON *>GES ( TREASON3 WE DIDN'T KN[1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT HE WAS UND]GO+ A TRANS=MATION SIMIL> TO ! ONE ,BOOK*9 HAD UND]GONE HALF A C5TURY E>LI]1 ?AT HE WAS REJECT+ ,M>XISM-,L59ISM 9 FAVOR ( DEMOCRACY4 ,HE HAD CONCLUD$ ?AT ,M>XISM WAS AU?ORIT>IAN & DOGMATIC & UNABLE TO CREATIVELY APPROA*+ CURR5T PROBLEMS4.<#a.> ,WE 0MU/ TO RESPOND TO ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T10 HE TOLD ! PROSECUTORS4 ,TO MOVE =W>D1 IT WAS NECESS>Y 0TO REASSESS PR9CIPLES1 ! PROGRAM & ! MODE ( ACTION40.<#b.> ,IT WAS SOME?+ ,BOOK*9 MI<T HAVE SAID 9 #a#i#d#f4 

,TODAY1 ,OCALAN TOLD HIS ,TURKI% PROSECUTORS1 RIGID SY/EMS >E COLLAPS+1 & 0NATIONAL1 CULTURAL1 E?NIC1 RELIGI\S1 L+UI/IC1 & 9DE$ REGIONAL PROBLEMS >E BE+ SOLV$ BY GRANT+ & APPLY+ ! BROADE/ DEMOCRATIC /&>DS40.<#c.> ,! ,P,K,K1 HE SAID1 MU/ GIVE UP ITS GOAL ( A*IEV+ A SEP>ATE ,KURDI% /ATE & ADOPT A DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM = ,TURKEY AS A :OLE4 

,DEMOCRACY1 HE SAID1 IS ! KEY TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 BECAUSE 9 A DEMOCRATIC SY/EM1 EA* CITIZ5 HAS RI<TS & A VOTE1 & EV]YONE P>TICIPATES EQUALLY REG>DLESS ( E?NICITY4 ,! ,TURKI% /ATE C\LD BE DEMOCRATIZ$1 TO ACKN[L$GE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE & !IR RI<TS TO LANGUAGE & CULTURE4.<#d.> ,IT WASN'T ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY1 SU* AS ,BOOK*9 WAS ADVOCAT+--IT WAS A TOP-D[N APPROA*4 ,RA!R1 0! GOAL IS A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC40.<#e.> 

,DEMOCRACY1 HE PO9T$ \T1 WAS ALSO ! KEY TO ,TURKEY'S FUTURE1 S9CE ,TURKEY C\LD NOT REALLY BE A DEMOCRACY )\T ! ,KURDS4 ,O!R DEMOCRATIC C\NTRIES HAD RESOLV$ !IR E?NIC PROBLEMS BY 9CLUD+ ONCE-M>G9ALIZ$ GR\PS--& ! 9CLUSIV5ESS & DIV]SITY MADE !M /RONG]4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,9DIA1 MANY O!R PLACES ) E?NIC ISSUES MORE COMPLEX ?AN ,TURKEY'S HAD MADE PROGRESS ON E?NIC 9CLUSION & BE5 ALL ! /RONG] = IT4 ,>\ND ! WORLD1 ACCEPTANCE TURN$ DIFF]5CES 9TO /R5G?S4 

,:ATEV] ! ,TURKI% PROSECUTORS MI<T HAVE ?\<T ( ?IS MESSAGE1 !Y DIDN'T C>E = ! MESS5G]--!Y CONVICT$ HIM & S5T5C$ HIM TO DEA?1 A S5T5CE LAT] COMMUT$ TO SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T4 

,BOOK*9 US$ TO SAY ?AT ! BE/ AN>*I/S >E ! ONES :O W]E =M]LY ,M>XI/S4 ,!Y KNEW H[ TO ?9K1 HE SAID1 H[ TO DRAW \T ! LOGIC ( IDEAS4 ,& !Y UND]/OOD DIALECTICS4 ,HE W\LD SURELY HAVE RECOGNIZ$ ?IS ABILITY 9 ,OCALAN1 HAD !Y MET4 ,BO? M5 %>$ A DIALECTICAL CA/ ( M9D1 9H]IT$ FROM !IR COMMON ,M>XI/ PA/4 ,NOT ?AT !Y W]E DIALECTICAL MAT]IALI/S--BO? UND]/OOD ?AT ?AT ,M>XI/ CONCEPT WAS 9ADEQUATE1 BECAUSE HI/ORICAL CAUSATION IS MULTIPLE1 NOT JU/ ECONOMIC4 ,BUT BO? REMA9$ DIALECTICAL3 9 LOVE ) HI/ORY'S DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES4 

,DIALECTICS IS A WAY ( DESCRIB+ *ANGE--NOT K9ETIC K9D ( *ANGE ?AT IS ! CONC]N ( PHYSICS1 BUT ! DEVELOPM5TAL *ANGE ?AT OCCURS 9 ORGANIC LIFE & 9 SOCIAL HI/ORY4 ,*ANGE PROGRESSES ?R\< CONTRADICTIONS4 ,9 ANY GIV5 DEVELOPM5T1 SOME ( ! OLD IS PRES]V$ :ILE SOME ( ! NEW IS ADD$1 RESULT+ 9 AN ,AUFHEBUNG1 OR TRANSC5D5CE4 

,BO? M5 W]E PRONE TO ?9K 9 T]MS ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,9DE$1 !Y WROTE SWEEP+ HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS ( CIVILIZATION1 MORE ?AN ONCE1 SEV]AL TIMES1 P>S+ ! DIALECTICS ( DOM9ATION & RESI/ANCE1 ( /ATES & TYRANNIES C\NT]$ BY /RUGGLES = FRE$OM4 ,UNLIKE ,M>XI/S1 !Y DIDN'T USE DIALECTICS TO PR$ICT SOME 9EVITABLE FUTURE REVOLT--!Y KNEW IT C\LD NOT PR$ICT4 ,9/EAD1 !Y US$ IT TO RAISE POSSIBILITIES1 TO ID5TIFY POT5TIALITIES1 TO E/ABLI% ! HI/ORICAL F\NDATIONS = :AT !Y ?\<T %\LD BE ! NEXT POLITICAL /EP4 ,!Y US$ IT1 CONSCI\SLY OR NOT1 = E?ICS--TO D]IVE1 FROM :AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! PA/1 :AT \<T TO COME NEXT4 

,BO? WROTE1 SEP>ATELY1 AB\T ! ORIG9S ( CIVILIZATION3 AB\T PRIMAL SOCIETIES 9 ! ,PALEOLI?IC2 AB\T ! RISE ( AGRICULTURE & PRIVATE PROP]TY & CLASS SOCIETY2 ! RISE ( RELIGION2 ( ADM9I/RATION1 /ATES1 >MIES1 & EMPIRES1 ( MON>*S & NOBILITY & FEUDALISM4 ,& !Y DISCUSS$ MOD]NITY1 ! RISE ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 SCI5CE1 TE*NOLOGY1 9DU/RIALISM1 CAPITALISM4 ,JU/ = CONV5I5CE1 ,I'M GO+ TO CALL !SE HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVES4 

,BOOK*9 WROTE TWO MAJOR ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVES3 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b7 & ,URBANIZATION ,AGA9/ ,CITIES7#a#i#h#f74.<#f.> ,OCALAN WROTE SEV]AL1 SU* AS ,! ,ROOTS ( ,CIVILIZATION & P>TS ( ,! ,P,K,K & ! ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION & EV5 ! MORE REC5T ,ROAD ,MAP4.<#g.> 

,!Y H>NESS$ !IR ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVES TO S]VE CURR5T POLITICAL PROBLEMATICS4 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM IS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 AN >GUM5T AGA9/ MA9/REAM1 RE=MI/ 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 9 FAVOR RADICAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,BOOK*9 WANT$ TO %[ !SE CAUTI\S LIB]ALS ?AT !Y C\LD AIM = MORE ?AN M]E /ATE RE=MS--?AT !Y %\LD & C\LD ?9K 9 T]MS ( A*IEV+ AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,PEOPLE LIV$ COMMUNALLY 9 ! PA/1 & !Y C\LD DO SO AGA94 

,SO HE HI<LI<T$ ! E>LY PRELIT]ATE SOCIETIES 9 HUMAN HI/ORY ?AT HE CALL$ 0ORGANIC SOCIETY10 TRIBAL1 COMMUNAL & NON-HI]>*ICAL1 LIV+ 9 COOP]ATION ) EA* O!R4 ,HE ID5TIFI$ ! SPECIFIC FEATURES ?AT MADE !M COOP]ATIVE3 ! MEANS ( LIFE W]E DI/RIBUT$ ACCORD+ TO CU/OMS ( USUFRUCT 7USE ( RES\RCES AS NE$$71 COMPLEM5T>ITY 7E?ICAL MUTUALITY71 & ! IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM 7! RI<T ( ALL TO FOOD1 %ELT]1 & CLO?+74.<#h.> 0,FROM ?IS FEEL+ ( UNITY BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COMMUNITY EM]GES A FEEL+ ( UNITY BETWE5 ! COMMUNITY & ITS 5VIRONM5T10 HE WROTE2 !SE ORGANIC SOCIETIES LIV$ 9 H>MONY ) ! NATURAL WORLD4.<#i.> 

,HE !N TRAC$ A DIALECTICAL DEVELOPM5T3 ! RISE ( HI]>*Y1 IMMAN5TLY1 \T ( ORGANIC SOCIETY3 PATRI>*Y & ! DOM9ATION ( WOM52 G]ONTOCRACY2 %AMANS & PRIE/S2 W>RIORS & *IEFS & /ATES2 CLASS SOCIETY4.<#a.> ,!REAFT] ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE >OSE1 RECONCEIV+ NATURE AS AN OBJECT TO BE EXPLOIT$4 

,= ,BOOK*91 HI]>*Y'S LEGACY ( DOM9ATION IS C\NT]$ BY A LONG/&+ LEGACY ( FRE$OM--RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS ?R\<\T HI/ORY ?AT HAVE EMBODI$ PR9CIPLES FROM ORGANIC SOCIETY--USUFRUCT1 COMPLEM5T>ITY1 ! IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM4 ,! POT5TIAL /ILL REMA9S = A DIALECTICAL TRANSC5D5CE ( DOM9ATION 9 A FREE COOP]ATIVE SOCIETY ?AT C\LD MAKE POSSIBLE A COOP]ATIVE RELATION%IP ) NATURE4 ,HE CALL$ ?IS SET ( IDEAS SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 

,?AT WAS #a#i#h#b4 ,9 A SECOND ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVE1 ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES1 HE S\<T TO E/ABLI% ! HI/ORICAL F\NDATIONS = ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY4 ,HE F\ND A TRADITION ( CITIZ5S' ASSEMBLIES ESPECIALLY 9 ! ANCI5T ,A!NIAN ECCLESIA2 9 E>LY T[NS ( ,ITALY & ,G]MANY & ! ,L[ C\NTRIES2 9 ! ,RUSSIAN VE*E ( ,PSKOV & ,NOVGOROD2 9 ! COMUN]O ASSEMBLIES ( SIXTE5?-C5TURY ,SPA92 9 ! ASSEMBLIES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ( #a#g#i#c2 ! COMMITTEES & C\NCILS ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION2 ! ,P>ISIAN CLUBS ( #a#h#d#h2 9 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a2 ! SOVIETS ( #aie & #a#i#a#g2 ! COLLECTIVES ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#f-#c#g2 & ! ,NEW ,5GL& T[N MEET+ TODAY1 AMONG O!RS4 ,HE %[$ H[ 7CONTR>Y TO ,M>XISM7 ! V5UE = REVOLUTION WAS NOT ! FACTORY BUT ! MUNICIPALITY4 ,URBANIZATION LAID \T ! DIALECTICAL F\NDATIONS = A MUNICIPALI/ REVOLT = FRE$OM AGA9/ ! NATION-/ATE4 

,CONF9$ TO SOLITUDE 9 HIS ISL& PRISON1 ,OCALAN D$ICAT$ HIMSELF TO /UDY & WRIT+1 (T5 ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVES4 ,ONE ( HIS PROBLEMATICS1 9 ,ROOTS ( ,CIVILIZATION 7#b#a71 WAS TO %[ ! NE$ = ,TURKEY'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC TO 9CLUDE ! ,KURDS4 ,HE TOO DESCRIB$ A PROCESS ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 ! HI/ORICAL MACRO-PROCESSES ( CIVILIZATION1 :OSE ROOTS LAY 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 AT ,SUM]4 

,9 HIS TELL+1 ! ,ZIGGURAT--A TEMPLE1 AN ADM9I/RATIVE C5T]1 & A PRODUCTION SITE--WAS 0! WOMB ( /ATE 9/ITUTIONS40.<#a#a.> ,! TOPMO/ FLOOR WAS SAID TO BE ! HOME ( ! GODS1 BUT ! FIR/ FLOOR WAS = ! PRODUCTION & /ORAGE ( GOODS4 ,! TEMPLE ?US FUNCTION$ AS A C5T] ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION4 ,RUL]S W]E ELEVAT$ TO DIV9E /ATUS2 ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE HAD TO TOIL 9 !IR S]VICE1 AS WORK]S 9 A TEMPLE-C5T]$ ECONOMY4 

,! ZIGGURATS W]E 0! LABORATORIES = ! 5COD+ ( HUMAN M9DSETS1 ! FIR/ ASYLUMS W]E ! SUBMISSIVE CREATURE WAS CREAT$40 ,!Y W]E 0! FIR/ PATRI>*AL H\SEHOLDS & ! FIR/ BRO!LS40 ,! ,SUM]IAN PRIE/S :O CON/RUCT$ !M BECAME 0! =EMO/ >*ITECTS ( C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL P[]40 ,!IR TEMPLES GREW 9TO CITIES1 CITIES BECAME /ATES1 & EMPIRES1 & CIVILIZATION4 ,BUT ! NATURE ( ! PH5OM5ON REMA9$ ! SAME3 0,! HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION AM\NTS TO NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! CONT9UATION ( A ,SUM]IAN SOCIETY GR[N 9 EXT5SION1 BRAN*$ \T & DIV]SIFI$1 BUT RETA9+ ! SAME BASIC CONFIGURATION40.<#a#b.> ,WE >E /ILL LIV+ 9 ,SUM]1 /ILL LIV+ 9 0?IS 9CR$IBLE 9TELLECTUAL 9V5TION0 ?AT 0HAS BE5 CONTROLL+ \R 5TIRE HI/ORY EV] S9CE40.<#a#c.> 

,IF ,SUM]IAN CIVILIZATION IS ! !SIS1 HE SAID DIALECTICALLY1 WE NE$ AN ANTI!SIS1 :I* WE CAN F9D 91 AMONG O!R PLACES1 ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION4.<#a#d.> ,E?NIC RESI/ANCE TO ! ,SUM]IAN CITY IS ANCI5T AS ?AT CITY ITSELF4 ,TODAY A TRANSC5D5CE ( ! ,SUM]IAN /ATE MAY BE F\ND 9 A FULLY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 HOME TO BO? ,KURDS & ,TURKS4 

,I DON'T KN[ ANY?+ AB\T ,OCALAN'S O!R 9TELLECTUAL 9FLU5CES--! NAMES ,WALL]/E91 ,BRAUDEL1 & ,F\CAULT >E (T5 M5TION$4 ,BUT IT'S CLE> ?AT 9 #bb ,OCALAN />T$ READ+ ,BOOK*9 9T5SIVELY1 ESPECIALLY ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM& ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES4 

,!REAFT]1 ?R\< HIS LAWY]S1 HE BEGAN RECOMM5D+ ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES TO ALL MAYORS 9 ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN & ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM TO ALL MILITANTS4.<#a#e.> ,9 ! SPR+ ( #b#d1 HE HAD HIS LAWY]S CONTACT ,MURRAY1 :I* !Y DID ?R\< AN 9T]M$I>Y1 :O EXPLA9$ TO ,MURRAY ?AT ,OCALAN CONSID]$ HIMSELF HIS /UD5T1 HAD ACQUIR$ A GOOD UND]/&+ ( HIS WORK1 & WAS EAG] TO MAKE ! IDEAS APPLICABLE TO ,MIDDLE ,EA/]N SOCIETIES4 ,HE ASK$ = A DIALOGUE ) ,MURRAY & S5T ONE ( HIS MANUSCRIPTS4 

,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 AMAZ+1 HAD ?AT DIALOGUE TAK5 PLACE4 ,UN=TUNATELY ,MURRAY1 AT EI<TY-?REE1 WAS TOO SICK TO ACCEPT ! 9VITATION & RELUCTANTLY1 RESPECTFULLY DECL9$4 

,OCALAN'S SUBSEQU5T WRIT+S %[ ! 9FLU5CE ( HIS /UDY ( ,BOOK*94 ,HIS #bd WORK ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,PEOPLE IS A ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVE ?AT 9CLUDES AN ACC\NT ( PRIMAL COMMUNAL SOCIAL =MS1 LIKE ,MURRAY'S 0ORGANIC SOCIETY10 ! COMMUNAL =M ( LIFE ?AT ,OCALAN R5AM$ 0NATURAL SOCIETY40 ,9 NATURAL SOCIETY1 HE WROTE1 PEOPLE LIV$ 0AS P>T ( NATURE10 & 0HUMAN COMMUNITIES W]E P>T ( ! NATURAL ECOLOGY40 ,HE PRES5T$ AN ACC\NT ( ! RISE ( HI]>*Y ?AT MU* RESEMBL$ ,BOOK*9'S3 ! /ATE 05=C$ HI]>*Y P]MAN5TLY & LEGITIMIZ$ ! ACCUMULATION ( VALUES & GOODS40 ,MOREOV]1 HE SAID1 ! RISE ( HI]>*Y 9TRODUC$ ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE3 0,9/EAD ( BE+ A P>T ( NATURE10 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY SAW 0NATURE 9CREAS+LY AS A RES\RCE40 ,OCALAN EV5 CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! PROCESS'S DIALECTICAL NATURE3 0NATURAL SOCIETY AT ! BEG9N+ ( HUMANK9D =MS ! !SIS CONTRA/$ BY ! ANTI!SIS ( ! SUBSEQU5T HI]>*IC & /ATE-BAS$ =MS ( SOCIETY40.<#a#f.> 

,!IR RESPECTIVE ,CIVILIZATION ,N>RATIVES HAVE MANY PO9TS ( OV]LAP & DIFF]5CE ?AT W\LD BE FASC9AT+ TO EXPLORE1 BUT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CONCIS5ESS1 ,I'LL LIMIT MYSELF TO ONE1 ! V>I\S WAYS !Y WROTE AB\T ,MESOPOTAMIA4 

,OCALAN1 AS ,I'VE SAID1 EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ,MESOPOTAMIA WAS :]E CIVILIZATION BEGAN4 ,BOOK*9 AGRE$1 NOT+ ?AT WRIT+ BEGAN !RE3 0CUNEI=M WRIT+ 444 HAD ITS ORIG9S 9 ! METICUL\S RECORDS ! TEMPLE CL]KS KEPT ( PRODUCTS RECEIV$ & PRODUCTS ( DISP]S$40 ,LAT] 0!SE TICKS ON CLAY TABLETS0 BECAME 0N>RATIVE =MS ( SCRIPT10 A PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T4.<#a#g.> ,HE AGRE$ ?AT HI]>*Y1 PRIE/HOODS1 & /ATES BEGAN AT ,SUM]1 AL?\< HE ?\<T ANCI5T ,MESOAM]ICAN CIVILIZATIONS UND]W5T A P>ALLEL DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT :AT SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 MO/ COMPELL+ TO HIM WAS ! TRACES ( RESI/ANCE3 9 ,SUM]1 0! E>LIE/ 'CITY-/ATES' W]E MANAG$ BY 'EQUALIT>IAN ASSEMBLIES1' :I* POSSESS$ 'FRE$OM TO AN UNCOMMON DEGREE4'0.<#a#h.> ,AFT] ! RISE ( K+%IP 0!RE IS EVID5CE ( POPUL> REVOLTS1 POSSIBLY TO RE/ORE ! OLD SOCIAL DISP5SATION OR TO DIM9I% ! AU?ORITY ( ! BALA .<K+.>40 ,EV5 0! GOV]N+ 5SI1 OR MILIT>Y OV]LORDS1 W]E REPEAT$LY *ECK$ BY POPUL> ASSEMBLIES40.<#a#i.> 

,& IT FASC9AT$ HIM ?AT IT WAS AT ,SUM] ?AT ! WORD FRE$OM 7AM>GI7 APPE>$ = ! FIR/ TIME 9 RECORD$ HI/ORY3 9 A ,SUM]IAN CUNEI=M TABLET ?AT GIVES AN ACC\NT ( A SUCCESSFUL POPUL> REVOLT AGA9/ A REGAL TYRANNY4.<#b.> 

,OCALAN1 AFT] READ+ ,BOOK*91 NOT$ ! USE ( ! WORD AM>GI1 BUT O!RWISE DIDN'T PICK UP ON ?IS PO9T4 ,BUT HE DID TRACE TRAITS ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY TO ! ,NEOLI?IC3 0MANY *>ACT]I/ICS & TRAITS ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY10 HE SAID1 ESPECIALLY ! 0M9DSET & MAT]IAL BASIS1 444 BE> A RESEMBLANCE TO COMMUNITIES FROM ! ,NEOLI?IC40.<#b#a.> ,EV5 TODAY ,KURDI% SOCIETY BE>S ! COOP]ATIVE FEATURES ( ORGANIC SOCIETY3 0,?R\<\T !IR :OLE HI/ORY ,KURDS HAVE FAVOR$ ,CLAN SY/EMS & TRIBAL CONF$]ATIONS & /RUGGL$ TO RESI/ C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5TS40.<#b#b.> ,!Y >E POT5TIALLY BE>]S ( FRE$OM4 

,AS ,M>XI/S1 ,BOOK*9 & ,OCALAN HAD BO? BE5 TAU<T ?AT ! DIALECTICAL-MAT]IALI/ PROCESSES ( HI/ORY >E 9EXORABLE & FUNCTION LIKE LAWS1 ) 9EVITABLE \TCOMES1 LIKE ! RISE ( ! NATION-/ATE & CAPITALISM4 ,BUT 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 ! EX-,M>XI/ ,BOOK*9 WAS AT PA9S TO DISCR$IT 0SU* NOTIONS ( SOCIAL LAW & TELEOLOGY40 ,NOT ONLY HAD !Y BE5 US$ 0TO A*IEVE A RU?LESS SUBJUGATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO SUPRAHUMAN =CES BEYOND HUMAN CONTROL0--AS 9 ,/AL9ISM2 !Y D5I$ 0! ABILITY ( HUMAN WILL & 9DIVIDUAL *OICE TO %APE ! C\RSE ( SOCIAL EV5TS40.<#b#c.> ,!Y R5D] US CAPTIVE TO A BELIEF 9 0ECONOMIC & TE*NICAL 9EXORABILITY40 ,9 FACT1 HE >GU$1 EV5 ! RISE ( HI]>*Y WAS NOT 9EVITABLE1 & IF WE PUT ASIDE ! IDEA ?AT IT WAS1 WE MAY HAVE 0A VISION ?AT SIGNIFICANTLY ALT]S \R IMAGE ( A LIB]AT$ FUTURE40.<#b#d.> ,?AT IS1 WE LIV$ COMMUNALLY ONCE1 & WE C\LD LIVE COMMUNALLY AGA94 ,! BURI$ MEMORY ( ORGANIC SOCIETY 0FUNCTIONS UNCONSCI\SLY ) AN IMPLICIT COMMITM5T TO FRE$OM40.<#b#e.> ,I ?9K ?AT IS ! UND]LY+1 LIB]ATORY 9SI<T ( ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4 

,READ+ ,OCALAN'S ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,PEOPLE1 ,I S5S$ AN EXHIL>ATION ?AT REM9D$ ME ( H[ ,I FELT :5 ,I FIR/ READ ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM BACK 9 #a#i#h#e--DELI<T$ BY ! 9SI<T ?AT PEOPLE ONCE LIV$ 9 COMMUNAL SOLID>ITY1 & ?AT ! POT5TIAL = IT REMA9S1 & 9SPIR$ BY ! PROSPECT ?AT WE C\LD HAVE IT AGA91 IF WE *OSE TO *ANGE \R SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS4 ,! CONCEPT ( ! 0IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM0 SIMPLY HAS TAK5 NEW NAMES1 LIKE SOCIALISM4 ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM (F]S TO READ]S :AT ,MURRAY US$ TO CALL 0A PR9CIPLE ( HOPE10 & ?AT MU/ HAVE MEANT SOME?+ TO ! IMPRISON$ ,OCALAN4 

0,! VICTORY ( CAPITALISM WAS NOT SIMPLY FATE10 ,OCALAN WROTE 9 #b#d4 0,!RE C\LD HAVE BE5 A DIFF]5T DEVELOPM5T40 ,TO REG>D CAPITALISM & ! NATION-/ATE AS 9EVITABLE 0LEAVES HI/ORY TO ?OSE 9 P[]40 ,RA!R1 0!RE IS ALWAYS ONLY A C]TA9 PROBABILITY = ?+S TO HAPP5 444 !RE IS ALWAYS AN OPTION ( FRE$OM4.<#b#f.> 

,! COMMUNAL ASPECTS ( 0NATURAL SOCIETY0 P]SI/ 9 E?NIC GR\PS1 CLASS MOVEM5TS1 & RELIGI\S & PHILOSOPHICAL GR\PS ?AT /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 0,NATURAL SOCIETY HAS NEV] CEAS$ TO EXI/10 HE WROTE4 ,A DIALECTICAL CONFLICT BETWE5 FRE$OM & DOM9ATION HAS P]SI/$ ?R\<\T WE/]N HI/ORY1 0A CON/ANT BATTLE BETWE5 DEMOCRATIC ELEM5TS :O REF] TO COMMUNAL /RUCTURES & ?OSE :OSE 9/RUM5TS >E P[] & W>40 ,= 0! COMMUNAL SOCIETY IS 9 P]MAN5T CONFLICT ) ! HI]>*IC ONE40.<#b#g.> 

,F9ALLY1 ,OCALAN EMBRAC$ SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 0,! ISSUE ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY BEG9S ) CIVILIZATION10 HE WROTE 9 #b#d1 BECAUSE 0! ROOTS ( CIVILIZATION0 >E :]E WE F9D ALSO 0! BEG9N+S ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T40 ,NATURAL SOCIETY WAS 9 A S5SE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 ,! SAME =CES ?AT DE/ROY SOCIETY FROM )9 ALSO CUT ! MEAN+FUL L9K TO NATURE4 ,CAPITALISM1 HE SAYS1 IS ANTI-ECOLOGICAL1 & WE NE$ A SPECIFICALLY E?ICAL REVOLT AGA9/ IT1 0A CONSCI\S E?IC EF=T10 A 0NEW SOCIAL E?ICS ?AT IS 9 H>MONY ) TRADITIONAL VALUES40 ,! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 IS FUNDAM5TAL4 ,& HE CALL$ = A 0DEMOCRATIC-ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY10 BY :I* HE MEANT 0A MORAL-BAS$ SY/EM ?AT 9VOLVES SU/A9ABLE DIALECTICAL RELATIONS ) NATURE1 444 :]E COMMON WELF>E IS A*IEV$ BY MEANS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY40.<#b#h.> 

,H[ DID IT ALL APPLY TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION8 ,ONCE AGA91 HE EMPHASIZES ?AT A*IEV+ ,KURDI% FRE$OM MEANS A*IEV+ FRE$OM = EV]YONE4 0,ANY SOLUTION WILL HAVE TO 9CLUDE OPTIONS NOT ONLY VALID = ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE BUT = ALL PEOPLE4 ,?AT IS1 ,I AM APPROA*+ !SE PROBLEMS BAS$ ON ONE HUMANISM1 ONE HUMANITY1 ONE NATURE & ONE UNIV]SE40.<#b#i.> ,BUT N[1 9/EAD ( ?R\< ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 IT IS TO BE A*IEV$ ?R\< ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY4 

0,\R FIR/ TASK10 HE WROTE1 0IS TO PU% = DEMOCRATIZATION1 = NON-/ATE /RUCTURES1 & COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION40 ,9/EAD ( FOCUS+ SOLELY ON *ANG+ ! ,TURKI% CON/ITUTION1 HE ADVOCAT$ ?AT ,KURDS CREATE ORGANIZATIONS AT ! LOCAL LEVEL3 LOCAL T[N C\NCILS1 MUNICIPAL ADM9I/RATIONS1 D[N TO URBAN DI/RICTS1 T[N%IPS1 & VILLAGES4 ,!Y %\LD =M NEW LOCAL POLITICAL P>TIES & ECONOMIC COOP]ATIVES1 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS1 & ?OSE ?AT ADDRESS HUMAN RI<TS1 WOM5'S RI<TS1 *ILDR5'S RI<TS1 ANIMAL RI<TS1 & ALL O!R ISSUES TO BE ADDRESS$4 

0,REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS ( MUNICIPAL ADM9I/RATIONS0 >E NE$$1 SO !SE LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS W\LD =M A NETWORK4 ,AT ! TOPMO/ LEVEL1 !Y >E TO BE REPRES5T$ 9 A 0,G5]AL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,PEOPLE10 :I* WILL ADDRESS ISSUES ( 0POLITICS1 SELF-DEF5SE1 LAW1 MORALITY1 ECONOMY1 SCI5CE1 >TS1 & WELF>E BY MEANS ( 9/ITUTIONALIZATION1 RULES & CONTROL ME*ANISMS40 

,GRADUALLY1 AS ! DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS SPREAD1 ALL ( ,TURKEY W\LD UND]GO A DEMOCRATIZATION4 ,!Y W\LD NETWORK ACROSS EXI/+ NATIONAL BORD]S1 TO ACCEL]ATE ! ADV5T ( DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION 9 ! :OLE REGION & PRODUCE NOT ONLY FRE$OM = ! ,KURDS BUT A GEOPOLITICAL & CULTURAL R5EWAL4 ,ULTIMATELY A DEMOCRATIC CONF$]AL UNION W\LD EMBRACE ! :OLE ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 ,HE NAM$ ?IS ,KURDI% V]SION ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM 0DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM40 

,9 ,M>* #b#e1 ,OCALAN ISSU$ A ,DECL>ATION ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,IT CALL$ = 0A GRASS-ROOTS DEMOCRACY 444 BAS$ ON ! DEMOCRATIC COMMUNAL /RUCTURE ( NATURAL SOCIETY40 ,IT 0WILL E/ABLI% VILLAGE1 T[NS & CITY ASSEMBLIES & !IR DELEGATES WILL BE 5TRU/$ ) ! REAL DECISION-MAK+1 :I* 9 EFFECT MEANS ?AT ! PEOPLE & ! COMMUNITY WILL DECIDE40 ,OCALAN'S DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM PRES]VES HIS BRILLIANT MOVE ( L9K+ ! LIB]ATION ( ,KURDS TO ! LIB]ATION ( HUMANITY4 ,IT AFFIRMS 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS & FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION = EV]YONE1 REG>DLESS ( RELIGI\S1 E?NIC1 & CLASS DIFF]5CES4 ,IT 0PROMOTES AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL ( SOCIETY0 & SUPPORTS WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 ,HE URG$ ?IS PROGRAM UPON HIS PEOPLE3 0,I AM CALL+ UPON ALL SECTORS ( SOCIETY1 9 P>TICUL> ALL WOM5 & ! Y\?1 TO SET UP !IR [N DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS & TO GOV]N !MSELVES40 ,:5 ,I VISIT$ ,DIY>BAKIR 9 ! FALL ( #b#a#a1 ,I DISCOV]$ ?AT ,KURDS 9 S\!A/]N ,ANATOLIA W]E 9DE$ PUTT+ ?IS PROGRAM 9TO PRACTICE4.<#c.> 

,BY #b#d-#e1 !N1 ,OCALAN HAD EI!R GIV5 UP ON OR %IFT$ FOCUS FROM HIS EF=T TO P]SUADE ! /ATE TO RE=M ITSELF BY DEMOCRATIZ+ FROM ! TOP D[N4 0,! IDEA ( A DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! /ATE10 HE WROTE 9 #b#e1 0IS \T ( PLACE40 ,HE HAD CONCLUD$ ?AT ! /ATE WAS A ME*ANISM ( OPPRESSION--0! ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( ! RUL+ CLASS0 & AS SU* 0ONE ( ! MO/ DANG]\S PH5OM5A 9 HI/ORY40 ,IT IS TOXIC TO ! DEMOCRATIC PROJECT1 A 0DISEASE10 & :ILE IT IS >\ND1 0WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO CREATE A DEMOCRATIC SY/EM40 ,SO ,KURDS & !IR SYMPA?IZ]S 0MU/ NEV] FOCUS \R EF=TS ON ! /ATE0 OR ON BECOM+ A /ATE1 BECAUSE ?AT W\LD MEAN LOS+ ! DEMOCRACY1 & PLAY+ 09TO ! H&S ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM40.<#c#a.> 

,?AT SEEMS PRETTY UNEQUIVOCAL1 & C]TA9LY 9 ACCORD ) ,BOOK*9'S REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 ,BOOK*9 POSIT$ ?AT ONCE CITIZ5'S ASSEMBLIES W]E CREAT$ & CONF$]AT$1 !Y W\LD BECOME A DUAL P[] ?AT C\LD BE PITT$ AGA9/ ! NATION-/ATE--& W\LD OV]?R[ & REPLACE IT4 ,HE EMPHASIZ$ REPEAT$LY ! CONCEPT ( DUAL P[]1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 CR$IT+ IT TO ,TROTSKY1 :O WROTE1 9 HIS ,HI/ORY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ?AT AFT] ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#g1 :5 V>I\S PROVISIONAL LIB]AL GOV]NM5TS W]E 9 *>GE ( ! /ATE1 ! ,PETROGRAD SOVIET ( WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' DEPUTIES BECAME A DUAL P[] AGA9/ ?OSE GOV]NM5TS2 IT LAT] BECAME A DRIV] ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! COMMUNALI/ CONF$]ATION W\LD A C\NT]P[]1 A DUAL P[]1 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 

,BUT ,OCALAN1 9 ! SAME #bd WORK 7,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,PEOPLE71 ALSO S5DS A CONTRADICTORY MESSAGE AB\T ! /ATE3 0,IT IS NOT TRUE1 9 MY OP9ION1 ?AT ! /ATE NE$S TO BE BROK5 UP & REPLAC$ BY SOME?+ ELSE40 ,IT IS 0ILLUSION>Y TO REA* = DEMOCRACY BY CRU%+ ! /ATE40 ,RA!R1 ! /ATE CAN & MU/ BECOME SMALL]1 MORE LIMIT$ 9 SCOPE4 ,SOME ( ITS FUNCTIONS >E NECESS>Y3 = EXAMPLE1 PUBLIC SECURITY1 SOCIAL SECURITY & NATIONAL DEF5SE4 ,! CONF$]AL DEMOCRACY'S CONGRESSES %\LD SOLVE PROBLEMS 0?AT ! /ATE CANNOT SOLVE S+LE-H&$LY40 ,A LIMIT$ /ATE CAN COEXI/ ) ! DEMOCRACY 09 P>ALLEL40.<#c#b.> 

,?IS CONTRADICTION SEEMS TO HAVE B$EVIL$ ,OCALAN HIMSELF1 :O ADMITS 9 SEEM+ EXASP]ATION1 0,! /ATE REMA9S A ,JANUS-FAC$ PH5OM5ON40 ,I S5SE ?AT ! ISSUE REMA9S AMBIGU\S = HIM1 & UND]/&ABLY SO4 ,9SI<TFULLY1 HE OBS]VES ?AT 0\R PRES5T TIME IS AN ]A ( TRANSITION FROM /ATE TO DEMOCRACY4 ,9 TIMES ( TRANSITION1 ! OLD & ! NEW (T5 EXI/ SIDE BY SIDE40.<#c#c.> 

,BOOK*9'S COMMUNALI/ MOVEM5T NEV] GOT AS F>1 9 PRACTICAL T]MS1 AS ,OCALAN'S HAS1 BUT IF IT HAD1 HE W\LD SURELY HAVE FAC$ ! SAME PROBLEM4 ,! CONCEPT ( A TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM1 :I* ,BOOK*9 9VOK$ 9 SU* OCCASIONS1 MAY BE USEFUL H]E4 ,HE US$ TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! M9IMUM PROGRAM 7RE=MS ON SPECIFIC ISSUES71 ! TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM 7LIKE ,OCALAN'S71 & ! MAXIMUM PROGRAM 7SOCIALISM1 A /ATELESS ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY74 ,?AT DI/9CTION HAS A REVOLUTION>Y P$IGREE--,MURRAY US$ TO CR$IT IT TO ,TROTSKY4 ,IT'S A WAY TO RETA9 A COMMITM5T TO Y\R LONG-T]M GOALS & PR9CIPLES :ILE DEAL+ 9 ! REAL1 NONREVOLUTION>Y WORLD4 

,9 ,MAY #bd ,BOOK*9 CONVEY$ TO ,OCALAN ! MESSAGE3 0,MY HOPE IS ?AT ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE WILL ONE DAY BE ABLE TO E/ABLI% A FREE1 RATIONAL SOCIETY ?AT WILL ALL[ !IR BRILLIANCE ONCE AGA9 TO FL\RI%4 ,!Y >E =TUNATE 9DE$ TO HAVE A LEAD] ( ,MR4 ,OCALAN'S TAL5TS TO GUIDE !M40.<#c#d.> ,WE LAT] LE>N$ ?AT ?IS MESSAGE WAS READ AL\D AT ! ,SECOND ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,KURDI/AN ,PEOPLE'S ,CONGRESS1 9 ! M\NTA9S1 9 ! SUMM] ( #b#d4 

,:5 ,BOOK*9 DI$ 9 ,JULY #b#f1 ! ,P,K,K ASSEMBLY SALUT$ 0ONE ( ! GREATE/ SOCIAL SCI5TI/S ( ! #b? C5TURY40 ,HE 09TRODUC$ US TO ! ?\<T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY0 & 0HELP$ TO DEVELOP SOCIALI/ !ORY 9 ORD] = IT TO ADVANCE ON A FIRM] BASIS40 ,HE %[$ H[ TO MAKE A NEW DEMOCRATIC SY/EM 9TO A REALITY4 0,HE HAS PROPOS$ ! CONCEPT ( CONF$]ALISM10 A MODEL :I* WE BELIEVE IS CREATIVE & REALIZABLE40 ,! ASSEMBLY CONT9U$3 ,BOOK*9'S 0!SIS ON ! /ATE1 P[]1 & HI]>*Y WILL BE IMPLEM5T$ & REALIZ$ ?R\< \R /RUGGLE 444 ,WE WILL PUT ?IS PROMISE 9TO PRACTICE ?IS AS ! FIR/ SOCIETY ?AT E/ABLI%ES A TANGIBLE DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM40 

,NO TRIBUTE C\LD HAVE MADE HIM HAPPI]2 ,I ONLY WI% HE C\LD HAVE HE>D IT4 ,P]HAPS HE W\LD HAVE SALUT$ !M BACK ) ?AT FIR/ RECORD$ WORD = FRE$OM1 FROM ,SUM]3 0,AM>GI60 

,LI/5 TO ! SPEE* H]E3 S\NDCL\D4COM 

.<#a.> ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 ,DECL>ATION ON ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION1 #a#i#i#i1 TRANS4 ,KURDI/AN ,9=MATION ,C5T] 7,LONDON3 ,MESPOTAMIAN ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#i#i72 H]EAFT] ,DEF5SE2 P4 #a#f4 

.<#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #d#d4 

.<#c.> ,IBID41 P4 #e#e4 

.<#d.> ,IBID41 P4 #h#i-#i4 

.<#e.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#d4 

.<#f.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM3 ,! ,RISE & ,DISSOLUTION ( ,HI]>*Y 7,PALO ,ALTO1 ,CALIPH43 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b72 & ,! ,RISE ( ,URBANIZATION & ! ,DECL9E ( ,CITIZ5%IP .<LAT] RETITL$ ,URBANIZATION ,AGA9/ ,CITIES.> 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,SI]RA ,CLUB1 #a#i#h#f74 

.<#g.> ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 ,PRISON ,WRIT+S3 ,! ,ROOTS ( ,CIVILIZATION1 TRANS4 ,KLAUS ,HAPPEL 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #b#g72 & ,PRISON ,WRIT+S3 ,! ,P,K,K & ! ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY1 TRANS4 ,KLAUS ,HAPPEL 7,LONDON3 ,TRANSM$IA1 #b#a#a74 ,NEI!R ,BOOK*9 NOR ,OCALAN WAS AN >*AEOLOGI/ OR AN?ROPOLOGI/2 RA!R1 9 !IR ACC\NTS ( PREHI/ORY & E>LY HI/ORY1 !Y USE SU* PR(ESSIONALS' PUBLI%$ F9D+S4 

.<#h.> ,BOOK*91 ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 *AP4 #b4 

.<#i.> ,IBID41 PP4 #d#f1 #d#c4 

.<#a.> ,IBID41 ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 *AP4 #c4 

.<#a#a.> ,OCALAN1 ,ROOTS1 P4 #f4 

.<#a#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #e#c1 #b#e1 #i#h4 

.<#a#c.> ,OCALAN1 ,P,K,K & ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION1 P4 #if 

.<#a#d.> ,UNLIKE ,OCALAN1 ,BOOK*9 *OSE NOT TO USE ! T]MS !SIS1 ANTI!SIS1 & SYN!SIS1 CONSID]+ !M AN OV]SIMPLIFICATION ( ,HEGEL'S TRIAD AN SI*1 FUR SI*1 & AN UND FUR SI*4 

.<#a#e.> ,SO ,I WAS TOLD BY ! 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ,OCALAN'S LAWY]S & ,BOOK*91 :O WI%ES TO REMA9 ANONYM\S H]E4 

.<#a#f.> ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,PEOPLE 7UNPUBLI%$71 *AP4 #a4#b1 0,! ,NATURAL ,SOCIETY10 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION MANUSCRIPT C\RTESY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE ,FRE$OM = ,OCALAN1 ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,?IS BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,G]MAN AS ,J5SEITS VON ,/AAT1 ,MA*T1 UND ,GEWALT 7,NEUSS3 ,MESOPOTAMI5 ,V]LAG1 #b#a74 

.<#a#g.> ,BOOK*91 ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 P4 #a#d#d4 

.<#a#h.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#b#i4 ,HE IS DRAW+ ON ! WORK ( ,H5RI ,FRANK=T & ,SAMUEL ,NOAH ,KRAM]4 

.<#a#i.> ,IBID41 P4 #i#e4 

.<#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#f#h4 

.<#b#a.> ,OCALAN1 ,P,K,K & ,KURDI% ,QUE/ION1 P4 #bb 

.<#b#b.> ,OCALAN1 0,! ,DECL>ATION ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ALISM10 ,FEBRU>Y #d1 #b#e1 ONL9E AT WWW4KURDM$IA4COM4 

.<#b#c.> ,BOOK*91 ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 PP4 #b#c-#b#d4 

.<#b#d.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#g4 

.<#b#e.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#d#c4 

.<#b#f.> ,OCALAN1 ,DEF5SE ( ,PEOPLE1 P4 #d#a4 

.<#b#g.> ,IBID41 PP4 #e#a1 #f#e1 #f4 

.<#b#h.> ,IBID41 *AP4 ,I,I,I4#d4 

.<#b#i.> ,IBID41 P4 #e#b4 

.<#c.> 0,KURDI% ,COMMUNALISM10 9T]VIEW ) ,]CAN ,AYBOGA BY AU?OR1 ,NEW ,COMPASS 7,SEPT4 #b#a#a71 NEW-COMPASS4NET4 

.<#c#a.> ,OCALAN1 ,DEF5SE ( ,PEOPLE1 PP4 #a#g#g1 #b#d1 #a#d1 #a#g#g4 

.<#c#b.> ,IBID41 PP4 #b#d1 #a#f1 #a#a#a1 #a#f1 

.<#c#c.> ,IBID41 PP4 #b#g1 #a#g#h4 

.<#c#d.> ,COPY 9 AU?OR'S POSSESSION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #b1 #bb 3 ,BOOK*91 ,OCALAN1 & ! ,DIALECTICS ( ,DEMOCRACY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,BOOK*91 ,OCALAN1 & ! ,DIALECTICS ( ,DEMOCRACY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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