,BOL%EVISM & ,/AL9ISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,>*IVE2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2  
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,AUGU/ #b#e4 

,FUR!R CORRECT$ BY ,JONAS ,HOLMGR51 ,JULY #b#i4 

,! FOLL[+ IS AN ABRIDG$ $ITION ( ,MATTICK'S REVIEW1 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,POLITICS1 ,VOL4 #d1 ,NO4 #b1 ,M>_/,APR #a#i#d#g4 ,! FULL V]SION IS AVAILABLE 9 ,P,D,F =MAT4 

,! ALLEG$ PURPOSE ( ,TROTSKY'S BIOGRAPHY ( ,/AL9.<#a.> IS TO %[ 0H[ A P]SONALITY 
( ?IS SORT WAS =M$1 & H[ IT CAME TO P[] BY USURPATION ( ! RI<T TO 
SU* AN EXCEPTIONAL ROLE40 ,! REAL PURPOSE ( ! BOOK1 H[EV]1 IS TO 
%[ :Y ,TROTSKY LO/ ! P[] POSITION HE TEMPOR>ILY OCCUPI$ & :Y HIS 
RA!R ?AN ,/AL9'S NAME %\LD FOLL[ ,L59'S4 ,PRIOR TO 
,L59'S DEA? IT HAD ALWAYS BE5 ',L59 & 
,TROTSKY'2 ,/AL9'S NAME HAD 9V>IABLY BE5 NE> OR AT ! 5D ( 
ANY LI/ ( PROM95T ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,ON ONE OCCASION ,L59 EV5 SUGGE/$ ?AT HE 
PUT HIS [N SIGNATURE SECOND TO ,TROTSKY'S4 ,9 BRIEF1 ! BOOK HELPS TO 
EXPLA9 :Y ,TROTSKY WAS ( ! OP9ION 0?AT HE WAS ! NATURAL SUCCESSOR 
TO ,L590 & 9 EFFECT IS A BIOGRAPHY ( BO? ,/AL9 & ,TROTSKY4 

,ALL BEG9N+S >E SMALL1 ( C\RSE1 & ! ,BOL%EVISM ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY 
DIFF]S FROM PRES5T-DAY ,/AL9ISM JU/ AS ,HITL]'S BR[N T]ROR ( #aicc 
DIFF]$ FROM ! ,NAZISM ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,?AT !RE IS NO?+ 9 ! >S5AL 
( ,/AL9ISM ?AT CANNOT ALSO BE F\ND 9 ?AT ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY IS ATTE/$ 
TO BY ! E>LI] WRIT+S ( ,TROTSKY HIMSELF4.<#b.> ,= EXAMPLE ,TROTSKY1 LIKE ,/AL91 9TRODUC$ 
COMPULSORY LABOR S]VICE AS A 'SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLE'4 ,HE1 
TOO1 WAS CONV9C$ 0?AT NOT ONE S]I\S SOCIALI/ WILL BEG9 TO D5Y TO 
! ,LABOR ,/ATE ! RI<T TO LAY ITS H&S UPON ! WORK] :O REFUSES TO 
EXECUTE HIS LABOR P[]40 ,IT WAS ,TROTSKY :O HURRI$ TO /RESS ! 
'SOCIALI/IC *>ACT]' ( 9EQUALITY1 =1 AS HE SAID1 
0?OSE WORK]S :O DO MORE = ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ?AN O!RS RECEIVE 
! RI<T TO A GREAT] QUANTITY ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT ?AN ! LAZY1 ! 
C>ELESS1 & ! DISORGANIZ]S40 ,IT WAS HIS OP9ION ?AT EV]Y?+ MU/ 
BE DONE TO 0ASSI/ ! DEVELOPM5T ( RIVALRY 9 ! SPH]E ( 
PRODUCTION40 

,( C\RSE1 ALL ?IS WAS CONCEIV$ AS ! 'SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLE' 
( ! 'TRANS=MATION P]IOD'4 ,IT WAS DICTAT$ BY OBJECTIVE 
DIFFICULTIES 9 ! WAY ( FULL SOCIALIZATION4 ,!RE WAS NOT ! DESIRE BUT ! 
NE$ TO /R5G!N P>TY DICTATOR%IP UNTIL IT L$ TO ! ABOLI%M5T ( EV5 
?OSE FRE$OMS ( ACTIVITY :I*1 9 ONE FA%ION OR ANO!R1 HAD BE5 GRANT$ 
BY ! B\RGEOIS /ATE4 ,H[EV]1 ,/AL91 TOO1 CAN (F] ! EXCUSE ( 
NECESSITY4 

,9 ORD] TO F9D O!R >GUM5TS AGA9/ ,/AL9ISM ?AN HIS P]SONAL DISLIKE 
= A COMPETITOR 9 9TRA-P>TY /RUGGLES1 ,TROTSKY MU/ DISCOV] & CON/RUCT 
POLITICAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HIMSELF & ,/AL91 & BETWE5 ,/AL9 & ,L59 
9 ORD] TO SUPPORT HIS ASS]TION ?AT )\T ,/AL9 ?+S W\LD HAVE BE5 
DIFF]5T 9 ,RUSSIA & ELSE:]E4 

,!RE C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ANY '!ORETIC' DIFF]5CES BETWE5 
,L59 & ,/AL91 AS ! ONLY !ORETICAL WORK BE>+ ! NAME ( ! LATT] 
HAD BE5 9SPIR$ & SUP]VIS$ BY ,L594 ,& IF ,/AL9'S 'NATURE 
CRAV$' ! C5TRALIZ$ P>TY MA*9E1 IT WAS ,L59 :O CON/RUCT$ ! 
P]FECT MA*9E = HIM1 SO ?AT ON ?AT SCORE1 TOO1 NO DIFF]5CES C\LD 
>ISE4 ,9 FACT1 AS LONG AS ,L59 WAS ACTIVE1 ,/AL9 WAS NO TR\BLE TO HIM1 
H[EV] TR\BLESOME HE MAY HAVE BE5 TO ',! ,NUMB] ,TWO 
,BOL%EVIK'4 

,/ILL1 9 ORD] = ,TROTSKY TO EXPLA9 ! ',SOVIET ,!RMIDOR'1 
!RE MU/ BE A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,L59ISM & ,/AL9ISM1 PROVID$1 ( C\RSE1 
!RE WAS SU* A ,!RMIDOR4 ,ON ?IS PO9T1 ,TROTSKY HAS BR\<T =? V>I\S 
IDEAS AS TO :5 IT TOOK PLACE1 BUT 9 HIS ,/AL9 BIOGRAPHY HE IGNORES ! 
QUE/ION ( TIME 9 FAVOR ( ! SIMPLE /ATEM5T ?AT IT HAD SOME?+ TO DO 
) ! 09CREAS+ PRIVILEGES = ! BUREAUCRACY04 ,H[EV]1 ?IS 
ONLY BR+S US BACK TO ! E>LY P]IOD ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP :I* 
F\ND ,L59 & ,TROTSKY 5GAG$ 9 CREAT+ ! /ATE BUREAUCRACY & 
9CREAS+ ITS EFFICI5CY BY 9CREAS+ ITS PRIVILEGES4 

,COMPETITORS = ,P[] 

,! FACT ?AT ! REL5TLESS /RUGGLE = POSITION CAME 9TO ! OP5 ONLY 
AFT] ,L59'S DEA? SUGGE/S SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! ,SOVIET ,!RMIDOR4 
,IT SIMPLY 9DICATES ?AT BY ?AT TIME ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE WAS ( SUFFICI5T 
/R5G?1 OR WAS 9 A POSITION1 TO DISREG>D TO A C]TA9 DEGREE BO? ! 
,RUSSIAN MASSES & ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,! DEVELOP+ BUREAUCRACY 
BEGAN TO FEEL SURE ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS !IRS = KEEPS2 ! FI<T = ! PLUMS ( 
! ,REVOLUTION 5T]$ ITS MORE G5]AL & MORE S]I\S /AGE4 

,ALL ADV]S>IES 9 ?IS /RUGGLE /RESS$ ! NE$ ( DICTATOR%IP 9 VIEW 
( ! UNSOLV$ 9T]NAL FRICTIONS BETWE5 'WORK]S' & 
'PEASANTS'1 ! ECONOMIC & TE*NOLOGICAL BACKW>DNESS ( ! 
C\NTRY AS A :OLE1 & ! CON/ANT DANG] ( ATTACK FROM ! \TSIDE4 ,BUT 
)9 ?IS SETT+ ( DICTATOR%IP1 ALL SORTS ( >GUM5TS C\LD BE 
RAIS$4 ,! P[]-/RUGGLE )9 ! DEVELOP+ RUL+ CLASS EXPRESS$ ITSELF 
9 POLICY-PROPOSALS EI!R = OR AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEASANTS1 EI!R 
= OR AGA9/ ! LIMITATION ( FACTORY C\NCILS1 EI!R = OR AGA9/ AN 
(F5SIVE POLICY ON ! 9T]NATIONAL FRONT4 ,HI<-S\ND+ !ORIES W]E 
EXP\ND$ ) REG>D TO ! E/IMATION ( ! PEASANTRY1 ! RELATION%IP 
BETWE5 BUREAUCRACY & REVOLUTION1 ! QUE/ION ( P>TY G5]ATIONS1 ETC4 & 
REA*$ !IR CLIMAX 9 ! ,TROTSKY-,/AL9 CONTROV]SY ON ! ',P]MAN5T 
,REVOLUTION' & ! !ORY ( ',SOCIALISM 9 ONE ,C\NTRY'4 

,IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT ! DEBAT]S BELIEV$ !IR [N PHRASES2 YET1 
DESPITE !IR !ORETICAL DIFF]5TIATIONS1 :5EV] !Y ACT$ UPON A REAL 
SITUATION !Y ALL ACT$ ALIKE3 ,9 ORD] TO SUIT !IR [N NE$S1 !Y 
NATURALLY EXPRESS$ ID5TICAL ?+S 9 DIFF]5T T]MS4 ,IF ,TROTSKY RU%ES TO 
! FRONT - TO ALL FRONTS 9 FACT - HE M]ELY DEF5DS ! FA!RL&4 ,BUT 
,/AL9 0IS ATTRACT$ BY ! FRONT1 BECAUSE H]E = ! FIR/ TIME HE 
C\LD WORK ) ! MO/ F9I%$ ( ALL ! ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9ES1 ! 
MILIT>Y MA*9E0 = :I*1 BY ! WAY1 ,TROTSKY CLAIMS ALL CR$IT4 ,IF 
,TROTSKY PLEADS = DISCIPL9E1 HE %[S HIS 'IRON H&'2 IF ,/AL9 
DOES ! SAME1 HE DEALS ) A 'HEAVY H&'4 

,IF ,TROTSKY'S BLOODY SUPPRESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,REBELLION WAS A 
'TRAGIC NECESSITY' ,/AL9'S SUPPRESSION ( ! ,GEORGIAN 
9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T IS 9 ! MANN] ( A 0GREAT-,RUSSIAN ,RUSSIFI]1 
RID+ R\<%OD OV] ! RI<TS ( HIS [N PEOPLE AS A NATION04 ,& 
VICE V]SA3 SUGGE/IONS MADE BY ,TROTSKY >E CALL$ FALSE & 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y BY ,/AL9'S H5*M52 :5 C>RI$ \T UND] 
,/AL9'S AUSPICES1 !Y BECOME ADDITIONAL PRO( ( ! GREAT 
LEAD]'S WISDOM4 

,TO UND]/& ,BOL%EVISM1 & 9 A N>R[] S5SE ,/AL9ISM1 IT IS NOT 
5\< TO FOLL[ ! SUP]FICIAL & (T5 SILLY CONTROV]SIES BETWE5 
,/AL9I/S & ,TROTSKYITES4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION EMBRACES MORE 
?AN JU/ ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,IT WAS NOT EV5 9ITIAT$ BY ORGANIZ$ POLITICAL 
GR\PS BUT BY SPONTANE\S REACTIONS ( ! MASSES TO ! BREAKD[N ( AN 
ALREADY PREC>I\S ECONOMIC SY/EM 9 ! WAKE ( MILIT>Y DEFEAT4 ,! ,FEBRU>Y 
UPHEAVALS '/>T$' ) HUNG] RIOTS 9 M>KET PLACES1 PROTE/ 
/RIKES 9 FACTORIES1 & ! SPONTANE\S DECL>ATION ( SOLID>ITY ) ! 
RIOT]S ON ! P>T ( ! SOLDI]S4 ,BUT ALL SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS 9 MOD]N 
HI/ORY HAVE BE5 ACCOMPANI$ BY ORGANIZ$ =CES4 ,AS SOON AS ! COLLAPSE ( 
,CZ>ISM WAS IMM95T1 ORGANIZATIONS CAME TO ! =E ) DIRECTIVES & 
DEF9ITE POLITICAL GOALS4 

,IF PRIOR TO ! ,REVOLUTION ,L59 HAD /RESS$ ORGANIZATION RA!R ?AN 
SPONTANEITY1 IT WAS BECAUSE ( ! RET>D$ ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS1 :I* GAVE ! 
SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS A BACKW>D *>ACT]4 ,EV5 ! POLITICALLY ADVANC$ 
GR\PS (F]$ ONLY LIMIT$ PROGRAMS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S DESIR$ 
CAPITALI/IC RE=MS SIMIL> TO ?OSE 5JOY$ BY ! WORK]S 9 MORE 
CAPITALI/ICALLY ADVANC$ C\NTRIES4 ,! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE & IMPORTANT LAY]S 
( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS WANT$ A ,WE/]N B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,! PEASANTS 
DESIR$ L& 9 A CAPITALI/ AGRICULTURE4 ,?\< PROGRESSIVE = ,CZ>I/ 
,RUSSIA1 !SE DEM&S W]E ( ! ESS5CE ( B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION4 

,! NEW LIB]ALI/IC ,FEBRU>Y GOV]NM5T ATTEMPT$ TO CONT9UE ! W>4 ,BUT 
IT WAS ! CONDITIONS ( W> AGA9/ :I* ! MASSES W]E REBELL+4 ,ALL 
PROMIS$ RE=MS )9 ! ,RUSSIAN SETT+ ( ?AT TIME & )9 ! 
EXI/+ IMP]IALI/IC P[] RELATION%IPS W]E DOOM$ TO REMA9 EMPTY PHRASES2 
!RE WAS NO WAY ( DIRECT+ ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS 9TO ?OSE *ANNELS 
DESIR$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 NEW UPSURGES ! ,BOL%EVIKS CAME 9TO P[] NOT 
BY WAY ( A SECOND REVOLUTION BUT BY A =C$ *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T4 
,?IS SEIZURE ( P[] WAS MADE EASY BY ! LACK ( 9T]E/ ?AT ! RE/LESS 
MASSES W]E %[+ 9 ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,OCTOB] C\P1 AS 
,L59 SAID1 0WAS EASI] ?AN LIFT+ A FEA!R40 ,! F9AL VICTORY 
WAS 0PRACTICALLY A*IEV$ BY DEFAULT 444 ,NOT A S+LE REGIM5T ROSE TO 
DEF5D ,RUSSIAN DEMOCRACY 444 ,! /RUGGLE = SUPREME P[] OV] AN EMPIRE 
?AT COMPRIS$ ONE-SIX? ( ! T]RE/RIAL GLOBE WAS DECID$ BETWE5 AMAZ+LY 
SMALL =CES ON BO? SIDES 9 ! PROV9CES AS WELL AS 9 ! TWO CAPITAL 
CITIES40 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT TRY TO RE/ORE ! OLD CONDITIONS 9 ORD] TO RE=M 
!M1 BUT DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ! CONCRETE RESULTS ( ! 
CONCEPTUALLY BACKW>D SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS3 ! 5D+ ( ! W>1 ! 
WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY1 ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES & 
! DIVISION ( L&4 ,& SO !Y /AY$ 9 P[]4 

,! PRE-REVOLUTION>Y DEM&S ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES HAD BE5 BACKW>D = 
TWO REASONS3 !Y HAD LONG BE5 REALIZ$ 9 ! MA9 CAPITALI/ NATIONS1 & 
!Y C\LD NO LONG] BE REALIZ$ 9 VIEW ( EXI/+ WORLD CONDITIONS4 ,AT A 
TIME :5 ! CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION PROCESS ( WORLD CAPITALISM HAD 
BR\<T AB\T ! DECL9E ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY ALMO/ EV]Y:]E1 IT WAS NO 
LONG] POSSIBLE TO 9ITIATE IT AFRE% 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IF LAISSEZ FAIRE 
DEMOCRACY WAS \T ( ! QUE/ION1 SO W]E ALL ?OSE RE=MS 9 CAPITAL-LABOR 
RELATIONS USUALLY RELAT$ TO SOCIAL LEGISLATION & TRADE-UNIONISM4 ,CAPITALI/ 
AGRICULTURE1 TOO1 HAD PASS$ BEYOND ! BREAK+ UP ( FEUDAL E/ATES & 
PRODUCTION = A CAPITALI/ M>KET TO ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE & 
ITS CONSEQU5T 9CORPORATION 9TO ! CONC5TRATION PROCESS ( CAPITAL4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,MASS ,SPONTANEITY 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT CLAIM RESPONSIBILITY = ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y GAVE 
FULL CR$IT TO ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y UND]L9$ ! 
OBVI\S FACT ?AT ,RUSSIA'S PREVI\S HI/ORY1 :I* 9CLUD$ ! ,BOL%EVIK 
,P>TY1 HAD L5T SOME K9D ( VAGUE REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS TO ! 
UNORGANIZ$ MASSES & !Y W]E NOT BACKW>D AB\T ASS]T+ ?AT )\T 
!IR LEAD]%IP ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T & 
MO/ PROBABLY W\LD HAVE L$ TO A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 0,HAD ! 
,BOL%EVIKS NOT SEIZ$ P[]10 WRITES ,TROTSKY1 0! WORLD W\LD HAVE 
HAD A ,RUSSIAN NAME = ,FASCISM FIVE YE>S BE=E ! ,M>* ( ,ROME40 

,BUT C\NT]-REVOLUTION ATTEMPTS ON ! P>T ( ! TRADITIONAL P[]S FAIL$ 
NOT BECAUSE ( ANY CONSCI\S DIRECTION ( ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS1 NOT 
BECAUSE ( ,L59'S 0%>P EYES1 :I* SURVEY$ ! SITUATION 
CORRECTLY10 BUT BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT !SE MOVEM5TS C\LD NOT BE 
DIV]T$ FROM !IR [N C\RSE4 ,IF ONE WANTS TO USE ! T]M AT ALL1 
! 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION' POSSIBLE 9 ! ,RUSSIA ( #aiag WAS ?AT 
9H]5T 9 ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 9 ! OPPORTUNITY IT (F]$ ! 
,BOL%EVIKS TO RE/ORE A C5TRALLY-DIRECT$ SOCIAL ORD] = ! P]PETUATION ( 
! CAPITALI/IC DIVORCE ( ! WORK]S FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! 
CONSEQU5T RE/ORATION ( ,RUSSIA AS A COMPET+ IMP]IALI/ P[]4 

,DUR+ ! REVOLUTION1 ! 9T]E/S ( ! REBELL+ MASSES & ( ! 
,BOL%EVIKS M]G$ TO A REM>KABLE DEGREE4 ,BEYOND ! TEMPOR>Y M]G]1 !RE 
ALSO EXI/$ A DEEP UNITY BETWE5 ! SOCIALIZ+ CONCEPTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 
& ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5TS4 ,TOO 
'BACKW>D' = SOCIALISM BUT ALSO TOO 'ADVANC$' = 
LIB]AL CAPITALISM1 ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD 5D ONLY 9 ?AT CONSI/5T =M ( 
CAPITALISM :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS CONSID]$ A PRE-CONDITION ( SOCIALISM1 
NAMELY1 ,/ATE-CAPITALISM4 

,BY ID5TIFY+ !MSELVES ) ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T !Y C\LD NOT 
CONTROL1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS GA9$ CONTROL OV] ?IS MOVEM5T AS SOON AS IT HAD 
SP5T ITSELF 9 ! REALIZATION ( ITS IMM$IATE GOALS4 ,!RE W]E MANY SU* 
GOALS DIFF]5TLY REA*$ 9 DIFF]5T T]RITORIES4 ,V>I\S LAY]S ( ! 
PEASANTRY SATISFI$1 OR FAIL$ TO SATISFY1 DIV]G5T NE$S & DESIRES4 ,!IR 
9T]E/S1 H[EV]1 HAD NO REAL CONNECTION ) ?OSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! 
WORK+ CLASS ITSELF WAS SPLIT 9TO V>I\S GR\PS ) A V>IETY ( SPECIFIC 
NE$S & G5]AL PLANS4 ,! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE HAD /ILL O!R PROBLEMS TO 
SOLVE4 ,9 BRIEF1 !RE WAS A SPONTANE\S UNITY AGA9/ ! CONDITIONS ( 
,CZ>ISM & W>1 BUT !RE WAS NO UNITY 9 REG>D TO IMM$IATE GOALS & FUTURE 
POLICY4 ,IT WAS NOT TOO DIFFICULT = ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO UTILIZE ?IS SOCIAL 
DIVISION = BUILD+ UP !IR [N P[]1 :I* F9ALLY BECAME /RONG] ?AN 
! :OLE ( SOCIETY BECAUSE IT NEV] FAC$ SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 

,LIKE ! O!R GR\PS :I* ASS]T$ !MSELVES )9 ! REVOLUTION1 ! 
,BOL%EVIKS1 TOO1 PRESS$ TO GA9 !IR P>TICUL> 5D3 ! CONTROL ( 
GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS GOAL REA*$ F>!R ?AN ?OSE ASPIR$ TO BY ! O!RS4 ,IT 
9VOLV$ A NEV]-5D+ /RUGGLE1 A CONT9U\S W9N+ & RE-W9N+ ( P[] 
POSITIONS4 ,PEASANT GR\PS SETTL$ D[N AFT] DIVID+ ! L&1 WORK]S 
RETURN$ TO ! FACTORIES AS WAGE LABOR]S1 SOLDI]S1 UNABLE TO ROAM ! 
C\NTRYSIDES =EV]1 RETURN$ TO ! LIFE ( PEASANT & WORK]1 BUT = ! 
,BOL%EVIKS ! /RUGGLE ONLY REALLY BEGAN ) ! SUCCESS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 
,LIKE ALL GOV]NM5TS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME 9VOLVES SUBMISSION ( ALL EXI/+ 
SOCIAL LAY]S TO ITS AU?ORITY4 ,SL[LY C5TRALIZ+ ALL P[] & CONTROL 9TO 
!IR H&S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E SOON ABLE TO DICTATE POLICY4 ,ONCE MORE ,RUSSIA 
BECAME ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A SPECIAL CLASS - ! CLASS ( 
PRIVILEGE 9 ! EM]G+ SY/EM ( ,/ATE-CAPITALISM4 

,! ,P>TY ',MA*9E' 

,ALL ?IS HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ,/AL9ISM & ',!RMIDOR' BUT 
REPRES5TS ,L59'S & ,TROTSKY'S POLICY FROM ! V]Y DAY !Y CAME 
TO P[]4 ,REPORT+ TO ! ,SIX? ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS 9 #a#i#a#h1 ,TROTSKY 
COMPLA9$ ?AT 0,NOT ALL ,SOVIET WORK]S HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT \R 
ADM9I/RATION HAS BE5 C5TRALIZ$ & ?AT ALL ORD]S ISSU$ FROM ABOVE MU/ 
BE F9AL4 444 ,WE %ALL BE PITILESS ) ?OSE ,SOVIET WORK]S :O HAVE NOT YET 
UND]/OOD2 WE WILL REMOVE !M1 CA/ !M \T ( \R RANKS1 PULL !M UP ) 
REPRESSIONS40 ,TROTSKY N[ CLAIMS ?AT !SE WORDS W]E AIM$ AT ,/AL9 
:O DID NOT CO-ORD9ATE HIS W>-ACTIVITY PROP]LY & WE >E WILL+ TO BELIEVE 
HIM4 ,BUT H[ MU* MORE DIRECTLY MU/ !Y HAVE BE5 AIM$ AT ALL ?OSE :O W]E 
NOT EV5 'SECOND-RATE' BUT HAD NO RAT+ AT ALL 9 ! ,SOVIET 
HI]>*Y4 ,!RE ALREADY EXI/$1 AS ,TROTSKY RELATES1 0A %>P CLEAVAGE 
BETWE5 ! CLASSES 9 MOTION & ! 9T]E/S ( ! P>TY MA*9ES4 ,EV5 
! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY CADRES1 :O 5JOY$ ! B5EFIT ( EXCEPTIONAL 
REVOLUTION>Y TRA9+ W]E DEF9ITELY 9CL9$ TO DISREG>D ! MASSES & TO 
ID5TIFY !IR [N SPECIAL 9T]E/S ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! MA*9E ON ! 
V]Y DAY AFT] ! MON>*Y WAS OV]?R[N40 

,TROTSKY HOLDS1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ! DANG]S IMPLI$ 9 ?IS SITUATION W]E 
AV]T$ BY ,L59'S VIGILANCE & BY OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS :I* MADE ! 
0MASSES MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! ,P>TY1 & ! ,P>TY MORE 
REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ITS MA*9E40 ,BUT ! MA*9E WAS HEAD$ BY 
,L594 ,EV5 BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION1 ,TROTSKY PO9TS \T1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( 
! ,P>TY 0FUNCTION$ ALMO/ REGUL>LY & WAS 5TIRELY 9 ! H&S ( 
,L5940 ,& EV5 MORE SO AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! SPR+ ( #aiah ! 
0IDEAL ( 'DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM' SUFF]$ FUR!R REV]SES1 
= 9 EFFECT ! P[] )9 BO? ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,P>TY BECAME 
CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( ,L59 & ! IMM$IATE RET9UE ( ,BOL%EVIK 
LEAD]S :O DID NOT OP5LY DISAGREE ) HIM & C>RI$ \T HIS WI%ES40 
,AS ! BUREAUCRACY MADE HEADWAY NEV]!LESS1 ! EM]G+ ,/AL9I/ MA*9E 
MU/ HAVE BE5 ! RESULT ( AN OV]SI<T ON ! P>T ( ,L594 

,TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! RUL] ( ! MA*9E & ! MA*9E ON ! ONE 
H&1 & BETWE5 ! MA*9E & ! MASSES ON ! O!R IMPLIES ?AT ONLY ! 
MASSES & ITS TOP-LEAD] W]E TRULY REVOLUTION>Y1 & ?AT BO? ,L59 & ! 
REVOLUTION>Y MASSES W]E LAT] BETRAY$ BY ,/AL9'S MA*9E :I*1 SO TO 
SPEAK1 MADE ITSELF 9DEP5D5T4 ,AL?\< ,TROTSKY NE$S SU* DI/9CTIONS TO 
SATISFY HIS [N POLITICAL 9T]E/S1 !Y HAVE NO BASIS 9 FACT4 ,UNTIL HIS 
DEA? - DISREG>D+ OCCASIONAL REM>KS AGA9/ ! DANG]S ( 
BUREAUCRATIZATION1 :I* = ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E ! EQUIVAL5T ( ! B\RGEOIS 
POLITICIANS' OCCASIONAL CRUSADES = A BALANC$ BUDGET - ,L59 NEV] ONCE 
CAME \T AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY MA*9E & ITS LEAD]%IP1 ?AT IS1 
AGA9/ HIMSELF4 ,:ATEV] POLICY WAS DECID$ UPON RECEIV$ ,L59'S 
BLESS+ AS LONG AS HE WAS AT ! HELM ( ! MA*9E2 & HE DI$ HOLD+ ?AT 
POSITION4 

,L59'S 'DEMOCRATIC' NOTIONS >E LEG5D>Y4 ,( C\RSE 
/ATE-CAPITALISM UND] ,L59 WAS DIFF]5T FROM /ATE-CAPITALISM UND] ,/AL9 
BECAUSE ! DICTATORIAL P[]S ( ! LATT] W]E GREAT] - ?ANKS TO 
,L59'S ATTEMPT TO BUILD UP HIS [N4 ,?AT ,L59'S RULE WAS LESS 
T]RORI/IC ?AN ,/AL9'S IS DEBATABLE4 ,LIKE ,/AL91 ,L59 CATALOG$ 
ALL HIS VICTIMS UND] ! HEAD+ 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y'4 
,)\T COMP>+ ! /ATI/ICS ( ?OSE TORTUR$ & KILL$ UND] BO? 
REGIMES1 WE WILL ADMIT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME UND] ,L59 & ,TROTSKY WAS 
NOT /RONG 5\< TO C>RY ?R\< SU* ,/AL9I/ MEASURES AS 5=C$ 
COLLECTIVIZATION & SLAVE-LABOR CAMPS AS A MA9 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL 
POLICY4  ,IT WAS NOT DESIGN BUT WEAKNESS :I* =C$ ,L59 & ,TROTSKY TO ! 
SO CALL$ ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY1 ?AT IS1 TO CONCESSIONS TO PRIVATE 
PROP]TY 9T]E/S & TO A GREAT] LIP-S]VICE TO 'DEMOCRACY'4 

,BOL%EVIK 'TOL]ATION' ( SU* NON-,BOL%EVIK ORGANIZATIONS AS 
! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ! E>LY PHASE ( ,L59'S RULE DID NOT 
SPR+1 AS ,TROTSKY ASS]TS1 FROM ,L59'S 'DEMOCRATIC' 
9CL9ATIONS BUT FROM 9ABILITY TO DE/ROY ALL NON-,BOL%EVIK ORGANIZATIONS AT 
ONCE4 ,! TOTALIT>IAN FEATURES ( ,L59'S ,BOL%EVISM W]E ACCUMULAT+ 
AT ! SAME RATE AT :I* ITS CONTROL & POLICE P[] GREW4 ,?AT !Y W]E 
=C$ UPON ! ,BOL%EVIKS BY ! 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y' ACTIVITY 
( ALL NON-,BOL%EVIK LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 AS ,TROTSKY MA9TA9S1 CAN NOT ( 
C\RSE EXPLA9 !IR FUR!R 9CREASE AFT] ! CRU%+ ( ! V>I\S 
NONCON=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,NEI!R C\LD IT EXPLA9 ,L59'S 9SI/5CE 
UPON ! 5=CEM5T ( TOTALIT>IAN PR9CIPLE 9 ! EXTRA-,RUSSIAN 
ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,TROTSKY1 ,APOLOGI/ = ,/AL9ISM 

,UNABLE TO BLAME NON-,BOL%EVIK ORGANIZATIONS 5TIRELY = ,L59'S 
DICTATOR%IP1 ,TROTSKY TELLS 0?OSE !ORETICIANS :O ATTEMPT TO PROVE 
?AT ! PRES5T TOTALIT>IAN REGIME ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 IS DUE 444 TO ! UGLY 
NATURE ( ,BOL%EVISM ITSELF10 ?AT !Y =GET ! YE>S ( ,CIVIL ,W>1 
0:I* LAID AN 9DELIBLE IMPRESS ON ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T BY VIRTUE ( 
! FACT ?AT V]Y MANY ( ! ADM9I/RATORS1 A CONSID]ABLE LAY] ( !M1 
HAD BECOME ACCU/OM$ TO COMM& & DEM&$ UNCONDITIONAL SUBMISSION TO !IR 
ORD]S40 ,/AL91 TOO1 HE CONT9UES1 0WAS MOLD$ BY ! 5VIRONM5T 
& CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ALONG ) ! 5TIRE GR\P ?AT LAT] 
HELP$ HIM TO E/ABLI% HIS P]SONAL DICTATOR%IP04 ,! ,CIVIL ,W>1 
H[EV]1 WAS 9ITIAT$ BY ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,& ?US ! UGLY 
SIDES ( ,BOL%EVISM UND] ,L591 AS WELL AS UND] ,/AL91 F9D !IR *IEF & 
F9AL CAUSE 9 CAPITALISM'S 5MITY TO ,BOL%EVISM :I*1 IF IT IS A 
MON/]1 IS ONLY A RELUCTANT MON/]1 KILL+ & TORTUR+ 9 M]E 
SELF-DEF5SE4 

,& SO1 IF ONLY 9 A R\NDAB\T WAY1 ,TROTSKY'S ,BOL%EVISM1 DESPITE ITS 
SATURATION ) HATR$ = ,/AL91 LEADS 9 ! 5D M]ELY TO A DEF5SE ( 
,/AL9ISM AS ! ONLY POSSIBLE SELF-DEF5SE = ,TROTSKY4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ! 
SUP]FICIALITY ( ! IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM4 
,! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ATTACK+ ,/AL9 )\T ATTACK+ ,L59 HELPS TO EXPLA91 
FUR!RMORE1 ,TROTSKY'S GREAT DIFFICULTIES AS AN OPPOSITIONI/4 
,TROTSKY'S [N PA/ & !ORIES PRECLUDE ON HIS P>T ! 9ITIATION ( A 
MOVEM5T TO ! LEFT ( ,/AL9ISM & CONDEMN$ 
',TROTSKYISM' TO REMA9 A M]E COLLECT+ AG5CY = UNSUCCESSFUL 
,BOL%EVIKS4 ,AS SU* IT C\LD MA9TA9 ITSELF \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA BECAUSE ( ! 
CEASELESS COMPETITIVE /RUGGLES = P[] & POSITIONS )9 ! SO-CALL$ 
'COMMUNI/' WORLD-MOVEM5T4 ,BUT IT C\LD NOT A*IEVE SIGNIFICANCE 
= IT HAD NO?+ TO (F] BUT ! REPLACEM5T ( ONE SET ( POLITICIANS BY 
ANO!R4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ DEF5SE ( ,RUSSIA 9 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> WAS 
CONSI/5T ) ALL ! PREVI\S POLICIES ( ?IS1 ,/AL9'S MO/ BITT]1 
BUT ALSO MO/ LOYAL1 OPPOSITION4 

,TROTSKY'S DEF5SE ( ,/AL9ISM DOES NOT EXHAU/ ITSELF ) %[+ 
H[ ! ,CIVIL ,W> TRANS=M$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS FROM S]VANTS 9TO MA/]S ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,HE PO9TS TO ! MORE IMPORTANT FACT ?AT IT IS ! 
0BUREAUCRACY'S LAW ( LIFE & DEA? TO GU>D ! NATIONALIZATION 
( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ( ! L&40 ,?IS MEANS ?AT 09 
SPITE ( ! MO/ MON/R\S BUREAUCRATIC DI/ORTIONS1 ! CLASS BASIS ( ! 
,U4,S4,S4,R4 REMA9S PROLET>IAN40 ,= A :ILE - WE NOTICE - ,/AL9 HAD 
,TROTSKY WORRI$4 ,9 #a#i#b#a1 ,L59 HAD BE5 DI/URB$ BY ! QUE/ION AS TO 
:E!R ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY WAS M]ELY A 'TACTIC' OR 
AN 'EVOLUTION'4 ,BECAUSE ! ,N,E,P RELEAS$ PRIVATE-CAPITALI/IC 
T5D5CIES1 ,TROTSKY SAW 9 ! GR[+ ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY 0NO?+ 
ELSE ?AN ! FIR/ /AGE ( B\RGEOIS RE/ORATION40 ,BUT HIS WORRIES W]E 
UNF\ND$2 0! /RUGGLE AGA9/ EQUALITY & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( V]Y 
DEEP SOCIAL DIFF]5TIATIONS HAS SO F> BE5 UNABLE TO ELIM9ATE ! SOCIALI/ 
CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASSES OR ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 
& ! L&1 :I* W]E ! BASIC SOCIAL CONQUE/S ( ! REVOLUTION40 
,/AL91 ( C\RSE1 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ?IS1 = 0! ,RUSSIAN 
,!RMIDOR W\LD HAVE UND\BT$LY OP5$ A NEW ]A ( B\RGEOIS RULE1 IF ?AT 
RULE HAD NOT PROV$ OBSOLETE ?R\<\T ! WORLD40 

,! ,RESULT3 ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 

,) ?IS LA/ /ATEM5T ( ,TROTSKY'S WE APPROA* ! ESS5CE ( ! 
MATT] UND] DISCUSSION4 ,WE HAVE SAID BE=E ?AT ! CONCRETE RESULTS 
( ! REVOLUTION ( #aiag W]E NEI!R SOCIALI/IC NOR B\RGEOIS BUT 
/ATE-CAPITALI/IC4 ,IT WAS ,TROTSKY'S BELIEF ?AT ,/AL9 W\LD DE/ROY ! 
/ATE-CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ! ECONOMY 9 FAVOR ( A B\RGEOIS ECONOMY4 ,?IS 
WAS TO BE ! ,!RMIDOR4 ,! DECAY ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY ALL OV] ! WORLD 
PREV5T$ ,/AL9 FROM BR++ ?IS AB\T4 ,ALL HE C\LD DO WAS TO 9TRODUCE ! 
UGLY FEATURES ( HIS P]SONAL DICTATOR%IP 9TO ?AT SOCIETY :I* HAD BE5 
BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 & DESPITE ! FACT 
?AT ,/AL9 /ILL OCCUPIES ! ,KREML91 ,TROTSKYISM HAS TRIUMPH$ OV] 
,/AL9ISM4 

,IT ALL DEP5DS ON AN EQUATION ( /ATE-CAPITALISM ) SOCIALISM4 ,& 
AL?\< SOME ( ,TROTSKY'S DISCIPLES HAVE REC5TLY F\ND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO 
CONT9UE MAK+ ! EQUATION1 ,TROTSKY WAS B\ND TO IT1 = IT IS ! BEG9N+ 
& ! 5D ( ,L59ISM &1 9 A WID] S5SE1 ( ! :OLE ( ! 
SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORLD-MOVEM5T ( :I* ,L59ISM WAS ONLY ! MORE REALI/IC 
P>T4 ,REALI/IC1 ?AT IS1 ) REG>D TO ,RUSSIA4 ,:AT WAS1 & /ILL IS1 
UND]/OOD BY ?IS MOVEM5T UND] 'WORK]S' /ATE IS GOV]NM5TAL 
RULE BY ! P>TY2 :AT IS MEANT BY 'SOCIALISM' IS ! 
NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,BY ADD+ CONTROL OV] ! ECONOMY 
TO ! POLITICAL CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T ! TOTALIT>IAN RULE OV] ALL ( 
SOCIETY EM]GES 9 FULL4 ,! GOV]NM5T SECURES ITS TOTALIT>IAN RULE BY WAY ( 
! P>TY1 :I* MA9TA9S ! SOCIAL HI]>*Y & IS ITSELF A HI]>*ICAL 
9/ITUTION4 

,?IS IDEA ( 'SOCIALISM' IS N[ 9 ! PROCESS ( BECOM+ 
DISCR$IT$1 BUT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! EXP]I5CE ( ,RUSSIA & SIMIL> IF LESS 
EXT5SIVE EXP]I5CES 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,PRIOR TO #a#i#a#d1 :AT WAS MEANT BY ! 
SEIZURE ( P[]1 EI!R PEACEFULLY OR VIOL5TLY1 WAS ! SEIZURE ( ! 
GOV]NM5T MA*9]Y1 REPLAC+ A GIV5 SET ( ADM9I/RATORS & LAW-MAK]S 
) ANO!R SET4 ,ECONOMICALLY1 ! 'AN>*Y' ( ! CAPITALI/IC 
M>KET WAS TO BE REPLAC$ BY A PLANN$ PRODUCTION UND] ! CONTROL ( ! 
/ATE4 ,AS ! SOCIALI/ /ATE W\LD BY DEF9ITION BE A 'JU/' 
/ATE1 BE+ ITSELF CONTROLL$ BY ! MASSES BY WAY ( ! DEMOCRATIC 
PROCESSES1 !RE WAS NO REASON TO EXPECT ?AT ITS DECISIONS W\LD RUN C\NT] 
TO SOCIALI/IC IDEALS4 ,?IS !ORY WAS SUFFICI5T TO ORGANIZE P>TS ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS 9TO MORE OR LESS P[]FUL P>TIES4 

,! !ORY ( SOCIALISM BOIL$ D[N TO ! DEM& = C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIC 
PLANN+ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL4 ,! C5TRALIZATION PROCESS1 9H]5T 9 
CAPITAL-ACCUMULATION ITSELF1 WAS REG>D$ AS A SOCIALI/IC T5D5CY4 
,! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( 'LABOR' )9 ! /ATE-MA*9]Y WAS 
HAIL$ AS A /EP 9 ! DIRECTION ( SOCIALISM4 ,BUT ACTUALLY ! C5TRALIZATION 
PROCESS ( CAPITAL 9DICAT$ SOME?+ ELSE ?AN ITS SELF-TRANS=MATION 9TO 
SOCIAL PROP]TY4 ,IT WAS ID5TICAL ) ! DE/RUCTION ( LAISSEZ 
FAIRE ECONOMY & !RE) ) ! 5D ( ! TRADITIONAL BUS9ESS-CYCLE 
AS ! REGULATOR ( ! ECONOMY4 ,) ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY 
! *>ACT] ( CAPITALISM *ANG$4 ,FROM ?AT TIME ON IT F\ND ITSELF UND] 
P]MAN5T CRISIS CONDITIONS :I* C\LD NOT BE RESOLV$1 BY ! 
'AUTOMATIC' WORK+S ( ! M>KET4 ,MONOPOLI/IC REGULATIONS1 
/ATE-9T]F]5CES1 NATIONAL POLICIES %IFT$ ! BURD5 ( ! CRISIS TO ! 
CAPITALI/ICALLY UND]-PRIVILEG$ 9 ! WORLD-ECONOMY4 ,ALL 
'ECONOMIC' POLICY BECAME IMP]IALI/IC POLICY1 CULM9AT+ TWICE 9 
WORLD-WIDE CONFLAGRATIONS4 

,9 ?IS SITUATION1 TO RECON/RUCT A BROK5-D[N POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 
SY/EM MEANT TO ADAPT IT TO !SE NEW CONDITIONS4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK !ORY ( 
SOCIALIZATION FITT$ ?IS NE$ 9 AN ADMIRABLE WAY4 ,9 ORD] TO RE/ORE ! 
NATIONAL P[] ( ,RUSSIA IT WAS NECESS>Y TO DO 9 A RADICAL FA%ION :AT 9 
! ,WE/]N NATIONS HAD BE5 M]ELY AN EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,EV5 !N IT W\LD 
TAKE TIME TO CLOSE ! GAP BETWE5 ! ,RUSSIAN ECONOMY & ?AT ( ! ,WE/]N 
P[]S4 ,MEAN:ILE ! IDEOLOGY ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T S]V$ WELL AS 
PROTECTION4 ,! SOCIALI/ ORIG9 ( ,BOL%EVISM MADE IT P>TICUL>LY FITT$ = 
! /ATE-CAPITALI/ RECON/RUCTION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,ITS ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES1 
:I* HAD TURN$ ! P>TY 9TO A WELL-FUNCTION+ 9/ITUTION1 W\LD 
REE/ABLI% ORD] 9 ! C\NTRY AS WELL4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS ( C\RSE W]E CONV9C$ ?AT :AT !Y W]E BUILD+ 9 
,RUSSIA WAS1 IF NOT SOCIALISM1 AT LEA/ ! NEXT BE/ ?+ TO SOCIALISM1 = 
!Y W]E COMPLET+ ! PROCESS :I* 9 ! ,WE/]N NATIONS WAS /ILL ONLY 
! MA9 TR5D ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,!Y HAD ABOLI%$ ! M>KET-ECONOMY 
& HAD EXPROPRIAT$ ! B\RGEOISIE2 !Y ALSO HAD GA9$ COMPLETE CONTROL 
OV] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,= ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 H[EV]1 NO?+ HAD *ANG$2 
!Y W]E M]ELY FAC$ BY ANO!R SET ( BOSSES1 POLITICIANS & 
9DOCTR9ATORS4 ,!IR POSITION EQUAL$ ! WORK]S' POSITION 9 ALL 
CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES DUR+ TIMES ( W>4 ,/ATE-CAPITALISM IS A W>-ECONOMY1 
& ALL EXTRA-,RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SY/EMS TRANS=M$ !MSELVES 9TO 
W>-ECONOMIES1 9TO /ATE-CAPITALI/IC SY/EMS FITT$ TO ! IMP]IALI/IC 
NE$S ( MOD]N CAPITALISM4 ,O!R NATIONS DID NOT COPY ALL ! 9NOVATIONS ( 
,RUSSIAN /ATE-CAPITALISM BUT ONLY ?OSE BE/ SUIT$ TO !IR SPECIFIC NE$S4 
,! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> L$ TO ! FUR!R UNFOLD+ ( /ATE-CAPITALISM ON A 
WORLD WIDE SCALE4 ,! PECULI>ITIES ( ! V>I\S NATIONS & !IR SPECIAL 
SITUATIONS )9 ! WORLD-P[] FRAME PROVID$ A GREAT V>IETY ( 
DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES T[>DS /ATE-CAPITALISM4 

,! FACT ?AT /ATE-CAPITALISM & FASCISM DID NOT1 & DO NOT GR[ 
EV]Y:]E 9 A UNI=M MANN] PROVID$ ,TROTSKY ) ! >GUM5T ( ! BASIC 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,BOL%EVISM1 FASCISM & CAPITALISM PLA9 & SIMPLE4 ,?IS 
>GUM5T NECESS>ILY /RESSES SUP]FICIALITIES ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ALL 
ESS5TIAL ASPECTS ALL ?REE ( !SE SY/EMS >E ID5TICAL & REPRES5T ONLY 
V>I\S /AGES ( ! SAME DEVELOPM5T - A DEVELOPM5T :I* AIMS AT 
MANIPULAT+ ! MASS ( ! POPULATION BY DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5TS 9 A MORE OR 
LESS AU?ORIT>IAN FA%ION1 9 ORD] TO SECURE ! GOV]NM5T & ! 
PRIVILEG$ SOCIAL LAY]S :I* SUPPORT IT & TO 5ABLE ?OSE GOV]NM5TS TO 
P>TICIPATE 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMY ( TODAY BY PREP>+ = W>1 WAG+ 
W>1 & PR(IT+ BY W>4 

,TROTSKY C\LD NOT P]MIT HIMSELF TO RECOGNIZE 9 ,BOL%EVISM ONE ASPECT ( 
! WORLD-WIDE TR5D T[>DS A 'FASCI/' WORLD ECONOMY4 ,AS LATE AS 
#aid HE HELD ! VIEW ?AT ,BOL%EVISM PREV5T$ ! RISE ( ,FASCISM 9 ! 
,RUSSIA ( #a#i#a#g4 ,IT %\LD HAVE LONG S9CE BE5 CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ALL ?AT 
,L59 & ,TROTSKY PREV5T$ 9 ,RUSSIA WAS ! USE ( A NON-,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY = 
! 'FASCI/' RECON/RUCTION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BECAUSE ! ,M>XIAN 
IDEOLOGY ( ,BOL%EVISM M]ELY S]V$ /ATE-CAPITALI/IC 5DS1 IT1 TOO1 HAS BE5 
DISCR$IT$4 ,FROM ANY VIEW ?AT GOES BEYOND ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( 
EXPLOITATION1 ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM >E BO? RELICS ( ! PA/4 

,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,/AL94 ,AN APPRAISAL ( ! 
MAN & HIS 9FLU5CE4 ,$IT$ & TRANSLAT$ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN BY ,*>LES 
,MALAMU?4 ,! FIR/ SEV5 *APT]S & ! APP5DIX1 ?AT IS1 ! BULK ( ! 
BOOK1 ,TROTSKY WROTE & REVIS$ HIMSELF4 ,! LA/ F\R *APT]S1 CONSI/+ ( 
NOTES1 EXC]PTS1 DOCUM5TS & O!R RAW MAT]IALS1 HAVE BE5 $IT$4 

#b4 ,SEE = 9/ANCE1 ,L4 ,TROTSKY'S 
0,DICTATOR%IP VS4 ,DEMOCRACY01 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#b#b2 P>TICUL>LY FROM 
PAGE #ace TO PAGE #a#e4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,BOL%EVISM & ,/AL9ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,BOL%EVISM & ,/AL9ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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