,BOL%EVIK ,OPPOSITION TO ,L59 
,G4 ,T4 ,MIASNIKOV & ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,AVRI* 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,ONE 

,DUR+ ,L59'S YE>S 9 P[]1 FROM ,OCTOB] #aiag UNTIL HIS DEA? 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#d1 A NUMB] ( GR\PS TOOK %APE )9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY-! ,DEMOCRATIC ,C5TRALI/S & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION >E ! BE/ KN[N-:I* CRITICIZ$ ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP = AB&ON+ ! PR9CIPLES ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTION1 AS SKET*$ BY ,L59 9 ,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION & O!R WORKS HAD PROMIS$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRATIC /ATE & ITS REPLACEM5T ) A NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 MODEL$ ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 9 :I* ! DIRECT DEMOCRACY ( ! WORK]S W\LD BE REALIZ$4 ,! C>D9AL FEATURE ( ?IS 0COMMUNE /ATE10 AS ,L59 CALL$ IT1 WAS TO BE ITS REPUDIATION ( BUREAUCRATIC AU?ORITY4 ,! WORK]S !MSELVES W\LD ADM9I/] ! GOV]NM5T ?R\< GRASS-ROOTS ORGANIZATIONS1 ( :I* ! SOVIETS W]E ! =EMO/ EXAMPLE4 ,WORK]S' CONTROL1 ?R\< FACTORY COMMITTEES & TRADE UNIONS1 W\LD FUNCTION SIMIL>LY 9 ECONOMIC LIFE1 REPLAC+ PRIVATE [N]%IP & MANAGEM5T ) A SY/EM ( 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY & SELF-ADM9I/RATION 9 :I* ! RANK & FILE W\LD %APE !IR [N DE/9Y4 ,MI/AKES W\LD BE MADE1 ,L59 CONC$$1 BUT ! WORK]S W\LD LE>N BY EXP]I5CE4 0,! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+10 HE DECL>$1 0IS TO 9/ILL 9 ! OPPRESS$ & LABOR+ MASSES CONFID5CE 9 !IR [N P[]40' ,SU* WAS ,L59'S VISION BE=E ,OCTOB]4 ,ONCE 9 P[]1 H[EV]1 HE SAW ?+S FROM A DIFF]5T P]SPECTIVE4 ,OV]NI<T1 AS IT W]E1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E TRANS=M$ FROM A REVOLUTION>Y 9TO A GOV]N+ P>TY1 FROM AN ORGANIZATION ?AT 5C\RAG$ SPONTANE\S ACTION AGA9/ EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS 9TO ONE ?AT S\<T TO CONTA9 IT4 ,AS TIME W5T BY1 MOREOV]1 !Y FAC$ A GR[+ >RAY ( DIFFICULTIES-CIVIL W>1 ECONOMIC DISLOCATION1 RIS+ POPUL> DISCONT5T1 %E] PHYSICAL EXHAU/ION-?AT ?REAT5$ !IR V]Y SURVIVAL4 ,L59 & ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE S\<T TO COME TO T]MS ) ! PROBLEMS ?AT CR[D$ 9 >\ND !M4 ,9 ! PROCESS1 !ORIES W]E MODIFI$ OR AB&ON$1 PR9CIPLES COMPROMIS$ OR %ELV$4 ,! RET5TION ( P[] DW>F$ ALL O!R OBJECTIVES4 ,! P>TY ( OPPOSITION & REVOLT HAD BECOME ! P>TY ( DISCIPL9E & ORD]4 

,UND] M\NT+ PRESSURES1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP ASSUM$ AN 9CREAS+LY DICTATORIAL POSITION4 ,ONE BY ONE1 ! GOALS ( #aiag PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY1 SOCIAL EQUALITY1 WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T-W]E ?RU/ ASIDE4 ,! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! NEW SOCIETY W]E RECA/ 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN MOLD1 & A NEW BUREAUCRATIC $IFICE WAS CON/RUCT$1 ) ITS ATT5DANT CORRUPTION & R$ TAPE4 ,9 GOV]NM5T & P>TY1 9 9DU/RY & >MY1 HI]>*Y & PRIVILEGE W]E RE/OR$4 ,= COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T ( ! FACTORIES ,L59 SUB/ITUT$ ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & /RICT LABOR DISCIPL9E4 ,HE RE9/AT$ HI<] PAY = SPECIALI/S & MANAG]S1 ALONG ) PIECE RATES & O!R DISC>D$ FEATURES ( CAPITALISM4 ,SOVIETS1 TRADE UNIONS1 & FACTORY COMMITTEES W]E TRANS=M$ 9TO TOOLS ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,AU?ORITY WAS 9CREAS+LY CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A P>TY ELITE4 

,SU* POLICIES C\LD NOT FAIL TO >\SE OPPOSITION4 ,:AT HAD !Y TO DO ) ! ORIG9AL GOALS ( ! P>TY8 ,WAS IT = ?IS ?AT ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 MADE8 ,QUE/IONS ( ?IS SORT TR\BL$ A GR[+ NUMB] ( ,BOL%EVIK /ALW>TS4 ,UNABLE TO REMA9 SIL5T1 DISSID5TS ON ! LEFT W+ ( ! P>TY RAIS$ !IR VOICES 9 PROTE/4 ,AMONG !M WAS ,GAVRIII LL'I* ,MIASNIKOV1 A METALWORK] FROM ! ,URALS & A ,BOL%EVIK S9CE #a#i#f4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ VOCAL ( ! E>LY OPPOSITIONI/S1 HE IS ALSO ONE ( ! MO/ OBSCURE4 ,YET DUR+ ! E>LY #a#i#bS HE BLAZ$ 9TO PROM95CE AS A CRITIC ( ,L59'S POLICIES1 POS+ QUE/IONS ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE3 ,:O IS TO DECIDE :AT IS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S8 ,:AT ME?ODS >E P]MISSIBLE 9 RESOLV+ DISPUTES AMONG REVOLUTION>IES8 ,AT :AT PO9T DOES HONE/ CRITICISM ( P>TY (FICIALS BECOME 0DEVIATION0 OR 9SUBORD9ATION8 ,MIASNIKOV1 SEE+ HIS DEEPE/ REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS ?W>T$1 EVOLV$ AN ELABORATE & P5ETRAT+ CRITIQUE ( ! DICTATOR%IP 9 ! MAK+1 PO9T+ TO DANG]S :OSE FULL CONSEQU5CES W]E NOT YET APP>5T4 

,MIASNIKOV'S CRITICISMS BECAME ! FOCUS ( ACRIMONI\S DEBATE4 ,IT FIGUR$ L>GELY AT BO? ! ,ELEV5? & ,TWELF? ,P>TY ,CONGRESSES1 DRAW+ FIRE FROM VIRTUALLY EV]Y PROM95T P>TY LEAD]1 ABOVE ALL FROM ,L59 HIMSELF4 ,! DEBATE1 MOREOV]1 HAD 9T]NATIONAL REP]CUSSIONS1 9VOLV+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AS WELL AS =EIGN P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS4 

,MIASNIKOV1 !N1 M]ITS CLOS] ATT5TION ?AN HE HAS HI!RTO RECEIV$ FROM ,WE/]N HI/ORIANS4 ,! OBJECT ( ! PRES5T >TICLE IS NOT ONLY TO TELL HIS /ORY 9 PROP] DETAIL1 BUT ALSO TO RELATE IT TO ! BROAD] ISSUES SURR\ND+ ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 ,MIASNIKOV1 IT IS TRUE1 WAS A SECOND>Y FIGURE 9 ! PORTRAIT GALL]Y ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 HE WAS A BRAVE & COLORFUL 9DIVIDUAL & DES]VES TO BE BETT] KN[N4 ,HE ADD$ A /RONG PROLET>IAN VOICE TO ! DEBATE OV] ! MEAN+ ( SOCIALISM4 ,BUT :AT L5DS HIS /ORY P>TICUL> POIGNANCY IS ?AT HE WAS A D$ICAT$ REVOLUTION>Y1 A ,BOL%EVIK ( LONG /&+1 :O *]I%$ ! IDEALS ( ,OCTOB] ONLY TO SEE !M COMPROMIS$ & CRU%$4 ,HIS DEFEAT1 9 A S5SE1 SYMBOLIZ$ ! DEFEAT ( ! REVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,( ,MIASNIKOV'S E>LY YE>S LITTLE IS KN[N4 ,HE BEGAN LIFE 9 #a#h#h#i1 A NATIVE ( ! ,URALS1 :I* HAD A TRADITION ( WORK+-CLASS MILITANCY REA*+ BACK TO ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,HIMSELF POSSESS$ ( A MILITANT TEMP]1 HE TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e4  ,ONLY SIXTE5 AT ! TIME1 HE HELP$ ORGANIZE A WORK]S' ,SOVIET 9 ! L>GE METALS FACTORY 9 :I* HE WORK$1 AT ,MOTOVILIKHA1 A VILLAGE ON ! ,KAMA ,RIV] A FEW MILES ABOVE ,P]M'4  ,! FOLL[+ YE> HE JO9$ ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,>RE/$ SOON AFT]1 HE WAS IMPRISON$ & !N BANI%$ TO ,SIB]IA1 S]V+ A TOTAL ( SEV5 & A HALF YE>S AT H>D LABOR'  ,MIASNIKOV PROV$ A REFRACTORY 9MATE4 ,HE WAS BEAT5 = 9SUBORD9ATION1 SP5T SEV5TY-FIVE DAYS ON HUNG] /RIKES1 & ESCAP$ NO LESS ?AN ?REE TIMES1 REJO9+ ! ,BOL%EVIK UND]GR\ND AFT] EA* FLI<T4 ,SMALL WOND] ?AT HE ACQUIR$ A REPUTATION = =TITUDE & D$ICATION6 ,BOLD1 DET]M9$1 UNYIELD+1 A MAN ( PASSION & ( TEMPE/U\S 5]GY1 HE ALREADY EXHIBIT$ ?OSE TRAITS ( *>ACT] ?AT W]E TO SET HIM AGA9/ ! P>TY HI]>*Y4 ,HE WAS HI<-M9D$1 9DEP5D5T1 IMPLACABLE1 A /ORMY PETREL ( REVOLUTION>Y MILITANCY :O1 ) HIS LONG HAIR & BE>D & PI]C+ EYES1 COMB9$ ! QUALITIES ( A T\< LABOR ACTIVI/ ) ?OSE ( A VISION>Y & ROMANTIC4 ,/AMP$ ) ! M5TALITY ( AN ,OLD ,BELIEV]-ONE WOND]S :E!R1 LIKE ,%LIAPNIKOV ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 HE CAME FROM A S*ISMATIC BACKGR\ND-HE T5D$ TO VIEW SOCIAL & POLITICAL ISSUES 9 T]MS ( MORAL ABSOLUTES4 ,= ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE HE RETA9$ AN ATTITUDE ( SECT>IAN FUNDAM5TALISM1 REJECT+ ANY ADULT]ATION ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS4 

,ON RETURN+ FROM EXILE1 ,MIASNIKOV RESUM$ HIS UND]GR\ND ACTIVITY4 ,) ! COLLAPSE ( ! AUTOCRACY 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#g1 HE ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ! REVOLUTION 9 HIS NATIVE DI/RICT1 =M+ A WORK]S' COMMITTEE 9 ! ,MOTOVILIKHA FACTORY & S]V+ 9 BO? ! ,P]M' ,SOVIET & ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIK ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #aiag HE TOOK P>T 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK SEIZURE ( P[] 9 ! ,URALS4 ,?REE MON?S LAT]1 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#h1 HE WAS S5T AS A DELEGATE FROM ,P]M' ,PROV9CE TO ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS1 AT :I* ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS APPROV$4 ,SOON AFT]W>DS OCCURR$ HIS FIR/ KN[N BREAK ) ,L592 HE ALLI$ HIMSELF ) ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/ FACTION & OPPOS$ ! RATIFICATION ( ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK TREATY4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#a#h1 AT AN ALL-CITY P>TY CONF]5CE 9 ,P]M'1 ,MIASNIKOV SPOKE \T AGA9/ ! TREATY4 ,CONV9C$ ?AT A ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION WAS IMM95T1 & ?AT )\T IT ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME C\LD NOT SURVIVE1 HE FAVOR$ A 0REVOLUTION>Y W>0 ?AT W\LD IGNITE ! PROLET>IAT ( ! ,WE/ & BR+ AB\T ! F9AL DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM4 

,MIASNIKOV1 H[EV]1 DID RALLY BEH9D ,L59 DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#h1 :5 ! 9T5SIFICATION ( CIVIL W> SAW ! FAD+ ( ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S & A RE/ORATION ( UNITY )9 ! P>TY4 ,N[ A MEMB] ( ! ,URALS ,REGIONAL ,SOVIET1 HE GA9$ A MEASURE ( NOTORIETY = HIS ROLE 9 ! LIQUIDATION ( ! IMP]IAL FAMILY4 ,HE WAS P]SONALLY RESPONSIBLE = ! MURD] ( ,GR& ,DUKE ,MI*AEL1 ! CZ>'S Y\NG] BRO!R1 :O HAD BE5 DEPORT$ TO ,P]M'4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ,JULY #a#b-#a#c1 #a#i#a#h1 A GR\P ( WORKM51 L$ BY ,MIASNIKOV1 >RIV$ AT ,MI*AEL'S AP>TM5T ) =G$ PAP]S ( ! PROV9CIAL ,*EKA4 ,!Y AWAK5$ ! ,GR& ,DUKE1 TOOK HIM & HIS ,5GLI% SECRET>Y1 ,NI*OLAS ,JOHNSON1 TO ! ,MOTOVILIKHA FACTORY1 & !RE %OT !M TO DEA?4 

,:E!R ,MIASNIKOV UND]TOOK ! ASSASS9ATION ON HIS [N 9ITIATIVE OR WAS ACT+ ON ORD]S FROM HI<] AU?ORITY IS UNCLE>4 ,V]A ,KORN\KHOVA1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,P]M' ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 AFT]W>DS TE/IFI$ ?AT ,MIASNIKOV WAS 0A BLOOD?IR/Y & EMBITT]$ MAN1 & NOT ALTOGE!R SANE10 IMPLY+ ?AT HE ALONE WAS RESPONSIBLE = ! ACT4  ,YET ! FACT ?AT1 AS SOON AS ! ASSASS9ATION WAS C>RI$ \T1 ,MIASNIKOV LEFT = ,MOSC[ & REPORT$ DIRECTLY TO ,L591 SUGGE/S ?AT HE HAD ACT$ UND] 9/RUCTIONS4 ,F\R DAYS LAT]1 IT MI<T BE ADD$1 ! CZ> & HIS FAMILY W]E %OT1 ON ,BOL%EVIK ORD]S1 9 ! ,URALS CITY ( ,EKAT]9BURG4 

,= ! REMA9D] ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> ,MIASNIKOV REMA9$ A LOYAL ,BOL%EVIK4 ,BY #aib HE WAS *AIRMAN ( ! ,P]M' ,PROV9CIAL ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 HAV+ HEAD$ ITS AGITPROP SECTION4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] ( ?AT YE> HE WAS A DELEGATE TO ! ,N9? ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE1 HELD 9 ,MOSC[1 :]E HE SPOKE ON PROPAG&A WORK )9 ! P>TY4  ,HE DID NOT1 LIKE SEV]AL O!R DELEGATES AT ! CONF]5CE1 CRITICIZE ! P>TY LEAD]%IP4 ,YET HE WAS SEE?+ ) DISAFFECTION4 ,HE WAS DEEPLY TR\BL$ BY ! OLIG>*ICAL T5D5CIES )9 ! P>TY1 ! DRIFT T[>DS AU?ORIT>IANISM & ELITE RULE1 A PROCESS GREATLY ACCEL]AT$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,HE WAS DISMAY$ BY ! GR[+ CONC5TRATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 ! DIVORCE ( ! LEAD]%IP FROM ! RANK & FILE1 & ! SUPPRESSION ( LOCAL 9ITIATIVE & DEBATE4 ,EQUALLY DI/URB+1 ?\< HE DID NOT YET RAISE HIS VOICE 9 PUBLIC PROTE/1 WAS ! 9TRODUCTION ( LABOR DISCIPL9E 9 ! FACTORIES1 ALONG ) ! ELEVATION ( TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S TO POSITIONS ( AU?ORITY & ! REPLACEM5T ( WORK]S' CONTROL BY ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATION4 

,TO ,MIASNIKOV ALL ?IS REPRES5T$ A FLAGRANT BREA* ( ,BOL%EVIK PROMISES1 A SURR5D] ( ! CONQUE/S ( ,OCTOB]4 ,) HI]>*Y & DISCIPL9E RESURRECT$1 :AT1 HE WOND]$1 HAD ! WORK]S WON8 ,) ! CLASS 5EMY ONCE AGA9 RUNN+ ! FACTORIES1 :AT HAD BECOME ( ! WORK]S' P[]8  ,MIASNIKOV WAS A BITT] MAN4 ,HE C\LD NOT RECONCILE HIMSELF TO ! AB&ONM5T ( ! PR9CIPLES ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY 5UNCIAT$ 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,HE BELIEV$ HE>T & S\L 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,! C5TRAL PURPOSE ( ! REVOLUTION1 AS ,MIASNIKOV SAW IT1 HAD BE5 TO ABOLI% CAPITALI/ =MS ( EXPLOITATION1 & !REBY RELEASE ! CREATIVE 5]GIES ( ! WORK]S & E/ABLI% CONDITIONS = !IR DIGNITY & EQUALITY4 ,= ,MIASNIKOV1 ! C\RSE ON :I* ,L59 WAS N[ EMB>K$ WAS NEI!R NECESS>Y NOR EXP$I5T4 ,SOON AFT] ! ,N9? ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE1 ,MIASNIKOV BEGAN TO SPEAK \T4 ,RETURN+ TO ! ,URALS1 HE PROTE/$ OP5LY & VOCIF]\SLY AGA9/ ! :OLE T5D5CY OR ,BOL%EVIK POLICY & ITS DIV]G5CE FROM ! L9E ( #a#i#a#g4 ,HE LA%$ \T AT ! RISE ( BUREAUCRATISM 9 ! P>TY1 ! >BITR>9ESS & HI<H&$NESS ( P>TY (FICIALS1 & ! GR[+ NUMB] ( NON-WORK]S 9 ! P>TY RANKS & 9 POSITIONS ( P[]4 ,HE RAIL$ AGA9/ ANY ACCOMMODATION ) ! OLD ORD]1 ANY RET5TION ( CAPITALI/ =MS & ME?ODS4 

,MIASNIKOV /ROVE TO RE/ORE ! P>TY TO ITS ORIG9AL PA?4 ,NO?+ LESS ?AN A CLEAN SWEEP ( ! B\RGEOIS ORD]1 ) ITS 9EQUALITY & 9JU/ICE1 ITS SUBJUGATION & DEGRADATION ( ! WORK]S1 W\LD SATISFY HIS ?IR/ = ! MILL5NIUM4 ,HE CALL$ = ! REALIZATION ( ! PROGRAM ( #a#i#a#g-ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC1 EGALIT>IAN1 & 9T]NATIONALI/-AS ,L59 HIMSELF HAD \TL9$ IT 9 ,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ADVANCE T[>DS SOCIALISM DEP5D$ ON 9T]NAL DEMOCRACY )9 ! P>TY1 GREAT] LOCAL AUTONOMY & POPUL> 9ITIATIVE1 & ! RE/ORATION ( P[] TO ! SOVIETS4 ,IT DEP5D$ ON ! P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 NON-,COMMUNI/ AS WELL AS ,COMMUNI/1 AT ALL LEVELS ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIFE4 

,MU* ( :AT ,MIASNIKOV WAS SAY+ E*O$ IDEAS ALREADY VOIC$ BY ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,C5TRALI/S & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,HE %>$ ) !SE DISS5T]S A COMMON \TLOOK ( LEFT-W+ IDEALISM1 A COMMON DISSATISFACTION ) ! POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP1 A COMMON REVULSION AGA9/ ! :OLE AU?ORIT>IAN PROGRAM ?AT ! REGIME1 UND] ,L59'S DIRECTION1 HAD ADOPT$4 ,YET ,MIASNIKOV W5T HIS [N WAY4 ,NOT)/&+ SUBSEQU5T *>GES ?AT HE HAD BE5 AN 0ACTIVE MEMB]0 ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 HE DID NOT1 AP>T FROM ! MO/ EPHEM]AL CONTACTS1 ASSOCIATE HIMSELF ) ?IS GR\P4 ,MIASNIKOV1 = ! TIME BE+1 REMA9$ A ONE-MAN OPPOSITION4 ,ALWAYS 9DEP5D5T 9 HIS VIEWS1 HE DIFF]$ ) BO? ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,C5TRALI/S & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ON IMPORTANT PO9TS & W5T BEYOND !M 9 ! SWEEP+ NATURE ( HIS ATTACK ON ! P>TY HI]>*Y4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! FEW ,BOL%EVIKS AT ?IS TIME TO ESP\SE ! CAUSE ( ! PEASANTRY1 ESPECIALLY ITS POOR] ELEM5TS1 ADVOCAT+ ! =MATION ( PEASANT UNIONS2 = ?IS HE WAS ACCUS$ ( H>BOR+ ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y SYMPA?IES4 ,DUR+ ! TRADE-UNION CONTROV]SY1 MOREOV]1 HE DID NOT ADH]E TO ANY ( ! CONT5D+ PLAT=MS1 LEA/ ( ALL TO ?AT ( ,L59 & HIS SUPPORT]S1 AS ,%LIAPNIKOV MI/AK5LY MA9TA9$4 ,= ,MIASNIKOV1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! TRADE UNIONS HAD \TLIV$ !IR USEFULNESS1 [+ TO ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,! ,SOVIETS1 HE >GU$ 9 A SYNDICALI/ VE91 W]E REVOLUTION>Y RA!R ?AN RE=MI/ BODIES4 ,UNLIKE ! UNIONS1 !Y EMBRAC$ NOT M]ELY ONE OR ANO!R SEGM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ?IS OR ?AT TRADE OR OCCUPATION1 BUT 0ALL ! WORK]S10 & ALONG ! 0L9ES ( PRODUCTION0 RA!R ?AN ( CRAFT4 ,! UNIONS %\LD !RE=E BE DISMANTL$1 ,MIASNIKOV URG$1 TOGE!R ) ! ,C\NCILS ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY1 :I* W]E RIDDL$ ) 0BUREAUCRATISM & R$ TAPE02 ! MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY1 HE SAID1 %\LD BE VE/$ 9 ! WORK]S' SOVIETS4 

,MIASNIKOV'S UNOR?ODOX PRON\NCEM5TS >\S$ ! IRE ( ! P>TY AU?ORITIES4 ,ON ORD]S FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 HE WAS TRANSF]R$ 70BANI%$ = CORRECTION0 WAS H[ HE HIMSELF PUT IT7 FROM ! ,URALS TO ,PETROGRAD1 :]E HE C\LD BE KEPT UND] SUP]VISIONS ,?IS OCCURR$ 9 ! FALL ( #a#i#b4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> HAD BE5 WON1 & ! ATMOSPH]E 9 ! OLD CAPITAL SEEM$ FE/IVE4 ,A CLOS] LOOK1 H[EV]1 REVEAL$ WIDESPREAD DISCONT5T4 0,R$ ,PETROGRAD10 ,MIASNIKOV NOT$1 WAS A 0,POTEMK9 VILLAGE40 ,BEH9D ! FACADE ( VICTORY LOOM$ A S]I\S CRISIS4 ,BOL%EVIK 9FLU5CE AMONG ! WORK]S WAS SWIFTLY DECL9+4 ,)9 ! P>TY1 FAVORITISM & CORRUPTION W]E RIFE4 ,! ,A/ORIA ,HOTEL1 :]E MANY HI< (FICIALS LIV$1 WAS ! SC5E ( DEBAU*]Y1 :ILE ORD9>Y CITIZ5S W5T )\T ! B>E NECESSITIES4 ,ASSIGN$ TO A P>TY UNIT DETAIL$ TO =AGE = FOOD1 ,MIASNIKOV F\ND ?AT HIS COLLEAGUES W]E NOT 0BREAD-GA!R]S0 BUT 0BREAD-EAT]S10 & ?AT A NEW TYPE ( ,COMMUNI/ WAS EM]G+1 ! TOADY+ C>E]I/ :O 0KN[S H[ TO PLEASE HIS SUP]IORS40 

,AT FIR/ ,MIASNIKOV HESITAT$ TO PROTE/4 ,BUT SOON HE BEGAN TO SPEAK \T AGA94 ,Z9OVIEV1 ! P>TY *AIRMAN 9 ,PETROGRAD1 RESPOND$ ) ?REATS4 ,AT ONE PO9T HE W>N$ ,MIASNIKOV TO /OP COMPLA9+ 0OR WE %ALL EXPEL Y\ FROM ! P>TY1 ,Y\ >E EI!R AN ,S,R OR A SICK MAN40  ,BUT ,MIASNIKOV REFUS$ TO BE SIL5C$4 ,HIS PROLONG$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CZ>I/ ORD] HAD GIV5 HIM A TA/E = FRE$OM ( SPEE* ?AT HE WAS LOA! TO SACRIFICE1 EV5 = ! SAKE ( P>TY DISCIPL9E4 ,HE DEPLOR$ ! SUPPRESSION ( CRITICISM BY ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,COMMUNI/S :O V5TUR$ AN 9DEP5D5T OP9ION1 HE PROTE/$1 W]E /IGMATIZ$ AS H]ETICS & C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES4 0,Y\ ?9K Y\ >E SM>T] ?AN LL'I*60 !Y W]E TOLD4 ,AS ,MIASNIKOV1 9 SPITE ( REPEAT$ W>N+S1 CONT9U$ TO SPEAK \T1 O!R DISGRUNTL$ VOICES JO9$ 94 ,9 E>LY #a#i#b#a1 ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,PETROGRAD WAS 9 F]M5T4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y1 FACTORY AFT] FACTORY W5T \T ON /RIKE1 & P>TY SPOKESM5 W]E (T5 B>R$ FROM WORK]S' MEET+S4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! MON?1 ! CITY WAS ON ! V]GE ( A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,!N1 9 ,M>*1 CAME ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS DEEPLY AFFECT$4 ,UNLIKE ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,C5TRALI/S & ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 HE REFUS$ TO D5\NCE ! 9SURG5TS4 ,NOR W\LD HE HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 !IR SUPPRESSION HAD HE BE5 CALL$ UPON TO DO SO4 ,= HE ATTRIBUT$ ! RIS+ TO 0! REGIME )9 ! P>TY40 0IF SOMEONE D>ES TO HAVE ! C\URAGE ( HIS CONVICTIONS10 ,MIASNIKOV DECL>$1 HE IS EI!R A SELF-SEEK] OR1 WORSE1 A C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y1 A ,M5%EVIK OR AN ,S,R4 ,SU* WAS ! CASE ) ,KRON/ADT4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS NICE & QUIET4 ,!N SUDD5LY1 )\T A WORD1 IT HITS Y\ 9 ! FACE3 0,:AT IS ,KRON/ADT8 ,A FEW HUNDR$ ,COMMUNI/S >E FI<T+ AGA9/ US40 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,:O IS TO BLAME IF ! RUL+ CIRCLES HAVE NO COMMON LANGUAGE NOT ONLY ) ! NONP>TY MASSES BUT ) RANK&-F'ILE ,COMMUNI/S8 ,SO MU* DO !Y MISUND]/& ONE ANO!R ?AT !Y REA* = !IR WEAPONS4 ,:AT !N IS ?IS8 ,IT IS ! BR9K1 ! ABYSS4 

,CLE>LY IT HAD BE5 A MI/AKE TO BR+ ,MIASNIKOV TO ,PETROGRAD4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 RECOGNIZ+ ITS ]ROR1 ORD]$ HIM TO RETURN TO ! ,URALS4 ,MIASNIKOV COMPLI$4 ,BACK ON NATIVE GR\NDS1 H[EV]1 HE RESUM$ HIS AGITATION1 /IRR+ UP A HORNET'S NE/ 9 ! LOCAL P>TY ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#b#a1 MOREOV]1 HE EXPLOD$ A BOMB%ELL 9 ! =M ( A MEMOR&UM TO !1,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 CALL+ = SWEEP+ RE=M4 ,A CRU%+ 9DICTM5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]S1 !IR !ORIES & ME?ODS1 ! MEMOR&UM DEM&$ ! ABOLITION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 ! LIQUIDATION ( BUREAUCRATIC =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 & ! TRANSF] ( 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION TO PRODUC]S' ,SOVIETS-1 IT C\NT]POIS$ REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE TO ! EXP$I5TS PROMOT$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 

,! MO/ /RIK+ DEM& ( ! MEMOR&UM WAS = UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS4 ,CRITICIZ+ ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS = /IFL+ DEBATE1 ,MIASNIKOV CALL$ = FRE$OM ( ! PRESS = EV]YONE1 0FROM MON>*I/S TO AN>*I/S 9CLUSIVE10 AS HE PUT IT1  A PHRASE ?AT W\LD REV]B]ATE ?R\< ! POLEMICS ?AT FOLL[$4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS ! ONLY ,BOL%EVIK TO MAKE SU* A DEM&4 ,HE SAW FRE$OM ( ! PRESS AS ! ONLY MEANS ( CURB+ ! ABUSIVE T5D5CIES ( P[] & ( MA9TA9+ HONE/Y & EFFICI5CY )9 ! P>TY4 ,NO GOV]NM5T1 HE REALIZ$1 C\LD AVOID ]ROR & CORRUPTION :5 CRITICAL VOICES W]E SIL5C$4 

,9 ! ,URALS1 MEAN:ILE1 ,MIASNIKOV WAG$ A VIGOR\S CAMPAIGN TO BR+ HIS IDEAS BE=E ! WORK]S4 ,AGA9 & AGA9 HE SPOKE \T AGA9/ ! DICTATORIAL BEHAVIOR ( P>TY (FICIALS & ! GR[+ CONC5TRATION ( AU?ORITY AT ! C5T]4 ,TO PREV5T ! SITUATION FROM GETT+ WORSE1 HE APPEAL$ = ! IMM$IATE REVIVAL ( DEMOCRACY )9 ! P>TY & A GREAT] MEASURE ( AUTONOMY = ! ,SOVIETS4 ,HE W>N$ ?AT ! DISPLACEM5T ( ! ,SOVIETS BY ! P>TY APP>ATUS1 COMB9$ ) ! T5D5CY T[>DS C5TRALIZATION )9 ! P>TY1 PRES5T$ A DANG] TO ! REALIZATION ( SOCIALISM4 

,MIASNIKOV'S CRITICISMS K9DL$ A REVOLT )9 ! ,URALS P>TY ORGANIZATION4 ,A MAN ( MAGNETIC *>ACT] & OBVI\S S9C]ITY1 HE WON A FOLL[+ 9 BO? ,P]M' & ,MOTOVILIKHA1 CAULDRONS ( PROLET>IAN DISCONT5T4 ,! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIK (FICIALS BECAME AL>M$4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#b#a1 %ORTLY AFT] ,MIASNIKOV DISPAT*$ HIS MEMOR&UM TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,P]M' ,PROV9CIAL ,COMMITTEE =BADE HIM TO PROPAGATE HIS VIEWS AT P>TY MEET+S4 ,BUT ,MIASNIKOV REFUS$ TO DESI/4 ,ON ,JUNE #ba HE SPOKE AT A PROV9CIAL P>TY CONF]5CE 9 ,P]M'1 *A/IZ+ BO? ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE & ! ,PROV9CIAL ,COMMITTEE4#b#i ,A MON? LAT]1 ON ,JULY #b#g1 HE W5T EV5 FUR!R1 PUBLI%+ A PAMPHLET CALL$ ,BOL'NYE VOPROSY 7,VEX$ ,QUE/IONS71 9 :I* HE REIT]AT$ ! DEM&S ( HIS MEMOR&UM1 ABOVE ALL = FRE$OM ( CRITICISM4 0,! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T10 HE BOLDLY DECL>$1 0%\LD MA9TA9 DETRACTORS AT ITS [N EXP5SE1 AS DID ! ,ROMAN EMP]ORS40  ,MEAN:ILE ! ,P]M' ,COMMITTEE HAD NOT BE5 IDLE1 ,FOLL[+ ,MIASNIKOV'S SPEE* ( ,JUNE #b#a1 IT APPEAL$ TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE TO 9VE/IGATE HIS CONDUCT4 ,ON ,JULY #b#i1 TWO DAYS AFT] ! APPE>ANCE ( ,BOT'NYE VOPROSY1 ! ,ORGBURO =M$ A SPECIAL COMMISSION1 CONSI/+ ( ,BUKH>91 ,P4 ,A4 ,ZILUISKY1 & ,A4 ,A4 ,SOL'TS1 TO TOOK 9TO ! MATT]4  ,BUKH>9 F\ND ,MIASNIKOV'S MEMOR&UM ( SUFFICI5T 9T]E/ TO PASS ON TO ,L594 ,?US IT WAS ?AT ,L59 BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ! AFFAIR4 

,L59 GLANC$ OV] ! MEMOR&UM4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #a1 HE WROTE ,MIASNIKOV A BRIEF NOTE1 9VIT+ HIM TO ! ,KREML9 = A TALK4 ,:AT K9D ( FRE$OM DO Y\ WANT8 ,L59 ASK$4 ,= ,S,RS & ,M5%EVIKS8 ,ALL AT ONCE8 ,9 Y\R MEMOR&UM IT IS NOT CLE>4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #e1 ,L59 FOLL[$ ?IS UP ) A LONG LETT]4 ,BY !N HE HAD READ BO? ! MEMOR&UM & ,BOT'NYE VOPROSY4 ,HE SAW SOME TRU? 9 ,MIASNIKOV'S CRITICISMS4 ,! MAN1 ?\< NAIVE1 WAS PLA9LY S9C]E4 ,HE WAS ALSO AN ,OLD ,BOL%EVIK1 A VET]AN ( CZ>I/ PRISONS1 A H]O ( ! REVOLUTION & ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,L59 FELT HE [$ HIM A REPLY4 ,HE HOP$1 AT ! SAME TIME1 TO BR+ HIM TO HEEL4 ,ADDRESS+ HIM AS 0,COMRADE ,MIASNIKOV0 & CLOS+ 0) COMMUNI/ GREET+S10 HIS TONE WAS FRI5DLY BUT FIRM4 ,LIKE A S*OOLMA/]1 HE SPOKE N[ SYMPA!TICALLY1 N[ CONDESC5D+LY1 TO HIS WAYW>D PUPIL4 

,FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 ,L59 S\<T TO CONV9CE ,MIASNIKOV1 W\LD1 UND] EXI/+ CIRCUM/ANCES1 /R5G!N ! =CES ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,L59 REJECT$ 0FRE$OM0 9 ! AB/RACT4 ,FRE$OM = :OM8 HE DEM&$4 ,UND] :AT CONDITIONS8 ,= :I* CLASS8 0,WE DO NOT BELIEVE 9 'ABSOLUTES4' ,WE LAU< AT 'PURE DEMOCRACY40' ,FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 ,L59 MA9TA9$1 W\LD MEAN 0FRE$OM ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION = ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS MO/ LOYAL S]VANTS1 ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,S,RS40 ,! CAPITALI/S >E /ILL /RONG1 HE >GU$1 /RONG] ?AN ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,!Y MEAN TO CRU% US4 ,TO GIVE !M FRE$OM ( ! PRESS W\LD FACILITATE ?IS TASK4 ,BUT WE WILL NOT DO IT4 ,WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( COMMITT+ SUICIDE4  ,FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 ACCORD+ TO ,L591 WAS A 0NONP>TY1 ANTIPROLET>IAN SLOGAN40 ,L59 ATTRIBUT$ ,MIASNIKOV'S ESP\SAL ( IT TO A FAILURE ( N]VE COMB9$ ) AN 9ABILITY TO GRASP ,M>XI/ !ORY4 ,F> FROM ADOPT+ A CLASS ANALYSIS1 ,MIASNIKOV HAD MADE A 0S5TIM5TAL0 APPRAISAL ( ! EXI/+ CRISIS4 ,CONFRONT$ ) ADV]SITY1 HE HAD SUCCUMB$ TO PANIC & DESPAIR4 ,L59 URG$ ,MIASNIKOV TO PULL HIMSELF TOGE!R1 TO CALM D[N & ?9K ?+S OV]4 ,AFT] SOB] REFLECTION1 ,L59 HOP$1 HE W\LD RECOGNIZE HIS ]RORS & RETURN TO USEFUL P>TY WORK4 

,MIASNIKOV WAS NOT CONV9C$ BY ,L59'S >GUM5TS4 ,HE DRAFT$ A /RONG REPLY4 ,REM9D+ ,L59 ( HIS REVOLUTION>Y CR$5TIALS1 HE WROTE3 0,Y\ SAY ?AT ,I WANT FRE$OM ( ! PRESS = ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,I WANT FRE$OM ( ! PRESS = MYSELF1 A PROLET>IAN1 A MEMB] ( ! P>TY = FIFTE5 YE>S10 & NOT ABROAD BUT 9SIDE ,RUSSIA1 FAC+ DANG] & >RE/4 ,MIASNIKOV TOLD ( HIS EXP]I5CE 9 CZ>I/ PRISONS1 HIS HUNG] /RIKES1 BEAT+S1 & ESCAPES4 ,SURELY HE HAD E>N$ A LITTLE FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 0)9 ! P>TY AT LEA/4 ,OR IS IT ?AT ,I MU/ TAKE MY LEAVE AS SOON AS ,I DISAGREE ) Y\ 9 ! EVALUATION ( SOCIAL =CES80 ,IF SO1 ?IS IS A CRUDE WAY ( SETTL+ DIFF]5CES4 ,Y\ SAY1 ,MIASNIKOV W5T ON1 ?AT ! JAWS ( ! B\RGEOISIE MU/ BE CRACK$4 

0,! TR\BLE IS ?AT1 :ILE Y\ RAISE Y\R H& AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/1 Y\ DEAL A BL[ TO ! WORK]4 ,Y\ KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT = SU* WORDS AS ,I AM N[ UTT]+ HUNDR$S1 P]HAPS ?\S&S1 ( WORK]S >E LANGUI%+ 9 PRISON4 ,?AT ,I MYSELF REMA9 AT LIB]TY IS ONLY BECAUSE ,I AM A VET]AN ,COMMUNI/1 HAVE SUFF]$ = MY BELIEFS1 & AM KN[N AMONG ! MASS ( WORK]S4 ,W]E IT NOT = ?IS1 W]E ,I JU/ AN ORD9>Y ME*ANIC FROM ! SAME FACTORY1 :]E W\LD ,I BE N[8 ,9 A ,*EKA PRISON OR1 MORE LIKELY1 MADE TO 'ESCAPE1' JU/ AS ,I MADE ,MIKHAIL ,ROMANOV 'ESCAPE4' ,ONCE MORE ,I SAY3 ,Y\ RAISE Y\R H& AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT IT IS ,I :O AM SPITT+ BLOOD1 & IT IS WE1 ! WORK]S1 :OSE JAWS >E BE+ CRACK$40 

,AT ?IS ,L59 BROKE (F ! CORRESPOND5CE4 ,ON ,AUGU/ ,I #a1 HE S5T A TELEGRAM TO ! ,P]M' ,PROV9CIAL ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 REQUE/+ ?AT HIS LETT] TO ,MIASNIKOV1 TOGE!R ) ,MIASNIKOV'S MEMOR&UM & ,BOL'NYE VOPROSY1 BE READ BE=E ITS MEMB]S1 AS WELL AS BE=E ! ,MOTOVILIKHA ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE4 ,L59'S PURPOSE1 IT SEEMS CLE>1 WAS TO DEMON/RATE ! UNREASONABL5ESS ( ,MIASNIKOV'S POSITION & TO JU/IFY ! P>TY'S EF=TS TO CURB HIM4 ,MIASNIKOV1 H[EV]1 W\LD NOT BE SUBDU$4 ,9 MID-,AUGU/ HE /AG$ A WALK\T ( ! ,MOTOVILIKHA DELEGATION FROM A P>TY CONF]5CE 9 ,P]M'1 H&+ A NOTE ( PROTE/ TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 :I* HAD BE5 TRY+ TO SIL5CE HIM4 

,?IS ACTION SEAL$ ,MIASNIKOV'S FATE4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #b#b1 ! ,ORGBURO ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 HAV+ HE>D ! REPORT ( ! COMMISSION LOOK+ 9TO ,MIASNIKOV'S ACTIVITIES1 PRON\NC$ HIS VIEWS 09COMPATIBLE ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! P>TY0 & =BADE HIM TO DISSEM9ATE !M AT FUTURE GA!R+S4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS SUMMON$ TO ,MOSC[ & PLAC$ UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,YET EV5 N[ HE REFUS$ TO YIELD4 ,9 DEFIANCE ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 HE RETURN$ TO ! ,URALS & RESUM$ HIS AGITATION4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ HE APPE>$ BE=E A G5]AL MEET+ ( ,MOTOVILIKHA P>TY MEMB]S & SUCCE$$ 9 W9N+ !M OV] TO HIS SIDE4 ,ADOPT+ A RESOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,ORGBURO'S C5SURE ( ,MIASNIKOV1 !Y BR&$ HIS TRANSF] TO ,MOSC[ A =M ( 0BANI%M5T0 & DEM&$ ?AT HE BE ALL[$ 0FULL FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS )9 ! P>TY40 

,ASS]T+ HIS RI<T ( FREE EXPRESSION1 ,MIASNIKOV1 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#a1 PUBLI%$ 9 PAMPHLET =M HIS MEMOR&UM TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE TOGE!R ) ,BOL'NYE VOPROSY1 ,L59'S LETT] ( ,AUGU/ #e1 HIS REPLY TO IT1 ! ,ORGBURO'S DECISION ( ,AUGU/ #b#b1 & ! RESOLUTION ( ! ,MOTOVILIKHA P>TY ORGANIZATION AGA9/ ?IS DECISION4 ,LABEL$ 0= P>TY MEMB]S ONLY0 & PR9T$ 9 ONLY #e COPIES1 ! PAMPHLET WAS 9T5D$ BY ,MIASNIKOV NOT AS A *>T] ( REBELLION BUT AS A VEHICLE = ! DISCUSSION ( HIS VIEWS 9 ADVANCE ( ! ,ELEV5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 S*$UL$ TO MEET ! FOLL[+ SPR+4 ,MIASNIKOV1 AT ! SAME TIME1 S\<T TO RALLY HIS SUPPORT]S 9 ,MOTOVILIKHA & ,P]M' BEH9D HIS PROGRAM4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#e1 MOREOV]1 HE WROTE TO ,B4 ,A4,KURZHN]1 A SYMPA?IZ] 9 ,PETROGRAD1 URG+ A CAMPAIGN ( AGITATION 9 PREP>ATION = ! P>TY CONGRESS4 0,WE MU/ UNITE ALL DISSID5T ELEM5TS 9 ! P>TY UND] A S+LE BANN]10 HE DECL>$4 ,BY N[ ,MIASNIKOV WAS BE+ WAT*$ BY ! ,*EKA1 & HIS LETT] TO ,KURZHN] WAS 9T]CEPT$4 ,= ,L591 ?IS WAS ! LA/ /RAW4 ,HAV+ SUPPRESS$ ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ) NO SMALL DIFFICULTY1 HE FE>$ ! EM]G5CE ( YET ANO!R GR\P )9 ! P>TY CLAIM+ TO REPRES5T ! TRUE 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT4 0,WE MU/ DEVOTE GREAT] ATT5TION TO ,MIASNIKOV'S AGITATION10 HE WROTE TO ,MOLOTOV ON ,DECEMB] #e1 0& TO REPORT ON IT TO ! ,POLITBURO TWICE A MON?40  ,TO DEAL ) ,MIASNIKOV1 MEAN:ILE1 ! ,ORGBURO =M$ A NEW COMMISSION1 ( :I* ,MOLOTOV1 HIMSELF A NATIVE ( ,P]M'1 S]V$ AS A MEMB]4 

,!RE N[ BEGAN = ,MIASNIKOV TRIBULATIONS ?AT NEV] 5D$4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#e1 #a#i#b#b1 ! ,ORGBURO COMMISSION1 HAV+ COMPLET$ ITS 9VE/IGATION1 RECOMM5D$ HIS EXPULSION FROM ! P>TY4 ,?IS RECOMM5DATION WAS REF]R$ TO ! ,POLITBURO1 :I*1 ON ,FEBRU>Y #b1 DECL>$ ,MIASNIKOV EXPELL$ = 0REPEAT$ VIOLATIONS ( P>TY DISCIPL9E10 & ESPECIALLY = ATTEMPT+ TO ORGANIZE A FACTION )9 ! P>TY1 CONTR>Y TO ! RESOLUTION ON P>TY UNITY PASS$ BY ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS4 ,! ,POLITBURO1 H[EV]1 ADD$ ! PROVISO ?AT1 %\LD ,MIASNIKOV RE=M HIS WAYS1 HE MI<T APPLY = READMISSION AFT] A YE>4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME1 !N1 ! P5ALTY PRESCRIB$ BY ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS = FACTIONALISM HAD BE5 IMPOS$4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 MOREOV]1 EXCEPT = ?AT ( ,S4 ,A4 ,LOZOVSKY 9 #a#i#a#h1 :O WAS RE9/AT$ ! NEXT YE>1 :]E ,L59 ACTUALLY EXPELL$ A WELL-KN[N ,BOL%EVIK ( LONG /&+4 

,! FOLL[+ DAY1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 #a#i#b#b1 ,L59 9/RUCT$ ,KAM5EV & ,/AL9 TO PUBLI% HIS LETT] TO ,MIASNIKOV1 OR AT LEA/ SUB/ANTIAL EXTRACTS1 TO %[ ?AT1 BE=E EXPELL+ ,MIASNIKOV0 HE HAD 5DEAVOR$ TO REASON ) HIM4 ,= !RE WAS /ILL WIDESPREAD RELUCTANCE )9 ! P>TY TO TAKE EXTREME MEASURES AGA9/ VET]AN MEMB]S1 ESPECIALLY ONE ) ,MIASNIKOV'S REPUTATION = C\RAGE & D$ICATION4 ,L59 HIMSELF %>$ !SE HESITATIONS1 ,YET HIS PATI5CE ) ,MIASNIKOV HAD BE5 EXHAU/$4 ,RUSSIA /OOD ALONE 9 A HO/ILE WORLD1 SURR\ND$ BY 5EMIES ON ALL SIDES4 ,! HOP$-= REVOLUTION HAD NOT ]UPT$ 9 ! ',WE/4 ,9 SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 ,L59 FELT1 TO CRITICIZE ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 TO CALL = DEMOCRATIC PROC$URE1 WAS TO PLAY 9TO ! H&S ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 IF ,MIASNIKOV'S DEM&S W]E GRANT$1 IF FRE$OM ( ! PRESS & FREE ELECTIONS TO ! SOVIETS W]E P]MITT$1 ! P>TY W\LD BE SWEPT FROM P[] & A REACTION 9EVITABLY FOLL[1 ( :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,MIASNIKOV 9CLUD$1 W\LD BE ! FIR/ VICTIMS4 ,SU* WAS ,L59'S POSITION4 ,= ,MIASNIKOV1 ,L59'S 0DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION0 WAS 9 REALITY ! DEF5SE ( ! LEAD]%IP'S MONOPOLY TO P[]4 ,9 ,L59'S DEM& = P>TY UNITY HE SAW AN EXCUSE TO SIL5CE DISS5T4 ,MIASNIKOV P]SI/$ 9 HIS CRITICISMS4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#f1 #a#i#b#b1 LESS ?AN A WEEK AFT] HIS EXPULSION FROM ! P>TY1 HE JO9$ A GR\P ( DISS5T]S1 9CLUD+ ,%LIAPNIKOV1 ,M$V$EV1 & ,KOLLONTAI ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 9 FIL+ A PETITION ) ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS PETITION1 KN[N AS ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO1 WAS P>TLY OCCASION$ BY ,MIASNIKOV'S EXCOMMUNICATION4 ,9 /RONG T]MS IT D5\NC$ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE = MUZZL+ CRITICISM1 FL\T+ WORK]S' DEMOCRACY1 & ADMITT+ NONWORK]S 9TO ! P>TY 9 SU* NUMB]S AS TO ALT] ITS PROLET>IAN *>ACT]S4 ,ON ,M>* #d1 AT ! RECOMM5DATION ( A SPECIAL COMMISSION :OSE MEMB]S 9CLUD$ ,VASIL ,KOL>OV ( ,BULG>IA1 ,CL>A ,ZETK9 ( ,G]MANY1 & ,M>CEL ,CA*9 ( ,FRANCE1 ! ,COM9T]N ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE PRON\NC$ !SE COMPLA9TS UNF\ND$4 ,UPHOLD+ ,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 IT REJECT$ ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY ,TWO AS A 0WEAPON AGA9/ ! P>TY & ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP40  ,AT HOME ,MIASNIKOV HAD ALSO BE5 BUSY4 ,9 HIS FACTORY AT ,MOTOVILIKHA HE SECUR$ ! ELECTION ( A NEW WORK]S' COMMITTEE1 ) AN ANTI-,L59I/ MAJORITY4 ,A G5]AL MEET+ ( ! ,MOTOVILIKHA P>TY ORGANIZATION1 APP>5TLY AT HIS 9/IGATION1 PASS$ A RESOLUTION 5DORS+ ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO1 & ONE P>TY CELL1 ON ,M>* #b#b1 ISSU$ A D5UNCIATION ( B\RGEOIS MANAG]S & 0BUREAUCRATIC RUL]S40 

,MATT]S CAME TO A HEAD AT ! ,ELEV5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 :I*1 OP5+ ON ,M>* #b#g1 WAS ! LA/ 9 :I* ,L59 P>TICIPAT$4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS %>PLY TAK5 TO TASK2 ,MOLOTOV1 ,TROTSKY1 & ,L59 ALL SPOKE AGA9/ HIM4 ,= SIX MON?S1 COMPLA9$ ,MOLOTOV1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE HAD 5GAG$ 9 0TALKS1 CONSULTATIONS1 EX*ANGES ( VIEWS0 ) ,MIASNIKOV1 9 AN EF=T TO P]SUADE HIM TO ACCEPT ! 0G5]AL P>TY L9E40 ,ALL 9 VA94 ,MOLOTOV CALL$ = A PURGE ( ! P>TY TO REMOVE SU* 0UN/ABLE0 ELEM5TS FROM ITS RANKS4 ,TROTSKY1 ACT+ AS *IEF PROSECUT+ ATTORNEY1 LA%$ \T AT ,MIASNIKOV = GIV+ AID & COM=T TO ! 5EMY4 ,IT WAS NO ACCID5T1 HE DECL>$1 ?AT ! ,POLI% GOV]NM5T HAD BROADCA/ EXTRACTS FROM ,MIASNIKOV'S PAMPHLET1 OR ?AT ,*]NOV1 ,MILIUKOV1 & ,M>TOV HAD QUOT$ IT 9 !IR NEWSPAP] $ITORIALS4 ,SU* ANTIP>TY TRACTS -,KOLLONTAI'S ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION WAS ANO!R-PROVID$ GRI/ TO ! MILL ( ?OSE :O W\LD AGA9 RAISE ! BANN] ( ,KRON/ADT -- 0ONLY ( ,KRON/ADT60  ,L591 SPEAK+ AFT] ,TROTSKY1 ACKN[L$G$ ! RI<T ( ! SIGN]S ( ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO TO PETITION ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL2 !Y HAD NO RI<T1 HE 9SI/$1 TO PROTE/ 9 BEHALF ( ,MIASNIKOV1 :O HAD VIOLAT$ ! DECISIONS ( ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS4 ,L59 H>K$ BACK TO HIS CORRESPOND5CE ) ,MIASNIKOV3 0,I SAW ?AT ! MAN HAD ABILITY1 ?AT IT WAS WOR?:ILE TO TALK ?+S OV] ) HIM4 ,BUT ONE HAD TO TELL ! MAN ?AT IF HE P]SI/$ 9 CRITICIZ+ 9 ! SAME VE9 IT W\LD NOT BE TOL]AT$40 

,MIASNIKOV F\ND NO DEF5D]S AT ! COTIGRESS4 ,BUT ONE DELEGATE1 ,V4 ,V4 ,KOSIOR1 >GU$ ?AT ,L59 HAD TAK5 ! WRONG APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION ( DISS5T4 ,IF SOMEONE1 SAID ,KCISIOR1 HAD ! C\RAGE TO PO9T \T DEFICI5CIES 9 P>TY WORK1 HE WAS M>K$ D[N AS AN OPPOSITIONI/1 RELIEV$ ( AU?ORITY1 PLAC$ UND] SURVEILLANCE1 &-A REF]5CE TO ,MIASNIKOV-EV5 EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY4 ,! P>TY1 ,KOSIOR1 W>N$1 WAS ALI5AT+ ITSELF FROM ! WORK]S4 

,FOLL[+ ,KOSIOR1 ,%LIAPNIKOV & ,M$V$EV ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION DEF5D$ ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO1 ,!Y HAD GONE TO ! ,COM9T]N1 !Y EXPLA9$1 BECAUSE ! LEAD]%IP HAD REJECT$ !IR COMPLA9TS4 ,!Y HAD NOT =M$ A SEP>ATE FACTION1 !Y 9SI/$1 NOR LAUN*$ A CONSPIRACY AGA9/ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,A PRIVATE MEET+ HAD BE5 HELD1 ,M$V$EV ADMITT$1 TO DRAW UP ! APPEAL4 0,MIASNIKOV WAS !RE ) YIDU10 A VOICE 9T]RUPT$ FROM ! FLOOR4 ,YES1 ACKN[L$G$ ,M$V$EV1 BUT \R AIM WAS TO RE=M ! P>TY1 NOT TO DIVIDE IT4 

,! CONGRESS1 FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,COM9T]N1 SET UP A COMMISSION1 CONSI/+ ( ,DZ]ZH9SKY1 ,Z9OVIEV1 & ,/AL91 TO 9VE/IGATE ! MATT]4 ,ON ,APRIL #b1 ! LA/ DAY ( ! CONGRESS1 ! COMMISSION DELIV]$ ITS REPORT 9 CLOS$ SESSION4 ,F9D+ ! SIGN]S ( ! APPEAL GUILTY ( ORGANIZ+ A FACTION1 IT RECOMM5D$ ! EXPULSION FROM ! P>TY ( FIVE ( !IR NUMB]1 ,%LIAPNIKOV1 ,M$V$EV1 & ,KOLLONTAI1 ALONG ) TWO LESS]-KN[N ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITIONI/S1 ,F4 ,A4 ,MIT9 & ,N4 ,V4 ,KUZNETSOV4 ,! CONGRESS1 H[EV]1 *OSE TO EXPEL ONLY ,M99 & ,KUZNETSOV1 LETT+ ! FIR/ ?REE (F ) A W>N+4  ,MIASNIKOV DID NOT GO UNMOLE/$4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! CONGRESS HE WAS TAK5 9TO CU/ODY BY ! ,G,P,U1 BECOM+ ! FIR/ PROM95T ,COMMUNI/ POLITICAL PRISON] 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,NOR WAS ?IS ALL4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( HIS >RE/ AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO 0ESCAPE0 HIM1 AS HE HAD =ETOLD 9 HIS LETT] TO ,L594 ,SOMEH[ ! S*EME MISC>RI$3 ?REE %OTS W]E FIR$ AT HIM1 BUT !Y FAIL$ TO F9D !IR M>K4 ,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 AS SOON AS HE WAS PLAC$ BEH9D B>S1 ,MIASNIKOV DECL>$ A HUNG] /RIKE1 AS HE HAD PREVI\SLY DONE UND] ! CZ>4 ,TWELVE DAYS LAT] HE WAS RELEAS$4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ,MIASNIKOV REMA9$ UND] CONT9U\S SURVEILLANCE4 ,( HIS ACTIVITIES DUR+ ! REMA9D] ( #a#i#b#b1 NO?+ IS KN[N4 ,BY E>LY #a#i#b#c1 H[EV]1 HE WAS ONCE AGA9 9 TR\BLE ) ! AU?ORITIES4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS N[ LIV+ 9 ,MOSC[4 ,A YE> HAD PASS$ S9CE HIS \/] FROM ! P>TY &1 FOLL[+ ! /IPULATION 9 ! EXPULSION ORD]1 HE PETITION$ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE = READMISSION4 ,HIS REQUE/ WAS D5I$4 ,MIASNIKOV !REUPON APPEAL$ TO ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COM9T]N1 :I*1 ON ,M>* #b#g1 #a#i#b#c1 RUL$4 ?AT1 F> FROM HAV+ M5D$ HIS WAYS1 HE HAD CONT9U$ TO UTT] OP9IONS ( :I* AN 0AG5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE SEEK+ TO CREATE A S*ISM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY0 W\LD APPROVE4 

,MIASNIKOV HAD 9 FACT GONE EV5 FUR!R4 ,9 ! OP5+ WEEKS ( #a#i#b#c1 HE HAD1 AS ,L59 HAD ALL ALONG FE>$1 ORGANIZ$ A CL&E/9E OPPOSITION4 ,CALL+ IT1 DESPITE HIS EXPULSION1 ! 0,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY10 HE CLAIM$ ?AT IT1 & NOT ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP1 REPRES5T$ ! AU!NTIC VOICE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,JO9+ H&S 9 ! V5TURE W]E ,P4 ,B4 ,MOISEEV1 A ,BOL%EVIK S9CE #a#i#a#d1 & ,N4 ,V4 ,KUZNETSOV1 ! =M] ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITIONI/ :O1 WE HAVE SE51 HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY AT ! ,ELEV5? ,CONGRESS = HIS ROLE 9 ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO4 ,! ?REE M51 ALL WORK]S1 CON/ITUT$ !MSELVES AS ! 0,PROVISIONAL ,C5TRAL ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,BUREAU0 ( ! GR\P1 ( :I* ,MIASNIKOV WAS ! ACTUAL F\ND] & GUID+ SPIRIT4 ,!IR FIR/ ACT1 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#c1 WAS TO DRAW UP A /ATEM5T ( PR9CIPLES 9 ANTICIPATION ( ! ,TWELF? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 S*$UL$ TO ASSEMBLE 9 ,APRIL4 ,?IS TOOK ! =M ( A L5G?Y DOCUM5T1 ! 0,MANIFE/O ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY10 BAS$ ON AN UNPUBLI%$ PAMPHLET BY ,MIASNIKOV CALL$ ,TREYOZHNYE VOPROSY 7,AL>M+ ,QUE/IONS71 ITSELF AN UPDAT$ V]SION ( HIS #aiba MEMOR&UM & ,BOL'NW VOPROSY4 ,MIASNIKOV WAS ?US ! PR9CIPAL AU?OR ( ! MANIFE/O1 ,KUZNETSOV & ,MOISEEV CONF9+ !MSELVES TO $ITORIAL REVISION4 

,! MANIFE/O RECAPITULAT$ ! PROGRAM ( ,MIASNIKOV'S E>LI] WRIT+S3 WORK]S' SELF-DET]M9ATION & SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ! REMOVAL ( B\RGEOIS SPECIALI/S FROM POSITIONS ( AU?ORITY1 FRE$OM ( DISCUSSION )9 ! P>TY1 & ! ELECTION ( NEW SOVICTS C5T]$ 9 ! FACTORIES4 ,AS BE=E1 ,MIASNIKOV PROTE/$ AGA9/ ADM9I/RATIVE HI<H&$NESS1 ! EXP&+ BUREAUCRACY1 ! PR$OM9ANCE ( NONWORK]S )9 ! P>TY1 & ! SUPPRESSION ( LOCAL 9ITIATIVE & DEBATE4 ,HE *>G$ ?AT ! P>TY LEAD]%IP HAD NO CONFID5CE 9 ! WORK]S1 9 :OSE NAME IT PR(ESS$ TO RULE4 

,!RE W]E1 H[EV]1 SOME *ANGES4 ,= ONE ?+1 ,MIASNIKOV'S VIEW ( CIVIL LIB]TIES HAD N>R[$ S9CE #a#i#b#a4 ,:ILE FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS REMA9$ A HI< PRIORITY1 IT WAS TO BE LIMIT$ TO MANUAL WORK]S4 0,LET ! B\RGEOISIE KEEP QUIET10 DECL>$ ! MANIFE/O1 0BUT :O W\LD D>E CONTE/ ! RI<T ( FREE SPEE* = ! PROLET>IAN1 :O HAS DEF5D$ HIS P[] ) HIS BLOOD80 ,AS = PR(ESSORS1 LAWY]S1 & DOCTORS1 ! BE/ POLICY WAS TO 0BA% !IR FACES 9 40  ,MIASNIKOV1 FUR!RMORE1 D5\NC$ ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY1 9AUGURAT$ 9 #a#i#b#a1 AS AN AB&ONM5T ( ! GOALS ( ,OCTOB] & A SELL\T TO ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! PROLIF]ATION ( BUREAUCRATS & 5TREPR5EURS1 ) WIDE SCOPE = PR(ITE]+ & CORRUPTION1 FILL$ HIM ) DISGU/4 ,IT WAS A HATEFUL & UNBE>ABLE SI<T1 A SYMBOL ( ! DET]IORATION ( ! REVOLUTION1 ( ! DECAY ( ! SOCIALI/ IDEAL4 ,9 SPITE ( ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE [N]%IP1 ! WOR/ FEATURES ( CAPITALISM HAD BE5 PRES]V$3 WAGE SLAV]Y1 DIFF]5CES ( 9COME & /ATUS1 HI]>*ICAL AU?ORITY1 BUREAUCRATISM4 ,! 9ITIALS 0,N,E,P10 ASS]T$ ! MANIFE/O1 /OOD = 0,NEW ,EXPLOITATION ( ! ,PROLET>IAT40 

,P>T ,TWO 

,= ,MIASNIKOV ! ,N,E,P HAD COME AS A %OCK4 ,HE VIEW$ IT AS A CONT9UATION ( ! RETREAT FROM SOCIALISM BEGUN DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,ITS ROOTS C\LD BE TRAC$ TO ! ,N9? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 :I* HAD 5DORS$ ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & ! EMPLOYM5T ( TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S4 ,BY ?IS ACTION1 AS ,MIASNIKOV SAW IT1 ,L59 HAD DEPRIV$ ! WORK]S ( !IR MO/ FUNDAM5TAL REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/1 ! *IEF LEV] ) :I* TO ADVANCE !IR CAUSE4 0,! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY S9CE ! ,N9? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY10 DECL>$ ! MANIFE/O1 HAD BE5 C>RI$ =W>D 9 A 0PURELY BUREAUCRATIC WAY0 & 0)\T ! DIRECT P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS40  ,! MANIFE/O DEM&$ ?AT ! ADM9I/RATION ( 9DU/RY BE TURN$ OV] TO ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 BEG9N+ ) ! WORK]S 9 EA* FACTORY4 ,IT D5\NC$ ! BUREAUCRATS & APPORAT*IKI = :OM SU* WORDS AS 0SOLID>ITY0 & 0BRO!RHOOD0 W]E EMPTY %IBBOLE?S & :O W]E CONC]N$ ONLY ) 9CREAS+ !IR PRIVILEGES & P[]4 ,IT ATTACK$ !M AT EV]Y TURN-!IR 9SOL5CE & HYPOCRISY1 !IR CONTEMPT = ORD9>Y WORK]S1 !IR PI\S M\?+ ( SOCIALI/ PHRASES1 BELI$ BY !IR B\RGEOIS AMBITIONS & WAY ( LIFE4 

,9 HIS /RONG ANTI-9TELLECTUAL BIAS1 C\PL$ ) HIS SCORN = MANAG]S & BUREAUCRATS1 ,MIASNIKOV RESEMBL$ ,JAN ,WACLAW ,MA*AJSKI1 A ,POLI% RADICAL :O1 AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 HAD =ESE5 ! EM]G5CE1 9 ! NAME ( SOCIALISM1 ( A NEW CLASS ( 9TELLECTUALS & SPECIALI/S B5T ON RID+ TO P[] ON ! BACKS ( ! WORK]S4  ,MIASNIKOV WAS ?US T>R$ ) ! BRU% ( 0,MAKHAEVISM40  ,!RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT HE HAD EV] HE>D ( ,MA*AJSKI1 MU* LESS BE5 9FLU5C$ BY HIS IDEAS1 BUT ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 !M >E UND5IABLE4 ,= BUREAUCRATS & 9TELLECTUALS ,MIASNIKOV'S CONTEMPT WAS UNBRIDL$4 ,HE BR&$ ! ,BOL%EVIK HI]>*Y AN 0OLIG>*ICAL CA/E10 A 0HI<H&$ BUN* ( 9TELLECTUALS10 A 0MANAG]IAL FRAT]NITY0 ?AT HELD ! RE9S ( 9DU/RY & GOV]NM5T 9 ITS H&S4 ,%\LD ! PRES5T C\RSE CONT9UE1 HE W>N$ 9 ! MANIFE/O1 0WE >E FAC$ ) ! DANG] (' ! TRANS=MATION ( ! PROLET>IAN P[] 9TO ! P[] ( A FIRMLY 5TR5*$ CLIQUE ANIMAT$ BY A DET]M9ATION TO ,PRES]VE BO? POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] 9 ITS H&S-NATURALLY UND] ! GUISE (' ! NOBLE/ PURPOSES3 '9 ! 9T]E/S' ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ( WORLD REVOLUTION1 & O!R L(TY IDEAS60 

,:AT !N WAS TO BE DONE8 ,= ,MIASNIKOV ! DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION C\LD BE HALT$ ONLY BY ! RE/ORATION ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY4 ,HE REMA9$ UN%AKABLE 9 HIS BELIEF 9 ! 9ITIATIVE & CAPACITY ( ! WORK]S1 ! CLASS FROM :I* HE HIMSELF HAD SPRUNG4 ,! DEFECTS ( ! REGIME C\LD NO LONG] BE CORRECT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP4 ,REM$IES1 RA!R1 MU/ COME FROM ! WORK+-CLASS RANK & FILE1 BO? P>TY & NONP>TY4 ,)\T WORK] P>TICIPATION 9 EV]Y >EA1 HE 9SI/$1 ! ATTA9M5T ( SOCIALISM W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,L591 BY CONTRA/1 LACK+ ,MIASNIKOV'S FAI? 9 MASS 9ITIATIVE1 CLUNG TO ADM9I/RATIVE SOLUTIONS1 REJECT+ ANY PROPOSAL ?AT W\LD HAVE ALL[$ A DEMOCRATIC BREEZE TO BL[ ?R\< ! P>TY APP>ATUS4 ,?IS HE CONSID]$ MORE DANG]\S ?AN BUREAUCRATISM ITSELF4 ,HE RELI$1 TO ! V]Y 5D1 ON BUREAUCRATS TO RE=M ! BUREAUCRACY1 SETT+ ONE SECTION ( ! APP>ATUS AGA9/ ANO!R4 

,= ,MIASNIKOV SU* REM$IES W]E WOR?LESS1 AS !Y FAIL$ TO ATTACK ! PROBLEM AT ITS ROOT4 ,REAL RE=M1 HE WAS CONV9C$4 WAS POSSIBLE ONLY FROM BEL[4 ,CALL+ = AN ALL-\T ASSAULT AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 ABROAD AS WELL AS AT HOME1 HE CONDEMN$ ! 0UNIT$ FRONT0 POLICY ADVANC$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 REJECT+ COOP]ATION ) MOD]ATE SOCIALI/S & ! /RUGGLE = LIMIT$ ECONOMIC GA9S4 ,P>TIAL RE=MS1 HE 9SI/$1 C\LD ONLY WEAK5 ! REVOLUTION>Y ELAN ( ! PROLET>IAT & DEFLECT IT FROM ITS MISSION ( OV]?R[+ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 0,! TIME :5 ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD IMPROVE ITS MAT]IAL & LEGAL SITUATION BY /RIKES & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION HAS IRRETRIEVABLY PASS$10 ! MANIFE/O DECL>$4 ,TO PUT AN 5D TO EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION1 ! PROLET>IAT 0MU/ /RUGGLE NOT = ADDITIONAL KOPECKS1 NOT = A %ORT] WORK+ DAY4 ,?AT WAS AT ONE TIME NECESS>Y1 BUT N[ IT IS A /RUGGLE = P[]40 ,NO COMPROMISE ) ! EXI/+ ORD] %\LD BE TOL]AT$4 ,! WORK]S ( ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES MU/ PRESS ON ) A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 NOT 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE1 BUT 0N[1 TODAY1 TOMORR[40 0,S\ND ! AL>M6 ,GA!R = ! BATTLE6 444 ,) ALL \R /R5G? & 5]GY WE MU/ SUMMON ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL C\NTRIES TO A CIVIL W>1 A RU?LESS & BLOODY W>40 

,! BATTLE1 H[EV]1 MU/ BEG9 AT HOME4 ,9 HIS MANIFE/O1 ,MIASNIKOV WOND]$ :E!R ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT MI<T NOT BE COMPELL$ 0TO />T ANEW ! /RUGGLE-& P]HAPS A BLOODY ONE-= ! OV]?R[ ( ! OLIG>*Y40  ,NOT ?AT HE CONTEMPLAT$ AN IMM$IATE 9SURRECTION4 ,HE S\<T1 RA!R1 TO RALLY ! WORK]S1 ,COMMUNI/ & NON-,COMMUNI/1 TO PRESS = ! ELIM9ATION ( BUREAUCRATISM & ! REVIVAL ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY4 ,)9 ! P>TY HE DEF5D$-! RI<T TO =M FACTIONS & DRAW UP PLAT=MS1 ! DECISIONS ( ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS NOT)/&+4 0,IF CRITICISM DOES NOT HAVE A DI/9CT PO9T ( VIEW10 HE WROTE TO ,Z9OVIEV1 0A PLAT=M ON :I* TO RALLY A MAJORITY ( P>TY MEMB]S1 ON :I* TO DEVELOP A NEW POLICY ) REG>D TO ?IS OR ?AT QUE/ION1 !N IT IS NOT REALLY CRITICISM BUT A M]E COLLECTION ( WORDS1 NO?+ BUT *ATT]40  ,MIASNIKOV W5T EV5 FUR!R1 CALL+ 9TO QUE/ION ! V]Y ,BOL%EVIK4 MONOPOLY ( P[]4 ,UND] A S+LE-P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 HE >GU$1 ELECTIONS REMA9$ 0AN EMPTY =MALITY40 ,TO SPEAK ( 0WORK]S' DEMOCRACY0 WTTILE 9SI/-+ ON ONE-P>TY GOV]NM5T1 HE TOLD ,Z9OVIEV1 WAS TO 5TW9E ONESELF 9 A CONTRADICTION1 A 0CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS40 

,SU* W]E ! CONT5TS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P MANIFE/O4 ,BY ! SPR+ ( #aibc IT WAS CIRCULAT+ ILLEGALLY 9 HECTOGRAPH$ =M4 ,COPIES FILT]$ ACROSS ! BORD] 9TO ,POL&1 :]E1 AS ) ,MIASNIKOV'S #aiba MEMOR&UM1 EXC]PTS W]E BROADCA/ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ,B]L9 IT ATTRACT$ ! ATT5TION ( ! ,M5%EVIK COLONY1 :OSE J\RNAL1 ,SOTSIALI/I*ESKII VE/NIK1 HAIL$ ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P AS 0HONE/ ,BOL%EVIK ELEM5TS :O HAVE F\ND ! C\RAGE TO RAISE ! BANN] ( CRITICISM40 

,9SIDE ,RUSSIA1 TOO1 ! MANIFE/O WAS HAV+ ITS EFFECT1 DRAW+ FRE% RECRUITS 9TO ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P4 ,BY SUMM] ! GR\P HAD SOME #c MEMB]S 9 ,MOSC[1 :]E IT WAS C5T]$1 AS WELL AS A SPR9KL+ ( ADH]5TS 9 O!R CITIES4 ,MANY W]E ,OLD ,BOL%EVIKS1 & ALL1 OR NE>LY ALL1 W]E WORK]S4 ,AP>T FROM ! ?REE F\ND]S 7,MIASNIKOV1 ,KUZNETSOV1 & ,MOISEEV71 ITS MO/ ACTIVE MEMB]S W]E ,I4,MAKH1 ,S4 ,IA4 ,TIUNOV1 ,V4 ,P4 ,DEMIDOV1 ,M1 ,K4 ,B]Z9A1 ,I4 ,M4 ,KOTOV1 ,G4,V4,%OKHANOV1 & ,A4 ,I4 ,M$V$EV 7NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITIONI/ ,S4 ,P4 ,M$V$EV74 ,MAKH1 A VET]AN ,BOL%EVIK FROM ,KH>KOV1 HAD BE5 A DELEGATE TO ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS4 ,TIUNOV1 :O JO9$ ! P>TY 9 #aiag & WAS BETT] $UCAT$ ?AN HIS ASSOCIATES1 WAS /RONG-M9D$1 DET]M9$1 & 0NOT DEVOID ( ,NE*AEVI/ TRAITS10 ACCORD+ TO ,ANTE ,CILIGA1 ! ,YUGOSLAVIAN ,COMMUNI/ DISSID5T1 :O AFT]W>DS 5C\NT]$ HIM 9 PRISON4  ,SEV]AL W]E =M] ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITIONI/S1 9CLUD+ ,MAKH1 ,KUZNETSOV1 ,DEMIDOV1 & ,B>ZITIA1 A ,BOL%EVIK S9CE #aig & ONE ( ! FEW FEMALE MEMB]S ( ! GR\P4#g ,ALL %>$ ,MIASNIKOV'S VIEWS ON ! DEG5]ATION ( ! P>TY & ! REVOLUTION1 & ?REE1 9 ADDITION TO ,MIASNIKOV1 HAD SIGN$ ! ,APPEAL ( ! ,TW5TY-,TWO3 ,KUZNETSOV1 ,%OKHANOV1 & ,M$V$EV4 ,KUZNETSOV1 9DE$1 REG>D$ ! WORK]S & ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP AS 0ANTI!TICAL =CES40 ,TO HIS ,G,P,U 9T]ROGATORS HE LAT] DECL>$1 

0,WE SEE H[ ! UPP] LEVELS ( ! P>TY BUREAUCRACY1 \R COMRADES ( YE/]DAY1 9CREAS+LY DI/RU/ US1 9CREAS+LY FE> US4 ,!Y REG>D US AS A DECL>$ PROLET>IAT1 AS POLITICALLY ILLIT]ATE & IGNORANT PEOPLE1 & USE SU* WORDS AS 0PROLET>IAT0 & 0WORK]0 M]ELY AS RHETORIC1 AS 0W9D[-DRESS+ 0 

,! EM]G5CE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P DID NOT PASS UNNOTIC$4 ,IT FIGUR$ PROM95TLY AT ! ,TWELF? ,P>TY ,CONGRESSI HELD 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#c1 :I* CONV5$ 9 ! ABS5CE ( ,L591 :O HAD SUFF]$ A S]IES ( /ROKES ?AT LEFT HIM P>ALYZ$ & DEPRIV$ ( SPEE*1 ,ON ! EVE ( ! CONGRESS1 AN 0ANONYM\S PLAT=M0 WAS CIRCULAT$ :I* CALL$ ON 0ALL HONE/ PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS10 BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! P>TY1 TO UNITE ON ! BASIS ( ! MANIFE/O ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P4 ,! AU?OR%IP ( ?IS DOCUM5T1 :I* D5\NC$ ! TRIUMVIRATE ( ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KAM5EV1 & ,/AL9 & DEM&$ !IR REMOVAL FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 APP>5TLY RE/$ ) ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P1 & P]HAPS ) ,MIASNIKOV HIMSELF4 

,9 ,L59'S ABS5CE1 ! TASK ( ANA!MATIZ+ ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P FELL TO ,TROTSKY1 ,RADEK1 & ,Z9OVIEV4 ,TROTSKY1 D5\NC+ ,MIASNIKOV'S MANIFE/O1 RECALL$ 0! OLD !ORY ( ! N[ =GOTT5 ,MA*AJSKI0 ?AT 0UND] SOCIALISM ! /ATE WILL BE ! APP>ATUS = ! EXPLOITATION = ! WORK+ CLASS40 ,RADEK P\R$ CONTEMPT ON ,MIASNIKOV'S 0HI<-FL[N =MULA0 ( FRE$OM ( ! PRESS4 ,Z9OVIEV DECL>$ ?AT 0EV]Y CRITICISM ( ! P>TY L9E1 EV5 A SO-CALL$ LEFT CRITICISM1 IS N[ OBJECTIVELY A ,M5%EVIK CRITICISM40 ,MIASNIKOV1 HE ADD$1 MA9TA9S ?AT 0! WORK] IS AGA9/ US & WE >E AGA9/ HIM40 ,SU* A NOTION IS 0RUBBI% 40 0,I WAS P]SONALLY BO!R$ BY HIM = ALMO/ A YE>4 ,VLADIMIR LL'I* OCCUPI$ HIMSELF ) ,MIASNIKOV1 WROTE TO HIM1 REASON$ ) HIM40 ,A SPECIAL COMMISSION1 ( :I* ,BUKH>9 WAS A MEMB]1 S\<T TO BR+ HIM >\ND4 ,TO NO AVAIL4 ,MIASNIKOV 0HAS BETRAY$ \R P>TY40 ,:ATEV] ITS MI/AKES1 9SI/$ ,Z9OVIEV1 ! P>TY HAD DRIV5 ! OLD RUL+ ELITE FROM ITS 5TR5*$ P[]4 ,! 0HEGEMONY ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS SURVIV$ UND] ! MO/ DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES1 & WILL CONT9UE TO SURVIVE1 ,I HOPE1 TO ! 5D 7APPLAUSE740  4 

,MIASNIKOV HAD BECOME AN 9TOL]ABLE ?ORN 9 ! LEAD]%IP'S FLE%4 ,ON ,MAY #b#e1 #a#i#b#c1 A MON? AFT] ! ,TWELF? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 HE WAS >RE/$ BY ! ,G,P,U4 ,SUBJECT$ TO 9T]ROGATION1 HE REPEAT$ HIS CRITICISMS ( ! BUREAUCRACY AS CYNICAL1 RU?LESS1 & SELF-S]V+4 

,SURPRIS+LY1 ,MIASNIKOV WAS RELEAS$ FROM CU/ODY & P]MITT$ TO LEAVE ! C\NTRY4 ,HE BO>D$ A TRA9 = ,G]MANY1 POSSIBLY AS A MEMB] ( A ,SOVIET TRADE MISSION1 A DEVICE NOT 9FREQU5TLY US$ BY ! AU?ORITIES TO RID !MSELVES ( DISS5T]S4 ,BUT ,MIASNIKOV DID NOT AB&ON HIS PROTE/S4 ,9 ,B]L9 HE =M$ TIES ) ! ULIM-RADICAL ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,K,A,P,D7 & ) ! LEFT W+ ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,K,P,D71 HEAD$ BY ,>KADY ,MASL[ & ,RU? ,FIS*]2 TO !M HE GAVE1 AS ,FIS*] RECALLS1 0A V]Y DISC\RAG+ PICTURE ( ! /ATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS4 

,) ! AID ( !SE GR\PS1 ,MIASNIKOV WAS ABLE TO PUBLI%1 9 BOOKLET =M1 ! MANIFE/O ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P1 PREFAC$ BY AN APPEAL1 DRAFT$ BY HIS ASSOCIATES 9 ,MOSC[1 0TO ,COMMUNI/ COMRADES ( ALL L&S40 ,! APPEAL1 9 BRIEF COMPASS1 RECAPITULAT$ ! MA9 PO9TS ( ! MANIFE/O4 ,QUOT+ ,M>X'S 9AUGURAL ADDRESS TO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 70! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ! TASK ( !1 WORK]S !MSELVES07 & ! SECOND /ANZA ( ! 0,9T]NATIONALE10 IT CONCLUD$ ) A SET ( SLOGANS PROCLAIM+ ! AIMS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P3 0,! /R5G? ( ! WORK+ CLASS LIES 9 ITS SOLID>ITY4 ,LONG LIVE FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS = ! PROLET>IANS6 ,LONG LIVE ,SOVIET ,P[]6 ,LONG LIVE ,PROLET>IAN ,DEMOCRACY6 ,LONG LIVE ,COMMUNISM60 

,DUR+ ,MIASNIKOV'S ABS5CE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P1 UND] ,KUZNETSOV & ,MOISEEV1 W5T ON PROPAGAT+ HIS VIEWS4 ,MOISEEV SOON )DREW FROM ! ,PROVISIONAL ,C5TRAL ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,BUREAU1 BUT HIS PLACE WAS TAK5 BY ,MAKH4 ,ON ,JUNE #e1 #a#i#b#c1 ! GR\P HELD A CONF]5CE 9 ,MOSC[ & ELECT$ A ,MOSC[ ,BUREAU1 CONSI/+ ( EI!R F\R OR EI<T MEMB]S 7! S\RCES CONFLICT ON ?IS PO9T74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,KUZNETSOV1 A SIX-MAN ,PROVISIONAL ,KOMSOMOL ,BUREAU WAS ALSO E/ABLI%$1 & ,MAKH1 A MEMB] ( BO? ! ,MOSC[ & ! ,C5TRAL ,BUREAUS1 RELATES ?AT ! GR\P PLANN$ TO PUBLI% A J\RNAL :5 CIRCUM/ANCES %\LD P]MIT4 

,ON A SMALL SCALE1 !RE=E1 ! GR\P WAS ASSUM+ ! APPE>ANCE ( A SEP>ATE P>TY4 ,:ILE IT PR(ESS$ LOYALTY TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PROGRAM & PL$G$ TO RESI/ 0ALL ATTEMPTS TO OV]?R[ ! ,SOVIET P[]10 IT E/ABLI%$ TIES ) DISCONT5T$ WORK]S 9 SEV]AL CITIES1 BEGAN NEGOTIATIONS ) LEAD]S ( ! N[ DEFUNCT ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 79CLUD+ ,KOLLONTAI1 ,%LIAPNIKOV1 & ,M$V$EV71 & TRI$ TO =M A ,=EIGN ,BUREAU 9TO :I* IT HOP$ TO DRAW BO? ,KOLLONTAI1 ) H] 9T]NATIONAL CONTACTS & KN[L$GE ( LANGUAGES1 & ,MASL[ ( ! ,K,P,D4  ,NO?+ CAME ( !SE EF=TS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE REPORT1 H[EV]1 ! GR\P WON SUPPORT )9 ! ,R$ ,>MY G>RISON QU>T]$ 9 ! ,KREML91 A COMPANY ( :I* HAD TO BE TRANSF]R$ TO ,SMOL5SK4 

,AN UNEXPECT$ OPPORTUNITY = ! GR\P TO EXT5D ITS 9FLU5CE CAME 9 ,AUGU/ & ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#c1 :5 A WAVE ( /RIKES1 RECALL+ ?AT ( ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a1 SWEPT ,RUSSIA'S 9DU/RIAL C5T]S4 ,AN ECONOMIC CRISIS-! SO-CALL$ SCISSORS' CRISIS-HAD BE5 DEEP5+ S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE>1 BR++ CUTS 9 WAGES & ! DISMISSAL ( L>GE NUMB]S ( WORK]S4 ,! RESULT+ /RIKES1 :I* BROKE \T 9 ,MOSC[ & O!R CITIES1 W]E A ,SPONTANE\S & UNORGANIZ$ PH5OM5ON1 SP>K$ BY WORS5+ CONDITIONS4 ,!RE IS NO EVID5CE TO CONNECT !M ) ANY OPPOSITIONI/ FACTION4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P1 H[EV]1 S\<T TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! UNRE/ TO OPPOSE ! P>TY LEAD]%IP4 ,/EPP+ UP ITS AGITATION1 IT CONSID]$ CALL+ A ONE-DAY G5]AL /RIKE & ORGANIZ+ A MASS DEMON/RATION ( WORK]S1 ON ! L9ES ( ,BLOODY ,SUNDAY #a#i#e1 ) A PORTRAIT ( ,L59 AT ! LEAD4 

,! AU?ORITIES BECAME AL>M$4 ,AS ,BUKH>9 LAT] ACKN[L$G$1 ! /RIKES1 COMB9$ ) ! ACTIVITIES ( DISSID5T GR\PS1 DREW ATT5TION TO 0! NECESSITY ( L[]+ PRICES1 ! NECESSITY ( PAY+ MORE HE$ TO WAGES1 ! NECESSITY ( RAIS+ ! LEVEL ( POLITICAL ACTIVITY BY MEMB]S ( \R P>TY ORGANIZATION40  ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE BR&$ ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P AS 0ANTI-,COMMUNI/ & ANTI-,SOVIET0 & ORD]$ ! ,G,P,U TO SUPPRESS IT4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB] ITS MEET+ PLACES HAD BE5 RAID$1 LIT]ATURE SEIZ$1 & LEAD]S >RE/$4 ,TWELVE MEMB]S W]E EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY1 AMONG !M ,MOISEEV1 ,TIUNOV1 ,B]Z9A1 ,DEMIDOV1 ,KOTOV1 & ,%OKHANOV1 & F\RTE5 O!RS RECEIV$ REPRIM&S4 

,:AT ( ,MIASNIKOV HIMSELF8 ,9 ,G]MANY S9CE ,JUNE1 HE HAD NOT BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! /RIKE AGITATION4 ,NONE!LESS HE WAS CONSID]$ DANG]\S4 ,9 ! FALL ( #a#i#b#c1 !RE=E1 HE WAS LUR$ BACK TO ,RUSSIA ON ASSURANCES FROM ,Z9OVIEV & ,KRE/9SKY1 ! ,SOVIET AMBASSADOR 9 ,B]L91 ?AT HE W\LD NOT BE MOLE/$4 ,ONCE ON NATIVE SOIL1 HE WAS IMM$IATELY PLAC$ BEH9D B>S4 ,! >RE/ WAS C>RI$ \T BY ,DZ]ZH9SKY HIMSELF1 A TOK5 ( ! GRAVITY ) :I* ! GOV]NM5T VIEW$ ! CASE4 ,9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#d1 ,L59 DI$4 ,BY !N ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P HAD BE5 SIL5C$4 ,IT WAS ! LA/ DISSID5T MOVEM5T )9 ! P>TY TO BE LIQUIDAT$ :ILE ,L59 WAS /ILL ALIVE4 ,IT WAS ALSO ! LA/ RANK-&-FILE GR\P TO BE SMA%$ ) ! BLESS+ ( ALL ! TOP ,SOVIET LEAD]S1 :O N[ BEGAN !IR /RUGGLE = ,L59'S MANTLE4 

,MIASNIKOV SP5T ! NEXT ?REE & A HALF YE>S 9 PRISON1 FIR/ 9 ,MOSC[1 !N 9 ,TOMSK & ,VIATKA4 ,HE CONT9U$ HIS PROTE/S1 WRIT+ TO ,/AL9 & ,Z9OVIEV1 TO ,BUKH>9 & ,RYKOV4 ,9 ,TOMSK HE DECL>$ A HUNG] /RIKE1 HIS SECOND :ILE 9 ,BOL%EVIK CU/ODY4 ,ITS AIM1 HE EXPLA9$ 9 A LETT] SMUGGL$ TO ! ,WE/1 WAS 0TO =CE A =MAL 9DICTM5T & OP5 C\RT PROCE$+S AGA9/ ME1 OR TO SECURE MY LIB]ATION40 ,IT SUCCE$$ 9 ACCOMPLI%+ NEI!R4 ,ON ! T5? DAY ( ! /RIKE HE WAS SUBJECT$ TO =CIBLE FE$+4 ,MIASNIKOV RESI/$4 ,ON ! ?IRTE5? DAY HIS W>D]S1 RE9=C$ BY !1 LOCAL ,G,P,U1 DRAGG$ HIM \T ( HIS CELL & PUT HIM 9 AN 9SANE ASYLUM1 AN ACT1 ,MIASNIKOV COMPLA9$1 :I* 0SETS A F9E EXAMPLE = ! ,FASCI/I ( ! :OLE WORLD40 ,9DE$1 HE ADD$1 NOT EV5 ! FASCI/S EMPLOY$ SU* ME?ODS4 0,!Y HAVE NOT GONE ?AT F> YET1 BUT H]E ! MOTTO IS3 ,:OEV] PROTE/S IS CRAZY & BELONGS 7AMONG7 ! 9SANE6 ,P>TICUL>LY :5 HE IS ( ! WORK+ CLASS & HAS BE5 A ,COMMUNI/ = TW5TY YE>S40  ,RETURN$ TO HIS CELL1 ,MIASNIKOV WAS KEPT 9 ISOLATION4 ,NO ONE WAS P]MITT$ TO SPEAK TO HIM1 NEI!R ! GU>DS NOR HIS FELL[ 9MATES4 ,HIS WIFE1 ,DAIA ,GRIGOR'EVNA1 & !IR ?REE SMALL SONS W]E MEAN:ILE S5T 9TO EXILE4 

,9 #a#i#b#g1 ,MIASNIKOV HIMSELF WAS BANI%$ TO ! ,>M5IAN CAPITAL ( ,]EVAN'4#h#i ,HE WAS KEPT UND] POLICE SURVEILLANCE4 ,NEV]!LESS ON ,NOVEMB] #g1 #a#i#b#h1 ! ELEV5? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION1 HE TOOK P>T 9 AN ANTI-GOV]NM5T DEMON/RATION4 ,FE>+ >RE/1 HE DECID$ TO FLEE ABROAD4 ,HE CUT'HIS HAIR1 %AV$ (F HIS BE>D1 &1 /UFF+ HIS BRIEFCASE ) MANUSCRIPTS & NOTES1 BO>D$ A TRA9 = ,DZHUL'FA1 A T[N ON ! ,P]SIAN BORD]4 ,NE>+ ,DZHUL'FA1 HE LEAP$ FROM ! TRA9 & CROSS$ ! ,>AKS ,RIV] 9TO ,P]SIA1 ONLY TO BE IMM$IATELY >RE/$4 ,AFT] SIX MON?S 9 PRISON1 HE WAS EXPELL$1 )\T PASSPORT OR VISA1 TO ,TURKEY1 :]E HE WAS CONT9UALLY H>ASS$ BY ! POLICE1 ,9 A LETT] TO ! ,RUSSIAN SECTION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 9 ,*ICAGO1 WRITT5 FROM ,CON/ANT9OPLE ON ,NOVEMB] #b#g1 #a#i#b#i1 HE DESCRIB$ HIS UN5D+ P]SECUTION3 0,FROM #aibb UP TO ! PRES5T TIME ,I HAVE NEV] BE5 FREE FROM K9D ATT5TIONS1 SOMETIMES ( ! ,G,P,U1 AT O!R TIMES ( ! ,9TELLIG5CE ,DEP>TM5TS ( V>I\S GOV]NM5TS40  ,SO H>D WAS HIS LOT ?AT HE APPROA*$ ! ,SOVIET CONSUL AT ,TREBIZOND AB\T CONDITIONS = RETURN+ TO ,RUSSIA1 BUT NO AGREEM5T C\LD BE REA*$4 ,DUR+ ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b#i1 ,MIASNIKOV 5T]$ 9TO CORRESPOND5CE ) ,TROTSKY1 :O HIMSELF HAD BE5 EXIL$ TO ,TURKEY ?AT YE>4 ,?AT ,MIASNIKOV %\LD HAVE DONE ?IS MAY SEEM SURPRIS+1 AS IT WAS ,TROTSKY1 A FEW YE>S BE=E1 :O HAD L$ ! (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! OPPOSITIONI/S4 ,BY N[1 H[EV]1 ,TROTSKY1 LIKE ,MIASNIKOV1 HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY & DRIV5 FROM ! C\NTRY4 ,HE1 TOO1 H[EV] BELAT$LY1 HAD RAIS$ ! BANN] ( P>TY DEMOCRACY AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK MA*9E4 ,& ?\< HE D5I$ ?AT ?IS MEANT A 0JU/IFICATION ( ,MIASNIKOV & HIS P>TISANS10  ! TWO M5 HAD 5\< 9 COMMON TO 5GAGE 9 FRI5DLY DISCUSSION4 ,BO? CLEAV$ TO A LEFT-W+ ANTI-,/AL9I/ POLICY1 9 =EIGN & 9 DOME/IC AFFAIRS4 ,) REG>D TO ,*9A1 = EXAMPLE1 !IR POSITIONS W]E VIRTUALLY ID5TICAL4 

,ON SOME MATT]S1 H[EV]1 AGREEM5T PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE1 ABOVE ALL ON ,MIASNIKOV'S CONT5TION ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS NO LONG] A 0WORK]S' /ATE40 ,?IS IDEA ,MIASNIKOV ADVANC$ 9 A MANUSCRIPT ?AT HE S5T TO ,TROTSKY 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#i1 ASK+ HIM TO CONTRIBUTE A PREFACE4 ,TROTSKY REFUS$1 CL++ TO ! BELIEF ?AT1 = ALL ITS BUREAUCRATIC DE=MITIES1 ,RUSSIA REMA9$ A PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,MIASNIKOV'S MANUSCRIPT1 ! LA/ KN[N WORK TO ISSUE FROM HIS P51 DEVELOP$ ! MA9 IDEAS ( HIS E>LI] WRIT+S4 ,! BUREAUCRACY1 HE DECL>$1 E*O+ ,MA*AJSKI1 WAS 0COMPLET+ ITS TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION40 ,IT HAD BECOME A NEW EXPLOIT+ CLASS1 ) ITS [N 9T]E/S & ASPIRATIONS ?AT DIV]G$ %>PLY FROM ?OSE ( ! WORK]S4 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 AS A RESULT1 HAD CEAS$ TO BE A WORK]S' /ATE4 ,IT WAS A SY/EM ( /ATE CAPITALISM1 RUL$ BY A BUREAUCRATIC ELITE4 

,9S(> AS /ATE CAPITALISM ORGANIZ$ ! ECONOMY MORE EFFICI5TLY ?AN PRIVATE CAPITALISM HAD DONE1 ,MIASNIKOV CONSID]$ IT HI/ORICALLY PROGRESSIVE4  ,ALL ! SAME1 ! WORK]S HAD BE5 *EAT$ ( ! FRUITS ( ! REVOLUTION & R$UC$ TO A 0SUBJECT CLASS40 ,= ,MIASNIKOV1 ! SOLE REM$Y REMA9$ A REVIVAL ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS W\LD 5TAIL1 AS HE PUT IT1 0A MULTIP>TY =M ( GOV]NM5T1 SECUR+ ALL RI<TS & FRE$OMS1 DE FACTO AS WELL AS DE JURE1 TO PROLET>IANS1 PEASANTS1 & 9TELLECTUALS40 ,MIASNIKOV'S HO/ILITY T[>DS 9TELLECTUALS HAD S(T5$ S9CE ! TIME ( ! ,WORK]S' ,GR\P MANIFE/O4 ,HE N[ DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 BUREAUCRATS & BOSSES1 ON ! ONE H&1 & 0HONE/1 PROLET>IAN-M9D$ 9TELLECTUALS10 ON ! O!R4 ,! LATT]1 JO9+ =CES ) ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 MU/ 5DEAVOR TO OV]?R[ ! P>ASITIC BUREAUCRACY4 ,P>TIAL MEASURES W]E USELESS1 ,MIASNIKOV 9SI/$4 ,ONLY ! DE/RUCTION ( /ATE CAPITALISM & ONE P>TY RULE C\LD ELIM9ATE ! 0BUREAUCRATIC EVIL40 

,?US ,MIASNIKOV1 HAV+ BEGUN 9 #aib BY TRY+ TO RE=M ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 5D$ BY REJECT+ IT AS BEYOND R$EMPTION4 ,ITS PLACE WAS TO BE TAK5 BY ! 0,WORK]S' ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ( ! ,U,S,S,R0-P>TIES HE EMPHASIZ$1 9 ! PLURAL1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! EXI/+ S+LE-P>TY RULE4 ,YET A NUMB] ( QUE/IONS REMA9$ UNANSW]$4 ,BY :AT PROCESS HAD ! GOALS ( ,BOL%EVISM BECOME P]V]T$8 ,H[ DID IT HAPP5 ?AT A REVOLUTION ?AT WAS TO LEAD T[>DS ! LIB]ATION ( HUMANITY1 T[>DS A CLASSLESS & /ATELESS SOCIETY 9 :I* OPPRESSION W\LD HAVE CEAS$ TO EXI/1 %\LD HAVE SUNK 9TO ! MIRE ( BUREAUCRATISM & REPRESSION8 ,TO :AT EXT5T WAS ! DEG5]ATION DUE TO CONDITIONS BEYOND ANYONE'S CONTROL-TO ! ISOLATION ( ! REVOLUTION 9 A BACKW>D & IMPOV]I%$ C\NTRY1 ! DEVA/ATION CAUS$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! DIFFICULTIES ( ADM9I/]+ A DIV]SE & F>-FLUNG POPULATION 9 ! MID/ ( REVOLUTION>Y TURMOIL & CIVIL /RIFE8 ,SURELY !SE FACTORS W]E IMPORTANT4 ,DEG5]ATION C\LD NOT BE ATTRIBUT$ TO 0BUREAUCRACY0 ALONE1 /ILL LESS TO ! MA*9ATIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP4 ,BESIDES1 :Y %\LD REVOLUTION>IES :O HAT$ AUTOCRATIC TYRANNY HAVE BUILT AN OPPRESSIVE BUREAUCRACY ( !IR [N8 ,HAD NOT A SIMIL> FATE OV]TAK5 PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS8 ,DO ALL REVOLUTIONS DEG5]ATE :5 IDEALS CLA% ) POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & CULTURAL REALITIES8 

,ON SU* QUE/IONS ,MIASNIKOV %$ LITTLE LI<T4 ,NOR1 IT MU/ BE ADD$1 WAS HE HIMSELF IMMUNE FROM CRITICISM4 ,IDEALIZ+ ! PROLET>IAT1 FROM :OSE RANKS HE HAD EM]G$1 HE DISPLAY$ A FI]CE 9TOL]ANCE ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 AN 9TOL]ANCE ?AT W\LD HAVE DOOM$ HIS [N V]SION ( SOCIALISM HAD IT EV] BE5 PUT 9TO PRACTICE4 ,= ALL ,L59'S AU?ORIT>IANISM & E?ICAL BL9DNESS1 WAS IT NOT TO HIS CR$IT ?AT HE HAD S\<T TO REA* AN ACCOMMODATION ) TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S & O!R NONPROLET>IANS & TO 5LI/ !M 9 ! TASK ( ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION8 ,:AT1 9 ANY CASE1 IS A 0WORK]S' /ATE10 & :OM W\LD IT B5EFIT8 ,SURELY IT IS A FREE SOCIETY :]E 9DIVIDUALS ( DIFF]5T BACKGR\NDS & 9T]E/S CAN LIVE TOGE!R AS DIV]SE HUMAN BE+S 9/EAD ( AS UNITS ( A P>TY OR CLASS4 

,= ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE ! CULT ( ! PROLET>IAT DOM9AT$ ,MIASNIKOV'S ?9K+4 ,NEI!R HIS DISILLUSION+ EXP]I5CE 9 ,RUSSIA NOR ! BITT]NESS ( EMIGRE LIFE C\LD %ATT] HIS HI< HOPES & F]V5T FAI? 9 ! ULTIMATE TRIUMPH ( ! WORK]S4 ,FOLL[+ ,TROTSKY'S REBUFF1 H[EV]1 HE BECAME AN ISOLAT$ FIGURE4 ,FROM ,CON/ANT9OPLE HE RECEIV$ P]MISSION TO GO TO ,P>IS1 :]E HE SETTL$ 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c1 F9D+ WORK AT HIS OLD TRADE 9 A METALS FACTORY4 ,9 #a#i#c#a1 HE PUBLI%$ HIS MANUSCRIPT ON ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY UND] ! TITLE ( ,O*]$NOI OBMAN 7,! ,CURR5T ,DECEPTION74 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 :5 ! ,FR5* ,M>XI/ ,LUCI5 ,LAURAT ISSU$ A SIMIL> TREATISE1 ,TROTSKY WAS QUICK TO NOTE ! P>ALLEL4 ,LAURAT1 HE WROTE1 WAS 0OBVI\SLY UNAW>E ?AT HIS 5TIRE !ORY HAD BE5 =MULAT$1 ONLY ) MU* MORE FIRE & SPL5DOR1 OV] ?IRTY YE>S AGO BY ! ,RUSSO-,POLI% REVOLUTIONI/ ,MA*AJSKI10 & ?AT1 ONLY REC5TLY1 ! SAME IDEA HAD BE5 PUT =W>D BY ,MIASNIKOV1 :O MA9TA9$ ?AT 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA HAS BE5 SUPPLANT$ BY ! HEGEMONY ( A NEW CLASS1 ! SOCIAL BUREAUCRACY40 

,9 ,P>IS ,MIASNIKOV F\ND IT H>D TO ADJU/4 ,GRADUALLY1 H[EV]1 MATT]S IMPROV$4 ,HE LE>N$ TO SPEAK ,FR5* & TOOK A ,FR5* WIFE 7?\< ,DAIA ,GRIGOR'EVNA WAS /ILL ALIVE74 ,HE MET TWO LEFT-OPPOSITIONI/ ACQUA9TANCES1 ,RU? ,FIS*] & ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 :O M5TION HIM 9 !IR MEMOIRS4#i#i ,BY #a#i#c#i1 :5 ,FIS*] LA/ SAW HIM1 HE SEEM$ REASONABLY CONT5T4 ,AT ! \TBREAK ( ,WORLD ,W> #b1 ,FIS*] TELLS US1 HE TOOK A REFRE%] C\RSE & GRADUAT$ AS AN 5G9E]  ,HE WAS !N FIFTY YE>S OLD4 

,MIASNIKOV REMA9$ 9 ,FRANCE ?R\<\T ! W>4 ,!N 9#a#i#d#f1 HE DISAPPE>$4 ,HIS FRI5DS 9 ,P>IS1 SEEK+ TO F9D \T :AT HAD BECOME ( HIM1 LE>N$ ?AT HE HAD BE5 TAK5 TO ,RUSSIA 9 A ,SOVIET PLANE4 ,:E!R HE RETURN$ ( HIS [N WILL OR WAS KIDNAPP$ BY ! ,M,V,D HAD NOT BE5 CONCLUSIVELY E/ABLI%$4 ,! MO/ RELIABLE ACC\NT1 PROVID$ BY ,ROY ,M$V$EV1 GOES AS FOLL[S4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! W> A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T CAME TO SEE ,MIASNIKOV & TRI$ TO P]SUADE HIM TO RETURN4 ,MIASNIKOV AT FIR/ REFUS$1 P]HAPS RECALL+ HIS EXP]I5CE 9 #a#i#b#c1 :5 HE WAS LUR$ BACK FROM ,G]MANY BY FALSE PROMISES4 ,HE WAS ASSUR$1 H[EV]1 ?AT !RE WAS NO?+ TO FE>1 ?AT ! PA/ HAD BE5 =GOTT51 & ?AT P]MISSION TO LIVE FREELY 9 ,MOSC[ HAD BE5 GRANT$ BY ! 0HI<E/ AU?ORITY10 MEAN+ ,/AL9 HIMSELF4 ,MIASNIKOV1 DESPITE HIS MISGIV+S1 F9ALLY AGRE$ TO GO4 ,:5 HE L&$ 9 ,MOSC[ HE WAS >RE/$ AT ! AIRPORT & TAK5 TO ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON4 

,TRAG$Y HAD MEAN:ILE BEFALL5 ,MIASNIKOV'S WIFE & *ILDR54 ,DUR+ ! W> AGA9/ ,HITL]1 ALL ?REE ( HIS SONS HAD JO9$ ! ,R$ ,>MY & P]I%$ AT ! FRONT4 ,AS A RESULT1 ,DAIA ,GRIGOR'EVNA HAD SUFF]$ A N]V\S BREAKD[N & BE5 PLAC$ 9 A PSY*IATRIC HOSPITAL4 ,RELEAS$ AFT] A YE>1 %E NEV] COMPLETELY RECOV]$4 ,9 #aidf CAME ! F9AL %OCK4 ,VISIT$ BY ! POLICE1 %E WAS 9=M$ ?AT H] HUSB&1 :OM %E HAD NOT SE5 9 TW5TY YE>S1 WAS 9 ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON1 & ?AT %E W\LD BE ALL[$ TO VISIT HIM4 ,BEWILD]$ BY ! NEWS1 %E S\<T ADVICE FROM FRI5DS4 ,F9ALLY1 AFT] A WEEK'S DELAY1 %E W5T TO ! ,BUTYRKI4 ,%E HAD COME TOO LATE4 ,MIASNIKOV1 %E WAS TOLD1 HAD BE5 %OT4 ,ON HE>+ ?IS1 ,DAIA ,GRIGOR'EVNA SUFF]$ ANO!R M5TAL COLLAPSE & WAS TAK5 BACK TO ! HOSPITAL1 :]E %E DI$ NOT LONG AFT]4 

,SU* WAS ! FATE ( ,MIASNIKOV & HIS FAMILY4 ,= HIS IDEALS HE PAID ! ULTIMATE PRICE4 ,YET HE HAS NOT BE5 ]AS$ FROM HI/ORICAL MEMORY4 ,:ATEV] HIS FAULTS1 & !Y W]E MANY1 HIS H]OIC C>E]1 HIS REFUSAL TO COMPROMISE HIS PR9CIPLES UND] BO? CZ>ISM & ,BOL%EVISM1 >E SUFFICI5T PRO( ( HIS REVOLUTION>Y 9TEGRITY4 ,SU* M5 >E SELDOM =GOTT54 ,! HI/ORIAN ( ,RUSSIA1 EXPLOR+ ! YE>S AFT] #a#i#a#g1 IS DRIV5 AGA9 & AGA9 TO OPPOSITIONI/S ( ,MIASNIKOV'S /AMP1 TO !IR CRITICISMS ( (FICIAL POLICY & !IR ALT]NATIVE PROPOSAL ( ! CON/RUCTION ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 ,MIASNIKOV'S C5TRAL VISION-! VISION ( WORK]S' P>TICIPATION 9 MANAGEM5T1 ( PROLET>IAN & P>TY DEMOCRACY1 ( FRE$OM ( DISCUSSION & DEBATE-HAS SURVIV$ 9 REC5T ,SOVIET DISS5T1 & ! DAY MAY YET COME :5 HIS IDEAS1 VOIC$ ) SU* P]SI/5CE & SELF-SACRIFICE1 WILL 9FLU5CE ! %AP+ ( ,COMMUNI/ POLICY TO ! B5EFIT ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #a#g1 #bb 3 ,BOL%EVIK ,OPPOSITION TO ,L59 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,BOL%EVIK ,OPPOSITION TO ,L59 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/