,9TRODUCTION ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,B>RY ,PATEMAN ,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN ,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS ,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY ,AU?OR 3 ,IDA ,METT ,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,FABBRI ,AU?OR 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON ,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE ,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,9TRODUCTION BY ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,>ON ,B>ON ,HI/ORY MAY NOT HAVE 5D$1 BUT IT C]TA9LY HAS GOTT5 /RANGE4 ,! SOCIAL CONTRACT NEOLIB]ALISM ONCE IMPOS$--A PAT*WORK ( ECONOMIC %ELL GAMES & ! POLITICAL RITUALS NE$$ TO FOI/ !M ON PEOPLE--HAS %R$D$ ) SURPRIS+ SPE$ 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,! RESULT HAS BE5 A RAPID UNIV]SALIZATION ( PREC>ITY4 ,UNPR$ICTABILITY & GR\NDLESSNESS >E UBIQUIT\S P>TS ( \R LIVES1 :I* UNFOLD 9 A SUPPOS$LY 0PO/-TRU?0 WORLD :]E ! BASIC PR]EQUISITES = UND]/&+ ALMO/ ANY?+ SEEM LACK+--OR AT LEA/ SEEM TO *ANGE ) EA* NEWS CYCLE4 ,?IS NEW REALITY WAS BO? CAUSE & EFFECT ( ,DONALD ,TRUMP'S ELECTION AS =TY-FIF? PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HIS CAMPAIGN SUCCESSFULLY H>NESS$ ! FE> & DESP]ATION ( \R SOCIAL UNRAVEL+1 & HE ROSE TO P[] ) PROMISES TO 5D IT4 ,HE W\LD1 HE SAID1 /OP ! ]OSION ( \R DW9DL+ S5SE ( SECURITY & RE/ORE ! C]TA9TY ( CLE> BORD]S 7NATIONAL & RACIAL7 & /EADY JOBS4 ,! TRA9S W\LD RUN ON TIME4 ,TRUMP'S SUCCESS-FROM-!-FR+E TOOK ,U,S LIB]ALS BY SURPRISE4 ,ANY?+ O!R ?AN ! /AID ELECTORAL P+-PONG BETWE5 MANAG]IAL REPRES5TATIVES ( ?IS OR ?AT POLITICAL P>TY HAD BE5 UN?9KABLE TO !M4 ,FUR!R ALONG ! LEFT SPECTRUM1 !RE WAS SURPRISE AMONG MANY RADICALS1 BUT P]HAPS LESS %OCK3 !Y AT LEA/ HAD ! !ORETICAL >S5AL ) :I* TO EXPLA9 ! SITUATION--AFT] ! FACT4 ,! LEFT IS NO LESS SUBJECT TO HI/ORICAL UNC]TA9TY1 NOR REALLY ANY MORE PREP>$ TO MEET IT OR PR$ICT :AT'S NEXT4 ,LATELY1 MANY RADICALS HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 9 ! SAME GRASP+ AT /RAWS ?AT MOTIVAT$ ,TRUMP VOT]S4 ,:5 ! WAY =W>D IS UNCLE>1 !Y SEEM TO ?9K1 IT'S SAFE/ TO GO BACKW>D1 9TO ! PA/4 ,!Y SE>* = ANSW]S 9 ! TRI$ & TRUE--EV5 :5 ?AT TRU? IS ONE ( MASSIVE HI/ORICAL FAILURE4 ,?US WE'VE SE5 A RETURN TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /RATEGIES1 FIR/ ) ! TEPID 0SOCIALISM0 ( ,B]NIE ,S&]S1 MORE REC5TLY ) ! RESUSCITATION ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/S ( ,AM]ICA4 ,VOT]S 9 ,EUROPE FIGUR$ \T LONG AGO ! PO9TLESSNESS ( ELECT+ SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/S TO OV]SEE A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,! ,U,S1 AS USUAL1 HAS FAIL$ TO LE>N FROM O!RS' MI/AKES4 ,! HUNDR$? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! OCCASION = ?IS BOOK1 HAS PUT AN EV5 MORE BIZ>RE SP9 ON !SE DEVELOPM5TS4 ,MANY SEE ! C5T5NIAL AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REHABILITATE1 EV5 CELEBRATE1 \TDAT$ =MS ( AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,IT'S A TRICKY CELEBRATION1 ?\<1 ONE ?AT MU/ EI!R C>EFULLY IGNORE ! HUMAN DEVA/ATION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS SET 9 MOTION 9 #aiag OR PU% IT PA/ AN IMAG9>Y BORD] BEYOND :I*1 ! /ORY GOES1 COMMUNI/ POSSIBILITY WAS HIJACK$ BY EVIL M51 & M>*$ (F TO A L& ( GULAGS & =C$ COLLECTIVIZATION4 ,JUDG+ FROM !IR LI/S ( REC5T & =?COM+ TITLES1 LEFTI/ PUBLI%]S >\ND ! WORLD WILL REPEAT !SE ELISIONS & FAIRY TALES 9 SCORES ( BOOKS ?AT PRAISE ,L591 REFRAME ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 & ATTEMPT TO RESCUE ! ,M>XI/ JEWEL BURI$ B5EA? A M\NTA9 ( CORPSES4 ,IF IT WAS JU/ ! OLD GU>D & ZEAL\S P>TY (FICIALS SP9N+ !SE FICTIONS1 ?IS BOOK W\LD BE UNNECESS>Y4 ,!IR 9FLU5CE HAS /EADILY DECL9$ & !Y WILL EV5TUALLY ALL DIE (F4 ,9 !SE /RANGE1 UNSETTL$ TIMES1 ?\<1 A NUMB] ( Y\NG PEOPLE HAVE BECOME 5AMOR$ ) ! + 0,HOT ,Y\NG ,JOSEPH ,/AL90 MEMES ON SOCIAL M$IA & SPORT+ HAMM]-&-SICKLE BASEBALL CAPS & JEWEL$ NECKLACES4 ,!RE'S (T5 AN IRONIC $GE TO ! NEW ,BOL%EVIK BL+1 LIKE ! PUNKS ( A PREVI\S G5]ATION WE>+ ,NAZI SYMBOLS4 ,BUT ! PUNKS AT LEA/ HAD A RAW NIHILI/IC HONE/Y3 !Y W]E REF]5C+ ! HORROR BEH9D !IR REGALIA TO MAKE A PO9T4 ,TODAY'S NEW1 Y\NG COMMUNI/S >E EI!R MU* MORE OBLIVI\S TO ! HI/ORY BEH9D !IR GE/URES OR >E SLYLY H$G+ !IR BETS BY PRET5D+ !RE'S NO SUB/ANCE TO !IR /YLE1 & ?US NO ACC\NTABILITY4 ,ALL ?IS SUGGE/S A MORE PRESS+ NE$ = ?IS BOOK4 0,( ALL ! REVOLTS ( ! WORK+ CLASS10 WRITES ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADAS1 0! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS ! ONLY VICTORI\S ONE4 ,& ( ALL ! WORK+ CLASS'S FAILURES IT WAS ! MO/ ?OR\ ,WE MIN FROM ! POSSIBILITIES ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BO? OP5$ & DEMOLI%$4 ,! CATA/ROPHE 9 ,RUSSIA OBLIGES US1 HE SAYS1 TO REFLECT 0NOT ONLY ON ! CONDITIONS = A PROLET>IAN VICTORY1 BUT ALSO ON ! CONT5T & POSSIBLE FATE ( SU* A VICTORY1 ON ITS CONSOLIDATION & DEVELOPM5T0 &1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 ON ! 0SE$S ( FAILURE0 9H]5T 9 C]TA9 APPROA*ES TO REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>XI/-,L59I/S1 :5 IT COMES TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ?OSE SE$S W]E 5TIRELY EXT]NAL & 0OBJECTIVE03 ! DEFEAT ( SUBSEQU5T REVOLUTIONS 9 ,EUROPE1 =EIGN 9T]V5TION1 & A BLOODY CIVIL W>4 ,! HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE ( !SE FACTORS IS 9CONTE/ABLE1 & L>GELY BESIDES ! PO9T4 ,! REAL QUE/ION1 AS ,CA/ORIADAS NOTES1 IS 0:Y ! ,REVOLUTION OV]CAME ITS EXT]NAL 5EMIES ONLY TO COLLAPSE FROM )940 ,TO ANSW] ?AT1 WE NE$ :AT ,MAURICE ,BR9TON CALLS1 9 HIS PREFACE TO ,IDA ,METT'S HI/ORY ( ! ,KRON/ADT COMMUNE1 A NEW1 G5U9ELY SOCIALI/ HI/ORY4 0,:AT PASSES AS SOCIALI/ HI/ORY10 ACCORD+ TO ,BR9TON1 0IS (T5 ONLY A MIRROR IMAGE ( B\RGEOIS HI/ORIOGRAPHY1 A P]COLATION 9TO ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ( TYPICALLY B\RGEOIS ME?ODS ( ?9K+40 ,/ATE-SOCIALI/ HAGIOGRAPHY1 9 ALL ITS ,L59I/1 ,TROTSKYI/1 ,MAOI/1 & ,/AL9I/ V>IETIES1 IS SIMPLY A ?9LY VEIL$ 0GREAT MAN0 VISION ( ! PA/1 ) K+S & QUE5S & PRESID5TS REPLAC$ BY REVOLUTION>Y 0LEAD]S ( G5IUS10 BRILLIANT /RATEGI/S :O SUPPOS$LY L$ ! MASSES TO VICTORY--OR :O W\LD HAVE IF 0OBJECTIVE FACTORS0 HADN'T 9T]V5$1 :I*1 /RANGELY1 !Y ALWAYS SEEM TO DO4 ,?IS AN?OLOGY IS AN ATTEMPT TO CONTRIBUTE TO ?AT NEW HI/ORY4 ,IT IS1 AGA9 FOLL[+ ,BR9TON1 A HI/ORY ( ! MASSES !MSELVES1 WRITT51 AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 FROM !IR P]SPECTIVE1 NOT FROM ?AT ( !IR SELF-DECL>$ REPRES5TATIVES4 ,WE'VE COLLECT$ WORKS SPANN+ ! LA/ C5TURY1 FROM #aibb TO #b#a#g1 ?AT S]VE TWO PURPOSES4 ,! FIR/ IS TO UNCOV] ! LIV+ REVOLUTION B5EA? ! MY?S ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR /ATE-SOCIALI/ HEIRS HAVE PIL$ UP TO LEGITIMIZE !IR O!RWISE 9DEF5SIBLE ACTIONS4 ,! LIV+ REVOLUTION IS ! POT5TIAL 9H]5T 9 ANY MOBILIZ$ POPULACE4 ,IT IS MADE1 NOT DECRE$1 BE/[$1 OR LEGISLAT$ 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,& IT IS A P[]FUL =CE4 ,! 9ITIAL /AGE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 /RET*+ FROM ,FEBM>Y ?R\< ,OCTOB]1 WAS FAM\S = ITS LACK ( BLOOD%$4 ,:5 ! MASSES RISE UP AS ONE1 !RE IS NO P[] ?AT CAN OPPOSE !M4 ,!Y CREATE NEW REVOLUTION>Y =MS1 AGRE$-UPON PRACTICES ?AT MAY OR MAY NOT TAKE 9/ITUTIONAL =M4 ,!SE PRACTICES1 :I* COH]$ 9 ,RUSSIA 9TO ! SOVIETS1 FACTORY COMMITTEES1 & COOP]ATIVES1 >E ! EMBRYONIC /RUCTURES ?R\< :I* A NEW SOCIETY MI*I/ HI/ORY MU/ ALSO SEEK TO LOCATE ! SE$S ( FAILURE 9 ANY REVOLUTION4 ,!SE ALSO BELONG TO ! MASSES4 ,! BLAME = ! 0DEG5]ATION0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CAN BE1 & HAS BE51 SPREAD LIB]ALLY4 ,H[EV]1 MAK+ SIMPLE BOOGEYM5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION'S BETRAY]S--,/AL9 BE+ ! MO/ FAMILI>1 ESPECIALLY = ,L59I/S & ,TROTSKYI/S SEEK+ !IR [N ABSOLUTION--AVOIDS ! FACT ?AT ! MASSES C\LD BE BETRAY$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,!Y FELL = PRETTY LIES & /IRR+ SPEE*ES4 ,!Y FAIL$ TO RESI/ AT CRUCIAL MOM5TS OR1 :5 !Y DID RESI/1 !Y DIDN'T GO F> 5\<4 ,!Y SURR5D]$1 9* BY 9*1 ! P[] ?AT !Y HAD TAK51 & !Y LET !IR 5EMIES BUILD A V]Y DIFF]5T SORT ( P[] OV] !M4 ,!RE IS A REASON :Y ,L59 C\LD SAY ?AT ! ,OCTOB] C\P WAS 0EASI] ?AN LIFT+ A FEA!R03 ! WAY HAD ALREADY BE5 CLE>$ & ! /ATE ALREADY SMA%$4 ,!RE WAS NO?+ TO LIFT4 ,! MASSES HAD MADE ! REVOLUTION & ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD ONLY TO /EP OV] ! RUBBLE & 9TO ! OPPRESSORS' AB&ON$ PALACES4 ,! FACT ?AT !Y C\LD DO SO IS A W>N+ & A LESSON ?AT ! AU?ORS 9 ?IS COLLECTION DRIVE HOME 9 C\NTLESS WAYS4 ,! =MS ( G5U9E REVOLUTION & ! WAYS !Y W]E VIOL5TLY DISMANTL$ BY ,L59 & HIS COMRADES >E ! MA9 !MES ( ?IS BOOK4 ,IF !RE IS A SLI*I/S1 C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 & ANTI/ATE ,M>XI/S 9 ! PAGES AHEAD A7 HAVE AN IMPLICIT FAI? 9 :AT ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN CALLS 0! CREATIVE G5IUS ( ! PEOPLE0 & B7 HESITATE TO PRESCRIBE ! DETAILS ( A FUTURE SOCIETY ?AT REMA9S TO BE BORN1 UND] CONDITIONS & MEET+ *ALL5GES WE CANNOT =ESEE4 ,REAL REVOLUTIONS >E NEV] /AG$1 !Y DON'T HAPP5 ACCORD+ TO ANY !ORI/'S TIMETABLE1 & !Y R>ELY NE$ HELP GETT+ UND]WAY4 ,:ILE ?AT FACT IS MADE CLE> ?R\<\T ?IS BOOK1 !RE IS ALSO A CRUCIAL FOCUS ON :AT HAPP5S NEXT1 ON ! TRAPS & PITFALLS1 ON EV]Y?+ ?AT CAN GO WRONG4 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] TRACES ! G5EALOGY ( ! FACTORS ?AT L$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION'S FAILURE ?R\< ! (T5-PROPHETIC DEBATES 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & BACK TO ! LATE EIX & ,5GELS1 :OSE IDEAS ,L59 ADAPT$1 BORR[$ !IR !ORY ( REVOLUTION FROM ! ,JACOB9S & AU?ORIT>IAN SECRET SOCIETIES ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 SAYS ,ROCK]1 !Y RELI$ UPON DI/ORT$ B\RGEOIS HI/ORIES ( ?OSE FIGURES4 ,! RESULTANT ,M>XI/ CONCEPT ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( A GIV5 P>TY :I* >ROGATES TO ITSELF ! RIDS0 ?AT ! LABOR MOVEM5T ITSELF =GES ?\< /RUGGLE3 C\NCILS & COMMITTEES NETWORK$ 9 FLEXIBLE1 NONHI]>*ICAL F$]ATIONS4 ,LUIGI ,FABBRI ALSO SEES B\RGEOIS ROOTS 9 ,L59I/ IDEOLOGY1 0A FRAME ( M9D TYPICAL ( BOSSES40 ,WRIT+ JU/ AFT] ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 ,FABBRI CUTS ?R\< ! NUM]\S MISREPRES5TATIONS ( AN>*ISM ?AT EV5 ! E>LIE/ ,BOL%EVIK PROPAG&A PROMULGAT$--& ?AT /ATE SOCIALI/S /ILL PU%--TO REVEAL ! MA9 IDEAS 0SEP>AT+ AU?ORIT>IAN FROM LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S40 ,! 0FATAL MI/AKE0 ( ,L59 & COMPANY WAS !IR BELIEF ?AT BUILD+ A P[]FUL /ATE W\LD SOMEH[ EV5TUALLY LEAD TO ?AT SAME /ATE WI!R+ AWAY1 ! PRECONDITION = COMMUNISM ACCORD+ TO BO? ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S4 ,= ,FABBRI1 AS = MO/ CONTRIBUTORS TO ?IS BOOK1 0,! /ATE IS MORE ?AN AN \TCOME ( CLASS DIVISIONS2 IT IS1 AT ONE & ! SAME TIME1 ! CREATOR ( PRIVILEGE1 !REBY BR++ AB\T NEW CLASS DIVISIONS40 ,MOREOV]1 IT 0WILL NOT DIE AWAY UNLESS IT IS DELIB]ATELY DE/ROY$1 JU/ AS CAPITALISM WILL NOT CEASE TO EXI/ UNLESS IT IS PUT TO DEA? ?R\< EXPROPRIATION40 ,OR AS ,IA9 ,MC,KAY PUTS IT 9 HIS ANALYSIS ( ONE ( ,L59'S MO/ FAM\S BOOKS3 0,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION %[S ?AT IT WAS NOT A CASE ( ! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION BUT RA!R ! ,/ATE OR ,REVOLUTION40 ,L59I/ DI/ORTIONS ( O!R REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS HASN'T *ANG$ MU* 9 ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,FABBRI & O!RS WRIT+ AT ! TIME ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BO? EYE WITNESSES & CLOSE OBS]V]S1 FOCUS \R UND]/&+ ( :AT NON,BOL%EVIK MILITANTS W]E FI PICTURE ( ! POSSIBLE =MS ( HUMAN LIB]ATION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS ME?ODICALLY =ECLOS$4 ,SEV]AL ESSAYS 9 ! PAGES AHEAD GIVE DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( ! ME?ODS ?AT ! NEWLY E/ABLI%$ /ATE US$ TO A*IEVE ?IS4 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON & ,IDA ,METT EA* FOCUS ON ! MASSACRE AT ,KRON/ADT1 ONE ( ! CLE>E/ EXAMPLES ( H[ ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 WORK]S & SAILORS 9 ?IS CASE1 S\MY4 ,B>RY ,PATEMAN DESCRIBES ! MANY D$ICAT$ REVOLUTION>IES :O W\ND UP 9 0COMMUNI/0 PRISONS1 AS WELL AS ! NETWORKS ( SOLID>ITY ?AT TRI$ TO GET !M \T4 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY MAPS ! GR[+ 7RA!R ?AN WI!R+7 ,SOVIET /ATE AS IT ABSORB$ ONE BY ONE ! DEMOCRATIC1 F$]ALI/ 9/ITUTIONS ! MASSES HAD CREAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 :I* POS$ A ?REAT TO ! GR[+ DICTATOR%IP4 ,OTTO ,RIIHLE DESCRIBES ! DISA/R\S EFFECTS ( ,L59ISM :5 IT WAS EXPORT$ TO ,EUROPE4 ,L59'S 9FLU5CE1 SAYS ,RIIHLE1 WAS NOT M]ELY AN IMP$IM5T TO ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES ( ,EUROPEAN WORK]S1 IT ALSO PROVID$ ! MODEL = FASCISM 9 ,ITALY & ,G]MANY4 0,ALL FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( FASCISM W]E 9 HIS DOCTR9E1 HIS /RATEGY1 HIS SOCIAL 'PLANN+1' & HIS >T ) DEAL+ ) M5 444 ,AU?ORITY1 LEAD]%IP1 =CE1 EX]T$ ON ONE SIDE1 & ORGANIZATION1 CADRES1 SUBORD9ATION ON ! O!R SIDE--SU* WAS HIS L9E ( REASON+40 ,ULTIMATELY1 ?\<1 ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP & ITS MANY LEFTW+ CRITICS BOILS D[N TO DIFF]5T IDEAS AB\T H[ & :Y REVOLUTIONS >E MADE4 ,TO ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S1 C]TA9LY1 ,L59'S ABSOLUTE DIVORCE ( !ORETICAL1 COMMUNI/ 5DS FROM IMM$IATE1 REPRESSIVE MEANS WAS 9 ITSELF A GU>ANTEE ( REVOLUTION>Y FAILURE4 ,! V]Y WORD COMMUNISM--) COGNATES LIKE COMMUNAL1 COMMONS1 COMMUNITY--IMPLIES AN OBVI\S & PRACTICAL SET ( POLITICAL GUIDEL9ES1 A MILITANT E?ICS4 ,YET AS ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :O ORGANIZ$ =CES TO FIMIES 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 NOTES1 (FICIALS AT ! ,F\RTE5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* WAS HELD ONLY EIS AFT] ! ,BOL%EVIKS CAME TO P[]1 AGRE$ ?AT ! WORD 0EQUALITY0 %\LD BE AVOID$ 9 ANY?+ BUT AB/RACT DISCUSSIONS ( DI/ANT SOCIAL RELATIONS2 IT HAD NO PLACE 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ PRES5T4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN EMIGRAT$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,:ILE ! IMM$IATE REASON = !IR VOYAGE HAD BE5 DEPORTATION1 !Y RETURN$ TO !IR HOMEL& ) HI< HOPES & A COMMITM5T TO HELP BUILD A NEW SOCIETY4 ,)9 TWO YE>S1 ?OSE HOPES HAD BE5 DA%$4 ,!Y LEFT 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#a1 BO? WRIT+ DAMN+ BOOKS AB\T !IR EXP]I5CES SOON AFT] 7,B]KMAN'S ,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y & ,GOLDMAN'S ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 74 ,?OSE EXP]I5CES1 :I* RANG$ FROM ! 9SPIRATION ( SEE+ REVOLUTION>Y 5]GIES UNLEA%$ ON A MASS SCALE TO ! HORROR ( WAT*+ !M DE/ROY$1 L5D A %>P-$G$ CL>ITY TO ! PIECES WE'VE 9CLUD$ H]E1 A />K CONTRA/ BETWE5 COMPET+ VISIONS ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 0,! ,BOL%EVIK IDEA10 WRITES ,B]KMAN1 WAS 0?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION MU/ BE DIRECT$ BY A SPECIAL /AFF1 VE/$ ) DICTATORIAL P[]S40 ,?IS NOT ONLY IMPLI$ A DEEP DI/RU/ ( ! MASSES BUT A WILL+NESS TO USE =CE AGA9/ !M1 AN UNSURPRIS+ OBS]VATION TO ?OSE ( US ON ?IS SIDE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BUT A %OCK+ IDEA TO MANY AT ! TIME4 ,B]KMAN GOES ON TO QUOTE ,BOL%EVIK !ORI/ ,NIKOLAI ,BUKH>93 0,PROLET>IAN COMPULSION 9 ALL ITS =MS 444 BEG9N+ ) SUMM>Y EXECUTION & 5D+ ) COMPULSORY LABOR1 IS A ME?OD ( REWORK+ ! HUMAN MAT]IAL ( ! CAPITALI/ EPO* 9TO ,COMMUNI/ HUMANITY40 ,COMPULSION WAS NECESS>Y BECAUSE ! ,BOL%EVIKS CLAIM$ TO ALREADY KN[ ! PA? ! REVOLUTION NE$$ TO TAKE1 EV5 IF WORK]S & PEASANTS SEEM$ TO BE MOV+ 9 A DIFF]5T DIRECTION4 ,L59 US$ A ,M>XI/ PLAYBOOK4 ,HIS APP>5T FLEXIBILITY1 HIS (T5 CONTRADICTORY POSITIONS1 HAD LESS TO DO ) OP5M9D$NESS ?AN ) A S+LE-M9D$ FOCUS ?AT ALL[$ HIM TO SAY :ATEV] WAS NECESS>Y TO A*IEVE HIS GOAL4 ,HE WAS1 AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN PUT IT1 0A NIMBLE ACROBAT444 SKILL$ 9 P]=M+ )9 ! N>R[E/ M>G940 ,AFT] MEET+ HIM1 %E WAS CONV9C$ ?AT 0,L59 HAD V]Y LITTLE CONC]N 9 ! ,REVOLUTION & 444 ,COMMUNISM TO HIM WAS A V]Y REMOTE ?+40 ,9/EAD1 ! 0C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL ,/ATE WAS ,L59'S DEITY1 TO :I* EV]Y?+ ELSE WAS TO BE SACRIFIC$40 ,= ,GOLDMAN1 ! REVOLUTION DEP5D$ MORE ON ! 0SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS0 & 0MASS PSY*OLOGY0 ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS ?AN ON ANY ALLEG$LY OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS1 AT LEA/ ?OSE ?AT W]E WRITT5 9 ! ,M>XI/ PLAYBOOK4 ,AT FIR/1 ,L59 HAD NO *OICE BUT TO 5DURE ! POPUL> =CES ?AT W]E 0C>RY+ ! ,REVOLUTION 9TO EV]-WID5+ *ANNELS0 ?AT W]5'T UND] ,BOL%EVIK CONTROL4 0,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FELT ITSELF SUFFICI5TLY /RONG 9 ! GOV]NM5T SADDLE1 IT BEGAN TO LIMIT ! SCOPE ( POPUL> ACTIVITY40 ,IT WAS ?IS DESIRE TO KEEP ALL P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! ,P>TY1 ! SUPPOS$ ADVANCE GU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ?AT EXPLA9S1 SAYS ,GOLDMAN1 0ALL !IR FOLL[+ POLICIES1 *ANGES ( POLICIES1 !IR COMPROMISES & RETREATS1 !IR ME?ODS ( SUPPRESSION & P]SECUTION1 !IR T]RORISM & EXT]M9ATION ( ALL O!R POLITICAL VIEWS40 ,AS WE'VE M5TION$1 A /OCK EXCUSE = ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9TO ONE ( MOD]N HI/ORY'S MO/ OPPRESSIVE REGIMES IS ?AT ! ,CIVIL ,W> DEM&$ /RICT POLITICAL DISCIPL9E & SEV]E ECONOMIC MEASURES4 0,W> COMMUNISM0 WAS SUPPOS$LY ! REVOLUTION'S ONLY HOPE4 ,READ]S WILL BE =GIV5 IF ?IS REM9DS !M ( ! ,U,S MILIT>Y'S CLAIM ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO DE/ROY A ,VIETNAMESE VILLAGE 9 ORD] TO SAVE IT4 ,AS ,IA9 ,MC,KAY PO9TS1 \T MO/ FEATURES ( W> COMMUNISM--ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T ( FACTORIES1 C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIC /RUCTURES BORR[$ FROM CAPITALISM1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! SOVIETS --0ALL !SE OCCURR$ BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> BROKE \T 9 LATE ,MAY #a#i#a#h40 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( ! ,R$ ,T]ROR1 ! P]IOD ( POLITICAL REPRESSION & MASS KILL+S ! ,BOL%EVIKS LAUN*$1 O/5SIBLY TO ]ADICATE 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION4 0,T]ROR10 H]E1 IS NOT A WORD APPLI$ BY APPALL$ HI/ORIANS AFT] ! FACT2 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY EMBRAC$ ! T]M TO DESCRIBE !IR RU?LESS POLICIES AT ! TIME4 ,L59 DI$ E>LY 5\< TO AVOID HAV+ TO ANSW] = !M4 ,TROTSKY1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAD TO SP5D MU* ( HIS TIME WRIGGL+ \T ( HIS RESPONSIBILITY = :AT ! REVOLUTION BECAME4 ,HE ALMO/ S+LE-H&$LY 9V5T$ AN 5TIRE G5RE ( POLITICAL APOLOGETICS1 FIRMLY E/ABLI%+ ! PRACTICE ( BLAM+ ,/AL9 = PRETTY MU* EV]Y?+4 ,:ATEV] HE C\LDN'T LAY AT ,/AL9'S FEET1 ACCORD+ TO ,PAUL ,MATTICK1 HE BLAM$ ON HI/ORICAL NECESSITY1 PRES5T+ E>LY ,BOL%EVISM AS A SORT ( 0RELUCTANT MON/]1 KILL+ & TORTUR+ 9 M]E SELF-DEF5SE40 ,! PROBLEM1 SAYS ,MATTICK1 IS ?AT !RE IS ALMO/ NO?+ 9 ,/AL9ISM ?AT DIDN'T ALSO EXI/ 9 ,L59ISM OR ,TROTSKYISM4 ,:ILE !RE MAY BE DIFF]5CES 9 ! TOTAL NUMB] ( VICTIMS EA* C\LD CLAIM1 ?IS HAD LESS TO DO ) ANY 0DEMOCRATIC 9CL9ATIONS0 ON ,L59'S P>T ?AN ON HIS RELATIVE WEAKNESS1 HIS 09ABILITY TO DE/ROY ALL NON-,BOL%EVIK ORGANIZATIONS AT ONCE40 ,& IT WAS ALL NON-,BOL%EVIKS :O W]E 9 ! CROS%AIRS1 NOT JU/ EXPLICITLY ,:ITE REACTION>IES1 & NOT EXCLUD+ ?OSE :O HAD REC5TLY F\DLESS ( !IR POLITICAL ORI5TATION4 0,LIKE ,/AL91 ,L59 CATALOG$ ALL HIS VICTIMS UND] ! HEAD+ 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4'0 ,! MA9 ORGAN *>G$ ) C>RY+ \T ,L59'S REPRESSIVE ORD]S1 ! ,*EKA 7,! ,ALL,RUSSIAN ,EM]G5CY ,COMMISSION = ,COMBAT+ ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION & ,SABOTAGE71 WAS CREAT$ ONLY WEEKS AFT] ! ,BOL%EVIKS CAME TO P[]4 0,! TOTALIT>IAN FEATURES ( ,L59'S ,BOL%EVISM W]E ACCUMULAT+ AT ! SAME RATE AT :I* ITS CONTROL & POLICE P[] GREW40 ,9 PRACTICAL T]MS1 MO/ ( ! ,RUSSIAN POPULATION--FROM AN>*I/S & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES TO /RIK+ WORK]S TO SAILORS DEM&+ DEMOCRATIC ELECTION ( !IR (FIC]S TO ! 5TIRE PEASANT CLASS --C\LD QUALIFY AS C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES4 ,NONE!LESS1 AS ,MATTICK OBS]VES3 ,IF ONE WANTS TO USE ! T]M AT ALL1 ! 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION0 POSSIBLE 9 ! ,RUSSIA ( #aiag WAS ?AT 9H]5T 9 ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 9 ! OPPORTUNITY IT (F]$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO RE/ORE A C5TRALLY-DIRECT$ SOCIAL ORD] = ! P]PETUATION ( ! CAPITALI/IC DIVORCE ( ! WORK]S FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! CONSEQU5T RE/ORATION ( ,RUSSIA AS A COMPET+ IMP]IALI/ P[]4 ,ON ! C5T5NIAL ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 IF !RE IS ONE ?+ WE HOPE Y\ TAKE FROM ?IS BOOK1 IT IS ! FACT ?AT ALL ! PUBLI%$ PANEGYRICS TO ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ALL ! POLITICAL P>TIES ?AT MODEL !MSELVES ON TYRANTS1 ALL ! EULOGIES TO ! 0LEAD]S ( G5IUS0 AT ! VANGU>D ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES--!SE TRIBUTES >E HONOR+ ! ACTUAL C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES ( HI/ORY1 ! DE/ROY]S ( REVOLUTIONS1 PEOPLE ) ! HE>TS ( PRISON W>D5S & HANGM54 0,! HI/ORY ( H[ ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS WAS DISPOSSESS$ IS NOT1 H[EV]1 A MATT] = AN ESOT]IC DISCUSSION AMONG POLITICAL CLIQUES10 WRITES ,BR9TON4 0,AN UND]/&+ ( :AT TOOK PLACE IS ESS5TIAL = EV]Y S]I\S SOCIALI/4 ,IT IS NOT M]E >*IVISM40 ,IF IT WAS1 TO P>APHRASE ,M>X1 !SE DEAD AU?ORIT>IANS W\LDN'T /ILL WEI< LIKE NIES ON ! BRA9S ( ! LIV+4 ,9EXPLICABLY1 ,M>XI/-,L59I/ & ,TROTSYI/ P>TIES /ILL EXI/4 ,& EV5 :5 NOT MEMB]S ( SU* P>TIES1 MANY RADICALS HAVE MATUR$ 9TO POLITICAL ADUL?OOD 9 A ,M>XI/ MILIEU ?AT SUFF]S FROM A SPLIT P]SONALITY ?AT NO AM\NT ( DIALECTICAL REASON+ CAN CURE4 ,EV] S9CE ! =MATION ( ! ,COM9T]N1 ?\S&S HAVE LEFT !IR C\NTRIES' ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 WAVES1 UNABLE TO TOL]ATE ?IS OR ?AT NEW BETRAYAL4 ,?OSE :O REMA9$ =M$ EXTREMELY H>D %ELLS1 BUT EV5 ! ONES :O FL$ HAD TO SOMEH[ JU/IFY !IR RELATION%IP TO A BLOOD/A9$ LEGACY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ALL ! S(T1 9SULAT+ LAY]S ( 0,WE/]N ,M>XISM0 9 ! WORLD CANNOT DISGUISE ! ,L59I/ PEA B5EA? ! MATTRESS4 ,NO NUMB] ( 0RETURNS0 TO ,M>X--OR1 EV5 BETT]1 TO E>LY ,M>X--CAN ESCAPE ! 9H]5T FLAW AT ! CORE ( EV]Y S+LE 9/ANCE ( ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALISMS4 ,EV]Y TIME ,M>XISM HAS BE5 FILT]$ ?R\< /ATE-C5T]$ MODELS ( SOCIAL *ANGE1 ! RESULTS HAVE RANG$ FROM BAD TO HORRIFIC4 ,?IS IS ! DEFECT HIDD5 )9 ALL P>TIES1 VANGU>DS1 CADRE1 CABALS1 & BUREAUCRATS3 !Y LEAD NOT TO COMMUNISM BUT TO A NEW CLASS ( OPPRESSORS4 ,A C5TURY HAS BE5 LONG 5\<4 ,IT IS TIME = A CLEAN BREAK4 ,WE MU/ REMOVE ,L59ISM FROM \R REVOLUTION>Y =MULAS & CRITIQUE :ATEV] ASPECTS ( ,M>XISM L5T !MSELVES TO ! ,BOL%EVIK DISA/]4 ,WE MU/ LE>N FROM ! HI/ORY CONTA9$ 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES1 & !N MAKE \R [N4 ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,>ON ,B>ON ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/