,*APT] #f 
,PREFACE TO ,IDA ,METT'S 0,! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMUNE0 BY ,MAURICE ,BR9TON 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B>RY ,PATEMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,AU?OR 3 ,IDA ,METT 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,FABBRI 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON 

,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,PREFACE TO ,IDA ,METT'S 0,! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMUNE0 BY ,MAURICE ,BR9TON 

,! FIFTIE? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WILL BE ASSESS$1 ANALYZ$1 CELEBRAT$ OR BEMOAN$ 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS4 

,TO ! P$DL]S ( RELIGI\S MY/ICISM & TO ! ADVOCATES ( 0FRE$OM ( 5T]PRISE10 ,SVETLANA ,/AL9'S S5SATIONAL 7& WELL-TIM$7 DEFECTION WILL 0PROVE0 ! RESILI5CE ( !IR RESPECTIVE DOCTR9ES1 N[ %[N AS CAPABLE ( SPR\T+ ON :AT AT FIR/ SI<T W\LD APPE> RA!R B>R5 SOIL4 

,TO 9CORRIGIBLE LIB]ALS1 ! REC5T1 CAUTI\S RE9TRODUCTION ( ! PR(IT MOTIVE 9TO C]TA9 SECTORS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ECONOMY WILL 0PROVE0 ?AT LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS IS SYNONYM\S ) HUMAN NATURE & ?AT A RATIONALLY PLANN$ ECONOMY WAS ALWAYS A PI\S PIPE-DREAM4 

,TO ?OSE 0LEFTS0 7LIKE ! LATE ,ISAAC ,DEUTS*]7 :O SAW 9 ,RUSSIA'S 9DU/RIALIZATION AN AUTOMATIC GU>ANTEE ( MORE LIB]AL ATTITUDES 9 DAYS TO COME1 ! IMPRISONM5T ( ,DANIEL & ,S9YAVSKY = ?\<T-CRIME 7& ! CURR5T P]SECUTION ( ?OSE :O /OOD UP = !M7 WILL HAVE COME AS A RES\ND+ SLAP 9 ! FACE4 

,TO ! 0,M>XI/-,L59I/S0 ( ,*9A 7& ,ALBANIA71 ,RUSSIA'S RAPPRO*EM5T ) ! ,U,S,A1 H] PASSIVITY 9 ! REC5T ,MIDDLE ,EA/ CRISIS1 H] SIGN+ ( ! ,TE/ ,BAN ,TREATY & H] REACTION>Y 9FLU5CE ON REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! COLONIAL C\NTRIES WILL ALL BE> TE/IMONY TO H] HEADLONG SLI!R 9TO ! SWAMP ( REVISIONISM1 FOLL[+ ! ,GREAT ,/AL9'S DEA?4 7,/AL91 IT WILL BE REMEMB]$1 WAS ! >*ITECT ( SU* REVOLUTION>Y1 NON-REVISIONI/1 MEASURES AS ! ELIM9ATION ( ! ,OLD ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! ,MOSC[ ,TRIALS1 ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 ! ,NAZI-,SOVIET ,PACT1 ! ,TEHRAN & ,YALTA ,AGREEM5TS & ! DYNAMIC /RUGGLES ( ! ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 ! IMM$IATE PO/W> YE>S1 /RUGGLES :I* L$ TO !IR DIRECT SEIZURE ( P[] 9 !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES47 

,TO ! ,YUGOSLAVS1 RE9TEGRAT$ AT LA/ AFT] !IR ADOLESC5T W&]+ FROM ! FOLD1 ! REEM]G5CE ( 0SANITY0 9 ,MOSC[ WILL BE SE5 AS CORROBORATION ( !IR WOR/ SUSPICIONS4 ,! #aidh 0TR\BLES0 W]E CLE>LY ALL DUE TO ! MA*9ATIONS ( ! WICK$ ,B]IA4 ,MIHAJLO ,MIHAJLOV N[ SUCCE$S ,DJILAS BEH9D ! B>S ( A PEOPLE'S PRISON 444 JU/ TO REM9D POLITICAL H]ETICS ?AT1 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA TOO1 0PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY0 IS CONF9$ TO ?OSE :O REFRA9 FROM ASK+ AWKW>D QUE/IONS4 

,TO ! ,TROTSKYI/S ( ALL ILK--AT LEA/ TO ?OSE /ILL CAPABLE ( ?9K+ = !MSELVES--! M]E FACT ( ! FIFTIE? ANNIV]S>Y CELEBRATIONS %\LD BE FOOD = ?\<T4 ,:AT DO WORDS MEAN8 ,H[ 0TRANSITIONAL0 CAN A TRANSITIONAL SOCIETY BE8 ,>5'T F\R DECADES ( 0,BONAP>TISM0 9 DANG] ( MAK+ ! WORD A TRIFLE MEAN+LESS8 ,LIKE ! UNFL9*+ ,*RI/IANS C>RY+ !IR CROSS1 WILL UNFL9*+ ,TROTSKYI/S GO ON C>RY+ !IR QUE/ION M>K 7CONC]N+ ! FUTURE EVOLUTION ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY7 = ! RE/ ( !IR E>?LY EXI/5CE8 ,= H[ MU* LONG] WILL !Y GO ON G>GL+ ) ! OLD SLOGANS ( 0CAPITALI/ RE/ORATION OR ADVANCE T[>DS SOCIALISM0 PROPOS$ BY !IR M5TOR 9 HIS ,REVOLUTION ,BETRAY$ 444 ?IRTY YE>S AGO6 ,SURELY ONLY ! BL9D CAN N[ FAIL TO SEE ?AT ,RUSSIA IS A CLASS SOCIETY ( A NEW TYPE1 & HAS BE5 = SEV]AL DECADES4 

,?OSE :O HAVE %$ !SE MY/IFICATIONS--OR :O HAVE NEV] BE5 BL9D$ BY !M--WILL SEE ?+S DIFF]5TLY4 ,!Y WILL S5SE ?AT !RE CAN BE NO VE/IGE ( SOCIALISM 9 A SOCIETY :OSE RUL]S CAN PHYSICALLY ANNIHILATE ! ,HUNG>IAN ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS1 D5\NCE EQUALIT>IANISM & WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION AS 0PETTY-B\RGEOIS0 OR 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/0 DEVIATIONS1 & ACCEPT ! COLD-BLOOD$ MURD] ( A :OLE G5]ATION ( REVOLUTION>IES AS M]E 0VIOLATIONS ( SOCIALI/ LEGALITY10 TO BE RECTIFI$--OH SO G+]LY & TACTFULLY-- BY ! TE*NIQUE ( 0SELECTIVE PO/HUM\S REHABILITATION40 ,IT WILL BE OBVI\S TO !M ?AT SOME?+ W5T S]I\SLY WRONG ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,:AT WAS IT8 ,& :5 DID ! 0DEG5]ATION 0 />T8 

,H]E AGA9 ! ANSW]S DIFF]4 ,= SOME ! 0EXCESSES0 OR 0MI/AKES0 >E ATTRIBUTABLE TO A SPITEFUL P>ANOIA SL[LY SNEAK+ UP ON ! S5ESC5T ,/AL94 ,?IS 9T]PRETATION 7AP>T FROM TACITLY ACCEPT+ ! V]Y 0CULT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL0 :I* ITS ADVOCATES W\LD CLAIM TO DECRY7 FAILS1 H[EV]1 TO ACC\NT = ! REPRESSIONS ( REVOLUTION>IES & ! CONCILIATIONS ) IMP]IALISM P]PETRAT$ AT A MU* E>LI] P]IOD4 ,= O!RS ! 0DEG5]ATION0 SET 9 ) ! F9AL DEFEAT ( ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION AS AN ORGANIZ$ =CE 7#a#i#b#g71 OR ) ,L59'S DEA? 7#a#i#b#d71 OR ) ! ABOLITION ( FACTIONS AT ! T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS 7#a#i#b#a74 ,= ! ,BORDIGI/S ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY 7#a#i#b#a7 IRREVOCABLY /AMP$ ,RUSSIA AS 0/ATE CAPITALI/40 ,O!RS1 RI<TLY REJECT+ ?IS PREOCCUPATION ) ! M9UTIAE ( REVOLUTION>Y *RONOMETRY1 /RESS MORE G5]AL FACTORS1 ALBEIT 9 \R OP9ION SOME ( ! LESS IMPORTANT ONES4 

,\R PURPOSE 9 PUBLI%+ ?IS TEXT AB\T ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS ( #aiba IS NOT TO DRAW UP AN ALT]NATIVE TIMETABLE4 ,NOR >E WE LOOK+ = POLITICAL ANCE/ORS4 ,! CON/RUCTION ( AN OR?ODOX APO/OLIC SUCCESSION IS ! LEA/ ( \R PREOCCUPATIONS4 7,9 A CON/ANTLY *ANG+ WORLD IT W\LD ONLY TE/IFY TO \R !ORETICAL /]ILITY47 ,\R OCCUPATION IS SIMPLY TO DOCUM5T SOME ( ! REAL-- BUT LESS WELL-KN[N--/RUGGLES ?AT TOOK PLACE AGA9/ ! GR[+ BUREAUCRACY DUR+ ! E>LY PO/-REVOLUTION>Y YE>S1 AT A TIME :5 MO/ ( ! LAT] CRITICS ( ! BUREAUCRACY W]E P>T & P>CEL ( ! APP>ATUS ITSELF4 

,! FIFTIE? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION PRES5TS US ) ! ABSURD SI<T ( A ,RUSSIAN RUL+ CLASS 7:I* EV]Y DAY RESEMBLES MORE ITS ,WE/]N C\NT]P>T7 SOLEMNLY CELEBRAT+ ! REVOLUTION :I* OV]?REW B\RGEOIS P[] & ALL[$ ! MASSES1 = A BRIEF MOM5T1 TO 5VISAGE A TOTALLY NEW K9D ( SOCIAL ORD]4 

,:AT MADE ?IS TRAGIC P>ADOX POSSIBLE8 ,:AT %ATT]$ ?IS VISION8 ,H[ DID ! ,REVOLUTION DEG5]ATE8 

,MANY EXPLANATIONS >E (F]$4 ,! HI/ORY ( H[ ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS WAS DISPOSSESS$ IS NOT1 H[EV]1 A MATT] = AN ESOT]IC DISCUSSION AMONG POLITICAL CLIQUES1 :O COMP5SATE = !IR [N IRRELEVANCE BY M5TAL J\RNEYS 9TO ! 5*ANT$ WORLD ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PA/4 ,AN UND]/&+ ( :AT TOOK PLACE IS ESS5TIAL = EV]Y S]I\S SOCIALI/4 ,IT IS NOT M]E >*IVISM4 

,NO VIABLE RUL+ CLASS RULES BY =CE ALONE4 ,TO RULE IT MU/ SUCCE$ 9 GETT+ ITS [N VISION ( REALITY ACCEPT$ BY SOCIETY AT L>GE4 ,! CONCEPTS BY :I* IT ATTEMPTS TO LEGITIMIZE ITS RULE MU/ BE PROJECT$ 9TO ! PA/4 ,SOCIALI/S HAVE CORRECTLY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! HI/ORY TAU<T 9 B\RGEOIS S*OOLS REVEALS A P>TICUL>1 DI/ORT$1 VISION ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS A MEASURE ( ! WEAKNESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT SOCIALI/ HI/ORY REMA9S = ! MO/ P>T UNWRITT54 

,:AT PASSES AS SOCIALI/ HI/ORY IS (T5 ONLY A MIRROR IMAGE ( B\RGEOIS HI/ORIOGRAPHY1 A P]COLATION 9TO ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ( TYPICALLY B\RGEOIS ME?ODS ( ?9K+4 ,9 ! WORLD ( ?IS TYPE ( 0HI/ORIAN0 LEAD]S ( G5IUS REPLACE ! K+S & QUE5S ( ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,FAM\S CONGRESSES1 SPLITS OR CONTROV]SIES1 ! RISE & FALL ( POLITICAL P>TIES OR UNIONS1 ! EM]G5CE OR DEG5]ATION ( ?IS OR ?AT LEAD]%IP REPLACE ! 9T]NEC9E BATTLES ( ! RUL]S ( ! PA/4 ,! MASSES NEV] APPE> 9DEP5D5TLY ON ! HI/ORICAL /AGE1 MAK+ !IR [N HI/ORY4 ,AT BE/ !Y ONLY 0SUPPLY ! /EAM10 5ABL+ O!RS TO DRIVE ! LOCOMOTIVE1 AS ,/AL9 SO DELICATELY PUT IT4 

0,MO/ ( ! TIME1 '(FICIAL' HI/ORIANS DON'T HAVE EYES TO SEE OR E>S TO HE> ! ACTS & WORDS :I* EXPRESS ! WORK]S' SPONTANE\S ACTIVITY 444 ,!Y LACK ! CATEGORIES ( ?\<T--ONE MI<T EV5 SAY ! BRA9 CELLS--NECESS>Y TO UND]/& OR EV5 TO P]CEIVE ?IS ACTIVITY AS IT REALLY IS4 ,TO !M AN ACTIVITY ?AT HAS NO LEAD] OR PROGRAM1 NO 9/ITUTIONS & NO /ATUTES1 CAN ONLY BE DESCRIB$ AS 'TR\BLES' OR 'DISORD]S4' ,! SPONTANE\S ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES BELONGS BY DEF9ITION TO :AT HI/ORY SUPPRESSES40-- 

,?IS T5D5CY TO ID5TIFY WORK+ CLASS HI/ORY ) ! HI/ORY ( ITS ORGANIZATIONS1 9/ITUTIONS & LEAD]S IS NOT ONLY 9ADEQUATE--IT REFLECTS A TYPICALLY B\RGEOIS VISION ( MANK9D1 DIVID$ 9 ALMO/ PREORDA9$ MANN] BETWE5 ! FEW :O WILL MANAGE & DECIDE1 & ! MANY1 ! MALLEABLE MASS1 9CAPABLE ( ACT+ CONSCI\SLY ON ITS [N BEHALF1 & =EV] DE/9$ TO REMA9 ! OBJECT 7& NEV] ! SUBJECT7 ( HI/ORY4 ,MO/ HI/ORIES ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION R>ELY AM\NT TO MORE ?AN ?IS4 

,! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY WAS UNIQUE 9 ?AT IT PRES5T$ A VIEW ( HI/ORY BAS$ ON \TRI<T LIES RA!R ?AN ON ! MORE USUAL MIXTURE ( SUBTLE DI/ORTION & SELF-MY/IFICATION4 ,BUT ,KHRU%*EV'S REVELATIONS & SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE CAUS$ (FICIAL ,RUSSIAN V]SIONS ( EV5TS 79 ALL !IR V>IANTS7 TO BE QUE/ION$ EV5 BY MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,EV5 ! GRADUATES ( :AT ,TROTSKY CALL$ 0! ,/AL9 S*OOL ( FALSIFICATION0 >E N[ BEG9N+ TO REJECT ! LIES ( ! ,/AL9I/ ]A4 ,\R TASK IS TO TAKE ! PROCESS ( DEMY/IFICATION A LITTLE FUR!R4 

,( ALL ! 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?AT ( ,ISSAC ,DEUTS*] IS ! MO/ WIDELY ACCEPT$ ON ! ,LEFT4 ,IT E*OES MO/ ( ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ! ,TROTSKYI/S4 ,AL?\< AN IMPROVEM5T ON ! ,/AL9I/ V]SIONS1 IT IS H>DLY SUFFICI5T4 ,! DEG5]ATION IS SE5 AS DUE TO /RICTLY CONJUNCTURAL FACTORS 7! ISOLATION ( ! REVOLUTION 9 A BACKW>D C\NTRY1 ! DEVA/ATION CAUS$ BY ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! OV]:ELM+ WEI<T ( ! PEASANTRY1 ETC474 ,!SE FACTORS >E UND\BT$LY V]Y IMPORTANT4 ,BUT ! GR[? ( ! BUREAUCRACY IS MORE ?AN JU/ AN ACCID5T 9 HI/ORY4 ,IT IS A WORLDWIDE PH5OM5ON1 9TIMATELY L9K$ TO A C]TA9 /AGE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( WORK+ CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT IS ! T]RIBLE PRICE PAID BY ! WORK+ CLASS = ITS DELAY 9 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! TRUE & F9AL EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF1 & CANNOT BE 5TRU/$ TO O!RS1 ALLEG$LY ACT+ ON ITS BEHALF4 ,IF 0SOCIALISM IS ,MAN'S TOTAL & POSITIVE SELFCONSCI\SNESS0 7,M>X1 #a#h#d#d71 ! EXP]I5CE 7& REJECTION7 ( ! BUREAUCRACY IS A /EP ON ?AT ROAD4 

,! ,TROTSKYI/S D5Y ?AT E>LY OPPOSITIONS TO ! DEVELOP+ BUREAUCRACY HAD ANY REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y !Y D5\NCE ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION & ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS AS BASICALLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,REAL OPPOSITION1 = !M1 />TS ) ! PROCLAMATION--)9 ! ,P>TY--( ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION ( #a#i#b#c4 ,BUT ANYONE 9 ! LEA/ FAMILI> ) ! P]IOD WILL KN[ ?AT BY #aibc ! WORK+ CLASS HAD ALREADY SU/A9$ A DECISIVE DEFEAT4 ,IT HAD LO/ P[] 9 PRODUCTION TO A GR\P ( MANAG]S APPO9T$ FROM ABOVE4 ,IT HAD ALSO LO/ P[] 9 ! ,SOVIETS1 :I* W]E N[ ONLY <O/S ( !IR =M] SELVES1 ONLY A RUBB] /AMP = ! EM]G+ BUREAUCRACY4 ,! ,LEFT ,OPPO/ION F\<T )9 ! CONF9ES ( ! ,P>TY1 :I* WAS ITSELF ALREADY HI<LY BUREAUCRATIZ$4 ,NO SUB/ANTIAL NUMB] ( WORK]S RALLI$ TO ITS CAUSE4 ,!IR WILL TO /RUGGLE HAD BE5 SAPP$ BY ! LONG /RUGGLE ( ! PREC$+ YE>S4 

,OPPOSITION TO ! ANTI-WORK+-CLASS MEASURES BE+ TAK5 BY ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP 9 ! YE>S IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ ! REVOLUTION TOOK MANY =MS & EXPRESS$ ITSELF ?R\< MANY DIFF]5T *ANNELS & AT MANY DIFF]5T LEVELS4 ,IT EXPRESS$ ITSELF )9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF1 ?R\< A NUMB] ( OPPOSITIONAL T5D5CIES ( :I* ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 7,KOLLONTAI1 ,LUTOV9OV1 ,%LYAPNIKOV7 IS ! BE/ KN[N4-- ,\TSIDE ! ,P>TY ! REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION F\ND HET]OG5\S EXPRESSION1 9 ! LIFE ( A NUMB]1 (T5 ILLEGAL GR\PS 7SOME AN>*I/1 SOME AN>*O-SYNDICALI/1 SOME /ILL PR(ESS+ !IR BASIS FAI? 9 ,M>XISM74-- ,IT ALSO F\ND EXPRESSION 9 SPONTANE\S1 (T5 0UNORGANIZ$0 CLASS ACTIVITY1 SU* AS ! BIG ,L5+RAD /RIKES ( #aiba & ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+4 ,IT F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ! 9CREAS+ RESI/ANCE ( ! WORK]S TO ,BOL%EVIK 9DU/RIAL POLICY 7& 9 P>TICUL> TO ,TROTSKY'S ATTEMPTS TO MILIT>IZE ! TRADE UNIONS74 ,IT ALSO F\ND EXPRESSION 9 PROLET>IAN OPPOSITION TO ,BOL%EVIK ATTEMPTS TO EVICT ALL O!R T5D5CIES FROM ! ,SOVIETS1 ?US EFFECTIVELY GAGG+ ALL ?OSE SEEK+ TO RE-ORI5T SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION ALONG 5TIRELY DIFF]5T L9ES4 

,AT AN E>LY /AGE SEV]AL T5D5CIES HAD /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRATIC DEG5]ATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BY PO/HUM\SLY EXCLUD+ !M FROM ! RANKS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y1 ,TROTSKYI/S1 ,L59I/S & O!RS COMMIT A D\BLE 9JU/ICE4 ,FIR/LY !Y EXCOMMUNICATE ALL ?OSE :O =ESAW & /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ! NASC5T BUREAUCRACY PRIOR TO #a#i#b#c1 !REBY TURN+ A DEAF E> TO SOME ( ! MO/ P]T95T & VALID CRITICISMS EV] VOIC$ AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRACY4 

,SECONDLY !Y WEAK5 !IR [N CASE1 = IF ! DEM&S = FREELY ELECT$ ,SOVIETS1 = FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION 7PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY7 & = WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION W]E WRONG 9 #a#i#b#a1 :Y DID !Y BECOME P>TIALLY CORRECT 9 #a#i#b#c8 ,:Y >E !Y CORRECT N[8 ,IF 9 #aiba ,L59 & ,TROTSKY REPRES5T$ ! 0REAL 9T]E/S0 ( ! WORK]S 7AGA9/ ! ACTUAL WORK]S71 :Y C\LDN'T ,/AL98 ,:Y C\LDN'T ,KAD> 9 ,HUNG>Y 9 #a#i#e#f8 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ S*OOL ( HAGIOGRAPHY HAS HELP$ TO OBSCURE ! REAL LESSONS ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRACY4 

,:5 ONE S]I\SLY /UDIES ! CRUCIAL YE>S AFT] #a#i#a#g1 :5 ! FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS /ILL 9 ! MELT+ POT1 ONE IS DRIV5 AGA9 & AGA9 TO ! TRAGIC EV5TS ( ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ ( ,M>* #a#i#b#a4 ,!SE EV5TS EPITOMIZE1 9 A BLOODY & DRAMATIC MANN]1 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 TWO CONCEPTS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 TWO REVOLUTION>Y ME?ODS1 TWO TYPES ( REVOLUTION>Y E?OS4 ,:O DECIDES :AT IS OR IS NOT 9 ! LONG T]M 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,:AT ME?ODS >E P]MISSIBLE 9 SETTL+ DIFF]5CES BETWE5 REVOLUTION>IES8 ,& :AT ME?ODS >E D\BLE-$G$ & ONLY CAPABLE 9 ! LONG RUN ( H>M+ ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF8 

,!RE IS REM>KABLY LITTLE ( A DETAIL$ NATURE AVAILABLE 9 ,5GLI% AB\T ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS4 ,! ,/AL99/ HI/ORIES1 REVIS$ & RE-$IT$ ACCORD+ TO ! FLUCTUAT+ =TUNES ( ,P>TY FUNCTION>IES1 >E NOT WOR? ! PAP] !Y >E WRITT5 ON4 ,!Y >E AN 9SULT TO ! 9TELLIG5CE ( !IR READ]S1 DEEM$ 9CAPABLE ( COMP>+ ! SAME FACTS DESCRIB$ 9 E>LI] & LAT] $ITIONS ( ! SAME BOOK4 

,TROTSKY'S WRIT+S AB\T ,KRON/ADT >E FEW & MORE CONC]N$ AT RETROSPECTIVE JU/IFICATION & AT SCOR+ DEBAT+ PO9TS AGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/S ?AN AT S]I\SLY ANALYZ+ ?IS P>TICUL> EPISODE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4.<#a#i#h.> ,TROTSKY & ! ,TROTSKYI/S >E P>TICUL>LY KE5 TO P]PETUATE ! MY? ?AT !Y W]E ! FIR/ & ONLY COH]5T ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC T5D5CY4 ,ALL !IR WRIT+S SEEK TO HIDE H[ F> ! BUREAUCRATIZATION ( BO? ,P>TY & ,SOVIETS HAD ALREADY GONE BY #a#i#b#a--I4E4 H[ F> IT HAD GONE DUR+ ! P]IOD :5 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY W]E 9 FULL & UNDISPUT$ CONTROL4 ,! TASK = S]I\S REVOLUTION>IES TODAY IS TO SEE ! L9K BETWE5 ,TROTSKY'S ATTITUDES & PRON\NCEM5TS DUR+ & BE=E ! 0GREAT TRADE UNION DEBATE0 ( #a#i#b-#b#a & ! HEAL?Y HO/ILITY TO ,TROTSKYISM ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ & REVOLUTION>Y LAY]S ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS HO/ILITY WAS TO MANIFE/ ITSELF-->MS 9 H&--DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+4 ,IT WAS TO MANIFE/ ITSELF AGA9 TWO OR ?REE YE>S LAT]--?IS TIME BY FOLD$ >MS--:5 !SE ADVANC$ LAY]S FAIL$ TO RALLY TO ,TROTSKY'S SUPPORT1 :5 HE AT LA/ *OSE TO *ALL5GE ,/AL91 )9 ! LIMIT$ CONF9ES ( A ,P>TY MA*9E1 T[>DS :OSE BUREAUCRATIZATION HE HAD SIGNALLY CONTRIBUT$4.<#a#i#i.> 

,DEUTS*] 9 ,! ,PROPHET ,>M$ VIVIDLY DEPICTS ! BACKGR\ND ( ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! YE>S ( ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! SUFF]+1 ! ECONOMIC DISLOCATION1 ! %E] PHYSICAL EXHAU/ION ( ! POPULATION4 ,BUT ! PICTURE IS ONE-SID$1 ITS PURPOSE TO /RESS ?AT ! 0IRON WILL ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS0 WAS ! ONLY ELEM5T ( ORD]1 /ABILITY & CONT9UITY 9 A SOCIETY ?AT WAS HOV]+ ON ! BR9K ( TOTAL COLLAPSE4 ,HE PAYS SCANT ATT5TION TO ! ATTEMPTS MADE BY GR\PS ( WORK]S & REVOLUTION>IES--BO? )9 ! ,P>TY & \TSIDE ITS RANKS--TO ATTEMPT SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION ON AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T BASIS1 FROM BEL[4.<#b.> ,HE DOES NOT DISCUSS ! SU/A9$ OPPOSITION & HO/ILITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION OR 9 FACT TO ANY L>GE-SCALE 5DEAVOR :I* ESCAP$ !IR DOM9ATION OR CONTROL4.<#b#a.> ,( ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS !MSELVES1 ( ! ,BOL%EVIK CALUMNIES AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT & ( ! FR5ZI$ REPRESSION ?AT FOLL[$ ! EV5TS ( ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 ,DEUTS*] SAYS NEXT TO NO?+1 EXCEPT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS W]E 0GR\NDLESS40 ,DEUTS*] TOTALLY FAILS TO SEE ! DIRECT RELATION BETWE5 ! ME?ODS US$ BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY 9 #aiba & ?OSE O!R ME?ODS1 P]FECT$ BY ,/AL9 & LAT] US$ AGA9/ ! ,OLD ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES DUR+ ! NOTORI\S ,MOSC[ TRIALS ( #a#i#c#f1 #aicg & #a#i#c#h4 

,9 ,VICTOR ,S]GE'S ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y !RE IS A *APT] DEVOT$ TO ,KRON/ADT4.<#b#b.> ,S]GE'S WRIT+S >E P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+ 9 ?AT HE WAS 9 ,L5+RAD 9 #aiba & SUPPORT$ :AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E DO+1 ALBEIT RELUCTANTLY4 ,HE DID NOT H[EV] RESORT TO ! SL&]S & MISREPRES5TATIONS ( O!R LEAD+ ,P>TY MEMB]S4 ,HIS COMM5TS ?R[ LI<T ON ! ALMO/ S*IZOPHR5IC FRAME ( M9D ( ! RANK & FILE ( ! ,P>TY AT ?AT TIME4 ,= DIFF]5T REASONS NEI!R ! ,TROTSKYI/S NOR ! AN>*I/S HAVE =GIV5 ,S]GE HIS ATTEMPTS TO RECONCILE :AT WAS BE/ 9 !IR RESPECTIVE DOCTR9ES3 ! CONC]N ) REALITY & ! CONC]N ) PR9CIPLE4 

,EASILY AVAILABLE & WOR?:ILE AN>*I/ WRIT+S ON ! SUBJECT 79 ,5GLI%7 >E VIRTUALLY NON-EXI/5T1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT MANY AN>*I/S CONSID] ?IS >EA RELEVANT TO !IR IDEAS4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE & ,B]KMAN'S ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY? CONTA9 SOME VIVID BUT HI<LY SUBJECTIVE PAGES AB\T ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION4 ,! ,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT BY ,ANTON ,CILIGA 7PRODUC$ AS A PAMPHLET 9 #a#i#d#b7 IS AN EXCELL5T %ORT ACC\NT :I* SQU>ELY FACES UP TO SOME ( ! FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES4 ,IT HAS BE5 UNAVAILABLE = YE>S4 ,VOL9E'S ACC\NT1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS TOO SIMPLI/IC4 ,COMPLEX PH5OM5A LIKE ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT CANNOT BE MEAN+FULLY 9T]PRET$ BY LOAD$ G5]ALIZATIONS LIKE 0AS ,M>XI/S1 AU?ORIT>IANS & /ATI/S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS C\LD NOT P]MIT ANY FRE$OM OR 9DEP5D5T ACTION ( ! MASSES40 7,MANY HAVE >GU$ ?AT !RE >E /RONG ,BLANQUI/ & EV5 ,BAKUN9I/ /R&S 9 ,BOL%EVISM1 & ?AT IT IS PRECISELY !SE DEP>TURES FROM ,M>XISM ?AT >E AT ! ROOT ( ,BOL%EVISM'S 0ELITI/0 IDEOLOGY & PRACTICE47 ,VOL9E EV5 REPROA*ES ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS ) 0SPEAK+ ( P[] 7! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS7 9/EAD ( GETT+ RID ( ! WORD & ( ! IDEA ALTOGE!R 4440 ,! PRACTICAL /RUGGLE H[EV] WAS NOT AGA9/ 0WORDS0 OR EV5 0IDEAS40 ,IT WAS A PHYSICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ !IR CONCRETE 9C>NATION 9 HI/ORY 79 ! =M ( B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS74 ,IT IS A SYMPTOM ( AN>*I/ MUDDLE-HEAD$NESS ON ?IS SCORE ?AT !Y CAN BO? REPROA* ! ,BOL%EVIKS ) DISSOLV+ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY 444 & ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS = PROCLAIM+ ?AT !Y /OOD = SOVIET P[]6.<#b#c.> ,! 0,SOVIET AN>*I/S0 CLE>LY P]CEIV$ :AT WAS AT /AKE--EV5 IF MANY ( !IR SUCCESSORS FAIL TO4 ,!Y F\<T TO DEF5D ! DEEPE/ CONQUE/ ( ,OCTOB]--SOVIET P[]--AGA9/ ALL ITS USURP]S1 9CLUD+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,\R [N CONTRIBUTION TO ! FIFTIE? ANNIV]S>Y CELEBRATIONS WILL NOT CONSI/ 9 ! USUAL PANEGYRICS TO ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ,RUSSIAN ROCKETRY4 ,NOR WILL WE *ANT PEANS TO ,RUSSIAN PIG-IRON /ATI/ICS4 ,9DU/RIAL EXPANSION MAY BE ! PR]EQUISITE = A FULL]1 BETT] LIFE = ALL BUT IS 9 NO WAY SYNONYM\S ) SU* A LIFE1 UNLESS ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS HAVE BE5 REVOLUTIONIZ$4 ,WE >E MORE CONC]N$ AT ! SOCIAL CO/S ( ,RUSSIAN A*IEVEM5TS4 

,SOME P]CEIV$ :AT !SE CO/S W\LD BE AT A V]Y E>LY /AGE4 ,WE >E 9T]E/$ 9 BR++ !IR PROPHETIC W>N+S TO A F> WID] AUDI5CE4 ,! F9AL MASSACRE AT ,KRON/ADT TOOK PLACE ON ,M>* #a#h1 #a#i#b#a1 EXACTLY FIFTY YE>S AFT] ! SLAU<T] ( ! ,COMMUN>DS BY ,?I]S & ,CALLIFFET4 ,! FACTS AB\T ! ,COMMUNE >E WELL KN[N4 ,BUT FIFTY YE>S AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WE /ILL HAVE TO SEEK BASIC 9=MATION AB\T ,KRON/ADT4 ,! FACTS >E NOT EASY TO OBTA94 ,!Y LIE BURI$ UND] ! M\NTA9S ( CALUMNY & DI/ORTION HEAP$ ON !M BY ,/AL9I/S & ,TROTSKYI/S ALIKE4 

,! PUBLICATION ( ?IS PAMPHLET 9 ,5GLI%1 AT ?IS P>TICUL> TIME1 IS P>T ( ?IS 5DEAVOR4 ,IDA ,METT'S BOOK ,LA ,COMMUNE DE ,CRON/ADT WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#c#h4 ,IT WAS REPUBLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE T5 YE>S LAT] BUT HAS BE5 UNOBTA9ABLE = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,9 #aifb & #aifc C]TA9 P>TS ( IT W]E TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% & APPE>$ 9 ,SOLID>ITY 7,I,I1 #f TO #a#a74 ,WE N[ HAVE PLEASURE 9 BR++ TO ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ READ]S A SLI<TLY ABRIDG$ V]SION ( ! BOOK AS A :OLE1 :I* CONTA9S MAT]IAL HI!RTO UNAVAILABLE 9 ,BRITA94 

,AP>T FROM V>I\S TEXTS PUBLI%$ 9 ,KRON/ADT ITSELF 9 ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 ,IDA ,METT'S BOOK CONTA9S ,PETRI*5KO'S OP5 LETT] ( #a#i#b#f1 ADDRESS$ TO ! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,PETRI*5KO WAS ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,HIS LETT] REF]S TO DISCUSSIONS 9 ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C,P,G,B ON ! SUBJECT ( ,KRON/ADT1 DISCUSSIONS :I* SEEM TO HAVE ACCEPT$ ?AT !RE WAS NO EXTRANE\S 9T]V5TION DUR+ ! UPRIS+4 

7,MEMB]S ( ! ,C,P & O!RS MI<T SEEK FUR!R 5LI<T5M5T ON ! MATT] FROM ,K+ ,/REET1 :OSE >*IVES ON ! MATT] %\LD MAKE 9T]E/+ READ+47 

,IDA ,METT WRITES FROM AN AN>*I/ VIEWPO9T4 ,H] WRIT+S H[EV] REPRES5T :AT IS BE/ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION ( 0CLASS /RUGGLE0 AN>*ISM4 ,%E ?9KS 9 T]MS ( A COLLECTIVE1 PROLET>IAN SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALISM4 ,! REJECTION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM1 ! PREOCCUPATION ) TRANSC5D5TAL MORALITY & ) P]SONAL SALVATION ?AT *>ACT]IZE SO MANY ( ! AN>*I/S ( TODAY %\LD NOT = A M9UTE DETRACT 0,M>XI/S0 FROM PAY+ S]I\S ATT5TION TO :AT %E WRITES4 ,WE DO NOT NECESS>ILY 5DORSE ALL H] JUDGM5TS & HAVE--9 FOOTNOTES--CORRECT$ ONE OR TWO M9OR FACTUAL 9ACCURACIES 9 H] TEXT4 ,SOME ( H] G5]ALIZATIONS SEEM TO US TOO SWEEP+ & SOME ( H] ANALYZES ( ! BUREAUCRATIC PH5OM5ON TOO SIMPLE TO BE ( REAL USE4 ,BUT AS A *RONICLE ( :AT TOOK PLACE BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ,KRON/ADT1 H] ACC\NT REMA9S UNSURPASS$4 

,H] TEXT ?R[S 9T]E/+ LI<T ON ! ATTITUDE TO ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ %[N AT ! TIME BY V>I\S ,RUSSIAN POLITICAL T5D5CIES 7AN>*I/S1 ,M5%EVIKS1 ,LEFT & ,RI<T ,S4,R4S1 ,BOL%EVIKS1 ETC474 ,SOME :OSE APPROA* TO POLITICS IS SUP]FICIAL 9 ! EXTREME 7& = :OM A SME> OR A SLOGAN IS A SUB/ITUTE = REAL UND]/&+7 WILL PO9T ACCUS+LY TO SOME ( ?IS TE/IMONY1 TO SOME ( !SE RESOLUTIONS & MANIFE/OS AS EVID5CE IRREVOCABLY DAMN+ ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS4 0,LOOK10 !Y WILL SAY1 0:AT ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,RI<T ,S,RS W]E SAY+4 ,LOOK AT H[ !Y W]E CALL+ = A RETURN TO ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 & AT ! SAME TIME PROCLAIM+ !IR SOLID>ITY ) ,KRON/ADT4 ,ISN'T ?IS PRO( POSITIVE ?AT ,KRON/ADT WAS A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL8 ,Y\ Y\RSELVES ADMIT ?AT ROGUES LIKE ,VICTOR ,*]NOV1 ,PRESID5T ELECT ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 (F]$ TO HELP ! ,KRON/ADT]S8 ,:AT FUR!R EVID5CE IS NE$$80 

,WE >E NOT AFRAID ( PRES5T+ ALL ! FACTS TO \R READ]S4 ,LET !M JUDGE = !MSELVES4 ,IT IS \R FIRM CONVICTION ?AT MO/ ,TROTSKYI/S & ,L59I/S >E-- & >E KEPT--AS IGNORANT ( ?IS P]IOD ( ,RUSSIAN HI/ORY AS ,/AL9I/S >E ( ! P]IOD ( ! ,MOSC[ ,TRIALS4 ,AT BE/ !Y VAGUELY S5SE ! PRES5CE ( SKELETONS 9 ! CUPBO>D4 ,AT WOR/ !Y VAGUELY P>ROT :AT !IR LEAD]S TELL !M1 9TELLECTUALLY TOO LAZY OR POLITICALLY TOO WELL-CONDITION$ TO PROBE = !MSELVES4 ,REAL REVOLUTIONS >E NEV] 0PURE40 ,!Y UNLEA% ! DEEPE/ PASSIONS ( M54 ,PEOPLE ACTIVELY P>TICIPATE OR >E DRAGG$ 9TO ! VORTEX ( SU* MOVEM5TS = A V>IETY ( (T5 CONTRADICTORY REASONS4 ,CONSCI\SNESS & FALSE CONSCI\SNESS >E 9EXTRICABLY MIX$4 ,A RIV] 9 FULL FLOOD 9EVITABLY C>RIES A C]TA9 AM\NT ( RUBBI%4 ,A REVOLUTION 9 FULL FLOOD C>RIES A NUMB] ( POLITICAL CORPSES--& MAY EV5 MOM5T>ILY GIVE !M A SEMBLANCE ( LIFE4 

,DUR+ ! ,HUNG>IAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aief MANY W]E ! MESSAGES ( V]BAL OR MORAL SUPPORT = ! REBELS1 EMANAT+ FROM ! ,WE/1 PI\SLY PREA*+ ! VIRTUES ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY OR ( FREE 5T]PRISE4 ,! OBJECTIVE ( ?OSE :O SPOKE 9 !SE T]MS W]E ANY?+ BUT ! 9/ITUTION ( A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,BUT !IR SUPPORT = ! REBELS REMA9$ PURELY V]BAL1 P>TICUL>LY :5 IT BECAME CLE> TO !M :AT ! REAL OBJECTIVES ( ! REVOLUTION W]E3 A FUNDAM5TAL DEMOCRATIZATION ( ,HUNG>IAN 9/ITUTIONS )\T A REV]SION TO PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

,! BACKBONE ( ! ,HUNG>IAN REVOLUTION WAS ! NETWORK ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,!IR MA9 DEM&S W]E = WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & = A GOV]NM5T BAS$ ON ! C\NCILS4 ,!SE FACTS JU/IFI$ ! SUPPORT ( REVOLUTION>IES ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,DESPITE ! ,M9DSZ5TYS4 ,DESPITE ! ,SMALLHOLD]S & ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS--OR !IR %AD[S--N[ TRY+ TO JUMP ON TO ! REVOLUTION>Y B&WAGON4 ,! CLASS CRITI]ION IS ! DECISIVE ONE4 

,SIMIL> CONSID]ATIONS APPLY TO ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION4 ,ITS CORE WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y SAILORS4 ,ITS MA9 OBJECTIVES W]E ONES ) :I* NO REAL REVOLUTION>Y C\LD DISAGREE4 ,?AT O!RS S\<T TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION IS 9EVITABLE--& IRRELEVANT4 ,IT IS A QUE/ION ( :O IS CALL+ ! TUNE4 

,ATTITUDES TO ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS1 EXPRESS$ NE>LY FIFTY YE>S AFT] ! EV5T (T5 PROVIDE DEEP 9SI<T 9TO ! POLITICAL ?9K+ ( CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>IES4 ,!Y MAY 9 FACT PROVIDE A DEEP] 9SI<T 9TO !IR CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S AIMS ?AN MANY A LE>N$ DISCUSSION AB\T ECONOMICS1 OR PHILOSOPHY1 OR AB\T O!R EPISODES ( REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY4 

,IT IS A QUE/ION ( ONE'S BASIC ATTITUDE AS TO :AT SOCIALISM IS ALL AB\T4 ,:AT >E EPITOMIZ$ 9 ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS >E SOME ( ! MO/ DIFFICULT PROBLEMS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY & REVOLUTION>Y E?ICS3 ! PROBLEMS ( 5DS & MEANS1 ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,P>TY & MASSES1 9 FACT ( :E!R A ,P>TY IS NECESS>Y AT ALL4 

,CAN ! WORK+ CLASS BY ITSELF ONLY DEVELOP A TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS40.<#b#d.> ,%\LD IT EV5 BE ALL[$1 AT ALL TIMES1 TO GO ?AT F>8.<#b#e.> 

,OR CAN ! WORK+ CLASS DEVELOP A DEEP] CONSCI\SNESS & UND]/&+ ( ITS 9T]E/S ?AN CAN ANY ORGANIZATION ALLEG$LY ACT+ ON ITS BEHALF8 ,:5 ! ,/AL9I/S OR ,TROTSKYI/S SPEAK ( ,KRON/ADT AS 0AN ESS5TIAL ACTION AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY10 :5 MORE 0SOPHI/ICAT$0 REVOLUTION>IES REF] TO IT AS A 0TRAGIC NECESSITY10 ONE IS 5TITL$ TO PAUSE = A MOM5T4 ,ONE IS 5TITL$ TO ASK H[ S]I\SLY !Y ACCEPT ,M>X'S DICTUM ?AT 0! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ! TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF40 ,DO !Y TAKE ?IS S]I\SLY OR DO !Y PAY M]E LIP-S]VICE TO ! WORDS8 ,DO !Y ID5TIFY SOCIALISM ) ! AUTONOMY 7ORGANIZATIONAL & IDEOLOGICAL7 ( ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,OR DO !Y SEE !MSELVES1 ) !IR WISDOM AS TO ! 0HI/ORICAL 9T]E/S0 ( O!RS1 & ) !IR JUDGM5TS AS TO :AT %\LD BE 0P]MITT$10 AS ! LEAD]%IP >\ND :I* ! FUTURE ELITE WILL CRY/ALLIZE & DEVELOP8 ,ONE IS 5TITL$ NOT ONLY TO ASK 444 BUT ALSO TO SUGGE/ ! ANSW]6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/