,*APT] #a 
,AN>*Y & 0,SCI5TIFIC0 ,COMMUNISM BY ,LUIGI ,FABBRI 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B>RY ,PATEMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,AU?OR 3 ,IDA ,METT 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,FABBRI 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON 

,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,AN>*Y & 0,SCI5TIFIC0 ,COMMUNISM BY ,LUIGI ,FABBRI 

,I4 ,! B\RGEOIS PHRASEOLOGY ( 0SCI5TIFIC0 COMMUNISM 

,A %ORT :ILE AGO1 ?R\< ! PUBLI%+ FIRM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,ITALY1 A LITTLE TWELVE-PAGE PAMPHLET WAS ISSU$ BY ?AT 0SUP]LATIVE !ORETICIAN0 7AS HE WAS 9TRODUC$ TO ! PUBLIC 9 ! SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ PRESS7 ,NIKOLAI ,BUKH>94 ,IT BORE ! POMP\S TITLE ,AN>*Y & ,SCI5TIFIC ,COMMUNISM4 ,LET US JU/ HAVE A LOOK & SEE H[ MU* 0SCI5CE0 !RE IS 9 IT4 

,BUKH>9 DOES NOT SET \T ANY TRUE NOTION ( AN>*ISM1 ANY ( ! PO9TS 9 ! AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ PROGRAM AS !Y TRU?FULLY >E2 NOR DOES HE TAKE ! TR\BLE TO 9=M HIMSELF ON AN>*I/ ?9K+ BY DRAW+ UPON ! PRIM>Y S\RCES ( ! AN>*I/S' HI/ORICAL & !ORETICAL LIT]ATURE4 ,ALL HE DOES IS P>ROT WELL WORN CLI*ES1 TALK+ )\T BE+ C>EFUL TO KEEP FAI? ) :AT HE HAS HE>D SAID1 & ALL[+ HIS IMAG9ATION TO RUN RIOT 9 RELATION TO ?OSE FACETS ( AN>*ISM ?AT HE KN[S LEA/ AB\T4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO F9D SU* A FAILURE TO COMPREH5D ! !ORY & TACTICS ( AN>*Y S9CE ! SUP]FICIAL & UNTRU/WOR?Y HACKWORK ( ! B\RGEOISIE ?IRTY OR =TY YE>S AGO4 

,:5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 IT IS A RA!R BANAL & UNIMPORTANT PIECE ( WRIT+4 ,BUT IT HAS BE5 DI/RIBUT$ 9 ,ITALY ?R\< ! GOOD (FICES ( A P>TY MO/ ( :OSE MEMB]S >E PROLET>IANS1 & IT IS PRES5T$ TO WORK]S AS A REFUTATION ( AN>*ISM4 ,! ,ITALIAN PUBLI%]S DEPICT ,BUKH>9'S BOOKLET AS A WORK ( 0ADMIRABLE CL>ITY ?AT GIVES A DEF9ITIVE ACC\NT ( ! 

,9,C,O,N,S,I,/,5,C,Y ,& ,A,B,S,U,R,D,I,T,Y ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,D,O,C,T,R,9,E40 ,SO IT IS ,WOR? ! TR\BLE ( %[+ H[ NO?+ CAN BE MORE ABSURD1 9CONSI/5T OR RIDICUL\S ?AN ! 0SCI5CE0 ( KN[-NO?+ ) :I* HE TRIES TO DISCR$IT ! NOTION ( AN>*Y4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ,BUKH>9'S PAMPHLET HAS FURNI%$ US ) YET ANO!R OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE PROPAG&A = \R VIEWS AMONG ! WORK]S1 :O >E \R SPECIAL T>GET1 \R SUPREME OCCUPATION2 WE >E C]TA9LY NOT TRY+ TO W9 OV] ! AU?OR P]SONALLY1 OR ! PUBLI%]S ( HIS PAMPHLET1 AS ?IS W\LD BE WA/+ \R TIME4 .<#b.> 

,IF WE >E TO SPELL \T ! EMPT9ESS & IGNORANCE :I* PREVAILS AMONG ?OSE :O /YLE !MSELVES 0SCI5TIFIC0--IT'S ALWAYS ! MO/ IGNORANT :O FEEL ! NE$ TO %[ (F !IR ACADEMIC CR$5TIALS1 BONA FIDE OR O!RWISE--!N ! PHRASEOLOGY !Y DRESS UP 9 %\LD BE SUFFICI5T4 

,!IR T]M9OLOGY IS LIKE ! POMP ) :I* OV]BE>+ PEOPLE SURR\ND !MSELVES & ! POSES !Y /RIKE1 MOV+ AMONG FOLK 9 AN >ROGANT FA%ION1 SAY+3 0,/& ASIDE & LET US ?R\<2 WOE BETIDE ANYONE :O FAILS TO TAKE HIS HAT (F TO \R EXCELL5CE40 ,&1 9 !IR B\NDLESS >ROGANCE1 !Y LOOK D[N ON ALL M]E MORTALS AS !Y SPEAK1 UNAW>E ?AT :AT !Y SAY TO ?OSE !Y ADDRESS IS NOT ONLY 9ANE BUT ALSO G5U9ELY 9SULT+--SU* AS MI<T BE EXPECT$ ( SOME UN$UCAT$ BUMPK94 

,LI/51 = 9/ANCE1 TO ! POMP\S T]MS 9 :I* ,BUKH>9 ADDRESSES ! AN>*I/S1 ?R[+ 9 !IR FACES ! FACT ?AT HE IS CONDESC5D+ TO DEBATE !ORIES ( :I* HE IS IGNORANT4 

0,WE HAVE PURPOSELY AVOID$ >GU+ AGA9/ AN>*I/S AS IF !Y W]E DEL9QU5TS1 CRIM9ALS1 B&ITS1 & SO ON40 

,?AT IS ! L9E ( JESUITS :O TEA* ONE H[ TO 9SULT :ILE PRET5D+ ?AT IT IS NOT ! 9T5TION4444 ,BUT SAY+ ?AT1 HE ONLY CONCLUDES FUR!R ON ?AT ! AN>*I/ GR\PS SPAWN 0?OSE :O EXPROPRIATE = ! SAKE ( !IR [N POCKETS10 ?IEVES IF ONE LIKES1 & ?AT 0AN>*I/S ATTRACT DEL9QU5TS40 

,:AT IMPUD5CE6 ,9 !IR HATR$ = REBEL SPIRITS1 = ALL :O HAVE TOO MU* LOVE ( LIB]TY TO B[ TO !IR :IMS & K[T[ BE=E !IR IMPOSITIONS1 :E!R 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T TODAY OR 9 ! REVOLUTION TOMORR[1 !Y DO NOT %R9K FROM TAK+ ! MUD-SL++1 LIBEL\S ACTIVITIES ( (FICIALDOM & ( ! B\RGEOIS PRESS AS !IR MODEL 9 ATTACK+ ! AN>*I/S4 ,ONE W\LD ?9K ONE WAS READ+ POLICE LIBELS6 ,& CAN ALL ?IS RUBBI%1 !SE WOR/ CLI*ES ( CRUDE SL&]1 BE SUMM$ UP UND] ! HEAD+ 0SCI5CE08 

,H[ CAN ONE CONDUCT A DEBATE LIKE ?AT8 ,! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION LAYS NO CLAIM TO BE+ COMPOS$ ( SUP]IOR BE+S2 NATURALLY 5\<1 ITS PEOPLE HAVE ! FOIBLES ?AT ALL MORTALS %>E & CONSEQU5TLY1 LIKE ANY P>TY ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION TOO HAS ITS %ORTCOM+S1 ITS DEADWEI<T2 & !RE WILL ALWAYS BE 9DIVIDUALS :O SEEK TO CLOAK !IR [N MORBID1 ANTI-SOCIAL T5D5CIES ) ITS COLORS4 ,BUT NO MORE SO ?AN IS ! CASE ) O!R P>TIES4 ,JU/ ! OPPOSITE6 ,9 FACT1 ! WOR/ =MS ( DEL9QU5CY1 ! SPAWN ( SELFI%NESS & AMBITION1 ! SPIRIT ( 9T]E/ & GRE$ %UN AN>*ISM1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT 9 IT !RE IS LITTLE OR NO?+ TO GA9 & EV]Y?+ TO LOSE4 

,TAKE IT FROM US1 Y\ 0SCI5TIFIC10 COMMUNI/S1 ?AT WE C\LD EASILY REPLY 9 K9D TO ?IS SORT ( ATTACK1 W]E IT NOT ?AT WE BELIEVE WE W\LD BE DEMEAN+ \RSELVES & ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO PO9T 9 SO DO+6 ,IT IS NOT AMONG ! AN>*I/S ?AT ONE C\LD MO/ EASILY F9D 0?OSE :O0 --AS ,BUKH>9 PUTS IT--0EXPLOIT ! REVOLUTION = !IR [N PRIVATE GA910 9 ,RUSSIA OR \TSIDE IT4444 

,AS DEPICT$ BY ,BUKH>91 AN>*Y W\LD BE 0A PRODUCT ( ! DIS9TEGRATION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY10 SOME SORT ( CONTAGION1 SPREAD+ *IEFLY AMONG ! DREGS ( SOCIETY1 AMONG ATOMIZ$ 9DIVIDUALS \TSIDE ANY CLASS :O LIVE ONLY = !MSELVES1 :O DO NO WORK1 ORGANICALLY UNABLE TO CREATE A NEW WORLD OR NEW VALUES3 PROLET>IANS1 PETITE B\RGEOIS1 DECAD5T 9TELLECTUALS1 IMPOV]I%$ PEASANTS1 & SO ON4 

,:AT ,BUKH>9 TAKES = 0AN>*Y0 W\LD NOT BE AN IDEOLOGY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT RA!R A PRODUCT ( ! IDEOLOGICAL DISSOLUTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! IDEOLOGY ( A HORDE ( BEGG>S4 ,ELSE:]E HE CALLS IT ! 0,SOCIALISM ( ! ,MOB10 ( AN IDLE1 VAGRANT PROLET>IAT4.<#c.> ,9 ANO!R SECTION ( HIS ANTIAN>*I/ PAMPHLET1 ,BUKH>9 DUBS IT ! 0RAGG$ MOB40 

,BELIEVE ME1 READ]S1 IT IS NOT A MATT] ( EXAGG]ATION4 ,ALL ,I HAVE REPEAT$ UP TO N[ >E WORD = WORD QUOTATIONS1 ONLY %ORT5$ & COND5S$ = CONSID]ATIONS ( SPACE3 5\<1 ( C\RSE1 TO GIVE AN IDEA ( :AT ,BUKH>9 SEES AS NO?+ LESS ?AN ! SOCIAL BASIS ( AN>*Y4 

,H[EV] LITTLE !Y KN[ AB\T AN>*ISM1 WORK]S READ+ US--EV5 ?OSE LEA/ 9 SYMPA?Y ) US--KN[ 5\< TO REA* !IR [N CONCLUSIONS AS TO !SE EXTRAVAGANT SIMPLIFICATIONS4 ,RUSSIA IS NOT ! ONLY PLACE :]E !RE >E AN>*I/S1 SO ! ,ITALIAN WORK]S NE$ NOT MI/AKE WILL O' ! WISPS = LANT]NS OR BELIEVE FAIRY TALES AB\T OGRES & WIT*ES4 ,ITALY'S PROLET>IANS1 AMONG :OM ! AN>*I/S >E EV]Y:]E RA!R NUM]\S1 >E 9 A POSITION TO ANSW] = US ?AT !RE IS NO TRU? 9 ALL ,BUKH>9'S FANTASIES4 

,AN>*ISM1 :ILE IT DOES NOT CLAIM TO BE ! 0DOCTR9E ( ! PROLET>IAT0--IT CLAIMS1 RA!R1 TO BE A HUMAN TEA*+--IS DE FACTO A TEA*+ :OSE FOLL[]S >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY PROLET>IANS3 B\RGEOIS1 PETIT B\RGEOIS1 SO-CALL$ 9TELLECTUALS OR PR(ESSIONAL PEOPLE1 ETC41 >E V]Y FEW & F> BETWE5 & WIELD NO PR$OM9ANT 9FLU5CE4 ,!RE >E 9F9ITELY MORE ( !SE WIELD+ A PR$OM9ANT 9FLU5CE1 9 ALL ?OSE O!R P>TIES :I* NO D\BT CALL !MSELVES PROLET>IAN P>TIES1 NOT EXCLUD+ ! 0COMMUNI/0 P>TY4 ,&1 AS A G5]AL RULE1 AN>*I/ PROLET>IANS >E NOT1 9 FACT1 AN ESPECIALLY SUP]IOR OR 9F]IOR SECTOR2 !Y WORK AS O!R WORK]S DO1 BELONG TO ALL TRADES1 CAN BE F\ND 9 SMALL AS WELL AS BIG 9DU/RY1 9 FACTORIES1 AMONG ! >TISANS1 9 ! FIELDS2 !Y BELONG TO ! SAME LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AS O!RS DO1 & SO =?4 

,NATURALLY1 !RE >E AN>*I/S AMONG ! L[E/ ORD]S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 TOO --AMONG ?OSE :OM ,BUKH>9 CONDESC5D+LY LABELS ! RAGG$ MOB-- BUT ?AT IS BY NO MEANS AN EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/ PH5OM5ON4 ,IF ?AT W]E ! CASE1 

IF 9 FACT ALL BEGG>S1 ALL ?OSE 9 RAGS1 ALL ! HORDE ?AT SUFF]S MO/ UND] CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION1 W]E TO COME 9TO \R RANKS1 WE W\LD NOT BE DISPLEAS$ 9 ! SLI<TE/2 WE %\LD WELCOME !M ) OP5 >MS1 ) NO UNJU/ DISDA9 OR MISPLAC$ PREJUDICE4 ,BUT--TO GIVE ! LIE TO ,BUKH>9'S FANTA/IC CATALOG--IT IS A FACT ?AT AN>*Y DOES HAVE ITS FOLL[]S AMONG !SE ORD]S1 9 ! SAME PROPORTIONS AS AMONG ! O!RS1 AS DO ALL ! O!R P>TIES1 ! COMMUNI/ P>TY 9CLUD$4 

,& :AT DOES ?AT LEAVE ( ,BUKH>9'S PHONY SCI5TIFIC T]M9OLOGY 9 HIS ATTACK ON AN>*ISM8 

,NO?+1 EXCEPT ! SO-TO-SPEAK UNCONSCI\S REVEAL+ ( A FRAME ( M9D ?AT \<T TO PUT ! PROLET>IAT ON ITS GU>D1 & AL]T IT S]I\SLY TO ! RISKS IT WILL BE RUNN+ %\LD IT HAVE ! MIS=TUNE TO 5TRU/ ITS FUTURE TO !SE DOCTR9AIRE *AMPIONS ( A DICTATORIAL COMMUNISM4 

,JU/ :O IS IT :O SPEAKS SO SCORNFULLY ( ! 0RAGG$ MOB10 ! 0HORDE ( BEGG>S10 0DREGS10 & SO ON8 ,NONE O!R ?AN ?OSE PETITE B\RGEOIS1 :E!R OLD OR NEW1 COM+ FROM BO? ! B\RGEOISIE & ! PROLET>IAT1 :O RULE ! ROO/ !SE DAYS 9 ORGANIZATIONS1 P>TIES & ! LABOR PRESS1 LEAD]S ( ALL SORTS :O REPRES5T ! RUL+ CLASS ( ! FUTURE1 YET ANO!R M9ORITY GR\P :O1 UND] SOME GUISE OR O!R1 WILL EXPLOIT & OPPRESS ! BROAD MASSES1 & :O SURR\ND !MSELVES ) ! MORE =TUNATE ORD]S ( ! CITIZ5 PROLET>IAT-- ! ONES 9 L>GE 9DU/RY--TO ! EXCLUSION & DETRIM5T ( ALL O!RS4 

,BUKH>9 IMPRUD5TLY ADMITS AS MU* 9 HIS LITTLE PAMPHLET :5 HE MAKES ! ,REVOLUTION & COMMUNISM A SORT ( MONOPOLY WIELD$ EXCLUSIVELY BY ?AT SECTOR ( ! PROLET>IAT WELD$ TOGE!R BY ! APP>ATUS ( L>GESCALE PRODUCTION4 0,A#a#a ! O!R /RATA ( ! POOR CLASSES10 HE GOES ON TO SAY1 0CAN ONLY BECOME AG5TS ( REVOLUTION :5EV] !Y PROTECT ! RE> ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,N[1 !SE 0POOR CLASSES0 \TSIDE BIG 9DU/RY1 >E !Y NOT PROLET>IAT8 ,IF !Y >E !N ,BAKUN9'S PROPHECY ?AT ! T9Y M9ORITY ( 9DU/RIAL WORK]S CAN BECOME AN EXPLOIT] & RUL] OV] ! BROAD MASSES ( ! POOR W\LD BE PROV5 RI<T4 ,EV5 IF ?IS IS NOT SPELL$ \T EXPLICITLY1 IT CAN BE S5S$ FROM ! LANGUAGE ?AT !SE FUTURE RUL]S--9 ,RUSSIA TODAY !Y >E ALREADY 9 A POSITION ( CONTROL--USE AS REG>DS ! HAPLESS POOR CLASSES1 TO :OM !Y AW>D ! PASSIVE MISSION ( PLAC+ !MSELVES AT ! RE> ( ! M9ORITY :O WANT TO GET 9TO P[]4 ,I REPEAT1 ?IS SCORNFUL1 SUP]CILI\S LANGUAGE REVEALS A FRAME ( M9D3 A FRAME ( M9D TYPICAL ( BOSSES1 RUL]S1 9 DEAL+S ) !IR S]FS & SUBJECTS4 ,IT IS ! SAME LANGUAGE ?AT AMONG US IS US$ BY C>E]I/S FROM ! B\RGEOISIE &1 ABOVE AH1 ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE--T]MS LIKE 0BEGG>1 RAGAMUFF91 DREGS1 NO CREATIVE ABILITY1 DON'T WORK10 & SO ON4 

,LET ,ITALIAN WORK]S READ ,BUKH>9'S BOOKLET3 TO PROVE ! WOR? ( \R >GUM5TS1 WE HAVE NO NE$ TO WEAVE A CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE AB\T :AT \R OPPON5TS WRITE & SAY1 NOR DO WE NE$ TO D[NGRADE OR MISREPRES5T !IR ?9K+4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE HAVE EV]Y 9T]E/ 9 PROLET>IANS BE+ ABLE TO COMP>E & CONTRA/ \R ?9K+ ) OPPOS+ IDEAS4 ,BUT IF !Y DO READ ,BUKH>9'S FEW PAGES ( WRIT+1 WE CAN'T SAY :AT ! REACTION WILL BE :5 !Y F9D ! \TRAGE\S B\RGEOIS T]M9OLOGY CURR5TLY US$ TO LA% ALL WORK]S & REVOLUTION>IES 9 ,ITALY--9CLUD+ ! COMMUNI/S1 NO LESS6-- DIRECT$ AGA9/ AN>*I/S4 

,) ALL ?IS IT IS NONE O!R ?AN ,BUKH>9 :O HAS ! N]VE TO SAY ?AT ! ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S ,>,E ,A,T ,O,N,E ,) ,! ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S,I,E ,& ,C,O,L,L,A,B,O,R,A,T,I,O,N,I,/ ,P,>,T,I,E,S ,A,G,A,9,/ ,! ,P,[,] ,( ,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T4 

,NATURALLY 5\<1 ,BUKH>9 TAKES C>E TO BACK UP ?IS CLAIM--DEFAMATION PURE & SIMPLE--) >GUM5TS & FACTS6 ,! FACTS1 ! :OLE FIFTY-YE> HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM1 ! H]OISM ( SO MANY ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S KILL$ S9CE #aiag AT ! FRONT1 WEAPON 9 H&1 9 ! DEF5SE ( !IR C\NTRY'S REVOLUTION1 ALL ?IS GOES TO PROVE COMPLETELY ! OPPOSITE4 

,AN>*I/S FI<T ALL P[]1 ALL DICTATOR%IP1 EV5 %\LD IT WE> ! PROLET>IAN COLORS4 ,BUT !Y HAVE NO NE$ TO JO9 UP ) ! B\RGEOIS OR GO 9 = COLLABORATION TO DO SO1 9 ,RUSSIA OR ANY:]E ELSE4 ,AN>*I/S CAN TAKE PRIDE 9 ! FACT ?AT !IRS IS EV]Y:]E ! ONLY ORGANIZATION ?AT--AT ! CO/ ( ALMO/ ALWAYS BE+ ALONE 9 DO+ SO--HAS ALWAYS S9CE IT FIR/ EM]G$1 BE5 IMPLACABLY & 9TRANSIG5TLY OPPOS$ TO ANY =M ( /ATE COLLABORATION OR CLASS COLLABORATION1 NEV] WAV]+ FROM !IR POSITION ( 5MITY = ! B\RGEOISIE4 

,BUT WE HAVE NOT TAK5 UP \R P5 M]ELY TO DEBATE & REFUTE VACU\S1 LIBEL\S & \TRAGE\S TURNS ( PHRASE4 ,!RE IS ALSO1 9 ,BUKH>9'S BOOKLET1 AN ATTEMPT TO DISCUSS SOME IDEAS ( AN>*ISM1 OR IDEAS ) :I* IT IS CR$IT$2 & IT IS TO ?IS 7H[EV] PA!TIC7 ASPECT ?AT WE %ALL DEVOTE ! BULK ( ?IS %ORT PIECE ( POLEMIC & PROPAG&A ( \RS--HAV+ LESS TO DO ) ,BUKH>9 & MORE ) ! >GUM5TS ALLUD$ TO H]E & !RE1 KEEP+ ! DISCUSSION AS IMP]SONAL AS POSSIBLE1 & TAK+ NO FUR!R NOTICE ( ! IRRITAT+1 ANTIREVOLUTION>Y T]MS 9 :I* \R OPPON5T C\*ES ! FEW >GUM5TS HE IS ABLE TO MU/]4 

,I,I4 ,! ,/ATE & ! ,C5TRALIZATION ( ,PRODUCTION 

,= SOME TIME N[1 COMMUNI/ WRIT]S--& ,BUKH>9 ESPECIALLY AMONG !M --HAVE BE5 WONT TO ACCUSE AN>*I/S ( A C]TA9 ]ROR1 :I* AN>*I/S ON ! O!R H& HAVE ALWAYS D5I$1 & :I*1 UNTIL REC5T TIMES1 C\LD BE LAID EXCLUSIVELY AT ! DOOR ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 TO WIT ?AT ( R$UC+ ! :OLE PO9T ( ISSUE BETWE5 M>XISM & AN>*ISM 9TO ! QUE/ION ( ! F9AL OBJECTIVE ( ! ABOLITION OR NON-ABOLITION ( ! /ATE 9 ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4 

,AT ONE TIME1 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/S :O !N1 AS ! COMMUNI/S ( TODAY DO1 /YL$ !MSELVES 0SCI5TIFIC10 AFFIRM$ ! NE$ = ! /ATE 9 ! SOCIALI/ REGIME & 9 SO DO+ CLAIM$ TO BE M>XI/S4 ,UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY1 AN>*I/ WRIT]S W]E MORE OR LESS ! ONLY ONES :O EXPOS$ ?IS AS A MISREPRES5TATION ( M>XISM4 ,N[1 ON ! O!R H&1 AN EF=T IS UND] WAY TO MAKE !M JO9TLY RESPONSIBLE = ?AT MISREPRES5TATION4 

,AT ! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ & WORK]S' CONGRESS 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#h#i#f--:]E MU* ?\<T WAS GIV5 TO EXCLUD+ AN>*I/S 7:O1 AT ?AT TIME1 W]E ALONE 9 CLAIM+ ! TITLE ( COMMUNI/S7 FROM 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y DID NOT ACCEPT ! CONQUE/ ( P[] AS MEANS OR AS 5D--IT WAS NONE O!R ?AN ,]RICO ,MALATE/A :O M5TION$ ?AT ORIG9ALLY AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S HAD %>$ A COMMON GOAL 9 ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 & ?AT ON ?AT P>TICUL> ISSUE M>XI/S HAD P>T$ COMPANY ) ! !ORIES ( ,M>X HIMSELF4 

,TIME )\T NUMB]1 9 ! WRIT+S ( AN>*I/S1 ! WELL KN[N AN>*I/IC CON/RUCTION ,K>L ,M>X PLAC$ UPON SOCIALISM 9 #a#h#g#b1 9 ! MID/ ( ONE ( HIS MO/ VIOL5T POLEMICS ) ,BAKUN9 HAS BE5 QUOT$3 

,:AT ALL SOCIALI/S UND]/& BY AN>*Y IS ?IS3 ONCE ! AIM ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T1 ! ABOLITION ( CLASSES1 HAS BE5 ATTA9$2 ! P[] ( ! /ATE1 :I* S]VES TO KEEP ! GREAT MAJORITY ( PRODUC]S UND] ! YOKE ( A NUM]ICALLY SMALL EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY1 DISAPPE>S1 & ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T >E TRANS=M$ 9TO SIMPLE ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS4.<#d.> 

,WE DO NOT F9D ?IS M>XI/ NOTION ( :AT AN>*Y IS ACCEPTABLE1 = WE DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! /ATE WILL NATURALLY OR 9EVITABLY DIE AWAY AUTOMATICALLY AS A RESULT ( ! ABOLITION ( CLASSES4 ,! /ATE IS MORE ?AN AN \TCOME ( CLASS DIVISIONS2 IT IS1 AT ONE & ! SAME TIME1 ! CREATOR ( PRIVILEGE1 !REBY BR++ AB\T NEW CLASS DIVISIONS4 ,M>X WAS 9 ]ROR 9 ?9K+ ?AT ONCE CLASSES HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ ! /ATE W\LD DIE A NATURAL DEA?1 AS IF ?R\< LACK ( N\RI%M5T4 ,! /ATE WILL NOT DIE AWAY UNLESS IT IS DELIB]ATELY DE/ROY$1 JU/ AS CAPITALISM WILL NOT CEASE TO EXI/ UNLESS IT IS PUT TO DEA? ?R\< EXPROPRIATION4 ,%\LD A /ATE BE LEFT /&+1 IT WILL CREATE A NEW RUL+ CLASS AB\T ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 IF IT *OOSES NOT TO MAKE ITS PEACE ) ! OLD ONE4 ,9 %ORT1 CLASS DIVISIONS WILL P]SI/ & CLASSES WILL NEV] BE F9ALLY ABOLI%$ AS LONG AS ! /ATE REMA9S4 

,BUT H]E IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( SEE+ H[ MU* !RE MAY BE 9 :AT ,M>X ?\<T CONC]N+ ! 5D ( ! /ATE4 ,IT IS A FACT ?AT M>XISM AGREES ) AN>*ISM 9 =ESEE+ ?AT COMMUNISM IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! DEA? ( ! /ATE3 ONLY1 ACCORD+ TO M>XISM1 ! /ATE MU/ DIE A NATURAL DEA?1 :]EAS AN>*ISM HOLDS ?AT IT CAN ONLY DIE A VIOL5T ONE4 

,&1 LET US SAY IT AGA91 ! AN>*I/S HAVE PO9T$ ?IS \T--9 !IR POLEMICS ) ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS--TIMES )\T NUMB] FROM #ahh UP TO ! PRES5T DAY4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S1 :ILE RI<TLY CRITICAL ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC IDEA 7:I* !Y D\BTLESS ALSO CR$IT1 MI/AK5LY AS IT HAPP5S1 TO AN>*I/S7 ?AT ! BASIC DIFF]5CE BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM IS 9 ! F9AL GOAL ( ELIM9AT+ ! /ATE1 MAKE 9 !IR TURN A MI/AKE ?AT IS SIMIL> & P]HAPS MORE GRAVE4 

,!Y1 & ON !IR BEHALF ,BUKH>91 MA9TA9 ?AT ! 0REAL DIFF]5CE0 BETWE5 AN>*I/S & /ATE COMMUNI/S IS ?IS3 ?AT :]EAS ! COMMUNI/'S 0IDEAL SOLUTION 444IS C5TRALIZ$ PRODUCTION ME?ODICALLY ORGANIZ$ 9 L>GE UNITS1 ,! ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S' ,I,D,E,A,L ,C,O,N,S,I,/,S ,( ,E,/,A,B,L,I,%,+ ,T,9,Y ,C,O,M,M,U,N,E,S ,:,I,*1 ,B,Y ,!,I,R ,V,],Y ,/,R,U,C,T,U,R,E1 ,>,E ,D,I,S,Q,U,A,L,I,F,I,$ ,F,R,O,M ,M,A,N,A,G,+ ,A,N,Y ,L,>,G,E ,5,T,],P,R,I,S,E,S1 ,B,U,T444 ,L,9,K ,U,P ,?,R,\,< ,A ,N,E,T,W,O,R,K ,( ,F,R,E,E ,C,O,N,T,R,A,C,T,S40 .<#e.> 

,IT W\LD BE 9T]E/+ TO LE>N 9 :AT AN>*I/ BOOK1 PAMPHLET OR PROGRAM SU* AN 0IDEAL0 IS SET \T1 OR EV5 SU* A H>D & FA/ RULE6 

,ONE W\LD NE$ TO KN[1 = 9/ANCE1 :AT /RUCTURAL 9ADEQUACIES DEB> A SMALL COMMUNITY FROM MANAG+ A L>GE UNIT1 & H[ FREE CONTRACTS OR FREE EX*ANGES & SO ON >E NECESS>Y OB/ACLES TO ?AT4 ,?US1 /ATE COMMUNI/S IMAG9E ?AT 0AN>*I/S >E = SMALL SCALE DEC5TRALIZ$ PRODUCTION40 ,:Y SMALL SCALE8 

,! BELIEF IS PROBABLY ?AT DEC5TRALIZATION ( FUNCTIONS ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E MEANS FALL+ PRODUCTION & ?AT L>GE SCALE PRODUCTION1 ! EXI/5CE ( VA/ ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUC]S1 IS IMPOSSIBLE UNLESS IT IS C5TRALLY MANAG$ FROM A S+LE1 C5TRAL (FICE1 9 ACCORDANCE ) A S+LE PLAN ( MANAGEM5T4 ,N[ ?AT IS 9FANTILE6 

,M>XI/ COMMUNI/S1 ESPECIALLY ,RUSSIAN ONES1 >E BEGUIL$ BY ! DI/ANT MIRAGE ( BIG 9DU/RY 9 ! ,WE/ OR 9 ,AM]ICA & MI/AKE = A SY/EM ( PRODUCTION :AT IS ONLY A TYPICALLY CAPITALI/ MEANS ( SPECULATION1 A MEANS ( EX]CIS+ OPPRESSION ALL ! MORE SECURELY2 & !Y DO NOT APPRECIATE ?AT ?AT SORT ( C5TRALIZATION1 F> FROM FULFILL+ ! REAL NE$S ( PRODUCTION1 IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 PRECISELY :AT RE/RICTS IT1 OB/RUCTS IT & APPLIES A BRAKE TO IT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( CAPITAL4 

,:5EV] DICTATORIAL COMMUNI/S TALK AB\T 0NECESSITY ( PRODUCTION0 !Y MAKE NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 ?OSE NECESSITIES UPON :I* H+E ! PROCUREM5T ( A GREAT] QUANTITY & HI<] QUALITY ( PRODUCTS--?IS BE+ ALL ?AT MATT]S FROM ! SOCIAL & COMMUNI/ PO9T ( VIEW--& ! NECESSITIES 9H]5T 9 ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 ! CAPITALI/S' NECESSITY TO MAKE MORE PR(IT EV5 %\LD IT MEAN PRODUC+ LESS TO DO SO4 ,IF CAPITALISM T5DS TO C5TRALIZE ITS OP]ATIONS1 IT DOES SO NOT = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ONLY = ! SAKE ( MAK+ & ACCUMULAT+ MORE MONEY--SOME?+ :I* NOT UNCOMMONLY LEADS CAPITALI/S TO LEAVE HUGE TRACTS ( L& UNTILL$1 OR TO RE/RICT C]TA9 TYPES ( PRODUCTION2 & EV5 TO DE/ROY F9I%$ PRODUCTS6 ,ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS ASIDE1 ?IS IS NOT ! REAL PO9T AT ISSUE BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S4 

,:5 IT COMES TO ! MAT]IAL & TE*NICAL ME?OD ( PRODUCTION1 AN>*I/S HAVE NO PRECONCEIV$ SOLUTIONS OR ABSOLUTE PRESCRIPTIONS1 & B[ TO :AT EXP]I5CE & CONDITIONS 9 A FREE SOCIETY RECOMM5D & PRESCRIBE4 ,:AT MATT]S IS ?AT1 :ATEV] ! TYPE ( PRODUCTION ADOPT$1 IT %\LD BE ADOPT$ BY ! FREE *OICE ( ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES1 & CANNOT POSSIBLY BE IMPOS$1 ANY MORE ?AN ANY =M IS POSSIBLE ( EXPLOITATION ( ANO!R'S LABOR4 ,GIV5 BASIC PREMISES LIKE ?OSE1 ! QUE/ION ( H[ PRODUCTION IS TO BE ORGANIZ$ TAKES A BACK SEAT4 ,AN>*I/S DO NOT A PRIORI EXCLUDE ANY PRACTICAL SOLUTION & LIKEWISE CONC$E ?AT !RE MAY BE A NUMB] ( DIFF]5T SOLUTIONS AT ! SAME TIME1 AFT] HAV+ TRI$ \T ! ONES ! WORK]S MI<T COME UP ) ONCE !Y KN[ ! ADEQUATE BASIS = 9CREAS+LY BIGG] & BETT] PRODUCTION4 

,AN>*I/S >E /R5U\SLY OPPOS$ TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN1 C5TRALI/ SPIRIT ( GOV]NM5T P>TIES & ALL /ATI/ POLITICAL ?9K+1 :I* IS C5TRALI/ BY ITS V]Y NATURE4 ,SO !Y PICTURE FUTURE SOCIAL LIFE ON ! BASIS ( F$]ALISM1 FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! MUNICIPALITY1 TO ! COMMUNE1 TO ! REGION1 TO ! NATION1 TO ! 9T]NATIONAL1 ON ! BASIS ( SOLID>ITY & FREE AGREEM5T4 ,& IT IS NATURAL ?AT ?IS IDEAL %\LD BE REFLECT$ ALSO 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 GIV+ PREF]5CE AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 TO A DEC5TRALIZ$ SORT ( ORGANIZATION2 BUT ?IS DOES NOT TAKE ! =M ( AN ABSOLUTE RULE TO BE APPLI$ EV]Y:]E 9 EV]Y 9/ANCE4 ,A LIB]T>IAN ORD] W\LD 9 ITSELF1 ON ! O!R H&1 RULE \T ! POSSIBILITY ( IMPOS+ SU* A UNILAT]AL SOLUTION4 

,TO BE SURE1 AN>*I/S DO REJECT ! M>XI/S' UTOPIAN IDEA ( PRODUCTION ORGANIZ$ 9 A C5TRALIZ$ WAY 7ACCORD+ TO PRECONCEIV$1 UNILAT]AL CRIT]IA REGULAT$ BY AN ALL-SEE+ C5TRAL (FICE :OSE JUDGM5T IS 9FALLIBLE4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT !Y DO NOT ACCEPT ?IS ABSURD M>XI/ SOLUTION DOES NOT MEAN !Y GO TO ! OPPOSITE EXTREME1 TO ! UNILAT]AL PRECONCEPTION ( 0SMALL COMMUNES :I* 5GAGE ONLY 9 SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION0 ATTRIBUT$ TO !M BY ! P5S ( 0SCI5TIFIC0 COMMUNISM4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE3 FROM #ahi ONW>DS ,KROPOTK9 TOOK AS HIS PO9T ( DEP>TURE 0444! PRES5T CONDITION ( 9DU/RIES1 :]E EV]Y?+ IS 9T]WOV5 & MUTUALLY DEP5D5T1 :]E EA* ASPECT ( PRODUCTION MAKES USE ( ALL ! O!RS02 & PO9T$ TO SOME ( ! BROADE/ NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 PUBLIC S]VICES & CULTURE1 AS 9/ANCES 7DULY MODIFI$7 ( POSSIBLE AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! AU?ORIT>IANS ( COMMUNISM1 SECT>IANS & DOGMATI/S ?AT !Y >E1 CANNOT APPRECIATE ?AT O!RS >E NOT LIKE !M2 H5CE !Y *>GE US ) !IR [N %ORTCOM+S4 

,\R BELIEF1 9 G5]AL T]MS1 EV5 :5 IT COMES TO ECONOMIC AFFAIRS--EV5 ?\< \R HO/ILITY IS FOCUS$ MA9LY AGA9/ ITS POLITICAL MANIFE/ATIONS--IS ?AT C5TRALIZATION IS ! LEA/ USEFUL WAY ( RUNN+ ?+S1 ! LEA/ SUIT$ TO ! PRACTICAL REQUIREM5TS ( SOCIAL LIV+4 ,BUT ?AT DOES NOT BY ANY MEANS PREV5T US FROM CONC$+ ?AT !RE MAY BE C]TA9 BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION1 C]TA9 PUBLIC S]VICES1 SOME (FICES ( ADM9I/RATION OR EX*ANGE1 & SO ON1 :]E C5TRALIZATION ( FUNCTIONS IS ALSO NE$$4 ,9 :I* CASE NO ONE WILL SAY A WORD AGA9/ IT4 ,:AT MATT]S = AN>*I/S IS ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO C5TRALIZATION ( P[]2 IT IS WOR? PO9T+ \T H]E ?AT !RE WILL BE NO IMPOSITION ON EV]YONE BY =CE1 ON ! PRETEXT ?AT IT ANSW]S A PRACTICAL NE$1 ( ANY ME?OD ?AT HAS ! SUPPORT ( ONLY ! FEW4 ,A DANG] ?AT WILL BE ELIM9AT$ IF ALL GOV]NM5T AU?ORITY1 & EV]Y POLICE BODY1 :I* MI<T IMPOSE ITSELF BY =CE & ?R\< ITS MONOPOLY ( >M$ VIOL5CE1 IS ABOLI%$ FROM ! \TSET4 

,TO ! NEO-M>XI/ ]ROR ( COMPULSORY & ABSOLUTE C5TRALIZATION1 WE DO NOT OPPOSE DEC5TRALIZATION 9 ALL ?+S BY =CE1 = ?AT W\LD BE TO GO TO ! OPPOSITE EXTREME4 ,WE PREF] DEC5TRALIZ$ MANAGEM5T2 BUT ULTIMATELY1 9 PRACTICAL & TE*NICAL PROBLEMS1 WE DEF] TO FREE EXP]I5CE1 9 ! LI<T ( :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! CASE & CIRCUM/ANCES 9VOLV$1 A DECISION WILL BE TAK5 9 ! COMMON 9T]E/ = ! EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION 9 SU* A WAY ?AT NEI!R UND] ONE SY/EM NOR UND] ! O!R CAN !RE EV] >ISE ! DOM9ATION OR EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN4 

,!RE IS NO NE$ TO CONFUSE ! POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION ( /ATE P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! FEW ) ! C5TRALIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT TODAY PRODUCTION IS NOT C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! GOV]NM5T BUT IS1 RA!R1 9DEP5D5T ( IT & IS DEC5TRALIZ$ AMONG ! V>I\S PROP]TY [N]S1 9DU/RIALI/S1 FIRMS1 LIMIT$ COMPANIES1 9T]NATIONAL COMPANIES1 & SO =?4 

,ACCORD+ TO AN>*I/S1 ! ESS5CE ( ! /ATE IS NOT 7AS ! AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S IMAG9E7 ! ME*ANICAL C5TRALIZATION ( PRODUCTION--:I* IS A DIFF]5T ISSUE1 ?AT WE SPOKE ( E>LI] -- BUT1 RA!R1 C5TRALIZATION ( P[] 0OR TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY ! CO]CIVE AU?ORITY 0 ( :I* ! /ATE 5JOYS ! MONOPOLY1 9 ?AT ORGANIZATION ( VIOL5CE KN[N AS 0GOV]NM5T02 9 ! HI]>*ICAL DESPOTISM1 JURIDICAL1 POLICE1 & MILIT>Y DESPOTISM ?AT IMPOSES ITS LAWS ON EV]YONE1 DEF5DS ! PRIVILEGES ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASS & CREATES O!RS ( ITS [N4 ,BUT IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT %\LD ECONOMIC C5TRALIZATION ( PRODUCTION BE ADD$ TO C5TRALIZATION 9 ! MORE OR LESS DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5T ( ALL MILIT>Y & POLICE P[]S--?AT IS TO SAY W]E ! /ATE TO BE SIMULTANE\SLY G5D>ME & BOSS & W]E ! WORKPLACE LIKEWISE A B>RACK-- !N /ATE OPPRESSION W\LD BECOME UNBE>ABLE--& AN>*I/S W\LD F9D !IR REASONS = HO/ILITY T[>D IT MULTIPLI$4 

,LAM5TABLY1 ?IS IS ! OBVI\S 5D ( ! ROAD ON :I* AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S HAVE SET \T4 ,EV5 !Y W\LD NOT D5Y ?AT4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 :AT DO ! COMMUNI/S WANT TO C>RY 9TO EFFECT8 ,:AT HAVE !Y BEGUN TO CON/RUCT 9 ,RUSSIA8 ,! MO/ C5TRALIZ$1 OPPRESSIVE & VIOL5T DICTATOR%IP1 /ATI/ & MILIT>Y4 ,& :AT'S MORE1 !Y SIMULTANE\SLY 5TRU/ OR 9T5D TO 5TRU/ ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIAL RES\RCES & PRODUCTION TO ?IS DICTATORIAL /ATE3 :I* BL[S UP /ATE AU?ORITY \T ( ALL PROPORTION1 TRANS=M+ IT MOREOV] 0TO ! UTT] DETREM5T ( PRODUCTION10 & :I* RESULTS 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NEW PRIVILEG$ CLASS OR CA/E 9 PLACE ( ! OLD ONE4 ,ABOVE ALL ELSE 0TO ! DETREM5T ( PRODUCTION03 ?AT IS WOR? EMPHASIZ+2 & ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE HAS %[N ?AT WE W]E NOT MI/AK5-- = IF ,RUSSIA F9DS H]SELF 9 ! ?ROES ( FAM9E TODAY IT IS 9DE$ DUE TO ! 9FAM\S BLOCKADE ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM & ! EXCEPTIONAL DR\<T2 BUT ! 0DISORGANIZ+0 IMPACT ( DICTATORIAL BUREAUCRATIC1 POLITICAL & MILIT>Y C5TRALIZATION HAVE CONTRIBUT$ MI<TILY T[>DS IT4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S CLAIM ?AT !Y TOO WI% ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE3 WE HAVE KN[N ?AT CLAIM S9CE ! DAYS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,BUT ! BELIEF OR ! 9T5TION IS NOT 5\<3 IT IS NECESS>Y TO ACT CONSI/5TLY FROM ! V]Y \TSET4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! DICTATORIAL COMMUNI/S1 BECAUSE ( ! WAY !Y RUN !IR MOVEM5T & ! DIRECTION !Y W\LD LIKE TO IMPOSE ON ! REVOLUTION1 SET \T ALONG EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE ROAD TO ! ONE ?AT LEADS TO ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE & TO COMMUNISM4 

,!Y >E HEAD+ /RAI<T = ! 0/RONG & SOV]EIGN /ATE0 ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MEMORY1 T[>DS A MORE >BITR>Y CLASS RULE1 UND] :I* ! PROLET>IAT ( TOMORR[ WILL F9D ITSELF CON/RA9$ TO MAKE A FRE% REVOLUTION4 ,LET ?OSE COMMUNI/S :O S]I\SLY WANT COMMUNISM REFLECT ON ?IS FATAL MI/AKE ?AT IS UND]M9+ ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( ! :OLE $IFICE ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/ P>TIES1 9/EAD ( WA/+ TIME FANTASIZ+ ON ! IMAG9>Y ]RORS ( AN>*I/S--?OSE :O HAVE EV]Y RI<T TO REPLY TO ! CRITICISMS ( !SE /ATE-WOR%IP]S ( COMMUNISM3 0PHYSICIAN1 HEAL ?YSELF60 

,I,I,I4 ,! 0,PROVISIONAL0 ,DICTATOR%IP & ! ,/ATE 

,! TRULY ESS5TIAL PO9T AT ISSUE1 SEP>AT+ AU?ORIT>IAN FROM LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S1 IS JU/ :AT =M ! REVOLUTION %\LD TAKE4 ,SOME SAY /ATI/2 AN>*I/IC SAY O!RS4 

,IT IS FAIRLY C]TA9 ?AT BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ REGIME & ! SOCIALI/ !RE WILL BE AN 9T]V5+ P]IOD ( /RUGGLE1 DUR+ :I* PROLET>IAT REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S WILL HAVE TO WORK TO UPROOT ! REMNANTS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 & IT IS FAIRLY C]TA9 ?AT !Y WILL HAVE TO PLAY A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 RELY+ ON ! /R5G? ( !IR ORGANIZATION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 REVOLUTION>IES & ! PROLET>IAT 9 G5]AL WILL NE$ ORGANIZATION TO MEET NOT JU/ ! DEM&S ( ! /RUGGLE BUT ALSO ! DEM&S ( PRODUCTION & SOCIAL LIFE1 :I* !Y CANNOT PO/PONE4 

,BUT IF ! OBJECT ( ?IS /RUGGLE & ?IS ORGANIZATION IS TO FREE ! PROLET>IAT FROM EXPLOITATION & /ATE RULE1 !N ! ROLE ( GUIDE1 TUTOR OR DIRECTOR CANNOT BE 5TRU/$ TO A NEW /ATE1 :I* W\LD HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 PO9T+ ! REVOLUTION 9 A COMPLETELY OPPOSITE DIRECTION4 

,! MI/AKE ( AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S 9 ?IS CONNECTION IS ! BELIEF ?AT FI<T+ & ORGANIZ+ >E IMPOSSIBLE )\T SUBMISSION TO A GOV]NM5T2 & ?US !Y REG>D AN>*I/S--9 VIEW ( !IR BE+ HO/ILE TO ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T1 EV5 A TRANSITIONAL ONE--AS ! FOES ( ALL ORGANIZATION & ALL COORD9AT$ /RUGGLE4 ,WE1 ON ! O!R H&1 MA9TA9 ?AT NOT ONLY >E REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE & REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION POSSIBLE \TSIDE & 9 SPITE ( GOV]NM5T 9T]F]5CE BUT ?AT1 9DE$1 ?AT IS ! ONLY REALLY EFFECTIVE WAY TO /RUGGLE & ORGANIZE1 = IT HAS ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( ALL MEMB]S ( ! COLLECTIVE UNIT1 9/EAD ( !IR PASSIVELY 5TRU/+ !MSELVES TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! SUPREME LEAD]S4 

,ANY GOV]N+ BODY IS AN IMP$IM5T TO ! REAL ORGANIZATION ( ! BROAD MASSES1 ! MAJORITY4 ,:]E A GOV]NM5T EXI/S1 !N ! ONLY REALLY ORGANIZ$ PEOPLE >E ! M9ORITY ?AT MAKE UP ! GOV]NM5T2 &1 ?IS NOT)/&+1 IF ! MASSES DO ORGANIZE1 !Y DO SO AGA9/ IT1 \TSIDE IT1 OR AT ! V]Y LEA/1 9DEP5D5TLY ( IT4 ,9 OSSIFY+ 9TO A GOV]NM5T1 ! REVOLUTION AS SU* W\LD FALL AP>T1 ON ACC\NT ( ITS AW>D+ ?AT GOV]NM5T ! MONOPOLY ( ORGANIZATION & ( ! MEANS ( /RUGGLE4 

,! \TCOME W\LD BE ?AT A NEW GOV]NM5T--BATT5+ ON ! REVOLUTION & ACT+ ?R\<\T ! MORE OR LESS EXT5D$ P]IOD ( ITS 0PROVISIONAL0 P[]S--W\LD LAY D[N ! BUREAUCRATIC1 MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS ( A NEW & LA/+ /ATE ORGANIZATION1 >\ND :I* A COMPACT NETWORK ( 9T]E/S & PRIVILEGES W\LD1 NATURALLY1 BE WOV54 ,?US 9 A %ORT SPACE ( TIME :AT ONE W\LD HAVE W\LD NOT BE ! /ATE ABOLI%$1 BUT A /ATE /RONG] & MORE 5]GETIC ?AT ITS PR$ECESSOR & :I* W\LD COME TO EX]CISE ?OSE FUNCTIONS PROP] TO IT--! ONES ,M>X RECOGNIZ$ AS BE+ SU*--0KEEP+ ! GREAT MAJORITY ( PRODUC]S UND] ! YOKE ( A NUM]ICALLY SMALL EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY40 

,?IS IS ! LESSON ?AT ! HI/ORY ( ALL REVOLUTIONS TEA*ES US1 FROM ! MO/ ANCI5T D[N TO ! MO/ REC5T2 & IT IS CONFIRM$--BE=E \R V]Y EYES1 ONE MI<T SAY--BY ! DAY-TO-DAY DEVELOPM5TS ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 

,WE NE$ DELAY NO LONG] ON ?IS ISSUE ( ! 0PROVISIONAL0 NATURE ( DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! H>%E/ & MO/ VIOL5T GUISE ( AU?ORIT>IANISM W\LD PROBABLY BE TEMPOR>Y2 BUT IT IS PRECISELY DUR+ ?IS VIOL5T /AGE ( ABSORPTION & CO]CION ?AT ! F\NDATIONS WILL BE LAID = ! LA/+ GOV]NM5T OR /ATE ( TOMORR[4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 EV5 ! COMMUNI/S !MSELVES >E MI<TILY DI/RU/FUL ( ! 0TEMPOR>9ESS0 ( DICTATOR%IP4 ,SOME TIME AGO ,RADEK & ,BORDIGA W]E TELL+ US H[ IT W\LD LA/ A G5]ATION 7:I* IS QUITE A LONG TIME74 ,N[ ,BUKH>91 9 HIS PAMPHLET1 W>NS US ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP WILL HAVE TO LA/ UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! WORK]S HAVE ATTA9$ COMPLETE VICTORY & SU* A VICTORY WILL BE POSSIBLE 0ONLY :5 ! PROLET>IAT HAS FRE$ ! :OLE WORLD ( ! CAPITALI/ RABBLE & COMPLETELY SUFFOCAT$ ! B\RGEOISIE40.<#f.> 

,IF ?IS W]E TRUE1 IT W\LD MEAN ROBB+ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE FIR/1 & EV]Y O!R PEOPLE AFT] !M1 ( ALL HOPE ( LIB]ATION1 & PUT (F ! DAY ( LIB]ATION TO ! ,GREEK KAL5DS1 = IT IS WELL UND]/OOD ?AT H[EV] EXT5SIVE & RADICAL A REVOLUTION MAY BE1 BE=E IT MANAGES TO BE VICTORI\S COMPLETELY & WORLDWIDE NOT ONE BUT MANY G5]ATIONS MU/ ELAPSE4 

,=TUNATELY1 SU* ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y PESSIMISM IS QUITE ]RONE\S4 ,IT IS1 :AT IS MORE1 AN ]ROR 9 ! PURE RE=MI/ TRADITION1 BY :I* AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE 9 ,ITALY 9 #a#i#a#i-#b TO IMP$E ANY REVOLUTION>Y 5T]PRISE 0DOOM$ TO FAILURE UNLESS ! REVOLUTION W]E C>RI$ \T 9 EV]Y O!R C\NTRY AS WELL40 ,9 REALITY1 REVOLUTION IS ALSO POSSIBLE 9 RELATIVELY RE/RICT$ >EAS4 ,LIMITATION 9 SPACE IMPLIES A LIMITATION 9 9T5SITY1 BUT ! WORK+ CLASS WILL /ILL HAVE WON A MEASURE ( EMANCIPATION & LIB]TY WOR?Y ( ! EF=TS MADE1 UNLESS IT MAKES ! MI/AKE ( EMASCULAT+ ITSELF--BY :I* WE MEAN RELY+ UPON ! GOOD (FICES ( A GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD ( RELY+ SOLELY ON ITSELF1 ON ITS [N RES\RCES1 ITS [N AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATION4 

0! PROLET>IAT IS ALWAY PROLET>IAT EV5 AFT] ITS VICTORY1 AFT] IT SUCCE$S TO ! POSITION ( RUL+ CLASS4440 .<#g.> 

,! PROLET>IAT IS ALWAYS PROLET>IAT8 ,OH6 ,!N :AT BECOMES ( ! REVOLUTION8 ,?IS IS PRECISELY ! ESS5CE ( ! BOL%EVIK ]ROR1 ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y JACOB9ISM3 9 CONCEIV+ ( ! REVOLUTION1 FROM ! \TSET1 AS A M]ELY POLITICAL ACT1 ! M]E /RIPP+ ( ! B\RGEOIS ( !IR GOV]NM5TAL P[]S TO REPLACE !M ) ! LEAD]S ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 :ILE 0! PROLET>IAT REMA9S PROLET>IAT10 ?AT IS TO SAY1 DEPRIV$ ( EV]Y?+ & HAV+ TO GO ON SELL+ ITS LABOR = AN H\RLY OR DAILY WAGE IF IT IS TO MAKE A LIV+6 ,IF ?AT HAPP5S1 IT IS ! EXPECT$ FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION6 

,SURE1 CLASS DIFF]5CES DO NOT VANI% AT ! /ROKE ( A P5 :E!R ?AT P5 BELONGS TO ! !ORETICIANS OR TO ! P5-PU%]S :O SET \T LAWS & DECREES4 ,ONLY ACTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY DIRECT 7NOT ?R\< GOV]NM5T7 EXPROPRIATION BY ! PROLET>IANS1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 CAN WIPE \T CLASS DIFF]5CES4 ,& ?AT IS AN IMM$IATE POSSIBILITY1 FROM ! V]Y \TSET1 ONCE ! OLD P[] HAS BE5 TOPPL$2 & IT IS A POSSIBILITY = AS LONG AS NO NEW P[] IS SET UP4 ,IF1 BE=E PROCE$+ ) EXPROPRIATION1 ! PROLET>IAT WAITS UNTIL A NEW GOV]NM5T EM]GES & BECOMES /RONG1 IT RISKS NEV] ATTA9+ SUCCESS & REMA9+ ! PROLET>IAT = EV]1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ = EV]4 ,& ! LONG] IT WAITS BE=E GETT+ ON ) EXPROPRIATION1 ! H>D] ?AT EXPROPRIATION WILL BE2 & IF IT !N RELIES ON A GOV]NM5T TO BE ! EXPROPRIATOR ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 IT WILL 5D UP BETRAY$ & BEAT56 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T WILL BE ABLE TO EXPROPRIATE ! OLD RUL+ CLASS 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T1 BUT ONLY SO AS TO E/ABLI% A NEW RUL+ CLASS ?AT WILL HOLD ! GREAT] P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 SUBJECTION4 

,?AT WILL COME TO PASS IF ?OSE :O MAKE UP ! GOV]NM5T & ! BUREAUCRATIC1 MILIT>Y & POLICE M9ORITY ?AT UPHOLDS IT 5D UP BECOM+ ! REAL [N]S ( WEAL? :5 ! PROP]TY ( EV]YONE IS MADE OV] EXCLUSIVELY TO ! /ATE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION WILL BE SELF EVID5T4 ,9 ! SECOND1 9 SPITE ( ! ILLUSIONS ?AT MANY PEOPLE CREATE1 ! CONDITIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT WILL ALWAYS BE ?OSE ( A SUBJECT CLASS4 

,CAPITALISM W\LD NOT CEASE TO BE1 M]ELY BY *ANG+ FROM PRIVATE TO 0/ATE CAPITALISM40 ,9 SU* A CASE ! /ATE W\LD HAVE A*IEV$ NOT EXPROPRIATION BUT APPROPRIATION4 ,A MULTITUDE ( BOSSES W\LD GIVE WAY TO A S+LE BOSS1 ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* W\LD BE A MORE P[]FUL BOSS BECAUSE 9 ADDITION TO HAV+ UNLIMIT$ WEAL? IT W\LD HAVE ON ITS SIDE ! >M$ =CE ) :I* TO B5D ! PROLET>IAT TO ITS WILL4 ,& ! PROLET>IAT1 9 ! FACTORIES & FIELDS1 W\LD /ILL BE WAGE SLAVES1 ?AT IS1 EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$4 ,& CONV]SELY1 ! /ATE1 :I* IS NO AB/RACTION1 BUT RA!R AN ORGANISM CREAT$ BY M51 W\LD BE ! ORGANIZ$ 5SEMBLE ( ALL ! RUL]S & BOSSES ( TOMORR[--:O W\LD HAVE NO PROBLEM 9 F9D+ SOME SANCTION = !IR RULE 9 A NEW LEGALITY BAS$ MORE OR LESS ON ELECTIONS OR A P>LIAM5T4 

0,BUT10 !Y 9SI/1 0EXPROPRIATION HAS TO BE C>RI$ \T ACCORD+ TO A GIV5 ME?OD1 ORGANIZ$ = ! B5EFIT ( ALL2 !RE IS A NE$ TO KN[ ALL AB\T ! AVAILABLE MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 H\SES & L&1 & SO ON4 ,EXPROPRIATION CANNOT BE C>RI$ ?R\< BY 9DIVIDUALS OR PRIVATE GR\PS ?AT W\LD TURN IT TO !IR [N SELFI% ADVANTAGE1 BECOM+ NEW PRIVILEG$ PROP]TY [N]S4 ,& SO !RE IS A NE$ = A PROLET>IAN P[] TO COPE ) IT40 ,?AT W\LD ALL BE F9E1 EXCEPT = ! /+ 9 ! TAIL6 ,!SE PEOPLE >E REALLY ODD1 WANT+ 79 !ORY7 TO A*IEVE ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE :ILE 9 PRACTICE !Y CANNOT CONCEIVE ( ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y SOCIAL FUNCTION )\T /ATI/ OV]TONES6 

,EV5 AN>*I/S DO NOT ?9K ( EXPROPRIATION 9 T]MS ( SOME SORT ( 0HELP Y\RSELF0 OP]ATION1 LEFT TO P]SONAL JUDGM5T1 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY ORD]4.<#h.> ,EV5 W]E IT POSSIBLE TO PR$ICT AS 9EVITABLE ?AT EXPROPRIATIONS1 ONCE DISORD] SETS 91 W\LD TAKE ON AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC COMPLEXION--SAY1 9 ! FUR!/ FLUNG PLACES OR C]TA9 >EAS ( ! C\NTRYSIDE--AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S HAVE NO 9T5TION ( ADOPT+ ?AT SORT ( AN APPROA* AS !IR [N4 ,9 SU* CASES1 ALL REVOLUTION>IES W\LD HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 AV]T+ TOO MANY CLA%ES ) C]TA9 /RATA ( ! POPULATION :O C\LD LAT] BE WON OV] MORE EASILY BY PROPAG&A & ! LIV+ PRO( ( ! SUP]IORITY ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION4 ,:AT MATT]S1 ABOVE ALL ELSE1 IS ?AT ! DAY AFT] ! REVOLUTION NO ONE %\LD HAVE ! P[] OR ! ECONOMIC :]E)AL TO EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( ANO!R4 

,BUT WE AN>*I/S >E ( ! OP9ION ?AT WE MU/ BEG9 N[ TO PREP>E ! MASSES--9 SPIRITUAL T]MS ?R\< PROPAG&A1 & 9 MAT]IAL T]MS BY MEANS ( AN>*I/ PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION--TO GET ON ) DIS*>G+ ALL FUNCTIONS ( ! /RUGGLE & ) SOCIAL1 COLLECTIVE LIV+1 DUR+ & AFT] ! REVOLUTION2 & ONE ( ! FIR/ AMONG ?OSE FUNCTIONS WILL BE EXPROPRIATION4 

,9 ORD] TO /E] EXPROPRIATION AWAY FROM ! 9ITIATIVES ( 9DIVIDUALS OR PRIVATE GR\PS !RE IS 9 FACT NO NE$ = A G5D>M]IE1 & !RE IS 9 FACT NO NE$ TO JUMP \T ( ! FRY+ PAN 9TO ! FIRE ( /ATE CONTROL3 !RE IS NO NE$ ,= ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T4 

,ALREADY1 FROM LOCALITY TO LOCALITY EV]Y:]E1 & CLOSELY 9T]L9K$1 ! PROLET>IAT HAS A NUMB] ( ITS [N1 FREE 9/ITUTIONS1 9DEP5D5T ( ! /ATE2 ALLIANCES & UNIONS1 LABOR ROOMS & CO-OP]ATIVES1 F$]ATIONS1 CONF$]ATIONS1 & SO =?4 ,DUR+ ! REVOLUTION O!R COLLECTIVE BODIES MORE ATTUN$ TO ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T WILL BE SET UP2 /ILL O!RS ( B\RGEOIS ORIG91 BUT RADICALLY ALT]$1 CAN BE PUT TO USE1 BUT WE NE$ NOT CONC]N \RSELVES ) !M = ! PRES5T EXCEPT TO SAY !Y >E ?+S LIKE CONSORTIUMS1 9DEP5D5T BODIES & SO ON4 ,RUSSIA H]SELF 9 ! E>LI] MOM5TS ( H] REVOLUTION--:5EV] ! PEOPLE /ILL HAD FRE$OM ( 9ITIATIVE--HAS FURNI%$ US ) ! EXAMPLE ( ! CREATION ( !SE NEW SOCIALI/ & LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTIONS 9 ! =M ( H] SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS REG>D$ ALL SU* =MS ( FREE ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( ! REVOLUTION AS ACCEPTABLE1 DESPITE ?OSE :O NONS5SICALLY DESCRIBE AN>*I/S AS BE+ OPPOS$ TO MASS ORGANIZATIONS & ACCUSE !M ( /E]+ CLE> ( P>TICIPATION 9 ORGANIZ$ MASS ACTIVITY 0ON PR9CIPLE40 ,! TRU? ( ! MATT] IS QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,AN>*I/S SEE NO 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 ! BROAD1 COLLECTIVE ACTION ( ! GREAT MASSES & ! MORE RE/RICT$ ACTIVITY ( !IR FREE GR\PS3 F> FROM IT1 !Y EV5 /RIVE TO L9K ! LATT] ) ! =M] SO AS TO GIVE IT AS F> AS POSSIBLE ! PROP] REVOLUTION>Y S5SE ( DIRECTION4 ,& IF AN>*I/S DO (T5 DISCUSS & CRITICIZE ?OSE PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS L$ BY !IR OPPON5TS1 !Y >E NOT !REBY FI<T+ AGA9/ ORGANIZATION AS SU*1 BUT ONLY AGA9/ ITS TAK+ A RE=MI/1 LEGALI/IC1 AU?ORIT>IAN & COLLABORATIONI/ DIRECTION--?IS BE+ SOME?+1 BY ! WAY1 :I* ! AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S LIKEWISE 5GAGE 9 EV]Y:]E :]E !Y !MSELVES >E NOT ! LEAD]S ( ! PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION4 

,SOME DICTATORIAL COMMUNI/ WRIT]S--TAK+ UP ! OLD SOCIAL DEMOCRATS' FABLE ?AT ! AN>*I/S WANT ONLY TO DE/ROY & NOT TO REBUILD1 & ?AT !Y >E ?US OPPON5TS ( MASS ORGANIZATION--REA* ! CONCLUSION ?AT BY TAK+ AN 9T]E/ 9 ! SOVIETS 9 ,RUSSIA1 AN>*I/S >E BE+ 9CONSI/5T ) !IR IDEAS & ?AT IT IS M]ELY A TACTIC TO EXPLOIT ! SOVIETS & DISORGANIZE !M4 

,IF ?IS IS NOT SL&] PURE & SIMPLE1 IT IS BEYOND D\BT PRO( ( ! 9ABILITY ( !SE MAD DOGS ( AU?ORIT>IANISM--TO UND]/& ANY?+ AP>T FROM OMNIPOT5CE = ! /ATE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! AU?ORIT>IANS ( COMMUNISM1 ! SOVIET REGIME CONSI/S NOT ( FREE1 SELF-GOV]N+ SOVIETS DIRECTLY MANAG+ PRODUCTION & PUBLIC S]VICES & SO ON BUT ONLY ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ! SELF/YL$ SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 ?AT HAS 9 REALITY OV]RIDD5 ! SOVIETS1 HAS ABOLI%$ !IR EV]Y FRE$OM TO ACT & ALL SPONTANEITY 9 !IR CREATION1 & HAS R$UC$ !M TO PASSIVE1 ME*ANICAL UND]L+S1 OB$I5T TO ! DICTATORIAL C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,A GOV]NM5T ?AT :5EV] ANY SOVIET %[S SIGNS ( 9DEP5D5CE1 DISSOLVES IT )\T FUR!R ADO & SETS AB\T CONJUR+ UP ANO!R >TIFICIAL ONE ?AT IS MORE TO ITS TA/E4 

,ALL ?IS GOES UND] ! NAME ( 0GIV+ ! PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS A BROAD] P[] BASE02 &1 AS A RESULT1 ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S NO LESS1 :O QUITE LOGICALLY & CORRECTLY HAVE ALWAYS OPPOS$ ?IS REAL /RANGULATION ( ! ORIG9AL SOVIET MOVEM5T ?AT >OSE FREELY \T ( ! REVOLUTION 7?AT IS1 !Y DEF5D ! SOVIETS AGA9/ DICTATORS JU/ AS !Y HAVE DEF5D$ !M AGA9/ B\RGEOIS AGGRESSION7 ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S TURN--?ANKS TO ! MIRACLE ( M>XI/ DIALECTIC--9TO 5EMIES ( ! SOVIETS4 ,GIV5 !IR M5TALITY1 ,M>XI/S CANNOT UND]/& ?AT !IR SO-CALL$ 0SOVIET P[]0 IS ! OBLIT]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAN1 PEOPLE'S SOVIETS & ?AT1 ?IS BE+ ! CASE1 OPPON5TS ( SO-CALL$ 0SOVIET P[]0 CAN BE--PROVID$1 ( C\RSE ?AT ?IS OPPOSITION COMES FROM )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y1 PROLET>IAN CAMP--! BE/ FRI5DS ( ! PROLET>IAN SOVIETS4 

,SO AN>*I/S DO NOT 9 FACT HAVE ?IS PRECONCEIV$1 PR9CIPL$ AV]SION TO 0! ME?ODICAL1 ORGANIZ$ =M ( MASS ACTION0--USUALLY ATTRIBUT$ TO !M 9 CLI*$ >GUM5T ON ACC\NT ( \R OPPON5TS' SECT>IAN APPROA*--BUT RA!R OPPOSE ONLY ! P>TICUL>LY AU?ORIT>IAN & DESPOTIC APPROA* ( ! /ATE COMMUNI/S1 C\NT]+ ) ! LIB]T>IAN APPROA* :I* IS MORE APT TO 9T]E/ & MOBILIZE ! BROAD MASSES 9 ?AT IT LEAVES !M SCOPE = 9ITIATIVE & ACTION & 9T]E/S !M 9 A /RUGGLE ?AT IS FROM ! V]Y \TSET A COORD9AT$ ONE1 PRES5T+ !M ) EXPROPRIATION AS !IR *IEF & IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE4 

,IT MAY BE ?AT ?IS LIB]T>IAN S5SE ( DIRECTION WILL1 LIKEWISE1 NOT CULM9ATE 9 ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE--NOT BECAUSE ?AT IS IMPOSSIBLE BUT BECAUSE !RE IS NOT A SUFFICI5T NUMB] :O WANT IT1 :AT ) ! /ILL TOO NUM]\S H]D ( HUMANITY :O FEEL 9 NE$ ( ! %EPH]D & HIS /ICK--BUT 9 SU* A CASE IT W\LD BE R5D]+ ! REVOLUTION A GREAT S]VICE TO SUCCE$ 9 HOLD+ ON TO AS MU* FRE$OM AS POSSIBLE1 HELP+ TO DET]M9E ?AT ! EV5TUAL GOV]NM5T IS AS WEAK1 AS DEC5TRALIZ$1 AS UNDESPOTIC AS POSSIBLE UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 WR++ ! UTMO/ UTILITY FROM ! REVOLUTION = ! SAKE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS WELL AS ! MAXIMUM WELL-BE+ & FRE$OM4 

,ONE MOVES T[>DS ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM BY EXPROPRIAT+ ! CAPITALI/S = ! B5EFIT ( ALL1 NOT BY CREAT+ AN EV5 WORSE CAPITALISM 9 /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,PROGRESS T[>DS ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE IS MADE BY FI<T+ IT AS LONG AS IT SURVIVES1 UND]M9+ IT MORE & MORE1 /RIPP+ IT SO F> AS IS POSSIBLE ( AU?ORITY & PRE/IGE1 WEAK5+ IT & REMOV+ FROM IT AS MANY SOCIAL FUNCTIONS AS ! WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE EQUIPP$ !MSELVES TO P]=M ON !IR [N ?R\< !IR REVOLUTION>Y OR CLASS ORGANIZATION--& NOT1 AS AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S CLAIM1 BY BUILD+ ON ! RU9S ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE ANO!R EV5 /RONG] /ATE ) MORE FUNCTIONS & ADD$ P[]4 

,BY TAK+ ?IS LA/ C\RSE1 IT IS ! AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S1 NO LESS2 :O PLACE OB/ACLES BE=E ORGANIZATION & MASS ACTIVITY & SET \T ALONG ! ROAD DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ?AT :I* WILL LEAD TO COMMUNISM & ABOLITION ( ! /ATE4 ,IT IS !Y :O >E ! RIDICUL\S ONES1 AS RIDICUL\S AS ANYONE :O1 WI%+ TO TRAVEL EA/1 SETS \T 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! SETT+ SUN4 

,I,V4 ,AN>*Y & ,COMMUNISM 

,!RE IS A BAD HABIT ?AT WE MU/ REACT AGA9/4 ,IT IS ! HABIT ?AT AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S HAVE HAD = SOME TIME N[1 ?AT ( SETT+ COMMUNISM AGA9/ AN>*Y1 AS IF ! TWO NOTIONS W]E NECESS>ILY CONTRADICTORY2 ! HABIT ( US+ !SE TWO WORDS COMMUNISM & AN>*Y AS IF !Y W]E MUTUALLY 9COMPATIBLE & HAD OPPOSITE MEAN+S4 

,9 ,ITALY1 :]E = SOME?+ OV] =TY YE>S !SE WORDS HAVE BE5 US$ TOGE!R TO =M A S+LE T]M 9 :I* ONE WORD COMPLEM5TS ! O!R1 TO =M ! MO/ ACCURATE DESCRIPTION ( ! AN>*I/ PROGRAM1 ?IS EF=T TO DISREG>D SU* AN IMPORTANT HI/ORICAL TRADITION &1 :AT IS MORE1 TURN ! MEAN+S ( ! WORDS UPSIDE D[N1 IS ABSURD & CAN ONLY S]VE TO CREATE CONFUSION 9 ! REALM ( IDEAS & 5DLESS MISUND]/&+S 9 ! REALM ( PROPAG&A4 

,!RE IS NO H>M 9 RECALL+ ?AT IT WAS1 ODDLY 5\<1 AT A CONGRESS ( ! ,ITALIAN ,SECTIONS ( ! FIR/ WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL1 MEET+ CL&E/9ELY NE> ,FLOR5CE 9 #a#h#g#f1 ?AT1 ON A MOTION PUT =W>D BY ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 IT WAS AFFIRM$ ?AT COMMUNISM WAS ! ECONOMIC >RANGEM5T ?AT C\LD BE/ MAKE A SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T A POSSIBILITY2 & ?AT AN>*Y 7?AT IS1 ! ABS5CE ( ALL GOV]NM5T71 BE+ ! FREE & VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS1 WAS ! BE/ WAY TO IMPLEM5T COMMUNISM4 ,ONE IS EFFECTIVELY ! GU>ANTEE = ! O!R & VICE V]SA4 ,H5CE ! CONCRETE =MULATION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM AS AN IDEAL & AS A MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE4 

,WE HAVE 9DICAT$ ELSE:]E.<#i.> H[ 9 #ahgg ! ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG ( ,B]NE PUBLI%$ ! /ATUTES ( A 0,G]MAN SPEAK+ ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY02 & H[ 9 #ahh ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,F$]ATION ( ! ,JURA AT ,*AUXDE-,FONDS GAVE ITS APPROVAL TO A MEMOR&UM FROM ,C>LO ,CAFI]O ON 0,AN>*Y & ,COMMUNISM10 9 ! SAME S5SE AS BE=E4 ,9 ,ITALY AT ! TIME AN>*I/S W]E MORE COMMONLY KN[N AS SOCIALI/S2 BUT :5 !Y WANT$ TO BE SPECIFIC !Y CALL$ !MSELVES1 AS !Y HAVE DONE EV] S9CE1 EV5 TO ?IS DAY1 AN>*I/ ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/,S4 

,LAT] ,PIETRO ,GORI US$ TO SAY ?AT SOCIALISM 7COMMUNISM7 W\LD CON/ITUTE ! ECONOMIC BASIS ( A SOCIETY TRANS=M$ BY A REVOLUTION SU* AS WE 5VISAG$1 :ILE AN>*Y W\LD BE ITS POLITICAL CULM9ATION4 

,AS SPECIFICATIONS ( ! AN>*I/ PROGRAM1 !SE IDEAS HAVE1 AS ! SAY+ US$ TO GO1 ACQUIR$ RI<TS ( CITIZ5%IP 9 POLITICAL LANGUAGE FROM ! TIME :5 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS 9 ITS DEA? ?ROES 9 ,ITALY 7#a#h#h-#b74 ,AS A DEF9ITION OR =MULATION ( AN>*ISM1 ! T]M AN>*I/ COMMUNISM WAS 9CORPORAT$ 9TO !IR POLITICAL VOCABUL>Y EV5 BY O!R SOCIALI/ WRIT]S :O1 :5 IT CAME TO !IR [N PROGRAM = ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY FROM ! ECONOMIC PO9T ( VIEW1 DID NOT TALK AB\T COMMUNISM1 BUT RA!R AB\T COLLECTIVISM1 & 9 EFFECT1 /YL$ !MSELVES COLLECTIVI/S4 

,?AT WAS ! POSITION UP TO #a#i#a#h2 ?AT IS TO SAY UNTIL ! ,RUSSIAN BOL%EVIKS1 TO SET !MSELVES AP>T FROM ! PATRIOTIC OR RE=MI/ SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 MADE UP !IR M9DS TO *ANGE !IR NAME1 RESURRECT+ ?AT ( 0COMMUNI/10 :I* FITT$ ! HI/ORICAL TRADITION ( ,M>X & ,5GELS' FAM\S ,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#g1 & :I* UP TO #ahh WAS EMPLOY$ BY ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S 9 A PURELY AU?ORIT>IAN1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC S5SE4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 NE>LY ALL ! SOCIALI/S [N+ ALLEGIANCE TO ,MOSC['S ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAVE 5D$ UP /YL+ !MSELVES ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/,S1 DISREG>D+ ! P]V]SION ( ! WORD'S MEAN+1 ! DIFF]5T USAGE ( ! WORD OV] ! SPAN ( =TY YE>S 9 POPUL> & PROLET>IAN P>LANCE1 & ! *ANGES 9 ! /ANCES ( ! P>TIES AFT] #a#h#h-- !REBY CREAT+ A REAL ANA*RONISM4 

,BUT ?AT'S ! AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S & NOT US2 !RE W\LD NOT EV5 HAVE BE5 ANY NE$ = US TO DEBATE ! MATT] HAD !Y TAK5 ! BO!R1 :5 !Y *ANG$ :AT !Y CALL$ !MSELVES1 TO SET \T CLE>LY :AT *ANGE 9 IDEAS WAS R]LECT$ 9 ?IS *ANGE 9 NAME4 ,SURE1 ! SOCIALI/S-N[-BECOME-COMMUNI/S HAVE MODIFI$ !IR PLAT=M AS COMP>$ ) ! ONE LAID D[N = ,ITALY AT ! ,G5OA ,CONGRESS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 9 #a#h#i#b1 & ?R\< ! ,SOCIALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AT ITS ,LONDON ,CONGRESS 9 #a#h#i#f4 ,BUT ! *ANGE 9 PROGRAM REVOLVES :OLLY & EXCLUSIVELY AB\T ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE 7ESP\SAL ( VIOL5CE1 DISMISSAL ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 DICTATOR%IP 9/EAD ( DEMOCRACY1 & SO ON72 & IT DOES NOT REF] TO ! IDEAL ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 ! ONLY ?+ TO :I* ! T]MS COMMUNISM & COLLECTIVISM CAN REF]4 

,:5 IT COMES TO !IR PROGRAM = SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 TO ! ECONOMIC ORD] ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY1 ! SOCIALI/S-COMMUNI/S HAVE *ANG$ NOT AT ALL2 !Y JU/ HAVE NOT BO!R$4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! T]M COMMUNISM COV]S !IR OLD AU?ORIT>IAN1 COLLECTIVI/ PROGRAM :I* /ILL L+]S ON--HAV+ 9 ! BACKGR\ND1 ! F> DI/ANT BACKGR\ND1 A VISION ( ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! /ATE ?AT IS PUT BE=E ! MASSES ON SOLEMN OCCASIONS TO DI/RACT !IR ATT5TION FROM A NEW DOM9ATION1 ONE ?AT ! COMMUNI/ DICTATORS W\LD LIKE TO YOKE !M TO 9 ! NOT SO DI/ANT FUTURE4 

,ALL ?IS IS A S\RCE ( MISAPPREH5SION & CONFUSION AMONG ! WORK]S1 :O >E TOLD ONE ?+ 9 WORDS ?AT LEADS !M TO BELIEVE QUITE ANO!R4 

,FROM ANCI5T TIMES1 ! T]M COMMUNISM HAS MEANT1 NOT A ME?OD ( /RUGGLE1 MU* LESS A SPECIAL ME?OD ( REASON+1 BUT A SY/EM = ! COMPLETE RADICAL REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( COMMON [N]%IP ( WEAL?1 COMMON 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( ! COMMON LABOR BY ! MEMB]S ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 )\T ANY ( !M BE+ ABLE TO APPROPRIATE SOCIAL CAPITAL TO !MSELVES = !IR EXCLUSIVE ADVANTAGE TO ! EXCLUSION OR DETRIM5T ( O!RS4 ,IT IS AN IDEAL ( ! ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 COMMON TO A NUMB] ( S*OOLS ( SOCIALISM 7AN>*Y 9CLUD$72 & ! M>XI/S W]E BY NO MEANS ! FIR/ TO =MULATE ?AT IDEAL4 

,M>X & ,5GELS DID WRITE A PROGRAM = ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 #a#h#d#g1 IT IS TRUE1 SETT+ \T ITS !ORETICAL & TACTICAL GUIDEL9ES2 BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ALREADY EXI/$ BE=E ?AT4 ,!Y DREW !IR NOTION ( COMMUNISM FROM O!RS & W]E BY NO MEANS ITS CREATORS4 

,9 ?AT SUP]B HO?\SE ( IDEAS1 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! CONCEPT ( COMMUNISM WAS 9CREAS+LY CL>IFI$2 & IT TOOK ON ITS SPECIAL IMPORTANCE 9 CONFRONTATION ) COLLECTIVISM1 :I* >\ND #ahh WAS1 BY COMMON AGREEM5T1 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL VOCABUL>Y ( AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S ALIKE3 RANG+ FROM ,K>L ,M>X TO ,C>LO ,CAFI]O & ,B5OIT ,MALON TO ,GNOC*I ,VIANI4 ,FROM ?AT TIME =W>D1 ! WORD COMMUNISM HAS ALWAYS BE5 TAK5 TO MEAN A SY/EM = ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 ! PRACTICAL GUIDEL9ES = :I* W]E SET D[N 9 ! =MULA3 FROM EA* ,A,C,C,O,R,D,+ ,T,O ,H,I,S ,R,E,S,\,R,C,E,S ,& ,A,B,I,L,I,T,Y -- ,T,O ,E,A,* ,A,C,C,O,R,D,+ ,T,O ,H,I,S ,N,E,$,S4.<#a.> ,! COMMUNISM ( AN>*I/S1 BUILT ON ! POLITICAL T]RA9 ( ! NEGATION ( ! /ATE1 WAS & IS UND]/OOD TO HAVE ?IS MEAN+1 TO SIGNIFY PRECISELY A PRACTICAL SY/EM ( SOCIALI/ LIV+ AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 9 KEEP+ ) BO? ! D]IVATION ( ! WORD & ! HI/ORICAL TRADITION4 

,9 CONTRA/1 :AT ! NEO-COMMUNI/S UND]/& BY 0COMMUNISM0 IS M]ELY OR MO/LY A SET ( ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE & ! !ORETICAL CRIT]IA !Y /& BY 9 DISCUSSION & PROPAG&A4 ,SOME TALK ( VIOL5CE OR /ATE T]RORISM :I* HAS TO BE IMPOS$ BY ! SOCIALI/ REGIME2 O!RS WANT ! WORD 0COMMUNISM0 TO SIGNIFY ! COMPLEX ( !ORIES ?AT >E KN[N AS M>XISM 7CLASS /MGGLE1 HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 SEIZURE ( P[]1 DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ETC472 /ILL O!RS QUITE PURELY & SIMPLY A ME?OD ( PHILOSOPHICAL REASON+1 LIKE ! DIALECTICAL APPROA*4 ,SO SOME--H>NESS+ TOGE!R WORDS ?AT HAVE NO LOGICAL CONNECTION BETWE5 !M--CALL IT CRITICAL COMMUNISM :ILE O!RS OPT = SCI5TIFIC COMMUNISM4 

,AS WE SEE IT1 !Y >E ALL MI/AK52 = ! IDEAS & TACTICS M5TION$ ABOVE CAN BE %>$ & US$ BY COMMUNI/S TOO1 & BE MORE OR LESS MADE COMPATIBLE ) COMMUNISM1 BUT !Y >E NOT 9 !MSELVES COMMUNISM--NOR >E !Y 5\< TO SET IT AP>T1 :]EAS !Y C\LD V]Y WELL BE MADE COMPATIBLE ) O!R1 QUITE DIFF]5T SY/EMS1 EV5 ?OSE CONTR>Y TO COMMUNISM4 ,IF WE WANT TO AMUSE \RSELVES ) WORD GAMES1 WE C\LD SAY ?AT !RE IS QUITE A LOT TO ! DOCTR9ES ( AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S1 BUT :AT IS MO/ /RIK+LY ABS5T IS NO?+ O!R ?AN COMMUNISM4 

,LET IT BE CLE>LY UND]/OOD ?AT 9 NO WAY DO WE DISPUTE ! RI<T ( AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S TO ADOPT :ATEV] TITLE !Y SEE FIT1 :ATEV] !Y LIKE1 & ADOPT A NAME ?AT WAS \R EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY = ALMO/ HALF A C5TURY & ?AT WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( GIV+ UP4 ,IT W\LD BE RIDICUL\S TO CONTE/ ?AT RI<T4 ,BUT :5EV] ! NEO-COMMUNI/S COME TO DISCUSS AN>*Y & HOLD DISCUSSIONS ) AN>*I/S !RE IS A MORAL OBLIGATION ON !M NOT TO PRET5D !Y KN[ NO?+ ( ! PA/1 & !Y HAVE ! BASIC DUTY NOT TO APPROPRIATE ?AT NAME TO SU* A DEGREE AS TO MONOPOLIZE IT1 TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT AN 9COMPATIBILITY IS CREAT$ BETWE5 ! T]M COMMUNISM & ! T]M AN>*Y ?AT IS >TIFICIAL & FALSE4 

,:5EV] !Y DO !SE ?+S !Y REVEAL !MSELVES TO BE DEVOID ( ALL S5SE ( POLITICAL HONE/Y4 

,EV]YONE KN[S H[ \R IDEAL1 EXPRESS$ 9 ! WORD AN>*Y1 TAK5 9 ! PROGRAMMATIC S5SE ( A SOCIALISM ORGANIZ$ 9 A LIB]T>IAN WAY1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 KN[N AS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,ALMO/ ALL AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE HAS1 S9CE ! 5D ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 BELONG$ TO ! COMMUNI/ S*OOL ( SOCIALISM4 ,UP UNTIL ! \TBREAK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #aiag ! TWO *IEF S*OOLS 9TO :I* SOCIALISM WAS DIVID$ W]E1 ON ! ONE H&1 LEGALI/IC1 /ATI/ COLLECTIVISM1 &1 ON ! O!R1 AN>*I/1 REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNISM4 ,:AT NUMB] ( POLEMICS1 BETWE5 #ahh & #a#i#a#h1 HAVE WE NOT 5GAG$ 9 ) ! ,M>XI/ SOCIALI/S1 TODAY'S NEO-COMMUNI/S1 9 SUPPORT ( ! COMMUNI/ IDEAL AS AGA9/ !IR ,G]MAN-B>RACK-ROOM COLLECTIVISM6 

,& SO1 !IR IDEAL VIEW ( ! REORGANIZATION TO COME HAS REMA9$ ! SAME1 & ITS AU?ORIT>IAN OV]TONES HAVE EV5 BECOME MORE PRON\NC$4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! COLLECTIVISM ?AT WE CRITICIZ$ 9 ! PA/ & ! DICTATORIAL COMMUNISM ( TODAY IS A TACTICAL ONE & A SLI<T !ORETICAL DIFF]5CE1 & NOT ! QUE/ION ( ! IMM$IATE GOAL TO BE REA*$4 ,TRUE1 ?IS L9KS UP ) ! /ATE COMMUNISM ( ! PRE-#a#h#h ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S--! ,VOLKS/AAT OR PEOPLE'S ,/ATE--AGA9/ :I* ,BAKUN9 DIRECT$ SU* VITRIOLIC CRITICISM2 & LIKEWISE ! GOV]NM5T SOCIALISM ( ,L\IS ,BLANC1 SO BRILLIANTLY DEMOLI%$ BY ,PR\DHON4 ,BUT ! CONNECTION ) ! REVOLUTION>Y /ATI/ APPROA* IS ONLY ON ! SECOND>Y LEVEL ( POLITICS1 & NOT ON ! LEVEL ( ITS P>TICUL> ECONOMIC VIEWPO9T--?AT IS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS--( :I* ,M>X & ,BLANC HAD A RA!R BROAD]1 MORE G5]AL VIEW ?AN !IR LATE/ HEIRS4 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! DI*OTOMY IS NOT BETWE5 AN>*Y & A MORE OR LESS 0SCI5TIFIC0 COMMUNISM1 BUT RA!R BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN OR /ATE COMMUNISM1 RU%+ HEADLONG T[>DS A DESPOTIC DICTATOR%IP1 & AN>*I/ OR ANTI-/ATE COMMUNISM ) ITS LIB]T>IAN VISION ( REVOLUTION4 

,IF ONE HAS TO TALK AB\T CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS1 IT MU/ BE NOT BETWE5 ! T]M COMMUNISM & ! T]M AN>*Y1 :I* >E SO COMPATIBLE ?AT ! ONE IS NOT POSSIBLE 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! O!R1 BUT RA!R BETWE5 COMMUNISM & /ATE4 ,:]E !RE IS /ATE OR GOV]NM5T1 NO COMMUNISM IS POSSIBLE4 ,AT LEA/1 IT IS SO DIFFICULT TO RECONCILE !M1 & SO DEM&+ ( ! SACRIFICE ( ALL HUMAN FRE$OM & DIGNITY1 ?AT ONE CAN SURMISE ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE :5 TODAY ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 AUTONOMY & 9ITIATIVE IS SO WIDESPREAD AMONG ! MASSES1 HUNG]+ NOT ONLY = BREAD BUT ALSO = FRE$OM4 

,V4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,AN>*I/S 

,:5 !Y RUN \T ( >GUM5TS AGA9/ \R UN%AKABLE REASON+1 ! P>T+ %OT AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNI/S LOOSE AT US IS TO PORTRAY US AS 05EMIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION40 

,FROM \R POSITION ( FI<T+ AGA9/ ! DICTATORIAL CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION --A POSITION WE %>E ) \R ,RUSSIAN COMRADES--TO BACK UP \R >GUM5TS WE CITE ! BANEFUL RESULTS ( ! DICTATORIAL DIRECTION ( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA1 & HOLD UP TO ! LI<T ! GRAVE ]RORS ( ! GOV]NM5T !RE2 9 ?IS S5SE ALONE >E WE FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,?IS IS MORE ?AN A QUE/ION ( UNFAIR ACCUSATIONS3 IT IS AT ONCE A LIE & A SL&]4 ,IF ! CAUSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION IS ! CAUSE ( FRE$OM & JU/ICE1 9 A PRACTICAL & NOT 9 ANY AB/RACT S5SE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 IF IT IS ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ITS EMANCIPATION FROM ALL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC S]VITUDE1 ALL /ATE OR PRIVATE EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION2 IF ! ,REVOLUTION IS ! CAUSE ( SOCIAL EQUALITY1 !N IT IS ) JU/ICE ?AT WE CAN 9SI/ ?AT ! ONLY ONES /ILL FAI?FUL TODAY TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! REVOLUTION MADE BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,RUSSIA1 >E ! AN>*I/S4 

,WE APPRECIATE ?AT1 = SOME CONSID]ABLE P]IOD1 9 TIME ( REVOLUTION1 ALL ?AT ANYONE--& ESPECIALLY REVOLUTION>IES--HAS A RI<T TO EXPECT IS ?ORNS & V]Y FEW ROSES4 ,LET US HAVE NO ILLUSIONS AB\T ?AT4 ,BUT REVOLUTION CEASES TO BE REVOLUTION :5 IT IS NOT & DOES NOT SIGNIFY AN IMPROVEM5T1 H[EV] SLI<T1 = ! BROAD MASSES1 & FAILS TO ASSURE TO ! PROLET>IANS A GREAT] WELL-BE+ OR AT LEA/1 IF !Y CANNOT CLE>LY SEE ?AT1 ONCE C]TA9 TEMPOR>Y DIFFICULTIES CAN BE SURM\NT$1 WELL-BE+ WILL COME AB\T4 ,IT CEASES TO BE REVOLUTION IF1 9 PRACTICAL T]MS1 IT DOES NOT MEAN AN 9CREASE 9 FRE$OM TO ?9K & ACT--9 :ATEV] WAYS DO NOT RE/RICT ! FRE$OM ( O!RS--= AH ?OSE :O W]E OPPRESS$ UND] ! OLD REGIME4 

,SU* >E ! VIEWS & FEEL+S ?AT ACT AS \R GUIDES 9 \R PROPAG&A & POLEMICS4 ,9 NO WAY >E PROPAG&A & POLEMIC PROMPT$ BY A SPIRIT ( SECT>IANISM1 MU* LESS BY A SPIRIT ( COMPETITION OR BY P]SONAL 9T]E/2 & WE DO NOT 9 ! LEA/ 5GAGE 9 !M AS AN EX]CISE 9 CRITICISM & DOCTR9AIRISM4 ,RA!R WE >E AW>E ( FULFILL+ A D\BLE OBLIGATION1 ( IMM$IATE POLITICAL RELEVANCE4 

,ON ! ONE H&1 ! /UDY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! %$D+ ( LI<T ON ! ]RORS MADE BY ?OSE 9 GOV]NM5T1 & ! CRITICISM ( ! BOL%EVIK SY/EM ?AT WON ! DAY >E1 AS F> AS WE >E CONC]N$1 A DUTY IMPOS$ BY POLITICAL SOLID>ITY ) \R ,RUSSIAN COMRADES :O1 BECAUSE !Y %>E \R ?9K+ & HOLD \R PO9T ( VIEW--:I*1 WE BELIEVE1 >E ! ?\<TS & VIEWPO9T MO/ COMPATIBLE ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION ( ! PROLET>IAT -->E DEPRIV$ ( ALL LIB]TY1 P]SECUT$1 IMPRISON$1 EXIL$1 &1 SOME ( !M1 PUT TO DEA? BY ?AT GOV]NM5T4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 WE HAVE A DUTY TO %[ UP ! BOL%EVIK ]ROR1 SO ?AT IF A SIMIL> CRISIS >OSE 9 ! WE/]N C\NTRIES ! PROLET>IAT W\LD TAKE C>E NOT TO SET \T ALONG A ROAD1 TO TAKE A DIRECTION1 ?AT WE N[ KN[ FROM FIR/-H& EXP]I5CE MEANS ! WRECK+ ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,IF ?AT IS :AT WE ?9K1 IF WE >E DEEPLY CONV9C$ ?AT ?AT IS ! CASE--& \R OPPON5TS CANNOT D\BT IT1 = !RE >E NO O!R 9T]E/S OR /RONG FEEL+S ?AT C\LD TURN \R M9D AWAY FROM SU* AN UND]TAK+--!N IT IS \R DUTY1 AS AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>IES1 TO BREAK \R SIL5CE4 ,BUT DOES ALL ?AT MEAN ?AT WE >E AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION8 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS ! MO/ E>?-%AK+ EV5T ( \R DAY4 ,BR\<T ON & MADE EASI] BY AN 5ORM\S CAUSE1 ! WORLD W>1 IT HAS SURPASS$ ?AT WORLD W> 9 MAGNITUDE & IMPORTANCE4 ,HAD IT MANAG$1 IF IT MANAGES OR %\LD IT MANAGE 9 ! FUTURE--AS1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 WE /ILL HOPE--TO BREAK ! BONDS ( WAGE SLAV]Y ?AT B9D ! WORK+ CLASS1 OR %\LD ! ADVANCES MADE BY E>LI] REVOLUTIONS BE EXP&$ TO 9CLUDE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 FRE$OM = ALL 9 FACT AS WELL AS 9 !ORY1 ?AT IS TO SAY ) ! MAT]IAL POSSIBILITY ( 5JOY+ IT1 !N ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WILL SURPASS 9 HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE EV5 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i-#i#c4 

,IF ! WORLD W> FAIL$ TO EXT+UI% ALL HOPE ( RESURRECTION BY ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ! WORLD1 IF DESPITE IT M5 >E NOT TO BE SET BACK C5TURIES TO ! ANIMAL EXI/5CE ( !IR ANCE/ORS1 BUT ONLY A LITTLE WAY1 IT IS BEYOND DISPUTE ?AT WE [E IT TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?AT HAS RAIS$ ! MORAL & IDEAL VALUES ( HUMANITY & :I* HAS IMPELL$ \R ASPIRATIONS & ! COLLECTIVE SPIRIT ( ALL PEOPLES =W>DS T[>DS A HI<] HUMANITY4 

,9 ?AT SAD DAWN ( #a#i#a#g1 :ILE ! :OLE WORLD SEEM$ TO BE RU%+ HEADLONG 9TO HORROR1 DEA?1 FALSEHOOD1 HATR$ & BLACKE/ OBSCURITY1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION SUDD5LY FLOOD$ ?OSE ( US :O W]E SUFF]+ FROM ?AT 5DLESS TRAG$Y ) ! SE>*+ LI<T ( TRU? & BRO!RHOOD1 & ! W>M? ( LIFE & LOVE BEGAN TO FL[ AGA9 ALONG WI!R$ VE9S TO ! P>*$ HE>TS ( ! WORK]S' 9T]NATIONAL4 ,= AS LONG AS ?AT MEMORY P]SI/S1 ALL ! PEOPLES ( ! E>? WILL BE OBLIG$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE = AN EF=T ?AT1 NOT ONLY 9 ,RUSSIA & ,EUROPE BUT 9 ! MO/ DI/ANT CORN]S ( ! GLOBE 9HABIT$ BY M51 SUCCE$$ 9 LIFT+ ! HOPES ( ! OPPRESS$4 

,WE ABSOLUTELY DO NOT CONCEAL ! CO/ ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE'S FEAT 9 T]MS ( FATIGUE1 H]OISM1 SACRIFICE & M>TYRDOM4 

,WE AN>*I/S HAVE NOT FOLL[$ ! PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION ) M5TAL RES]VATIONS OR 9 A SPIRIT ( SECT>IANISM4 ,WE NEV] TALK$ ?IS WAY1 9 PUBLIC OR 9 PRIVATE3 UP TILL N[1 BUT NO MORE4 ,SO LONG AS ! REVOLUTION WAS MOV+ =W>D WE DID NOT CONC]N \RSELVES ) :I*EV] P>TY IT WAS ?AT WON ! MO/ FAME4 ,!N NO ONE1 OR PRACTICALLY NO ONE1 SPOKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S4 ,WE KNEW--& LAT] NEWS PROV$ WE W]E RI<T--?AT !Y MU/ BE 9 ! =EFRONT ( ! BATTLE1 UNKN[N BUT NONE!LESS IMPORTANT FACTORS 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,& = US ?AT WAS 5\<4 

,WE HAVE NO P>TIZAN 9T]E/S1 NOR HAVE WE ANY NE$ TO EXPLOIT \R FALL5 TO SECURE PRIVILEGES = ! FUTURE2 & = ?AT REASON \R SIL5CE ON ! WORK ( \R COMRADES DID NOT DAMP5 \R JOY4 ,&1 BETWE5 ! MON?S ( ,M>* & ,NOVEMB]1 BE=E !Y SEIZ$ P[] 7& EV5 = A FEW MON?S AFT] !Y HAD1 UNTIL BITT] EXP]I5CE CONFIRM$ :AT \R DOCTR9E HAD GIV5 US AN 9KL+ ( 9 ADVANCE7 ! BOL%EVIKS SEEM$ TO BE ! MO/ 5]GETIC FOES ( ! OLD OPPRESSORS1 ( ! W> POLICY1 ( ALL TRUCK ) ! B\RGEOISIE2 & F\<T AGA9/ DEMOCRATIC RADICALISM ) ITS ROOTS 9 CAPITALISM &1 ALONG ) IT1 AGA9/ ! SOCIAL PATRIOTS1 RE=MI/S1 RI<T SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>IES & M5%EVIKS2 & LAT]1 :5 AFT] A LITTLE HESITATION !Y CO-OP]AT$ TO SCATT] TO ! W9DS ! EQUIVOCATION ( ! CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ! AN>*I/S1 )\T ANY S5SELESS RIVALRY1 /OOD AT !IR SIDE4 

,!Y /OOD AT !IR SIDE IDEALLY1 SPIRITUALLY1 \TSIDE ,RUSSIA &1 MORE PRACTICALLY1 9 ! SPH]E ( PROPAG&A & POLITICAL ACTIVITY AGA9/ ! SL&] & CALUMNIES ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,&1 EV5 MORE PRACTICALLY1 !Y /OOD !RE /ILL 7& ?AT EV5 AFT] !Y HAD BEGUN TO OPPOSE AT ! POLEMICAL LEVEL71 AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS :51 SO F> AS WAS POSSIBLE1 AN EF=T WAS MADE TO USE DIRECT ACTION TO PREV5T ! 9FAM\S BLOCKADE ( ,RUSSIA & TO /OP ! SUPPLY ( W> MAT]IALS TO H] 5EMIES4 ,EV]Y TIME ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION & ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE SEEM$ TO BE AT /AKE1 ! AN>*I/S HELD !IR GR\ND1 EV5 :5 !Y KNEW ?AT !Y C\LD 9DIRECTLY BE GIV+ HELP TO !IR OPPON5TS4 

,! SAME ?+1 ON A MU* L>G] SCALE1 ) A GREAT] EXP5DITURE ( 5]GIES & MORE SACRIFICES 9 RU?LESS >M$ /RUGGLE1 HAPP5$ 9SIDE ,RUSSIA :]E \R COMRADES HAVE BE5 FI<T+ = ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ CZ>ISM S9CE BE=E #a#i#a#g1 ) DOGG$ OPPOSITION TO ! W> & AFT] ?AT ) WEAPONS 9 H& 9 ,M>*2 !N LAT] AGA9/ B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & SOCIAL RE=MISM 9 ,JULY & ,OCTOB]2 FI<T+ AT LA/ ON ALL FRONTS1 GIV+ UP !IR LIVES 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ,YUD5I*1 ,D5IK9 & ,WRANGEL1 AGA9/ ! ,G]MANS 9 ,RIGA1 ! ,5GLI% 9 ,>*ANGEL1 ! ,FR5* 9 ,ODESSA & ! ,JAPANESE 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,MANY ( !M 7& ?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO SEE IF OR TO :AT EXT5T !Y W]E MI/AK5 9 SO DO+7 HAVE COLLABORAT$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 9T]NAL CIVIL OR MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 :]EV] !Y C\LD1 ) LEA/ CONFLICT ) !IR [N CONSCI5CE1 TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,& IF TODAY ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S >E AMONG ! OPPOSITION 9SIDE ,RUSSIA & FI<T AGA9/ BOL%EVIK POLICY & ! BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T1 ALL !Y >E DO+ IS PRESS+ ON--A H]OIC FEW--) ! /RUGGLE = REVOLUTION BEGUN 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#g4 

,NOT ONLY IS TODAY'S GOV]NM5T NOT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BUT IT HAS BECOME ITS V]Y NEGATION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT WAS 9EVITABLE BY VIRTUE ( ! FACT ?AT IT IS A GOV]NM5T4 ,NOT ONLY DOES FI<T+ ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T1 AT ! LEVEL ( POLEMIC1 ) REVOLUTION>Y >GUM5TS--?AT HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! >GUM5TS ( ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES--NOT ONLY DOES ?IS NOT MAKE ONE A FOE ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT IT DEF5DS IT1 CL>IFIES IT & FREES IT ( ! /A9S :I* ! BULK ( ! PUBLIC SEES 9 IT--/A9S ?AT >E NOT ( IT1 BUT COME FROM ! GOV]NM5T P>TY1 ! NEW RUL+ CA/E ?AT IS GR[+1 P>ASITE-LIKE ON ITS TRUNK1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! GREAT BULK ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,?IS 9 NO WAY PREV5TS US FROM UND]/&+ ! GR&IOSITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & APPRECIAT+ ! R5EWAL IT HAS MEANT = A GOOD HALF ( ,EUROPE4 ,! ONLY ?+ WE OPPOSE IS ! CLAIM ( A S+LE P>TY TO MONOPOLIZE ! CR$IT & ! B5EFITS ( SU* AN 5ORM\S EV5T1 :I* !Y C]TA9LY DID HAVE A H& 91 BUT 9 A PROPORTION ONE MI<T REASONABLY EXPECT FROM !IR NUMB]S & ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT ! WORK ( A P>TY--IT WAS ! WORK ( A :OLE PEOPLE3 & ! PEOPLE IS ! REAL LEAD+ ACTOR ( ! REAL ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! GR&EUR ( ! ,REVOLUTION COMES NOT 9 ! =M ( GOV]NM5T ORD9ANCES1 LAWS & MILIT>Y FEATS1 BUT 9 ! =M ( ! PR(\ND *ANGE WR\<T 9 ! MORAL & MAT]IAL LIFE ( ! POPULATION4 

,?AT *ANGE IS IRREFUTABLE4 ,CZ>ISM 9 ,RUSSIA HAS DI$1 & ) IT A :OLE 5DLESS S]IES ( MON/ROSITIES4 ,! OLD NOBLE & B\RGEOIS RUL+ CLASS IS DE/ROY$ & ALONG ) IT MANY ?+S1 FROM ! ROOTS UP1 ESPECIALLY A LOT ( PREJUDICES1 ! REMOVAL ( :I* WAS ONCE ?\<T IMPOSSIBLE4 ,%\LD ,RUSSIA1 AS APPE>S TO BE ! CASE1 BE UN=TUNATE 5\< TO SEE A NEW RUL+ CLASS =M$ !RE1 !N ! DEMOLITION ( ! OLD ANNIHILAT$ ONE LEADS TO ! EXPECTATION ?AT ! RULE ( ! NEW P[] WILL 9 ITS TURN BE OV]?R[N )\T DIFFICULTY4 ,! ORIG9AL LIB]T>IAN IDEA BEH9D ! 0,SOVIETS0 DID NOT W9 ! S\LS ( ,RUSSIANS OV] 9 VA91 EV5 IF ! BOL%EVIKS HAVE MAIM$ IT & TURN$ IT 9TO A COG 9 ! BUREAUCRACY ( ! DICTATOR%IP2 9SIDE ?AT IDEA LIES ! SE$ ( ! NEW REVOLUTION :I* WILL BE ! ONLY ONE ?AT ACTS \T REAL COMMUNISM1 COMMUNISM ) FRE$OM4 

,NO GOV]NM5T CAN LAY CLAIM ( ! MORAL R5EWAL ( ,RUSSIA 9 ! WAKE ( REVOLUTION1 NOR CAN IT DE/ROY IT2 & ?AT R5EWAL IS ! M]IT ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTION ALONE1 NOT ( A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,& ( C\RSE1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+ 7A COMRADE WROTE TO ME :O HAD JU/ RETURN$ FROM ,RUSSIA1 AFT] SOME CRITICISMS ( ! BOL%EVIK MALADM9I/RATION71 0! IMPRESSION ?AT ! LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE MAKES ALL 9 ALL IS SO GR& ?AT EV]Y?+ H]E 9 CAPITALI/ ,EUROPE SEEMS A WRET*$1 /UPID 'PETIT B\RGEOIS' IMITATION4 ,NO VULG>ITY !RE2 ONE NEV] HE>S ?OSE VULG> SONGS SUNG BY DRUNKS2 !RE ! (F-PUTT+ ATMOSPH]E ( ,SUNDAYS & ?OSE PLACES :]E PEOPLE AMUSE !MSELVES 9 WE/]N C\NTRIES DOES NOT EXI/4 ,AMID SACRIFICE & UNSPEAKABLE SUFF]+1 ! PEOPLE REALLY DO LIVE A BETT]1 MORE 9T5SE MORAL LIFE40 

,9 REAL T]MS ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION LIVES ON 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,?AT IS ! REVOLUTION WE LOVE1 ?AT WE CELEBRATE ) 5?USIASM & ) A HE>T FILL$ ) HOPE4 ,BUT1 AS WE NEV] TIRE ( REPEAT+1 ! REVOLUTION & ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE >E NOT ! GOV]NM5T ?AT1 9 ! EYES ( SUP]FICIAL FOLK1 REPRES5TS !M ABROAD4 ,A FRI5D ( M9E1 RETURN+ FROM ,RUSSIA 9 #aib BURN+ ) 5?USIASM1 :5 ,I W>N$ HIM ?AT ! SOVIETS !RE W]E A HUMILIAT+ SORT ( SUBORD9ATION & ?AT GOV]NM5T AG5TS EV5 MANIPULAT$ !IR ELECTIONS 0FASCI/ICALLY10 REPLI$ SOME-:AT RA%LY3 0,BUT IF ! MAJORITY ( ! PROLET>IANS W]E REALLY ABLE TO ELECT ! SOVIETS ( !IR *OICE1 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT REMA9 9 GOV]NM5T ANO!R WEEK60 

,IF ?AT IS SO1 !N :5 WE CRITICIZE--NOT P]SONS1 NOT 9DIVIDUALS1 :OM WE HAVE (T5 DEF5D$ AGA9/ SL&]]S 9 ! KEPT PRESS ( CAPITALISM--:5 WE1 PROMPT$ BY \R CON/ANT CONC]N NOT TO FALL 9TO ! MI/AK51 EXAGG]AT$ =M ( CRITICISM1 ATTACK ! RUL+ P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA & ?OSE ( ITS SUPPORT]S ANXI\S TO FOLL[ 9 ITS FOOT/EPS 9 ,ITALY--BECAUSE WE SEE ?AT ITS ME?ODS >E H>MFUL TO ! REVOLUTION & BR+ AB\T A REAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION--H[ CAN ANYONE SAY ?AT 0WE >E TAK+ UP A /& AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION08 

,! PROLET>IAT1 :I* KN[S & HE$S US1 KN[S ?AT ?IS IS AN EVIL1 RIDICUL\S ASS]TION1 AS EVIL & RIDICUL\S AS ! WAY ! HACKS ( ! B\RGEOISIE TRY TO PASS (F AS 9SULTS & *>GES AGA9/ ! :OLE ,ITALIAN PEOPLE ! JU/LY H>% CRITICISMS--:I* WE SUPPORT--?AT =EIGN REVOLUTION>IES LEVEL AT ! GOV]NM5T & ! RUL+ CLASS ( ,ITALY4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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