,BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM 7,9COMPLETE7 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAX ,NETTLAU 

,TAGS 3 AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS 9 LAT9 AM]ICA1 CONGRESS 9 ! HAGUE1 ITALIAN & SPANI%1 BOOKS & PAMPHLETS1 BU5OS AIRES1 LAT9 AM]ICA1 AN>*I/ IDEAS1 AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE1 UNIT$ /ATES1 EL OBR]O4 

,TEXT 3 

  

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   ,MAX ,NETTLAU WAS BORN 9 ,NEUWALDWEG1 NE> ,VI5NA ON #c ,APRIL #ahfe & DI$ ON #bc ,JULY #a#i#d#d4 ,HIS FA!R WAS DESC5D$ =M OLD ,PRUSSIAN /OCK1 & HAD NEV] R5\NC$ HIS NATIONALITY1 AL?\< HE LIV$ 9 ,AU/RIA4 ,HE SAW TO IT ?AT Y\NG ,MAX RECEIV$ A V]Y LIB]AL $UCATION3 AFT] SECOND>Y S*OOL+ 9 ,VI5NA1 ,MAX READ PHILOSOPHY 9 A V>IETY ( ,G]MAN T[NS4 ,HE SECUR$ HIS DOCTORATE AT ! AGE ( #b#c1 ) A !SIS ON ,CELTIC LANGUAGES4 

   ,5?US$ FROM AN E>LY AGE BY ! /RUGGLES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES1 ,MAX JO9$ ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & HIS AN>*I/ BELIEFS TOOK %APE3 BUT = !M1 HE MI<T HAVE GONE OV] TO ! ,M>XI/ S*OOL ( ?\<T LIKE O!R ,G]MAN LIB]T>IANS4  

   ,HE BECAME A ,BAKUN9 5?USIA/1 & 9 #ahh HE CAME UP ) ! IDEA ( WRIT+ A LIFE ( ,BAKUN94 ,AT ! TIME1 !RE W]E ONLY A FEW FRAGM5T>Y OR SUBJECTIVE WORKS ON ! LIFE ( ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! UND]TAK+ :I* ,NETTLAU SET HIMSELF WAS ONE ( ! MO/ F>-RANG+1 & BY VIRTUE ( ITS V]Y MAGNITUDE1 IT E/ABLI%$ HIS VOCATION AS A HI/ORIAN4 ,HE ?REW HIMSELF ZEAL\SLY 9TO ME?ODICAL SLEU?+ AFT] ANY DOCUM5T1 TIDBIT & TE/IMONY RELAT+ TO HIS H]O4 ,SU* RESE>*ES DREW HIM 9TO AN 9CREAS+LY PR(\ND ACQUA9TANCE ) LIB]T>IAN DOCTR9ES BE=E & AFT] ! DAYS ( ,BAKUN94 ,HE QUICKLY E/ABLI%$ HIMSELF AS AN EXP]T 9 ! FIELD1 AS WAS DEMON/RAT$ BY HIS FIR/ >TICLES1 PUBLI%$ 9 #ahi 9 ! MAGAZ9E ,FREIHEIT 7,FRE$OM71 RUN BY ,JOHANN ,MO/ 7! FIR/ ( !SE >TICLES WAS A /UDY ( ,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE1 A =E-RUNN] ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 ! SECOND ON ESSAY 0,ON ! HI/ORY ( ,AN>*Y074 ,9 #a#h#i#e1 AT ! PROMPT+ ( ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 HE COMPIL$ A #b#i#d-PAGE ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ,AN>*Y1 A COMPLETE 9V5TORY ( AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE TO HAVE SE5 ! LI<T ( DAY 9 V>I\S C\NTRIES UP TO ?AT PO9T1 9CLUD+ P]IODICALS & REVIEWS4 

   ,9 MAT]IAL T]MS1 HAV+ 9H]IT$ A SMALL =TUNE FROM HIS FA!R1 ,NETTLAU WAS ABLE TO LEAD AN 9DEP5D5T EXI/5CE1 ALBEIT A V]Y MODE/ ONE4 ,MO/ ( HIS RES\RCES HE EXP5D$ ON ! ACQUISITION ( >*IVES & ! =EIGN TRAVELS REQUIR$ BY HIS RESE>* 9 LIBR>IES1 & ON HIS CONTACTS ) ! LEAD+ MILITANTS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,FROM HIS CORRESPOND5CE1 WE LE>N ?AT HE DID ! HUMBLE/ H\SEHOLD TASKS = HIMSELF 0444MY LIFE IS LIV$ AT A BASIC LEVEL1 MY CONTACTS ) ! \TSIDE WORLD R$UC$ TO ]R&S TO ! BUT*]'S & BAK]'S1 & ! >RIVAL ( ! PO/MAN BR++ ME MY SPIRITUAL SU/5ANCE 9 ! %APE ( NEWSPAP]S & LETT]S4 

   ,) A REAL GIFT = LANGUAGES1 HE BECAME A PLYGLOT ) A COMM& ( VIRTUALLY EV]Y ,EUROPEAN LANGUAGE HE NE$$ = HIS RESE>*ES4  

   ,AL?\< NO ACTIVI/1 HE WAS NOT SL[ TO (F] HIS OP9ION3 0,I HAVE NEV] BE5 AN ACTIVE P>TICIPANT 9 ! MOVEM5T1 O!R ?AN ?R\< >TICLES 9 :I* ,I HAVE SPELL$ \T MY VIEWS4 ,MY LIFE HAS BE5 GIV5 OV] COMPLETELY TO ! MOVEM5T'S HI/ORY & ALL ( MY [N VIEWS CAN BE F\ND 9 MY WRIT+S40 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DID NOT PRECLUDE HIM FROM FOLL[+ HIS HI/ORIAN'S VOCATION ) UN%ALABLE IMP>TIALITY & 9TEGRITY3 HE PUT =W>D ONLY V]IFI$ FACTS & CONCLUSIONS1 5LI<T5$ & 5HANC$ BY ! M]E/ DETAILS :OSE SIGNIFICANCE HE WAS ADEPT AT DISCOV]+4 ,& HE NEV] REG>D$ ANY ( HIS \TPUT AS A F9I%$ PRODUCT4 ,HE WAS =EV] COMPLET+ & 5RI*+ !M 9 ! LI<T ( FRE% DOCUM5TATION4 ,ONLY A PORTION ( HIS MASS ( MANUSCRIPTS SAW PUBLICATION DUR+ HIS LIFE-TIME1 AS !RE W]E FEW PUBLI%]S WILL+ TO TAKE ! RISKS1 & MANY REMA9 UNPUBLI%$ TO ?IS DAY4 ,! >DOR ( ,NETLAU'S WORK WAS UTT]LY DIS9T]E/$ & IT NEV] FAD$1 9 SPITE ALL ! VICISSITUDES & DISAPPO9TM5TS HE SUFF]$4 

   ,HIS HE>T BOA/$ QUALITIES EV]Y BIT AS REM>KABLE AS HIS 9TELLECTUAL GIFTS4 ,HAMP]$1 ONE AFT] ANO!R1 BY ! ADV5T ( FASCISM 9 #a#i#b1 ( ,NAZISM 9 #a#i#c#c1 BY ! DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% REPUBLIC 9 #aici & BY A SECOND WORLD W>1 HE REF]R$ TO ?IS1 9 A LETT] FROM #a#i#c#e1 AS 0AN UN9T]RUPT$ S]IES ( MALADIES CAUS$ BY ! <A/LY MORAL POISON+ ( MANK9D S9CE #a#i#a#d40  ,HIS ANGUI% WAS AT ALL TIMES TEMP]$ BY F]V5T BELIEF 9 ! FUTURE COM+ ( AN>*ISM4 ,HE US$ TO SAY3 0,WE C>RY ! #a#i? C5TURY 9 \R B[ELS4 ,NO ONE CAN /EAL ! PA/ =M US1 NOR \R DREAMS ( ! FUTURE40  ,ASCETIC & PHILOSOPHICAL1 HIS APPE>ANCE MI<T HAVE CREAT$ ON IMPRESSION ( 9S5SITIVITY4 ,BUT HIS ABHORR5CE ( 9JU/ICE & VIOL5CE WAS SU* ?AT HE NEV] RE-READ TALES ( W> & BUT*]Y3 0,PUTT+ UP ) ?AT ONCE IS 5\< = ME40 ,TREA*]\S DISPLAYS ( ANIMOSITY DISGU/$ HIM4 ,)\T EV] AB&ON+ HIS [N VIEWS1 HE DEF5D$ !M ) TACT & RESPECT$ OP9IONS PROMPT$ BY GOOD 9T5TIONS & EXPRESS$ ) S9C]ITY4 0,SOMEONE :O BELABORS A MAN'S HONOR PROVES ONLY ?AT HE HIMSELF HAS NO S5SE ( HONOR & NO NOTION ( :AT HUMAN DIGNITY IS40 

   ,! DEEP-SEAT$NESS ( HIS BELIEFS1 ALLI$ TO A T\*+ DELICACY ( FEEL+1 MEANT ?AT ?IS LON]1 A MAN )\T FAMILY1 FELT AT ONE1 9TELLECTUALLY & S5TIM5TALLY1 ) ! GREAT FIGURES FROM ! AN>*I/ PA/4 ,) T5D]NESS & AMUSEM5T1 HE US$ TO REC\NT ANECDOTES FROM ! LIVES ( ,BAKUN9 OR ,RECLUS1 AS IF !Y W]E CLOSE RELATIVES4 

   ,( ALL HIS LIB]T>IAN CONTEMPOR>IES1 IT WAS ) ! ,SPANI% LIB]T>IANS ?AT HE FELT ! GREATE/ AFF9ITY4 ,EV]Y YE> HE W\LD VISIT ) HIS ,SPANI% COMRADES1 :OM HE LOV$ & ADMIR$3 0,?OSE :O1 AS ,I DO1 COME FROM ! WA/E-L& C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 FEEL 9 ,SPA9 AS IF !Y >E 9 A V]DANT Y\NG =E/1 9 ! BOSOM ( A PEOPLE ?AT HAS NOT YET =GOTT5 FRE$OM & HUMAN DIGNITY40 7LETT] WRITT5 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#b7 

   ,9 HIM1 ! ,SPANI% COMRADES HAD ONE ( !IR /AUN*E/ *AMPIONS RI<T TO ! BITT] 5D4 ,NETTLAU ISSU$ APPEALS TO HIS FRI5DS ALL OV] ,EUROPE & ! ,AM]ICAS TO PUBLICIZE ! H]OIC PA/ ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 ! CAUSES & RIVALRIES ( ! CIVIL W>1 & ! URG5T NE$ = ASSI/ANCE TO ! FI<T]S = ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,HE CLUNG TO HOPE RI<T UP TO ! LA/1 & ! HORRIFIC MON?S LEAD+ UP TO ! FALL ( ,B>CELONA & ,MADRID W]E ! BITT]E/ ( HIS LIFE4 

,HAV+ GONE 9 #ai* TO PURSUE HIS WORK AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 HE WAS OBLIG$ BY EV5TS TO /AY 9 ,AM/]DAM4 ,AS MU* ( HIS DOCUM5TATION WAS /ILL 9 ,VI5NA1 ,MADAME ,A4 ,ADAM VAN ,S*ELTEMA-KLEEF/RA1 ! ,9/ITUTE'S LIBR>IAN1 FLEW TO ,AU/RIA &1 ) ! HELP ( ! ,DUT* ,EMBASSY1 MANAG$ TO RETRIEVE !M = ,NETTLAU4 %E IT WAS 7WE >E TOLD BY ,ROCK] 9 A LETT] ( #a#i#d#e7 :O ATT5D$ TO ! DETAILS ( ! OLD MAN'S LIFE & HIS DEA? 7( AN 9OP]ABLE TUMOR7 ON #bc ,JULY #a#i#d#c4 

  

  

  

  

  

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,:AT FOLL[S CANNOT BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN ONE ( ! MO/ MODE/ ( CONTRIBUTIONS ( A FEW MAT]IALS T[>DS A BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ! AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE DISSEM9AT$ ACROSS ! VA/ T]RITORY /RET*+ FROM ,>G5T9A TO ,MEXICO & FROM ,CUBA1 ?R\< ,BRAZIL TO ,*ILI1 & :I* ORIG9AT$1 APP>5TLY AT ANY RATE 9 A DIFF]5T WAY AT A DIFF]5T TIME 9 EA* C\NTRY1 A LUXURIANT GR[? H]E BUT A V]Y WEAK ONE !RE1 & BUT R>ELY COLLAT$ & COLLECT$ &1 9EVITABLY1 VIRTUALLY 9ACCESSIBLE & ( A SCALE DIFFICULT TO GRASP = ANYONE :O1 LIKE MYSELF1 HAS NEV] V5TUR$ BEYOND A =-(F ,EUROPE4 ,IT W\LD 9DE$ BE RA% ( ME TO GRAPPLE ) ?IS SUBJECT1 HAD ,I NOT BE5 RECEIV+ & RETA9+ A PORTION ( !SE PUBLICATIONS = SOME TIME PA/1 & ,I REMEMB] ?AT MY 9T]E/ WAS PIQU$ :5EV] ,I SPOTT$ ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,EL ,P]SEGUIDO ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 :I* APPE>$ ON #ah ,MAY #a#h#i4 ,EV5 !N ,I TRI$ TO TRACK BACKW>DS1 BUT ! COMRADES ( ! TIME W]E BY !N UNABLE TO PROCURE = ME ! OLD] ,BU5OS ,AIRES P]IODICALS1 BUT 9 ! CASE ( ,MONTEVIDEO1 ,I RECEIV$ OR SUBSEQU5TLY CAME ACROSS P]IODICALS DAT+ BACK TO #ah< & #a#h#h#d4 ,FROM #ahi ONW>DS1 ,I MYSELF RECEIV$ SOME P]IODICALS & ,I AM OBLIG$ TO COMRADES = ALL ( ! 9T]VAL3 ,I KN[ ?AT ,DOCTOR ,JOHN ,CREA<E1 :OSE ACQUA9TANCE ,I MADE 9 ,LONDON1 TOLD !M ( MY 9T]E/ & ,MALATE/A TOO FACILITAT$ SU* L9KS = ME AT ?AT TIME1 9 #a#h#i4 ,ALL ( ?AT MAT]IAL HAS BE5 PROP]LY PRES]V$1 BUT CIRCUM/ANCES HAVE NOT ALL[$ ME TO REVIEW ALL ( IT 9 ! WRIT+ ( ?IS ESSAY1 TO EXTRACT BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA1 9=MATION AB\T AU?ORS & ! HI/ORY ( ! P]IODICALS1 AS WELL AS 9=MATION REG>D+ ! ORIG9S & AFFILIATIONS ( MOVEM5TS & CONC]N+ ORGANIZATIONS1 ETC4 ,?OSE S\RCES HAVE BE5 ADD$ TO 5ORM\SLY BY PUBLICATIONS S5T BY WAY ( EX*ANGES ) SOME ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/ P]IODICALS1 L>GE QUANTITIES ( :I* HAVE BE5 PRES]V$4 ,BUT IT W\LD REQUIRE A YE>'S WORK JU/ TO SCRUT9IZE ALL ?AT & PROP]LY TO >RANGE ! MANY NOTES ?AT W\LD BE MADE ( IT1 & ONE %\LD HAVE TO CONSULT A LOT ( HI/ORICAL1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIT]ATURE ON EV]Y ONE ( ?OSE C\NTRIES1 ETC4 ,?AT IS WELL BEYOND MY PRES5T CAPACITY = WORK & IS A TASK ?AT W\LD BETT] BE LEFT TO A COLLECTIVE EF=T ON ! P>T ( COMRADES FROM EA* C\NTRY & FROM EA* L>GE CITY OR PROPAG&A C5T] 9 EV]Y ONE ( ! C\NTRIES CONC]N$4 

   ,! SUBJECT MATT] W\LD BE NOT ONLY ! ORIG9S BUT ALSO ! AFFILIATIONS ( ! 9ITIATIVES 9 ONE C\NTRY ?AT IMPACT$ UPON O!R REGIONS4 ,9S(> AS ! FOCUS ( \R RESE>* IS AN>*Y1 ?OSE ORIG9S W]E V]Y MEAG]1 V]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 ATTRIBUTABLE TO ESPECIALLY ACTIVE COMRADES OR SCATT]$ GR\PS ! MEMORY ( :I* WAS PRES]V$1 =GOTT5 OR BECAME LEG5D>Y TO V>Y+ EXT5T4 ,SOMETIMES1 AN>*I/ IDEAS W]E ! FIR/ TO BE DIFFUS$ 9 A LOCALITY1 IF ! 9/IGATOR :O F\ND$ ! FIR/ GR\P CAME FROM ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 OR ,M9TEVIDEO1 OR HAD TURN$ AN>*I/ BACK 9 ,SPA91 ,PORTUGAL1 SOMETIMES ,ITALY & ,FRANCE4 ,ON O!R OCCASIONS1 !RE WAS PRIOR SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A1 ITSELF PREC$$ BY WORK]S'  EF=TS TO COMB9E1 ! PRIMITIVE TRADE UNIONISM ( AN AGE B>LEY ACQUA9T$ ) ! VAGUE/ & LEA/ ADVANC$ ( SOCIALISMS4 ,NO D\BT TOO1 9T5SE POLITICAL /RIFE1 CIVIL W>S & ELECTIONS CLU/]$ WORK]S >\ND POLITICAL BOSSES4 ,ON /ILL O!R OCCASIONS1 SOME 9TELLECTUALS EMBRAC$ ONE OR O!R ( ! ,EUROPEAN SOCIALI/ >RANGEM5TS & SET AB\T PROPAGAT+ !M OR AM5D+ !M ( !IR [N BAT3 9 ?IS REG>D1 ,FRANCISCO ,BILBAO1 ( ,*ILI1 A FOLL[] ( ,LAM5NAIS1 IS MU* M5TION$3 HE WROTE1 = 9/ANCE1 ,LAM5NAIS COMO REPRES5TANTE DEL DUALISMO DE LA CIVILIZACION MOD]NA 7,P>IS1 #a#h#e#f1 #gb PAGES 9 #a#b71 & LAT] !RE W]E1 & /ILL >E1 POSITIVI/S1 EXTREMELY ACTIVE 9 ,*ILI & 9 ,BRAZIL1 AS WELL AS 9 ,MEXICO 7,REVI/A POSITIVA74 ,& 9 ! MEXICO ( ! DECADE #a#h#f-#g1 !RE WAS ! LITTLE KN[ ,PR\DHONI/1 DOCTOR ,RHODAKANATY4  

   ,:O CAN GO BACK & TRACE ALL ( !SE T9Y FOY]S ( SOCIAL ?\<T & ! E>LIE/ RUDIM5TS ( LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ! AWAK5+ ( /RUGGLE1 ?OSE FIR/ /RIKES1 LOCAL REBELLIONS & O!R PH5OM5A - :O1 9DE$ ! UNH9D]$ C\RSE ( ! /RIV+S ( SO MANY :O PLANT$ ! IDEAS !Y BR\<T 9 FROM ! GREAT CITIES & FROM ,EUROPE1 TRAVEL+ FROM C\NTRY TO C\NTRY1 9T5T UPON PROPAG&A OR SIMPLY DRIV5 HI!R & ?I!R BY ! VAG>IES ( EV]YDAY LIFE OR BY POV]TY & P]SECUTION8 ,! HEADWAY MADE 9TO ?OSE VA/ T]RITORIES BY SOCIALISM1 BY AN>*Y - M9IMAL1 IF NOT NON-EXI/5T AS YET 9 MANY PLACES1 & SOMETIMES BOA/+ MILITANTS ( ! HI<E/ CALIB] 9 O!RS1 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,MEXICO OR ,*ILI -  IS ! SUM ( ALL ?AT4 ,LOCAL TRADITION1 SOMETIMES NO D\BT PR9T$ ACC\NTS1 :E!R R>E OR COMMONPLACE1 HAVE PRES]V$ A LITTLE ( ?AT HI/ORY3 SY/EMATIC 9QUIRY 9 ! %APE ( A SURVEY TO BE CONDUCT$ BY ! LOCAL COMRADES 9 MANY LOCALITIES W\LD UNE>? MU*3 BUT MU* HAS BE5 LO/ BEYOND RECOV]Y OR L+]S AS ONLY A VAGUE RECOLLECTION4 ,& ONLY IF ?AT SORT ( LOCAL RESE>* 9TO AN>*I/ ORIG9S W]E FOLL[$ UP BY PA9/AK+ LOCAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES = ! :OLE P]IOD - ONLY !N MI<T ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S AN>*I/ HI/ORY & BIBLIOGRAPHY BE PIEC$ TOGE!R4 ,WE >E1 SO F> AS ,I CAN TELL1 ONLY AT ! BEG9N+ ( SU* AN UND]TAK+ & ?AT FACT PROMPTS ME TO (F] :AT ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PUT TOGE!R ?US F>4   

,! MATT] IS COMPLICAT$ EV5 FUR!R BY ! 9CONTROV]TIBLE FACT ?AT :AT LIT]ATURE MAY BE 5UM]AT$ ACC\NTS = ONLY A FRACTION ( ! LIT]ATURE ?AT CONTRIBUT$ TO AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,9 BYGONE DAYS & :]ESOEV] ! P]IODICALS PUBLI%$ 9 A FEW GREAT CITIES HAD YET TO P5ETRATE1 ! IDEA WAS SPREAD ?ANKS TO :ATEV] ! E>LIE/ PROPAG&I/ HAD 9 !IR HEADS1 ABETT$ BY :ATEV] PAMPHLETS1 BOOKS OR P]IODICALS FROM ,SPA91 ,ITALY1 ETC4 !Y BR\<T ALONG ) !M OR HAPP5$ TO COME BY4 ,LAT] ?IS ,EUROPEAN LIT]ATURE1 9CLUD+ TRANSLATIONS ( ! MA9 WRIT+S PUBLI%$ 9 ,FR5*1 ETC41 WAS MORE WIDELY DIFFUS$1 BE+ CIRCULAT$ BY ! GR\PS OR ! ADM9I/RATIONS ( ! P]IODICALS4 ,LIKEWISE1 ,SPANI% BOOKS PUBLI%$ BY B\RGEOIS PUBLI%]S1 BUT SOMETIMES (F]+ TRANSLATIONS FROM ! F9E/ AN>*I/ WRIT+S 9 ,FR5* OR 9 O!R TONGUES - SU* $ITIONS1 PRODUC$ 9 ,SPA91 CIRCULAT$ ?R\< ! 9DEP5D5T BOOK%OPS ( ! GR\PS & MADE ?OSE IDEAS WIDELY KN[N4 ,ONE FUR!R DETAIL3 ,LE ,REVOLTE1 ,LA ,REVOLTE1 & ,LES ,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX1 PUBLI%$ =M ,G5EVA & ,P>IS1 W]E ! AN>*I/ P]IODICALS ?AT EX*ANG$ MO/ WIDELY ) NONE TOO K9DR$ PUBLICATIONS1 7IDEOLOGICALLY SPEAK+71 BUT ! PURPOSE ( SU* EX*ANGES WAS TO DISSEM9ATE ! IDEA1 & ! FACT ?AT SU* EX*ANGES PROCE$$ ) ! FUR!/ FLUNG PLACES 9DICATES ?AT EV]Y:]E !RE W]E 9DIVIDUALS KE5 TO ACQUA9T !MSELVES ) A P]IODICAL ?AT WAS KN[ TO BE ( LIKE M9D ) ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 7A V]Y WELL-KN[ FIGURE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA AT ! TIME7 & ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 

,ALONG ALL ( !SE BY-WAYS !RE WAS A DISSEM9ATION ( AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE & AN>*I/ IDEAS ?AT IS NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO /ATI/ICAL ANALYSIS BUT :I* CANNOT BE D5I$4 ,TO :I* MU/ BE ADD$ ! MANY ,FR5* BOOKS1 ( !ORY & IDEAS1 NOVELS1 POETRY & ON >T ?AT ESPECIALLY FROM #ahi ONW>DS W]E (T5 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*Y & :I* REA*$ ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 9 ! ORIG9AL OR 9 TRANSLATIONS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,SPANI% WORK]S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MADE OR1 FREQU5TLY1 DEEP5$ !IR ACQUA9TANCE ) AN>*I/ IDEAS !RE1 & FROM !RE ?OSE IDEAS SPREAD ?R\< ! CITIES ( S\!RN ,FLORIDA & ?R\< ,CUBA1 9TO ! TOBACCO 9DU/RY ESPECIALLY - & ELSE:]E !Y SPREAD FROM ,CALI=NIA 9TO ,MEXICO4 ,& WILL+ OR =C$ EMIGRATION BR\<T EXP]I5C$ AN>*I/S 9TO ?OSE C\NTRIES =M ,SPA91 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 ,PORTUGAL & ,RUSSIA1 ETC4 

,?US1 ( NECESSITY1 A LOT ( ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE &1 SPECIFICALLY1 A NATURAL SELECTION ( ! BE/ WORKS1 CIRCULAT$ ALONG ! L9ES 9DICAT$ & ELUDE DIRECT OBS]VATION4 ,MANY TRANSLATIONS W]E PR9T$ OR RE-PR9T$ LOCALLY3 ,I %ALL BE LI/+ MANY SU* TITLES1 & ! S]IAL PUBLICATION ( P]IODICALS MEANS ?AT AN ALMO/ COMPLETE CATALOG+ ( !M IS FEASIBLE4 ,BUT 9EVITABLY1 = MU* ( ! TIME1 SU* AN ABUNDANCE ( USEFUL WRIT+S READILY TO H& MU/ HAVE DISSUAD$ LOCAL COMRADES FROM !MSELVES WRIT+ BOOKS & PAMPHLETS1 :I* MI<T HAVE PROV$ D\BLY USEFUL 9 ?OSE E>LY /AGES4 ,H5CE1 AS ,I SEE IT ! PR(USION ( P]IODICALS1 :I* AF=D AN 9SI<T 9TO LIFE 9 ! LI<T ( ! LOCAL SITUATION1 FACILITAT+ DEBATE1 CONTROV]SY1 DIATRIBE1 VULG>IZATION1 ETC4 ,BY ?IS PROCESS1 LOCAL WRIT]S GRADUALLY EM]G$1 & ORIG9AL LOCAL LIT]ATURE HAS LONG S9CE SURFAC$ 9 ,>G5T9A & IS EM]G+ ELSE:]E AS 9 ,MEXICO1 BUT REMA9S FEEBLE 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,H[EV]1 S9CE :AT ,I %ALL T]M 9T]NATIONAL LIT]ATURE 9 ,SPANI%1 ,ITALIAN1 ,FR5*1 ETC41 EXI/S1 ?IS POV]TY ( LOCAL PUBLICATIONS IS NOT 9DICATIVE ( UND]-DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOVEM5T1 BUT IT IS OBVI\SLY IMPOSSIBLE = A DI/ANT OBS]V] TO GAUGE ! TRUE /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,I KN[ ( NO AN>*I/ P]IODICAL =M ,V5EZUELA1 & NO PAMPHLETS1 ETC41 & ,I HAVE NOT BO!R$ TO E/ABLI% :E!R !RE >E GR\PS3 NEV]!LESS1 ! BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS & P]IODICALS 9 EXI/5CE ELSE:]E MAY WELL BE FAMILI> 9 ?AT C\NTRY ALSO TO :O KN[S H[ MANY SCATT]$ SYMPA?IZ]S1 POSSIBLY1 AS YET1 PREV5T$ BY LOCAL CIRCUM/ANCES FROM %[+ !MSELVES OP5LY4 

,A FUR!R WORD REG>D+ BIBLIOGRAPHIES 9 G5]AL4 ,:]EAS HUNDR$S MAY F9D IT A HUMDRUM G5RE1 ! DRY CATALOG+1 ! P$ANTIC & PA9/AK+ ASSIDU\SNESS 9 ! LI/+ ( TITLES IS NONE!LESS A G5RE NOT )\T ITS USES4 ,9DE$4 ,IT IS \T ( SU* RECON/RUCTION ?AT CLASSIC LIT]ATURE SPR\TS & ?IS AF=DS UND]/&+1 OR AT LEA/ HELPS ONE TO UND]/& H[ ?IS PRETTY WELL DEF9ITIVE GOOD LIT]ATURE WAS >RIV$ AT4 ,! >I/OCRATIC APPROA* IS TO IGNORE ! GREAT MASS & PAY HE$ ONLY TO ! ODD EXCELL5CE1 & ?AT \TLOOK IS NOT \RS1 = IT SEES & RESPECTS ONLY ! GR& LEAD]S4 ,IT IS ! LABOR ( ! HUMBLE1 ( ! WORK]S1 ?AT CREATES ! F]TILE SOIL :]E IT IS FEASIBLE = A FEW FAIRLY GREAT TAL5TS TO BLOSSOM 9TO ?OSE R>E M5 ( TRUE G5IUS4 ,TO GET PROP]LY ACQUA9T$ ) !SE1 WE !RE=E NE$ TO TURN BACK TO ! HUMBLE1 & ?IS IS :AT1 9 LIT]ATURE1 BIBLIOGRAPHY DOES1 TRAC+ ! CONTEXT = EV]YBODY'S 5DEAVORS 9 AN >EA1 & !REBY PROVID+ ! TOOLS = AN EXAM9ATION ( ! TRUE IMPLICATIONS ( ! SALI5T \TPUT ( ! MORE EM95T4 ,JU/ AS ! >*ITECT W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO PRODUCE HIS H\SE )\T ! OBSCURE BUT CAPABLE 9-PUT ( MANY TRADES1 EV]Y ONE ( :I* A*IEVES A DEGREE ( EFFICI5CY ?AT HAS TO BE ACKN[L$G$1 SO ! \T/&+ AU?OR \<T TO BE /UDI$ 9 A CONTEXT ( FAMILI>ITY ) ! /ETT+ FROM :I* HE SPR+S4 ,IF ! SETT+ HAS REALLY PRODUC$ V]Y LITTLE1 !N ! WORK ( NOTE GA9S 9 VALUE1 ETC4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 9 ORD] TO BASE \R CONSID]ATIONS UPON AS SOLID A F\NDATION AS POSSIBLE1 BIBLIOGRAPHY TOO IS AN 9DISP5SABLE TOOL1 &1 ONCE COMPIL$1 IT MAY PROVE ( S]VICE 9 NUM]\S UND]TAK+S4  

,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,P,U,B,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N,S ,9 ,L,A,T,9 ,A,M,],I,C,A ,P,R,I,O,R ,T #ahi  

,9 #a#h#i1 ) ITS GREAT WORLD-WIDE DEMON/RATIONS TO M>K ! FIR/ ,MAY ,DAY1 !RE WAS EV]Y:]E EVID5T AN AWAK5+ ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T ?AT PROMPTLY F\ND ITSELF SUPPORT$ BY ! HI!RTO DORMANT MASSES :O RECOV]$ A S5SE ( !IR 9T]NATIONAL DIM5SIONS1 SOME:AT OV]LOOK$ EV] S9CE ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL1 & IT BLOSSOM$ ) FRE% EXPECTATIONS4 ,H[ SU* EXPECTATIONS W]E DISAPPO9T$ WE %ALL NOT BE DISCUSS+ H]E1 BUT S9CE ! GREAT DAYS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 ?AT ,MAY ,DAY ( #ahi WAS ! FIR/ GREAT DAY ( ANY NOTE & ALL ( ! MOVEM5TS RECOV]$ !IR VIGOR & MADE CONSID]ABLE HEADWAY4 ,9 BU5OS ,AIRES1 ! FIR/ AN>*I/ P]IODICAL ( ANY REAL DURATION1 ,EL ,P]SEGUIDO1 APPE>$1 LA/+ FROM #ah ,MAY #ahi TO #ca ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#g4 ,ITS APPE>ANCE WAS ONLY POSSIBLE ?ANKS TO PIONE]+ PROPAG&A :I* MU/ HAVE BE5 SOLID IF IT TRIGG]$ ?IS BLOSSOM+ FROM #ahi ONW>DS1 BUT :I* HAD NOT BE5 VIGOR\S 5\< TO PRODUCE ! SAME RESULTS E>LI]4 ,LET ME1 !RE=E1 SUMM>IZE :AT SP>SE TRACES ,I HAVE MANAG$ TO UNE>? FROM ! P]IOD LEAD+ UP TO #a#h#i4 

,= C5TURIES PA/1 ! T]M AN>*I/ HAS BE5 CURR5T :]ESOEV] PUBLIC POLITICAL ACTIVITY HAS BE5 PRACTICABLE1 DISC\NT+ ?OSE P]IODS :5 ABSOLUTISM1 HAV+ TRAMPL$ OV] ANCI5T LOCAL FRE$OMS1 IMPOS$ A G5]AL SIL5CE4 ,! MALCONT5T1 ! REBEL WAS EV] MALIGN$ BY ! MOD]ATE & ! HOLD] ( P[] AS A FACTOR = DISORD]1 A FRI5D ( AN>*Y3 H5CE ! T]M AN>*I/4 ,OCCASIONALLY IT HAPP5$ ?AT SOME ORATOR OR WRIT] BORR[$ ?IS T]M ( ABUSE1 EMBRAC$ IT1 & PR\DLY EXULT$ 9 ! UNB\ND$ FRE$OM1 ?AT /ORM ?AT WAS ALWAYS TO BE PREF]R$ OV] ! /AGNATION ( ! E/ABLI%$ P[]4 ,F9E WORDS HAVE BE5 QUOT$ FROM ,JOSE ,F4 ,RIVAS ( ,NEW ,GRANADA 7CF4 ,LA ,REVI/A ,9T]NACIONAL ,AN>QUI/A ( #ae ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#d1 P4 #b#i71 WORDS UTT]$ OR WRITT5 ON SOME OCCASION & 9 A TIME - A C5TURY OR MORE PREVI\SLY8 - ?AT ,I HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO FIX4 

,NO D\BT ! POLITICAL LIB]ATION ( ! :OLE ( ,HISPANOPHONE ,AM]ICA & ITS C\NTLESS CIVIL W>S WITNESS$1 ALONGSIDE ! GREAT B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 ADVANC$ M5 & FACTIONS1 POPUL> REBELS ( SOCIAL 9CL9ATIONS1 PHILOSOPH]S & POETS :O YE>N$ = ! MO/ P]FECT EXPRESSIONS ( FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY1 & MAYBE AMONG !SE !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 A FEW REAL SPOKESM5 = ! AN>*I/ IDEAL1 :O %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! C\NTLESS RHETORICIANS & EULOGI/S ( ?AT =MAL1 ,PLATONIC LIB]TY ?AT IS CONGRU5T ) ORD] & PROP]TY4 ,?US1 BE=E ACCEPTANCE C\LD BE SECUR$ 9 ,NEW ,GRANADA = ?AT CON/ITUTION :I*1 A FEW YE>S ON1 W\LD PROMPT ,ELISEE ,RECLUS TO WRITE 7ON #c ,OCTOB] #a#h#e#f7 ?AT ,NEW ,GRANADA 0)\T KN[+ IT1 WAS ! FREE/ NATION 9 ! WORLD0 7CF4 ,CORRESPOND5CE ,P>IS1 ,I1 #a#i#a#a1 P4 #a#c#i71 !RE HAD TO BE CONSID]ABLE RADICAL & ANTI-CL]ICAL AGITATION1 & LIVELY DISCUSSION ( ALL POLITICAL ISSUES & A FEW SOCIAL ISSUES ALSO4 ,I DO NOT KN[ :E!R ?IS P]IOD HAS BE5 SCRUT9IZ$ CLOSELY3 ALL ?AT ,I HAVE SE5 IS A FEW SLI<T+ REM>KS UTT]$ BY ! REACTION>IES 9 PAMPHLETS LIKE3 ,AN>QUIA Y ROJISMO 5 ,NUEVA ,GRANADA BY ,M4 ,ANCIZ> 7,SANTIAGO1 ,*ILI1 #a#h#e#c7 & ,OBS]VACIONES SOBRE LA AN>QUIA Y ROJISMO 5 ,NUEVA ,GRANADA 7ANONYM\S1 IBID1 #a#h#e#c74 

,9 SU* /RUGGLES AGA9/ DICTATORS1 AGA9/ ! CL]GY1 ETC41 !RE WAS SCOPE = ELABORAT+ UPON ! REASONABLE & G5]\S CONDITIONS ( FRE$OM1 & ?\< A READ+ ( ! WORKS ( ,PR\DHON1 9 ,FR5*1 OR 79 ! YE>S #a#h#g-#a#h#h7 9 TRANSLATIONS BY ,PI Y ,M>GAL & O!RS1 A FEW ISOLAT$ M9DS WILL ALSO HAVE ACQUIR$ A GRASP ( SOCIAL FRE$OM1 BUT1 SAVE = ONE 9 ,MEXICO1 ,I HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO TRACE !M4 

,I V]Y MU* REGRET MY UNFAMILI>ITY ) ! HI/ORICAL WORK ( ,DOCTOR ,ANGEL ,JIM5EZ1 :I* ! AU?OR ( ! ABOVE-M5TION$ >TICLE =M ! ,P>ISIAN REVIEW US$ 9 HIS RESE>*ES4 ,?US1 ,I DO NOT HAVE A CLE> PICTURE ( ,B>OLOME ,VICTORY Y ,SU>EZ1 A ,SPANI>D1 FROM :OSE PRESSES ISSU$ --- ACCORD+ TO ?AT S\RCE - A TRANSLATION ( ,CABET1 ! ,IC>IAN COMMUNI/1 A WORK]'S P]IODICAL CALL$ ,EL ,>TESANO & LAT] ! ,REVI/A ,MASONICA ,AM]ICANA4 ,HE IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE HAD DEAL+S ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,B>CELONA 7IT HAV+ BE5 E/ABLI%$ !RE S9CE #a#h#f#i74 

,NO D\BT NEWS FROM ,BU5OS ,AIRES MU/ HAVE REA*$ ,SPA9 AT ?IS TIME1 = !RE WAS 0A MEMOIR FROM ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES ,TYPOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 WRITT5 BY ITS PRESID5T1 ,JUAN ,M4 ,P4 ,M$EZ0 & :I* M5TION$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,B>CELONA - ?AT DOCUM5T1 M5TION$ 9 ! S\RCE NAM$1 IS UND\BT$LY ! SAME ONE =M :I* ,I DISCOV]$ A L5G?Y EXTRACT 9 ,LA ,EMANCIPACION 7,MADRID7 ,NO4 #a#c1 #aa ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#g#b1 5TITL$3 ,EL ,SOCIALISMO 5 LAS ,REPEBICAS AM]ICANAS4 ,?IS WAS 9DE$ SOCIALISM1 SOME:AT G5]AL1 & G5]IC1 NEI!R AN>*I/ NOR - AS F> AS ,I CAN RECALL AT ANY RATE - POLITICAL OR AU?ORIT>IAN1 & SU* S5TIM5TS W]E PROBABLY ?OSE ( ! SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL-- F\ND$ 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES #a#h#g#b4-- 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL SPREAD \T FROM ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#f#d1 EI!R ?R\< ! ADH]5CE ( WORK]S SOCIETIES AS AFFILIAT$ SECTIONS OR ORGANIZATIONS BY MEANS ( NOTIFICATION ( ! SECRET>IES = ! V>I\S LANGUAGES & ! 5DORSEM5T ( APPLICATIONS BY ! ,C5TRAL OR ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 OR ?R\< REPORTS FROM ISOLAT$ MEMB]S :OM ! ,C\NCIL APPO9T$ AS CORRESPOND5TS & :OSE TASK IT WAS TO F\ND SECTIONS4 ,! EF=TS ( !SE CORRESPOND5TS W]E EI!R SUCCESSFUL OR UNSUCCESSFUL1 PROSP]$ OR W]E V]Y SOON AB&ON$1 ,) REG>D TO ! ,AM]ICAS1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,I CAN BUT CITE :AT ,FRIBORG & ,*>LES ,LIM\S9 WROTE 9 !IR REPORT ON ! ,LONDON ,CONF]5CE ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#e1 ,?AT 0/EPS HAVE BE5 TAK5 TO E/ABLI% CORRESPOND5CE444) ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO1444) ! ,FR5* COLONIES ( ,GUADEL\PE & ,M>T9IQUE40 7,LE ,SIECLE ,P>IS1 #ad ,OCTOB] #a#h#f#g74 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL'S REPORT TO ,LAUSANNE ,CONGRESS 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#g7 A BRAN* :I* & EXI/$ 9 ,GUADEL\PE 9 #ahff HAD NOT PAID1 OR HAD CEAS$ PAY+ ITS DUES 9 #a#h#f#f-#a#h#f#g4 ,AT ! ,CONGRESS 9 ,! ,HAGUE 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#b71 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL REPORT$ ?AT ! ORGANIZATION WAS FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0UND DASS ,V]ZWEIGUNG5 BE/EH5 9 ,BU5OS ,AYRES1 ,AU/RALI5 UND ,NEUSEEL&40 7,CF4 ! ,G]MAN TRANSLATION ( ! (FICIAL REPORT1 ,BRAUNS*WEIG1 #dPP4 9 #d474 ,! VAGUE T]M1 ,V]ZWEIGUNG5 SUGGE/S ?AT !RE W]E NEI!R RECOGNIZ$ SECTIONS NOR =MALLY AFFILIAT$ ORGANIZATIONS3 9 ! CASE ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ?IS PROBABLY W\LD HAVE M5T ?AT !RE WAS A SECTION !RE1 BUT ?AT IT HAD NOT SUBMITT$ ! APPLICATION = ADMISSION REQUIR$ UND] ! ,/ATUTES AS ESS5TIAL4 ,! LIKELIHOOD IS ?AT ! SECTION /AY$ ?AT WAY & ?AT NO H>M WAS SE5 9 IT4 ,F4,A4 ,SORGE1 ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 9 A SUMM]Y ( NEWS RECEIV$ BETWE5 ,DECEMB] #ahgb & ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#g#c1 /AT$3 0,VON ,BU5OS ,AIRES KAM ,NA*RI*T1 DASS DIE ,9T]NATIONALE DORT ,FUSS GAFAS/ HABE UND E9E ,SEKTION GEGRUNDET SEI1 DIE B]EITS #be ,MITGLI$] ZAEHLE044 7CF4 ,BRIEFE444 AN ,F4 ,A4 ,SORGE ,/UTTG>T1 #a#i#f1 P4 #i#b74 ,WAS ,SORGE REF]R+ TO ! SECTION OR TO ! F$]ATION8 ,BECAUSE !RE >E MORE EXACT S\RCES4 

,A LETT] FROM ! G5]AL SECRET>Y ( ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES SECTIONS 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #bc ,M>* #a#h#g#c7 TO A CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,FRANCE1 7,L>ROQUE1 ( ,BORDEAUX71 A LETT] DESIGN$ TO BUILD CLOSE RELATIONS ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,EUROPE1 - /ATES3 ! ,FR5* SECTION WAS ! FIR/ =M$1 FOLL[$ BY ! ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI% SECTIONS3 EA* SECTION HAS ITS [N C5TRAL COMMITTEE & MATT]S ( G5]AL 9T]E/ >E H&L$ BY A F$]AL C\NCIL MADE UP ( SIX MEMB]S 7TWO P] SECTION440 ,?AT LETT] WAS ADDRESS$ TO ,JOSE ,TONASSI ( ,LA ,BELG]IE DES ,ALPES1 = TRANSMISSION TO ,M4 7ONSIEUR7 ,AUB]T4 ,MI<T ?IS ,AUB]T HAVE BE5 ! 0,JULES ,AUB]NE0 :O WAS ONE ( ?OSE >RE/$ ON #ad ,M>* #ahge & DIS*>G$ ON #b ,APRIL8 7CF4 ,REV4 ,9T4 ,AN4 #ae ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#d1 P4 #c74 

,VICTORY Y ,SU>EZ - ACCORD+ TO ! LA/ -NAM$ S\RCE - ALSO TOLD H[ 9 #ahgb A 0,FR5* SECTION0 HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$3 9 ITS PROGRAM IT /AT$ 044?AT IT IS 9CUMB5T UPON MEMB]S TO REJECT ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T ?AT IS NOT ! EMBODIM5T ( ! WORK]S01 A PHRASE ?AT RA!R 9DICATES ?AT ! AU?ORS ( ?AT PROGRAM W]E NO AN>*I/S1 BUT ?AT !Y BELIEV$ 9 GOV]NM5T BY A WORK]S' P>TY1 A VIEW V]Y MU* 9 CURR5CY AT ! TIME3 9 %ORT1 A WORK] DEPUTY 9/EAD ( A B\RGEOIS DEPUTY4 ,AUB]T WROTE TO ,L>ROQUE1 A FRI5D ( ,LAF>GUE'S1 ?AT ANO!R ( ,LAF>GUE'S FRI5DS1 ,WILM>T1 FROM ,BORDEAUX1 A MEMB] ( ! M>XI/ MAJORITY AT ! ,CONGRESS 9 ,! ,HAGUE1 HAD GONE TO ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 HAV+ SET SAIL FROM ,LISBON ON #ai ,OCTOB] #a#h#g#b4 ,SO ?AT SECTION1 BY :I* ,I MEAN ! ,FR5* MEMB]S1 WAS C]TA9LY NOT AN>*I/3 :E!R IT WAS DRAWN ESPECIALLY FROM AMONG REFUGEES =M ! ,COMMUNE OR FROM EMIGRES =M S\?-EA/ ,FRANCE1 =M ,BORDEAUX & ! ,GIRONDE1 ,I CANNOT TELL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,ANGEL ,JIM5EZ1 AFT] ,SEPTEMB] #ahgb IT ISSU$ SEV5 OR EI<T NUMB]S ( A P]IODICAL CALL$ ,EL ,TRABAJADOR1 & ,MAY #ahge SAW ! PUBLICATION1 9 ,FR5*1 ( ! REPUBLICAN & 9T]NATIONALI/ ,LE ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE1 WRITT5 BY ,S4 ,P\RCILLE4 ,9 ,CORDOBA1 A SECTION WAS F\ND$ 9 #a#h#g#d4 

,F9ALLY1 ! SAME S\RCE M5TIONS1 )\T GO+ 9TO DETAILS1 ?AT1 9 #a#h#g#f1 ! SMALL NUMB] ( ,9T]NATIONALI/S REMA9+ HAD ALLEG$LY EMBRAC$ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS & SET UP A 0C5T] ( LABOR PROPAG&A0 :I* PUBLI%$ AN EXPOSITION ( ITS ?9K+ 9 #ahgi 9 A PAMPHLET 5TITL$ ,UNA ,IDEA4 ,I AM NOT FAMILI> EI!R ) ?IS PAMPHLET OR ) ANY ( ! DETAIL ( !SE DEVELOPM5TS1 BIT !RE IS EV]Y LIKELIHOOD ?AT ! P]SECUTION 5DUR$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SPA9 & RE/ORATION ( ! MON>*Y !RE 9 #ahgd WILL HAVE DRIV5 ,SPANI% AN>*I/ EMIGRES & REFUGEES TO ,S\? ,AM]ICA & TO ,MEXICO1 !REBY GIV+ A BOO/ TO PROPAG&A & ?R[+ D[N A SIGNIFICANT *ALL5GE TO AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/ ELEM5TS4 ,9 ! LAT] MON?S ( #a#h#g#e1 ! ,BULLET9 ( ! ,JURA 7,SWITZ]L&7 RECEIV$1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 AS IT RECORD$ AT ! TIME1 A COPY ( ,EL ,SOCIALI/A ( ,MEXICO1 9 :I* WAS 9S]T$ AN APPEAL FROM A SECTION F\ND$ 9 ,MONTEVIDEO1 ADDRESS$ TO ! WORK]S ( ?AT CITY1 URG+ !M TO JO9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,!N1 FROM ,SWITZ]L& :]E ! ,F$]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! 7ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN7 ,9T]NATIONAL WAS BAS$ AT ! TIME1 CORRESPOND5CE WAS /RUCK UP ) ,MEXICO & ,MONTEVIDEO 7CF4 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME ,L',9T]NATIONALE ,P>IS1 ,I,I,I1 #a#i#i1 P4#c#f74 ,! ,MONTEVIDEO SECTION S5T A LETT] TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S ,B]NE ,CONGRESS ( ,OCTOB] #a#h#g#f3 7OP4CIT41 ,I,V1 #aia PP4 #a#c1 #a#b#b-#a#b#c74 ,! #bb ,APRIL #ahgg $ITION ( ! ,BULLET9 C>RI$ A LETT] FROM ! COMMITTEE ( ! 0,SOCIETE 9T]NATIONALE DES ,\VRI]S0 9 ,MONTEVIDEO1 RELAT+ ?AT ! CONCTRUCTION WORK]S & %IP'S C>P5T]S HAD E/ABLI%$ ASSOCIATIONS1 ETC4 7OP4CIT4 ,I,V1 P4#a#i#c74 ,9 ,MONTEVIDEO A ,F$]ACION WAS =M$ & ?IS WAS 9DUCT$ 9TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL AT ! ,V]VI]S CONGRESS ( ,SEPTEMB] #ahgg 7OP4CIT4P4 #b#e#h74 

,:E!R ! EMBRAC+ ( AN>*I/ IDEAS BY ! ,BU5OS ,AIRES ,9T]NATIONALI/S1 DEF9ITE BY >\ND #a#h#g#f1 WAS DUE TO LOCAL FACTORS1 TO ! >RIVAL ( ,SPANI% ,9T]NATIONALI/S OR TO SOME 9FLU5CE ORIG9AT+ ) ?AT ,MONTEVIDEO SECTION1 IS A PROBLEM :I* !RE IS NO EVID5CE TO HELP ME RESOLVE4 ,IT MAY BE SAID ?AT1 HAD !RE BE5 DEAL+S ) ,MONTEVIDEO AT ! TIME1 ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 KN[N 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 :I* WAS NOT ! CASE4 ,9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES !RE WAS A ,FR5* SOCIALI/1 ONE ,BAUX1 BUT HE WAS CRITICAL ( AN>*Y3 IT WAS HE :O WROTE TO ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 :O REPLI$ ) ! SPL5DID LETT] PUBLI%$ 9 ,LE ,TRAVAILLEUR 7,G5EVA7 UND] ! TITLE ,L',EVOLUTION LEGALE ET L'AN>*IE4 ,LETTRE AU COMPAGNON ,BAUX 9 ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y ( #a#h#g#h4 ,! ADDRESS BOOK ( ! ,BULLET91 :I* ,I WAS ABLE TO CONSULT1 RECORDS1 AFT] ,JANU>Y #a#h#g#g3 ,DON ,P$RO ,B]N>D1 ,CALLE ,CONVECION #a#a1 ,MONTEVIDEO - ! ONLY MAN 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA RECEIV+ ! ,JURA ,BULLET91 :I* /OPP$ COM+ \T ON #be ,MAY #a#h#g#h4 #e ,MAY #ah< SAW ! APPE>ANCE ( ,EL ,9T]NACIONAL 9 ,MONTEVIDEO3 A SECOND ISSUE APPE>$ ON #ab ,MAY3 ?OSE >E ! ONLY TWO ( :I* ,I HAVE KN[L$GE4 ,I DO NOT HAVE !M TO H&1 BUT !Y /RUCK ME AS AN>*I/ :5EV] ,I LAID EYES ON !M4 

 ,FROM COMRADE ,VALADES 9 ,MEXICO1 ,I LE>N$ ON #bf ,APRIL #aibd ?AT1 SO F> AS HE HAD BE5 ABLE TO E/ABLI%1 ,C>LOS ,SANZ ( ,B>CELONA1 HAD GONE TO ,MEXICO & BE5 ACTIVE !RE BEG9N+ 9 ! E>LY MON?S ( #ahgc - FUR!R DETAILS WILL FOLL[ - & HE WAS A COMRADE ( ,RAFAEL ,F>GA ,PELLIC]3 HE WAS EXTREMELY ACTIVE & BY ?AT TIME HAD ALREADY BE5 TO ,URUGUAY & ,>G5T9A4 ,?US1 9 #ahgb HE C\LD HAVE BE5 ONE ( ! FIR/ PEOPLE TO DISSEM9ATE ! IDEAS 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES1 BUT P]HAPS HIS /AY WAS TOO %ORT AL?\< HE DID LIVE = A LONG TIME 9 ,MEXICO & WAS V]Y ACTIVE4 

,EL ,DESCAMISADO 7,BU5OS ,AIRES7 WAS AN>*I/ FROM #f ,JANU>Y #ahgi ON1 BUT IT /RUCK ME AS RA!R PRIMITIVE 9 ITS GRASP ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ?AT >TICLE :I* ,I HAVE CIT$ SEV]AL TIMES1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S SECTION 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES HAD BE5 RECON/ITUT$ ON #ah ,SEPTEMB] #ahgi & ,OCTOB] SAW ! APPE>ANCE ( ,LA ,VANGU>DIA1 WRITT5 BY ,$U>DO ,CAMANO4 

,9 ADDITION1 ,I HAVE JOTT$ D[N1 PROBABLY FROM ,LE ,REVOLTE ( ,G5EVA1 A NOTE REG>D+ ,LA REVOLUCION SOCIAL 7,MONTEVIDEO #a#h#h#b7 & ,F$]ACION DE ,TRABAJADORES 7BEG9N+ ON #e ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#e3 ! LA/ ISSUE ( :I* ,I HAVE ANY KN[L$GE1 ,NO #a#c1 DATES FROM #ba ,NOVEMB]74 ,9 ,BU5OS ,AURES !RE WAS ,LA ,LU*A ,OBR]A1 ) ONE PROGRAM $ITION & #bi ISSUES1 BETWE5 #b ,M>* & #bh ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#d4 ,IT WAS FROM ?IS P]IODICAL ?AT ! PAMPHLETS ,LA ,MUJ] 7#a#dPP41 NO AU?OR1 NO PLACE 9DICAT$3 #a#h#h#d7 & ,QUE ES LA SOLID>IDAD8 7#a#h#h#d7 W]E LIFT$4 

,>\ND ?IS TIME1 ! ,FRANCOPHONE AN>*I/ ELEM5TS W]E /R5G!N$ BY ! >RIVAL ( ,EMILE ,PIETTE & O!R ,BELGIANS :O HAD LANG BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! ,BELGIAN ,9T]NATIONAL & LATT]LY 9 ! ,L',ET9CELLE GR\P 9 ,V]VI]S1 ,!Y MU/ HAVE C>RI$ \T AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A1 AS DI/9CT FROM ! AN>*I/ COLLECTIVI/ V>IETY ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/S FROM ,SPA94 ,IT W\LD BE 9T]E/+ TO E/ABLI% H[ BO? S*OOLS CONDUCT$ !MSELVES 9 ,>G5T9A1 9 ?AT 9 ,SPA9 9 ! YE>S ?AT FOLL[$ - !SE W]E ! DAYS ( ,LA ,JU/ICIA ,HUMANA 9 ,B>CELONA 7#a#h#h#f7 & ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD 9 ,GRACIA 7#a#h#h#h-#h#i71 ! E>LIE/ AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ M\?PIECES 9 ,SPA9 - !Y CLA%$ BITT]LY4 ,IT IS MY BELIEF ?AT !RE W]E FEW] CLA%ES 79 ,>G5T9A71 ?ANKS TO ! TACT ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A :O SP5T ! YE>S #ahhe TO #ahhi 9 ,>G5T9A & :O HAD BE5 EQUALLY CONV]SANT ) BO? S*OOLS ( OP9ION = SOME TIME4 ,I HAVE NEV] MANAG$ TO SEE ,LA ,QUE/IONE SOCIALE OR ,LA ,CUE/ION ,SOCIAL :I* HE PUBLI%$ 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES 9 #ahhe 9 ,ITALIAN & 9 ,SPANI%1 RESPECTIVELY4 

,BETWE5 #ahhe & #a#h#i1 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 !RE W]E ALSO ! FOLL[+ P]IODICALS3 ,EL ,SOCIALI/A 7,ITALIAN73 ,NO #f IS DAT$ #bh ,AUGU/ & ,NO #h #d ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#g4 ,V5TI ,SETTEMBRE 7,ITALIAN71 A ONE-(F DAT$ #b ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#i4 #aa DE ,NOVIEMBRE1 A ONE-(F1 #aa ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#i1 ,MONTEVIDEO & ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 ,& 9 ,MONTEVIDEO3 

,IL ,SOCIALI/A 7,ITALIAN7 FROM #ah ,AUGU/ #ahhi ON4 

,LA ,VOZ ,DEL ,TRABAJADOR 7AN>*I/ COMMUNI/7 FROM #a ,DECEMB] #ahhi TO #af ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i4 #a ISSUES4 

,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE MAY WELL HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ ELSE:]E 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA DUR+ ?OSE YE>S1 BUT ,I HAVE NO KN[L$GE ( IT3 IT ONLY REMA9S = ME TO 9DICATE PRE-#a#h#i PUBLICATIONS 9 ,MEXICO & ON ! ISL& ( ,CUBA4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,( ALL ( ! L>G] C\NTRIES ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ,MEXICO IS ! ONE ?AT EXP]I5C$ MO/ REVOLUTIONS & UPRIS+S DUR+ ! ,X,I,X C5TURY & ?IS HAS P]SI/$ FOLL[+ ! 9T]VAL ( ! ,PORFIRIO ,DIAZ DICTATOR%IP3 !Y /ILL EMBODY A SOCIAL *>ACT] TO A GREAT EXT5T1 REPRES5T+ AS !Y DO ! PEASANTS' REBELLION AGA9/ FEUDALISM1 AS WELL AS ! REBELLION ( ! WORK]S :O EXTRACT ! C\NTRY'S NATURAL WEAL?1 AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S1 & ESPECIALLY ! =EIGN CAPITALI/ :O CLAIM IT = !MSELVES4 ,A SIZABLE ,9DIAN POPULATION1 D5I$ READY ACCESS TO L&1 TO NATURAL RES\RCES & ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 TOL]ATES ONLY GRUDG+LY ! F>CICAL GOV]NM5T1 AGR>IAN & 9DU/RIAL EXPLOITATION & ! P>ASITISM ( A V]Y WEAL?Y CL]GY4 ,H5CE1 ALONGSIDE ! CIVIL W>S PROMPT$ BY ! V>I\S POLITICAL FACTIONS' LU/ = P[]1 !RE HAS BE51 MORE FREQU5TLY ?AN ELSE:]E1 A PLA9LY SOCIAL & ALSO LIB]T>IAN REVOLT1 LEAD+ TO SEIZURE ( ! L& & A REPUDIAT+ & ES*EW+ ( ! ,/ATE1 & SUBSCRIB+ TO ! FREE REGION OR COMMUNE AS ! IDEAL4 ,H5CE TOO1 & ABOVE ALL 9 ! E>LY /AGES1 ! CAVALI] NEGLECT ( WRITT51 !ORETICAL & LIT]>Y PROPAG&A1 S9CE ACTION & REAL FI<T+ - RIFLE1 HORSE1 PLA9S & M\NTA9S1 >E MORE READILY ACCESSIBLE TO ! REBEL !RE ?AN 9 C\NTRIES ) MEEK1 FATALI/IC POPULATIONS4 

,IT IS ! CR$IT ( COMRADE ,VALADES ?AT HE HAS SCURT9IS$ ,MEXICO'S LIB]T>IAN ORIG9S V]Y ATT5TIVELY3 UNTIL SU* TIME AS HE PRES5TS HIS F9D+S TO US 9 BOOK =M1 WE CAN LE>N SOME?+ =M HIS >TICLE ,DE LA HI/ORIA DEL AN>QUISMO 5 ,MEXICO4 ,LA 9SURRECCION DE ,*ALCO 7,MAYO DE #a#h#f#i7 9 ! ,SUPLEM5TO TO ,LA ,PROTE/A1 ,NO #a#a#i1 #a ,MAY #a#i#b#d3 & FROM ! FIR/ ( ,JULIO ,DIAZ'S >TICLES ,DESDE ,MEXICO4 ,EL MOVIMI5TO OBR]O Y LA PROPAG&A AN>QUI/A 9 ,LA ,PROTE/A #c-#h ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#e3 ,I ALSO CAN CALL UPON ! LETT] ?AT ,VALADES WROTE ME ON #bf ,APRIL #a#i#b#d4 ,H]E ,I WILL LIFT FROM IT ONLY A FEW NAMES ( ! E>LIE/ COMRADES FROM ! YE>S #a#h#f-#a#h#g1 PEOPLE LIKE ! /UD5TS ,ZALACO/A1 ,JUAN ,VILL>EAL & ,H]M5EGILDO ,VILLAVIC5CIO 7#a#h#f#e71 ! PHILOSOPHY TEA*] ,PLAT9O ,RHODAKANATY1 A ,PR\DHONI/ :O WAS 9 ,MEXICO FROM #ahfb OR #a#h#f#c1 OR ! REBEL 9 ,*ALCO 7,MEXICO ,/ATE7 ON #a ,MAY #a#h#f#i1 ,JULIO ,*AVEZ1 CAPTUR$ ON #ag ,AUGU/ & %OT ON #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#i4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT !SE M51 TOGE!R FROM #ahfe 9SPIR$ ! =MATION ( ! ,CIRCULO DE OBR]OS MEXICANOS 7#e ,M>* #a#h#g7 &1 9 DEFIANCE ( A M9ORITY ( MOD]ATES1 ?AT ( A FUR!R C5T] CALL$ ,LA ,SOCIAL 7#b ,MAY #a#h#g#a74 ,BOL/]$ BY ! 9FLUX ( REFUGEES =M ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 BUT AFT] A TIME SWAMP$ UTT]LY BY LEGALIT>IANS1 !Y =M$ A M9ORITY AT ! ,FIR/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIETIES ( ,MEXICO 7#e ,M>* #a#h#g#f7 &1 UND] ! PROTRACT$ REIGN ( ,PRESID5T ,DIAZ1 ! BROAD MASS ( ! WORK]S RETREAT$ 9TO A BL& MUTUALISM4 ,LA ,SOCIAL WAS REORGANIZ$ BY ! LIB]T>IANS 7#g ,MAY #a#h#g#f74 ,! HI< PO9T ( ITS AGITATION WAS ! #ad ,DECEMB] #ahgi DEMON/RATION BY #e1 WORK]S 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY1 :]E1 ACCORD+ TO A LOCAL J\RNALI/ CIT$ BY ,VALADES1 UPW>DS ( A HUNDR$ R$ FLAGS W]E BR&I%$ BEH9D A HUGE BLACK PLAC>D ON :I* WAS WRITT51 9 R$ LETT]+3 0,LA ,SOCIAL1 AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,JURA'S GREAT ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEAGUE40 

,FROM ! E>LY MON?S ( #ahgc ON1 ,C>LOS ,SANZ1 :O HAD >RIV$ 9 ,MEXICO =M ,B>CELONA1 WAS V]Y ACTIVE 9 ! LIB]T>IAN RANKS3 IT IS SAID ?AT AT A GA!R+ ON #b ,M>* 9 MEMORY ( ! ,COMMUNE HE READ \T A LETT] =M 0,F>GA ,PELLIC] & ,BAKUN903 !RE IS NO O!R EVID5CE CONNECT+ HIM ) ,BAKUN91 BUT ?AT IS NOT TO DISMISS ! ALLEGATION ?AT ,I CAN BUT REPEAT ) CIRCUMSPECTION1 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VALADE'S RESE>*ES1 ! P]SECUTIONS ( #ahh PROMPT$ ,RHODAKANATY TO GO TO GR\ND1 :IL/ ,ZALACO/A SP5T SEV]AL YE>S 9 PRISON AFT] #ahha & IT IS BELIEV$ ?AT ,SANZ LEFT ! C\NTY & MY HAVE ATT5D$ ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y CONGRESS HELD 9 ,LONDON 9 ,JULY #a#h#h#a4 ,H[EV]1 ! RECORDS ( ! CONGRESS1 PASS$ TO ME BY ,G4 ,BRO*]1 AS WELL AS ,BRO*]'S [N RECOLLECTIONS1 7,HE WAS ! ORGANIZ] ( ! ,LONDON CONGRESS71 MAKE NO REF]5CE TO A ,C>LOS ,SANZ1 :O %\LD NOT1 ( C\RSE BE CONFUS$ ) ,NA?AN ,GANZ1 :O WAS !N RESID+ 9 ,BO/ON1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 :]E HE PUBLI%$ ! ,5GLI%-LANGUAGE MAGAZ9E ,! ,AN>*I/ & :O C>RI$ A M&ATE =M ! LEGALIT>IAN ,MEXICAN ORGANIZATION QUITE AT ODDS ) ,C>LOS ,SANZ'S ,LA ,SOCIAL3 ! =M] ORGANIZATION PUBLI%$ ,EL ,SOCIALI/A 7:I* APPE>$ FROM #i ,JULY #ahga ON1 A PAP] :OSE TWO $ITIONS FROM #a#h#h#a1 :I* ,I HAVE SE5 = MYSELF1 CONTA9$ ONLY A WI%Y-WA%Y OR 9SIPID SOCIALISM74 ,AT ! ,LONDON CONGRESS1 ,NA?AN ,GANZ MADE EXAGG]AT$ & UNRELIABLE CLAIMS = REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM 9 ,MEXICO4 ,AT ?AT V]Y PO9T1 #a#h#h#a1 MO/ MILITANTS HAD BE5 SCATT]$ OR R5D]$ HORS DE COMBAT1 P]HAPS AS A RESULT ( ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! ,PORFIRIO ,DIAZ REGIME1 :I* !REAFT] & = ! NEXT TW5TY YE>S KEPT ,MEXICO 9 SAD & SIL5T SUBJUGATION1 LEAD+ TO BUILDUP ( REVOLUTION>Y PASSIONS ?AT F9ALLY ]UPT$ TO UNLEA% ! FEATS ( ! ,MAGON BRO!RS1 ,PRAX$ES ,GU]R]O & SO MANY O!RS4 

,! PUBLICATIONS ( UNMI/AKABLY AN>*I/ P]SUASIONS W]E3 

,LA ,COMUNA ( :I* #c ISSUES W]E PUBLI%$1 />T+ =M #bh ,JUNE #a#h#g#d4 

,LA ,9T]NACIONAL #aa ISSUES BETWE5 #ad ,JULY & #ae ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#f1 A P]IODICAL :I* /AT$ - & H]E ,I AM QUOT+ ,VALADES - 0\R PROGRAM IS SOCIAL AN>*Y1 ! ABOLITION ( ALL GOV]NM5TS & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION10 0! ELEV5 ISSUES ( ?IS P]IODICAL 7#d PAGES1 9 HALF TRIPLE7 >E V]Y MU* 9 L9E ) ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T04 

,REPORTS 9 ,LE ,REVOLTE & 9 ,FREIHEIT CONC]N+ ! ,LONDON CONGRESS ( #ahha LI/ ! TITLES ( P]IODICALS NAM$ BY ,N4 ,GANZ1 BUT !IR COMM5TS DO NOT 9SPIRE CONFID5CE4 ,RHODAKANATY TRANSLAT$ ,PR\DHON'S CELEBRAT$ BOOK 7#a#h#e#a7 AS ,IDEA G5]AL DE LA ,REVOLUCION 5 EL SIGLO ,X,I,X 7,BIBLIOTECA ,SOCIALI/A3 ,MEXICO7 

 ,! LI/ WILL BE EXP&$ ONCE ,VALADES HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T IS PUBLI%$4 ,BUT IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT FEW PUBLICATIONS WILL BE F\ND = ! TW5TY FIVE YE>S AFT] #a#h#h#a1 ASIDE =M ONE PAMPHLET 9 #a#i#c4 ,I CANNOT SAY :E!R AN>*I/ P]IODICALS1 BOOKS & PAMPHLETS FROM ELSE:]E 9 ,SPANI% SPEAK+ C\NTRIES !N MADE !IR WAY 9TO ,MEXICO4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,AS REG>DS ! ISL& ( ,CUBAA EV5 :ILE IT WAS /ILL UND] ,SPANI% RULE4 ,! TOBACCO 9DU/RY L$ TO WORK] ORGANIZATION & 9 !IR FREQU5T DEAL+S ) ,SPA9 !Y MI<T EASILY HAVE BECOME ACQUA9T$ ) AN>*I/ IDEAS1 ,ONE P]IODICAL1 ,EL ,OBR]O1 ( ,HAVANA1 WAS1 9 ! YE>S AFT] #a#h#h1 A RA!R CORPORATIVE ORGAN1 BUT ,EL ,PRODUCTOR 7,HAVANA7 WAS EXPLICITLY AN>*I/4 

,BORR[+ ITS TITLE =M ! FAM\S ,B>CELONA P]IODICAL :I* PUBLI%$ AS A DAILY =M #a ,FEBRU>Y #ahhg ONW>DS1 ,HAVANA'S ,EL ,PRODUCTOR1 A WEEKLY1 MU/ HAVE />T$ 9 ,JULY #a#h#h#g1 = ITS ISSUE ,NO #ac IS DAT$ #bi SEPTEMB]4 ,! FIR/ S]IES COMPRIS$ #afg OR MORE ISSUES3 ! SECOND1 REA*$ ISSUE ,NO #< ON #a ,AUGU/ #a#h#i4 

,ACRACIA WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,SANTO ,CL>A3 ISSUE ,NO #e IS DAT$ #a ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#i4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,IT %\LD NOT BE A PO9TLESS EX]CISE AT ?IS PO9T TO GIVE A M5TION TO ! MA9 PUBLICATIONS 9 ! ,ROMANCE LANGUAGES PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES UP TO #a#h#i3 9 ! ,FR5* TONGUE1 !RE W]E SOME NOTABLE ONES4 ,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUES'S PUBLICATIONS1 = 9/ANCE4 

,LA ,QUE/ION ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE 7,NEW ,YORK1 ,FRANK ,F4 ,B>CLAY1 PR9T] & PUBLI%]1 #f#dPP4 9 #c#b74 

,LES ,LAZ>E5NES1 ,FABLES ET ,*ANSONS4 ,POESIES SOCIALES 7,NEW ,ORLEANS1 #a#h#e#g1 #a#i#iPP 9 #hO74 

,DE ,I',ETRE-HUMA9 MALE ET FEMELLE4 ,LETTRE ,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON 7IBID41 #a#h#e#g1 #aa PAGES1 9 GREAT #hO74 

,B]ANG] AU ,PILORI 7,NEW ,ORLEANS3 A PAMPHLET ?US = UNTRAC$74 

,LE ,LIB]TAIRE4 ,J\RNAL DU M\VEM5T SOCIAL 7,NEW ,YORK1 #bg ISSUES =M #i ,JUNE #aheh TO #d ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#f#a1 #d PAGES1 9 FOLIO74 

,PHILOSOPHIE DE ,I',9S\RMISSION \ ,P>DON A ,CA9 BY ,FELIX ,PIGNAL 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#e#d1 ,I,V1 #gd PAGES 9 #a#b47 

,BY ,CLAUDE ,PELLETI]3 ,DICTIONNAIRE SOCIALI/E44 BY ,$AULC ,REITELLEP 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#g#d-#a#h#g#f3 #d#e1 #e#d1 #f#e#fPP4 SMALL #hO4 ,MI<T !RE HAVE BE5 A F\R? VOLUME874 

,LES ,SOIREES ,SOCIALI/ES DE ,NEW ,YORK - ,AT]CRATIE 7#a#h#g#c7 & O!R WRIT+S4 

,! ,BULLET9 DE ,I',UNION REPUBLICA9E DE LANGUE FRANCAISE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ISSUE ,NO #ci IS DAT$ #af ,M>* #ahgd & ISSUE ,NO #g #ca ,OCTOB] #a#h#g#f7 CONTA9S EXC]PTS FROM ,PELLETI] AS WELL AS >TICLES & NOTES P]MEAT$ BY ! SPIRIT ( ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL1 :IL/ NOT QUITE AN>*I/3 EV5 LESS AN>*I/ >E P]IODICALS LIKE ,L',9T]NATIONALE 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 #a#h#g#b7 & ,LA ,COMMUNE 7,NEW ,ORLEANS1 #a#h#g#b-#a#h#g#c74 ,BUT SMALL P]IODICALS W]E PUBLI%$ FROM #ahhi ON 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 9 ! COAL-M9+ >EAS4 ,! FIR/ TO APPE> WAS ,LE ,REVEIL DES ,MASSES 9 ,NEWF\NDL&1 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 #ab ISSUES ( :I* APPE>$ AFT] ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#h3 ! NEXT ISSUE1 ( ,LE ,REVEIL DES ,MASSES1 ORGANE COMMUNI/E-AN>*I/E1 ,I,I1 ,NO #a1 ,JUNE #a#h#i1 WAS PUBLI%$ \T ( ,NEW ,YORK4 ,9 ADDITION !RE WAS ,LE ,REVEIL DES ,M9EURS 7,HA/+S1 ,P,A4 FROM #a ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i71 :I* WAS /ILL COM+ \T 9 #a#h#i#c3 !N !RE WAS ,L',AMI DES ,\VRI]S 7IBID41 FROM #a ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#d1 :I* WAS /ILL EXTANT 9 #a#h#i#f73 & ?REE ISSUES1 IF NOT MORE1 ( ,LA ,CRISE ,SOCIALE 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a ,JANU>Y TO #be ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#a74 

,9 ,ITALIAN1 ! ONLY ?+ ,I KN[ IS ,L',AN>*ICO 7,NEW ,YORK3 ISSUE ,NO #b DATES =M #a ,FEBRU>Y #ahhh & ,NO #f FROM #c ,JUNE73 9 ,SPANI% !RE W]E NO PUBLICATIONS 9 ! ,UNTI$ ,/ATES PRIOR TO #a#h#i1 BUT ,I CANNOT GU>ANTEE ! CONCLUSIV5ESS ( MY RESE>*1 & RI<T N[ !RE IS NO WAY ?AT ,I CAN COMPLETE IT4 

,FR5* P]IODICALS PUBLI%$ BY ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL REA*$ ,AM]ICA ONLY 9 ISOLAT$ 9/ANCES3 ,BUT FROM #ahgi ONW>DS1 ,LE ,REVOLTE & ITS SUCCESSORS1 &1 LAT] ON1 ALSO ,LE ,P]E ,PE9>D 7,P>IS1 #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i#d7 W]E MU* MORE WIDELY DI/RIBUT$ & BROKE D[N ! FEEL+ ( ISOLATION ?AT MU/ HAVE WEI<$ HEAVILY UPON ! FIR/ GR\PS 9 ?OSE WIDE EXPANSES4 

,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,P,U,B,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N,S ,9 ,L,A,T,9 ,A,M,],I,C,A ,9 ,! ,Y,E,>,S ,=,M #ahi ,T,O #a#i#d4 - ,P,>,T ,O,N,E3 ,P,],I,O,D,I,C,A,L ,P,U,B,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N,S4 

,9 ! YE>S AFT] #a#h#i1 LIB]T>IAN PUBLICATIONS HI!RTO LOCALIZ$ ABOVE ALL 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,MONTEVIDEO1 ,MEXICO & ,HAVANA1 GRADUALLY RECOV]$1 BUT SOME ( !M RETURN$ MORE NUM]\S & MORE /ABLE1 ) A VIGOR NO UNRELAT$ TO ! GREAT FL\RI%+ ( LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5TS 9 ,EUROPE BETWE5 #ahi & #a#h#i#d3 MANY ( !SE PUBLICATIONS N[ APPE>$ 9 PROV9CIAL CITIES & 9 O!R ,S\? ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES1 & ALSO FOCUS$ ON P>TICUL> TRADES1 AS WELL AS MAK+ 9ROADS 9TO ! REALMS ( LIT]>Y & >TI/IC ASPIRATIONS4 ,?IS SIGNIFICANT P]IOD1 NOT YET CONCLUD$1 \<T TO BE SUB-DIVID$ 9 A BIBLIOGRAPHY1 BUT H[ W\LD ONE GO AB\T ?AT GIV5 ?AT ! MOVEM5TS 9 MANY C\NTRIES >E NOT CO-ORD9AT$1 ) EA* ON HAV+ A HI/ORY ( ITS [N8 & ?OSE V]Y HI/ORIES REGUL>LY M>K A GRADUAL ASC5T1 PUNCTUAT$ BY P]IODS ( P]SECUTION FROM )\T1 :I* MAY PUT PAID TO PUBLICATIONS OR =CE !M UND]GR\ND = A TIME1 BUT :I* NEV] >RE/ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOVEM5T :I* REVIVES IT PUBLICATIONS AFT] ! /ORM HAS PASS$4 

,A KN[L$GEABLE SPECIALI/ W\LD SEE TEMPORAL SUB-DIVISION = EA* C\NTRY - & WE >E DEAL+ H]E ) R\<LY A DOZ5 C\NTRIES - BUT ! DATA AVAILABLE = EA* C\NTRY WILL V>Y4 ,I HAVE NO SU* SPECIALI/ KN[L$GE & AM M]ELY LOOK+ = A PRACTICAL GUIDE4 ,= ! DEF9+ DATES ( ?IS NEXT P]IOD1 ,I HAVE *OS5 ! YE>S #ahi - :5 ! MOVEM5T GA9$ 9 /R5G? EV]Y:]E & :5 ,EL ,P]SEGUIDO EM]G$ AS ! FIR/ P]IODICAL ( DURABILITY - & #a#i#d1 :51 9 E>LY ,APRIL1 AFT] NE>LY SEV5 YE>S APPE>+ AS A WEEKLY1 ,LA ,PROTE/A W5T DAILY1 HAV+ CONT9U$ TO PUBLI% ON ?AT BASIS EV] S9CE1 ,?IS HI<LI<TS ! FACT ?AT ! ,>G5T9IAN MOVEM5T1 SC>CELY NOTICEABLE #be YE>S BE=E 9 ! DAYS ( ! POOR ,EL ,DESCAMISADO 9 #a#h#g#i1 HAD ATTA9$ PROPORTIONS MAK+ IT FEASIBLE TO LAUN* A DAILY NEWSPAP]1 A SUCCESS TAT HAS ALMO/ ALWAYS ELUD$ AN>*I/1 C]TA9LY OV] SU* A EXT5SIVE P]IOD4 

,PR\DHON'S NEWSPAP]S W]E ! FIR/ ( ! DAILY PUBLICATIONS4 ,DUR+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 ,LA ,LIB]TE 9 ,BRUSSELS PUBLI%$ DAILY3 = SOME YE>S PRIOR TO #ahhf & 9DE$ = A :ILE !REAFT]1 ,*ICAGO'S ,>BEIT]ZEITUNG1 $IT$ BY ,AUGU/ ,SPIES & BANN$ FROM #aa ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#i1 WAS A MILITANT AN>*I/ DAILY NEWSPAP]3 =M #a ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#h#g1 ,B>CELONA'S ,EL ,PRODUCTOR PUBLI%$ ON A DAILY BASIS = A FEW WEEKS TO BEG9 )1 & ! ,J\RNAL DU ,PEUPLE 9 ,P>IS 7#f ,FEBRU>Y TO ,DECEMB] #a#h#i7 WAS A DAILY $IT$ BY AN>*I/S1 BUT WAS ONLY ONE ( MANY PUBLICATIONS ESPECIALLY CREAT$ = ! PURPOSES ( ,DREYFUS>D PROPAG&A AT ! TIME3 ,I CANNOT CALL TO M9D ANY O!RS1 & ! LAUN*+ ( ! DAILY ,LA ,PROTE/A & ITS MA9T5ANCE OV] A #bb YE> P]IOD IS1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 A FEAT BO? R>E & NOTEWOR?Y1 P>TICUL>LY = A MOVEM5T SO Y\NG4 

,?US1 ,I HAVE *OS5 #ahi & #aid AS ! P>AMET]S ( ?IS SUB-DIVISION & ,I BEG9 ) ?OSE ,>G5T9IAN P]IODICALS :I* HAVE COME TO MY ATT5TION4 ,I AM NOT ABLE TO REVIEW !M ALL JU/ AT ?IS MOM5T1 SO IT IS NOT FEASIBLE = ME TO *>ACT]IZE !M1 DWELL UPON !IR GR\PS1 CONTRIBUTORS & AFFILIATIONS1 79S(> AS A NEW P]IODICAL IS (T5 A REPLACEM5T = ONE REC5TLY DECEAS$ - OR ELSE IS A BR& NEW V5TURE 5TIRELY71 !IR NUANCES1 OR !IR RELATIVE WOR? 7= JU/ AS BOOKS MY BE GOOD OR BAD1 SO !RE >E P]IODICALS ?AT >E ( G5U9E WOR?1 & OCCASIONALLY SOME ?AT >E TRULY 9F]IOR71 ETC4 ,I HAVE SE51 & (T5 READ1 P]IODICALS :I* ,I %ALL LI/1 BUT ?AT WAS A LONG TIME AGO1 & AL?\< ,I /ILL RETA9 A LOT ( IMPRESSIONS1 !SE LACK FRE%NESS1 >E 9COMPLETE & IT IS NOT WOR? BURD5+ !SE LI/+S ) !M4 ,MILITANTS ) A LIVELY RECOLLECTION ( EA* P]IODICAL >E ! ONES :O W\LD BE WELL ADVIS$ - IF !Y SEEK TO BE ( S]VICE TO ,HI/ORY - TO JOT D[N A FEW WORDS DESCRIB+ ! COMPLEXION ( EA* P]IODICAL AS WELL AS ?OSE DETAILS WOR? BE+ PLAC$ ON RECORD REG>D+ !M - & CRITICALLY-M9D$ RESE>*]S1 LEAF+ ?R\< SU* COLLECTIONS1 WILL %$ LI<T UPON ! IDEAS1 CRITICISMS1 SOCIAL DESCRIPTIONS & O!R LIV+ MATT] LY+ DORMANT 9 !SE OLD P]IODICALS4 ,SO ,I %ALL CONF9E MYSELF ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY TO LI/+ ?AT DO NO DISCRIM9ATE BETWE5 NUANCES 7PRO-ORGANIZATION OR 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 = EXAMPLE7 & :I* RECOGNIZE ONLY ?REE CLASSIFICATIONS3 

A7 ,G5]AL PROPAG&A P]IODICALS 

B7 ,TRADES P]IODICALS :I*1 9 ! CASE ( ,>G5T9A ESPECIALLY1 >E ALSO L>GELY G5]AL PROPAG&A PUBLICATIONS4 

C7 ,LIT]>Y MAGAZ9ES & SPECIALI/ PUBLICATIONS SU* AS ANTI-MILIT>I/ ONES1 ETC4 

,! ,>,G,5,T,9,E ,R,E,P,U,B,L,I,C 7#a#h#i-#a#i#d7 

,B,U,5,O,S ,A,I,R,E,S4 - ,EL ,P]SEGUIDO1 AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ ORGAN1 #ah ,MAY #ahi TO #ca ,M>* #ahif & #f ,DECEMB] #a#h#i#f4 

,LA ,MIS]IA1 #af & #c ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i1 #b ISSUES3 8 .<#a.> 

.<#a.> 8 - ,?IS SIGN ,I USE TO 9DICATE ?AT ,I CANNOT V\* = A P]IODICAL'S NOT HAV+ HAD MORE ISSUES PUBLI%$ ?AN ,I 9DICATE H]E3 A P]IODICAL (T5 CEASES PUBLICATION )\T PRIOR NOTICE1 OR REAPPE>S AFT] AN 9T]VAL4 

,LA ,VOZ DE ,RAVA*OL1 #aa ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#e1 #a ISSUE3 8 

,LA ,VOZ DE LA ,MUJ]1 #h ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#f3 ISSUE ,NO #a DAT$ TO #a ,M>* #a#h#i#g3 8 

,LA ,REVOLUCION ,SOCIAL1 #h ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#f3 ISSUE ,NO #a#i1 #h ,APRIL #a#h#i#g3 8 

,CAS]IO1 #ad ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#f1 #ah ,APRIL1 #b ISSUES3 8 

,NI ,DOIS1 ,NI ,AMO1 #f ,M>* #a#h#i#f3 8 

,LA ,EXPANSION ,9DIVIDUAL1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#f3 8 

,CI5CIA ,SOCIAL1 REVIEW1 ,APRIL #a#h#i#g3 MON?LY3 ISSUE ,NO ,I,I,I #ac IS FROM ,OCTOB] #a#h#i#i3 8 

,LA ,ESPANA ,9QUISITORIAL1 #i ,MAY #a#h#i#g4 

,LA ,AUTONOMIA1 #c ,JUNE #a#h#i#g3 ,LA ,AUTONOMIA ,9DIVIDUAL 7,NO #b7 #a ,AUGU/3 8 

,LA ,PROTE/A ,HUMANA1 #ac ,JUNE #a#h#i#g1 WEEKLY UP UNTIL ISSUE ,NO #bef 7#b#f ,M>* #a#i#d71 DAILY AFT] ,APRIL #aid AS ,LA ,PROTE/A4 ,DETAILS REG>D+ ITS P]IODS ( PUBLICATION WILL BE GIV5 9 FULL ELSE:]E4 #a ,MAY #aih WITNESS$ ! APPE>ANCE ( ! ,SUPLEM5TO DE ,LA ,PROTE/A MAGAZ9E3 #aa ISSUES4 ,! CURR5T ,SUPLEM5TO SEMANAL HAS BE5 APPE>+ S9CE #i ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#b3 A ,RESUM5 SUM>IO 7,JANU>Y TO ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#e7 #hPP4 9 OBLONG FOLIO1 LI/S ! CONT5TS ( ISSUES #a TO #b#e3 ISSUE ,NO #b#e#e1 :I* M>K$ ! 5D ( FIVE YE>S 9 EXI/5CE1 CONTA9S A GUIDE TO ISSUES #be TO #bee 9CLUSIVE4 

,G]M9AL1 #ad ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#g3 ISSUE ,NO #bd IS =M #be ,DECEMB] #a#h#i#h3 8 

,EL ,REBELDE1 ,NO #g IS FROM #e ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#i1 & ,NO #id FROM #bc ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b3 8 

,EL ,IDEAL ,AN>QUI/A1 #a ,MAY #a#h#i#i4 

,EL ,ESCALPELO1 #bg ,AUGU/1 #a ,OCTOB] #a#h#i#i1 #b ,ISSUES3 8 

,LOS ,TIEMPOS ,NUEVOS1 ,NO #b IS FROM #af ,SEPTEMB] #a#i4 

,EL ,ALBA DEL ,SIGLO ,X,X1 #ca ,DECEMB] #a#i4 

,LA ,COMUNA ,LIBRE1 SUPPL55T TO ,LA ,PROTE/A ,HUMANA & ,L',AVV5IRE #ah ,M>* #a#i#a4 

#a#h#g-,X,X DE ,SEPTIEMBRE- #a#i#a1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a4 

,LA ,NUEVA ,]A1 #d ,AUGU/ #a#i#a3 #c ISSUES4 

,VIDA ,NUEVA1 #ae ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c3 NO #e IS FROM #i ,JANU>Y #a#i#d3 8 

,9 ,ITALIAN 

,LAVORIAMO1 ,NO #b1 #a ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#c4 

,LA ,RISCOSSA1 #ad ,OCTOB] #a#h#i#c3 ,NO #d IS FROM #ae ,APRIL #a#h#i#d3 8 

,LA ,QUE/IONE SOCIALE1 REVIEW1 MON?LY1 #ahid TO #a#h#i#f3 ,NO #bb IS FROM #bc ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#f3 #bd ISSUES OR MORE3 8 

,V5TI ,SETTEMBRE1 LONG-LIV$ WEEKLY1 #a ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#e3 #baf ISSUES3 SECOND S]IES PUBLI%$ 9 ,MONTEVIDEO1 FROM ,NO #a #b 7#b#a#h7 ( #ag ,JANU>Y #aic TO ISSUE ,NO #bba OR #b#b#b3 ,NO #bbc 7#a ,MAY #a#i#c7 IS FROM ,BU5OS ,AIRES3 !RE IS A ,NO #b#d#f,A1 & A #b#d#f,B IS ! LA/ ( :I* ,I HAVE KN[L$GE3 8 

,LA ,CONQUI/A DI ,ROMA1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #ahih 7,9 ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI%74 

,LA ,NUOVA ,CIVILTA1 #bg ,JANU>Y #a#i#a3 #bg ISSUES OR MORE3 8 

,BAHIA ,BLANCA- #a#h#h#g-#a#i#c -- #a DE ,MAYO1 #a ,MAY #a#i#c1 9 ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI%4 

,LA ,FAVILLA1 ,?IRD ONE-(F $ITION1 #a#h#h#g-#a#i#c1 #aa ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c4 

,9 ,FR5* 

,LA ,LIB]TE1 #bc ,JANU>Y TO #ag ,APRIL #a#h#i#c4 #ac ISSUES4 

,LA ,LIB]TE1 #ah ,M>* TO #i ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#d3 #bf ISSUES4 

,LE ,CYCLONE1 #ab ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#e3 PROBABLY #e ISSUES3 8 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,L,U,J,A,N4 - ,EL ,OPRIMIDO1 ,NO #b1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#d3 ,I,I1 #b 7#a ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#e7 & 5SU+ ISSUES UP TO ,NO #da OR BEYOND3 IT WAS PUBLI%$ \T ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES FROM #bc ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#f1 ,NO #b#b4 

,LA ,9QUISICION 5 ,ESPANA1 SUPPLEM5T TO ,EL ,OPRIMIDO1 #ag ,JANU>Y1 #bc #ahig 7IT APPE>$ 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES74 

,R,O,S,>,I,O4 - ,LA ,V]DAD1 ,NO #a1 UNDAT$3 ,NO #b#a1 ,M>* #a#h#i#f3 8 

,LA ,LIBRE ,9ICIATIVA1 #ah ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#e3 ,NO #g1 #g ,JUNE #a#h#i#f3 8 

,L,A ,P,L,A,T,A4 - ,LA ,AN>QUIA1 #bg ,JANU>Y #ahie 7OR WAS IT #bg ,NOVEMB]873 #bf ISSUES OR MORE3 8 

,B,>,R,A,C,A,S4 - ,EL ,REVOLUCIAN>IO1 #ae ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#e3 #b ISSUES3 8 

,*,I,V,I,L,C,O,Y4 - ,LA ,FU]ZA DEL ,RAZONU1 #bc ,JULY #a#h#i#f3 8 

,R,O,S,>,I,O4 - ,LA ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A1 ,NO #b IS FROM #bd ,OCTOB] #a#h#i#f3 8 

,9 ,ITALIAN 

,R,O,S,>,I,O4 - #aa ,NOVEMBRE #ahhi .<#a#h#h#g.>-#a#h#h#i1 SUPPLEM5T TO ,EL ,P>IA1 ) :I* ,I AM NOT FAMILI>4 

,R,O,S,>,I,O4 - ,LA ,LIB]A ,P>OLA1 #bi ,APRIL #a#i3 8 

,B4 ,B,U,5,O,S ,A,I,R,E,S4 - ,EL ,OBR]O ,PANAD]O1 #af ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#d3 AT LEA/ #bb ISSUES3 S]IES ,I,I1 AT LEA/ #h ISSUES3 83 LONG-LIV$ PUBLICATION1 FOLL[$ BY ,EL ,OBR]O ,PANAD]O ( #a#h#i#i3 ,NO #a-#a#b IS FROM #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#i3 #ca ISSUES OR MORE3 83 ANO!R P]IODICAL ( ! SAME NAME />T$ 9 #a#i#a#a4 

,LA ,UNION ,GREMIAL1 ,NO #ah IS FROM #e ,M>* #a#h#i#f3 8 

,EL ,OBR]O ,ALBANIL1 ,NO #cf IS FROM #g ,OCTOB] #a#i3 #cb ISSUES OR MORE3 8 

,LA ,ORGANIZACION ,OBR]A1 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a3 #e ISSUES3 UND] ! TITLE ( ,LA ,ORGANIZACION1 ,NO #f & SUBSEQU5T ISSUES3 LAT] BECAME ,LA ,ORGANIZACION ,OBR]A3 ! ORGAN ( ! ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,>G5T9A1 CONT9UES TO APPE> SOMETIMES3 9 #aiab AS AN UND]GR\ND P]IODICAL4 ,!RE >E ,SUPLEM5TOS EXTRAORD9>IOS3 ! ONE = #a ,MAY #aiba RUNS TO #i#fPP4 9 GREAT #hO3 ?AT = #a ,MAY #aibb 7TWO $ITIONS7 TO #abh PAGES3 ?IS P]IODICAL DES]VES A SPECIAL DESCRIPTION :I* ,I CANNOT (F]4 

,EL ,GREMIO1 7CABBIES' UNION71 ,NO #c IS FROM #a ,OCTOB] #a#i#c4 

,EL ,LATIGO DEL ,C>R]O1 FROM #a#i#c1 S9CE ,NO #ag 7#a#i#e7 IS M>K$ YE> ,I,I,I3 ?IS P]IODICAL APPE>$ OV] MANY YE>S 7,NO #i#h1 =M #a#i#a#c1 WAS ! LATE/ ONE ,I SAW73 8 

,EL ,GRAFICO1 ,M>* #a#i#d3 #b ISSUES ( MORE3 8 

,LA ,AURORA DEL ,M>9O1 FROM #a#i#d1 9 ?AT ISSUE #b-#a#a IS FROM ,AUGU/ #a#i#e3 #ah ISSUES 7#a#i#f7 OR MORE3 8 

,EL ,SOMBR]]O1 ISSUE ,NO #d IS FROM ,AUGU/ #a#i#d3 #c ISSUES OR MORE3 83 ,?IS P]IODICAL BR\<T \T ! ONE-(F $ITION #g DE ,SEPTIEMBRE1 #a#i#b-#a#i#e4 

,EL ,ORB]O ,SA/RE1 FROM #a#i#d1 S9CE ISSUE #c-#i IS FROM ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#f4 

,EL ,COMPAN]O 7KIT*5 H&S & HELP]S7 =M #a#i#d1 S9CE ISSUE #c-#i IS =M #ae ,DECEMB] #a#i#f3 ,NO #aa IS =M #ae ,JANU>Y #a#i#g3 8 

,EL ,P9TOR1 ONE ( ! OLDE/ P]IODICALS1 9 ?AT ,I,V-#a1 ( #a ,OCTOB] #aiab IS LABEL$3 YE> ,X,V,I,I,I3 8  

,EL ,C>P9T]O Y ,AS]RADOR1 FROM #a#i#d1 9 ?AT ,NO #c#b1 =M ,JUNE #a#i#b#b1 IS LABEL$ YE> ,X,V,I,I,I3 ,NO #ef IS FROM ,MAY #a#i#b#e3 IT /ILL COMES \T3 ,EL ,C>P9T]O ( #aia ,I HAVE NOT SE54 

,?IS LI/ IS F> FROM EXHAU/IVE & ,I CANNOT 9DICATE ?AT REGUL>ITY ( PUBLICATION ( !SE P]IODICALS1 SOME ( :I* CAME \T (T51 & O!RS AT L5G?Y 9T]VALS4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,C4 ,I CANNOT BE EXACT RI<T N[ AS TO ! EXT5T TO :I* ! AN>*I/ IDEA IS MANIFE/ 9 PUBLICATIONS LIKE ,EL ,SOL - ITS ,NO #ii IS FROM #af ,OCTOB] #a#i3 ,I AM CONV]SANT ) IT UP TO ,NO #a#g#d3 83 

 ,M>T9 ,FI]RO - -,NO #a-#i IS FROM #bh ,APRIL #a#i#d1 & ,NO #ddd FROM ,JANU>Y #a#i#e4 

 6,HI]RO6 7SEMAN>IO LIBRE7 - ,NO #a-#b IS FROM #ad ,OCTOB] #a#i#d4 

,!RE IS NO?+ TO EQUAL ! SI<T ( \R IDEAS MAK+ HEADWAY 9TO LIT]>Y PUBLICATIONS & ! LIKE1 BUT ( C\RSE1 !SE >E FLANK$ BY O!R IDEAS & SU* P5ETRATION IS LIABLE TO V>Y & IS (T5 TEMPOR>Y4 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY CANNOT PAY HE$ TO ALL SU* NUANCES3 IT HAS TO HAVE ! HELP ( DESCRIPTION ( ! MAKE-UP ( MANY ( !SE MAGAZ9ES1 & ( ! CALIB] ( ! M5 :O 9SPIR$ !M1 LIKE - 9 ! CASE ( ! P]IODICAL 9 QUE/ION - ,ALB]TO ,<IRALDO4 ,!RE IS A LOT AB\T HIM1 = 9/ANCE1 9 

,IDEAS Y ,FIGURAS ,NO #ag ( #ca ,M>* #a#i#a#d4 

,LA ,COOP]ATIVA ,G5]AL1 TRIAL ISSUE3 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i3 ,BU5OS ,AIRES3 8 

,EL ,TRABAJO1 ORGAN ( ! ,CASA DEL ,PUEBLO1 #bf ,JUNE1 #ab ,JULY #a#i#b1 #b ISSUES OR MORE3 8 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibe 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM 7,9COMPLETE7 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #h1 #bag 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM 7,9COMPLETE7 -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*ISM 7,9COMPLETE7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/