,BASIC ,BAKUN9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,P>K] 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUCI5 ,VAN ,D] ,WALT 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS PAMPHLET PROVIDES AN EXCELL5T 9TRODUCTION TO ! IDEAS ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN91 ! 0F\ND]0 ( AN>*ISM444 ,WE DO NOT SEE ,BAKUN9 AS A GOD :O NEV] MADE MI/AKES4 ,( C\RSE HE WAS NOT P]FECT4 ,HE WAS A MAN1 BUT A MAN :O GAVE HIS ALL = ! /RUGGLE ( ! OPPRESS$1 A REVOLUTION>Y H]O :O DES]VES \R ADMIRATION & RESPECT4 ,FROM ,BAKUN91 WE CAN LE>N MU* AB\T REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM4 ,WE CAN LE>N EV5 MORE AB\T ! IDEAS NE$$ TO W9 ! AGE-OLD FI<T BETWE5 EXPLOIT] & EXPLOIT$1 BETWE5 WORK] & PEASANT1 ON ! ONE H&1 & BOSS & RUL] ON ! O!R444 

,ON ,BAKUN93 ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,S\? ,AFRICAN ,$ITION 7#b#d7 

BY ,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT 

,?IS PAMPHLET PROVIDES AN EXCELL5T 9TRODUCTION TO ! IDEAS ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN91 ! 0F\ND]0 ( AN>*ISM4 ,TWO NEW SECTIONS HAVE BE5 ADD$ TO ?IS PAMHLET4 ,ON ?IS PAGE1 WE PROVIDE A %ORT \TL9E ( ! LIFE ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN94 ,WE HAVE ALSO ADD$ A DISCUSSION ( ,BAKUN9'S PR(\ND POSITIONS ON ! FI<T AGA9/ IMP]IALISM & RACISM1 & ! FI<T AGA9/ WOM5'S OPPRESSION4 ,?IS DISCUSSION MAY BE F\ND AT ! 5D ( ! BOOKLET4 

,WE DO NOT SEE ,BAKUN9 AS A GOD :O NEV] MADE MI/AKES4 ,( C\RSE HE WAS NOT P]FECT4 ,HE WAS A MAN1 BUT A MAN :O GAVE HIS ALL = ! /RUGGLE ( ! OPPRESS$1 A REVOLUTION>Y H]O :O DES]VES \R ADMIRATION & RESPECT4 ,FROM ,BAKUN91 WE CAN LE>N MU* AB\T REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM4 ,WE CAN LE>N EV5 MORE AB\T ! IDEAS NE$$ TO W9 ! AGE-OLD FI<T BETWE5 EXPLOIT] & EXPLOIT$1 BETWE5 WORK] & PEASANT1 ON ! ONE H&1 & BOSS & RUL] ON ! O!R4 

,! GREATE/ HONOR WE CAN DO HIS MEMORY IS TO FI<T TODAY & ALWAYS = HUMAN FRE$OM & WORK]S LIB]ATION4 

,! ,LIFE ( ,BAKUN9 

,BORN 9 #ahad 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,BAKUN9 QUICKLY DEVELOP$ A BURN+ HATR$ ( OPPRESSION4 ,9 HIS #bS1 HE BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 RADICAL DEMOCRATIC CIRCLES4 ,AT ?IS TIME HE DEVELOP$ A !ORY :I* SAW FRE$OM BE+ A*IEV$ ?R\< A G5]AL RIS+ ( ! MASSES1 L9K$ TO REVOLUTIONS 9 ! COLONIES4 

,HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y RIS+ 9 #ahdh 9 ,P>IS1 ,FRANCE1 & ! REVOLTS ( ! SUBJECT PEOPLES ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 

,= ?IS HE WAS P]SECUT$1 H\ND$ BY ! RI* & P[]FUL4 ,CAPTUR$1 HE WAS TWICE S5T5C$ TO DEA?4 

,H[EV]1 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T DEM&$ HIS EXTRADITION1 & SO HE WAS JAIL$ = #f YE>S )\T TRIAL 9 ! ,PET] & ,PAUL ,=TRESS4 ,RELEASE FROM JAIL WAS FOLL[$ BY EXILE 9 ,SIB]IA4 

,9 #a#h#f#a1 ,BAKUN9 ESCAP$4 ,HE SP5T ! NEXT #c YE>S 9 ! FI<T = ,POLI% 9DEP5D5CE4 

,BUT AT ?IS TIME1 HE BEGAN TO REALIZE ?AT =MAL NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE - ! CREATION ( AN 9DEP$5T GOV]NM5T - WAS NOR AN ADEQUATE GU>ANTEE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ & POOR MASSES4 

,9/EAD1 ! FI<T AGA9/ IMP]IALISM HAD TO BE L9K$ TO ! FI<T = A REAL SOCIALISM - SOCIALISM UND] ! CONTROL ( WORK]S - LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM CREAT$ FROM BEL[1 SWEEP+ ASIDE ! BOSSES' GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALISM ?R\< WORK]-PEASANT REVOLUTION4 

,9 #a#h#f#h1 ,BAKUN9 JO9$ ! 7,FIR/7 ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,?IS WAS A F$]ATION ( WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS1 P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS4 

,BAKUN9 SOON CAME TO EX]CISE A PR(\ND 9FLU5CE ON MO/ ( ! SECTIONS1 NOTABLY ?OSE 9 S\? ,EUROPE & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 

,BAKUN9'S POLITICS ( SOCIALISM FROM BEL[ SOON BR\<T HIM 9TO CONFLICT ) ,K>L ,M>X1 ANO!R WELL-KN[N FIGURE 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,K>L ,M>X >GU$ ?AT SOCIALISM HAD TO COME FROM ABOVE - ! WORK]S MU/ TRY TO USE ! GOV]NM5T TO BR+ AB\T SOCIALISM & MU/ RUN C&IDATES 9 ELECTIONS4 

,BAKUN9 DISAGRE$4 ,HE LOOK$ =W>D TO ! REPLACEM5T ( ! BOSSES' ,/ATE BY FREE F$]ATIONS ( FREE WORK]S4 

,FAIL+ TO DEFEAT ,BAKUN9 ?R\< DEMOCRATIC ME?ODS1 ! ,M>XI/ M9ORITY RESORT$ TO A CAMPAIGN ( DISGRACEFUL LIES & SL&]S4 ,AT TWO UNCON/ITUTIONAL CONGRESSES1 0PACK$0 ) ,M>XI/ DELEGATES FROM NON-EXI/5T ORGANIZATIONS1 ,M>X MANAG$ TO EXPEL ,BAKUN9 & *ANGE ! AIMS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO SUIT HIS [N AIMS4 

,AT ! NEXT CONF]5CE - A G5U9E1 REPRES5TATIVE CONF]5CE - ! DELEGATES OV]TURN$ ,M>X'S DECISIONS & REJECT$ ! *>GES AGA9/ ,BAKUN94 ,9 FACT4 ,BAKUN9'S POLITICAL POSITIONS W]E ACCEPT$4 

,BECAUSE ,M>X REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ?IS DEMOCRATIC1 MAJORITY DECISION1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL SPLIT 9 PRACTICE4 

,WORN \T BY A LIFETIME ( /RUGGLE1 ,BAKUN9 DI$ PREMATURELY 9 #a#h#g#c4 ,HIS LEGACY1 H[EV]1 IS 5ORM\S4 ,AS ! 0F\ND]0 ( AN>*ISM1 ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS W\LD 9FLU5CE G5]ATIONS ( REVOLUTION>IES 9 ,AFRICA1 ,ASIA1 ,EUROPE & ! ,AM]ICAS4 

,HIS WRIT+S & IDEAS >E AS RELEVANT TODAY AS EV]4 ,HIS W>N+ ?AT SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE W\LD DEG5]ATE 9TO OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION1 HIS PR(\ND 9SI<TS ON ! TASKS ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T1 HIS PO9TS ON ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM & WOM5'S OPPRESSION - ALL ( !SE >E AS IMPORTANT & TRUE AS EV]4 

,ADDITIONAL ,NOTES 

,BAKUN9 ON ,ANTI-,RACISM 

,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 WAS A LIFELONG OPPON5T ( NATIONAL OPPRESSION & RACISM4 ,BAKUN9 /AT$ ?AT !RE MU/ BE A 0RECOGNITION ( HUMAN RI<TS & DIGNITY 9 EV]Y MAN1 ( :ATEV] RACE OR COLOR04 ,= ,BAKUN91 ! TASK WAS TO FI<T = 0! TRIUMPH ( EQUALITY444 POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ALL POSSIBLE PRIVILEGES444 = ALL P]SONS ON E>?1 )\T REG>D TO COLOR1 NATIONALITY1 OR SEX40 

,BAKUN9 ON ,ANTI-,IMP]IALISM 

,AN OPPON5T ( OPPRESSION & ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE1 ,BAKUN9 WAS A FI<T] AGA9/ IMP]IALISM4 

,= ,BAKUN9 ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLT WAS 9EVITABLE & DESIRABLE4 ,BAKUN9 D\BT$ :E!R :AT HE T]M$ 0IMP]IALI/ ,EUROPE0 C\LD KEEP ! SUBJECT PEOPLES 9 BONDAGE3 0,TWO-?IRDS ( HUMANITY4 #h MILLION ,ASIATICS ASLEEP 9 !IR S]VITUDE WILL NECESS>ILY AWAK5 & BEG9 TO MOVE4 ,BUT 9 :AT DIRECTION & TO :AT 5D80 

,BAKUN9 DECL>$ 0/RONG SYMPA?Y = ANY NATIONAL UPRIS+ AGA9/ ANY =M ( OPPRESSION10 /AT+ ?AT EV]Y PEOPLE 0HAS ! RI<T TO BE ITSELF444 NO ONE IS 5TITL$ TO IMPOSE ITS CO/UME1 ITS CU/OMS1 ITS LANGUAGES & ITS LAWS04 

,H[EV]1 NATIONAL LIB]ATION \<T TO BE A*IEV$ 0AS MU* 9 ! ECONOMIC AS 9 ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! MASSES04 ,IF ! ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLE IS HI-JACK$ TO 0SET UP A P[]FUL ,/ATE0 OR IF 0IT IS C>RI$ \T )\T ! PEOPLE & MU/ !RE=E DEP5D = SUCCESS ON A PRIVILEG$ CLASS0 IT WILL BECOME A RETROGRESSIVE1 DISA/R\S1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T04 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T REQUIRES ?AT 0ALL FAI? 9 ANY DIV9E OR HUMAN AU?ORITY MU/ BE ]ADICAT$ AMONG ! MASSES0 & ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COLONIALISM BECOMES AN 9T]NATIONALI/ SOCIAL REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ! CLASS SY/EM4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM MU/ NOT BE SIDETRACK$ 9TO REPLAC+ =EIGN BOSSES ) LOCAL BOSSES4 ,9/EAD1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM MU/ BE L9K$ TO ! /RUGGLE TO OV]?R[ ALL BOSSES & CREATE 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM4 

,! VEHICLE ( ?AT /RUGGLE C\LD NOT BE ! ,/ATE1 ! 0GRAVEY>D0 ( HUMANITY4 ,! VEHICLE ( ! /RUGGLE W\LD BE WORK]S MASS ACTION1 NOT CONF9$ TO ONE C\NTRY ONLY1 BUT SPREAD ACROSS ALL BORD]S & UNIT+ ALL WORK]S4 ,= ,BAKUN91 0! HOMEL& ( ! WORK]444 IS444 ! GREAT F$]ATION ( ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE WORLD1 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ B\RGEOIS CAPITAL40 

,BAKUN9 ON ,WOM5'S ,FRE$OM 

0,9 ! EYES ( ! LAW10 ,BAKUN9 NOT$1 0EV5 ! BE/ $UCAT$1 TAL5T$1 9TELLIG5T WOMAN IS 9F]IOR TO EV5 ! MO/ IGNORANT MAN40 ,WOM5 >E NOT GIV5 EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ) M54 

,= ! POOR UND]-PRIVILEG$ WOM51 SAID ,BAKUN91 !RE IS ! ?REAT ( 0HUNG] & COLD01 & ! ?REAT ( SEXUAL ASSAULT & PRO/ITUTION4 

,EV5 )9 ! FAMILY1 WOM5 >E TOO (T5 ! 0SLAVES ( !IR HUSB&S01 & !IR *ILDR5 >E 0DEPRIV$ ( A DEC5T $UCATION10 0CONDEMN$ TO A BRUTI% LIFE ( S]VITUDE & DEGRADATION40 

,9/EAD ( ?IS1 0EQUAL RI<TS MU/ BELONG TO BO? M5 & WOM50 7,BAKUN974 ,WOM5 MU/ BE ECONOMICALLY 9DEP5D5T1 0FREE TO =GE !IR [N WAY ( LIFE40 

,?IS REQUIRES UNIT$ WORK]S /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 PUT IT3 

,OPPRESS$ WOM56 ,Y\R CAUSE IS 9DISSOLUBLY TI$ TO ! COMMON CAUSE ( ALL ! EXPLOIT$ WORK]S - M5 & WOM56 

,P>ASITES 7BOSSES.> ( BO? SEXES6 ,Y\ >E DOOM$ TO DISAPPE>4 

,BUT AT ?IS TIME1 HE BEGAN TO REALIZE ?AT =MAL NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE - ! CREATION ( AN 9DEP5D5T GOV]NM5T - WAS NOT AN ADEQUATE GU>ANTEE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ & POOR MASSES4 

,9/EAD1 ! FI<T AGA9/ IMP]IALISM HAD TO BE L9K$ TO ! FI<T = A REAL SOCIALISM - SOCIALISM UND] ! CONTROL ( ! WORK]S - LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM CREAT$ FROM BEL[1 SWEEP+ ASIDE ! BOSSES' GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALISM ?R\< WORK]-PEASANT REVOLUTION4 

,BASIC ,BAKUN9 7#a#i#i#c7 

BY ,COL9 ,P>K] 

0,! /> ( REVOLUTION WILL RISE HI< ABOVE ! /REETS ( ,MOSC[1 FROM A SEA ( BLOOD & FIRE1 & TURN 9TO A LODE/> TO LEAD A LIB]AT$ HUMANITY40 

- ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,PREFACE 

,! AIM ( ?IS PAMPHLET IS TO DO NO?+ MORE ?AN PRES5T AN \TL9E ( :AT ! AU?OR ?9KS >E ! KEY FEATURES ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9'S AN>*I/ IDEAS4 

,BAKUN9 WAS EXTREMELY 9FLU5TIAL 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 YET HIS IDEAS = DECADES HAVE BE5 REVIL$1 DI/ORT$ OR IGNOR$4 ,ON READ+ ?IS PAMPHLET1 IT WILL BECOME APP>5T ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAS A LOT TO (F] & ?AT HIS IDEAS >E NOT AT ALL CONFUS$ 7AS SOME WRIT]S W\LD HAVE US ?9K7 BUT MAKE UP A FULL COH]5T & WELL >GU$ BODY ( ?\<T4 ,= A DETAIL$ BUT DIFFICULT ANALYSIS ( ,BAKUN9'S REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS1 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,SALTMAN'S BOOK1 0,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN90 IS /RONGLY RECOMM5D$4 ,ASK Y\R LOCAL LIBR>Y TO OBTA9 A COPY4 

,CLASS 

,BAKUN9 SAW REVOLUTION 9 T]MS ( ! OV]?R[ ( ONE OPPRESS+ CLASS BY ANO!R OPPRESS$ CLASS & ! DE/RUCTION ( POLITICAL P[] AS EXPRESS$ AS ! /ATE & SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN91 SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO MA9 CLASSES :I* >E FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R4 ,! OPPRESS$ CLASS1 HE V>I\SLY DESCRIB$ AS COMMON]S1 ! PEOPLE1 ! MASSES OR ! WORK]S1 MAKES UP A GREAT MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,IT IS 9 'NORMAL' TIME NOT CONSCI\S ( ITSELF AS A CLASS1 ?\< IT HAS AN '9/9CT' = REVOLT & :IL/ UNORGANIZ$1 IS FULL ( VITALITY4 ,! NUM]ICALLY MU* SMALL] OPPRESS+ CLASS1 H[EV] IS CONSCI\S ( ITS ROLE & MA9TA9S ITS ASC5DANCY BY ACT+ 9 A PURPOSEFUL1 CONC]T$ & UNIT$ MANN]4 ,! BASIC DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO CLASSES1 ,BAKUN9 MA9TA9$1 RE/S UPON ! [N]%IP & CONTROL ( PROP]TY1 :I* IS DISPROPORTIONATELY 9 ! H&S ( ! M9ORITY CLASS ( CAPITALI/S4 ,! MASSES1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE LITTLE TO CALL !IR [N BEYOND !IR ABILITY TO WORK4 

,BAKUN9 WAS A/UTE 5\< TO UND]/& ?AT ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO MA9 CLASSES >E NOT ALWAYS CLE> CUT4 ,HE PO9T$ \T ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DRAW A H>D L9E BETWE5 ! TWO CLASSES1 ?\< AS 9 MO/ ?+S1 ! DIFF]5CES >E MO/ APP>5T AT ! EXTREMES4 ,BETWE5 !SE EXTREMES ( WEAL? & P[] !RE IS A HI]>*Y ( SOCIAL /RATA :I* CAN BE ASSESS$ ACCORD+ TO ! DEGREE TO :I* !Y EXPLOIT EA* O!R OR >E EXPLOIT$ !MSELVES4 ,! FUR!R AWAY A GIV5 GR\P IS FROM ! WORK]S1 ! MORE LIKELY IT IS TO BE P>T ( ! EXPLOIT+ CATEGORY & ! LESS IT SUFF]S FROM EXPLOITATION4 ,BETWE5 ! TWO MAJOR CLASSES !RE IS A MIDDLE CLASS OR MIDDLE CLASSES :I* >E BO? EXPLOIT+ & EXPLOIT$1 DEP5D+ ON !IR POSITION ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 

,! MASSES :O >E ! MO/ EXPLOIT$ =M1 9 ,BAKUN9'S VIEW1 ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y CLASS :I* ALONE CAN SWEEP AWAY ! PRES5T ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! FACT ( EXPLOITATION & ITS RESULTANT POV]TY >E 9 !MSELVES NO GU>ANTEE ( REVOLUTION4 ,EXTREME POV]TY IS1 ,BAKUN9 ?\<T1 LIKELY TO LEAD TO RESIGNATION IF ! PEOPLE CAN SEE NO POSSIBLE ALT]NATIVE TO ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,P]HAPS1 IF DRIV5 TO GREAT DEP?S ( DESPAIR1 ! POOR WILL RISE UP 9 REVOLT4 ,REVOLTS H[EV] T5D TO BE LOCAL & !RE=E1 EASY TO PUT D[N4 ,9 ,BAKUN9'S VIEW1 ?REE CONDITIONS >E NECESS>Y TO BR+ AB\T POPUL> REVOLUTION4 

,!Y >E3 

%E] HATR$ = ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* ! MASSES F9D !MSELVES 

! BELIEF ! *ANGE IS A POSSIBLE ALT]NATIVE 

A CLE> VISION ( ! SOCIETY ?AT HAS TO BE MADE TO BR+ AB\T HUMAN EMANCIPATION 

,)\T !SE ?REE FACTORS BE+ PRES5T1 PLUS A UNIT$ & EFFICI5T SELF ORGANIZATION1 NO LIB]ATORY REVOLUTION CAN POSSIBLY SUCCE$4 

,BAKUN9 HAD NO D\BTS ?AT REVOLUTION MU/ NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE DE/RUCTION TO CREATE ! BASIS ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,HE /AT$ ?AT1 QUITE SIMPLY1 REVOLUTION MEANS NO?+ LESS ?AN W>1 ?AT IS1 ! PHYSICAL DE/RUCTION ( PEOPLE & PROP]TY4 ,SPONTANE\S REVOLUTIONS 9VOLVE1 (T51 ! VA/ DE/RUCTION ( PROP]TY4 ,BAKUN9 NOT$ ?AT :5 CIRCUM/ANCES DEM&$ IT1 ! WORK]S WILL DE/ROY EV5 !IR [N H\SES1 :I* MORE (T5 ?AN NOT1 DO NOT BELONG TO !M4 ,! NEGATIVE1 DE/RUCTIVE URGE IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y1 HE >GU$1 TO SWEEP AWAY ! PA/4 ,DE/RUCTION IS CLOSELY L9K$ ) CON/RUCTION1 S9CE ! 0MORE VIVIDLY ! FUTURE IS VISUALIZ$1 ! MORE P[]FUL IS ! =CE ( DE/RUCTION40 

,GIV5 ! CLOSE RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? & P[] 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ,BAKUN9 CONSID]$ ECONOMIC QUE/IONS TO BE ( P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE4 ,IT IS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL ?AT ,BAKUN9 GAVE GREAT SIGNIFICANCE ( /RIKES BY WORK]S4 ,/RIKES1 HE BELIEV$1 HAVE A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,FIR/LY !Y >E NECESS>Y AS CATALY/S TO WR5* ! WORK]S AWAY FROM !IR READY ACCEPTANCE ( CAPITALISM1 !Y JOLT !M \T ( !IR CONDITION ( RESIGNATION4 ,/RIKES1 AS A =M ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL W>F>E1 REQUIRE UNITY TO SUCCE$1 ?US WELD+ ! WORK]S TOGE!R4 ,DUR+ /RIKES1 !RE IS A POL>IZATION BETWE5 EMPLOY]S & WORK]S4 ,?IS MAKES ! LATT] MORE RECEPTIVE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A & DE/ROYS ! URGE TO COMPROMISE & SEEK DEALS4 ,BAKUN9 ?\<T ?AT AS ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL 9CREASES1 SO WILL ! 9T5SITY & NUMB] ( /RIKES4 ,! ULTIMATE /RIKE IS ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE1 9 :I* CLASS CONSCI\S WORK]S >E 9FUS$ ) AN>*I/ IDEAS WILL LEAD1 ?\<T ,BAKUN91 TO ! F9AL EXPLOSION :I* WILL BR+ AB\T AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 

,BAKUN9'S IDEAS >E REVOLUTION>Y 9 A V]Y FULL S5SE1 BE+ CONC]N$ ) ! DE/RUCTION ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & SOCIAL_/POLITICAL DOM9ATION & !IR REPLACEM5T BY A SY/EM ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* IS 9 H>MONY ) HUMAN NATURE4 ,BAKUN9 (F]$ A CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM1 9 :I* AU?ORITY & ECONOMIC 9EQUALITY W5T H& 9 H&1 & /ATE SOCIALISM1 7E4G4 ,M>XISM7 :I* IS ONE SID$ 9 ITS CONC5TRATION ON ECONOMIC FACTORS :IL/1 GROSSLY UND]E/IMAT+ ! DANG]S ( SOCIAL AU?ORITY4 

,/ATE 

,BAKUN9 BAS$ HIS CONSI/5T & UNIFI$ !ORY UPON ?REE 9T]DEP5D5T PLAT=MS1 NAMELY3 

HUMAN BE+S >E NATURALLY SOCIAL 7& !RE=E !Y DESIRE SOCIAL SOLID>ITY7 

>E MORE OR LESS EQUAL &1 

WANT TO BE FREE 

,HIS AN>*ISM IS CONSEQU5TLY CONC]N$ ) ! PROBLEM ( CREAT+ A SOCIETY ( FRE$OM )9 ! CONTEXT ( AN EGALIT>IAN SY/EM ( MUTUAL 9T]ACTION4 ,! PROBLEM ) EXI/+ SOCIETIES1 HE >GU$1 IS ?AT !Y >E DOM9AT$ BY /ATES ?AT >E NECESS>ILY VIOL5T1 ANTI-SOCIAL1 & >TIFICIAL CON/RUCTS :I* D5Y ! FULFILLM5T ( HUMANITY4 

,:IL/ !RE >E1 9 ,BAKUN9'S VIEW1 MANY OBJECTIONABLE FEATURES )9 CAPITALISM1 AP>T FROM ! /ATE1 7E4G4 ! OPPRESSION ( WOM51 WAGE SLAV]Y71 IT IS ! /ATE :I* NURTURES1 MA9TA9S & PROTECTS ! OPPRESSIVE SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,! /ATE IS DEF9$ AS AN ANTI-SOCIAL MA*9E :I* CONTROLS SOCIETY = ! B5EFIT ( AN OPPRESS+ CLASS OR ELITE4 ,IT IS ESS5TIALLY AN 9/ITUTION BAS$ UPON VIOL5CE & IS CONC]N$ ) ITS MA9T5ANCE ( 9EQUALITY ?R\< POLITICAL REPRESSION4 ,9 ADDITION ! /ATE RELIES UPON A P]MAN5T BUREAUCRACY TO HELP C>RY \T ITS AIMS4 ,! BUREAUCRATIC ELEM5T1 9CID5TALLY1 IS NOT SIMPLY A TOOL :I* IT PROMOTES4 ,ALL /ATES1 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$1 HAVE 9T]NAL T5D5CIES T[>D SELF P]PETUATION1 :E!R !Y BE CAPITALI/ OR SOCIALI/ & >E ?US TO BE OPPOS$ AS OB/ACLES TO HUMAN FRE$OM4 

,IT MI<T BE OBJECT$ ?AT /ATES >E NOT PRIM>ILY CONC]N$ ) POLITICAL REPRESSION & VIOL5CE & 9DE$ ?AT LIB]AL DEMOCRATIC /ATES1 9 P>TICUL>1 >E MU* 9T]E/$ 9 SOCIAL WELF>E4 ,BAKUN9 >GUES ?AT SU* ASPECTS >E ONLY A DISGUISE1 & ?AT :5 ?REAT5$1 ALL /ATES REVEAL !IR ESS5TIALLY VIOL5T NATURES4 ,9 ,BRITA9 & ,NOR!RN ,IREL& ?IS REPRESSIVE FEATURE ( /ATE ACTIVITY HAS COME 9CREAS+LY TO ! =E1 :5 ! /ATE HAS BE5 *ALL5G$ TO ANY SIGNIFICANT DEGREE1 IT HAS RESPOND$ ) BRUTAL FIRMNESS4 

,& DEVELOPM5TS )9 ,BRITA9 OV] ! LA/ C\PLE DECADES T5D TO SUB/ANTIATE ANO!R FEATURE ( ! /ATE :I* ,BAKUN9 DREW ATT5TION TO1 !IR T5D5CY T[>D OV] 9CREAS+ AU?ORIT>IANISM & ABSOLUTISM4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT !RE W]E /RONG PRESSURES 9 ALL /ATES :E!R !Y >E LIB]AL1 SOCIALI/1 CAPITALI/1 OR :ATEV]1 T[>D MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP BUT ?AT ! RATE ( SU* DEVELOPM5T WILL V>Y1 H[EV] ACCORD+ TO FACTORS SU* AS DEMOGRAPHY1 CULTURE & POLITICS4 

,F9ALLY1 ,BAKUN9 NOT$ ?AT /ATES T5D T[>D W>F>E AGA9/ O!R /ATES4 ,S9CE !RE IS NO 9T]NATIONALLY ACCEPT$ MORAL CODE BETWE5 /ATES1 !N RIVALRIES BETWE5 !M WILL BE EXPRESS$ 9 T]MS ( MILIT>Y CONFLICT4 0,SO LONG AS !RE'S GOV]NM5T1 !RE WILL BE NO PEACE4 ,!RE WILL ONLY BE MORE OR LESS PROLONG$ RESPITES1 >MI/ICES CONCLUD$ BY ! P]PETUALLY BELLIG]5T /ATES2 BUT AS SOON AS A /ATE FEELS SUFFICI5TLY /RONG TO DE/ROY ?IS EQUILIBRIUM TO ITS ADVANTAGE1 IT WILL NEV] FAIL TO DO SO40 

,B\RGEOIS ,DEMOCRACY 

,POLITICAL COMM5TATORS & ! M$IA >E CON/ANTLY S++ ! PRAISES ( ! SY/EM ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY 9 :I* EV]Y FEW YE>S OR SO ! ELECTORATE IS ASK$ TO PUT A CROSS ON A PIECE ( PAP] TO DET]M9E :O WILL CONTROL !M4 ,?IS SY/EM WORKS GOOD 9S(> AS ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM HAS F\ND A WAY ( GA9+ LEGITIMACY ?R\< ! ILLUSION ?AT SOME H[ ! VOT]S >E 9 *>GE ( RUNN+ ! SY/EM4 ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S ON ! ISSUE ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY W]E MADE AT ! TIME :5 IT B>ELY EXI/$ 9 ! WORLD4 ,YET HE C\LD SEE ON ! BASIS ( A C\PLE ( EXAMPLES 7! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,SWITZ]L&7 ?AT ! WID5+ ( ! FRAN*ISE DOES LITTLE TO IMPROVE ! LOT ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! POPULATION4 ,TRUE1 AS ,BAKUN9 NOT$1 MIDDLE CLASS POLITICIANS >E PREP>$ TO HUMBLE !MSELVES BE=E ! ELECTORATE ISSU+ ALL SORTS ( PROMISES4 ,BUT ?IS LEVEL+ ( C&IDATES BE=E ! POPULACE DISAPPE>S ! DAY AFT] ! ELECTION1 ONCE !Y >E TRANS=M$ 9TO MEMB]S ( ! ,P>LIAM5T4 ,! WORK]S CONT9UE TO GO TO WORK & ! B\RGEOISIE TAKES UP ONCE AGA9 ! PROBLEMS ( BUS9ESS & POLITICAL 9TRIGUE4 

,TODAY1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ! PR$OM9ANT POLITICAL SY/EM IS ?AT ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ,BRITA9 ! ELECTORAL SY/EM IS PAT5TLY UNFAIR 9 ITS DI/RIBUTION ( P>LIAM5T>Y SEATS1 9S(> AS SOME P>TIES ) SUB/ANTIAL SUPPORT GET NEGLIGIBLE REPRES5TATION4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 :]E /RICT PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION APPLIES1 ! ,BAKUN9I/ CRITIQUE REMA9S SCA?+4 ,= ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM REQUIRES ?AT ONLY A SMALL SECTION ( ! POPULATION CONC]N ITSELF DIRECTLY ) LEGISLATION & GOV]N+ 79 ,BRITA9 A MAJORITY \T ( #fe ,M,P'S 7,MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T774 

,BAKUN9'S OBJECTIONS TO REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY RE/ BASICALLY ON ! FACT ?AT IT IS AN EXPRESSION ( ! 9EQUALITY ( P[] :I* EXI/S 9 SOCIETY4 ,DESPITE CON/ITUTIONS GU>ANTEE+ ! RI<TS ( CITIZ5S & EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW1 ! REALITY IS ?AT ! CAPITALI/ CLASS IS 9 P]MAN5T CONTROL4 ,SO LONG AS ! GREAT MASS ( ! POPULATION HAS TO SELL ITS LABOR P[] 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE1 !RE CAN NOT BE DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T4 ,SO LONG AS PEOPLE >E ECONOMICALLY EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITALISM & !RE >E GROSS 9EQUALITIES ( WEAL?1 !RE CAN NOT BE REAL DEMOCRACY4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 MADE CLE>1 ECONOMIC FACTS >E MU* /RONG] ?AN POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,SO LONG AS !RE IS ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE !RE WILL BE POLITICAL DOM9ATION BY ! RI* OV] ! POOR4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS RELATION%IP IS ?AT REPRES5TATIVES ( CAPITALISM 7B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY7 0POSSES 9 FACT1 IF NOT BY RI<T1 ! EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGE ( GOV]N+40 

,A COMMON FICTION ?AT IS EXP\ND$ 9 LIB]AL DEMOCRACIES IS ?AT ! PEOPLE RULE4 ,H[EV] ! REALITY IS ?AT M9ORITIES NECESS>ILY DO ! GOV]N+4 ,A PRIVILEG$ FEW :O HAVE ACCESS TO WEAL?1 $UCATION & LEISURE TIME1 CLE>LY >E BETT] EQUIPP$ TO GOV]N ?AN ORD9>Y WORK+ PEOPLE1 :O G5]ALLY HAVE LITTLE FREE TIME & ONLY A BASIC $UCATION4 

,BUT AS ,BAKUN9 MADE CLE>1 IF BY SOME QUIRK1 A SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T BE ELECT$1 9 REAL T]MS1 ?+S W\LD NOT IMPROVE MU*4 ,:5 PEOPLE GA9 P[] & PLACE !MSELVES 'ABOVE' SOCIETY1 HE >GU$1 !IR WAY ( LOOK+ AT ! WORLD *ANGES4 ,FROM !IR EXALT$ POSITION ( HI< (FICE ! P]SPECTIVE ON LIFE BECOMES DI/ORT$ & SEEMS V]Y DIFF]5T TO ?OSE ON ! BOTTOM4 ,! HI/ORY ( SOCIALI/ REPRES5TATION 9 P>LIAM5T IS PRIM>ILY ?AT ( R5EG+ ON PROMISES & BECOM+ ABSORB$ 9TO ! MANN]S1 MORALITY & ATTITUDES ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,BAKUN9 SUGGE/S ?AT SU* BACKSLID+ FROM SOCIALI/ IDEAS IS NOT DUE TO TREA*]Y1 BUT BECAUSE P>TICIPATION 9 P>LIAM5T MAKES REPRES5TATIVES SEE ! WORLD ?R\< A DI/ORT$ MIRROR4 ,A WORK]S P>LIAM5T1 5GAG$ 9 ! TASKS ( GOV]N+ W\LD1 SAID ,BAKUN91 5D UP A *AMB] ( 0DET]M9$ >I/OCRATS1 BOLD OR TIMID WOR%IP]S ( ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY :O WILL ALSO BECOME EXPLOIT]S & OPPRESSORS40 

,! PO9T ?AT ,BAKUN9 MAKES TIME & TIME AGA9 9 HIS WRIT+S IS ?AT NO ONE CAN GOV]N = ! PEOPLE 9 !IR 9T]E/S4 ,ONLY P]SONAL & DIRECT CONTROL OV] \R LIVES WILL 5SURE ?AT JU/ICE & FRE$OM WILL PREVAIL4 ,TO ABDICATE DIRECT CONTROL IS TO D5Y FRE$OM4 ,TO GRANT POLITICAL SOV]EIGNTY TO O!RS1 :E!R UND] ! MANTLE ( DEMOCRACY1 REPUBLICANISM1 ! PEOPLE'S /ATE1 OR :ATEV]1 IS TO GIVE O!RS CONTROL & !RE=E DOM9ATION OV] \R LIVES4 

,IT MI<T BE ?\<T ?AT ! REF]5DUM1 9 :I* PEOPLE DIRECTLY MAKE LAWS1 W\LD BE AN ADVANCE UPON ! IDEA ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS IS NOT ! CASE ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN91 = A V>IETY ( REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 ! PEOPLE >E NOT 9 A POSITION TO MAKE DECISIONS ON ! BASIS ( FULL KN[L$GE ( ALL ! ISSUES 9VOLV$4 ,ALSO1 LAWS MAY BE A COMPLEX1 AB/RACT1 & SPECIALIZ$ NATURE & ?AT 9 ORD] TO VOTE = !M 9 A S]I\S WAY1 ! PEOPLE NE$ TO BE FULLY $UCAT$ & HAVE AVAILABLE ! TIME & FACILITIES TO REFLECT UPON & DISCUSS ! IMPLICATIONS 9VOLV$4 ,! REALITY ( REF]5DA IS ?AT !Y >E US$ BY FULL-TIME POLITICIANS TO GA9 LEGITIMACY = ESS5TIALLY B\RGEOIS ISSUES4 ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ,SWITZ]L&1 :I* HAS US$ ! REF]5DUM FREQU5TLY1 REMA9S ONE ( ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE4 ,) REF]5DA1 ! PEOPLE >E GUID$ BY POLITICIANS1 :O SET ! T]MS ( ! DEBATE4 ,?US DESPITE POPUL> 9PUT1 ! PEOPLE /ILL REMA9 UND] B\RGEOIS CONTROL4 

,F9ALLY1 ,BAKUN9 ON ! :OLE CONCEPT ( ! POSSIBILITY ( ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE3 ,= HIM ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE IS A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS S9CE ! /ATE IS ESS5TIALLY AB\T =CE1 AU?ORITY & DOM9ATION & IS NECESS>ILY BAS$ UPON AN 9EQUALITY ( WEAL? & P[]4 ,DEMOCRACY1 9 ! S5SE ( SELF RULE = ALL1 MEANS ?AT NO ONE IS RUL$4 ,IF NO ONE RULES1 !RE CAN BE NO /ATE4 ,IF !RE IS A /ATE1 !RE CAN BE NO SELF RULE4 

,M>X 

,BAKUN9'S OPPOSITION TO ,M>XISM 9VOLVES SEV]AL SEP>ATE BUT RELAT$ CRITICISMS4 ,?\< HE ?\<T ,M>X WAS A S9C]E REVOLUTION>Y1 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ ?AT ! APPLICATION ( ! ,M>XI/ SY/EM W\LD NECESS>ILY LEAD TO ! REPLACEM5T ( ONE REPRESSION 7CAPITALI/7 BY ANO!R 7/ATE SOCIALI/74 

,FIR/LY1 ,BAKUN9 OPPOS$ :AT HE CONSID]$ TO BE ! ECONOMIC DET]M9I/ ELEM5T 9 ,M>X'S ?\<T1 MO/ SIMPLY /AT$ ?AT 0,BE+ DET]M9ES CONSCI\SNESS40 ,PUT 9 ANO!R WAY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS AGA9/ ! IDEA ?AT ! :OLE RANGE ( 'SUP] /RUCTURAL' FACTORS ( SOCIETY1 ITS LAWS1 MORALITIES1 SCI5CE1 RELIGION1 ETC4 W]E 0BUT ! NECESS>Y AFT] EFFECTS ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMIC FACTS40 ,RA!R ?AN HI/ORY OR SCI5CE BE+ PRIM>ILY DET]M9$ BY ECONOMIC FACTORS 7E4G4 ! 'MODE ( PRODUCTION'71 ,BAKUN9 ALL[$ MU* MORE = ! ACTIVE 9T]V5TION ( HUMAN BE+S 9 ! REALIZATION ( !IR DE/9Y4 

,MORE FUNDAM5TAL WAS ,BAKUN9'S OPPOSITION TO ! ,M>XI/ IDEA ( DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT :I* WAS1 9 EFFECT1 A TRANSITIONAL /ATE ON ! WAY TO /ATELESS COMMUNISM4 ,M>X & ,5GLES1 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#h1 HAD WRITT5 ( ! NE$ = LABOR >MIES UND] /ATE SUP]VISION1 ! BACKW>DNESS ( ! RURAL WORK]S1 ! NE$ = C5TRALIZ$ & DIRECT$ ECONOMY1 & = WIDE SPREAD NATIONALIZATION4 ,LAT]1 ,M>X ALSO MADE CLE> ?AT A WORK]S' GOV]NM5T C\LD COME 9TO BE+ ?R\< UNIV]SAL FRAN*ISE4 ,BAKUN9 QUE/ION$ EA* ( !SE PROPOSITIONS4 

,! /ATE1 :ATEV] ITS BASIS1 :E!R IT BE PROLET>IAN OR B\RGEOIS1 9EVITABLY CONTA9S SEV]AL OBJECTIONABLE FEATURES4 ,/ATES >E BAS$ UPON CO]CION & DOM9ATION4 ,?IS DOM9ATION W\LD1 ,BAKUN9 /AT$1 V]Y SOON CEASE TO BE ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAT OV] ITS 5EMIES BUT W\LD BECOME A /ATE OV] ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS W\LD >ISE1 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$1 BECAUSE ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( A :OLE CLASS1 NUMB]+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 GOV]N+ ON ITS [N BEHALF4 ,NECESS>ILY1 ! WORK]S W\LD HAVE TO WIELD P[] BY PROXY BY 5TRU/+ ! TASKS ( GOV]NM5T TO A SMALL GR\P ( POLITICIANS4 

,ONCE ! ROLE ( GOV]NM5T WAS TAK5 \T ( ! H&S ( ! MASSES1 A NEW CLASS ( EXP]TS1 SCI5TI/S & PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS W\LD >ISE4 ,?IS NEW ELITE W\LD1 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$1 BE F> MORE SECURE 9 ITS DOM9ATION OV] ! WORK]S BY MEANS ( ! MY/IFICATION & LEGITIMACY GRANT$ BY ! CLAIM TO ACT+ 9 ACCORDANCE ) SCI5TIFIC LAWS 7A MAJOR CLAIM BY ,M>XI/S74 ,FUR!RMORE1 GIV5 ?AT ! NEW /ATE C\LD MASQU]ADE AS ! TRUE EXPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE'S WILL4 ,! 9/ITUTIONALIZ+ ( POLITICAL P[] GIVES RISE TO A NEW GR\P ( GOV]NORS ) ! SAME SELF SEEK+ 9T]E/S & ! SAME COV]-UPS ( ITS DUBI\S DEAL+S4 

,ANO!R PROBLEM POS$ BY ! /ATI/ SY/EM1 ?AT ( C5TRALIZ$ /ATI/ GOV]NM5T W\LD1 >GU$ ,BAKUN91 FUR!R /R5G!N ! PROCESS ( DOM9ATION4 ,! /ATE AS [N]1 ORGANIZ]1 DIRECTOR1 F9ANCI]1 & DI/RIBUTOR ( LABOR & ECONOMY W\LD NECESS>ILY HAVE TO ACT 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN MANN] 9 ITS OP]ATIONS4 ,AS CAN BE SE5 BY ! ,SOVIET SY/EM1 A COMM& ECONOMY MU/ ACT ) DECISION FL[+ FROM TOP TO BOTTOM2 IT CANNOT MEET ! COMPLEX & V>I\S NE$S ( 9DIVIDUALS &1 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 IS A HOPELESS1 9EFFICI5T GIANT4 ,M>X BELIEV$ ?AT C5TRALISM1 FROM :ATEV] QU>T]1 WAS A MOVE T[>D ! F9AL1 /ATI/ SOLUTION ( REVOLUTION4 ,BAKUN91 9 CONTRA/ OPPOS$ C5TRALISM BY F$]ALISM4 .<888.> 

,BAKUN9'S PR$ICTIONS AS TO ! OP]ATION ( ,M>XI/ /ATES HAVE BE5 BORNE \T ( REALITY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SEIZ$ P[] 9 #a#i#a#g1 TALK$ 9CESSANTLY ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP & SOVIET P[]1 YET 9EVITABLY1 ) OR )\T WANT+ TO1 CREAT$ A VA/ BUREAUCRATIC POLICE /ATE4 

,UNIONS 

,MO/ ( ! LEFT 9 ,BRITA9 VIEW ! PRES5T /RUCTURES ( TRADE UNIONS 9 A POSITIVE LI<T4 ,?IS IS TRUE = MEMB]S ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 BO? LEFT & RI<T1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,MILITANT ,T5D5CY & MANY O!R ,M>XI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!SE BODIES WI% TO CAPTURE OR RETA9 CONTROL ( ! UNIONS1 PRETTY MU* AS !Y /&1 9 ORD] TO USE !M = !IR [N PURPOSES4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE >E FREQU5TLY BITT] CONFLICTS & MANEUV]+S )9 ! UNIONS = CONTROL4 ,?IS TR5D IS MO/ APP>5T 9 ! ,C4,P4,S4,A4 :]E A VICI\S ANTI-COMMUNI/ RI<T W+ GR\P ALT]NATES ) ! ,MILITANT ,T5D5CY & ITS SUPPORT]S = CONTROL ( ! UNION EXECUTIVE & FULL TIME PO/S4 ,! MAJOR EXCEPTION TO ?IS IS ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY :I* ADVOCATES RANK & FILE ORGANIZATION1 SO LONG AS ! ,S4,W4,P4 CAN CONTROL IT4 

,BAKUN9 LAID ! F\NDATIONS ( ! AN>*I/ APPROA* TO UNION ORGANIZATION & ! G5]AL T5D5CY ( NON-AN>*I/ UNIONS TO DECAY 9TO P]SONAL FIEFDOMS & BUREAUCRACY OV] A C5TURY AGO4 ,>GU+ 9 ! CONTEXT ( UNION ORGANIZATION )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 HE GAVE EXAMPLES ( H[ UNIONS CAN BE /OL5 FROM ! MEMB]%IP :OSE WILL !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE AN EXPRESSION (4 ,HE ID5TIFI$ SEV]AL 9T]RELAT$ FEATURES :I* LEAD TO ! USURPATION ( P[] BY UNION LEAD]S4 

,FIR/LY1 HE 9DICAT$ A PSY*OLOGICAL FACTOR :I* PLAYS A KEY P>T4 ,HONE/1 H>DWORK+1 9TELLIG5T & WELL MEAN+ MILITANTS W9 ?R\< H>D WORK ! RESPECT & ADMIRATION ( !IR FELL[ MEMB]S & >E ELECT$ TO UNION (FICE4 ,!Y DISPLAY SELF SACRIFICE1 9ITIATIVE & ABILITY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ONCE 9 POSITIONS ( LEAD]%IP1 !SE PEOPLE SOON IMAG9E !MSELVES TO BE 9DISP5SABLE & !IR FOCUS ( ATT5TION C5T]S MORE & MORE ON ! MA*9ATIONS )9 ! V>I\S UNION COMMITTEES4 

,! ONE TIME MILITANT ?US BECOMES REMOV$ FROM ! EV]Y DAY PROBLEMS ( ! RANK & FILE MEMB]S & ASSUMES ! SELF DELUSION :I* AFFLICTS ALL LEAD]S1 NAMELY A S5SE ( SUP]IORITY4 

,GIV5 ! EXI/5CE ( UNION BUREAUCRACIES & SECRET DEBAT+ *AMB]S 9 :I* LEAD]S DECIDE UNION ACTIONS & POLICIES1 A 'GOV]NM5TAL >I/OCRACY' >ISES )9 ! UNION /RUCTURES1 NO MATT] H[ DEMOCRATIC ?OSE /RUCTURES MAY =MALLY BE4 ,) ! GR[+ AU?ORITY ( ! UNION COMMITTEES ETC41 ! WORK]S BECOME 9DIFF]5T TO UNION AFFAIRS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ,BAKUN9 ASS]TS1 ( ISSUES :I* DIRECTLY AFFECT !M E4G4 DUES PAYM5T1 /RIKES ETC4 ,UNIONS HAVE ALWAYS HAD GREAT PROBLEMS 9 GETT+ SUBSCRIPTIONS FROM ALI5AT$ MEMB]%IPS1 A SOLUTION :I* HAS BE5 F\ND 9 ! '*ECK (F' SY/EM BY :I* UNIONS & EMPLOY]S COLLABORATE TO REMOVE ! REQUIR$ SUM AT S\RCE1 I4E4 FROM ! PAY PACKET4 

,:]E WORK]S DO NOT DIRECTLY CONTROL !IR UNION & DELEGATE AU?ORITY TO COMMITTEES & FULL-TIME AG5TS1 SEV]AL ?+S HAPP54 ,FIR/LY1 SO LONG AS UNION SUBSCRIPTIONS >E NOT TOO HI<1 & BACK DUES >E NOT PRESS$ TOO H>D =1 ! SUB/ITUT+ BODIES CAN ACT ) VIRTUAL IMPUNITY4 ,?IS IS GOOD = ! COMMITTEES BUT BR+S ALMO/ TO AN 5D ! DEMOCRATIC LIFE ( ! UNION4 ,P[] GRAVITATES 9CREAS+LY TO ! COMMITTEES & !SE BODIES1 LIKE ALL GOV]NM5TS SUB/ITUTE !IR WILL = ?AT ( ! MEMB]%IP4 ,?IS 9 TURN ALL[S EXPRESSION = P]SONAL 9TRIGUES1 VANITY1 AMBITION & SELF-9T]E/4 ,MANY 9TRA-UNION BATTLES1 :I* >E O/5SIBLY F\<T ON IDEOLOGICAL GR\NDS1 >E 9 FACT M]ELY /RUGGLES = CONTROL BY AMBITI\S SELF SEEK]S :O HAVE *OS5 ! UNION = !IR C>E] /RUCTURE4 ,?IS C>E]ISM OCCASIONALLY SURFACES 9 BATTLES BETWE5 RIVAL LEFTI/S1 = EXAMPLE :]E NO POLITICAL REASONS = CONFLICT EXI/4 ,9 ! PA/ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY (F]$ A UNION C>E] R\TE )9 C]TA9 UNIONS & SU* CONFLICTS CON/ANTLY >OSE4 

,PRESUMABLY1 )9 ! ,MILITANT ,T5D5CY1 :I* ALSO WI%ES TO CAPTURE UNIONS1 ! SAME PROBLEM EXI/S4 

,)9 ! V>I\S UNION COMMITTEES1 :I* >E >RANG$ ON A HI]>*ICAL BASIS 7MIRROR+ CAPITALISM71 ONE OR TWO 9DIVIDUALS COME TO DOM9ATE ON ! BASIS ( SUP]IOR 9TELLIG5CE OR AGGRESSIV5ESS4 ,ULTIMATELY1 ! UNIONS BECOME DOM9AT$ BY BOSSES :O HOLD GREAT P[] 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS1 DESPITE ! SAFEGU>DS ( DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES & CON/ITUTIONS4 ,OV] ! LA/ FEW DECADES1 MANY SU* UNION BOSSES HAVE BECOME NATIONAL FIGURES1 ESPECIALLY 9 P]IODS ( ,LABOR GOV]NM5T4 

,BAKUN9 WAS AW>E ?AT SU* UNION DEG5]ATION WAS 9EVITABLE BUT ONLY >ISES 9 ! ABS5CE ( RANK & FILE CONTROL1 LACK ( OPPOSITION TO UNDEMOCRATIC TR5DS & ! ACCESSION TO UNION P[] TO ?OSE :O ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE CORRUPT$4 ,?OSE 9DIVIDUALS :O G5U9ELY WI% TO SAFEGU>D !IR P]SONAL 9TEGRITY %\LD1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 NOT /AY 9 (FICE TOO LONG & %\LD 5C\RAGE /RONG RANK & FILE OPPOSITION4 ,UNION MILITANTS HAVE A DUTY TO REMA9 FAI?FUL TO !IR REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS4 

,P]SONAL 9TEGRITY1 H[EV]1 IS AN 9SUFFICI5T SAFEGU>D4 ,O!R1 9/ITUTIONAL & ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS MU/ ALSO BE BR\<T 9TO PLAY4 ,!SE 9CLUDE REGUL> REPORT+ ( ! PROPOSALS MADE BY ! (FICIALS & H[ !Y VOT$1 9 O!R WORDS FREQU5T & DIRECT ACC\NTABILITY4 ,SECONDLY1 SU* UNION DELEGATES MU/ DRAW !IR M&ATES FROM ! MEMB]%IP BE+ SUBJECT TO RANK & FILE 9/RUCTIONS4 ,?IRDLY1 ,BAKUN9 SUGGE/S ! 9/ANT RECALL ( UNSATISFACTORY DELEGATES4 ,F9ALLY1 & MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 HE URG$ ! CALL+ ( MASS MEET+S & O!R EXPRESSIONS ( GRASS ROOTS ACTIVITY TO CIRCUMV5T ?OSE LEAD]S :O ACT$ 9 UNDEMOCRATIC WAYS4 ,MASS MEET+S 9SPIRE PASSIVE MEMB]S TO ACTION1 CREAT+ A CAM>AD]IE :I* W\LD T5D TO REPUDIATE ! SO CALL$ LEAD]S4 

 7,$3 ,FROM ?IS1 ONE CAN CONCLUDE ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS A MAJOR 9SPIRATION = ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T47 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION 

,ABOVE ALL ELSE1 ,BAKUN9 ! REVOLUTION>Y1 BELIEV$ 9 ! NECESSITY ( COLLECTIVE ACTION TO A*IEVE AN>*Y4 ,AFT] HIS DEA? !RE WAS A /RONG T5D5CY )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T T[>DS ! AB&ONM5T ( ORGANIZATION 9 FAVOR ( SMALL GR\P & 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T1 :I* CULM9AT$ 9 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( T]ROR 9 ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY ,FRANCE1 ISOLAT+ AN>*ISM FROM ! V]Y S\RCE ( ! REVOLUTION1 NAMELY ! WORK]S4 

,BAKUN91 BE+ CONSI/5T ) O!R ASPECTS ( HIS ?\<T1 SAW ORGANIZATION NOT 9 T]MS ( A C5TRALIZ$ & DISCIPL9$ >MY 7?\< HE ?\<T SELF DISCIPL9E WAS VITAL71 BUT AS ! RESULT ( DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]ALISM 9 :I* REVOLUTION>IES C\LD *ANNEL !IR 5]GIES ?R\< MUTUAL AGREEM5T )9 A COLLECTIVE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 TO HAVE A CO-ORD9AT$ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T = A NUMB] ( REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 IF AN>*I/S ACT$ ALONE1 )\T DIRECTION !Y W\LD 9EVITABLY 5D UP MOV+ 9 DIFF]5T DIRECTIONS & W\LD1 AS A RESULT1 T5D TO NEUTRALIZE EA* O!R4 ,ORGANIZATION IS NOT NECESS>Y = ITS [N SAKE1 BUT IS NECESS>Y TO MAXIMIZE /R5G? ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES1 9 ! FACE ( ! GREAT RES\RCES COMM&$ BY ! CAPITALI/ /ATE4 

,H[EV]1 FROM ,BAKUN9'S /&PO9T1 IT WAS ! SPONTANE\S REVOLT AGA9/ AU?ORITY BY ! PEOPLE :I* IS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE4 ,! NATURE ( PURELY SPONTANE\S UPRIS+S IS ?AT !Y >E UNEV5 & V>Y 9 9T5SITY FROM TIME TO TIME & PLACE TO PLACE4 ,! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION MU/ NOT ATTEMPT TO TAKE OV] & LEAD ! UPRIS+ BUT HAS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( CL>IFY+ GOALS1 PUTT+ =W>D REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A1 & WORK+ \T IDEAS 9 CORRESPOND5CE ) ! REVOLUTION>Y 9/9CTS ( ! MASSES4 ,TO GO BEYOND ?IS W\LD UND]M9E ! :OLE SELF-LIB]ATORY PURPOSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,PUT*ISM HAS NO PLACE 9 ,BAKUN9'S ?\<T4 

,BAKUN9 !N1 SAW REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION 9 T]MS ( (F]+ ASSI/ANCE TO ! REVOLUTION1 NOT AS A SUB/ITUTE4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS CONTEXT ?AT WE %\LD 9T]PRET ,BAKUN9'S CALL = A 0SECRET REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D0 & 09VISIBLE DICTATOR%IP0 ( ?AT VANGU>D4 ,! VANGU>D IT %\LD BE SAID1 HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ?AT ( ! ,L59I/ MODEL :I* SEEKS ACTUAL1 DIRECT LEAD]%IP OV] ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BAKUN9 WAS /RONGLY OPPOS$ TO SU* APPROA*ES & 9=M$ HIS FOLL[]S ?AT 0NO MEMB]444 IS P]MITT$1 EV5 9 ! MID/ ( FULL REVOLUTION1 TO TAKE PUBLIC (FICE ( ANY K9D1 NOR IS ! 7REVOLUTION>Y7 ORGANIZATION P]MITT$ TO DO SO444 IT WILL AT ALL TIMES BE ON ! AL]T1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE = AU?ORITIES1 GOV]NM5TS & /ATES TO BE E/ABLI%$40 ,! VANGU>D WAS1 H[EV]1 TO 9FLU5CE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ON AN 9=MAL BASIS1 RELY+ ON ! TAL5TS ( IT'S MEMB]S TO A*IEVE RESULTS4 ,BAKUN9 ?\<T ?AT IT WAS ! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( AU?ORITY1 NOT NATURAL 9EQUALITIES1 ?AT POS$ A ?REAT TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,! VANGU>D W\LD ACT AS A CATALY/ TO ! WORK+ CLASSES' [N REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & WAS EXPECT$ TO FULLY IMM]SE ITSELF 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,BAKUN9'S VANGU>D !N1 WAS CONC]N$ ) $UCATION & PROPAG&A1 & UNLIKE ! ,L59I/ VANGU>D P>TY1 WAS NOT TO BE A BODY SEP>ATE FROM ! CLASS1 BUT AN ACTIVE AG5T )9 IT4 

,! O!R MAJOR TASK ( ! ,BAKUN9I/ ORGANIZATION WAS ?AT IT W\LD ACT AS ! WAT*DOG = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!N1 AS N[1 AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P+S POS$ AS LEAD]S ( ! REVOLUTION & SUPPLI$ !IR [N MEMB]S AS 0GOV]NM5TS 9 WAIT+40 ,! AN>*I/ VANGU>D HAS TO EXPOSE SU* MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] ?AT ! REVOLUTION %\LD NOT REPLACE ONE REPRES5TATIVE /ATE BY ANO!R 'REVOLUTION>Y' ONE4 ,AFT] ! 9ITIAL VICTORY1 ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION>IES1 ?OSE ADVOCATES ( SO-CALL$ WORK]S' GOV]NM5TS & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 W\LD ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN9 TRY 0TO SQUEL* ! POPUL> PASSIONS4 ,!Y APPEAL = ORD]1 = TRU/ 91 = SUBMISSION TO ?OSE :O1 9 ! C\RSE & ! NAME ( ! REVOLUTION1 SEIZ$ & LEGALIZ$ !IR [N DICTATORIAL P[]S2 ?IS IS H[ SU* POLITICAL REVOLUTION>IES RECON/ITUTE ! /ATE4 ,WE ON ! O!R H&1 MU/ AWAK5 & FOM5T ALL ! DYNAMIC PASSIONS ( ! PEOPLE40 

,AN>*Y 

,?R\<\T ,BAKUN9'S CRITICISMS ( CAPITALISM & /ATE SOCIALISM HE CON/ANTLY >GUES = FRE$OM4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 !N1 TO F9D ?AT 9 HIS SKET*ES ( FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETY ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( FRE$OM TAKES PREC$5CE4 ,9 A NUMB] ( REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAMS HE \TL9$ :I* HE CONSID]$ TO BE ! ESS5TIAL FEATURES ( SOCIETIES :I* W\LD PROMOTE ! MAXIMUM POSSIBLE 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FRE$OM4 ,! SOCIETIES 5VISION$ 9 ,BAKUN9'S PROGRAMS >E NOT ,UTOPIAS1 ! S5SE ( BE+ DETAIL$ FICTIONAL COMMUNITIES1 FREE ( TR\BLES1 BUT RA!R SUGGE/ ! BASIC M9IMUM SKELETAL /RUCTURES :I* W\LD GU>ANTEE FRE$OM4 ,! *>ACT] ( FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETIES WILL V>Y1 SAID ,BAKUN9 DEP5D+ ON A :OLE RANGE ( HI/ORICAL1 CULTURAL1 ECONOMIC & GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS4 

,! BASIC PROBLEM WAS TO LAY D[N ! M9IMUM NECESS>Y CONDITIONS :I* W\LD BR+ AB\T A SOCIETY BAS$ UPON JU/ICE & SOCIAL WELF>E = ALL & W\LD ALSO G5]ATE FRE$OM4 ,! NEGATIVE1 ?AT IS1 DE/RUCTIVE FEATURES ( ! PROGRAMS >E ALL CONC]N$ ) ! ABOLITION ( ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS :I* LEAD TO DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION4 ,! /ATE1 9CLUD+ ! E/ABLI%$ *UR*1 ! JUDICI>Y1 /ATE BANKS & BUREAUCRACY1 ! >M$ =CES & ! POLICE >E ALL TO BE SWEPT AWAY4 ,ALSO1 ALL RANKS1 PRIVILEGES1 CLASSES & ! MON>*Y >E TO BE ABOLI%$4 

,! POSITIVE1 CON/RUCTIVE FEATURES ( ! NEW SOCIETY ALL 9T]L9K TO PROMOTE FRE$OM & JU/ICE4 ,= A SOCIETY TO BE FREE1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 IT IS NOT SUFFICI5T TO SIMPLY IMPOSE EQUALITY4 ,NO1 FRE$OM CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ & MA9TA9$ ?R\< ! FULL P>TICIPATION 9 SOCIETY ( A HI<LY $UCAT$ & HEAL?Y POPULATION1 FREE FROM SOCIAL & ECONOMIC WORRIES4 ,SU* AN 5LI<T5$ POPULATION1 CAN !N BE TRULY FREE & ABLE TO ACT RATIONALLY ON ! BASIS ( A POPUL>LY CONTROLL$ SCI5CE & A ?OR\< KN[L$GE ( ! ISSUES 9VOLV$4 

,BAKUN9 ADVOCAT$ COMPLETE FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T1 OP9ION1 MORALITY :]E PEOPLE W\LD NOT BE ACC\NTABLE TO ANYONE = !IR BELIEFS & ACTS4 ,?IS MU/ BE1 HE >GU$1 COMPLETE & UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 PRESS & ASSEMBLY4 ,FRE$OM1 HE BELIEV$1 MU/ BE DEF5D$ BY FRE$OM1 = TO 0ADVOCATE ! RE/RICTION ( FRE$OM ON ! PRETEXT ?AT IT IS BE+ DEF5D$ IS A DANG]\S DELUSION40 ,A TRULY FREE & 5LI<T5$ SOCIETY1 ,BAKUN9 SAID1 W\LD ADEQUATELY PRES]VE LIB]TY4 ,AN ORD]$ SOCIETY1 HE ?\<T1 /EMS NOT FROM SUPPRESSION ( IDEAS1 :I* ONLY BRE$S OPPOSITION & FACTIONALISM1 BUT FROM ! FULLE/ FRE$OM = ALL4 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ,BAKUN9 DID NOT ?9K ?AT A SOCIETY HAS ! RI<T TO PROTECT ITSELF4 ,HE FIRMLY BELIEV$ ?AT FRE$OM WAS TO BE F\ND )9 SOCIETY1 NOT ?R\< ITS DE/RUCTION4 ,?OSE PEOPLE :O ACT$ 9 WAYS ?AT LESS5 FRE$OM = O!RS HAVE NO PLACE2 ,!SE 9CLUDE ALL P>ASITES :O LIVE (F ! LABOR ( O!RS4 ,WORK1 ! CONTRIBUTION ( ONE'S LABOR = ! CREATION ( WEAL?1 =MS ! BASIS ( POLITICAL RI<TS 9 ! PROPOS$ AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,?OSE :O LIVE BY EXPLOIT+ O!RS DO NOT DES]VE POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,O!RS1 :O /EAL1 VIOLATE VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5TS )9 & BY SOCIETY1 9FLICT BODILY H>M ETC4 CAN EXPECT TO BE PUNI%$ BY ! LAWS :I* HAVE BE5 CREAT$ BY ?AT SOCIETY4 ,! CONDEMN$ CRIM9AL1 ON ! O!R H&1 CAN ESCAPE PUNI%M5T BY SOCIETY BY REMOV+ HIMSELF_/H]SELF FROM SOCIETY & ! B5EFITS IT CONF]S4 ,SOCIETY CAN ALSO EXPEL ! CRIM9AL IF IT SO WI%ES4 ,BASICALLY ?\<T1 ,BAKUN9 SET GREAT /ORE ON ! P[] ( 5LI<T5$ PUBLIC OP9ION TO M9IMIZE ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 

,BAKUN9 PROPOS$ ! EQUALIZATION ( WEAL?1 ?\< NATURAL 9EQUALITIES :I* >E REFLECT$ 9 DIFF]5T LEVELS ( SKILL1 5]GY & ?RIFT1 %\LD1 HE >GU$1 BE TOL]AT$4 ,! PURPOSE ( EQUALITY IS TO ALL[ 9DIVIDUALS TO F9D FULL EXPRESSION ( !IR HUMANITY )9 SOCIETY4 ,BAKUN9 WAS /RONGLY OPPOS$ TO ! IDEA ( HIR$ LABOR :I*1 IF 9TRODUC$ 9TO AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 W\LD LEAD TO ! RE9TRODUCTION ( 9EQUALITY & WAGE SLAV]Y4 ,HE PROPOS$ 9/EAD COLLECTIVE EF=T BECAUSE IT W\LD1 HE ?\<T1 T5D TO BE MORE EFFICI5T4 ,H[EV]1 SO LONG AS 9DIVIDUALS DID NOT EMPLOY O!RS1 HE HAD NO OBJECTION TO !M WORK+ ALONE4 

,?R\< ! CREATION ( ASSOCIATIONS ( LABOR :I* C\LD COORD9ATE WORK]'S ACTIVITIES1 ,BAKUN9 PROPOS$ ! SETT+ UP ( AN 9DU/RIAL ASSEMBLY 9 ORD] TO H>MONIZE PRODUCTION ) ! DEM& = PRODUCTS4 ,SU* AN ASSEMBLY W\LD BE NECESS>Y 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! M>KET4 ,SUPPLI$ ) /ATI/ICAL 9=MATION FROM ! V>I\S VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATIONS :I* W\LD BE F$]AT$1 PRODUCTION C\LD BE SPECIALIZ$ ON AN 9T]NATIONAL BASIS SO ?AT ?OSE C\NTRIES ) 9BUILT ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES W\LD PRODUCE MO/ EFFICI5TLY = ! G5]AL GOOD4 ,!N1 ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN91 WA/E1 ECONOMIC CRISIS & /AGNATION 0WILL NO LONG] PLAGUE MANK9D2 ! EMANCIPATION ( HUMAN LABOR WILL REG5]ATE ! WORLD40 

,TURN+ TO ! QUE/ION ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 ,BAKUN9 /RESS$ ?AT !Y %\LD ALL BE BUILT 9 SU* A WAY AS TO A*IEVE ORD] ?R\< ! REALIZATION ( FRE$OM ON ! BASIS ( ! F$]ATION ( VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ALL SU* POLITICAL BODIES P[] IS TO FL[ 0FROM ! BASE TO ! SUMMIT0 & FROM 0! CIRCUMF]5CE TO ! C5T]_/0 ,9 O!R WORDS1 SU* ORGANIZATIONS %\LD BE ! EXPRESSIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL & GR\P OP9IONS1 NOT DIRECT+ C5T]S :I* CONTROL PEOPLE4 

,ON ! BASIS ( F$]ALISM1 ,BAKUN9 PROPOS$ A MULTI-TI] SY/EM ( RESPONSIBILITY = DECISION MAK+ :I* W\LD BE B9D+ ON ALL P>TICIPANTS1 SO LONG AS !Y SUPPORT$ ! SY/EM4 ,?OSE 9DIVIDUALS1 GR\PS OR POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS :I* MADE UP ! TOTAL /RUCTURE W\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO SEC$E4 ,EA* P>TICIPAT+ UNIT W\LD HAVE AN ABSOLUTE RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION1 TO ASSOCIATE ) ! L>G] BODIES1 OR NOT4 ,/>T+ AT ! LOCAL LEVEL1 ,BAKUN9 SUGGE/$ AS ! BASIC POLITICAL UNIT1 ! COMPLETELY AUTONOM\S COMMUNE4 ,! COMMUNE1 ON ! BASIS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 W\LD ELECT ALL ( ITS FUNCTION>IES1 LAW MAK]S1 JUDGES1 & ADM9I/RATORS ( COMMUNAL PROP]TY4 

,! COMMUNE W\LD DECIDE ITS [N AFFAIRS BUT1 IF VOLUNT>ILY F$]AT$ TO ! NEXT TI] ( ADM9I/RATION1 ! PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY1 ITS CON/ITUTION MU/ CON=M TO ! PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! PROV9CE MU/ BE ACCEPT$ BY ! P>TICIPAT+ COMMUNES4 ,! PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY W\LD DEF9E ! RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS EXI/+ BETWE5 COMMUNES & PASS LAWS AFFECT+ ! PROV9CE AS A :OLE4 ,! COMPOSITION ( ! PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY W\LD BE DECID$ ON ! BASIS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 

,FUR!R LEVELS ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION W\LD BE ! NATIONAL BODY1 &1 ULTIMATELY1 ! 9T]NATIONAL ASSEMBLY4 ,AS REG>DS 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION1 ,BAKUN9 PROPOS$ ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO P]MAN5T >M$ =CES1 PREF]R+ 9/EAD1 ! CREATION ( LOCAL CITIZ5S' DEF5SE MILITIAS4 ,DISPUTES BETWE5 NATIONS & !IR PROV9CES W\LD BE SETTL$ BY AN 9T]NATIONAL ASSEMBLY4,?IS ASSEMBLY1 IF REQUIR$1 C\LD WAGE W> AGA9/ \TSIDE AGGRESSORS BUT %\LD A MEMB] NATION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ATTACK ANO!R MEMB]1 !N IT FACES EXPULSION & ! OPPOSITION ( ! F$]ATION AS A :OLE4 

,?US1 FROM ROOT TO BRAN*1 ,BAKUN9'S \TL9E = AN>*Y IS BAS$ UPON ! FREE F$]ATION ( P>TICIPANTS 9 ORD] TO MAXIMIZE 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE WELL BE+4 

,BAKUN9'S ,RELEVANCE ,TODAY 

,?R\<\T MO/ ( ?IS PAMPHLET ,BAKUN9 HAS BE5 ALL[$ TO SPEAK = HIMSELF & ANY VIEWS BY ! WRIT] ( ! PAMPHLET >E OBVI\S4 ,9 ?IS F9AL SECTION IT MI<T BE VALUABLE TO MAKE AN ASSESSM5T ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS & ACTIONS4 

,) ! DOM9ANCE ( ,M>XISM 9 ! WORLD LABOR & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 IT BECAME ! NORM TO DISMISS ,BAKUN9 AS MUDDLE-HEAD$ OR IRRELEVANT4 ,H[EV]1 DUR+ HIS LIFETIME HE WAS A MAJOR FIGURE :O GA9$ MU* S]I\S SUPPORT4 ,M>X WAS SO PRESSUR$ BY ,BAKUN9 & HIS SUPPORT]S ?AT HE HAD TO DE/ROY ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL BY DISPAT*+ IT TO ,NEW ,YORK4 ,9 ORD] ?AT IT %\LD NOT SUCCUMB TO ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>X KILL$ IT (F ?R\< A BUREAUCRATIC MANEUV]4 

,N[ ?AT ,M>XISM HAS BE5 S]I\SLY WEAK5$ FOLL[+ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R & ! EV] 9CREAS+LY OBVI\S CORRUPTION 9 ,*9A1 ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS & REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM HAVE NEW POSSIBILITIES4 ,IF AU?ORIT>IAN1 /ATE SOCIALISM HAS PROV$ TO BE A *ILD DEV\R+ MON/]1 !N LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ IDEAS ONCE AGA9 (F] A CR$IBLE ALT]NATIVE4 

,! 5DUR+ QUALITIES ( ,BAKUN9 & HIS SUCCESSORS >E MANY1 BUT S]I\S COMMITM5T TO ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE MU/ RANK HI<4 ,BAKUN9 WAS MU* MORE ( A DO] ?AN A WRIT]1 HE ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ACTUAL 9SURRECTIONS1 MU* TO ! TREPIDATION ( ,EUROPEAN HEADS ( /ATE4 ,?IS MILITANT TRADITION WAS CONT9U$ BY ,MALATE/A1 ,MAKHNO1 ,DURRUTI1 & MANY O!R ANONYM\S MILITANTS4 ,?OSE SO-CALL$ AN>*I/S :O ADOPT A GRADUALI/ APPROA* >E AN 9SULT TO ,AN>*ISM4 ,EI!R WE >E REVOLUTION>IES OR WE DEG5]ATE 9TO 9EFFECTIVE PASSIVISM4 

,BAKUN9 =ECA/ ! DANG]S ( /ATI/ SOCIALISM4 ,HIS PR$ICTIONS ( A MILIT>IZ$1 5SLAV$ SOCIETY DOM9AT$ BY A ,M>XI/ RUL+ CLASS CAME TO PASS 9 A WAY ?AT EV5 ,BAKUN9 C\LD NOT HAVE FULLY 5VISAG$4 ,L591 ,TROTSKY & ,/AL9 \T/RIPP$ EV5 ! ,CZ>S 9 !IR >ROGANCE & BRUTALITY4 ,&1 AFT] DECADES ( RE=MI/ SOCIALISM :I* HAVE FREQU5TLY =M$ GOV]NM5TS1 ,BAKUN9'S EVALUATIONS HAVE BE5 PROV$ CORRECT4 ,9 ,BRITA9 WE HAVE ! ULTIMATE 9SULT TO WORK+ PEOPLE 9 ! =M ( 0SOCIALI/ ,LORDS04 ,= S]VICES TO CAPITALISM1 ,LABOR ,M,P'S >E ULTIMATELY GRANT$ PROMOTION TO ! >I/OCRACY4 

,BAKUN9 F\<T = A SOCIETY BAS$ UPON JU/ICE1 EQUALITY & FRE$OM4 ,UNLIKE POLITICAL LEAD]S ( ! LEFT HE HAD GREAT FAI? 9 ! SPONTANE\S1 CREATIVE & REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,HIS BELIEFS & ACTIONS REFLECT ?IS APPROA*4 ,SO1 REVOLUTION>IES CAN LE>N MU* ( VALUE FROM HIS F$]ALISM1 HIS MILITANCY & HIS CONTEMPT = ! /ATE1 :I*1 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 HAS ASSUM$ GIGANTIC & DANG]\S PROPORTIONS1 ,BAKUN9 HAS MU* TO TEA* US BUT WE TOO MU/ DEVELOP \R IDEAS 9 ! FACE ( NEW *ALL5GES & OPPORTUNITIES4 ,WE MU/ RETA9 ! REVOLUTION>Y CORE ( HIS ?\<T YET MOVE =W>D4 ,SU* IS ! LEGACY ( ,BAKUN94 

,) ?IS 9 M9D1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION IS DEVELOP+ A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ DOCTR9E1 :I* :IL/ BE+ ULTIMATELY BAS$ ON ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS1 GOES MU* FUR!R TO SUIT ! DEM&S ( PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM4 ,ECOLOGICAL ISSUES1 QUE/IONS ( IMP]IALI/ DOM9ATION ( ! WORLD1 ! MASSIVE OPPRESSION ( WOM51 ! AUTOMATION ( 9DU/RY1 COMPUT]IZ$ TE*NOLOGY ETC4 >E ALL ISSUES ?AT HAVE TO BE TACKL$4 ,WE WELCOME ! *ALL5GE6 

,FUR!R ,READ+ 

,!RE >E TWO MA9 COMPILATIONS ( ,BAKUN9'S WORKS :I* >E QUITE READILY AVAILABLE ?R\< PUBLIC LIBR>IES4 ,!Y >E 0,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y0 $IT$ BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F & 0,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN90 $IT$ BY ,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F4 ,ALSO WOR? LOOK+ AT1 IF Y\ CAN GET HOLD ( !M >E 0,! ,BASIC ,BAKUN9 - ,WRIT+S #a#h#f#i-#a#h#g#a0 $IT$ BY ,ROB]T ,M4 ,CUTL] & 0,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 - ,FROM ,\T ( ! ,DU/B901 $IT$ BY ! SAME P]SON4 

,= AN UND]/&+ ( ! FULL PR(UNDITY ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS1 !RE IS NO?+ TO MAT* 0,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN90 BY ,RI*>D ,B ,SALTMAN4 ,?IS ,AM]ICAN PUBLICATION %\LD BE AVAILABLE ?R\< Y\R LOCAL LIBR>Y4 

,BAKUN9'S WORKS CURR5TLY AVAILABLE3 

,GOD & ! ,/ATE 

,M>XISM1 ,FRE$OM & ! ,/ATE 7$IT$ BY ,K4,J4 ,K5AFIK7 

,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,IDEA ( ! ,/ATE 

,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 7HEAVY GO+7 $4 ,M>%ALL ,%ATZ4 

,REPUBLI%$ FROM ! 7,BRITI%7 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION'S ORIG9AL PAMPHLET 9 #aiic BY ,P4,A4,C4 7,PAT]SON ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVE7 ,PUBLICATIONS4 ,?IS ELECTRONIC V]SION HAS ! EXTRA ,A,F TEXT ADD$ TO ! ,P,A,C V]SION1 = MORE COMPLET5ESS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bba 3 ,BASIC ,BAKUN9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,BASIC ,BAKUN9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/