,P>T #b 
,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALUNA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,A4,G4 ,S*W>Z 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T #b -- ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALUNA.<#d#g.> 

0,ALL HI/ORY WAS A PALIMPSE/1 SCRAP$ CLEAN & RE9SCRIB$ EXACTLY AS (T5 AS WAS NECESS>Y4 ,9 NO CASE W\LD IT HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE1 ONCE ! DE$ WAS DONE1 TO PROVE ?AT ANY FALSIFICATION HAD TAK5 PLACE40 

,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 #aihd 

0,OBSEQUIUM AMICOS1 V]ITAS ODIUM P>IT40 7,COMPLIANCE RAISES FRI5DS1 & TRU? BRE$S HATE47 

,T]5CE1 ,&RIA 

,P,[,] ,I,S ,9 ,! ,/,R,E,E,T,S 

,! REAL P[] ( DECISION & EXECUTION WAS 9 ! /REETS1 IT WAS ! P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 >MS1 & IT WAS EX]CIS$ BY ! LOCAL COMMITTEES1 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES & ! WORK]S CONTROL COMMITTEES1 SPONTANE\SLY EXPROPRIAT+ FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 BUILD+S & L&2 ORGANIZ+1 >M+ & TRANSPORT+ TO ! FRONT ! GR\PS ( VOLUNTE] MILITIAM5 ?AT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 RECRUIT$2 BURN+ *UR*ES OR CONV]T+ !M 9TO S*OOLS OR W>EH\SES2 =M+ PATROLS TO SPREAD ! SOCIAL W>2 MANN+ ! B>RICADES1 :I* W]E N[ CLASS FRONTI]S1 & :I* CONTROLL$ ALL TRAFFIC & MANIFE/$ ! P[] ( ! COMMITTEES2 RESUM+ PRODUCTION AT ! FACTORIES1 )\T EMPLOY]S OR MANAG]S1 OR CONV]T+ !M TO MILIT>Y PRODUCTION2 REQUISITION+ C>S & TRUCKS1 OR FOOD = ! SUPPLY COMMITTEE2 TAK+ B\RGEOISIE1 FASCI/S & PRIE/S 0= A RIDE02 REPLAC+ ! OBSOLETE REPUBLICAN MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5TS1 & IMPOS+ 9 EA* LOCALITY !IR ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY 9 ALL DOMA9S1 PAY+ NO ATT5TION TO ANY ORD]S FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT1 OR ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS 7,C,C,M,A74 

,ON ! NI<T ( ! #a#i? !RE WAS NO O!R REAL P[] BESIDES ?AT ( 0! F$]ATION ( ! B>RICADES01 & ?IS P[] HAD NO O!R IMM$IATE GOAL BESIDES ! DEFEAT ( ! REBELS4 ,! >MY & ! POLICE1 EI!R DISSOLV$ OR CONF9$ TO !IR B>RACKS1 DISAPPE>$ FROM ! /REETS AFT] ,JULY #b4 ,!Y W]E REPLAC$ BY ,POPUL> ,MILITIAS COMPOS$ ( >M$ WORK]S1 :O FRAT]NIZ$ ) ! DIS*>G$ SOLDI]S & CIVIL & ASSAULT GU>DS1 MANY ( !M 9 CIVILIAN CLO?+1 9 ONE VICTORI\S MASS1 :I* TRANS=M$ !M 9TO ! VANGU>D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION4 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 DUR+ ! FOLL[+ WEEK1 :ILE ! ,C,C,M,A WAS /ILL ONLY A PROVISIONAL P[]1 NEI<BORHOOD COMMITTEES.<#d#h.>1 AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! P[] ACQUIR$ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 COORD9AT$ !IR ACTIVITIES 9 AN AU!NTIC URBAN F$]ATION ?AT1 9 ! /REETS & ! FACTORIES1 EX]CIS$ ALL P[]1 9 EV]Y DOMA91 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY EFFECTIVE EX]CISE ( P[] BY ! MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5TS1 ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 OR ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! DOZ5S ( B>RICADES ]ECT$ 9 ,B>CELONA W]E /ILL MANN$ 9 ,OCTOB]1 CONTROLL+ VEHICUL> TRAFFIC & *ECK+ = ID5TIFICATION PAP]S & ! REQUISITE PASSES1 ISSU$ BY ! V>I\S COMMITTEES1 AS A MEANS ( CONSOLIDAT+1 DEF5D+ & CONTROLL+ ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 & ABOVE ALL AS A SYMBOL ( ! NEW P[] ( ! COMMITTEES4 

,! ,C,O,N,T,R,A,D,I,C,T,I,O,N,S ,( ,G,>,C,I,A ,O,L,I,V,] ,& ,/,A,T,E ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M 

,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! OBVI\S & NUM]\S CONTRADICTIONS ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 & ! D5SE SMOKESCRE5 ?AT HIS MEMOIRS CA/ OV] ! EV5TS ( ?IS P]IOD1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 HIS CONCEPTION ( ! ADAPTABILITY ( AB/RACT IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES TO ! PRESS+ NE$S ( MORE IMM$IATE POLITICAL TACTICS1 AS WELL AS HIS CONCEPTION ( ! NATURE ( LEAD]%IP 9 ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION4 

,H[ DO WE 9T]PRET ! FACT ?AT ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 9 ,EL ECO DE LOS PASOS1 9 HIS ACC\NT ( ! REGIONAL PL5UMS ( ! #b#a/ & ! #b#f? ( ,JULY1 CLAIMS HE SAID ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A WAS A LID.<#d#i.> ON ! REVOLUTION1 :ILE ON ,AUGU/ #c1 ONLY A WEEK LAT]1 HE CONSID]$ ! ,C,C,M,A TO BE ! BE/ GU>ANTEE ( ! PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION8.<#e.> ,H[ CAN WE RESOLVE ! P]MAN5T CONTRADICTION ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 BETWE5 :AT HE DID & :AT HE SAYS HE DID8 ,DID HE REALLY PROPOSE1 AT ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,JULY #b#a1 ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD SEIZE P[]8 

,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ( ,JULY #aicf WE MU/ COMP>E HIS ATTITUDE & HIS ACTIVITIES ( ?AT P]IOD ) HIS ATTITUDE & ACTIVITIES DUR+ ! ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN ( ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#f4 ,DUR+ ?IS ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN1 ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S NEV] EXPLICITLY TOLD ! WORK]S TO VOTE4 ,!Y CLAIM$ ?AT1 REG>DLESS ( ! \TCOME ( ! ELECTIONS1 A FEW MON?S LAT] AN >M$ CONFRONTATION WAS 9EVITABLE2 IF1 H[EV]1 ! WORK]S W]E TO VOTE = ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 BESIDES OBTA9+ ! RELEASE ( ?\S&S ( PRISON]S1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! >M$ CONFRONTATION W\LD ALSO BE MORE FAVORABLE = !M1 S9CE !Y W\LD B5EFIT FROM REPUBLICAN LEGALITY & REPUBLICAN CONTROL ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,!RE=E1 :AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I DID WAS MU* MORE ?AN TO R5\NCE !IR TRADITIONAL APPEAL = AB/5TION FROM VOT+ 9 ! ELECTIONS1 AS ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HIMSELF UNEQUIVOCALLY EXPLA9$3 0,W,E ,A,D,V,I,S,$ ,! ,W,O,R,K,+ ,C,L,A,S,S ,T,O ,D,O ,:,A,T,E,V,] ,!,Y ,?,\,<,T ,B,E,/ ,) ,R,E,S,P,E,C,T ,T,O ,V,O,T,+1 ,B,U,T ,W,E ,D,I,D ,T,E,L,L ,!,M ,?,A,T1 ,I,F ,!,Y ,D,I,D ,N,O,T ,V,O,T,E ,= ,! ,L,E,F,T1 ,O,N ,! ,D,A,Y ,A,F,T,] ,! ,E,L,E,C,T,I,O,N,S ,!,Y ,W,\,L,D ,H,A,V,E ,T,O ,C,O,N,F,R,O,N,T ,! ,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,R,I,<,T,I,/,S ,) ,>,M,S ,9 ,H,&4 ,:,I,L,E ,I,F ,!,Y ,V,O,T,$ ,= ,! ,L,E,F,T1 ,B,E,=,E ,S,I,X ,M,O,N,?,S ,H,A,D ,P,A,S,S,$ ,A,F,T,] ,! ,V,I,C,T,O,R,Y ,( ,! ,L,E,F,T ,W,E ,W,\,L,D ,H,A,V,E ,T,O ,C,O,N,T,R,O,N,T ,! ,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,R,I,<,T,I,/,S ,) ,>,M,S ,9 ,H,&4 ,NATURALLY1 ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,SPA91 :I* HAD = MANY YE>S BE5 ADVIS$ BY ! ,C,N,T NOT TO VOTE1 9T]PRET$ \R PROPAG&A 9 EXACTLY ! WAY WE WANT$ !M TO1 ?AT IS1 ?AT !Y %\LD VOTE1 S9CE IT W\LD ALWAYS BE BETT] TO CONFRONT ! FASCI/ RI<TI/S IF !Y W]E TO REVOLT AFT] BE+ DEFEAT$ 9 ! ELECTIONS & \/$ FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T40.<#e#a.> 

,WE NOTE ! CURI\S & CONTORT$ >GUM5T ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 :O1 )\T HIMSELF R5\NC+ ! AB/5TIONI/ PR9CIPLE1 ,9,D,I,R,E,C,T,L,Y ADVIS$ ! MILITANTS & SYMPA?IZ]S TO ABIDE BY ! TACTIC ?AT WAS MO/ B5EFICIAL = ! ,C,N,T'S ORGANIZATION BY VOT+4 ,?IS IS ! SAME P>ALLELISM ?AT WE HAVE TO APPLY 9 ORD] TO GRASP ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S SPEE* AT ! ,PL5UM ( ,JULY #b#a3 )\T HIMSELF R5\NC+ 0GO+ = BROKE01 HE 5C\RAG$ ! MILITANTS TO DRAW ! CONCLUSION ( H[ ABSURD & RIDICUL\S IT W\LD BE1 AT ?AT TIME1 TO IMPOSE AN 0AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP04.<#e#b.> 

,9 %ORT1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS CAPABLE ( MAK+ A SPEE* ?AT WAS =MALLY CONSI/5T ) ! SACROSANCT ACRATIC PR9CIPLES1 BUT SIMULTANE\SLY 9DUC$ ! MILITANT RANK & FILE TO *OOSE ! TACTIC ?AT HE CONSID]$ MO/ APPROPRIATE AT ! TIME1 H[EV] 9CONSI/5T IT WAS ) RESPECT TO ?OSE IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES4.<#e#c.> 

,?IS P]NICI\S & B>OQUE WAY ( EX]CIS+ LEAD]%IP & 0LEAD+ ! MASSES0 ALL[$ HIM TO 9DULGE MON?S LAT] 9 A K9D ( 0VICTIMISM01 BY :I* HE ATTRIBUT$ ! CATA/ROPHIC *OICE ( COLLABORATIONISM EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ,C,N,T RANK & FILE4 ,=TY YE>S LAT]1 ) ! HI/ORIANS UNABLE TO CONSULT ! M9UTES ( ! ,PL5UMS ( ! #b#a/ & ! #b#f? ( ,JULY1 :I* HAVE CONV5I5TLY DISAPPE>$1 :O W\LD D5Y ! CLAIM ( ! AU?OR ( ,EL ECO DE LOS PASOS ?AT HE PROPOS$ 0GO+ = BROKE01 OR EV5 ?AT LAT] HE UNWILL+LY ASSUM$ LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 OR ?AT HE W\LD LAT] RESI/ BE+ APPO9T$ AS AN>*I/ ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE UND] ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 OR ?AT1 V]Y MU* AGA9/ HIS WILL1 BUT = ! B5EFIT ( ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION1 HE P]=M$ ! NECESS>Y ROLE ( 0FIRE *IEF0 DUR+ ! ,EV5TS ( ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 & !N LAT] WAS ! FRU/RAT$ C&IDATE = ,*ANCELLOR ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 & !N A LONG ETCET]A ( CONTRADICTORY SELL\TS1 EA* ONE MORE SURREALI/IC ?AN ! LA/4 

,9 ANY EV5T1 NO ONE IS :AT HE SAYS HE IS1 BUT :AT HE REALLY DOES1 & :AT ! O!RS SAY HE IS4 ,& ?IS ALSO APPLIES TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]4 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS AN AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD] :O1 FROM HIS POSITION AS ! EFFECTIVE PRESID5T ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 SUFFOCAT$ ! REVOLUTION ( ! COMMITTEES1 :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVES ( !SE COMMITTEES SUP]S$$ ! DIRECTIVES ( ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION4 ,! COLLABORATIONISM ( ! ,C,N,T1 H[EV]1 DID NOT JU/ CONSI/ ( ! 5TRY ( A FEW ( ITS LEAD]S 9TO ! GOV]NM5T2 IT WAS ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS IMPLICAT$ 9 ! V>I\S LEVELS ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,& ?IS FACT WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! MORE ?AN DUBI\S POSITION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ,G>CIA ,OLIV] 9 FAVOR ( AN AMBIGU\S 0GO+ = BROKE04 ,! ,C,N,T LACK$ A PROGRAM & A TACTIC ?AT W\LD HAVE PREP>$ IT = ! SEIZURE ( P[]2 & ?AT IS :Y ITS LEAD]S DID NO?+ BUT IMPROVISE1 & S\<T TO COLLABORATE ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ =CES & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 DESPITE ! 0PROVISIONAL SETBACK0 ?IS IMPLI$ = !IR ANTI-/ATE PREJUDICES1 :I* L$ TO ! HYBRID ,C,C,M,A4 ,9 FACT1 IF ! ,C,N,T HAD SU* A PROGRAM & SU* A TACTIC IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 AN AN>*I/ TRADE UNION1 BUT A ,M>XI/ P>TY4 ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION & IDEOLOGY F\ND]$ ON ! ROCKS ( ! OP5LY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION ?AT >OSE FOLL[+ ! 9SURRECTIONAL VICTORY ( ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 

,& H]E WE RETURN TO \R ANALYSIS ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S IDEA ( LEAD]%IP 9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,NOT ALL ! MILITANTS W]E EQUAL1 NOR DID !IR OP9IONS1 OR PROPOSALS1 C>RY ! SAME WEI<T2 ONE ONLY NE$$ TO PAY HE$ & GIVE CONSID]ATION TO ! SPEE*ES ( ?OSE :O1 BE=E !Y M\NT$ ! PODIUM1 HAD RISK$ !IR LIVES & !IR LIB]TY = ! ORGANIZATION1 RA!R ?AN ?OSE :O HAD LIMIT$ !IR 9T]V5TION TO TALK4 ,?OSE :O HAD BECOME LEAD]S DID SO BY MEANS ( !IR D$ICATION & C\RAGE4 ,?IS LEAD]%IP ( 0! MAN ( ACTION0 &1 ON A SECOND>Y LEVEL1 ( ! 09TELLECTUALS01#h WAS AN 9TEGRAL ASPECT ( ! ,C,N,T1 AL?\< ?IS WAS NOT 5UNCIAT$ 9 ITS REGULATIONS & /ATUTES4 

,! !ORETICAL HORIZONTAL & EGALIT>IAN /RUCTURE ( ! ,C,N,T RAPIDLY DISAPPE>$1 IF IT HAD ACTUALLY EV] PREVAIL$ AT ! HI<E/ DECISION-MAK+ LEVELS4 ,! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES PROVID$ A SCRE5 = ! UPP] E*ELONS ( ! LEAD]%IP1 :I* DEBAT$ & DECID$ EV]Y?+ SECRETLY1 9 ITS [N 5VIRONM5T ( FRI5DS & ACQUA9TANCES4 ,! GREAT TRADE UNION ,PL5UMS ON A NATIONAL & REGIONAL SCALE1 ONLY S]V$ TO RATIFY ! RESOLUTIONS ALREADY MADE BY ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES1 & TO MAKE !M PUBLIC4 

,! ,C,N,T FUNCTION$ 9 A PYRAMIDAL & QUASI-,L59I/ MANN]1 9 :I* A SMALL VANGU>D DEBAT$ & DECID$ EV]Y?+1 & ?IS WAS ONLY MADE WORSE BY ! FACT ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = T5D5CIES TO =M )9 ! ORGANIZATION ?AT W]E CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ ) !IR [N PROGRAMS & LEAD]%IPS AGA9/ ! MAJORITY1 S9CE ! ,C,N,T WAS =MALLY A UNIT>Y & HORIZONTAL TRADE UNION ORGANIZATION4 

,! ,F,I,R,/ ,D,A,Y,S ,( ,! ,C,C,M,A 

,! FIR/ 9=MAL MEET+ ( ! ,C,C,M,A TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! EV5+ ( ! #b?1 = 9=MATIONAL & PREP>ATORY PURPOSES1 ONCE ! ,C,N,T DELEGATION HAD OBTA9$ ! PROVISIONAL CONS5T ( ! ,JO9T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,REPRES5T+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT & ! ,],C W]E ,JOSEP ,T>RADELLAS1 ,>TEMI ,AGUADE & ,JAUME ,MIRAVITLLES2 = ! ,UNIO ,SOCIALI/A1 ,COMOR]A2 = ! ,U,G,T1 ,VIDIELLA3 ,PEYPO* = ,ACCIO ,CATALANA2 ,GORK9 = ! ,P,\,M2 & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI1 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ REPRES5T$ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 

,T>RADELLAS PROPOS$ ! EXCLUSION ( ,E/AT ,CATALA1 AS HE CONSID]$ IT TO BE A RI<T W+ ORGANIZATION1 S9CE ITS LEAD] ,D5CAS WAS A FASCI/ :O HAD TAK5 REFUGE 9 ,ITALY4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] PROPOS$ A REPRES5TATIONAL S*EME = P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,C,C,M,A3 ?REE PO/S = ! ,C,N,T1 ?REE = ! ,U,G,T1 & ?REE = ! ,],C2 TWO = ! ,F,A,I1 & ONE = EA* ( ! FOLL[+ ORGANIZATIONS3 ,ACCIO ,CATALANA1 ,P,\,M1 ! SOCIALI/S1 & ! ,RABASSAIRES4 ,ON ?AT SAME NI<T ! DECREE CONC]N+ ! =MATION ( ,CITIZ5 ,MILITIAS WAS S5T TO BE PR9T$ 9 ! ,(FICIAL ,BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ ON ! FOLL[+ DAY4 ,9 ?IS DECREE1 ,LLUIS ,PRUNES WAS NAM$ ,M9I/] ( ,DEF5SE BY ,COMPANYS1 & ,P]EZ ,F>RAS WAS APPO9T$ *IEF ( ! MILITIAS4 ,! MILITIAS W]E AN 9/ITUTION ?AT ASSUM$ ! RESPONSIBILITY = ,DEF5SE1 )\T ANY P>TICIPATION FROM ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 :I* LACK$ ANY PRES5CE 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4.<#e#d.> 

,ON ,JULY #ba AT ELEV5 9 ! MORN+1 AT ! ,NAVAL ,S*OOL1 ! FIR/ (FICIAL MEET+ ( ! ,C,C,M,A TOOK PLACE1 :]E ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 IGNOR+ ! PUBLI%$ DECREE & ! DELEGATES NAM$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT1 SUBMITT$ = DEBATE & APPROVAL HIS PROJECT = ! CON/ITUTION ( A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ?AT W\LD IMPOSE A NEW 0REVOLUTION>Y ORD]04 ,! ,C,N,T HAD R5\NC$ ANY 9T5TION ( SEIZ+ P[]1 BUT IT WAS NOT READY TO BECOME A SIMPLE BIT PLAY] 9 ! ,G5]ALITAT & ?US R5\NCE ITS >M$ VICTORY 9 ! /REETS1 :I* ! RANK & FILE MILITANTS W\LD NEV] HAVE TOL]AT$4 ,AFT] A DEBATE 9 :I* ,>TEMI ,AGUADE >GU$ AGA9/ ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S IDEA ( ! CONCEPT ( 0REVOLUTION>Y ORD]01 ! ,C,C,M,A WAS (FICIALLY F\ND$4 ,! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS EX]CIS$ DE FACTO BY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]4 ,! DELEGATES AT ! MEET+.<#e#e.> APPROV$ ! FOLL[+ TEXT1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ AS A ,DECREE3 

0,! ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALUNA HAV+ BE5 CON/ITUT$1 ?IS 9/ITUTION1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,DECREE PUBLI%$ BY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALUNA 9 TODAY'S ,(FICIAL ,BULLET91 HAS APPROV$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTIONS1 ) :I* ALL CITIZ5S MU/ COMPLY3 

0#a4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ORD] IS E/ABLI%$1 :I* ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS REPRES5T$ ON ! ,COMMITTEE >E PL$G$ TO UPHOLD4 

0#b4 ,= CONTROL & SECURITY1 ! ,COMMITTEE HAS APPO9T$ ! NECESS>Y SQUADS = ! PURPOSE ( 5SUR+ RIGOR\S COMPLIANCE ) ITS ORD]S4 ,T[>DS ?IS 5D1 ! SQUADS WILL BE> ! CORRESPOND+ CR$5TIALS ?AT WILL ID5TIFY !IR P]SONNEL4 

0#c4 ,!SE SQUADS WILL BE ! ONLY ONES ACCR$IT$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE4 ,ANY O!R P]SONS OR GR\PS ?AT ACT \TSIDE ! PURVIEW ( !SE SQUADS WILL BE CONSID]$ TO BE REBELS & WILL SUFF] ! PUNI%M5TS ?AT ! ,COMMITTEE CONSID]S APPROPRIATE4 

0#d4 ,! NI<T SQUADS WILL BE ESPECIALLY /RICT ) REG>D TO ?OSE :O DISRUPT ! REVOLUTION>Y ORD]4 

0#e4 ,BETWE5 ONE & FIVE 9 ! MORN+ TRAFFIC WILL BE RE/RICT$ TO ! FOLL[+ ELEM5TS3 A7 ALL ?OSE ) CR$5TIALS PROV+ ?AT !Y >E MEMB]S ( ANY ( ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,MILITIAS2 B7 ?OSE P]SONS :O >E ACCOMPANI$ BY ANY ( ! ABOVE ELEM5TS :O WILL V\* = !IR MORAL *>ACT]2 C7 ,?OSE :O CAN PROVE ?AT !Y HAD TO LEAVE !IR HOMES = REASONS ( =CE MAJEURE4 

0#f4 ,= ! PURPOSE ( RECRUIT+ ELEM5TS = ! ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS1 ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMITTEE >E AU?ORIZ$ TO OP5 CORRESPOND+ RECRUITM5T & TRA9+ FACILITIES4 ,! CONDITIONS REG>D+ ?IS RECRUITM5T WILL BE SET =? 9 DETAIL 9 9T]NAL REGULATIONS4 

0#g4 ,! ,COMMITTEE HOPES ?AT1 GIV5 ! NE$ TO CON/RUCT A REVOLUTION>Y ORD] TO CONFRONT ! FASCI/ GR\PS1 IT WILL NOT HAVE TO RESORT TO DISCIPL9>Y MEASURES 9 ORD] TO 5=CE OB$I5CE4 

0,! ,COMMITTEE40.<#e#f.> 

,! DECREE =M+ ! ,C,C,M,A WAS !RE=E NO?+ EXTRAORD9>Y1 & WAS PRIM>ILY ORI5T$ T[>DS MEASURES TO 5SURE PUBLIC ORD]4 ,! T]M1 0REVOLUTION>Y ORD]0 DOES NOT ALL[ US TO S]I\SLY SPEAK ( ANY?+ LIKE DUAL P[]1 AS SOME HI/ORIANS HAVE4 ,NOR DID ! CONTEMPOR>Y PRESS EMPHASIZE ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A AS ANY?+ EXTRAORD9>Y1 NOR DID IT AT ANY TIME VIEW ! ,C,C,M,A AS A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ?AT WAS A RIVAL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! ,G5]ALITAT1 = ITS P>T1 CONT9U$ TO LEAD A PHANTOM EXI/5CE1 ASSUM+ RESPONSIBILITY = ! SECOND>Y TASKS ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A DELEGAT$ TO IT1 & ITS AU?ORITY WAS PRACTICALLY LIMIT$ TO PUBLI%+ ! ,(FICIAL ,BULLET94 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 HAV+ BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO REVOLUTION>Y NEI<BORHOOD COMMITTEES1 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY DIRECTIVES FROM ANY ORGANIZATION & )\T ANY O!R COORD9ATION ?AN WAS REQUIR$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVES ( EA* MOM5T1 ORGANIZ$ ! HOSPITALS1 OV]:ELM$ BY AN AVALAN*E ( W\ND$1 ORGANIZ$ POPUL> KIT*5S1 REQUISITION$ C>S1 TRUCKS1 WEAPONS1 FACTORIES & BUILD+S1 SE>*$ PRIVATE HOMES & >RE/$ SUSPECTS1 & CREAT$ A NETWORK ( SUPPLY COMMITTEES 9 EA* NEI<BORHOOD1 :I* W]E COORD9AT$ 9 A ,SUPPLY ,COMMITTEE = ! 5TIRE CITY1 9 :I* ! ,FOOD ,SUPPLY ,TRADE ,UNION PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT ROLE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y CONTAGION AFFECT$ ALL SOCIAL SECTORS & ALL ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W]E S9C]ELY SYMPA!TIC TO ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,?IS CON/ITUT$ ! ONLY REAL P[] ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 :I* APPE>$ TO ! PEOPLE 9 >MS AS ! ANTIFASCI/ 9/ITUTION ?AT MU/ CONDUCT ! W> & IMPOSE ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y ORD]4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 H[ A ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEES HAD ON ,JULY #ba R5\NC$ ! SEIZURE ( P[]1 UND]/OOD AS A DICTATOR%IP ( ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S RA!R ?AN AS ! IMPOSITION1 COORD9ATION & EXT5SION ( ! P[] ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES W]E ALREADY EX]CIS+ 9 ! /REETS4 ,ON ! #b#cRD A SECRET JO9T PL5UM ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I CLOS$ RANKS >\ND ! DECISION MADE TO COLLABORATE 9 ! ,C,C,M,A1 & TO PREP>E TO OV]COME ! RESI/ANCE ( ! MILITANTS AT ! UPCOM+ ,PL5UM ON ! #b#f?4 ,ON ?AT SAME DAY ,G>CIA ,OLIV] BROADCA/ A SPEE* DIRECT$ AT ! WORK]S ( ,Z>AGOZA1 CALL+ UPON !M TO GO 9TO ! /REETS & LET !MSELVES BE KILL$ BY ! FASCI/S4.<#e#g.> ,AT A B> ACROSS FROM ! ,P9O *UR*1 ! ,UNIFI$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7,P,S,U,C7 WAS =M$1 AS A M]G] ( F\R SMALL SOCIALI/ & ,/AL9I/ GR\PS4 

,WE HAVE ALSO SE5 H[1 ON ! #b#d?1 ! FIR/ TWO AN>*I/ COLUMNS DEP>T$ = ! FRONT UND] ! COMM& ( ,DURRUTI & ,ORTIZ4 ,DURRUTI BROADCA/ A SPEE* OV] ! RADIO 9 :I* HE W>N$ HIS LI/5]S ( ! NE$ TO BE VIGILANT AGA9/ A POSSIBLE C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y C\P4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ,B>CELONA HAD TO BE CONSOLIDAT$1 9 ORD] TO 0GO = BROKE0 AFT] ! CAPTURE ( ,Z>AGOZA4 

,ON ,JULY #be ,COMPANYS APPE>$ AT ! ,NAVAL ,S*OOL TO ACCUSE ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C,C,M,A ( BE+ 9EFFECTIVE 9 ASSUR+ PUBLIC ORD]1 9 ! FACE ( ! 9DIFF]5CE ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV] :O DISMISS$ HIM 9 A ?REAT5+ MANN]4 

,ON ! #b#f? ( ,JULY1 ! DEF9ITIVE COLLABORATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! ,C,C,M,A WAS RATIFI$ ?AT MORN+ AT ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM1 A DECISION ?AT HAD ALREADY BE5 APPROV$ BY ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 !IR DEBATE ON ! #b#cRD & AT ! PREVI\S ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM HELD ON ! #b#a/4 

,! ,PL5UM ( ! #b#f?UNANIM\SLY CONFIRM$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD MA9TA9 ! SAME POSITION APPROV$ ALREADY ON ! #b#a/ ( ,JULY TO P>TICIPATE 9 ?IS NEW 9/ITUTION ( CLASS COLLABORATION KN[N AS ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,?IS SAME PL5UM ( ! #b#f? CREAT$ A ,SUPPLY ,COMMISSION1 DEP5D5T ON ! ,C,C,M,A1 TO :I* ! V>I\S SUPPLY COMMITTEES ?AT HAD EM]G$ ALL OV] ! CITY W]E ORD]$ TO SUBMIT1.<#e#h.> & AT ! SAME TIME ORD]$ A P>TIAL T]M9ATION ( ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,! SUMM>Y ( ! MA9 RESOLUTIONS APPROV$ AT ?IS ,PL5UM WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! =M ( A ,DECREE1.<#e#i.> 9 ORD] TO 5SURE ?AT !Y W]E UND]/OOD & OBS]V$4 ,! ,C,C,M,A MET ON ! EV5+ ( ! #b#f? TO CREATE A FL[ *>T & S*EMATIC ( V>I\S DEP>TM5TS3 ,W>1 ,MILITIAS ( ,B>CELONA1 ,REGIONAL ,MILITIAS1 ,SUPPLY ,COMMISSION1 ,PROPAG&A1 ,AU?ORIZATIONS & ,P]MITS1 ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 ,MILIT>Y ,HOSPITALS1 ,TRANSPORT & ,SUBSIDIES4 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS 9 *>GE ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W>4 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN WAS RESPONSIBLE = SUPPLY+ ! MILITIAS1 ASSI/$ BY ,MIRET & ,PONS4 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ WAS NAM$ *IEF ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,9VE/IGATION1 OR1 :I* AM\NTS TO ! SAME ?+1 ! REAL *IEF ( ! REVOLUTION>Y POLICE1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,JOSE ,AS5S & ,TOMAS ,FABREGAS 7,ACCIO ,CATALANA71 :O L$ ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS4 ,M>COS ,ALCON 7:O REPLAC$ ,DURRUTI7 WAS RESPONSIBLE = ! ,TRANSPORT SECTION1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,DURAN ,ROSELL 7:O REPLAC$ ,ANTONIO ,LOPEZ ,RAIMUNDO1 :O WAS KILL$ ON ! FRONT AT ,HUESCA71 FROM ! ,U,G,T4 ,JOSEP ,MIRET 7,UNIO ,SOCIALI/A1 LAT] TO M]GE ) ! ,P,S,U,C7 & ,JOAN ,PONS 7,],C7 W]E 9 *>GE ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,REGIONAL ,MILITIAS4 ,MIRAVITLLES 7,],C7 WAS MADE LEAD] ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,PROPAG&A & ,TORR5TS 7,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES7 WAS APPO9T$ HEAD ( ! ,SUPPLY ,COMMISSION4 ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA 7REPLAC+ ,JOSE DEL ,B>RIO1 ! DELEGATE ( ! ,C>LOS ,M>X ,COLUMN7 WAS ALSO APPO9T$ TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,9VE/IGATION1 :I* WAS L$ BY ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ4 ,JOAN ,PONS ,G>L&I 7,],C7 WAS NAM$ TO HEAD ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,AU?ORIZATIONS & ,P]MITS 7PASSPORTS74 ,>TEMI ,AGUADE 7,],C7 L$ ! ,W> ,HOSPITALS DEP>TM5T4 ,JOSEP ,T>RADELLAS WAS APPO9T$ TO HEAD ! DECISIVE DEP>TM5T ( ! ,ECONOMY & ,W> ,9DU/RIES4 ,! BRO!RS ,GU>N]1 ,DIAZ ,S&9O & ,P]EZ ,F>RAS W]E NAM$ AS MILIT>Y ADVIS]S4 ,LLUIS ,PRUNES1 ,M9I/] ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 SOON RESIGN$ FROM HIS O/5SIBLE BUT SC>CELY EFFECTIVE POSITION 7:I* WAS NOT RECOGNIZ$7 AS PRESID5T ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,! DOM9ANCE ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & HIS CLA%ES ) ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT W]E CON/ANT FEATURES ( ! ,C,C,M,A UNTIL ITS DISSOLUTION1 AL?\< !Y DIM9I%$ 9 9T5SITY1 IMPORTANCE & 9T]E/ ) EA* PASS+ WEEK1 BO? BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT ,G>CIA ,OLIV] LO/ ! SUPPORT ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 & BECAUSE ( ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! ,C,C,M,A & ! V]Y E>LY SECRET DECISION ( ! ,C,N,T TO DISSOLVE IT4 ,! MO/ S]I\S CONFRONTATION WAS UND\BT$LY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S VETO ( ! ,CASANOVAS GOV]NM5T1 PROPOS$ BY ,COMPANYS ON ,JULY #c#a1 #a#i#c#f1 9 :I* TWO ,P,S,U,C ,M9I/]S W]E ADMITT$3 ,JOAN ,COMOR]A & ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA1 & ONE FROM ! ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES3 ,JOSEP ,CALVET4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S ULTIMATUM1 :I* 9CLUD$ A ?REAT TO OV]?R[ ! ,G5]ALITAT1 BECAUSE HE SAW ! NEW GOV]NM5T AS AN ATTACK AGA9/ ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 5D$ ) ,COMPANYS REL5T+ & MODIFY+ ! COMPOSITION ( ! GOV]NM5T 7N[ ) ONLY REPUBLICANS7 JU/ A FEW DAYS AFT] HAV+ PUBLI%$ ! DECREE ( ITS CON/ITUTION4 

,! POSITION ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES.<#f.> ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS 9COH]5T1 UNSU/A9ABLE & CONTRADICTORY4 ,!IR IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES PREV5T$ !M FROM 5T]+ ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 BUT !Y DID NOT WANT ?AT GOV]NM5T TO POSE A ?REAT TO ! ,C,C,M,A1 EI!R1 & ?US S\<T TO KEEP ! GOV]NM5T SUBJECT TO AN 9/ITUTION ?AT WAS NOT1 & DID NOT WANT TO BE1 A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ?AT WAS AN ALT]NATIVE TO ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! ,C,C,M,A DID NOT HOLD ALL P[] 9 ITS H&S1 NOR DID IT WANT TO LEAVE ALL P[] 9 ! H&S ( ANYONE ELSE4 ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S WANT$ TO CONSOLIDATE ! EXI/+ REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,IF ?IS HAS BE5 CALL$ DUAL P[] IT IS ONLY BECAUSE !RE WAS NO UND]/&+ ( ! FACT ?AT DUAL P[] 5TAILS A F]OCI\S & M]CILESS /RUGGLE1 C>RI$ \T BETWE5 TWO OPPOS$ POLES1 TO DE/ROY ! RIVAL P[]4.<#f#a.> ,9 ! CASE ( ,CATALUNA IT WAS MORE APPROPRIATE TO SPEAK ( A DUPLICATION & COMPLEM5T>ITY ( P[]S DIVID$ AMONG V>I\S M9I/RIES ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,C,C,M,A1 :I* OCCASIONALLY PROV$ TO BE PROBLEMATIC1 9EFFECTIVE & IRRITAT+ = EV]YONE 9VOLV$4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S ?REAT AGA9/ ! =MATION ( ! ,CASANOVAS GOV]NM5T HAD NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO PRES]VE ?IS DUPLICATION ( P[]S4 ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! TASKS ( ! GOV]NM5T BY WAY ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS UNSATISFACTORY4 ,BUT NO ONE D>$ TO PROPOSE TO ! >M$ MASSES ( LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS ?AT ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S %\LD DIRECTLY 5T] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:5 REALITY CLA%ES ) PR9CIPLES1 IT IS ! LATT] ?AT USUALLY HAVE TO GIVE WAY4 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! ,C,C,M,A CREAT$ ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,UNIFI$ ,NEW ,S*OOL 7,JULY #b#g1 #a#i#c#f71 ! ,COMMISSION ( ,W> ,9DU/RIES 7,AUGU/ #g1 #a#i#c#f71 ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS 7,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#c#f7 & ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY 7,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#c#f74 ,!RE WAS A T5D5CY UND]WAY T[>DS AN EXCLUSIVELY MILIT>Y SPECIALIZATION ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,9 REALITY :AT WAS TAK+ PLACE WAS A PROCESS ( 9TEGRATION ( ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVES 9TO ! GOV]NM5T MA*9]Y4 ,ALL !SE MIX$ COMMISSIONS HAD A HI< DEGREE ( AUTONOMY & 9DEP5D5T P[] ( DECISION1 BESIDES C\NT+ ON A NOTABLE WORK+ CLASS PRES5CE1 EV5 AT ! PRESID5CY & ! LEAD]%IP LEVELS1 BUT !Y W]E ALWAYS ORGANICALLY EMB$D$ 9 ! V>I\S DEP>TM5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :I* WAS BEG9N+ TO ACQUIRE PRE/IGE1 PRES5CE & PORTIONS ( P[]1 TO ! P]MAN5T DETRIM5T ( ! ,C,C,M,A & ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES4 ,! MO/ NOTABLE CASE WAS ?AT ( ! ,COMMISSION ( ,W> ,9DU/RIES1 9 :I* ,T>RADELLAS WAS ABLE TO =M A TEAM ( PR(ESSIONAL TE*NICIANS1 SU* AS ,COLONEL ,JIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA1 ! ,HEAD ( ! ,AIR ,=CE ,MIGUEL ,RAMIREZ & ! ,>TILL]Y ,CAPTA9 ,LUIS ,>IZON1 :O1 TOGE!R ) HI<LY SKILL$ WORK]S1 SU* AS ! METAL WORK] ,EUG5IO ,VALLEJO1.<#f#b.> A PIONE] 9 CREAT+ AN 9CIPI5T W> 9DU/RY AFT] ,JULY #b1 :O BR\<T ! COLLABORATION & 5?USIASM ( ! V>I\S TRADE UNIONS & COMMITTEES1 & SUCCESSFULLY CREAT$ A W> 9DU/RY FROM ABSOLUTELY NO?+1 :I* ATTA9$ SIGNIFICANT PRODUCTION LEVELS 9 ONLY A FEW MON?S4 

,! ,C,\,N,C,I,L ,( ,! ,E,C,O,N,O,M,Y 

,! PURPOSE ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY WAS TO 0PROVIDE A SUITABLE /RUCTURE = & NORMALIZE ! FUNCTION+ ( ! ,CATALAN ECONOMY01 AS ! ,DECREE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ?AT RATIFI$ ITS CREATION /AT$ ON ,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#c#f4 ,IT WAS AN 9/ITUTION ( CLASS COLLABORATION BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T ANTIFASCI/ =CES ?AT COMPOS$ ! ,C,C,M,A1 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION DOM9AT$ BY ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y HEGEMONY ( ! ,C,N,T1 & ITS GOAL WAS TO *ANNEL1 CONTROL1 REGULATE & NEUTRALIZE1 OR M9IMIZE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 ! ME?ODICAL EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WAS C>RY+ \T4 ,IT WAS ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ! C\NT]REVOLUTION TO RECOV] ! FUNCTIONS LO/ BY ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 FIR/ TRANS=M+ ! EXPROPRIATIONS 9TO COLLECTIVIZATIONS1 :I* W]E NO?+ MORE ?AN APPROPRIATIONS ( ! 5T]PRISES BY !IR WORK]S1 REFLECT+ A K9D ( 0TRADE UNION CAPITALISM01.<#f#c.> & F9ALLY E/ABLI%$ RIGID CONTROL OV] ! ,CATALAN ECONOMY1 :I* WAS PLANN$1 C5TRALIZ$ & DIRECT$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,9 ?IS MANN] A P>ALLEL EVOLUTION WAS UND]WAY1 ( A LEGISLATIVE *>ACT]1 BUT ALSO ONE ?AT IMPOS$ EFFECTIVE CONTROL OV] ! 5T]PRISES BY ! ,G5]ALITAT :I*1 />T+ ) ! ,PLAN ( ,SOCIALI/ ,TRANS=MATION 7,AUGU/ #a#g1 #a#i#c#f71 CONCLUD$ ) ! ,DECREE ON ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS & ,WORK]S ,CONTROL 7,OCTOB] #b#d1 #a#i#c#f71 :I* IMPOS$ AN 9SPECTOR APPO9T$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT ON ! COLLECTIVIZ$ 5T]PRISES4 ,! EXPLANATION ( ! ,COLLECTIVIZATION ,DECREE1 & ITS PUBLIC 9TRODUCTION & IMPOSITION ON ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! ,CONF]5CE ON ! ,NEW ,ECONOMY ON ,DECEMB] #e-#f ( #a#i#c#f1 AL?\< PRES5T$ AS A K9D ( WORK+ CLASS ASSEMBLY ) DECISION-MAK+ P[]S1 NO?+ C\LD HAVE BE5 FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4 

,! MU*-MY?OLOGIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! COLLECTIVES NEV] W5T BEYOND A CAPITALISM ( TRADE UNION MANAGEM5T & /ATE PLANN+1 AGA9/ :I* ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S ( ,B>CELONA F\<T 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#g1 9 FAVOR ( ! ALT]NATIVE ( SOCIALIZATION4 

,! ,C,O,N,T,R,O,L ,P,A,T,R,O,L,S 

,ALREADY DUR+ ! WEEKS PRIOR TO ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P HAD ORGANIZ$ SOME REQUISITION PATROLS1 :I* HAD BE5 RECONNOIT]+ ! *UR*ES TO PREP>E = !IR PLUND]+1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 MONEY1 PRECI\S METALS & >TWORKS ) :I* WEAPONS C\LD BE B\<T FROM =EIGN C\NTRIES4.<#f#d.> 

,!SE REQUISITION PATROLS W5T 9TO ACTION ON ,JULY #ai & 5GAG$ 9 FR5ETIC ACTIVITY DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW WEEKS4 ,! ATOMIZATION ( P[]1 ! CONF9EM5T ( ! =CES ( PUBLIC ORD] TO !IR B>RACKS1 & ! ABS5CE ( CONTROL & COORD9ATION ON ! P>T ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 CAUS$ ,B>CELONA TO EXP]I5CE A WAVE ( LOOT+ & T]ROR1 AS A NATURAL CONT9UATION ( ! /REET BATTLES AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+4 ,IT WAS A K9D ( EXT5SION ( ! SOCIAL W> 9 :I* PRIE/S1 B\RGEOISIE & RI<TI/S W]E 5EMIES TO BE HUNT$ D[N & KILL$ BY PATROLS ( >M$ M51 SUBJECT TO NO AU?ORITY1 :O DEF5D$ !MSELVES FROM ATTACKS FROM SNIP]S = A :OLE WEEK4 ,ON ,JULY #bh ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I PUBLI%$ A S]I\S W>N+ ?AT ALL DI/URB]S ( ! PUBLIC ORD] :O TOOK JU/ICE 9TO !IR [N H&S W\LD BE %OT4 ,& SOME \T/&+ MILITANTS W]E 9 FACT %OT1.<#f#e.> ALONG ) V>I\S CRIM9ALS & OPPORTUNI/S4 ,9 ORD] TO QUELL ?IS SOCIAL DISORD] ! ,C,C,M,A CREAT$ ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 CONCEIV$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y POLICE =CE1 ON ,AUGU/ #a#a4 

,! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS LA/$ MU* LONG] ?AN ! ,C,C,M,A1 AS !Y W]E NOT DISSOLV$ UNTIL E>LY ,JUNE #a#i#c#g1 %ORTLY AFT] ! EV5TS KN[N AS 0! ,MAY ,DAYS0 ( #a#i#c#g4 

,!Y W]E =M$ 9TO ELEV5 SECTIONS1 DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ALL ! NEI<BORHOODS ( ,B>CELONA4 ,AT FIR/ !Y HAD A TOTAL ( SEV5 HUNDR$ M51 PLUS ELEV5 COMM&+ (FIC]S1 ONE = EA* SECTION4 ,!Y WORE UNI=MS COMPOS$ ( A LEA!R JACKET ) ZIPP]1 CORDUROY PANTS1 MILITIA CAP & A BLACK & R$ B&ANNA1 !Y C>RI$ ID5TIFICATION C>DS1 & !Y W]E >M$4 ,SOME ( !M CAME FROM ! REQUISITION PATROLS & O!RS FROM ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 AL?\< MANY ( ! LATT] PROV$ TO BE RELUCTANT TO ACT AS 0POLICE0 = IDEOLOGICAL REASONS1 :I* ALL[$ NEW1 UNRELIABLE ELEM5TS TO 5T] ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ONLY HALF ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PATROLS W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T1 OR ! ,F,A,I2 ! O!R HALF W]E MEMB]S ( ! O!R ORGANIZATIONS ?AT =M$ ! ,C,C,M,A3 ,P,\,M1 ,],C & ,P,S,U,C1 = ! MO/ P>T4 

,! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS W]E UND] ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9VE/IGATION ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 L$ BY ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ 7,F,A,I7 & ,SALVADOR ,GONZALEZ 7,P,S,U,C71 :O REPLAC$ ,VIDIELLA4 ,! C5TRAL (FICE ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9VE/IGATION WAS AT ,NUMB] #fag ,GRAN ,VIA1 :]E ! TWO DELEGATES ( ! ,PATROLS1 ,JOSE ,AS5S 7,F,A,I7 & ,TOMAS ,FABREGAS 7,ACCIO ,CATALANA7 W]E BAS$4 ,! ,PATROLM5'S WAGES1 T5 PESETAS A DAY1 W]E PAID BY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,AL?\< ALL ! SECTIONS MADE >RE/S1 & SOME ( ?OSE >RE/$ W]E 9T]ROGAT$ AT ! OLD ,CASA ,CAMBO1 ! C5TRAL PRISON WAS LOCAT$ 9 ! =M] CONV5T ( ! ,NUNS ( ,SAN ,ELIAS4 ,! W>D5 ( ! PRISON WAS ,SILVIO ,TORR5TS 0,>IAS0 7,F,A,I71 ! DELEGATE ( ! C5TRAL (FICE ( ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS4 ,A TRIBUNAL WAS CON/ITUT$ AT ,SAN ,ELIAS1 CREAT$ BY ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS !MSELVES1 )\T ! =MAL CONS5T ( ANY ORGANIZATION1 :OSE MISSION WAS TO JUDGE ! DETA9EES AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,?IS TRIBUNAL WAS COMPOS$ ( ! ,PATROL MEMB]S ,RI]A1 ! BRO!RS ,>IAS1 ,AUBI & ,BONET1 ( ! ,F,A,I2 ,AFRICA DE LAS ,H]AS & ,SALVADOR ,GONZALEZ ( ! ,P,S,U,C2 ,COLL FROM ! ,],C & ,B>CELO FROM ! ,P,\,M4 ,! OP]ATIONS ( ?IS TRIBUNAL W]E TOTALLY 9DEP5D5T ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 ANY O!R ORGANIZATION & ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,IT WAS L$ BY ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA1 ,VIC5TE ,GIL 70,PORTELA071 ,DIONISIO ,]OLES & ,JOSE ,AS5S4 ,! DETA9EES W]E 9T]ROGAT$ SUMM>ILY1 )\T ANY JUDICIAL SAFEGU>DS ( ANY K9D4 

,! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS 9CLUD$1 AT ! TIME ( !IR F\ND+1 ! FOLL[+ SECTIONS3 ! ,FIR/1 OR ,CASCO ,VIEJO1 AT ,NUMB] #ca ,AN*A ,/REET1 UND] DELEGATE ,MIGUEL ,LA/]2 ! ,SECOND1 AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ,>AGON & ,MUNTAN] ,/REETS 7,NUMB] #ahb ,>AGON ,/REET74 ,! ,?IRD1 COV]+ ,B>CELONETA & ! ,E/ACION DEL ,NORTE4 ,! ,F\R? 9CLUD$ ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,POBLE ,SEC & ,CAN ,TUNIS4 ,! ,FIF?1 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,SANTS & ,HO/AFRANCS1 ITS HEADQU>T]S LOCAT$ AT ! ,ORFEO DE ,SANTS ON ,GALILEO ,/REET--ITS DELEGATE WAS 0,M>IO0 7,F,A,I72 ! ,SIX?1 ! UPP] CLASS DI/RICTS ( ,BONANOVA & ,P$RALBES1 ) ITS HEADQU>T]S ON ,MUNTAN] ,/REET2 ,! ,SEV5?1 ! ,GRACIA & ,SAN ,G]VASIO NEI<BORHOODS1 ) ITS HEADQU>T]S ON ,BALMES ,/REET2 ! ,EI<?1 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD ( ,EL ,CLOT--ITS DELEGATE WAS ,OLIV] 7,F,A,I72 ! ,N9?1 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD ( ,SAN ,&RES & ITS DELEGATE W5T BY ! NAME ( ,P]EZ 7,F,A,I72 ! ,T5?1 ,HORTA2 ! ,ELEV5?1 ) ITS HEADQU>T]S AT ! ,AT5EO ,COLON1 AT ,NUMB] #aff ,P$RO ,V,I ,/REET1 9 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO--ITS DELEGATE WAS ,ANTONIO ,LOPEZ 7,F,A,I71 & IT %>$ ITS HEADQU>T]S ) ! ,PATROLS ( ,SAN ,ADRIAN4 ,! PATROLM5 HAD NO O!R RE/RICTIONS ON !IR JURISDICTION ?AT W]E CLE>LY EXPRESS$ O!R ?AN TO RESPECT ! RI<TS ( ! FREEMASONS & ! CONSULATES4.<#f#f.> 

,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ HAD EFFECTIVE CONTROL ( ! BORD]S4 ,HE COMPET$ ) ,PONS 7,],C7 ) REG>D TO ! ISSU+ & CONTROL ( PASSPORTS & TRAVEL P]MITS4 ,AURELIO ASSIGN$ ,VIC5TE ,GIL 70,PORTELA07 TO SUP]VISE CONTROL OV] ! AIRFIELDS & PORTS4 

,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ WORK$ V]Y CLOSELY ) ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA1 ! REAL DECISION-MAK] :O DIRECT$1 COORD9AT$ & 9=M$ ! O!R ,C,N,T 0POLICE0 (FICIALS3 ,JOSE ,AS5S1 ! DELEGATE ( ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 & ,DIONISIO ,]OLES1 ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,WORK]S & ,SOLDI]S1 AN 9/ITUTION CREAT$ TO PURGE ! MILIT>Y & POLICE ( ELEM5TS :OSE LOYALTY WAS 9 D\BT4 

,MANUEL ,ESCORZA DEL ,VAL WAS ! DIRECTOR ( ! ,S]VICES ( ,9VE/IGATION & ,9=MATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ?AT IS1 AN 9/ITUTION ?AT WAS NOT UND] ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 BUT ( ! REGIONAL COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 9 O!R WORDS1 IT WAS A LIB]T>IAN 9/ITUTION ?AT1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PROPOSAL MADE BY ,ESCORZA AT ! ,PL5UM ( ,JULY #b#a1 CON/ITUT$ AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE AN AUTONOM\S & 9DEP5D5T >M$ =CE ?AT W\LD BE CAPABLE ( 0GIV+ ! BOOT0 SOM$AY TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! C5TRAL 9VE/IGATION PATROL1 :I* WAS UND] ITS AU?ORITY1 MADE ,SAN ,ELIAS1 :I* WAS ALREADY ! C5TRAL PRISON = ALL ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 9TO A =TRESS1 A P[] C5T]1 A G5]AL B>RACKS & ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! TRIBUNAL ( ! ,PATROLS4 

,?IS ,9VE/IGATION ,S]VICE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I C>RI$ \T MISSIONS 9VOLV+ 9=MATION GA!R+ & ESPIONAGE1 EV5 9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ,M9UE1 ,ESCORZA'S BRO!R-9-LAW1 E/ABLI%$ AN EFFICI5T 9=MATION GA!R+ NETWORK4 

,MANUEL ,ESCORZA DEL ,VAL1 ) HIS (FICE ON ! TOP FLOOR ( ! =M] ,CASA ,CAMBO1 HAD CONFISCAT$ ! >*IVES ( ! EMPLOY]S ASSOCIATION 7,FOM5TO DEL ,TRABAJO7 & ! *AMB] ( COMM]CE 7! ,LLIGA71 :I* PROVID$ HIM ) MANY NAMES1 DATES1 RELATIONS & ADDRESSES1 ) :I* HE C>RI$ \T AN EFFICI5T LABOR ( REPRESSION AGA9/ RI<TI/S1 PRIE/S & 9DIVIDUALS DISSATISFI$ ) ! 0NEW REVOLUTION>Y ORD]04 ,IT WAS ,ESCORZA1 = EXAMPLE1 :O REVEAL$ ! SC&AL & ! CONSPIRACY ( ! PLOT ( ,CASANOVAS AGA9/ ,COMPANYS1 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f4 

,SALVADOR ,GONZALEZ E/ABLI%$ AT ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & ! ,CIRCULO ,ECUE/RE A PRISON & A NETWORK ( REPRESSION UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,P,S,U,C1 SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,ESCORZA1 ) ! HELP ( ,OLASO1 ,RODRIGUEZ ,SALA1 ,AFRICA DE LAS ,H]AS & ,SALA4 ,SOL] ,>UMI1 ( ! ,],C1 SET UP HIS [N REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS AT ! ,C5TRO ,F$]AL AT ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA4 

,!SE REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS HAD NO CONNECTION OR FEALTY TO ! ,G5]ALITAT OR ! ,C,C,M,A1 OR EV5 TO !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS AUTONOMY ( ! REPRESSIVE =CES1 :I* ALL[$ !M TO ACT ) TOTAL 9DEP5D5CE1 )\T HAV+ TO JU/IFY !IR ACTIVITIES TO ANYONE1 DEG5]AT$1 AMONG ! C5ETI/AS AS WELL AS ! ,P,S,U,C1 ,P,\,M & ! ,],C1 9TO ABUSES & UNNECESS>Y & UNJU/IFIABLE >BITR>Y ACTIONS4 ,! PRACTICE ( TAK+ PRIE/S1 B\RGEOIS1 & RI<TI/S 0= A RIDE0 BECAME A REGUL> OCCURR5CE1 ESPECIALLY ALONG ! ROADS 9 ,>RABASSADA1 EL ,MORROT1 ,CAN ,TUNIS1 ,SOMORRO/RO1 ,VALLVIDRI]A & ,TIBIDABO2 & LAT] AT ! CEMET]Y ( ,MONCADA4 ,! %AK$[NS & PAY(FS 9 ! =M ( MONEY1 GOLD OR JEWELS 9 EX*ANGE = ALL[+ >RE/$ P]SONS TO AVOID IMPRISONM5T & TRIAL1.<#f#g.> :E!R !Y W]E PRIE/S OR RI<TI/S1 WAS ABSOLUTELY ODI\S1 CORRUPT & REPREH5SIBLE4 ,WE MU/ DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! POLICE & REPRESSIVE DUTIES C>RI$ \T AGA9/ ?OSE :O OPPOS$ ! 0NEW REVOLUTION>Y ORD]01 TYPICAL ( ANY REGIME1 FROM ! CORRUPTION ?AT WAS PRACTIC$ ON BEHALF ( ! PATROL MEMB]S & !IR LEAD]S1 :I* ONLY GREW WORSE AS ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! REPUBLICAN SIDE MI<T LOSE ! W> BEGAN TO MAKE HEADWAY4 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ TWO MON?S ( !IR EXI/5CE ! ,PATROLS G5]AT$ A CLIMATE ( SOCIAL ANXIETY & 9SECURITY DUE TO !IR >BITR>Y ACTIONS & !IR MULTIPLICITY ( ALLEGIANCES1 S9CE !RE W]E ! PATROLS ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 ?OSE ( EA* ORGANIZATION & EA* NEI<BORHOOD 7OR T[N71 FACTORY OR B>RICADE4 ,LOOK+ BACK ON ?IS P]IOD1 ?OSE :O HAVE FOCUS$ ON ! 9TE/9E /RUGGLE AMONG ! ANTIFASCI/S1 ?AT IS1 ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,P,S,U,C & ! ,],C AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T1 ATTRIBUT$ ! REPRESSION ( ! FIR/ MON?S SOLELY TO ! AN>*I/S1 OV]LOOK+ ! REPRESSION C>RI$ \T BY ! ,],C & ! ,P,S,U,C1 :I*1 AFT] ,MAY1 E/ABLI%$ 9 ,B>CELONA ! UBIQUIT\S T]ROR ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,9VE/IGATION ,S]VICE 7,S,I,M74.<#f#h.> 

,! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS CON/ITUT$ ! FAIL$ ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ! ,C,C,M,A TO CORRAL ! PREVAIL+ PUBLIC DISORD]4 ,NOT ONLY DID !Y CON/ITUTE AN UNDESIRABLE POLITICAL POLICE ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 BUT !Y ALSO ACT$ 9 P>ALLEL ) ! PATROLS ( ! POLITICAL POLICE ( EA* ORGANIZATION2 & 9 COMPETITION ) ! >M$ PATROLS ( ! MILITIAM5 ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 :O W]E ANSW]ABLE TO NO O!R AU?ORITY O!R ?AN !IR [N NEI<BORHOOD1 FACTORY OR VILLAGE COMMITTEES1 & :O CONT9U$ TO MAN ! B>RICADES MON?S AFT] ,JULY1 & :O AT !IR [N 9ITIATIVE & RISK C>RI$ \T REQUISITIONS1 CONFISCATIONS & 0TOOK PEOPLE = RIDES01 :I* ALL[$ !M TO F9ANCE !IR [N ACTIVITIES & EV5 TO BUY >MS FROM =EIGN C\NTRIES4.<#f#i.> ,!SE W]E ! AUTONOM\S MILITIAM5 OR PATROLM51 FROM EV]Y ORGANIZATION OR FROM NO ORGANIZATION1 :O W]E NOT SUBJECT TO ! ORD]S ( ! ,C,C,M,A'S ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 & :O MI<T OR MI<T NOT BR+ !IR DETA9EES OR PLUND]$ BOOTY TO ,SAN ,ELIAS1 & :O (T5 EXECUT$ !IR [N JU/ICE DIRECTLY 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR [N UND]/&+4 ,9 !SE CONDITIONS1 NO ONE C\LD CLE>LY DIFF]5TIATE1 MU* LESS CONTROL1 OR DIRECT1 ! LIMITS BETWE5 ! NECESS>Y CLASS T]ROR1 ! AMBIGU\S 0NEW REVOLUTION>Y ORD]0 ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 & M]E CRIME1 ) ! CONSEQU5T DISCR$IT ?AT FELL UPON ANYONE :O WANT$ TO PU% =W>D ! 0REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S0 & EXT5D ! SOCIAL W>4 ,ONCE AGA9 WE F9D \RSELVES FAC$ ) ! ATOMIZATION ( P[] ?AT PREVAIL$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#f3 PATROLS ( ! ,C,C,M,A2 PATROLS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ( ! ,P,\,M1 ! ,P,S,U,C1 & ! ,],C2 PATROLS ( EV]Y DEF5SE COMMITTEE1 EV]Y T[N1 EV]Y FACTORY1 EV]Y NEI<BORHOOD1 & EV5 EV]Y B>RICADE2 ALL AUTONOM\S & SELF-F9ANC+1 ACT+ 9 P>ALLEL1 )\T BE+ ANSW]ABLE TO ANY C5TRAL AU?ORITY OR \TSIDE ! CONTROL ( ! AU?ORITIES TO :I* !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE SUBJECT4 

,! ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,F,A,I,L,U,R,E ,( ,! ,C,C,M,A ,& ,I,T,S ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E ,A,G,A,9,/ ,! ,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E,S 

,) ! =MATION ( ALL !SE ,COMMISSIONS & ,C\NCILS 7( ! ,ECONOMY1 ( ,SUPPLIES7 ! ,C,C,M,A WAS GRADUALLY TRANS=M$ 9TO AN 9/ITUTION ?AT SPECIALIZ$ EXCLUSIVELY 9 MATT]S ( ,DEF5SE & ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY1 & !RE=E BECAME MORE & MORE E/RANG$ FROM ANY PRET5SE TO CON/ITUTE A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD BE CAPABLE ( REPLAC+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,?IS REFUSAL TO BECOME A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 L$ IRREM$IABLY TO ! ,C,C,M,A'S FAILURE 9 ITS ATTEMPTS TO CON/ITUTE AN 9/ITUTION = ! DIRECTION & C5TRALIZATION ( ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 DUE TO ! POLITICAL 9CAPACITY ( ?IS 9/ITUTION TO BECOME ! SOLE ORGANIZ+ & LEAD+ =CE ( ! NEW >MY4 ,! IMPROVIS$ MILITIAS W]E =M$ )\T A S+LE DIRECTIVE 9/ITUTION4 ,9/EAD ( MOBILIZ+ A UNIT>Y PROLET>IAN >MY1 ! MILITIA COLUMNS W]E =M$ UND] ! EGIS ( ! V>I\S P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS1 ) ! CONCOMITANT PROBLEMS ( COORD9ATION1 HOMOG5IZATION & C5TRALIZATION4 ,! ,/AL9I/S & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT EASILY US$ ?IS /RUCTURE TO CONSOLIDATE ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ADVANCE A FEW MON?S LAT]4 ,BUT IF ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T HAD R5\NC$ AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP1 H[ W]E !Y GO+ TO IMPOSE AN AN>*I/ >MY8 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! ABS5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 PROGRAM & P]SPECTIVES L$ ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S1 LEFT BEH9D BY ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVES ( ! RANK & FILE COMMITTEES1 TO 5GAGE 9 CON/ANT IMPROVIZATION :I*1 COMB9$ ) !IR OPTIMI/IC VIEW ?AT ! W> W\LD ONLY LA/ = A FEW WEEKS1 PREV5T$ ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T FROM UND]/&+ ! FUTURE SIGNIFICANCE ( !IR ]RONE\S DECISIONS4 ,! ,C,C,M,A !RE=E ALSO R5\NC$ ! MA9 REASON = ITS CREATION3 TO CREATE VOLUNTE] WORK]S MILITIAS1 SUPPLY !M & DIRECT ! W>4 ,! *RONIC %ORTAGE ( WEAPONS & AMMUNITION1 :I* W]E NOT DI/RIBUT$ TO ! FRONTS & ! COLUMNS ?AT NE$$ !M1 BUT :]EV] ! LEAD]S ( ! P>TIES DECID$1 DEP5D+ ON !IR IDEOLOGICAL AFF9ITIES1 WAS US$ BY EA* MILITIA TO DISCR$IT ITS RIVALS4 ,! SLOGAN1 0GO = BROKE AFT] CAPTUR+ ,Z>AGOZA01 WAS TURN$ AGA9/ ITS PROPON5TS1 = IF ,Z>AGOZA WAS NOT TAK5 !RE W\LD BE NO AN>*I/ C\P ATTEMPT2 ?AT IS1 ! AN>*I/ MILITIAS MU/ NOT BE GIV5 >MS4 ,! 9ABILITY TO IMPOSE A UNIT>Y COMM& /RUCTURE ON ! MILITIAS L$ TO S]I\S DEFICI5CIES ) REG>D TO !IR ORGANIZATION & OP]ATIONS1 S9CE !RE WAS NOT ! LEA/ COORD9ATION & PLANN+ ( MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS EV5 AMONG ! V>I\S MILITIAS ON ! SAME FRONT4 

,! ,C,C,M,A !RE=E FAIL$ ) REG>D TO ! MILIT>Y QUE/ION AS WELL4 ,! ONLY FUNCTION ?AT IT P]=M$ ADEQUATELY1 & :I* WAS ! FUNCTION ?AT ALL ( ITS COMPON5TS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,P,\,M & ! AN>*I/S1 EXPLICITLY WANT$ IT TO P]=M1 WAS ?AT ( DEF5D+ & /R5G!N+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT2 ?IS WAS 9 ANY CASE ITS PR9CIPAL OBJECTIVE AFT] ! FIR/ WEEK ( ,SEPTEMB]1 :5 ! ,C,C,M,A VOT$ TO DISSOLVE ITSELF4 ,! ,G5]ALITAT1 AS WELL AS ! ,/AL9I/S & ,],C1 W\LD DEFTLY CAPITALIZE ON ! OPPORTUNITY (F]$ BY ! CON/ANT ]RORS ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #bd ! ,DECREE MILIT>IZ+ ! MILITIAS E/ABLI%$ ! F\NDATIONS = ! B\RGEOIS >MY ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,! ONLY ?+ ! MILITIAM5 C\LD DO WAS TO RESI/ ! 9EVITABLE MILIT>IZATION1 :I* WAS ALREADY IMPLEM5T$ BY ,M>* ( #a#i#c#g4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ! /REETS WAS 9DIFF]5T TO ! COLLABORATIONI/ DIRECTIVES IMPOS$ BY ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S4 ,! ATOMIZ$ P[] ( ! V>I\S ,LOCAL ,COMMITTEES EXT5D$ ?R\<\T ALL ( ,CATALUNA1 ) V>I\S DEGREES ( P[] & AUTONOMY1 & :I* 9 SOME LOCATIONS REA*$ ! LEVEL ( MAK+ AN ABSOLUTE BREAK ) REPUBLICAN LEGALITY & ! K9D ( EQUILIBRIUM ?AT PREVAIL$ AT ! TIME 9 ,B>CELONA BETWE5 ! ,G5]ALITAT & ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,?US1 9 ,L]IDA1 ! ,C,N,T1 ,P,\,M & ,U,G,T DID AWAY ) ! CITY GOV]NM5T & CON/ITUT$ A ,POPUL> ,COMMITTEE ?AT EXCLUD$ ! REPUBLICAN =CES 9 ORD] TO CON/ITUTE A P[] BAS$ ONLY ON ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,NOT ONLY ,JOSEP ,RODES 7,P,\,M71 :O ASSUM$ ! POSITION ( POLICE COMMISSION]1 BUT ALSO ,JOAQU9 ,VILA 7,U,G,T71 :O WAS APPO9T$ AS ! DELEGATE TO ! ,G5]ALITAT1 USURP$ !SE POSITIONS TO 5HANCE ! P[] ( ! ,POPUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ,L]IDA2 & TO !SE W]E ADD$ ! POSITION ASSUM$ BY ,FRANCISCO ,TOMAS 7,F,A,I7 AS ! HEAD ( ! NEWLY-CREAT$ ,COMMITTEE ( ,POPUL> ,9=MATION4 ,!SE LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES CON/ITUT$ AU!NTIC CITY-/ATES1 OR COMMITTEE-GOV]NM5TS1.<#g.> IMPOS+ F9ES & COLLECT+ TAXES1 RECRUIT+ MILITIAM5 = ! FRONT1 =M+ CONTROL PATROLS TO IMPOSE !IR AU?ORITY1 C>RY+ \T PUBLIC WORKS F9ANC$ BY REVOLUTION>Y TAX MEASURES TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( MASSIVE UNEMPLOYM5T1 IMPOS+ A NEW RATIONALI/ $UCATIONAL MODEL1 CONFISCAT+ FOOD1 ETC4 ,!SE LOCAL COMMITTEES REPLAC$ ! MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5TS1 DEPRIV+ ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ! LEA/ 9FLU5CE 9 !IR T[NS4 ,?R\<\T ,CATALUNA1 )\T ANY DIRECTIVES FROM ! ,C,N,T1 A ME?ODICAL EXPROPRIATION ( ! FACTORIES & PROP]TIES ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! *UR*ES & MONA/]IES WAS C>RI$ \T1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT1 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! ,C,C,M,A WAS %>+ \T AMONG ! V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS ! B>RACKS1 PR9T+ PRESSES1 NEWSPAP]S & SOME BUILD+S & HOTELS4 ,! COMMITTEES COMPLI$ ) ! DIRECTIVES ( ! ,C,C,M,A IF !Y DID NOT CONFLICT ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT M\NT$ 5ORM\S RESI/ANCE :5 !Y W]E ?\<T TO BE ! PRODUCT ( A COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOISIE & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV]1 ! ,C,C,M,A HAD TO RELY ON !SE LOCAL COMMITTEES IF IT WANT$ ITS DIRECTIVES TO BE OBS]V$4 ,! 9T]NAL CONFLICT )9 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 BETWE5 ?OSE :O SUPPORT$ & ?OSE :O W]E OPPOS$ TO COLLABORATION1 WAS ALSO MANIFE/$ 9 ! PROBLEMATIC RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS & ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT RE/RICT$ ITSELF TO PROVID+ A LEGAL SANCTION = ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC REALITY ( ! COLLECTIVIZATIONS & 0REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S01 AS ! ONLY WAY IT C\LD HOPE TO ACQUIRE ! PRE/IGE & ! ACCEPTANCE ?AT IT LACK$4 ,! ,C,C,M,A C\LD B>ELY GOV]N1 OR GIVE ANY ORD]S AT ALL1 \TSIDE ( ! CITY ( ,B>CELONA1 )\T ! ACQUIESC5CE & COLLABORATION ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES OR TRADE UNIONS4 ,! WEAKNESS ( ! LATT] WAS ROOT$ 9 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( !IR CONSOLIDATION AS AN AU!NTIC ALT]NATIVE P[] ON ! SCALE ( ALL ( ,CATALUNA1 )\T ! COORD9AT+ & C5TRALIZAT+ SUPPORT ( A WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION1 MU* LESS AGA9/ ! OPPOSITION ( ALL ! EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! ,C,C,M,A & ! ,G5]ALITAT CO9CID$ 9 !IR POLICY ( SUPPORT+ ! RE/ORATION ( ! P[]S ( ! OLD MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5TS AGA9/ ! USURPATION ( !IR P[]S BY ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES1 & ?IS MISSION WAS P]=M$ ) GREAT EFFECTIV5ESS BY ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,REGIONAL ,MILITIAS1 L$ BY ,JOSEP ,MIRET & ,JOAN ,PONS4 ,?IS ,DEP>TM5T /RIPP$ ! LOCAL COMMITTEES ( ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! RECRUITM5T & ORGANIZATION ( ! MILITIAM51 :I* ! COMMITTEES HAD SPONTANE\SLY EX]CIS$ DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW WEEKS1 & TRANSF]R$ ?IS RESPONSIBILITY TO ! REGIONAL COMMISSIONS1 BAS$ ON ! NEW T]RITORIAL DIVISION ( ,CATALUNA4 ,?IS REGIONAL /RUCTURE FACILITAT$ ! SUBJUGATION ( ! V>I\S LOCAL COMMITTEES1 :I* HAD TO S5D DELEGATIONS TO ! REGIONAL (FICES1 F> FROM ! PRESSURE ( !IR LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y CONDITIONS4 

,?US1 NOT ONLY WAS ! ,C,C,M,A NOT A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ?AT COORD9AT$ ! ACTIVITIES ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES2 IT SAW ! LATT] AS SIGNIFY+ A DIM9UTION ( ITS AU?ORITY4 ,& ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S NOT ONLY HELP$ TO CONSOLIDATE ! P[] ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 BUT W]E ALSO QUITE PLEAS$ ) ! WEAK5+ ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y ALL[$ ,MIRET ( ! ,P,S,U,C & ,PONS ( ! ,],C TO UND]M9E ! P[] ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES 9 ,CATALUNA4 ,?IS WAS ANO!R S]I\S ]ROR ON ! P>T ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T1 BECAUSE ! WEAK5+ ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES UND]M9$ ! REAL BASIS ( ! ,C,N,T'S P[] \TSIDE ! CITY ( ,B>CELONA4 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 UPON :I* ! REAL P[] ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS BAS$1 EXI/$ 9 ALMO/ ALL ! NEI<BORHOODS & 9 SOME CONFISCAT$ BUILD+S1 AMONG :I* W]E ! ,HOTEL ,NUM]O #a AT ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 ! ,ESCOLAPIOS AT ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 ! ,E/ACION DE ,FRANCIA1 ! ,E/ACION DEL ,NORTE1 & ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES ( ,B>CELONETA1 ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 ,SAN ,&RES & ,GAUDI ,AV5UE1 AMONG O!RS4 

,! ,M,9,U,T,E,S ,( ,! ,M,E,E,T,+,S ,( ,! ,C,C,M,A ,& ,! ,D,E,B,A,T,E ,C,O,N,C,],N,+ ,I,T,S ,D,I,S,S,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ACC\NT ( ,JOAN ,PONS ,G>L&I1 AS RELAT$ 9 HIS MEMOIRES1 TWO /AGES ( ! ,C,C,M,A'S HI/ORY CAN BE DI/+UI%$1 :I* CO9CID$ ) ! P]IOD :5 ITS (FICES W]E LOCAT$ AT ! ,NAVAL ,S*OOL1 NEXT TO ! ,GOB]NACION1 AT ! ,PLAZA ,PALACIO1 & ! P]IOD AFT] !IR TRANSF].<#g#a.> AT ! 5D ( ,JULY TO ! ,CAPITANIA AT ! ,PASEO ,COLON4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ /AGE NO M9UTES W]E RECORD$1 OR AT LEA/ NONE HAVE BE5 LOCAT$ TO DATE4 ,9 ! SECOND /AGE1 ,MIRAVITLLES WAS RESPONSIBLE = DRAFT+ !M1 UNTIL HE APPO9T$ A SECRET>Y = ! PURPOSE4 ,!Y EXI/1 BUT 9 AN 9COMPLETE =M4.<#g#b.> 

,! NOCTURNAL MEET+S ( ! ,C,C,M,A W]E USUALLY HELD ON EV]Y O!R DAY1 V]Y LATE AT NI<T1 SO ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S C\LD ATT5D1 :O W]E BUSY DUR+ ! RE/ ( ! DAY ) ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( !IR V>I\S POSITIONS4 ,!Y T5D$ TO BE SOME:AT *AOTIC & DISORGANIZ$4 ,PROBLEMS W]E RESOLV$ AS !Y CAME UP1 9 AN IMPROVIS$ MANN]4 ,SOME MEMB]S1 SU* AS ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,ROVIRA & ,VIDIELLA1 EXHIBIT$ FROM ! BEG9N+ !IR ORATORICAL GIFTS1 ) V]Y LONG1 VACU\S & BOR+ SPEE*ES ?AT 9T]E/$ NO ONE1 :I* IS :Y !Y W]E NOT EV5 RECORD$ 9 ! M9UTES ( ! MEET+S4 ,ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C,C,M,A ATT5D$ ITS MEET+S HEAVILY >M$ & O/5TATI\SLY DISPLAY$ !IR 5ORM\S PI/OLS4 ,! ?REATS MADE BY ,DURRUTI AGA9/ ,MIRAVITLLES1 REM9D+ HIM ( HIS AU?OR%IP ( AN >TICLE 9 :I* HE PROCLAIM$ ! EQUIVAL5CE ( ,F,A,I/AS & ,FASCI/AS1 & ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S 9SULT+ TREATM5T ( ,COMPANYS1 CAUS$ ! FIR/ MEET+S TO G5]ATE A C]TA9 CLIMATE ( T5SION1 :I* WAS DEF9ITIVELY DISPELL$ :5 ! (FICES ( ! ,C,C,M,A W]E MOV$ TO ! ,CAPITANIA4 

,! MEET+S ( ! ,C,C,M,A W]E (T5 ATT5D$ BY PEOPLE :O W]E NOT MEMB]S ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 SU* AS TE*NICIANS1 REPORT]S OR ADVIS]S4 ,RESOLUTIONS W]E USUALLY UNANIM\SLY APPROV$4 ,DISS5T+ VIEWS W]E RECORD$ 9 ! M9UTES1 UNTIL1 AT ! MEET+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #f1 IT WAS DECID$ TO RECORD ONLY ! F9AL RESOLUTION4 

,EV] S9CE ! 5D ( ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ,DAVID ,ANTONA1 ! ,9T]IM ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,MADRID1 HAD BE5 RECEIV+ (F]S FROM ! ,GIRAL GOV]NM5T TO COLLABORATE ) ! REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T & ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ =CES1 (F]S ?AT W]E DEBAT$ AT ! ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES HELD 9 ,MADRID ON ,JULY #b#h4.<#g#c.> ,AT ?IS MEET+ ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE BECAME 5ME%$ 9 A DEBATE REG>D+ :E!R ! ,C,N,T %\LD OR %\LD NOT SEIZE P[]4 ,ONCE ! OPTION ( E/ABLI%+ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM WAS REJECT$1 ON ! BASIS ( ! >GUM5T ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS A M9ORITY GR\P+ \TSIDE ( ,CATALUNA1 ! DEBATE FOCUS$ ON ! WAYS & MEANS ( ! ,C,N,T'S COLLABORATION ) GOV]NM5T BODIES4 

,DUR+ ! 5TIRE MON? ( ,AUGU/ ! AN>*I/ 0NOTABLES0 W]E SPLIT OV] ! DILEMMA ( :E!R !Y %\LD PUT AN 5D TO ! ,C,C,M,A1 )\T 5T]+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 OR MA9TA9 IT4 ,!RE W]E TWO BASIC APPROA*ES3 ! FIR/ CONSI/$ 9 CREAT+ TE*NICAL COMMISSIONS 9 ! V>I\S ,C\NCILS 7,M9I/RIES ( ! ,G5]ALITAT7 AS A =MULA = CONTROLL+ )\T P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! GOV]NM5T3 ?IS APPROA* WAS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! COMMISSION ( W> 9DU/RIES OR ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY2.<#g#d.> ! SECOND WAS TO DO ! SAME ?+ BUT )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y 9/ITUTIONS1 =MALLY BAS$ ON LEGAL P[]S1 BUT UPHOLD+ A REVOLUTION>Y P[] ?AT W\LD PROVIDE !M ) A REAL POSITION ( P[]3 ?IS WAS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES & ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9VE/IGATION ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 COORD9AT$ & DIRECT$ BY ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA FROM ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9=MATION & ,9VE/IGATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 :I* WAS ANSW]ABLE ONLY TO ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #c.<#g#e.>1 9 A RESOLUTION SIGN$ BY ,JAIME ,MIRAVITLLES AS SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 V>I\S AGREEM5TS ( A M9OR NATURE W]E APPROV$1 SU* AS ! CONFISCATION ( ! ,ELIZALDE & ,ANET FACTORIES2 ! CREATION ( AN AMMUNITION DUMP AT ,L]IDA1 ) SUBSIDI>Y /ORAGE DEPOTS AT ,CASPE & ,MONZON2 A SALUTE TO ! ,DURRUTI COLUMN 0= ITS DISCIPL9E & ORGANIZATIONAL ACUM502 ! APPROVAL ( A MOTION TO 9=M 9 WRIT+ ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS ( ALL DECISIONS ( A G5]AL NATURE MADE BY ! ,C,C,M,A2 ! DISPAT* ( A DELEGATE TO OV]SEE ! MANUFACTURE ( BOMBS AT ,REUS2 ! SELECTION ( LOYAL (FIC]S FROM A LI/ PRES5T$ BY ,U,M,R,E2 ! APPO9TM5T ( ,JIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA & ! BRO!RS ,GU>N] AS TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S ON ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF ( ! ,MILITIAS2 ETC4 

,ALREADY1 ON ,AUGU/ #a#g1 :ILE A ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T WAS BE+ HELD1 ! DECISION TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,M,A WAS MADE1 AL?\< ?IS WAS NOT YET MADE PUBLIC TO ! CONF$]AL MILITANTS4.<#g#f.> ,! EXPLANATION ?AT WAS GIV5 = ! RESOLUTIONS ADOPT$ AT ?IS ,PL5UM1 9 ! ,REPORT ( ! DELEGATION ( ! ,C,N,T TO ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,CONGRESS ( ! ,A,I,T1 LEAVES NO ROOM = D\BT3 0,IT WAS CONSID]$ ?AT1 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! DUPLICATION ( P[]S REPRES5T$ BY ! ,C,C,M,A & ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ! =M] HAD TO DISAPPE> & ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALUNA HAD TO BE =M$1 C>RY+ \T SOME MORE POSITIVE ACTIVITIES )\T ! H9DRANCE ( A CLA% ( P[]S & TO PUT AN 5D TO ! PRETEXT ?AT ! DEMOCRACIES WILL NOT HELP US 'BECAUSE ! AN>*I/S >E 9 *>GE'40.<#g#g.> ,! GOAL ( ?IS MANEUV] WAS1 9 %ORT1 TO REPLACE ! ,C,C,M,A ) A SY/EM ( TE*NICAL COMMISSIONS1 ATTA*$ TO ! ,M9I/RIES1 & TO LIMIT ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,C,C,M,A TO MILIT>Y QUE/IONS4 ,?IS RESOLUTION WAS RATIFI$ ON ,AUGU/ #ba AT A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( AN>*I/ GR\PS4.<#g#h.> 

,F9ALLY1 AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/1 A SECRET ,PL5UM ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,MOVEM5T ( ,CATALUNA WAS HELD4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 TIR$ ( ! 5DLESS DEBATES1 %\T$ TO ! DELEGATES1 0,EI!R WE COLLABORATE1 OR ELSE WE IMPOSE A DICTATOR%IP3 ,Y\ DECIDE60.<#g#i.> ,! ,PL5UM HAD TO DECIDE :E!R OR NOT TO ACCEPT ! 9VITATION1 :I* >OSE FROM NUM]\S CONV]SATIONS BETWE5 ,COMPANYS & ,M>IANET1 TO ! ,C,N,T TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! 0,C\NCIL0 ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! ,PL5UM F9ALLY DECID$ 9 FAVOR ( ! 5TRY ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4.<#h.> 

,ON ,AUGU/ #c#a1.<#h#a.> AT #a#a3#c P4M41 A PL5>Y SESSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS HELD1 ATT5D$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S & DELEGATES4 ,G>CIA ,MATAS REPORT$ ON ! SITUATION ( ! REPUBLICAN =CES 9 ,MALLORCA4 ,HE W>N$ ! DELEGATES ?AT ! 5EMY POSSESS$ SIX FI<T] SQUADRONS ?AT POS$ A ?REAT NOT ONLY TO ! ,BALE>ES BUT ALSO TO ,B>CELONA & ,VAL5CIA4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT ! 5EMY WAS PREP>+ = A MAJOR (F5SIVE 9 ,MALLORCA4 ,JIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA1 :OSE >GUM5T WAS !N SUPPORT$ BY ,M>COS ,ALCON1 9SI/$ ON ! NECESSITY ( F9I%+ (F ! ASSAULT ON ,HUESCA 9 ORD] TO %IFT ! SC>CE W> MAT]IEL ?AT WAS AVAILABLE TO OP]ATIONS AT ,MALLORCA4 ,VIDIELLA EMPHASIZ$ ! 9T]NATIONAL IMPORTANCE ( ! ,MALLORCA CAMPAIGN4 

,AT ! NEXT ,PL5>Y ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 HELD ON ,SEPTEMB] #b1.<#h#b.> ,AGUADE REPORT$ ON ! FATE ( ! HOSPITAL %IP1 0,M>QUES DE ,COMILLAS01 FILL+ 9 ! GAPS 9 ! 9=MATION PROVID$ AT ! PREVI\S MEET+1 CONC]N+ ! DAMAGE 9FLICT$ ON ! %IP BY A BOMB+ ATTACK4 ,MIRET PROPOS$1 & HIS PROPOSAL WAS APPROV$1 TO ORD] ,CAPTA9 ,BAYO TO EVACUATE ! MILIT>Y P]SONNEL & REMOVE ALL W> MAT]IEL FROM ! %IP1 :I* WAS H5CE=? TO BE JU/ A HOSPITAL4 

,MIRET REPORT$ ON ! EV5TS AT ,L]IDA1 CONC]N+ ! !FT ( PROVISIONS1 WEAPONS & MUNITIONS4 ,A LONG & BITT] DEBATE 5SU$ 9 :I* ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,GIRONELLA 7,P,\,M71 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,>TEMI ,AGUADE1 ,M>COS ,ALCON1 ,TORR5TS1 ,FABREGAS1 ,VIDIELLA1 ,AS5S1 & O!RS P>TICIPAT$4 ,IT WAS DECID$ ?AT ! !FT WAS ! RESULT ( %ORTAGES EV]Y:]E1 BO? 9 ,L]IDA AS WELL AS 9 ,B>CELONA1 & ?AT ! IRREGUL>ITIES ?AT W]E BE+ D5\NC$ HAD ALREADY BE5 ABOLI%$ DUE TO ! NEW MEASURES IMPLEM5T$ BY ! ,W>1 ,SUPPLY & ,HEAL? ,COMMISSIONS4 ,IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT SOME ( ! WEAPONS ?AT HAD BE5 /OL5 HAD ALREADY BE5 RECOV]$4 ,& IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT ! ,COMMISSION ( ,W>1 RE9=C$ ) REPRES5TATIVES FROM ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A /RONG CONT+5T ( >M$ MILITIAM51 %\LD SC\R ALL ! T[NS ( ,CATALUNA 9 ORD] TO COLLECT ALL ! >MS & MUNITIONS !Y C\LD F9D4 ,) REG>D TO ! COMPOSITION ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,MILITIAS ( ! CITY ( ,L]IDA1.<#h#c.> IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT IT W\LD BE REQUIR$ TO ALL[ ! 5TRY ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,],C4 ,AT ! SUGGE/ION ( ! COMRADES FROM ,L]IDA1 ! ,C,C,M,A RESOLV$ ?AT ! ,COMMISSION ( ,W> %\LD RELOCATE TO ?AT CITY1 :I* WAS A /RATEGIC PO9T ON ! ,>AGON FRONT1 = ! PURPOSE ( RESOLV+ ! S]I\S PROBLEMS ?AT CONT9U$ TO ACCUMULATE1 ) REG>D TO TROOP MOVEM5TS & ! PROVISION ( >MS & O!R W> MAT]IEL4 

,JOSE ,AS5S PROPOS$1 & HIS PROPOSAL WAS APPROV$1 TO ABOLI% ALL ! SPECIAL SEALS ( ! ,MILITIAS1 & SECTIONS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ABUSES1 & ?AT !RE %\LD ONLY BE ONE (FICIAL SEAL ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,M>COS ,ALCON REPORT$ ON ! PROBLEMS POS$ = ! ,TRANSPORT ,COMMISSION BY ! NE$ TO CON/ANTLY REQUISITION C>S & TRUCKS1 EXPOS+ ! ABUSES ( ! V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS & PUBLIC BODIES1 :I* POSSESS$ AN EXCESSIVE NUMB] ( VEHICLES4 ,IT WAS RESOLV$ TO GRANT FULL P[]S TO ! ,TRANSPORT ,COMMISSION TO REQUISITION ALL ! 9DIVIDUALLY [N$ VEHICLES 9 ,B>CELONA & ALL ! TRUCKS ?AT IT %\LD NE$1 AS WELL AS TO DEPRIVE ! ORGANIZATIONS1 GR\PS & PUBLIC BODIES ( ALL !IR EXCESS VEHICLES4 

,AS5S REPORT$ ?AT !RE WAS AN 9SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( PATROLM5 TO ATT5D TO ! VOLUME ( S]VICES ?AT HAD TO BE P]=M$4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT ALL ! UNITS ( ! ,MILITIAS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( ! ,CAPITANIA1 %\LD S5D CONT+5TS = ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS1 :I* W]E ALSO SUPPOS$ TO ACT 9 COORD9ATION ) ! ,9VE/IGATION ,PATROLS4 ,AGUADE ?\<T ?AT ! ,PATROLS HAD TO BE MOTORIZ$1 & ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO C>RY \T A PURGE ( ! ELEM5TS ?AT =M$ ! ,SECTIONS4 ,IT WAS RESOLV$ TO 9CREASE ! NUMB] ( ,PATROLM51 ! PRECISE NUMB] TO BE E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,COMMISSION1 & ?AT ! ,9VE/IGATION ,PATROLS %\LD BE 9TEGRAT$ ) ! ,PATROL ,SECTIONS1 & ALSO ?AT ! P]SONNEL ( ! ,SECTIONS %\LD BE PURG$4 

,AS5S ALSO PROPOS$ ! NE$ TO C>RY \T AN 9VE/IGATION 9 ,CASPE CONC]N+ ! ACTIVITY ( ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ1.<#h#d.> :I* WAS OPPOS$ BY ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ BECAUSE HE ?\<T ?AT IT WAS IMPROP] TO ATT5D TO MATT]S ?AT W]E NOT ! RESULT ( ! CONDUCT ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,A PROPOSAL ( ,MIRET & ,F]N&EZ WAS APPROV$1 :I* M&AT$ ?AT1 AT ! NEXT MEET+1 A PROJECT %\LD BE UND]TAK5 TO REGULATE 9VE/IGATORY PROCE$+S1 & ?AT ! LATT] MAY NOT BE AU?ORIZ$ ) ANY O!R SEAL ?AN ?AT ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,A PROPOSAL MADE BY ,LLUIS ,PRUNES WAS APPROV$ TO REQUIRE ?AT ALL ! SPECIAL TAXES1 SUBSCRIPTIONS1 DONATIONS & RECEIPTS FROM FE/IVALS TO RAISE MONEY = ! MILITIAS %\LD BE CONTROLL$ BY ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,ALL ! RESOLUTIONS W]E UNANIM\SLY APPROV$1 & ! SESSION 5D$ AT ?REE 9 ! MORN+ ON ,SEPTEMB] #c4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #c A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATIONS WAS HELD 9 ,MADRID TO DEBATE ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S (F] TO NAME ,ANTONIO ,MOR5O AS CONF$]AL ,M9I/]1 AN APPO9TM5T ?AT HAD BE5 0PROVISIONALLY0 ACCEPT$ BY ,MOR5O & BY ,9T]IM ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y ,DAVID ,ANTONA4 ,! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 BAS+ ITS DELIB]ATIONS ON ! RESOLUTIONS ( ! REC5T ,PL5UM HELD 9 ,CATALUNA1 :]E ! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! 0,C\NCIL0 ( ! ,G5]ALITAT WAS APPROV$1 DECL>$ ITS SUPPORT = P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,! DELEGATES1 H[EV]1 REJECT$ ?IS PROPOSAL4 ,AFT] L5G?Y DEBATE A COMPROMISE WAS REA*$1 CONSI/+ 9 ! ,C,N,T'S SUPPORT = ! NEW GOV]NM5T & ! =MATION 9 EA* ,M9I/RY ( AN AUXILI>Y COMMISSION COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,AT A PRESS CONF]5CE HELD ON ,SEPTEMB] #d1 ! =MATION ( ! FIR/.<#h#e.> GOV]NM5T ( ! SOCIALI/ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS ANN\NC$1 )\T ANY ,C,N,T REPRES5TATION4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #h1 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O REJECT$ ! ,C,N,T'S PROPOSAL CONC]N+ AUXILI>Y COMMISSIONS1 BUT REMA9$ OP5 TO ! (F] ( A ,M9I/RY TO ! ,C,N,T4.<#h#f.> 

,AT #a#a3#d#e P4M4 ON ,SEPTEMB] #d1.<#h#g.> ! ,C,C,M,A MET AGA91 ) ! ATT5DANCE ( MO/ ( ! DELEGATES4 ,GIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA REPORT$ ON ! W> MAT]IEL AVAILABLE = ! V>I\S FRONTS4 ,HE EMPHASIZ$ ! LACK ( SMALL >MS AMMUNITION & ! ADVISABILITY ( PROCE$+ TO REQUISITION ALL ! SUPPLIES ( SU* AMMUNITION ?R\<\T ,CATALUNA1 & ALSO RECOMM5D$ ?AT GUNP[D] BE MANUFACTUR$1 :I* W\LD TAKE TWO MON?S1 ) ALL ! PROBLEMS ?AT SU* A TIMETABLE 5TAIL$4 ,HE M5TION$ ! NEGOTIATIONS BE+ C>RI$ \T 9 =EIGN C\NTRIES & ! POSITIONS ( ! V>I\S GOV]NM5TS 0) RESPECT TO \R /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM04 

,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ EXPLA9$ ?AT ! ,SECTION ( ,9VE/IGATION WAS 0PROCE$+ TO REQUISITION >MS & AMMUNITION1 :I* SOME ORGANIZATIONS HAD ALREADY H&$ OV]01 ADD+ ?AT 0WE HAVE TO F9D & COLLECT ALL WE NE$04 

,GU>N] REPORT$ ?AT ! CONQUE/ ( ,HUESCA 0WILL REQUIRE ONE MILLION BULLETS04 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] REPORT$ ?AT ! RETREAT FROM ,MALLORCA HAD BE5 C>RI$ \T 0)\T ! KN[L$GE ( ! ,COMMITTEE01 & ?AT IT WAS ! RESULT ( A P[]FUL BOMB>DM5T BY ! 5EMY & ! 9T]F]5CE ( ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T1 0:I* HAD ORD]$ ! )DRAWAL )\T 9=M+ ,CATALUNA04 

,PRUNES 9=M$ ! DELEGATES ?AT ,CAPTA9 ,BAYO 0HAD BE5 ORD]$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE ( ! %IP ',JAIME ,I'1 9 ! NAME ( ! ,SQUADRON ,COMMITTEE & ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 TO AB&ON ,MALLORCA ) ALL ! M5 & MAT]IEL1 9 ORD] TO PROCE$ TO ,MALAGA1 & ?AT HE WAS GIV5 TWO H\RS TO DECIDE & =TY EI<T H\RS TO LEAVE04 

,GONZALEZ REVEAL$ ?AT SOME ( ! MILITIAM5 :O HAD RETURN$ FROM ,MALLORCA SAID ?AT !RE WAS A HEAVY BOMB>DM5T & ?AT ,BAYO ORD]$ !M TO ?R[ EQUIPM5T 9TO ! SEA4 ,AN ORD] WAS ISSU$ = ,BAYO TO PRES5T HIMSELF IMM$IATELY & ?AT V>I\S MILITIAM5 :O W]E WILL+ TO PROVIDE TE/IMONY %\LD ALSO PRES5T !MSELVES BE=E ! ,C,C,M,A4 

,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! RECEIPT ( SEV]AL MESSAGES BY ! ,C,N,T FROM \T/&+ COMRADES 9 ,ZAIDA1 REQUE/+ ?AT AN 9VE/IGATION BE C>RI$ \T CONC]N+ ! EV5TS AT ,BEL*ITE 0AFT] ! )DRAWAL ( ! ,ORTIZ ,COLUMN04 ,SANTILLAN SAID ?AT !SE REPORTS & ! DOCUM5TATION PROVID$ DID NOT SUPPORT 0ANY SPECIFIC ACCUSATION01 BUT ?AT HE WAS 9 FAVOR ( PURSU+ ! 9VE/IGATION4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] /AT$ ?AT ! )DRAWAL FROM ,BEL*ITE WAS DUE 0TO ! LACK ( >TILL]Y04 ,HE APPO9T$ A COMMISSION TO C>RY \T ! 9VE/IGATION4 

,A PROPOSAL TO TRANSF] ! GASOL9E /OR$ AT ,CAN ,TUNIS TO ANO!R LOCATION TO PREV5T ITS DE/RUCTION BY BOMB+ WAS APPROV$4 

,MIRET 7,P,S,U,C7 & ,AGUADE 7,],C7 REF]R$ TO V>I\S BORD] PATROLS ?AT W]E ORGANIZ$ ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( V>I\S 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS1 )\T ANY EFFECTIVE CONTROL ON ! P>T ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ EXPRESS$ HIS VIEW 0?AT ! BORD] PATROLS >E ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! ,9VE/IGATION ,SECTION & ?AT EV]Y?+ ?AT IS CURR5TLY TAK+ PLACE IS A RESULT ( ORGANIZATIONAL DEFICI5CIES02 9 ORD] TO REM$Y ! SITUATION1 IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT ! ,9VE/IGATION ,SECTION %\LD IMPROVE ITS ORGANIZATION ( ! BORD] PATROLS1 & ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A %\LD EX]CISE /RICT CONTROL & UNIFI$ DIRECTION OV] !SE PATROLS4 ,LIKEWISE1 IT WAS RESOLV$ TO )DRAW AU?ORIZATION = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A HOSPITAL ?AT SOME SELF-/YL$ ,ALP9E ,MILITIAS HAD ORGANIZ$ ON !IR [N ACC\NT 9 ,B>CELONA1 )\T ! AU?ORIZATION ( ! ,HEAL? ,COMMITTEE4.<#h#h.> 

,! SESSION TOOK A ,COP]NICAN TURN ) ! APPE>ANCE ( ,CAPTA9 ,BAYO 9 ! ROYAL *AMB]S ( ! ,CAPITANIA1 :]E ! ,C,C,M,A WAS MEET+4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ASK$ HIM :Y HE HAD IGNOR$ ! ,C,C,M,A1 ) REG>D TO BO? HIS DECISION TO EMB>K = ,MALLORCA & !N TO RETURN4 ,BAYO RESPOND$ ?AT HE SAIL$ = ,MALLORCA AFT] HAV+ BE5 REQUE/$ TO DO SO BY A L>GE GR\P ( MILITIAM5 :O HAD PRES5T$ !MSELVES TO HIM AT ! ,AIRFIELD1 & ) ! CONS5T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ,M9I/]1 ,ESPANA2 & ?AT HE RETURN$ 9 OB$I5CE TO AN APPEAL BY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :I* IS :Y HE HAD NOT BE5 ABLE TO COME BE=E ! ,COMMITTEE4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] 9SI/$ ?AT HE HAD AN OBLIGATION TO OBTA9 ! CONS5T ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 0:I* HOLDS ! P[] ( DECISION OV] ALL MATT]S P]TA9+ TO ! W>01 BECAUSE IF HE HAD DONE SO IT W\LD AT LEA/ HAVE PREV5T$ ! BAD EFFECT ?AT ! RETRREAT FROM ,MALLORCA HAD PRODUC$ ) RESPECT TO PUBLIC OP9ION4 

,BAYO CONT9U$ TO PR(F] EXPLANATIONS1 RELAT+ TO ! SITUATION ( ! TROOPS & ! WAY ! L&+ WAS CONDUCT$4 ,HE PRAIS$ ! MORALE & BRAV]Y ( ! TROOPS UND] HIS COMM&1 0:O W]E READY TO FI<T :]EV] ,I S5T !M04 ,HE PO9T$ \T ?AT HE HAD LOAD$ ALL ! MAT]IEL HE C\LD & ?AT SUPPLIES & EQUIPM5T W]E ONLY DE/ROY$ OR ?R[N 9TO ! SEA TO PREV5T ! 5EMY FROM SEIZ+ !M4 ,HE READ ! ORD]1 SIGN$ BY ! COMMITTEE ( ! 0,JAIME ,I0 & BY ! ,SQUADRON ,COMMITTEE1 REQUIR+ HIM TO )DRAW 9 ! NAME ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,HE ACCEPT$ ! ORD] TO )DRAW1 TO SAVE ! LIVES ( ! MILITIAM51 S9CE ! 5EMY AIR =CES W]E BOMB+ !M ) ONE HUNDR$ KILOGRAM BOMBS4 ,HE D5I$ HAV+ RECEIV$ ANY MOTORCYCLES1 TRUCKS OR >TILL]Y1 & SAID ?AT IF !Y HAD BE5 S5T !Y W]E PROBABLY AT ,MAHON4 

,M>COS ,ALCON EXPLA9$ ! MANN] 9 :I* !SE EXP$ITIONS W]E CONDUCT$1 )\T AU?ORIZATION ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 & ?AT ! LATT] WAS FAC$ ) SO MANY FAITS ACCOMPLI1 & ?AT ! DEFEAT AT ,MALLORCA WAS DUE TO A LACK ( ORGANIZATION4 ,VIDIELLA ASK$ = ! OP9ION ( ! MILIT>Y ADVIS]S4 ,GIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA CLAIM$ ?AT ,BAYO'S ACTION WAS 0MILIT>ILY A DEFEAT1 POLITICALLY A DISA/]1 ALL BECAUSE HE ACT$ ON HIS [N ACC\NT )\T CONSULT+ ! ,C,C,M,A1 & ?AT ! POLITICAL ASPECT IS MU* MORE S]I\S ?AN ! MILIT>Y ASPECT04 ,AS = ! EQUIPM5T1 HE SAID ?AT ?R[+ ! HEAVY EQUIPM5T 9TO ! SEA WAS JU/IFIABLE1 BUT NOT ! LI<T >MS4 

,!N A GR\P ( MILITIAM5 APPE>$ 9 ! ROYAL *AMB]1 >RIV+ FROM ! FAIL$ EXP$ITION TO ,MALLORCA1 MILITANTS ( ! ,],C1 ! ,C,N,T & ! ,U,G,T1 :O PROVID$ !IR REPORTS1 CONFIRM+ ! 9=MATION SUBMITT$ BY ,BAYO4 

,AFT] ,BAYO'S REPORT ON ! FASCI/ AIR =CES 9 ,MALLORCA1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] NOTIFI$ ! DELEGATES ( ! AGREEM5T BETWE5 ,SANTILLAN & ,S&9O & ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T TO S5D FIVE ?\S& M5 TO ! ,C5TRAL FRONT4 

,IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT ! F\R ?\S& MILITIAM5 :O HAD RETURN$ FROM ,MALLORCA %\LD DEP>T ON ,MONDAY3 TWO ?\S& = ! ,MADRID FRONT & TWO ?\S& = ! ,>AGON FRONT1 & ?AT ONE ?\S& NATIONAL GU>DS 7! NEW NAME = ! CIVIL GU>DS7 %\LD ALSO LEAVE = ,MADRID1 & ?AT ! G>RISON AT ,MAHON %\LD RETURN TO !IR BASE ) ! 0,CITY ( ,B>CELONA04 ,ALL !SE RESOLUTIONS W]E UNANIM\SLY APPROV$4 ,! SESSION 5D$ AT #a3#d#e P4M4 ON ! #e? ( ,SEPTEMB]1 AFT] A M>A?ON MEET+ ( F\RTE5 H\RS1 9 :I* IT HAD BECOME APP>5T ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A WAS 9CAPABLE ( CONTROLL+ & DIRECT+ ! MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS BAS$ 9 ,CATALUNA4 

,! ,MALLORCA EXP$ITION HAD BE5 C>RI$ \T BEH9D ! BACK ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 ORGANIZ$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,BAYO1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,COMPANYS1 & ) ! SUPPORT ( ! ,U,G,T 7,COMOR]A7 & ! ,M>ITIME ,TRANSPORT ,TRADE ,UNION ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,IT FAIL$ AS A RESULT ( A LACK ( ORGANIZATION ( ! OP]ATIONS & ! SUDD5 ORD] TO )DRAW ISSU$ BY ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! LACK ( W> MAT]IEL = ! ,>AGON FRONT WAS EXAC]BAT$ BY ! LOSS ( EQUIPM5T & SUPPLIES AT ,MALLORCA1 & ! DISA/] WAS MAGNIFI$ BY ! DISCR$IT+ ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 :I* WAS NOT ONLY 9CAPABLE ( DIRECT+ ALL MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS1 BUT WAS EV5 9CAPABLE ( BE+ AW>E ( !IR EXI/5CE4 

,! NEXT MEET+ WAS CALL$ TO ORD] ON ,SEPTEMB] #f.<#h#i.> AT MIDNI<T1 & WAS ATT5D$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ! DELEGATES TO ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! MEET+ V>I\S QUE/IONS W]E ASK$1 AMONG :I* W]E3 ! REQUE/ ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,P>TY1 L$ BY ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA1 TO BE ADMITT$ TO ! ,C,C,M,A2 A PROPOSAL CONC]N+ ! ADVISABILITY ( AN IMM$IATE ATTACK ON ,JACA2 ! APPO9TM5T ( ,LLOR5C ,P]RAMON AS ,RECORD+ ,SECRET>Y1 )\T ! RI<T TO VOTE1 & ?AT ! M9UTES ( ! MEET+S %\LD ONLY CONSI/ ( ! RESOLUTIONS APPROV$1 )\T AN ACC\NT ( ! DEBATES4 

,! M9UTES ( ,SEPTEMB] #h.<#i.> RECORD ! REPLACEM5T ( ,JOSEP ,ROVIRA 7! DELEGATE ( ! ,L59 ,COLUMN ( ! ,P,\,M7 BY ,JULIAN ,GORK94 ,V>I\S RESOLUTIONS REG>D+ SUBSIDIES1 ! PROHIBITION ( COLLECT+ MONEY ON ! /REET1 CLOS] SURVEILLANCE OV] ! CORRECT USE ( ! FOOD SUBSIDIES GRANT$ BY ! ,C,C,M,A1 ! CLE>+ ( L9ES ( PEOPLE 9 FRONT ( ! ,CAPITANIA1 & 9CREAS+ ! NUMB] ( MEMB]S ( ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS TO ONE ?\S& SIX HUNDR$ W]E APPROV$1 ALONG ) O!R M9OR ISSUES4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a ! M9UTES RECORD ! RATIFICATION ( ! RESOLUTION TO DISSOLVE.<#i#a.> ! ,C,C,M,A & ! RECOMM5DATION ?AT AT ! NEXT MEET+ ! RESPECTIVE CRIT]IA ) REG>D TO ! =M & PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION = ! PO/S EA* ORGANIZATION WILL OCCUPY 9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT %\LD BE DET]M9$4 ,! RESOLUTION TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,M,A WAS KEPT SECRET4 

,IT WAS ALSO RESOLV$ ?AT ! DEAD %\LD BE BURI$ AT ! FRONT & ?AT ! BODIES %\LD NOT BE %IPP$ HOME4 ,IT WAS ONCE AGA9 9SI/$ ?AT ONLY ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS & ! ,9VE/IGATION ,PATROLS W]E EMP[]$ TO AU?ORIZE & C>RY \T SE>*ES1 & ?AT ANYONE :O DID SO ON HIS [N ACC\NT %\LD BE PUNI%$4 ,?REE DELEGATES1 FROM ! ,C,N,T1 ! ,U,G,T & ! ,P,\,M1 W]E APPO9T$ TO C>RY \T WEEKLY 9SPECTIONS ( SUBSIDIES1 DONATIONS1 & FE/IVALS = RAIS+ MONEY = ! MILITIAS4 

,ALL ( ! ABOVE RESOLUTIONS W]E UNANIM\SLY APPROV$4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#b.<#i#b.> A RESOLUTION WAS APPROV$1 ) ! AB/5TION ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,U,G,T & ! ,P,\,M1 ?AT M&AT$ ?AT ! CURR5T GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT %\LD BE REPLAC$ BY A ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALUNA1 ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT COMPOS$ ! ,C,C,M,A1 0:I* W\LD AT ! SAME TIME BE DISSOLV$04 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#d.<#i#c.> ,G>CIA ,OLIV] PUBLICIZ$ ! ,C,N,T'S RESOLUTION CONC]N+ ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 REPLAC+ ! CURR5T GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( A NEW POLITICAL CONCEPTION ( ! ,SPANI% /ATE1 CONCEIV$ AS A 0,CONF$]ATION ( ,FREE ,NATIONS1 />T+ ) ,CATALUNA04 

,GORK91 9 ! NAME ( ! ,P,\,M1 /AT$ ?AT ! NEW ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT MU/ BE COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT COMPOS$ ! CURR5T ,C,C,M,A & ?AT 0! PROGRAM ( ?IS ,C\NCIL MU/ BE ( A SOCIALI/ K9D1 OR ONE 9VOLV+ SOCIALIZATION04 

,VIDIELLA1 = ! ,U,G,T1 AGRE$ ) ! FIR/ PO9T EXPRESS$ BY ,GORK9 ) REG>D TO ! REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,C\NCIL1 AS WELL AS ) ! NAME ( 0! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT01 & ALSO ?\<T ?AT ITS JURISDICTION MU/ BE EXT5D$ OV] ALL ( ,CATALUNA1 & ?AT IT MU/ EMBRACE ALL ! FACTIONS1 & ?AT ?IS ,C\NCIL MU/ BE ! ONLY AU?ORITY EMP[]$ TO C>RY \T CONFISCATIONS1 OR TO PROCE$ ) ! COLLECTIVIZATION OR SOCIALIZATION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,VIDIELLA !RE=E ADVANC$ ! IDEA ( A /RONG GOV]NM5T1 VE/$ ) FULL AU?ORITY4 

,MIRAVITLLES1 = ! ,],C & ! ,G5]ALITAT1 SAID ?AT ?IS NEW GOV]NM5T 7HE D>$ TO VIOLATE ! ACRATIC TABOO CONC]N+ CALL+ SOME?+ ?AT WAS REALLY A GOV]NM5T BY ! NAME ( 0C\NCIL07 MU/ 9CLUDE ALL SOCIAL CLASSES & ?AT AS = A PROGRAM1 IT MU/ BE :ATEV] IS NECESS>Y TO DEFEAT FASCISM4 

,SANTILLAN1 = ! ,F,A,I1 EXPRESS$ HIS VIEW ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO E/ABLI% PO9TS ( CONV]G5CE ?AT W\LD UNITE ALL ! FACTIONS1 AS HAD BE5 ! CASE UP UNTIL ?IS TIME1 & ?AT ! PR9CIPAL GOAL MU/ BE TO DE/ROY FASCISM 9 ALL ( ,SPA94 

,TORR5TS 9=M$ ! DELEGATES ?AT IT WAS ! VIEW ( ! ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO =M A /RONG GOV]NM5T1 ) ! SAME REPRES5TATIVES AS ! CURR5T ,C,C,M,A3 0A S+LE P[] ?AT W\LD PROSECUTE ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM & E/ABLI% ORD] 9 ! NEW ECONOMY04 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] SAID ?AT EV]YONE WAS 9 AGREEM5T ON ! NE$ TO TRANS=M ! C\NTRY 9 EV]Y RESPECT1 E/ABLI%+ A NEW JURIDICAL1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORD]2 & AS = A PROGRAM1 0!RE IS ALREADY A ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY RESPONSIBLE = C>RY+ \T ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION04 

,GORK9 7V]Y METICUL\SLY7 SAID ?AT 0ANTIFASCISM IS NOT A PROGRAM01 :I* IS :Y IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SPECIFY 9 :AT MANN] ! DOM9ANT PRIVILEGES HAD TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,GORK9 ?\<T ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SPECIFY JU/ :AT ECONOMIC POLICIES HAD TO BE 5=C$ 9 ! RE>GU>D1 & TO DEF9E ! PURPOSE ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! COMBATANTS AT ! FRONT1 :I* WAS TO CREATE A BETT] SOCIETY4 ,HE PROPOS$ ?AT ALONGSIDE EA* ,M9I/] ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T1 AS WAS ALREADY ! CASE 9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY1 !RE %\LD BE A ,C\NCIL COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS4 

,MIRAVITLLES EXPLA9$ ?AT ! TIME TO E/ABLI% A CONCRETE PROGRAM1 :E!R COMMUNI/ OR AN>*OSYNDICALI/1 W\LD >RIVE IF ! W> WAS WON1 BUT 9 ! MEANTIME IT WAS NECESS>Y TO CREATE A GOV]NM5T CAPABLE ( W9N+ ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM4 

,ALCON 7,C,N,T7 MA9TA9$ 0?AT ! GOV]NM5T MU/ CONDUCT ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM & ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION MU/ BE C>RI$ \T BY ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! /REETS2 & ?AT IT IS USELESS TO OPPOSE ?IS BECAUSE ! ORGANIZATIONS WILL GO ON ) !IR WORK REG>DLESS ( \R RESOLUTIONS04 ,IT WAS ! MISSION ( ! GOV]NM5T TO DIRECT ! W>1 BUT IT MU/ NOT LEGISLATE ) REG>D TO ECONOMIC MATT]S1 BECAUSE ?IS IS ! JOB ( ! WORK]S1 OP]AT+ ?R\< ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY4 ,HE F9I%$ HIS SPEE* BY CLAIM+3 0! W> MU/ BE F\<T BY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ,COLLECTIVIZATION MU/ BE C>RI$ \T BY ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY40 

,MIRET1 ( ! ,P,S,U,C1 SAID ?AT IT WAS 9DISP5SABLE TO =MULATE A CONCRETE PROGRAM ?AT W\LD ASSURE ! UNITY ( ALL ! FACTIONS4 

,GORK9 DECL>$ ?AT ! =MULATION ( A PROGRAM DID NOT REQUIRE ?AT EA* FACTION R5\NCE ITS IDEALS1 BUT ?AT ALL ! PO9TS ( CONV]G5CE & ! NECESS>Y DIRECTIVES = ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM %\LD BE E/ABLI%$4 ,HE DID NOT AGREE ) ! PROPOSAL ?AT SPOKE ( SOCIAL CLASSES1 BUT ( ORGANIZATIONS ?AT REPRES5T ! CLASSES & ?AT ! LATT] MU/ NOT REORGANIZE BUT TRANS=M ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS ( ! C\NTRY1 :I* 0IS TO SAY1 C>RY \T ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION04 

,VIDIELLA SAID ?AT ONLY A /RONG GOV]NM5T W\LD BE RESPECT$ BY =EIGN C\NTRIES & ?AT SOCIALIZATION 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE W\LD 5TAIL A CONFRONTATION ) ! PEASANTRY4 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] EXPRESS$ HIS VIEW ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION MU/ AFFECT ALL ! JURIDICAL1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ASPECTS ( ! C\NTRY1 & ?AT EA* REGION MU/ PROCE$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS [N *>ACT]I/ICS1 S9CE ! POLICIES ?AT >E APPROPRIATE = ,CATALUNA W\LD NOT BE APPROPRIATE = ,&ALUCIA4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT A M]E ,C\NCIL MU/ NOT DO ANY?+ BUT PREP>E ! POLICIES ?AT W\LD HAVE TO BE IMPLEM5T$ ONCE ! W> WAS OV]4 

,& HE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT TO CREATE ?IS ,C\NCIL ALL ?AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS = ! ,C,C,M,A TO TELL ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ?AT IT WANT$ IT TO BE =M$1 SO ?AT ! ,G5]ALITAT W\LD PROCE$ TO ITS IMM$IATE CREATION4 

,VIDIELLA AGRE$ ?AT IT W\LD BE ! ,PRESID5T :O W\LD =M ! ,C\NCIL4 

,GORK9 & ,MIRET BO? MADE PROPOSALS4 ,MIRET'S WAS APPROV$1 :I* WAS AS FOLL[S3 

0,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT COMPOSE ! ,C,C,M,A %\LD PETITION ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALUNA1 PROPOS+ ! CONVOCATION ( A MEET+ ( DELEGATES ( ALL ! ORGANIZATIONS REPRES5T$ 9 ! ,C,C,M,A TO DISCUSS ! ORGANIC CON/ITUTION ( A ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT & ( ! PROGRAM ?AT ! LATT] MU/ IMPLEM5T04 

,PONS 7,],C7 REF]R$ TO ! NAME ( ! ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL1 SUGGE/$ BY ! ,C,N,T1 & EXPRESS$ HIS VIEW ?AT ! WORD1 0,REGIONAL01 MU/ BE DELET$4 ,ALCON EXPRESS$ HIS OP9ION ?AT ! WORD MU/ BE MA9TA9$1 & ?AT A ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE MU/ BE =M$ 9 ,MADRID4 ,MIRAVITLLES SECOND$ ! PROPOSAL TO ELIM9ATE ! WORD1 0,REGIONAL04 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] PRUD5TLY RESOLV$ ! DISPUTE1 PROPOS+ ?AT ! FIR/ ACT ( ! ,C\NCIL W\LD BE TO GIVE ITSELF A NAME4 ,VIDIELLA1 = HIS P>T1 PROPOS$ TO DELETE ! WORD1 0,DEF5SE0 & DESIGNATE IT AS SIMPLY ! 0,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALUNA04 ,AFT] ! SEMANTIC DEBATE ! SESSION 5D$ AT TWO-?IRTY ON ! MORN+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#e4 

,NO ONE OPPOS$ ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,NO ONE1 EXCEPT ! AN>*I/S1 ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE DECEIV$ REG>D+ ! FACT ?AT ?IS 5TAIL$ ! =MATION ( A NEW GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :E!R IT WAS CALL$ A 0C\NCIL0 OR NOT4 ,! DEBATE ON ! PROGRAM ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD SUP]S$E ! ,C,C,M,A1 REVOLV$ >\ND ! CONCEPTS ( 0SOCIALIZATION01 PROPOS$ BY ! ,P,\,M1 OR 0ANTIFASCI/01 ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,],C & ! ,P,S,U,C4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I MA9TA9$ ITS *>ACT]I/IC AMBIGUITY3 ! ECONOMY WAS ! TASK ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY1 :ILE ! W> WAS ! JOB ( :AT !Y CALL$ ! ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,M>COS ,ALCON1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,JOSE ,AS5S ACTUALLY ?\<T ?AT ! PROGRAM ( ! 0,C\NCIL0 WAS ( NO IMPORTANCE4 ,IT WAS ! PRICE ?AT HAD TO BE PAID TO AVOID ISOLATION4 ,:AT WAS ( IMPORTANCE = !M WAS ! FACT ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD CONT9UE TO CONTROL ! V>I\S ,M9I/RIES1 BY WAY ( TE*NICAL COMMISSIONS1 LIKE ?OSE ATTA*$ TO ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY OR ! COMMISSION ( W> 9DU/RIES1 :ILE A GOOD P>T ( ! MILIT>Y & POLICE APP>ATUS W\LD BE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,?IS 9DEF9IT5ESS1 AMBIGUITY & 9COH]5CE L$ !M IRREM$IABLY TO SUPPORT ! PROGRAM ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY1 ?AT IS1 ( ?AT ANTIFASCISM ?AT PROPOS$ ! CON/ITUTION ( A /RONG GOV]NM5T CAPABLE ( 0IMPOS+ ORD]0 ON ! ECONOMY & W9N+ ! W>4 

,ON ! #a#e? ( ,SEPTEMB] A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES WAS HELD 9 ,MADRID1 AT :I* IT WAS RESOLV$ TO APPROVE ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! MILIT>Y1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LEAD]%IP ( REPUBLICAN ,SPA91 ) ! PROPOSAL ( ! =MATION ( A ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE4 ,?IS WAS1 9 %ORT1 A PROPOSAL ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD COLLABORATE ) ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 BY MEANS ( ?IS ,C\NCIL ?AT WAS TO BE COMPOS$ ( FIVE DELEGATES ( ! ,C,N,T1 FIVE FROM ! ,U,G,T & F\R REPUBLICANS4 ,?IS ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL WAS CONCEIV$ AS ! UNIFI$ SUMMIT ( ! V>I\S REGIONAL ,C\NCILS4 ,IT WAS A F$]ALI/ CONCEPTION1 SO DE> TO ! ,C,N,T1 9 :I* ! ECONOMY WAS TO BE SOCIALIZ$ & ! >MY UNIFI$ UND] A UNIT>Y COMM& /RUCTURE & A COMMISS>IAT ( W>4 ,AL?\< IT P]SI/$ 9 ! OLD TRICK ( NOT CALL+ ?+S BY !IR NAMES1 ! ,C,N,T'S PROPOSAL PO9T$ T[>DS ! RECON/RUCTION ( A /RONG & C5TRALIZ$ /ATE4.<#i#d.> 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#f.<#i#e.> A REPORT CONC]N+ ! CASE ( ,CAPTA9 ,BAYO WAS PRES5T$1 AN ORD] WAS ISSU$ TO REMOVE ! BALES ( COTTON FROM ! B>RICADES1.<#i#f.> ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS W]E AU?ORIZ$ TO ISSUE A SPECIAL ,SECTION ID5TITY C>D1 9 ADDITION TO ! ONE ALREADY POSSESS$ BY EA* PATROL1 & IT WAS AGRE$ TO AWAIT ! RETURN ( ,T>RADELLAS 9 ORD] TO DISPAT* A COMMISSION FROM ! ,C,C,M,A TO ,MADRID4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#h.<#i#g.> IT WAS AGRE$ TO ORGANIZE COA/AL DEF5SE ) MILITIAM5 FROM ! LOCAL COMMITTEES1 ?AT A COMMISSION ( 9=MATION & C5SOR%IP %\LD BE APPO9T$ ?AT W\LD BE COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( EV]Y ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS P>T ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 TO CREATE A NEW ,I,D C>D = ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PATROLS1 & ?AT 0A COMMISSION COMPOS$ ( ! COMRADES ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,MIRAVITLLES1 ,VIDIELLA & ,GORK9 %\LD MEET ) ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT TOMORR[ & ?AT ! LATT] %\LD MAKE AN APPO9TM5T TO RECEIVE !M04 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #ai A COMMISSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 COMPOS$ ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,MIRAVITLLES1 ,VIDIELLA & ,GORK9 MET ) ,COMPANYS 9 ORD] TO DELIV] ! PROPOSAL DRAFT$ BY ,MIRET CONC]N+ ! =MATION ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ?AT IS1 ( ! NEW ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ?AT W\LD 9CLUDE AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ,M9I/]S1 ONCE ! GREAT SEMANTIC DILEMMA AB\T CALL+ ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT :AT IT ALWAYS REALLY WAS1 ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 WAS F9ALLY RESOLV$4 ,ON ?AT SAME DAY.<#i#h.> ,VIDIELLA1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,MIRAVITLLES W]E NAM$ AS MEMB]S ( ! COMMISSION ?AT WAS TO TRAVEL TO ,MADRID TO 0NEGOTIATE ) ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! RESULT ( ! J\RNEY ( ! COMRADE ,M9I/] ,T>RADELLAS04.<#i#i.> 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b.<#a.>1 9 ! ROYAL RECEPTION HALL ( ! ,CAPITANIA1 AT #f3 P4M41 A SPECIAL SESSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A CONV5$ ?AT WAS ATT5D$ BY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,FABREGAS1 ,ALCON1 ,VIDIELLA1 ,MIRAVITLLES1 ,F]N&EZ1 ,TORR5TS & ,GORK91 ALONG ) 9VITEES SU* AS ,SESE = ! ,U,G,T1 ,ESCORZA = ! ,F,A,I & ,CALVET = ! ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES1 TO 9ITIATE DISCUSSIONS ) ! ,MOROCCAN DELEGATES ,MOHAMM$ ,EL ,OHAZZ>I & ,OM> ,ABD-EL-,JALIL1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,MOROCCAN ,ACTION ,COMMITTEE1 :O HAD >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 E>LY ,SEPTEMB] = ! PURPOSE ( OBTA9+ SUPPORT = ,MOROCCAN 9DEP5D5CE4 ,AT ?IS MEET+ ! SUPPORT ( ! ,C,C,M,A = ! ,MOROCCAN DELEGATION WAS SOLEMNLY =MALIZ$1 & IT WAS PROMIS$ ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A W\LD TRY TO GET ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC TO DECL>E ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,SPANI% ,PROTECTORATE 9 ,MOROCCO4.<#a#a.> ,! SESSION1 :I* WAS CONDUCT$ 9 A =MAL MANN]1 5D$ AT #f3#a#e P4M4 

,A PHOTOGRAPH EXI/S 70,HI/ORIA ,GRAFICA DEL ,MOVIM5T ,OBR] A ,CATALUNYA01 ,DIPUTACIO DE ,B>CELONA1 #a#i#h#i71 TAK5 AFT] ! SIGN+ ( ! AGREEM5T BY ! ,MOROCCAN ,ACTION ,COMMITTEE& ! ,C,C,M,A1 9 :I* ONE CAN RECOGNIZE1 AMONG O!RS 7FROM LEFT TO RI<T71 ,M>CELLO ,>GILA ,PAZZAGLIA1 ! TWO ,MORROCAN DELEGATES1 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,JULIAN ,GOMEZ ,G>CIA 70,GORK9071 ,MANUEL ,E/RADA ,MAN*ON1 ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA1 ,M>IANO ,RODRIGUEZ ,VAZQUEZ 70,M>IANET071 ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA DEL ,VAL 7) CRUT*ES7 & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ ,SAN*EZ4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#a.<#a#b.> IT WAS RESOLV$ TO ADD ,GORK9 TO ! COMMISSION ?AT WAS TO BE DISPAT*$ TO ,MADRID & ?AT ,GU>N] & ,MIRET %\LD APPO9T AN (FIC] TO COMM& ! COA/AL DEF5SES4 

,AT ! MEET+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #b#b.<#a#c.>1 ! ,C,C,M,A DECID$ TO 0PROHIBIT ! 5TRY 9TO ,CATALUNA ( ! FAMILIES FROM ,MADRID & ! PROV9CES :O >E CON/ANTLY >RIV+ 9 ,B>CELONA1 & ?AT !Y %\LD BE RETURN$ TO !IR PLACES ( ORIG904 ,?IS RESOLUTION WAS TRANSMITT$ TO ! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & TO ! RAILROAD WORK]S ,COMMITTEES ( ,B>CELONA1 ,L]IDA1 ,TORTOSA1 ,MORA DE ,EBRO1 ,VAL5CIA & ,MADRID = ITS EFFECTIVE IMPLEM5TATION4.<#a#d.> 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#e.<#a#e.> ! ,C,C,M,A VOT$ TO BROADCA/ A MESSAGE TO ! CRUIS] 0,LIB]TAD0 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! PRESS1 WAS TRANSPORT+ ! MORTAL REMA9S ( ! H]OIC MILITIAWOMAN ,LIDIA ,OD5A1 9=M+ ! %IP'S CAPTA9 ( ! RESOLUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A ACCORD+ TO :I* ! COMRADES KILL$ AT ! FRONT W]E TO BE BURI$ AT ! FRONT1 & ?AT !Y C\LD NOT BE %IPP$ BACK TO ! RE>GU>D )\T ! EXPRESS P]MISSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 & ?AT IF ! %IP HAD ALREADY LEFT PORT1 ?AT UPON ITS >RIVAL 9 ,B>CELONA ! BURIAL %\LD BE C>RI$ \T )\T ANY PUBLIC DEMON/RATION4 

,?IS WAS ! LA/ ACT ( ! ,C,C,M,A ?AT WE CAN ID5TIFY4 ,AS SOON AS ,SEPTEMB] #a#h1 ITS RESOLUTIONS W]E V]Y BRIEF & DRAFT$ 9 A TELEGRAPHIC /YLE1 AL?\< ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ! ,C,C,M,A HELD TWO MORE MEET+S1 ON ! #b#g? & ! #b#h?1.<#a#f.> BE=E ITS LA/ SESSION :5 IT (FICIALLY DISB&$1 :I* TOOK PLACE ON ,OCTOB] #a1 #a#i#c#f4 

,! ,B,A,L,A,N,C,E ,%,E,E,T ,( ,! ,C,C,M,A ,& ,! ,N,E,W ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T ,( ,! ,G,5,],A,L,I,T,A,T 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #bf ! NEW GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT WAS CON/ITUT$1 ) ,T>RADELLAS AS ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 9 :I* ?REE ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,M9I/]S P>TICIPAT$3 ,JOAN ,PORQU]AS ,FABREGAS AS ,M9I/] ( ! ,ECONOMY1 ,ANTONIO ,G>CIA ,BIRLAN AS ,M9I/] ( ,HEAL? & ,SOCIAL ,WELF>E & ,JOSEP ,JOAN ,DOM5A* AS ,M9I/] ( ,PROVISIONS4.<#a#g.> 

,! RESOLUTION TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,M,A WAS NOT MADE PUBLIC UNTIL ! 5D ( ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 :I* WAS HELD FROM ,SEPTEMB] #be TO #b#g1 & :I* HAD TO =MALLY APPROVE ?IS DISSOLUTION1 :I* WAS PRES5T$ AS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ! 5TRY ( ! C5ETI/AS 9TO ! GOV]NM5T1 S9CE1 9 ! WORDS ( ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HIMSELF3 0TODAY ! ,G5]ALITAT REPRES5TS ALL ( US04 

,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 9 ITS ,SEPTEMB] #b#g? ISSUE1 9SI/$ ON CLAIM+ ?AT A NEW 9/ITUTION CALL$ ! 0,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT0 HAD BE5 CREAT$1 RA!R ?AN A NEW GOV]NM5T2 AFT] ,SEPTEMB] #b#i1 H[EV]1 IT ACCEPT$ ! NEW REALITY & EXPLA9$ ! REASONS :Y ! ,C,N,T 5T]$ ! NEW GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT ANN\NC$ ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A4 ,CURI\SLY1 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS PRES5T$ AS AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! =MATION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :5 9 REALITY IT WAS ONLY :51 BETWE5 ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ & ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,SEPTEMB]1 ?AT IT WAS DECID$ TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,M,A1 :5 ANYONE BEGAN TO DISCUSS ! 5TRY ( ! ,C,N,T 9TO ! GOV]NM5T4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #bh ANO!R ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATIONS WAS HELD 9 ,MADRID1 :]E ! NATIONAL SECRET>Y ,HORACIO ,PRIETO ATTACK$ ! PROPOS$ ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL = ITS LACK ( REALISM4 ,HE SET =? HIS >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR ( PURE & SIMPLE P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,HE 9SI/$ ?AT ?+S %\LD BE CALL$ BY !IR REAL NAMES & ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD DISP5SE ) ITS IDEOLOGICAL PREJUDICES4 ,HE DID NOT1 H[EV]1 OBTA9 ! SUPPORT ( ! DELEGATES TO ! ,PL5UM1 :O M]ELY VOT$ 9 FAVOR ( A MANIFE/O ?AT ACKN[L$G$ ! NE$ = ANTIFASCI/ UNITY4.<#a#h.> 

,ON ! EV5+ ( ,OCTOB] #a/1 ! LA/1 PURELY C]EMONIAL1 SESSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS CONV5$4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] DELIV]$ A CONCLUD+ SPEE* 9 :I* HE CALL$ = ! UNITY ( ALL ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AFT] PROCLAIM+ ?AT HE HAD BE5 A /AUN* DEF5D] ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 BUT ?AT N[ HE W\LD BE A PASSIONATE DEF5D] ( ! NEW ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 HE RESPOND$ TO A QU]Y ( ,MIRAVITLLES BY ASS]T+ ?AT AS A ,CATALANI/ HE C\LD ONLY CELEBRATE ! DECISION ( ! ,C,N,T TO 5T] ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 

,! ,(FICIAL ,BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]ALITAT PUBLI%$ ON ,OCTOB] #c CONTA9$ ! DECREE1 SIGN$ ON ,OCTOB] #a1 9 :I* ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS APPO9T$ G5]AL SECRET>Y ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,DEF5SE1 A NEW POSITION EXPRESSLY CREAT$ = HIM4 ,9 ?IS SAME ISSUE ( ! ,BULLET9 ! ,DECREE ,PROCLAIM+ ! ,DISSOLUTION ( ! ,C,C,M,A WAS ALSO PUBLI%$3 

0,! ,C,C,M,A1 CREAT$ BY ! DECREE ( ,JULY #b#a1 HAS UND]/OOD ?AT1 HAV+ FULFILL$ ! MISSION ?AT IT C]TA9LY P]=M$ SO APPROPRIATELY DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+1 IT MU/ N[ DISSOLVE4 ,!RE=E1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL1 IT IS H]EBY ,DECRE$3 ,>TICLE #a4 ,! ,C,C,M,A1 CREAT$ BY ! ,DECREE ( ,JULY #b#a1 IS DISSOLV$4 ,>TICLE #b4 ,BY DECREE & 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ORD]S P]TA9+ !RETO1 AS REQUIR$1 ! PRES5T ,DECREE WILL BE FULFILL$4 ,B>CELONA1 ,OCTOB] #a1 #a#i#c#f4 ,! ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 ,JOSEP ,T>RADELLAS40 

,9 ! ,(FICIAL ,BULLET9 PUBLI%$ ON ,OCTOB] #d1 BY DECREE SIGN$ ON ,OCTOB] #c1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ WAS APPO9T$ G5]AL SECRET>Y ( ! ,COMMITTEE = ,9T]NAL ,SECURITY4 ,= ! ,C,N,T1 ?IS SIGNIFI$ ! PRES]VATION ( ITS GRASP ON ! KEY POSITIONS ( ,PUBLIC ,ORD] & ! ,MILITIAS4 

,! NEW GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT PROPOS$ TO /R5G!N ! ECONOMY ON ! BASIS ( A PROGRAM 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY & TO RE9=CE ! W> EF=T BY WAY ( COMPULSORY MOBILIZATION & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( DISCIPL9E & A UNIT>Y COMM& /RUCTURE4 

,! PRES5CE ( ALL ! ANTIFASCI/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT IMPLI$ A MAJOR /EP =W>D T[>DS ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( REPUBLICAN LEGALITY & ! REHABILITATION ( ALL /ATE FUNCTIONS4 ,?IS IMPLI$ ! T]M9ATION ( ALL ?OSE REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES ?AT1 9 EV]Y LOCALITY1 EX]CIS$ SOV]EIGN & TOTAL P[]1 FROM ! COLLECTION ( TAXES & MA9T5ANCE ( CONTROL PATROLS TO ! F9ANC+ ( PUBLIC WORKS TO ADDRESS ! PROBLEM ( UNEMPLOYM5T4 

,! ,DECREE ( ,OCTOB] #i1 COMPLEM5T$ BY ! ONE ISSU$ ON ,OCTOB] #a#b1 DECL>$ ! DISSOLUTION ( ALL ! LOCAL COMMITTEES ?AT W]E =M$ ON ,JULY #a#i1 :I* W]E TO BE REPLAC$ BY ! NEW MUNICIPAL AU?ORITIES4 ,DESPITE ! RESI/ANCE ( MANY LOCAL COMMITTEES1 & DESPITE ! DELAY ( SEV]AL MON?S BE=E ! NEW MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5T BODIES C\LD BE CREAT$1 ?IS WAS A DEA?-BL[ FROM :I* ! COMMITTEES W\LD NOT RECOV]4 ,! RESI/ANCE ( ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS1 :O IGNOR$ ! DIRECTIVES ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES & ! ORD]S ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 5DANG]$ ! ANTIFASCI/ PACT4 ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S W]E CAU<T BETWE5 ! ,SCYLLA ( ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS1 RELUCTANT TO OBEY ITS DIRECTIVES1 & ! ,*>YBDIS ( ! *>GE LEVEL$ BY ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ =CES ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO COMPLY1 & 5=CE COMPLIANCE ) ! DECREES ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & BR+ 0! UNCONTROLLABLES0 9TO L9E4 

,?IS WAS ! REAL BALANCE %EET BEQUEA!D BY ! ,C,C,M,A 9 ITS N9E WEEKS ( EXI/5CE3 ! TRANSITION FROM A SITUATION :]E LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES EX]CIS$ ALL P[] 9 ! /REETS & ! FACTORIES1 TO !IR DISSOLUTION = ! EXCLUSIVE B5EFIT ( ! COMPLETE REE/ABLI%M5T ( ! P[] ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! DECREES SIGN$ ON ,OCTOB] #b#d.<#a#i.> CONC]N+ ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! MILITIAS EFFECTIVE AS ( ,NOVEMB] #a & ! PROMULGATION ( ! ,COLLECTIVIZATION DECREE1 COMPLET$ ! DISA/R\S BALANCE %EET ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 ?AT IS1 ! TRANSITION FROM WORK+ CLASS ,MILITIAS COMPOS$ ( REVOLUTION>Y VOLUNTE]S TO A B\RGEOIS >MY ( ! CLASSICAL TYPE1 SUBJECT TO ! MON>*ICAL CODE ( MILIT>Y JU/ICE1 COMM&$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT2 & ! TRANSITION FROM EXPROPRIATIONS & WORK]S CONTROL ( ! FACTORIES TO A C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMY CONTROLL$ & DIRECT$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT4 

,! DELAY 9 ! APPLICATION ( ! DECREES1 PROVOK$ BY ! MUTE BUT DET]M9$ RESI/ANCE ( ! CONF$]AL MILITANTS1 :O W]E /ILL >M$1 CAUS$ ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT TO MAKE ! DIS>MAM5T ( ! RE>GU>D ITS NUMB] ONE PRIORITY1 9ITIAT+ A PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! SO-CALL$ 0UNCONTROLLABLES01 :I* WAS CONFLAT$ ) ! SECOND>Y OBJECTIVE EXPRESS$ 9 ! CON/ANTLY REPEAT$ SLOGAN3 0>MS TO ! FRONT04 

,! P[]FUL RESI/ANCE ( ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ RANK & FILE TO ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! MILITIAS1 TO ! CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY & ! COLLECTIVIZ$ 5T]PRISES BY ! ,G5]ALITAT1 TO ! DIS>M+ ( ! RE>GU>D & TO ! DISSOLUTION ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES1 RESULT$ 9 A DELAY ( SEV]AL MON?S BE=E ! DECREES ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ON !SE MATT]S C\LD REALLY BE 5=C$4 ,?IS RESI/ANCE CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aicg 9 A MAJOR \TBUR/ ( DIS5*ANTM5T1 :I* WAS 9T5SIFI$ BY DISCONT5T ) ! PROGRESS ( ! W>1 9FLATION & ! %ORTAGES ( FOOD & CLO?+1 & L$ TO ! CONSOLIDATION ( A G5]ALIZ$ CRITIQUE ON ! P>T ( ! ,C,N,T RANK & FILE MILITANTS ( ! P>TICIPATION ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 & ! ANTIFASCI/ & COLLABORATIONI/ POLICY ( !IR LEAD]S1 :O W]E ACCUS$ ( =FEIT+ 0! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S ( ,JULY #a#i04 

,/,A,T,E ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,J,U,/,I,F,I,$ ,B,Y ,! ,I,D,E,O,L,O,G,Y ,( ,A,N,T,I,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,U,N,I,T,Y 

,?IS WAS ! 9CUBATOR ?AT GAVE BIR? TO ! ,EV5TS ( ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 :I* ONCE AGA9 SAW ,B>CELONA LITT]$ ) B>RICADES4 ,?IS DISCONT5T EXPLA9S ! EM]G5CE & ! P[] ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P1 :I* 9 ,MAY PROPOS$ ! NECESSITY ( IMPOS+ A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,JUNTA TO REPLACE ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,AFT] ,MAY1 ! ,GR\P WAS ABLE TO EXPRESS ?IS CONF$]AL DISCONT5T 9 AN ANALYSIS 9 :I* IT CLAIM$ ?AT 9 ,JULY #aicf !RE WAS NO REVOLUTION & ?AT ! ,C,C,M,A WAS AN 9/ITUTION ( CLASS COLLABORATION1 & ELABORAT$ A PROGRAM ?AT CONCLUD$ ?AT REVOLUTIONS >E TOTALIT>IAN OR !Y >E DEFEAT$4 ,:AT DI/+UI%$ ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI FROM SO MANY O!R 5RAG$ GR\PS ( C5ETI/AS & AN>*I/S.<#a#a.> WAS PRECISELY ! FACT ?AT ! =M] PROPOS$ A PROGRAM1 :]EAS ! O!RS ISSU$ APPEALS TO C]TA9 AB/RACT & 9EFFECTIVE PR9CIPLES1 :I* W]E %>$ BY ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES !Y W]E CRITICIZ+4 

,ONLY !N1 AFT] ! ,MAY ,DAYS ( #a#i#c#g1 DID ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S ELABORATE !IR JU/IFICATIONS & DI/ORTIONS CONC]N+ :AT HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,SOME BEGAN TO UND]/&1 TOO LATE1 ! IMPACT ( !IR ]RORS & IMPROVIZATIONS4 

,IT WAS !RE=E NECESS>Y TO F9D JU/IFICATIONS = SO MANY MI/AKES1 & TO ELABORATE A RESPONSE ?AT W\LD ALL[ ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S TO REFUSE TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY = ?OSE MI/AKES4 ,! DELEGATION ( ! ,C,N,T TO ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,A,I,T1.<#a#a#a.> 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#c#g1 HAD TO PROVIDE ! FIR/ ANSW]1 UND] ! IMPACT ( ! CON/ANT 9SULTS & ACCUSATIONS ( 9EPTITUDE & AB&ONM5T ( ! IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES ( AN>*OSYNDICALISM ?AT !Y W]E SUBJECT$ TO BY ! MAJORITY ( ! DELEGATES TO ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS4 

0,POLITICAL P[] FELL 9TO \R H&S )\T \R WANT+ IT .<4444.> ,! ,C,C,M,A1 ! 9/ITUTION = ! COORD9ATION ( ! COMBAT =CES AT ! FRONT1 WAS CREAT$4 ,\R ,LIB]T>IAN ,MOVEM5T ACCEPT$ ?IS ,COMMITTEE1 BUT FIR/ WE HAD TO RESOLVE ! MA9 PROBLEM 9 \R ,REVOLUTION3 ANTIFASCI/ COLLABORATION OR AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,WE ACCEPT$ COLLABORATION4 ,:Y8 .<4444.> ! CIRCUM/ANCES MADE US ?9K IT ADVISABLE TO COLLABORATE ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ SECTORS40.<#a#a#b.> 

,9 FACT1 ! ,SPANI% DELEGATION NE$$ ! HELP ( A PRE/IGI\S 9TELLECTUAL TO DEF5D !MSELVES FROM ! ATTACKS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL1 ) A REPORT ?AT EXUD$ A C]TA9 9TELLECTUAL /ATURE4 ,?IS SECRET REPORT SO PLEAS$ ! ,SPANI% AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S ?AT !Y DECID$ TO PUBLI% IT 9 A PROPAG&A PAMPHLET1 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,SPANI%1 DESPITE ! 9CONSI/5CY 5TAIL$ 9 PUBLI%+ A TEXT ?AT HAD BE5 DECL>$ 0SECRET04.<#a#a#c.> 

,9 ?IS PAMPHLET1.<#a#a#d.> ,HELMUT ,RUDIG] FULLY JU/IFI$ ! PRAGMATIC ACTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T AS BE+ DUE TO ! P>TICUL>ITIES ( ,SPA91 AV]R+ ?AT IT WAS A WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T )\T 9TELLECTUALS1 OR ANY !ORETICAL PREP>ATION OR POLITICAL EXP]I5CE1 DUE TO ITS P]MAN5T /ATE ( CL&E/9ITY2 & ?AT IT WAS *>ACT]I/IC ( EXTREMISM1 BAS$ ON A SIMPLIFICATION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS & AN UNLIMIT$ OPTIMISM1 TO ?9K ?AT ALL ?AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS TO PROCLAIM LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ORD] TO TRANS=M MAN 9TO AN ANGELIC BE+4 

,RUDIG]'S 5TIRE >GUM5T CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ AS AN ASSIMILATION & APPLICATION TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! IDEOLOGY ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,RUDIG]1 ,JULY #ai WAS A VICTORY = ! ,C,N,T BECAUSE1 = ! FIR/ TIME EV]1 IT WAS ABLE TO UNITE ! 5TIRE POPULATION BEH9D IT4 ,! ,C,N,T W\LD BE VICTORI\S :5 IT W\LD ONCE AGA9 BE ABLE TO RALLY ! 5TIRE PEOPLE BEH9D IT4 ,?AT IS1 ANTIFASCI/ UNITY JU/IFI$ EV]Y?+1 EXPLA9$ EV]Y?+ & P]MITT$ EV]Y?+4 ,ALL ! PRAGMATIC ACTIONS ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T1 ! AB&ONM5T ( ! ANTI-/ATE !ORIES1 ! AB&ONM5T ( PR9CIPLES1 ! COLLABORATIONISM ) B\RGEOIS P>TIES & ! GOV]NM5T1 ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,MILITIAS1 ! AN>*I/ ,M9I/]S1 ! W> ECONOMY1 EV]Y?+1 ABSOLUTELY EV]Y?+1 WAS JU/IFI$ BY ?IS IDEOLOGY ( ,A,N,T,I,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,U,N,I,T,Y4 ,HELMUT HELP$ ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S TO JU/IFY !IR ]RORS1 !IR 9CAPACITY & !IR CON/ANT IMPROVIZATIONS3 ONE C\LD1 & MU/1 R5\NCE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 & ! REVOLUTION1 9 FAVOR ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY4 

,N[ ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ LEAD]S W]E 5ABL$ TO REWRITE !IR CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY4 ,N[ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS 5ABL$ TO APPE> AS A SACRIFICIAL VICTIM ( ! REJECTION ON ! P>T ( ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION ( HIS PROPOSAL TO 0GO = BROKE04 

,?IS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO CLAIM ?AT1 0:AT BEGAN ON ,JULY #ai WAS NOT YET ! DEF9ITIVE SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 BUT ONLY ! FIR/ /EP ( ?AT REVOLUTION1 ! BEG9N+ ( ! ANTIFASCI/ /RUGGLE04 ,HELMUT CRAFT$ A V]ITABLE AN?OLOGY ( CAT*PHRASES = ! SUPPORT]S ( COLLABORATIONISM3 0,?IS WAS ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTIONS ?AT A VICTORI\S REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION R5\NC$ ITS [N DICTATOR%IP40 

,:AT ,HELMUT DID NOT SAY WAS ?AT ?IS IDEOLOGY ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY PRESUPPOS$ ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ME?ODS & GOALS ( ! PROGRAM ( ! DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOISIE4 

,! ADVOCATES ( ,/ATE AN>*ISM & ?OSE :O SUPPORT$ ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION W]E1 & >E1 9COMPATIBLE4 ,! ABS5CE ( AN IDEOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL BREAK )9 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T C\LD ONLY LEAD1 FIR/ TO ! SUPPRESSION1 & LAT] TO ! ASSIMILATION ( ! CRITICAL SECTORS ) ! WOR/ AB]RATIONS ( ,/ATE AN>*ISM4 ,)\T SU* A BREAK A PROCESS ( CL>IFICATION & DELIMITATION BETWE5 ! POSITIONS ( ! V>I\S FACTIONS C\LD NOT TAKE PLACE4 ,AMBIGUITY & CONFUSIONISM COMPRIS$ ! O!R DEFEAT ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS PREGNANT ) CONSEQU5CES = ITS FUTURE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b -- ,ADD$4 

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