,P>T #a 
,! ,VICTORI\S ,9SURRECTION ( ,JULY #aicf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,A4,G4 ,S*W>Z 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T #a -- ,! ,VICTORI\S ,9SURRECTION ( ,JULY #aicf 

,VIV]E MILIT>E E/4 7,TO LIVE IS TO FI<T47 

,S5ECA1 ,EPI/ULAE ,MORALES 


,T,O ,>,M,S1 ,T,O ,>,M,S6 

,AT SIXTE5 HUNDR$ H\RS ON ! SIXTE5?1 ! >MY ROSE UP 9 REVOLT 9 ,MELILLA4 ,! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA1 :5 ASK$ BY SOME J\RNALI/S AB\T :AT HE WAS GO+ TO DO AB\T ! UPRIS+1 RESPOND$ ) A LITTLE JOKE3 0,!Y HAVE >IS58 ,GOOD4 ,I AM GO+ TO B$40 ,ON ,JULY #a#h1 #aicf ! MILIT>Y REBELLION HAD SPREAD TO ALL ( ,MOROCCO1 ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S & ,SEVILLE4 

,! MILIT>Y G>RISON ( ,B>CELONA HAD APPROXIMATELY SIX ?\S& M51 AGA9/ ALMO/ TWO ?\S& ASSAULT GU>DS & TWO HUNDR$ 0MOSSOS D'ESQUADRA0 .<A SPECIAL DEF5SE CORPS ( ! ,G5]ALITAT.>4 ,! CIVIL GU>DS1 :OSE LOYALTIES W]E UNC]TA91 HAD AB\T ?REE ?\S& M54 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HAD AB\T TW5TY ?\S& MILITANTS ORGANIZ$ 9 NEI<BORHOOD DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 READY TO TAKE UP >MS4 ,! ,C,N,T AGRE$1 9 ! LIAISON COMMISSION ?AT 9CLUD$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,C,N,T1 ! ,G5]ALITAT & LOYAL MILIT>Y (FIC]S1 TO CONFRONT ! REBELS ) ONLY ONE ?\S& >M$ MILITANTS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,C,N,T'S NEGOTIATIONS ) ,ESC(ET1 ! POLICE COMMISSION]1 & ) ,ESPANA1 ! REGIONAL M9I/] = ! ,GOV]NM5T1 W]E UNPRODUCTIVE4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ,JULY #ag ! C5ETI/A .<MEMB] ( ! ,C,N,T.> ,JUAN ,YAGUE1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,M>ITIME ,TRANSPORT ,TRADE ,UNION1 ORGANIZ$ ! ASSAULT ON ! WEAPONS LOCK]S ( ! %IPS DOCK$ AT ! PORT1 OBTA9+ AB\T #ae RIFLES2 !SE W]E TO BE ADD$ TO ! GUNS TAK5 ON ! #a#h? FROM ! GUN %OPS1 SECURITY GU>DS & NI<T WAT*M5 ( ! CITY4 ,?IS SMALL >S5AL1 /OR$ AT ! ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION HEADQU>T]S ON ! ,RAMBLAS1 L$ TO A CONFRONTATION ) ! POLICE COMMISSION]1 :O DEM&$ ?AT ! WEAPONS BE H&$ OV] TO HIM4 ,!RE WAS SOME RISK ( AN >M$ CONFRONTATION ) ! ASSAULT GU>DS1 & ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS !MSELVES HURL$ ABUSE AT ?OSE :O W]E1 9 !IR OP9ION1 MU* TOO CONCILIATORY3 ,DURRUTI & ,G>CIA ,OLIV]4 ,! 9CID5T WAS DEFUZ$ ) ! SURR5D] TO ,GU>N]1 ,ESC(ET'S SECOND 9 COMM&1 ( SOME OLD 9OP]ATIVE RIFLES1 :I* PREV5T$ A BREAK BETWE5 ! REPUBLICANS & ! AN>*I/S ON ! EVE ( ! MILIT>Y C\P4 

,/>T+ AT ?REE 9 ! MORN+ ON ,JULY #a#i?1 A GR[+ CR[D DEM&$ >MS FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T ,*ANCELLORY1 AT ! ,PLAZA ,PALACIO4 ,!RE W]E NO >MS = ! PEOPLE1 BECAUSE ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT WAS MORE AFRAID ( A WORK]S REVOLUTION ?AN IT WAS ( ! MILIT>Y REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 FROM ! BALCONY ( ! ,*ANCELLORY1 ORD]$ ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS TO KEEP 9 T\* ) ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES ( !IR RESPECTIVE NEI<BORHOODS1 OR TO ADVANCE ON ! B>RACKS ( ,SAN ,&RES TO AWAIT AN OPPORTUNITY TO SEIZE ! >MS /OR$ !RE4 ,A LITTLE LAT]1 :5 ! UPRIS+ WAS ANN\NC$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! MILITANTS BEGAN FRAT]NIZ+ ) ! ASSAULT GU>DS AT ,SAN ,&RES :5 ! LATT]1 EQUIPP$ ) EV]Y V>IETY ( SMALL >MS1 SURR5D]$ !IR GUNS TO ! CIVILIAN VOLUNTE]S :O ASK$ = !M4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,DEPUTY ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,AVIATION ,S]VICES1 ,S]V&O ,MEANA1.<#a.> A ,C,N,T SYMPA?IZ]1 :O WAS ACT+ AS A LIAISON BETWE5 ! ,PRAT ,AIRFIELD & ,JOSE ,M>IA ,ESPANA1 DELIV]$ ! >MS /OR$ 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T ,BUILD+S TO ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S.<#b.> ON HIS [N RESPONSIBILITY & AT HIS [N RISK1 )\T ! KN[L$GE ( HIS SUP]IORS4 ,! C5ETI/AS ( ! ,*EMICAL ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION BEGAN TO MANUFACTURE H& GR5ADES4 

,! ,S,I,R,5,S ,( ,! ,F,A,C,T,O,R,I,E,S ,( ,P,U,E,B,L,O ,N,U,E,V,O ,S,\,N,D ,! ,C,A,L,L ,T,O ,B,A,T,T,L,E 

,AT F\R-FIFTE5 ON ! MORN+ ( ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f1 ! TROOPS ( ! ,BRUC B>RACKS1 9 ,P$RALBES1 M>*$ 9TO ! /REETS1 HEAD+ = ,APRIL #ad ,AV5UE 7N[ KN[N AS ,DIAGONAL7 T[>DS ! C5T] ( ! CITY4 ,! WORK]S1 PO/$ 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ! B>RACKS1 HAD ORD]S TO S\ND ! AL>M BUT NOT TO 5GAGE ! SOLDI]S UNTIL !Y CAME V]Y CLOSE TO ! CITY C5T]4 ,! PREVI\SLY-DET]M9$ TACTIC ( ! ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE =ESAW ?AT IT W\LD BE EASI] TO FI<T ! TROOPS 9 ! /REETS ?AN IF !Y REMA9$ 5TR5*$ 9 !IR B>RACKS4 

,! ,JUPIT] FOOTBALL FIELD ON ,LOPE DE ,VEGA ,/REET WAS US$ AS A /AG+ >EA FROM :I* TO 9ITIATE ! WORK]S 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+1 DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! HOMES ( ! MAJORITY ( ! AN>*I/ MEMB]S ( ! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P W]E LOCAT$ 9 ! VIC9ITY1 AS WELL AS ! L>GE NUMB]S ( ,C,N,T MILITANTS :O ALSO LIV$ 9 ?AT NEI<BORHOOD4 ,! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO HAD REQUISITION$ TWO TRUCKS FROM A NE>BY TEXTILE FACTORY1 :I* W]E !N P>K$ NE> ! ,JUPIT] FOOTBALL FIELD1 & :I* W]E PROBABLY US$ AS CL&E/9E >S5ALS BY ! AN>*I/S4 ,GREGORIO ,JOV] LIV$ AT NUMB] #bgf ,PUJADES ,/REET4 ,?R\<\T ! NI<T ( ! #a#h? TO ! #a#i? ( ,JULY1 ! :OLE SECOND FLOOR ( ?AT BUILD+ WAS CONV]T$ 9TO ! MEET+ PLACE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P1 AWAIT+ ! NEWS ( ! REBELS TAK+ TO ! /REETS4 ,JOV] WAS JO9$ BY3 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 :O LIV$ NE>BY1 AT NUMB] #gb ( ,ESPRONC$A ,/REET1 ALMO/ AT ! CORN] ( ,LLULL2 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI1 :O LIV$ LESS ?AN A KILOMET] AWAY1 9 ! ,CLOT NEI<BORHOOD2 ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ1 BORN 9 ! ,LA ,PLATA NEI<BORHOOD ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ,9DEP5D5CIA & ,WAD ,RAS ,/REETS 7N[ ,BADAJOZ_/,DOCTOR ,TRUETA72 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 :O ALSO LIV$ NE>BY ON ,SAN ,JUAN DE ,MALTA ,/REET2 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 ALSO A RESID5T ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO2 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & 0! ,VAL5CIAN0 ,JOSE ,P]EZ ,IBANEZ4 ,FROM ,JOV]'S W9D[ ONE C\LD SEE ! F5CE ( ! ,JUPIT] FOOTBALL FIELD1 NEXT TO :I* ! TWO TRUCKS W]E P>K$4 ,AT FIVE 9 ! MORN+ A MESSAGE >RIV$ 9=M+ ,JOV] & HIS COMRADES ?AT ! TROOPS HAD BEGUN TO LEAVE ! B>RACKS4 ,LOPE DE ,VEGA1 ,ESPRONC$A1 ,LLULL & ,PUJADES ,/REETS1 :I* BORD]$ ON ! ,JUPIT] FOOTBALL FIELD1 W]E FULL ( >M$ ,C,N,T MILITANTS4 ,AB\T TW5TY OR SO ( ! MO/ EXP]I5C$ MILITANTS1 TEMP]$ 9 A ?\S& /REET BATTLES1 BO>D$ ! TRUCKS4 ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ & ,RIC>DO ,SANZ MANN$ A MA*9E GUN BEH9D ! CAB ( ! LEAD+ TRUCK4 ,! SIR5S ( ! TEXTILE FACTORIES ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO BEGAN TO S\ND1 PROCLAIM+ ! G5]AL /RIKE & ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION1 & C\LD BE HE>D 9 NE>BY NEI<BORHOODS & AT ! PORT4 ,?IS WAS ! AGRE$-UPON SIGNAL = ! CALL TO BATTLE4 ,& ?IS TIME ! AL>M ( ! SIR5S LIT]ALLY MEANT ?AT >MS MU/ BE TAK5 UP = DEF5SE AGA9/ ! 5EMY3 0TO >MS04 ,! TWO TRUCKS1 FLY+ ! BLACK & R$ FLAG1 FOLL[$ BY A COLUMN ( >M$ M5 S++ 0,SONS ( ! ,PEOPLE0 & 0,TO ! ,B>RICADES01 5C\RAG$ BY ! NEI<BORS CR[D+ ! BALCONIES1 M>*$ D[N ,PUJADES ,/REET TO ! ,RAMBLA ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 TO WALK UP TO ,P$RO ,I,V ,/REET1 & FROM !RE TO ! ,CON/RUCTION ,TRADE ,UNION (FICES ON ,M]CAD]S ,/REET1 & !N TO ! ,METAL ,WORK]S & ,TRANSPORT ,TRADE ,UNION HEADQU>T]S ON ! ,RAMBLAS4 ,NEV] BE=E HAD ! V]SES ( !SE SONGS CONVEY$ SU* MEAN+3 0AL?\< WE EXPECT PA9 & DEA? AGA9/ ! 5EMY1 DUTY CALLS US1 ! MO/ PRECI\S GOOD IS LIB]TY1 IT MU/ BE DEF5D$ ) FAI? & ) VALOR02 0) \R BODIES WE %ALL SUBDUE ! FASCI/ HY5A1 & ! 5TIRE PEOPLE ) ! AN>*I/S WILL MAKE LIB]TY TRIUMPH04 

,! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P1 N[ TRANS=M$ 9TO A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 DIRECT$ ! WORK]S 9SURRECTION 9 ,B>CELONA AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ FROM ONE ( !SE TRUCKS P>K$ ON ! ,PLAZA DEL ,TEATRO4 ,BY COMM&+ ! ,RAMBLAS ! REVOLUTION>IES PREV5T$ ! L9K-UP ( ! REBELS :O W]E PROCE$+ FROM ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA & ,AT>AZANAS-,CAPITANIA1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT ALL[$ = ! RAPID DISPAT*1 BY WAY ( ! SIDE /REETS & ALLEYS ( ! ,*9O & ,RIB]A NEI<BORHOODS1 ( RE9=CEM5TS TO HELP ! COMBATANTS AT ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO & ,IC>IA ,AV5UE4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO PREV5T ! TROOPS :O HAD LEFT !IR B>RACKS 9 ! \T] P>TS ( ! CITY FROM REA*+ ! C5T] ( ! CITY & L9K+ UP ) ,CAPITANIA-,AT>AZANAS1 OR SEIZ+ ! N]VE C5T]S ( ! TELEPHONE1 TELEGRAPH1 PO/AL & RADIO TRANSMITT] 9/ALLATIONS4 

,! 9VALUABLE COLLABORATION ( ! >TILL]Y S]GEANTS ,VAL]IANO ,GORDO & ,M>T9 ,T]R] FROM ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS1.<#c.> :O OP5$ ! DOOR ?AT FAC$ ON ,SANTA ,MADRONA ,/REET1 ALL[$ ! 5TRY ( ! >M$ AN>*I/ GR\PS & ! >RE/ ( ALMO/ ! 5TIRE (FIC] CORPS :O W]E CONDUCT$ UND] >RE/ ?R\< ?AT SAME DOOR TO ,SANTA ,MADRONA ,/REET4 ,BUT A BUR/ ( MA*9E GUN FIRE FROM ! NE>BY BUILD+ H\S+ ! ,(FIC]S' ,QU>T]S P]MITT$ ! ESCAPE ( ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLUBI1 :O !N TOOK COMM& ( ! RESI/ANCE4 ,! HEAVY B>R$ DOORS ( ! WIDE PLAZAS ?AT CONNECT$ ! OLD M$IEVAL ,AT>AZANAS ) ! BUILD+ ( ! ,MAE/RANZA 7N[ DEMOLI%$71 :I* FAC$ DIRECTLY ON ! ,RAMBLAS1 :]E ! (FICES ( ! ,>TILL]Y ,BRIGADE & ! QU>T]S ( SOME (FIC]S1 MADE IT POSSIBLE = ! SOLDI]S :O W]E 5TR5*$ !RE TO RESI/ ! ATTACK4 ,! REBELS REGA9$ CONTROL ( ! B>RACKS1 BUT ! AN>*I/S HAD SEIZ$ F\R MA*9E GUNS1 SEV]AL HUNDR$ RIFLES & SEV]AL CRATES ( AMMUNITION4 ,! CROSSFIRE ?AT WAS SET UP BETWE5 ! (FICE BUILD+S & ?AT P>T ( ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS ?AT FAC$ ! ,RAMBLA DE ,SANTA ,MONICA1 TO :I* WAS ADD$ ! FIRE FROM ! MA*9E GUNS 9/ALL$ AT ! BASE ( ! ,COLUMBUS MONUM5T1 MADE !IR POSITION IMPREGNABLE4 ,S9CE ! MILITANTS FROM ! ,METAL ,WORK]S & ,TRANSPORT ,TRADE ,UNIONS HAD LEFT = ,B>CELONETA1 ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ =CES ?AT REMA9$ 9 ! ,PLAZA DEL ,TEATRO DECID$ TO PO/PONE ! ASSAULT 9 ORD] TO TRANSF] !IR =CES TO ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 ) ! >MS TAK5 FROM ,AT>AZANAS1 LEAV+ ! SECTOR UND] ! ,RAMBLAS1 ) ! BUILD+S ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICES & ! ,MAE/RANZA ( ,AT>AZANAS SURR\ND$ BY A GR\P UND] ! COMM& ( ,DURRUTI1 ) AN >TILL]Y PIECE MANAG$ BY ,S]GEANT ,GORDO4 

,! ,R,E,B,E,L ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,=,C,E,S ,O,C,C,U,P,Y ,! ,P,L,A,Z,A ,D,E ,E,S,P,A,N,A ,& ,! ,P,L,A,Z,A ,D,E ,L,A ,U,N,I,V,],S,I,D,A,D 

,AT AB\T F\R-FIFTE5 9 ! MORN+ ?REE SQUADRONS BELONG+ TO ! ,CAVALRY ,REGIM5T ( ,MONTESA BEGAN TO MAKE !IR WAY ON FOOT FROM ! B>RACKS ON ,T>RAGONA ,/REET4 ,! FIR/ SQUADRON1 AFT] AN 9ITIAL EX*ANGE ( FIRE ) ASSAULT GU>DS ?AT LA/$ AB\T TW5TY M9UTES1 OCCUPI$ ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 ) A MA*9E GUN UNIT1 & !N BEGAN FRAT]NIZ+ ) ! ASSAULT GU>DS FROM ! B>RACKS LOCAT$ AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ! ,GRAN ,VIA-,P>ALELO1 NEXT TO ! ,HOTEL ,OLIMPICO 7TODAY ! ,CATALONIA ,PLAZA ,HOTEL74 ,! ASSAULT GU>DS & ! CAVALRY SQUADRON REA*$ A CURI\S NON-AGGRESSION PACT1 & OV] ! C\RSE ( ! MORN+ RE9=CEM5TS1 :I* W]E NOT MOLE/$1 LEFT ! B>RACKS ( ! ASSAULT GU>DS = ,C9CO DE ,OROS & ,B>CELONETA1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT !SE ASSAULT GU>DS W]E ALL[+ ! REBELS TO HOLD ! VANTAGE PO9T ( ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 & LAT] ALL[$ ! PASSAGE ( A COMPANY ( SAPP]S FROM ! 5G9E]S B>RACKS ( ,LEPANTO1 :I* PROCE$$ ALONG ! ,P>ALELO UNTIL IT >RIV$ AT ,AT>AZANAS & ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICE ,BUILD+4 

,ON ,CRUZ ,CUBI]TA ,/REET1 9 FRONT ( ! ,HO/AFRANCS ,MUNICIPAL ,BUILD+1 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE ]ECT$ A B>RICADE ?AT BLOCK$ ! ROAD4 ,! REBEL TROOPS HAD TWO >TILL]Y PIECES1 LOCAT$ NEXT TO ! F\NTA9 9 ! C5T] ( ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 :I* HAD BE5 BR\<T 9 TRUCKS FROM ! B>RACKS AT ! ,DOCKS4 ,! MILIT>Y FIR$ AN >TILL]Y SALVO AT ! B>RICADE AT ,HO/AFRANCS1 BUT AIM$ TOO HI<1 & ! %ELLS EXPLOD$ 9 A SMALL B>RICADE ON ! SIDE /REET ( ,RIEGO1 KILL+ EI<T PEOPLE & W\ND+ ELEV54 ,IT WAS A ,DANTEESQUE SC5E1 ) >MS1 LEGS & *UNKS ( HUMAN FLE% HANG+ FROM ! TREES1 LAMPPO/S & TROLLEY CABLES4 ,! DECAPITAT$ HEAD ( A WOMAN WAS F\ND SEV5TY MET]S FROM H] TORSO4 ,! REBELS CONTROLL$ ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA UNTIL ?REE 9 ! AFT]NOON4 

,! SECOND SQUADRON1 ) A MA*9E GUN UNIT1 :I* WAS JO9$ BY A GR\P ( RI<TI/S1 WAS 5GAG$ 9 BATTLE ON ,VAL5CIA ,/REET1 BUT GA9$ !IR OBJECTIVE1 :I* WAS TO DOM9ATE ! ,PLAZA DE LA ,UNIV]SIDAD & TO OCCUPY ! UNIV]SITY BUILD+1 9 :OSE T[]S !Y PLAC$ MA*9E GUNS4 ,!Y *ECK$ ! ID5TIFICATION PAP]S ( ALL ! P$E/RIANS1 DETA9+ ?OSE :O W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T OR ! P>TIES ( ! LEFT1 AMONG :OM WAS ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA4 ,9 ! C\RTY>D ( ! ,UNIV]SITY !Y EX*ANG$ FIRE ) AN >M$ GR\P FROM ! ,P,\,M4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! MORN+ ! REBELS W]E =C$ TO )DRAW TO ! ,UNIV]SITY ,BUILD+1 PURSU$ BY A GR\P ( ASSAULT GU>DS AT :OM !Y HAD BE5 %OOT+1 & ! MEMB]S ( ! ,P,\,M :O HAD OCCUPI$ ! ,SEM9>Y1 FROM :I* !Y SWEPT ! ,UNIV]SITY G>D5S ) GUNFIRE4 ,COMPLETELY SURR\ND$1 & AFT] LOS+ A L>GE NUMB] ( !IR M5 TO DES]TION1 ! REBELS SURR5D]$ AT TWO-?IRTY 9 ! AFT]NOON TO A DETA*M5T ( ! CIVIL GU>D1 & CAME \T 9TO ! /REET BEH9D ! %IELD ( ! CIVILIAN PRISON]S !Y HAD CAPTUR$4 

,! ,R,E,B,E,L,S ,W,9 ,A ,B,A,T,T,L,E3 ,! ,5,G,9,E,],S ,B,E,S,I,E,G,E ,! ,A,S,S,A,U,L,T ,G,U,>,D,S 

,FROM ! ,LEPANTO 5G9E]S' B>RACKS1 LOCAT$ ON ! ,GRAN ,VIA1 ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,B>CELONA1 9 ,HOSPITALET DE ,LLOBREGAT 7AT :AT IS N[ ! ,PLAZA ,C]DA1 ON ! SITE :]E !Y >E BUILD+ ! 0,JUDICIAL ,C5T]071 A COMPANY ( SAPP]S HAD EM]G$ AT AB\T F\R-?IRTY & HEAD$ T[>DS ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 :]E !Y FRAT]NIZ$ ) ! CAVALRY SQUADRON1 :I* DOM9AT$ ! VIC9ITY ) MA*9E GUNS & LI<T >TILL]Y1 & ) ! ASSAULT GU>DS PO/$ !RE1 EV5 ?\< ! LATT] HAD DISPLAY$ ON ! DOOR ( !IR B>RACKS ! PROCLAMATION ( ! DECL>ATION ( A /ATE ( W>4 ,GIV5 ! CALM SITUATION ?AT PREVAIL$ !RE1 !Y W]E ORD]$ TO PROCE$ TO ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICES 7! CURR5T ,MILIT>Y ,BUILD+1 ACROSS FROM ! ,COLUMBUS MONUM5T74 ,!Y M>*$ D[N ! ,P>ALELO1 & ,VILA Y ,VILA ,/REET1 UNTIL !Y REA*$ ! ,BALE>ES DOCK1 :]E !Y W]E CONFRONT$ BY A COMPANY ( ASSAULT GU>DS ?AT HAD >RIV$ FROM ,B>CELONETA1 :I* WAS DEFEAT$.<#d.> BECAUSE IT WAS CAU<T 9 ! CROSSFIRE FROM ,AT>AZANAS & ! SAPP]S4 ,AFT] LEAV+ A SMALL GR\P 9 ,AT>AZANAS ! MAJORITY TOOK UP POSITIONS 9 ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICE ,BUILD+ 9 ORD] TO DEF5D IT4 ,! REBELS HAD A*IEV$ !IR FIR/ VICTORY & ,ESC(ET LO/ CONTROL ( ! ,P>ALELO4 ,! REBELS CONSOLIDAT$ !IR HOLD ON ! M$IEVAL %IPY>DS1 ! ,ADUANA & ! ELECTRIC P[] PLANT ( ! ?REE SMOKE/ACKS1 & !RE=E CONTROLL$ ! PLAZA >\ND ! ,COLUMBUS MONUM5T & ! L[] P>T ( ! ,P>ALELO4 ,9 ORD] TO BREAK !IR HOLD & TO ISOLATE ! REBELS AT ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA FROM ?OSE AT ,AT>AZANAS1 ! WORK]S ( ! ,WOODWORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION & ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUEBLO ,SECO RAPIDLY CON/RUCT$ AN 5ORM\S B>RICADE AT ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 BETWE5 ,EL ,MOL9O & ! ,*ICAGO ,B>4 

,! ,P,E,O,P,L,E ,D,E,F,E,A,T ,! ,>,M,Y ,O,N ,! ,P,>,A,L,E,L,O 

,! ?IRD SQUADRON :I* HAD LEFT ! CAVALRY B>RACKS ON ,T>RAGONA ,/REET WAS ORD]$ TO CONSOLIDATE REBEL CONTROL ( ! ,P>ALELO1 ) ! OBJECTIVE ( L9K+ UP !IR B>RACKS ) ! ,CAPITANIA4 ,N[1 H[EV]1 :5 !Y REA*$ ! VIC9ITY ( ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 !Y W]E 9CAPABLE ( GETT+ PA/ A MONUM5TAL B>RICADE BUILT ( COBBLE/ONES & S&BAGS1 :I* =M$ A D\BLE RECTANGLE ACROSS HALF ! AV5UE1 BECAUSE AN 9T5SE HAIL ( GUNFIRE PREV5T$ !M FROM PROCE$+4 ,! SOLDI]S W]E ONLY ABLE TO OCCUPY ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,WOODWORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION ( ! ,C,N,T ON ,ROSAL ,/REET & ! B>RICADE 9 FRONT ( ! BUILD+1 AB&ON$ BY ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS :51 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,MOLA ,PLAN1.<#e.> ! REBEL SOLDI]S ADVANC$ BEH9D A HUMAN %IELD ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 FROM ! NEI<BORHOOD4 ,!N ! SOLDI]S 9/ALL$ ?REE MA*9E GUNS1 ONE 9 FRONT ( ,LA ,TRANQUILIDAD ,B> 7#f#i ,P>ALELO1 NEXT TO ! ,VICTORIA !AT]71 ANO!R ON ! RO( ( ! BUILD+ NEXT TO ,EL ,MOL9O1 & ! ?IRD ON ! B>RICADE ( ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 :I* W]E EMPLOY$ TO FULL EFFECT4 ,IT WAS N[ EI<T 9 ! MORN+4 ,IT TOOK ! ?IRD SQUADRON TWO H\RS TO TAKE ! B>RICADE1 :I* WAS DEF5D$ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE ( ,PUEBLO ,SECO & MILITANTS ( ! WOODWORK]S TRADE UNION4 ,BUT ! WORK]S CONT9U$ TO H>ASS ! TROOPS FROM ! O!R SIDE ( ! ,BRE*A1 FROM ! T]RACES ( NE>BY BUILD+S & FROM ALL ! ADJO9+ SIDE /REETS & ALLEYS4 ,AT ELEV5 9 ! MORN+ ! ?IRD SQUADRON HAD SUCCESSFULLY A*IEV$ FULL CONTROL ( ! 5TIRETY ( ! ,BRE*A1 AFT] FIVE H\RS ( COMBAT4 ,H[EV]1 ! ATTEMPT MADE BY ! TROOPS LOCAT$ AT ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA TO RE9=CE !IR COMRADES AT ! ,BRE*A WAS ?W>T$ :5 !Y REA*$ ! ,AV5IDA ,!AT] 7AT #ahb ,P>ALELO7 & W]E SUBJECT$ TO GUNFIRE FROM ! WALLS ( ! FAIRGR\ND 5CLOSURE ?AT FAC$ ! ,P>ALELO1 & FROM ,TAM>IT4 ,! C5ETI/AS DECID$ TO M\NT A C\NT]ATTACK AGA9/ ! ,BRE*A1 9DIRECTLY FROM ,CONDE DEL ,ASALTO 7N[ ,N\ DE LA ,RAMBLA7 & O!R PO9TS1 )\T SUCCESS4 ,! LOCAL RESID5TS BUILT B>RICADES ON ! SIDE /REETS ( ! ,P>ALELO NEXT TO ,POETA ,CABANYES & ,TAPIOLES4 ,AB\T A DOZ5 ASSAULT GU>DS1 :O HAD BE5 ORD]$ TO GO !RE BY ! (FIC] ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS :O WAS FI<T+ ON ! SIDE ( ! REBEL MILIT>Y =CES1 DECID$ TO JO9 ! POPUL> =CES4 ,%ORTLY !REAFT]1 ! ,C,N,T RE9=CEM5TS ?AT CAME FROM ! ,PLAZA DEL ,TEATRO1 AFT] /ORM+ ! ,HOTEL ,FALCON1 FROM :I* !Y HAD BE5 SUBJECT$ TO SNIP] FIRE1 !N PROCE$$ FROM ! ,RAMBLAS BY WAY ( ,SAN ,PABLO ,/REET1 & AFT] SECUR+ ! NEUTRALITY ( ! B>RACKS ( ! CU/OMS POLICE & AFT] FREE+ ! PRISON]S AT ! WOM5'S PRISON ( ,SANTA ,AMALIA1 !Y >RIV$ AT ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,PABLO BY WAY ( ,FLORES ,/REET1 UND] A HAIL ( GUNFIRE FROM ! REBEL TROOPS4 ,ORTIZ1 ALONG ) A SMALL GR\P ( M5 :O HAD BR\<T ! MA*9E GUNS SEIZ$ AT ,AT>AZANAS1 MANAG$ TO CROSS TO ! O!R SIDE ( ! ,RONDA1 & RAPIDLY CON/RUCT$ A SMALL B>RICADE ?AT GAVE !M SOME %ELT] FROM ! BULLETS ( ! ?REE 5EMY MA*9E GUNS 9/ALL$ 9 ! ,BRE*A4 ,! AN>*I/S CLIMB$ ONTO ! RO(TOPS1 & PLAC$ !IR MA*9E GUNS ON ! RO( ( ! ,*ICAGO ,B> 7! SAME BUILD+ ?AT IS TODAY ! (FICE ( ! ,CAIXA DE ,CATALUNYA7 :I* PROVID$ COV]+ FIRE = ! MASS FRONTAL ASSAULT ON ! ,BRE*A1 DIRECT$ SIMULTANE\SLY FROM ,FLORES ,/REET1 FROM BO? 5DS ( ,ALDANA ,/REET1 FROM ,TAPIAS ,/REET & FROM ! CAFE ,PAY-,PAY ON ,SAN ,PABLO ,/REET1 LOCAT$ ACROSS FROM ! ,ROMANESQUE *UR* ( ,SANT ,PAU DEL ,CAMP1 :I* !Y HAD 5T]$ BY WAY ( ! BACK DOOR4.<#f.> ,! CAPTA9 :O COMM&$ ! TROOPS NEXT TO ! MA*9E GUN 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,BRE*A WAS FELL$ BY %OTS FIR$ BY ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 :O HAD GONE ON AHEAD ( ! O!R ATTACK]S & TAK5 UP AN ADVANTAGE\S POSITION1 :ILE ! O!RS ADVANC$ )\T ANY COV]1 9 ! OP54 ,A LIEUT5ANT TRI$ TO TAKE COMM& ( ! UNIT FROM HIS FALL5 CAPTA91 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE TO RESI/1 BUT HE WAS %OT BY A CORPORAL FROM AMONG HIS [N TROOPS4 ,?IS WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! 5D ( ! BATTLE4 ,BETWE5 ELEV5 & NOON ! ?IRD SQUADRON WAS DEFEAT$1 & ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO WAS RECOV]$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,:ILE ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO WAS JUMP+ = JOY & WAV+ HIS RIFLE OV] HIS HEAD1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS %\T+ OV] & OV]1 0,LOOK :AT WE DID TO ! >MY60 ,9 ?IS CRUCIAL DI/RICT ( ! CITY ! AN>*I/S1 AMONG :OM W]E ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ1 ,GREGORIO ,JOV] & ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1.<#g.> HAD DEFEAT$ ! >MY AFT] MORE ?AN SIX H\RS ( BATTLE4 ,A SMALL NUMB] ( SOLDI]S CONT9U$ TO PUT UP SOME RESI/ANCE1 AFT] HAV+ TAK5 REFUGE )9 ,EL ,MOL9O1 :]E1 AFT] RUNN+ \T ( AMMUNITION1 !Y F9ALLY SURR5D]$ AT AB\T TWO 9 ! AFT]NOON4 

,! ,9,F,A,N,T,R,Y ,>,R,I,V,E,S ,A,T ,! ,P,L,A,Z,A ,D,E ,L,A ,U,N,I,V,],S,I,D,A,D ,& ,! ,E,S,C,O,L,A,P,I,O,S ,D,E ,S,A,N ,A,N,T,O,N,I,O 

,! 9FANTRY REGIM5T ( ,BADAJOZ 7FROM ! ,P$RALBES B>RACKS7 HAD BE5 ORD]$ TO GO TO ! ,CAPITANIA BY ,G5]AL ,LLANO FROM ! G5]AL /AFF1 & ?AT IS :]E IT W5T1 BUT ) ! 9T5TION ( PLAC+ ITSELF UND] ! ORD]S ( ,G5]AL ,GOD$1 :O HAD FL[N FROM ,PALMA DE ,MALLORCA TO ,B>CELONA TO ASSUME COMM& OV] ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+4 ,ONCE IT REA*$ ! ,GRAN ,VIA1 ! COMPANY UND] ! COMM& ( ,CAPTA9 ,LOPEZ ,BELDA CONT9U$ TO M>* D[N ,URGELL ,/REET T[>DS ! ,P>ALELO1 :]E !Y CAME UND] FIRE1 & FROM !RE !Y W5T TO ,AT>AZANAS1 & ! ,COLUMBUS & ,CAPITANIA MONUM5T1 :]E !Y RE9=C$ ! REMA9+ TROOPS AT ?IS LOCATION4 ,LOPEZ ,BELDA & ! SAPP]S W]E ! ONLY REBEL TROOPS ?AT REA*$ !IR PROPOS$ OBJECTIVES1 :I* 9 !IR CASE WAS TO RE9=CE ,AT>AZANAS & ! ,CAPITANIA4 

,! RE/ ( ! COLUMN1 UND] ! COMM& ( ,MAJOR ,LOPEZ ,AMOR1 PROCE$$ D[N ! ,GRAN ,VIA T[>DS ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 & EX*ANG$ FIRE ) ! SQUADRON ( ! ,MONTESA REGIM5T1 :I* HAD ALREADY OCCUPI$ ! ,PLAZA DE LA ,UNIV]SIDAD4 ,ONCE ?IS ]ROR WAS DISCOV]$1 A COMPANY W5T D[N BY ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,ANTONIO1 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,CAPITANIA1 BUT ONCE IT REA*$ ! VIC9ITY ( ! ,M>KET ( ,SAN ,ANTONIO1 IT WAS ATTACK$ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 :I* W\LD NOT ALL[ IT TO RE9=CE ! TROOPS FI<T+ 9 ! ,BRE*A1 SO ! COMPANY HAD TO TAKE REFUGE 9 ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS1 :]E !Y SURR5D]$ ONE H\R LAT]1 AFT] PUTT+ UP /IFF RESI/ANCE4 

,! ,B,A,T,T,L,E ,A,T ,! ,P,L,A,Z,A ,C,A,T,A,L,U,N,A 

,AFT] LEAV+ A SMALL G>RISON BEH9D 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY1 ! RE/ ( ! TROOPS1 UND] ! ORD]S ( ,LOPEZ ,AMOR1 5T]$ ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA BY WAY ( ,PELAYO & ! ,RONDA ,UNIV]SIDAD1 :]E !Y W]E SURR\ND$ BY A CURI\S & APPREH5SIVE CR[D1 %\T+ 0,VIVA LA ,REPUBLICA01 :OSE MEMB]S DID NOT KN[ IF !SE W]E LOYAL OR REBEL TROOPS4 ,AFT] AN EX*ANGE ( FIRE BETWE5 ! REBEL TROOPS & ! ASSAULT GU>DS1 :ITE H&K]*IEFS APPE>$1 ! %OOT+ /OPP$1 & ASSAULT GU>DS & SOLDI]S EMBRAC$ & FRAT]NIZ$4 ,! CR[D ( >M$ CIVILIANS >RIV$ & BROKE UP ! TROOP =MATION BY MIX+ ) ! SOLDI]S4 ,! CONFUSION1 ! CUNN+ TACTICS ( SOME1 ! 9DECISION ( ! ASSAULT GU>DS1 ! MI/RU/ ( ! WORK]S1 & ! EXCESSIVE PHYSICAL PROXIMITY CREAT$ AN 9CR$IBLE & DANG]\S DISORD]4 ,! ,PLAZA WAS OCCUPI$ BY UNITS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & BY NUM]\S MILITANT >M$ WORK]S ON ! SIDE ( ! ,RAMBLAS1 ! ,TELEFONICA & ! ,PU]TA DEL ,ANGEL4 ,MAJOR ,LOPEZ ,AMOR GAVE ! ORD] TO *ECK ! ID5TIFICATION PAP]S ( ! CIVILIANS1 MO/ ( :OM W]E C5ETI/AS1 BUT FAC$ ) ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( >RE/+ ALL ( !M HE DECID$ TO EVICT !M FROM ! ,PLAZA1 & 9/ALL$ MA*9E GUNS AT ! F\R CORN]S ( ! ,PLAZA3 ON ! RO( ( ! ,MAISON ,DOREE 7AT ! CORN] ( ,RIVAD5EIRA1 ON P>T ( ! SITE ?AT IS N[ OCCUPI$ BY ,SF]A71 ON ! RO( ( ! ,CATALUNA ,!AT] 7APPROXIMATELY ! SITE ( ! CURR5T ,HABITAT71 AT ! ,HOTEL ,COLON 7N[ ,BANE/O7 & AT ! ,CAS9O ,MILIT> 7TODAY ABSORB$ BY ,EL ,CORTE ,+LES71 & HE PLAC$ TWO LI<T #g4#e CM >TILL]Y PIECES 9 ! C5T] ( ! ,PLAZA ,CATALUNA4 ,LOPEZ ,AMOR !N W5T TO ! ,TELEFONICA ) ! 9T5TION ( OCCUPY+ IT & CONTROLL+ COMMUNICATIONS4 ,! 9ITIAL COLLABORATION ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 OBTA9$ BY ! TREASON ( !IR COMM&+ (FIC]1 ,LIEUT5ANT ,LLOP1 WAS TRANS=M$1 AFT] A V]Y UNCOM=TABLE P]IOD ( AB\T T5 M9UTES1 9TO OP5 OPPOSITION4 ,LOPEZ ,AMOR ORD]$ ! TWO >TILL]Y PIECES SITUAT$ 9 ! C5T] ( ! ,PLAZA TO OP5 FIRE ON ! ,TELEFONICA4 ,AFT] ?REE VOLLEYS COMMUNICATIONS W]E ALMO/ TOTALLY CUT (F4 ,GUNFIRE ]UPT$ BO? )9 & \TSIDE ( ! BUILD+4 ,DUR+ ! CONFUSION A GR\P ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS CAPTUR$ ,LOPEZ ,AMOR 9 FRONT ( ! ,CAS9O ,MILIT>4 ,! COMPANIES ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 TOGE!R ) ! >M$ WORK]S1 B>RICAD$ !MSELVES 9 ,FONTANELLA1 ! UPP] FLOORS ( ! ,TELEFONICA1 ! ,PU]TA DEL ,ANGEL & ! ,RAMBLAS4 ,PELAYO1 ,V]G>A & ,RONDA ,UNIV]SIDAD ,/REETS HAD ALREADY BE5 SECUR$ BY MILITANT WORK]S1 ?US ISOLAT+ ! >MY TROOPS1 :O F9ALLY HAD NO O!R REC\RSE ?AN TO TAKE REFUGE 9 ! ,HOTEL ,COLON1 ! ,MAISON ,DOREE1 ! ,CAS9O ,MILIT> & ! L[] FLOORS ( ! ,TELEFONICA1 FROM :I* PO9TS !Y RESI/$ ! ATTACKS ( ! WORK]S & ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,! C5T] ( ! ,PLAZA WAS A NO-MAN'S L&4 ,! TROOPS HAD BE5 PREV5T$ FROM MAK+ !IR WAY ALONG ! ,RAMBLAS T[>DS ,AT>AZANAS & ,CAPITANIA1 OR BY WAY ( ,FONTANELLA & ,PU]TA DEL ,ANGEL TO ! ,POLICE ,/ATION AT ,VIA ,LAYETANA OR ! ,PALACE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! EQUIPM5T ( ! ,TELEFONICA & ! NE>BY RADIO TRANSMITT]S HAD ALSO BE5 PREV5T$ FROM FALL+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! REBELS4 ,! ,TELEPHONE WORK]S CUT (F COMMUNICATIONS ( ! ,CAPITANIA ) ! REBEL B>RACKS4 ,! POPUL> =CES QUICKLY /ORM$ ! ,CAS9O ,MILIT> & ! ,MAISON ,DOREE1 ?ANKS TO ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! WORK]S1 :O HAD SECUR$ !IR POSITIONS BY US+ ! TUNNELS ( ! SUBWAY4 ,! RESI/ANCE ( ! REBELS1 :O N[ ONLY CONTROLL$ ! %ELL$ ,HOTEL ,COLON & ! L[] FLOORS ( ! ,TELEFONICA1 CAME TO AN 5D AT F\R 9 ! AFT]NOON1 :5 !Y SURR5D]$ TO ! LATE BUT DECISIVE ATTACK ( ! CIVIL GU>DS1 SUPPORT$ BY ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! 5?USIASM ( ! PEOPLE1 :O DID NOT TRU/ ! CIVIL GU>DS4 ,AN 5ORM\S CR[D FILL$ ! OP5+S ( ! NE>BY /REETS1 ! SUBWAY 5TRANCES & ! ADJAC5T ALLEYS4 ,:ITE FLAGS APPE>$ 9 ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & !N ! POPUL> FURY SWEPT AWAY ALL 9 ITS PA?4 ,! CANNON ?AT ,LE*A HAD BR\<T FROM ,CL>IS ?UND]$ ONCE AGA94 ,DURRUTI & ,OBREGON 7:O DI$ 9 ! ATTACK71 9 A MASSIVE ASSAULT FROM ! ,RAMBLAS BY ! AN>*I/ MILITANTS1 *>G+ RI<T 9 ! OP5 )\T COV]1 RETOOK ! L[] FLOORS ( ! ,TELEFONICA4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 CIVIL GU>DS & WORK]S1 ,JOSEP ,ROVIRA ( ! ,P,\,M 9 ! =EFRONT1 5T]$ ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & TOOK ! (FIC]S PRISON]4 ,! ,PLAZA WAS LITT]$ ) CORPSES4 ,H]E1 TOO1 ! >MY HAD BE5 DEFEAT$4 

,! ,R,E,B,E,L,S ,T,A,K,E ,R,E,F,U,G,E ,9 ,! ,C,>,M,E,L,I,T,E ,M,O,N,A,/,],Y 

,FROM ! ,G]ONA ,B>RACKS1 OR FROM ! ,SANTIAGO ,CAVALRY B>RACKS1 AT ! CORN] ( ,LEPANTO & ,TRAVES]A DE ,GRACIA ,/REETS1 NE> ! ,HOSPITAL ( ,SAN ,PABLO1 >\ND FIVE 9 ! MORN+ ?REE SQUADRONS ( AB\T FIFTY M5 EA* PROCE$$ ON FOOT1 ) MA*9E GUNS 9/ALL$ ON C>S4 ,!IR OBJECTIVE WAS TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! ,C9CO DE ,OROS 7TODAY ! ,PLAZA ,JUAN ,C>LOS ,I71 AT ! CORN] ( ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA & ,DIAGONAL ,/REET1 9 ORD] TO PROCE$ FROM !RE TO ,PLAZA ,URQU9AONA & ! ,>CO DEL ,TRIUNFO4 ,!Y W]E SUBJECT$ TO M9OR H>ASSM5T DUR+ !IR 5TIRE PASSAGE ?R\< ,LEPANTO1 ,9DU/RIA1 & ,CORCEGA ,/REETS1 AS WELL AS ! ,PASEO DE ,SAN ,JUAN 7!N KN[N AS ,G>CIA ,H]N&EZ74 ,AT ! ,C9CO DE ,OROS1 H[EV]1 !Y F\ND SEV]AL COMPANIES ( ASSAULT GU>DS AWAIT+ !M1 ) A SQUADRON ( CAVALRY & A MA*9E GUN UNIT1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A CR[D ( MILITANT WORK]S1 POSITION$ ON RO(TOPS & BALCONIES1 9 TREES & DOORWAYS1 >M$ ) AUTOMATIC WEAPONS & H& GR5ADES4 ,UNEXPECT$LY = ! REBELS1 :O HAD ADVANC$ )\T TAK+ ! PRECAUTION ( S5D+ \T ANY SC\TS1 A /EADY B>RAGE ( FIRE SWEPT ! LEAD+ RANKS ( ! TROOPS1 CAUS+ A L>GE NUMB] ( CASUALTIES AMONG BO? SOLDI]S & (FIC]S4 ,COLONEL ,LACASA1 :O COMM&$ ! REGIM5T FROM ,SANTIAGO1 TOOK REFUGE ) ! SURVIV+ (FIC]S & SOME SOLDI]S 9 ! ,C>MELITE ,MONA/]Y1 SITUAT$ ON ! ,DIAGONAL AT ! CORN] ( ,LAURIA ,/REET1 :]E1 ) ! ACTIVE ASSI/ANCE ( ! MONKS1 !Y B>RICAD$ !MSELVES 9 IMPREGNABLE POSITIONS ?ANKS TO ! MA*9E GUNS 9/ALL$ ON ! L[] FLOORS & ON ! RO(4.<#h.> ,! DETA*M5T ( CIVIL GU>DS ?AT HAD BE5 S5T TO FI<T !M JO9$ !M 9/EAD4 ,! ,COLONEL /ATION$ ADVANCE \TPO/S 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ! MONA/]Y AT ! CORN]S ( ,CORCEGA_/,SANTA ,TECLA ,/REETS1 ,CL>IS_/,DIAGONAL ,/REETS & ,M55DEZ ,PELAYO 7N[ ,TORR5T DE L',OLLA7_/,LAURIA ,/REETS1 :I*1 AFT] SUFF]+ MANY CASUALTIES1 W]E =C$ TO )DRAW BE=E NI<TFALL4 ,?AT NI<T1 ! REBELS 5TR5*$ 9 ! MONA/]Y AGRE$ TO SURR5D] TO ! CIVIL GU>DS AT DAWN ON ! FOLL[+ DAY4 

,A %ORT DI/ANCE AWAY1 AT ! CORN] ( ,BALMES & ,DIAGONAL ,/REETS1 A HALF H\R AFT] ! BEG9N+ ( ! BATTLE AT ,C9CO DE ,OROS1 F\R TRUCKS COM+ FROM ! ,SAN ,&RES ,>TILL]Y ,DEPOT1 TRANSPORT+ AB\T FIFTY >TILL]Y GUNN]S TO ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 W]E AMBU%$1 /OPP$ & DE/ROY$ BY ! FUSILLADES ( FIRE FROM WORK]S & ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,RIFLES & >TILL]Y PIECES W]E SEIZ$ BY ! WORK]S4 

,A,T ,B,>,C,E,L,O,N,E,T,A3 ,M,O,B,I,L,E ,B,>,R,I,C,A,D,E,S ,A,G,A,9,/ ,>,T,I,L,L,],Y 

,! ,M\NTA9 ,>TILL]Y ,REGIM5T1 AT ! B>RACKS ( ! ,DOCKS ON ,IC>IA ,AV5UE1 WAS ! PR9CIPAL FOCAL PO9T ( ! PLOT ( ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+4 ,TWO TRUCKS HAD MANAG$ TO LEAVE ! B>RACKS1 EA* ) >TILL]Y PIECES1 & BO? SUCCESSFULLY >RIV$ AT !IR DE/9Y AT ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA4 ,ONE ( !SE GUNS1 9/ALL$ AT ! C5T] ( ! SQU>E1 ANN\NC$ ) ITS RO> ?AT ! >TILL]Y HAD COME TO ! /REETS4 ,AT SIX A COLUMN WAS ORGANIZ$1 UND] ! COMM& ( ,MAJOR ,F]N&EZ ,UNZUE1 :OSE OBJECTIVE WAS FIR/ TO TAKE ! ,PALACE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & !N ! ,PALACE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d1 ?IS SAME ,MAJOR1 AT ! COMM& ( JU/ ONE BATT]Y ( >TILL]Y1 ONLY NE$$ TO FIRE ONCE ON ! ,PALACE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT & IMM$IATELY SAW ! :ITE FLAG ?AT PUT AN 5D TO ! ,CATALANI/ REBELLION ( ,COMPANYS4 ,AN AIRPLANE HAD BOMB$ ! B>RACKS BE=E ! TRUCKS LEFT1 CAUS+ SOME CASUALTIES & A C]TA9 DEGREE ( DEMORALIZATION4 ,NONE!LESS1 ! ?REE BATT]IES DROVE 9TO ! /REETS1 )\T WAIT+ = ! >RIVAL ( ! TWO COMPANIES ( ! NE>BY ,ALCANT>A ,9FANTRY ,REGIM5T1 :I* W]E SUPPOS$ TO PROVIDE COV] = !M4 ,?AT >TILL]Y BATT]IES MU/ BE PROTECT$ BY 9FANTRY WAS A FUNDAM5TAL 9 ! MILIT>Y MANUALS1 S9CE ! >TILL]Y PIECES HAD TO ADVANCE SL[LY ?R\< ! MIDDLE ( ! /REET1 9 ! OP51 DRAGG$ BY ANIMALS2 BUT ! (FIC]S W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! 0MOB0 W\LD RUN AWAY ONCE !Y HE>D ! FIR/ SALVO ( CANNON FIRE4 ,MEAN:ILE1 9 ,B>CELONETA1 ! CELEBRATION ( ! LOCAL RESID5TS & ! LONG%OREM5 WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A UNANIM\S \TCRY DEM&+ >MS4 ,5RIQUE ,GOMEZ ,G>CIA1 ! COMM&+ (FIC] ( ! ,B>CELONETA B>RACKS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 FAC$ ) AN IMM95T CONFRONTATION1 DECID$ TO DI/RIBUTE WEAPONS TO ?OSE :O H&$ OV] TO HIM1 AS A GU>ANTEE ?AT !Y W\LD RETURN ! WEAPONS1 !IR TRADE UNION OR POLITICAL P>TY MEMB]%IP C>DS4 ,! FIR/ BATT]Y1 COMM&$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,LOPEZ ,V>ELA1 MANAG$ TO PROCE$ )\T 9CID5T UNTIL HE CAME TO ! BRIDGE ( ,SAN ,C>LOS 7:I* NO LONG] EXI/S71 :I* CROSS$ ,IC>IA ,AV5UE & ! RAILROAD TRACKS1 :5 HE UNEXPECT$LY 5C\NT]$ GUNFIRE FROM A GR\P ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 ALONG ) WORK]S :O HAD BE5 >M$ BY ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D B>RACKS1 PO/$ 9 ! 5VIRONS ( ! ,PLAZA DE ,TOROS ( ,B>CELONETA 7:I* NO LONG] EXI/S71 ! BRIDGE ITSELF1 ON ! BOXC>S & WALLS ( ! RAIL Y>DS1 & ON ! NE>E/ BALCONIES & RO(TOPS4 ,!Y W]E RAPIDLY JO9$ BY A CR[D ( MILITANT WORK]S FROM ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 ,B>CELONETA & FROM ! ,TRANSPORT & ,METAL ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNIONS ( ! ,RAMBLAS4 ,! ?REE BATT]IES F\ND !MSELVES SQUEEZ$ BETWE5 TWO SIDES1 & EA* PREV5T$ ! O!RS FROM ADVANC+4 ,LOPEZ ,V>ELA MANAG$ TO SET UP ! MA*9E GUNS & ! F\R CANNONS ( HIS BATT]Y1 & OP5$ FIRE1 )\T PAUS+ 9 HIS ADVANCE T[>DS ,B>CELONETA4 ,AFT] TWO H\RS ( FI<T+ ON ! DEF5SIVE1 ! TWO BATT]IES ( ! RE>GU>D1 IMMOBILIZ$ & CON/ANTLY H>ASS$ BY WELL-5TR5*$ ATTACK]S1 MANAG$ TO )DRAW TO !IR B>RACKS ) NUM]\S CASUALTIES1 9 A *AOTIC RETREAT1 M>K$ BY ! T]RIFI$ /AMP$E ( ! ANIMALS ?AT W]E TRANSPORT+ SOME MUNITIONS ?AT HAD EXPLOD$ :5 !Y W]E HIT BY GUNFIRE4 ,AT ! 5TRANCE TO ! B>RACKS !Y SUFF]$ F\RTE5 CASUALTIES1 CAUS$ BY ! MA*9E GUNS ( TWO AIRPLANES1 :I* %ORTLY AFT]W>DS BOMB$ ! B>RACKS !MSELVES ) LITTLE EFFECT4 ,! BATT]Y ( ,LOPEZ ,V>ELA1 :I* WAS N[ 9CAPABLE ( RETREAT+1 C\LD NOT PASS ! 9T]SECTION ( ,IC>IA ,AV5UE & ! ,PASEO ,NACIONAL1 :I* WAS BLOCK$ BY AN 5ORM\S B>RICADE ?AT WAS SIX FEET HI<1 :I* ! LONG%OREM5 HAD BUILT ) ! USUAL COBBLE/ONES & ! NOT SO COMMON S&BAGS FULL ( C>OB BEANS1 ALONG ) PIECES ( WOOD & FIVE HUNDR$ TONS ( SPOOL$ PAP] UNLOAD$ 9 A HALF H\R BY ELECTRIC =KLIFTS FROM ! %IP1 0,CIUDAD DE ,B>CELONA01 MOOR$ AT ! NE>BY 0MOLL DE LES G>R(ES01 ! USUAL LOCATION = ! UNLOAD+ ( C>OB BEANS FROM ! SAILBOATS ?AT TRANSPORT$ !M FROM ! COA/AL T[NS ( ,CA/ELLON & ,T>RAGONA4 ,! BATT]Y WAS !N SUBJECT$ TO ATTACK BY MORT> FIRE FROM ! RO( ( ! ,GOV]NM5T BUILD+1 AS WELL AS BY A /EADY B>RAGE ( FIRE FROM RIFLES & MA*9E GUNS COM+ FROM ! ,ESCUELA ,NAUTICA & ! ,DEPOSITO ,FRANCO4 ,! SOLDI]S FIR$ !IR CANNONS AT ! B>RICADES & ! CR[DS1 PRODUC+ T]RIBLE DAMAGE TO BO?2 BUT ! B>RICADES W]E REBUILT & ! CR[DS RETURN$ TO 9T5SIFY !IR DET]M9$ ATTACK4 ,! POSITION ( ! REBELS BECAME UNT5ABLE4 ,AT T5 !Y RECEIV$ ! ORD] TO RETREAT1 BUT ?IS RETREAT TURN$ 9TO A HELLI% ORDEAL1 BECAUSE AS ! SOLDI]S ATTEMPT$ TO )DRAW1 ! SPOOLS ( PAP]1 N[ TRANS=M$ 9TO MOBILE B>RICADES1 W]E PU%$ =W>D BY UN>M$ WORK]S1 :ILE O!R WORK]S WELL PROTECT$ BEH9D ! SPOOLS ?REW H& GR5ADES & MA9TA9$ A /EADY RATE ( RIFLE FIRE4 ,! F9AL ASSAULT WAS MADE AGA9/ AB\T ?IRTY M51 B>RICAD$ BEH9D !IR >TILL]Y PIECES & DEAD ANIMALS1 FI<T+ ELB[ TO ELB[4 ,LOPEZ ,V>ELA1 W\ND$1 WAS TAK5 TO ! ,GOB]NACION1 & ! RE/ ( ! (FIC]S W]E TAK5 PRISON]1 :ILE ! SOLDI]S FRAT]NIZ$ ) ! PEOPLE4 ,SEV]AL CANNONS & V>I\S SMALL >MS W]E TAK53 & IT WAS ONLY T5-?IRTY 9 ! MORN+4 

,! ,DOCKS B>RACKS WAS BESIEG$1 ) A B>RICADE BUILT A HUNDR$ MET]S FROM ! MA9 GATE4 ,! 9FANTRY FROM ! ,ALCANT>A REGIM5T WAS EASILY REPULS$ TWICE1 AL?\< SOME SOLDI]S MANAG$ TO SNEAK 9TO ! B>RACKS1 )\T AT ALL ALT]+ ! DESP]ATE SITUATION ( ! BESIEG$1 :O1 >\ND EI<T 9 ! EV5+1 SURR5D]$ TO SEV]AL (FIC]S ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 :O TOOK *>GE ( ! PRISON]S4 ,?AT NI<T ! B>RACKS WAS TAK5 OV] BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES ( ,B>CELONETA & ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 )\T MEET+ ANY RESI/ANCE4 

,A,T ,! ,P,L,A,Z,A ,U,R,Q,U,9,A,O,N,A3 ,! ,R,E,B,E,L,S ,F,A,I,L ,T,O ,O,C,C,U,P,Y ,! ,R,A,D,I,O ,/,A,T,I,O,N 

,NEXT TO ! ,P>QUE DE LA ,CIUDADELA !RE W]E TWO B>RACKS3 ?AT ( ! ,9T5D5CIA1 LOYAL TO ! REPUBLIC1 SO LOYAL 9 FACT ?AT IT WAS 5TRU/$ ) ! MISSION ( SEP>AT+ & KEEP+ WAT* OV] TWO ?IRDS ( ! CIVIL GU>D UNITS1 :I* AT ! ORD]S ( ,COLONEL ,ESCOB> HAD LEFT ,LAYETANA TO SEIZE CONTROL ( ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 & ! B>RACKS ( ! ,ALCANT>A 9FANTRY REGIM5T1 :OSE (FIC]S W]E DIVID$ BETWE5 ?OSE :O SYMPA?IZ$ ) & ?OSE :O W]E OPPOS$ TO ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+1 :I* MA9TA9$ A CURI\S NEUTRALITY & A TYPICAL 0SOLDI]'S CAUTION0 ?AT CAUS$ ! TROOPS TO SET (F QUITE LATE1 AFT] N9E 9 ! MORN+1 AT ! ORD] ( ,G5]AL ,F]N&EZ ,BURRIEL4 ,ONE COMPANY WAS ORD]$ TO COME TO ! RELIEF ( ! BESIEG$ >TILL]Y B>RACKS AT ! ,DOCKS2 !IR MISSION WAS ?W>T$ BY ! OPPOSITION ( AN >M$ CR[D ?AT MADE !M RETURN PROMPTLY TO !IR B>RACKS4 ,! SECOND COMPANY WAS ORD]$ TO OCCUPY ! BROADCA/ /UDIOS ( ,RADIO ,B>CELONA AT ,NUMB] #ab ,CASPE ,/REET4 ,COM+ UND] FIRE 9 ! ,URQU9AONA ,PLAZA1 ! SOLDI]S MADE A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO MAKE !IR WAY D[N ,LAURIA ,/REET T[>DS ,CASPE1 BUT AFT] AN H\R ( HEAVY FI<T+ ! COMPANY WAS PRACTICALLY DE/ROY$1 & ONLY A SMALL GR\P MANAG$ TO TAKE %ELT] 9 ! ,HOTEL ,RITZ1 :]E !Y SURR5D]$ AFT] BE+ SUBJECT$ TO >TILL]Y FIRE4 

,A,T ,D,I,P,U,T,A,C,I,O,N ,/,R,E,E,T3 ,T,R,U,C,K,S ,>,E ,D,R,I,V,5 ,A,G,A,9,/ ,! ,>,T,I,L,L,],Y 

,! B>RACKS ( ! ,SEV5? ,LI<T ,>TILL]Y REGIM5T & ! ,P>QUE DE ,>TILL]IA W]E TWO BUILD+S LOCAT$ AT ! 5D ( ,SAN ,&RES DEL ,PALOM> ,/REET4 ,! REBELS ORGANIZ$ A JO9T DEF5SE ( ! TWO BUILD+S1 RELY+ ON ! COLLABORATION ( CIVILIAN ELEM5TS1 MO/ ( :OM W]E MON>*I/S :O HAD REACT$ UNFAVORABLY TO ! SPEE* MADE TO !M BY ,CAPTA9 ,RE9L51 :O CONCLUD$ HIS SPEE* ) F9AL CRIES ( 0,VIVA ,ESPANA0 & 0,VIVA LA ,REPUBLICA04 ,APPROXIMATELY ?IRTY ?\S& RIFLES W]E /OR$ AT ! ,P>QUE DE ,>TILL]IA4 ,AFT] ! FIR/ DEP>TURE ( ! F\R TRUCKS1 :I* AS WE HAVE SE5 W]E DE/ROY$ AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ,DIAGONAL_/,BALMES1 A SECOND CONVOY WAS ORGANIZ$1 :OSE ORD]S W]E TO SUPPORT ! 9FANTRY ( ! ,BADAJOZ REGIM5T 7:I* HAD TAK5 REFUGE 9 V>I\S BUILD+S ON ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO PROCE$ ANY F>!R74 ,?IS SECOND CONVOY CONSI/$ ( ONE BATT]Y 7F\R CANNONS74 ,IT >RIV$ AT ,BRUC ,/REET1 NE> ,DIPUTACION ,/REET1 AT SEV5 9 ! MORN+1 AFT] A LONG TRIP ( SIX KILOMET]S ALMO/ )\T 9CID5T4 ,AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ,BRUC & ,DIPUTACION !Y W]E AMBU%$ BY A GR\P ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & >M$ WORK]S4 ,! \TBREAK ( GUNFIRE RAIS$ ! AL>M AMONG ! NE>BY ,ASSAULT ,GU>D UNITS ?AT W]E GU>D+ ! ,POLICE ,/ATION AT ,VIA ,LAYETANA1 & WAS ALSO HE>D BY ?OSE :O HAD BE5 DISPAT*$ FROM ,C9CO DE ,OROS TO ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 AS WELL AS BY ! POPUL> =CES ?AT W]E BESIEG+ ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & ! ,TELEFONICA4 ,! BATT]Y ADVANC$ D[N ,DIPUTACION ,/REET T[>DS ,CL>IS ,/REET1 BUT :5 IT ATTEMPT$ TO TURN D[N ?IS /REET & CROSS ! ,GRAN ,VIA1 IT WAS SUBJECT$ TO /EADY RIFLE & MA*9E GUN FIRE1 :I* CAUS$ NUM]\S CASUALTIES AMONG ! TROOPS & ! DRAFT ANIMALS4 ,ONCE !Y SET UP !IR CANNONS & MA*9E GUNS 9 ! SQU>E =M$ BY ,DIPUTACION1 ,CL>IS1 & ,LAURIA ,/REETS & ! ,GRAN ,VIA1 !Y OP5$ FIRE ON ! CR[DS ?AT NEV] CEAS$ TO REGR\P & C\NT]ATTACK4 ,! SEV5TY SOLDI]S :O MANN$ ! BATT]Y W]E CONFRONT$ BY MU* MORE NUM]\S ATTACK]S1 WELL CONCEAL$ ON RO(TOPS1 9 W9D[S & ON BALCONIES1 :OSE RESOLVE NEV] FLAGG$ DESPITE ! >TILL]Y FIRE4 ,! RE9=CEM5TS ?AT CAME TO ! AID ( ! POPUL> =CES W]E COMPOS$ ( TWO COMPANIES ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 S9CE A ?IRD COMPANY HAD REFUS$ TO FI<T & RETURN$ TO ! COM=T ( ITS B>RACKS ON ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 & BY HUNDR$S ( WORK]S :O W]E CON/ANTLY JO9+ ! BATTLE4 ,! SITUATION ( ! REBEL BATT]Y BECAME 9CREAS+LY MORE DIFFICULT4 ,AFT] TWO H\RS ( FI<T+1 H[EV]1 A %OCK+ NUMB] ( FATALITIES HAD BE5 CAUS$ BY ! REBEL >TILL]Y4 ,! CANNONS W]E DEF5D$ BY A SCRE5 ( MA*9E GUNS1 :I* MADE !M 9ACCESSIBLE TO EV]Y *>GE4 ,! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS BECAME DISC\RAG$1 & ?\<T ?AT !Y LACK$ ! MEANS NECESS>Y TO CONFRONT ! >TILL]Y4 ,! ORIG9AL & V]Y RISKY TACTIC UTILIZ$ BY A GR\P ( ,C,N,T MILITANTS TO SUCCESSFULLY C>RY \T ! F9AL ATTACK CONSI/$ 9 BO>D+ ! FLATB$S ( ?REE TRUCKS1 & AFT] DRIV+ !M AT FULL SPE$ T[>DS ! SCRE5 ( MA*9E GUNS1 LEAP+ FROM ! VEHICLES ?R[+ H& GR5ADES4 ,?IS UNEXPECT$ TACTIC L$ TO ! DISRUPTION ( ! DEF5SIVE SCRE5 ( ! MA*9E GUNS & !IR SEIZURE BY ! WORK]S1 :O FIR$ !M AT ! >TILL]Y BATT]Y4 ,AT ELEV5 9 ! MORN+ ! BATTLE WAS OV]4 ,:ILE ! REBEL (FIC]S SURR5D]$ TO ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S IMM$IATELY SEIZ$ ! MA*9E GUNS & ONE CANNON1 :I* !Y DRAGG$ BY H& T[>DS ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA4 

,! ,C,A,P,I,T,A,N,I,A ,I,S ,S,U,B,J,E,C,T,$ ,T,O ,>,T,I,L,L,],Y ,F,I,R,E ,& ,/,O,R,M,$ ,B,Y ,! ,P,E,O,P,L,E3 ,G,O,D,$ ,I,S ,T,A,K,5 ,P,R,I,S,O,N,] 

,AT ! ,CAPITANIA BUILD+1 ON ! ,PASEO DE ,COLON1 :]E ! COMM&+ (FIC]S ( ! ,CATALUNA ,DIVISION W]E LOCAT$1 ! G5]ALS & /AFF (FIC]S GAVE ! APPE>ANCE ( ACT+ 9 AN ,OP]A ,BUFFA4 ,NO ONE OBEY$ ! ORD]S ( ,G5]AL ,LLANO DE LA ,5COMI5DA1 ! SUPREME COMM&] ( ! ,DIVISION1 :O REMA9$ LOYAL TO ! ,REPUBLIC1 BUT NO ONE D>$ EI!R TO DEPOSE HIM & TAKE COMM&4 ,! REBEL ,G5]AL ,F]N&EZ ,BURRIEL ALL[$ ,LLANO TO CONT9UE TO ISSUE ORD]S & TAKE TELEPHONE CALLS 9 HIS (FICE4 ,! :OLE ATMOSPH]E WAS R$OL5T ( ACCUSATIONS ( WEAKNESS1 B>RACKS BOA/FULNESS & 9VOCATIONS ( HONOR4 ,:5 ,G5]AL ,GOD$1 AFT] DECL>+ A /ATE ( W> 9 ,MALLORCA & EASILY DOM9AT+ ! ISL&1 CAME TO ,B>CELONA AT AB\T TWELVE-?IRTY 9 ONE ( SEV]AL SEAPLANES TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! UPRIS+ 9 ,CATALUNA1 HE C\LD NOT UND]/& :Y ,LLANO DE ,5COMI5DA REMA9$ AT L>GE & :Y ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF HAD NOT YET C5TRALIZ$ ! COMM& OV] ! OP]ATIONS ( ! REBELS4 ,GOD$'S J\RNEY FROM ! ,NAVAL ,AIR ,/ATION TO ,CAPITANIA WAS SURR\ND$ BY ! S\NDS ( 9T5SE EX*ANGES ( GUNFIRE & ! DI/ANT RO> ( >TILL]Y4 ,AFT] A S]IES ( CURSES & MUTUAL ?REATS ( DEA? EX*ANG$ ) ,G5]AL ,LLANO1 ,GOD$ CONFRONT$ ! MILIT>Y SITUATION ( ! MOM5T4 ,HE MADE A FUTILE PHONE CALL TO ,G5]AL ,>ANGUR5 ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 9 AN ATTEMPT TO GIVE HIM ORD]S4 ,>ANGUR51 :O WAS AT ! ,PALACIO DE ,GOB]NACION1 ACCOMPANI$ & DISCREETLY KEPT UND] OBS]VATION BY ,ESPANA1 ,P]EZ ,F>RAS & ,GU>N]1 REFUS$ TO JO9 ! REBELS4 ,GOD$ ORD]$ ! 9FANTRY ( ! ,ALCANT>A REGIM5T TO MAKE ANO!R ATTEMPT TO RELIEVE ! >TILL]Y TROOPS AT ! ,DOCKS4 ,HE C\LD NOT UND]/& :Y ! LATT] HAD BE5 LEFT )\T 9FANTRY PROTECTION4 ,FAC$ ) ! DEMORALIZATION PRODUC$ AMONG ! REBELS BY ! CON/ANT BOMB>DM5T & /RAF+ BY ! REPUBLICAN AIRPLANES1 ,GOD$ ORD]$1 ?R\< A GO-BETWE51 ! SEAPLANES :I* HAD ESCORT$ HIM TO ,B>CELONA TO BOMB ! AIRPORT AT ,EL ,PRAT4 ,BUT :5 HIS MESS5G] CAME TO ! ,NAVY ,AIR ,/ATION ) HIS WRITT5 ORD]S1 ! SEAPLANES HAD ALREADY LEFT = !IR BASE AT ,MAHON1 AFT] CONFRONT+ ! MANIFE/ HO/ILITY ( ! NAVAL P]SONNEL & ! ,AIR ,/ATION /AFF4 ,IT WAS TWO-?IRTY & ! DEFEAT ( ! REBELS ALREADY APPE>$ TO BE A =GONE CONCLUSION4 ,GOD$ !N TRI$ TO SUMMON RE9=CEM5TS FROM ,MALLORCA1 ,Z>AGOZA1 ,MAT>O & ,GIRONA4 ,HE C\LD NOT GET A TELEPHONE CONNECTION ) ,MAT>O OR ,GIRONA1 NOR C\LD HE S5D A MESS5G]1 BECAUSE ! >MOR$ C>'S TIRES HAD BE5 PUNCTUR$ BY BULLETS4 ,Z>AGOZA & ,PALMA W]E TOO F> AWAY TO (F] ANY EFFECTIVE SUPPORT4 ,NOR C\LD ! 9FANTRY ( ! ,ALCANT>A REGIM5T SECURE ITS OBJECTIVES1 S9CE IT WAS EASILY REPULS$ 9 ITS SECOND ATTEMPT TO APPROA* ! B>RACKS ( ! ,DOCKS1 & ! SOLDI]S :O MANAG$ TO SNEAK 9TO ! B>RACKS W]E NOT NUM]\S 5\< TO RAISE ! SIEGE4 

,A HET]OG5E\S CR[D1 =M$ ( MILITANT WORK]S BR&I%+ RIFLES & WE>+ HELMETS & C>TRIDGE BELTS TAK5 FROM ! 5EMY1 & ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS ) !IR DRESS COATS UNBUTTON$1 OR 9 !IR %IRTS1 DRAGG$ ! CANNONS TAK5 AT ,DIPUTACION-,CL>IS1 PROCE$+ VIA ,LAYETANA ,/REET ) ! 9T5TION ( ASSAULT+ ! ,DIVISION4 ,! LONG%OREMAN ,MANUEL ,LE*A1 A =M] >TILL]YMAN1.<#i.> 9/ALL$ ! GUNS 9 ! ,PLAZA ,ANTONIO ,LOPEZ 9 ORD] TO GET A DIRECT L9E ( SI<T TO FIRE ON ! ,CAPITANIA BUILD+1 :ILE ! BATT]IES TAK5 ON ,IC>IA ,AV5UE W]E FIR+ ON AN 9DIRECT L9E FROM ,B>CELONETA4 ,IT WAS FIVE 9 ! AFT]NOON4 ,GOD$1 SEE+ !SE >RANGEM5TS1 TELEPHON$ ,ESPANA1 ! ,*ANCELLOR ( ! ,GOB]NACION1 9 ORD] TO BOA/FULLY DEM& HIS SURR5D]1 RECEIV+ 9 RESPONSE ! (F] ( A HALF H\R TO SURR5D]1 ) ! GU>ANTEE ?AT HIS LIFE W\LD BE SP>$1 & ONCE ?IS HALF H\R HAD EXPIR$ ! >TILL]Y W\LD OP5 FIRE4 ,AT FIVE-?IRTY ! >TILL]Y SALVOS BEGAN4 ,=TY SALVOS & A B>RAGE ( RIFLE FIRE ?AT WAS GETT+ CLOS] & CLOS] ALL[$ NO D\BTS TO BE 5T]TA9$ AB\T ! IMM95CE ( ! F9AL ASSAULT4 ,A :ITE FLAG APPE>$ & BO? SIDES OBS]V$ A CEASEFIRE1 BUT :5 A LOYAL (FIC] APPROA*$ ! BUILD+ TO ACCEPT ITS SURR5D]1 ! MA*9E GUNS ( ,CAPITANIA OP5$ FIRE4 ,! BATTLE RESUM$ & :5 ! DOORS ( ! BUILD+ W]E AB\T TO BE =C$ A :ITE FLAG ONCE AGA9 APPE>$1 BUT N[ ! ATTACK]S DID NOT CEASE FIR+1 & F9ALLY BROKE D[N ! DOORS & 5T]$ 9 =CE 9TO ! ,CAPITANIA4 ,IT WAS N[ SIX 9 ! EV5+4 ,MAJOR ,P]EZ ,F>RAS1.<#a.> RISK+ HIS [N LIFE1 MANAG$ TO PROTECT ,G5]AL ,GOD$ FROM C]TA9 LYN*+1 :I* WAS ! FATE ( V>I\S (FIC]S 9 CIVILIAN CLO?+1 & BR\<T HIM TO ! ,PALACIO DE LA ,G5]ALITAT1 :]E HE WAS CONV9C$ BY ,COMPANYS TO BROADCA/ OV] ! RADIO TRANSMITT] ?AT WAS 9/ALL$ !RE AN ORD] TO CEASE FIRE3 0,FATE HAS BE5 UNK9D TO ME & ,I HAVE BE5 TAK5 PRISON]4 ,!RE=E1 IF Y\ WANT TO AVOID A BLOODBA?1 ! SOLDI]S :O WILL JO9 ME MAY DO SO FREE ( ANY RESPONSIBILITY40 ,IT WAS SEV5 9 ! EV5+4 ,! MESSAGE WAS RECORD$ & BROADCA/ BY ! RADIO TRANSMITT]S EV]Y HALF H\R1 ) A SIGNIFICANT PROPAG&A IMPACT ALL OV] ,SPA94 

,! ,F,R,U,I,T ,I,S ,R,I,P,E ,= ,! ,P,I,C,K,+ 

,! POPUL> VICTORY WAS SO OV]:ELM+ ?AT SOME BUILD+S FELL BY !MSELVES1 )\T ANY VIOL5CE AT ALL1 AS RIPE FRUIT FALLS FROM ! TREE4 ,! W>D5 ( ! ,MODELO ,PRISON OP5$ ! DOORS ( ! PRISON]S' CELLS1 ANTICIPAT+ ! 9EVITABLE RIOT & ASSAULT ON ! PRISON4 ,AT ,NUMB] #bf ,M]CAD]S ,/REET ! ,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION AS WELL AS ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,LOCAL ,TRADE ,UNION ,F$]ATION HAD !IR HEADQU>T]S4 ,RI<T BEH9D !SE BUILD+S WAS ! ,B>CELONA ,EMPLOY]S ,F$]ATION HEADQU>T]S1 A BUILD+ ?AT IS N[ ,NUMB] #cd ,VIA ,LAYETANA4 ,9 ! ADJAC5T BUILD+1 CURR5TLY ,NUMB] #c#b1 WAS ! ,CASA ,CAMBO4 ,BO? BUILD+S W]E OCCUPI$ BY ! C5ETI/AS1 )\T ANY RESI/ANCE1 S9CE !Y HAD BE5 COMPLETELY AB&ON$1 ) ! FURNITURE & ! >*IVES LEFT BEH9D4 ,BO? BUILD+S TOGE!R W]E KN[N AS ! 0,CASA ,C,N,T-,F,A,I0 & S]V$ RI<T UP UNTIL ! 5D ( ! W> AS ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES1 ! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES1 &1 AMONG MANY O!R GR\PS1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9VE/IGATION & ,9=MATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 DIRECT$ BY ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA1 :O1 FROM ! ATTIC ( ! ,CASA ,CAMBO1 MADE EXT5SIVE USE1 OV] ! FOLL[+ MON?S1 ( ! 9=MATION CONTA9$ 9 ! >*IVES CAPTUR$ FROM ! ,EMPLOY]S ,ASSOCIATION & ! ,LLIGA4 

,S,A,N ,&,R,E,S3 ,! ,B,>,C,E,L,O,N,A ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T ,S,E,I,Z,E,S ,?,I,R,T,Y ,?,\,S,& ,R,I,F,L,E,S 

,! SMALL =CE ?AT GU>D$ ! B>RACKS & >TILL]Y DEPOT ( ,SAN ,&RES1 MO/ ( :I* WAS COMPOS$ ( RI<T W+ & MON>*I/ PEASANTS1 SAW H[ ! CR[DS ?AT W]E ATTACK+ ! B>RACKS KEPT GR[+ L>G]4 ,DUR+ ! AFT]NOON ! REPUBLICAN AIR =CE /RAF$ & BOMB$ ! B>RACKS & ! ,MAE/RANZA1 TAK+ C>E NOT TO BL[ UP ! >S5AL1 CAUS+ SOME CASUALTIES1 BO? AMONG ! SOLDI]S AS WELL AS AMONG !IR ATTACK]S4 ,! PLANES REPEAT$ !IR ATTACKS ?REE OR F\R MORE TIMES1 KILL+ & W\ND+ SEV]AL MORE SOLDI]S1 CAUS+ AN 5ORM\S DEMORALIZATION TO SPREAD AMONG ! DEF5D]S1 :I* WAS FUR!R MAGNIFI$ BY NEWS ( ! DISA/] ?AT HAD OV]TAK5 ! MILIT>Y REBELLION 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,BY NI<TFALL ! DEF5D]S1 BO? MILIT>Y AS WELL AS CIVILIAN1 W]E GRADUALLY AB&ON+ ! B>RACKS1 & ATTEMPT+ TO ESCAPE4 ,)\T ANY RESI/ANCE ! CONF$]AL DEF5SE COMMITTEES ( ,SAN ,&RES1 ,HORTA1 ,SANTA ,COLOMA1 ,SAN ,ADRIAN & ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO /ORM$ ! B>RACKS & ! ,MAE/RANZA1 BE=E DAWN1 SEIZ+ ! 5TIRE >S5AL /OR$ !RE4 ,!RE W]E ?IRTY ?\S& RIFLES4 ,! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT WAS N[ >M$4 ,! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 S5T BY ,ESC(ET TO PREV5T ?IS FROM HAPP5+1 REFUS$ TO 5GAGE 9 AN >M$ CONFLICT ) ! WORK]S4 

,! B>RICADES BUILT 9 FRONT ( ! B>RACKS TO PREV5T ! ESCAPE ( ! BESIEG$ REBELS1 N[ PREV5T$ ! 5TRANCE ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,IT WAS N[ TOO LATE TO IMPOSE B\RGEOIS ORD]3 ! SITUATION WAS DI/9CTLY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IF !SE ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS HAD OP5$ FIRE ON ! PEOPLE !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 IMM$IATELY TRANS=M$ 9TO SUICIDAL REBELS4 

,9 REALITY1 AS ( SIX 9 ! EV5+1 ) ! F9AL CAPTURE ( ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA & ! SURR5D] ( ,GOD$ AT ! ,CAPITANIA1 ! UPRIS+ C\LD BE CONSID]$ TO HAVE BE5 DEFEAT$4 ,ALL ?AT REMA9$ WAS A CLEANUP OP]ATION TO F9I% (F ! LA/ HOLD\TS4 ,! V>I\S B>RACKS1 N[ ) H>DLY ANY TROOPS1 W]E TOTALLY DEMORALIZ$1 & FUR!R DISC\RAG$ BY CON/ANT DES]TIONS1 !Y SURR5D]$ OR W]E /ORM$ OV] ! C\RSE ( ! EV5+ & NI<T4 ,SU* WAS ! CASE1 = EXAMPLE1 AT ! B>RACKS ( ,BRUC1 9 ,P$RALBES1 HELD BY A SMALL SQUAD ( REBELS4 ,9 ! EV5+ A PLANE DROPP$ LEAFLETS1 EXPLA9+ ?AT ! SOLDI]S W]E DIS*>G$ & ! REBEL (FIC]S DEPOS$1 :I* PROVOK$ ! DES]TION ( ALMO/ ALL ! SOLDI]S4 ,! FEW REMA9+ (FIC]S DECID$ TO SURR5D] ! B>RACKS TO ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 AL?\< IT WAS ONLY %ORTLY !REAFT] /ORM$ BY ! C5ETI/A WORK]S )\T MEET+ ANY RESI/ANCE4 ,!Y R5AM$ IT ! 0,BAKUN90 B>RACKS4 

,J,U,L,Y #b3 ,! ,F,9,A,L ,A,S,S,A,U,L,T ,O,N ,! ,C,>,M,E,L,I,T,E,S ,& ,! ,A,T,>,A,Z,A,N,A,S ,B,>,R,A,C,K,S 

,ON ! #b? ONLY TWO REBEL /RON<OLDS REMA9$3 ! MONA/]Y ( ! ,C>MELITES & ! CORE POSITIONS ( ,AT>AZANAS & ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICES4 

,S9CE DAWN AN 5ORM\S CR[D HAD JO9$ ! SIEGE ( ! MONA/]Y ( ! ,C>MELITES1 IMPATI5TLY BREAK+ ?R\< ! CORDON ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,! BESIEG$ HAD ALREADY ANN\NC$ !IR SURR5D] ON ! PREVI\S NI<T1 )\T1 H[EV]1 CEAS+ TO %OOT AT ANY ( ! BESIEG]S :O TRI$ TO APPROA* ! MONA/]Y4 ,! ACTIVE COMPLICITY ( ! MONKS ) ! REBELS1 TO :OM !Y HAD GIV5 REFUGE1 M$ICAL AID & FOOD1 WAS 9T]PRET$ BY ! MASSES SURR\ND+ ! MONA/]Y 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !Y IMAG9$ ?AT ! MONKS HAD ALSO MANN$ ! MA*9E GUNS1 :I* HAD CAUS$ SO MANY CASUALTIES4 ,T[>DS NOON ,COLONEL ,ESCOB> >RIV$ ON ! SC5E1 9 ! COMM& ( A COMPANY ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 :O NEGOTIAT$ ) ! REBELS = !IR IMM$IATE SURR5D]4 ,! GATES W]E OP5$ & FROM ! \TSIDE ONE C\LD SEE ! (FIC]S1 MIX+ FRAT]NALLY ) ! HAT$ MONKS4 ,AN 5RAG$ MOB1 BREAK+ ?R\< ! CORDON ( ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 9VAD$ ! MONA/]Y1 KILL+ ! MONKS & (FIC]S ) CLUBS & KNIVES OR %OOT+ !M PO9T-BLANK1 & DID NOT EV5 SP>E ! CORPSES ( !IR 5EMIES4 ,! BODY ( ,COLONEL ,LACASA WAS DECAPITAT$1 ?AT ( ,CAPTA9 ,DOM+O WAS DECAPITAT$1 MUTILAT$ & IMPAL$ ON A POLE & ! BODY ( ,MAJOR ,REBOLL$O WAS CA/RAT$4.<#a#a.> ,ANONYM\S MILITIAM5 DISP]S$ AN IMPROMPTU M>* ?AT CELEBRAT$ ! VICTORY BY DISPLAY+ ! IMPAL$ HEAD ( ! ,COLONEL4 ,! CUT-UP REMA9S ( ,CAPTA9 ,DOM+O W]E BR\<T 9 A TAXI TO ! ZOO TO BE F$ TO ! BEA/S4.<#a#b.> 

,AT ! 5D ( ! ,RAMBLAS1 9 FRONT ( ! ,COLUMBUS MONUM5T1 ON ! LEFT WAS ! BUILD+ CONTA9+ ! ,MILIT>Y ,(FICES1 & ON ! RI<T1 JU/ 9 FRONT1 ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS1 DIVID$ 9TO TWO ZONES1 SEP>AT$ BY BROAD PLAZAS DIVID$ BY WALLS & B>R$ DOORS3 ! ,MAE/RANZA 7A BUILD+ ?AT ONCE FAC$ ON ! ,RAMBLA DE ,SANTA ,MONICA1 :I* NO LONG] EXI/S71 :OSE DEF5D]S W]E /ILL HOLD+ \T1 & ! OLD M$IEVAL %IPY>DS1 :I* HAD ALREADY BE5 CONQU]$4 ,! ,PALACIO DE ,DEP5D5CIAS 7! CURR5T ,GOBI]NO ,MILIT>1 :]E ,SALVADOR ,PUIG ,ANTI* WAS TRI$ 9 #a#i#g#c71 H\S$ ALL ! AUXILI>Y S]VICES ( ! ,DIVISION3 ,JUDGE ,ADVOCATES1 AUDITORS1 ACC\NTANTS1 PROSECUTORS1 MOBILIZATION C5T]1 ETC4 ,! CROSSFIRE BETWE5 ! BUILD+S ( ! ,DEP5D5CIAS1 ! ,COLUMBUS MONUM5T & ,AT>AZANAS1 MADE !M IMPREGNABLE4 ,GUNS COMM&$ A WIDE EXPANSE FROM ! BALCONY ( ,AT>AZANAS1 :I* OP5$ UP ON ! ,RAMBLA1 & CAUS$ MANY FATALITIES AMONG ! ATTACK]S4 ,! SIEGE HAD BEGUN ON ! #a#i?4 ,AT DAWN ON ! #b?1 :5 ! UPRIS+ HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ 9 ! 5TIRE CITY1 ALL AVAILABLE =CES W]E DEPLOY$ ON ! ,RAMBLA DE ,SANTA ,MONICA 9 EXPECTATION ( ! F9AL ASSAULT4 ,A #g4#e CM GUN1 UND] ! COMM& ( ,S]GEANT ,GORDO1 MA9TA9$ A /EADY B>RAGE ON ! OLD MASONRY ( ,AT>AZANAS1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ! TRUCK ?AT HAD LEFT FROM ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 ) A MA*9E GUN 9/ALL$ ON ! BACK ( ! VEHICLE1 PROTECT$ ) MATTRESSES1 APPROA*$ FROM ! O!R SIDE ( ,AT>AZANAS1 MA9TA9+ A /EADY FIRE FROM ! MA*9E GUN4 ,! SITUATION BECAME UNT5ABLE = ! BESIEG$3 SOME ONE HUNDR$ FIFTY M51 ONE HUNDR$ T5 9 ! ,DEP5D5CIAS & AB\T =TY 9 ,AT>AZANAS4 ,TWO MORE CANNONS & TWO MORT>S 9/ALL$ ON ! PI] JO9$ ! SIEGE4 ,AIRPLANES CONT9U\SLY BOMB$ & /RAF$ ! REBEL POSITIONS4 ,FROM NE>BY T]RACES M5 ?REW H& GR5ADES4 ,AFT] !Y RAN \T ( AMMUNITION ! SOLDI]S 9 ! ,DEP5D5CIAS ,MILIT>ES DECID$ TO SURR5D]1 &1 AFT] NEGOTIAT+ ) ! ,GOB]NACION CONC]N+ GU>ANTEES ( SAFETY = ! DEP>TURE ( ! (FIC]S' RELATIVES :O W]E 9 ! BUILD+1 FLEW ! :ITE FLAG %ORTLY AFT] NOON1 ALL[+ ! 5TRANCE ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,! AN>*I/S :O BESIEG$ ! LA/ R$\BT ( ! REBELS1 9 ,AT>AZANAS1 REJECT$ ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & ! MILITANTS ( ! ,P,\,M 9 ! F9AL ASSAULT4 ,! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 9CLUD+ ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P1 WAS PRES5T AT ,AT>AZANAS1 & DECID$ TO /ORM IT4 ,! AN>*I/ ATTACK]S APPROA*$ ! B>RACKS1 SOME TAK+ COV] BY RUNN+ FROM TREE TO TREE1 O!RS TAK+ COV] 0BEH9D ! ROLL+ NEWSPAP] SPOOLS04.<#a#c.> ,9 AN IMPRUD5T ADVANCE ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO WAS KILL$ BY A %OT 9 ! HEAD4 ,%ORTLY AFT]W>DS ! SOLDI]S 9 ,AT>AZANAS SURR5D]$1 FLY+ ! :ITE FLAG1 AT ! SI<T ( :I* ! LIB]T>IANS CLIMB$ OV] ! WALLS & 5T]$ AMID A /ORM ( GUNFIRE DIRECT$ AT ! (FIC]S1 :ILE !Y FRAT]NIZ$ ) ! COMMON SOLDI]S4 ,IT WAS A LITTLE BE=E ONE 9 ! AFT]NOON4 

,! ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,B,A,L,A,N,C,E ,%,E,E,T3 ,F,R,O,M ,! ,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,U,P,R,I,S,+ ,T,O ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S ,9,S,U,R,R,E,C,T,I,O,N 

,! MA9 B>RACKS W]E ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CITY & !IR PR$ICTABLE /RATEGY1.<#a#d.> CONFIRM$ BY ! DOCUM5TS ( ! CONSPIRATORS 9 ! UPRIS+1 :I* HAD FALL5 9TO ! H&S ( ,MAJOR ,FELIP ,DIAZ ,S&9O1 CONSI/$ 9 CONV]G+ 9 ! C5T] ( ! CITY TO OCCUPY ! GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 ESPECIALLY ! ,PALACIO DE LA ,G5]ALITAT & ?AT ( ! ,GOB]NACION1 ! COMMUNICATIONS C5T]S SU* AS ! ,TELEPHONE1 ,PO/ ,(FICE & ,TELEGRAPH FACILITIES1 & ! RADIO TRANSMITT]S & TO MAKE CONTACT ) ! ,DIVISION HEADQU>T]S 7! ,CAPITANIA BUILD+74 

,! =CES LOYAL TO ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT HAD A BICEPHAL\S LEAD]%IP1 DIVID$ BETWE5 ! ,POLICE ,/ATION ON ,VIA ,LAYETANA1.<#a#e.> UND] ! DIRECTION ( ,CAPTA9 ,ESC(ET & ,MAJOR ,ALB]TO ,>R&O1 :O EX]CIS$ PROVISIONAL COMM& OV] ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 & :]E ,COMPANYS HAD TAK5 REFUGE2 :ILE 9 ! ,PALACIO DE ,GOB]NACION ! *ANCELLOR ,JOSE ,M>IA ,ESPANA DIRECT$ OP]ATIONS1 :O HAD ORD]$ ! MOBILIZATION ( TWO-?IRDS ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D =CES BEH9D ! ,PALACE S9CE ELEV5 9 ! MORN+ ( ! #a#i?4 

,! PLAN ( ! CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 DRAFT$ BY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 CONSI/$ 9 KEEP+ ACTIVITIES 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ! B>RACKS UND] OBS]VATION1 & ALL[+ ! REBEL TROOPS TO LEAVE ! B>RACKS )\T 5GAG+ !M 9 BATTLE1 BECAUSE IT W\LD BE EASI] TO DEFEAT !M 9 ! /REETS4 ,! CLOSE P]SONAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T & V>I\S REPUBLICAN (FICIALS1 ESPECIALLY FROM ,AT>AZANAS & ! ,EL ,PRAT AIRFIELD1 PROV$ TO BE ( DECISIVE IMPORTANCE ON ,JULY #a#i?1.<#a#f.> ) ! SEIZURE ( ! IMPORTANT >S5AL AT ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS & ! WEAPONS /OR$ AT ! ,GOB]NACION1 TOGE!R ) ! CONT9U\S AIR BOMB>DM5TS ( ! B>RACKS HELD BY ! REBELS4 ,! COLLABORATION ( ! ,C,N,T ) ! AIR =CE HAD ALREADY MAT]IALIZ$ SEV]AL DAYS BE=E ! REBEL UPRIS+1 9 ! =M ( 9TREPID RECONNAISSANCE FLI<TS OV] ,B>CELONA C>RI$ \T BY V>I\S MEMB]S ( ! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P 9 PLANES PILOT$ BY ! (FIC]S ,PONCE DE ,LEON & ,MEANA1 ) ! KN[L$GE ( ,DIAZ ,S&9O1 COMM&] ( ! AIR =CE AT ,PRAT4.<#a#g.> 

,! >ROGANCE & 9EPTITUDE ( ! REBEL (FIC]S1 :O W]E CONV9C$ ?AT 0! MOB0 W\LD RUN AWAY 9 FE> ONCE !Y HE>D ! FIR/ SALVO ( CANNON FIRE1 OR ONCE !Y SAW ! SOLDI]S M>*+ D[N ! /REET 9 M>TIAL ORD]1 L$ TO ! AMBU%ES ?AT !Y SUFF]$ AT ,C9CO DE ,OROS1 ,BALMES-,DIAGONAL & AT ,IC>IA ,AV5UE1 :]E !Y W]E TAK5 BY SURPRISE & MASSACR$ :ILE ADVANC+ SL[LY D[N ! MIDDLE ( ! /REET1 ) MULES DRAGG+ !IR >TILL]Y PIECES1 )\T ANY SC\TS S5T \T AHEAD1 OR ANY PROTECTION FROM 9FANTRY4 ,! REBELS W]E SURE ?AT ! UPRIS+ W\LD BE A MILIT>Y CAKEWALK1 AS WAS ! CASE ON ,OCTOB] #f1 #a#i#c#d4 ,BUT ON ,JULY #ai ! REBELS DID NOT HAVE TO CONFRONT F\R OV]WE5+ ,CATALANI/S1 L$ BY AN 9COMPET5T GOV]NOR LIKE ! FASCI/ ,D5CAS1 OR AN ANTI-,C,N,T POLICE *IEF LIKE ,BADIA1 :O WAS ALSO HO/ILE TO ,COMPANYS BECAUSE ( A DISPUTE OV] WOM51.<#a#h.> BUT ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT ( ,B>CELONA1 ORGANIZ$ 9 DEF5SE COMMITTEES 9 EA* WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD & 9 ! GR\PS ( MILITANTS ( ! V>I\S TRADE UNIONS ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,?AT IS1 BY ?OSE NONPR(ESSIONAL PROLET>IAN COMBATANTS :O1 OV] ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE ITSELF1 W\LD BE CALL$ & W\LD CALL !MSELVES1 AFT] ! EV5+ ( ,JULY #a#i1 & AS !Y TOOK UP >MS3 ! WORK]S MILITIAS1 ! MILITIAM54 

,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,C9CO DE ,OROS1 ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ! CONFRONTATIONS ) ! REBELS WAS ALWAYS SEIZ$ BY ! PROLET>IAT3 ON ! ,P>ALELO1 9 ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 9 ,B>CELONETA1 9 ,SAN ,&RES4 ,! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS 7#a1#i#f M5 9 ALL7.<#a#i.> W]E 9CIT$ TO FI<T & RESI/ BY ! C\RAGE & FE>LESSNESS ( ! WORK]S1 :OM !Y OV]:ELM+LY SUPPORT$4 ,ON NUM]\S OCCASIONS ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS HESITAT$1 AS !Y DID AT ,DIPUTACION ,/REET 9 !IR CONFRONTATION ) ! >TILL]Y UNIT1 OR EV5 COLLABORAT$ ) ! REBELS1 AS !Y DID AT ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 OR W]E DECIMAT$ & ANNIHILAT$ BY ! REBELS1 AS HAPP5$ TO A COMPANY AT ! PORT ( ,BALE>ES4 ,! COMM&]S ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 ,G5]AL ,>ANGUR5 & ,COLONEL ,BROTONS1 W]E 0SEMI-PRISON]S0 9 ! ,PALACIO DE ,GOB]NACION1 CLOSELY GU>D$ BY ,JOSE ,M>IA ,ESPANA1 ,VIC5TE ,GU>N] 7,ESC(ET'S SECOND-9-COMM&7 & ,5RIQUE ,P]EZ ,F>RAS4 ,! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS W]E A NON-FACTOR DUR+ ! EV5TS1 UP UNTIL ! MOM5T :5 ,COLONEL ,ESCOB> RECEIV$ ! ORD] FROM ,G5]AL ,>ANGUR5 TO SEIZE ! ,UNIV]SITY & ! ,HOTEL ,COLON4 ,ESC(ET1 ! POLICE COMMISSION]1 HAD ORD]$ ,>ANGUR5 BY TELEPHONE1 9 ! NAME ( ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS1 TO BR+ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS 9TO ! CONFLICT1 9 AN ATTEMPT TO DAMP5 ! PROLET>IAN COMBATIV5ESS & TO BREAK ! DUBI\S NEUTRALITY & WAIT-&-SEE ATTITUDE ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 ,BUT ! MI/RU/1 BO? ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]S AS WELL AS ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 T[>DS ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS WAS NEV] DISPELL$4 ,! TROOPS ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS HAD ALREADY RECEIV$ ORD]S TO CONC5TRATE 9 JU/ TWO B>RACKS ON ! NI<T ( ,JULY #a#h1 ?OSE ( ,AUSIAS ,M>* & ,CONSEJO DE ,CI5TO1 9 ORD] TO KEEP !M UND] OBS]VATION & TO PREV5T ANY ( !M FROM GO+ OV] TO ! SIDE ( ! REBELS1 AS TOOK PLACE ) ! DETA*M5T S5T TO ! MONA/]Y ( ! ,C>MELITES UND] ! COMM& ( ,MAJOR ,RECAS4 ,BO? B>RACKS W]E CON/ANTLY UND] SURVEILLANCE BY GR\PS ( ,C,N,T MILITANTS & SQUADS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,& DUR+ !IR SL[ ADVANCE UP ,LAYETANA1 :5 !Y TRI$ TO GET FROM ! ,PALACIO DE ,GOB]NACION TO ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 ! REMA9+ TWO-?IRDS W]E SEP>AT$ BY LOYAL SOLDI]S FROM ! ,9T5D5CIA1 & WAT*$ V]Y CLOSELY BY GR\PS ( >M$ WORK]S4 ,! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D WAS !RE=E NOT DECISIVE 9 ,B>CELONA1 & 9 ANY CASE ITS 9ITIAL NEUTRALITY WAS MORE IMPORTANT1 AS WAS ! PREV5TION ( ANY ATTEMPTS ON ! P>T ( ITS MEMB]S TO JO9 ! RANKS ( ! REBEL TROOPS4 ,! POLEMIC CONC]N+ :E!R ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ WAS DEFEAT$ BY ! UNITS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 0CONTROLL$0 BY ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 OR BY ! ,C,N,T1 IS CLE>LY AN A PO/]IORI POLITICAL DI/ORTION1 & IS HI/ORICALLY FALSE1 BECAUSE BO? ,GU>D =CES W]E UND]M9$ BY ! 5EMY4 ,! CONTAGI\S & UN/OPPABLE POPUL> & REVOLUTION>Y CLIMATE1 :I* PREVAIL$ 9 ,B>CELONA ON ,JULY #a#i1 COMPELL$ ! =CES ( PUBLIC ORD] TO DO !IR DUTY1 & !Y 5D$ UP LAT] FRAT]NALLY P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! COMMON /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM4 

,IT WAS ! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT1 UND]/OOD AS ! POPULATION ( REC5T IMMIGRANTS 9 ! M>G9AL & M>G9ALIZ$ NEI<BORHOODS ( 0*EAP H\S+0 & ! %ANTYT[NS ( ,LA ,TORRASSA1 ,COLLBLANC1 ,CAN ,TUNIS1 ,SANTA ,COLOMA1 ,SOMORRO/RO1 & ,SAN ,&RES1 & ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S 7ESPECIALLY ! TEXTILE WORK]S1 BUT ALSO ?OSE EMPLOY$ 9 ! METAL 9DU/RY1 ! PORT1 ! GAS & ELECTRIC UTILITIES1 CON/RUCTION1 TRANSPORT1 *EMICALS & WOOD1 ETC471 PAID BADLY & TREAT$ WORSE1 SUBJECT TO HUMILIAT+ FACTORY RULES1 DRACONIAN WORK+ CONDITIONS1 G5]ALIZ$ PIECEWORK & WAGES ?AT DID NOT COV] ! MO/ BASIC NECESSITIES2 ) EXTREMELY H>% LIV+ CONDITIONS1 9SECURE & MIS]ABLE1 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS ( ,SANTS1 ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 ,PUEBLO ,SECO1 ,CLOT1 ,SAN ,&RES & ,B>CELONETA1 OR ! NUM]\S UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S.<#b.> ( ! V>I\S WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,B>CELONA1 ,HOSPITALET & ,BADALONA1 :O TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE1 ORGANIZ$ 9 EA* NEI<BORHOOD 9TO ,C,N,T DEF5SE COMMITTEES4.<#b#a.> ,! DECISIVE IMPACT ?AT ! VICTORY ( ! 9SURRECTION 9 ,B>CELONA W\LD HAVE HAD ON ALL ( ,CATALUNA HAD ALSO ATTRACT$ TO ! CITY1 ALREADY ON ! NI<T ( ,JULY #a#h1 A GR\P ( M9]S FROM ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT & NUM]\S MILITANTS FROM ,T>RASA4 

,! ,C,N,T 9 ,B>CELONA DUR+ ! #a#i#cS CREAT$ A WORLD ( DEEPLY ROOT$ & NECESS>Y SOCIAL1 FAMILY1 NEI<BORHOOD & IMMIGRANT RELATIONS1 :I* TOOK ! =M ( A /RONG S5SE ( NEI<BORHOOD ASSOCIATION1 ( AN ALL-EMBRAC+ K9D1 FROM TRADE UNION & CULTURE TO MUTUAL AID1 SELF-DEF5SE & SOLID>ITY AGA9/ ! ABUSES ( ! EMPLOY]S & ! POLICE4 ,9 A CITY ) AN EXTRAORD9>ILY HI< P]C5TAGE ( REC5T IMMIGRANTS.<#b#b.> S9CE #a#i#a#d1 A WORD-(-M\? EFFECT PREVAIL$1 9 :I* ! MO/ EXP]I5C$ EMIGRANT CONVEY$ 9=MATION AB\T JOBS & H\S+ TO HIS FAMILY OR FRI5DS FROM ! 0VILLAGE01 :I* L$ TO A L>GELY-UN/UDI$ PH5OM5ON :]EBY PEOPLE FROM ! SAME RURAL T[NS CAME TO LIVE 9 ! SAME URBAN NEI<BORHOODS1 OR EV5 ON C]TA9 /REETS4.<#b#c.> ,! 5ORM\S /R5G? ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS HAD BE5 ABLE TO TAKE ROOT & FL\RI% PRECISELY BY MEANS ( ?AT PATI5T & MODE/ WORK ( ORGANIZ+1 TRADE UNIONISM1 $UCAT+1 0PROLET>IANIZ+0 & DEF5D+ ?AT MASSIVE POPULATION ( MIGRANT LABOR P[] ?AT CAME FROM ! RURAL WORLD4 ,B>CELONA WAS AN 9DU/RIAL CITY ) HUGE SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES & PR(\ND CLASS DI/9CTIONS1 ) M>K$ DIFF]5CES ?AT W]E MANIFE/$ BO? ) REG>D TO CLO?+ & FOOD1 AS WELL AS 9 ! WELL DEF9$ GEOGRAPHICAL CLASS B\ND>IES BETWE5 ! ELEGANT B\RGEOIS NEI<BORHOODS 7>\ND ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA & ! ,D]E*A DEL ,5SAN*E71 ) LUXURI\S BUILD+S :]E MOD]NISM FL\RI%$2 & ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS1 )\T 9FRA/RUCTURE OR PUBLIC S]VICES1 UNHEAL?Y1 LACK+ URBAN AM5ITIES1 SUBJECT$ TO ! S]VICE ( 9DU/RY1 9 :I* ! WORK]S H\S+ WAS NO?+ MORE ?AN W>EH\SES1 NEXT TO ! FACTORIES1 = *EAP & ABUNDANT LABOR P[]1 :I* ! RIS+ UNEMPLOYM5T ( ! #a#i#cS PLUNG$ 9TO MIS]Y & M>G9ALIZATION1 CONC5TRAT+ ! POPULATION ( ! OLD T[N AT ,B5GALI LEVELS ( D5SITY1 & EV]Y:]E ]AS+ ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 PROLET>IANS & LUMP51 :O %>$ AN ID5TICAL SITUATION ( /RUGGLE = M]E SURVIVAL4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! CITY'S REC5T SOCIAL HI/ORY1 ) CONFRONTATIONS LIKE ! G5]AL /RIKE AT ,LA ,CANADI5SE 7#a#i#a#i71 & ! \TRI<T CLASS W> ( ! YE>S ( PI/OL]ISMO 7#a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#c7 :I* CONCLUD$ ) ! VICTORY ( ! EMPLOY]S DUR+ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 %[$ ?AT ,B>CELONA SOCIETY WAS NOT BAS$ ON AN AU?ORIT>IAN MODEL ( SUBMISSION ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! LOCAL B\RGEOISIE1 :I* DID NOT HESITATE TO RESORT TO /ATE T]RORISM1 OR BRUTAL REPRESSION BY MEANS ( ! >MY1 TO PRES]VE ITS AU?ORITY4 

,FROM ! V]Y FIR/ MOM5T ?AT ! REBEL TROOPS BEGAN TO LEAVE !IR B>RACKS1 AT >\ND F\R-FIFTE5 9 ! MORN+1 UNTIL ! AFT]NOON ( ,JULY #a#i1 IT WAS !SE DEF5SE COMMITTEES 79 :I* ! AN>*I/ AFF9ITY GR\PS & ! LIB]T>IAN CULTURAL C5T]S HAD BE5 9TEGRAT$7 & ! C5ETI/A MILITANTS1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! (FICES ( ! V>I\S TRADE UNIONS ( ! ,C,N,T1 ESPECIALLY ! WOODWORK]S1 ON ,ROSAL ,/REET1 ! ,TRANSPORT & ,METAL ,WORK]S1 ON ! ,RAMBLA DE ,SANTA ,MONICA1 & ! ,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S1 AT ,NUMB] #bf ,M]CAD]S ,/REET1 NE> ! ,CASA ,CAMBO1 :I* L$ ! >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,AT AB\T N9E 9 ! MORN+ AN UN/OPPABLE REVOLUTION>Y CONTAGION BEGAN TO SPREAD1 MASSIVE & MIMETIC1 CURI\S & BOLD1 :I* BY ! AFT]NOON HAD BECOME A MASS PH5OM5ON1 :I* FILL$ ! /REETS ) AN IMM5SE CR[D ?AT WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE AT ANY PRICE 9 ! BATTLE ( ,B>CELONA AGA9/ FASCISM1 ANXI\S NOT TO MISS ! OPPORTUNITY ( 9T]V5+ SO ?AT ! PEOPLE'S VICTORY W\LD BE ASSUR$4 ,! RADIO NEV] CEAS$ TO 5C\RAGE ! /RUGGLE ) ITS /IRR+ REPORTS4 ,REQUISITION$ C>S1 ON :I* ! 9ITIALS ,C,N,T-,F,A,I OR ,U,H,P HAD BE5 EMBLAZON$1 FULL ( >M$ MILITIAM51 ASSUR$ EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWE5 B>RICADES1 ! SITES :]E BATTLES W]E TAK+ PLACE & ! TRADE UNION LOCALS1 DRIV+ AT HI< SPE$ D[N ! SIDE /REETS1 :I* W]E TOTALLY CONTROLL$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,! WORK]S AT ! ,TELEPHONE COMPANY1 :O HAD ALREADY CUT (F ! COMMUNICATIONS ( ! ,CAPITANIA ) ! REBEL B>RACKS1 9/ALL$ TELEPHONES AT SOME ( ! /RATEGIC B>RICADES4 

,AT ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ! ,P>ALELO ) ,SAN ,PABLO ,/REET1 ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,PABLO & ,ROSAL ,/REET1 NEXT TO ,EL ,MOL9O1 ! >M$ PROLET>IAT1 )\T HELP FROM ANYONE1 DEFEAT$ ! >MY4 ,BUT ?IS VICTORY W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE )\T ?AT IMM5SE CR[D ( PEOPLE :O H>ASS$ ! REBELS AT EV]Y CORN]1 FROM EV]Y BALCONY1 FROM EV]Y DOORWAY1 FROM ! T]RACES & RO(TOPS1 :O WAT*$ ! MOVEM5TS ( ! TROOPS1 BUILT B>RICADES1 (F]$ FOOD & DR9K1 OR M$ICAL AID1 9=MATION & %ELT] TO ! COMBATANT WORK]S1 & :O ANXI\SLY WAIT$ = SOMEONE TO FALL W\ND$ 9 ORD] TO PICK UP !IR MU*-S\<T AFT] RIFLE OR PI/OL1 9 ORD] TO C>RY ON ) ! BATTLE4 

,>\ND N9E 9 ! MORN+ A SQUADRON COM+ FROM ! ,PLAZA DE LA ,UNIV]SIDAD PROCE$$ D[N ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,ANTONIO.<#b#d.> T[>DS ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO4 ,BUT ALREADY AT ! ,RONDA DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 9 FRONT ( ! ,M]CADO DE ,SAN ,ANTONIO1 ! REBELS W]E ATTACK$ FROM ALL SIDES BY A BOLD CR[D1 & !Y HAD TO TAKE REFUGE 9 ! MONA/]Y ( ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS DE ,SAN ,ANTONIO1 :]E1 AFT] AN H\R-LONG SIEGE1 !IR AMMUNITION EXHAU/$1 !Y HAD NO O!R *OICE BUT TO SURR5D]4 

,AT ELEV5 9 ! MORN+1 ! TROOPS :O HAD OCCUPI$ ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA ATTEMPT$ TO GO TO ! AID ( ! REBELS :O W]E FI<T+ 9 ! ,BRE*A DE ,SAN ,PABLO1 BECAUSE AFT] FIVE H\RS ( COMBAT !Y NE$$ AMMUNITION & PROVISIONS1 BUT NOT ONLY C\LD !Y NOT ADVANCE BEYOND ,AV5IDA ,C9E1 BUT !Y W]E ATTACK$ BY ! CR[DS & HAD TO RETREAT4 ,AFT] SEV]AL H\RS ( RESI/ANCE !Y W]E =C$ TO AB&ON A SQU>E ?AT !Y C\LD NO LONG] CONTROL1 FLEE+ 9 HA/E TO ! B>RACKS !Y HAD LEFT1 & LEAV+ BEH9D !IR TWO >TILL]Y PIECES ?AT !Y HAD SET UP 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! SQU>E1 BECAUSE ! 9CREAS+ & FE>LESS ATTACKS ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES ( ,SANTS1 ,HO/AFRANCS1 ,LA ,TORRASSA1 ,LA ,BORDETA & ,COLLBLANC HAD TAK5 ! FAIRGR\NDS >EA & ALL ! /REETS ?AT L$ TO ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA1 TRANS=M+ IT 9TO A MASSIVE TRAP )\T ANY POSSIBLE DEF5SE1 ONCE ! MASSES ( ! WORK]S HAD SECUR$ ,T>RAGONA ,/REET1 ! ONLY /REET ?AT REMA9$ OP5 BY :I* ! SOLDI]S C\LD RETURN TO !IR B>RACKS4 ,AT ?REE 9 ! AFT]NOON ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE2 IT WAS AN E]IE PLAZA1 /REWN ) CORPSES & DISMEMB]$ ANIMALS4 

,?ANKS TO ! FACT ?AT ! REBEL TROOPS :O W]E FI<T+ 9 ! ,BRE*A REMA9$ TOTALLY ISOLAT$1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO OBTA9 ANY HELP AT ALL1 BETWE5 ELEV5 & NOON ! F9AL ASSAULT ON ! MA*9E GUNS 9/ALL$ 9 ! C5T] ( ! ,P>ALELO ,AV5UE TOOK PLACE1 :I* WE DESCRIB$ ABOVE4 ,BETWE5 NOON & TWO 9 ! AFT]NOON A SMALL GR\P WAIT$ = ! LA/ SOLDI]S1 :O HAD TAK5 REFUGE 9SIDE ,EL ,MOL9O1 TO F9ALLY USE UP :AT REMA9$ ( !IR AMMUNITION4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! IMM5SE CR[DS ?AT HAD SEIZ$ ! 5TIRE ,P>ALELO1 FROM ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA TO ,AT>AZANAS1 & FROM ! ,BRE*A TO ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS1 SET (F1 VICTORI\S1 5?USIA/IC1 & ) BETT] WEAPONS1 T[>DS ?OSE PLACES :]E FI<T+ WAS /ILL TAK+ PLACE1 ANXI\S NOT TO MISS \T ON ! GLORY ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! F9AL VICTORY OV] FASCISM1 OR T[>DS ! B>RACKS ( ,SAN ,&RES1 :]E IT W\LD SOON BE POSSIBLE TO OBTA9 A MU*-DESIR$ RIFLE4 

,!SE SAME MASSES1 >M$ OR NOT1 BUT FILL$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y FEV]1 WE F9D 9 ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 H>ASS+ ! REBEL TROOPS UNTIL !Y CAUS$ !M TO BREAK =MATION1 & F9ALLY =C+ !M TO TAKE REFUGE 9 ! ,HOTEL ,COLON1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY FULFILL !IR MISSION TO SEIZE ! NE>BY BROADCA/+ /ATION ( ,RADIO ,B>CELONA1 AT ,NUMB] #ab ,CASPE1 OR ,RADIO ,ASOCIACION1 AT ,NUMB] #h ,RAMBLA DE LOS ,E/UDIOS4 ,?IS WAS ! SAME CR[D1 CURI\S1 EXALT$ & BOLD TO ! PO9T ( RECKLESSNESS1 ?AT1 AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ,DIPUTACION & ,LAURIA1 /OPP$ & P>ALYZ$ ! >TILL]Y =CES ?AT HAD BE5 DISPAT*$ TO AID ! REBELS :O W]E ISOLAT$ & BESIEG$ 9 ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y W]E CLOSE 5\< TO HE> ! RATTLE ( ! MA*9E GUN AT ! ,HOTEL ,COLON4 ,?IS WAS ! SAME CR[D ?AT BROKE & DISP]S$ ! REBELS 9 ! ,PLAZA DE ,URQU9AONA4 ,?IS CR[D1 :I* DID NOT OBS]VE ANY IDEOLOGICAL T5D5CIES1 OR P>TIES1 FRAT]NIZ$ 9 ! /REET FI<T+ ) ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 CAUS+ !M TO RELAX !IR DISCIPL9E4 ,!Y W]E ! SAME CR[DS ?AT ASSAULT$ ! B>RACKS ( ,SAN ,&RES1 SEIZ+ ?IRTY ?\S& RIFLES1 & :I* BY !IR M]E PRES5CE1 EXULTANT & FE/IVE1 P>ALYZ$ ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS :O W]E S5T TO PREV5T !M FROM DO+ SO4 ,& IT WAS ?IS 5RAG$ & IMPATI5T CR[D ?AT ON ! #b? M]CILESSLY EXECUT$ MONKS & (FIC]S :O HAD CONT9U$ TO RESI/1 PROVOK+ A USELESS SPILL+ ( ! PEOPLE'S BLOOD1 & :O DISPLAY$ SOME ( ! CORPSES AS LESSONS4 

,>,M,$ ,V,I,C,T,O,R,Y ,& ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,C,A,P,I,T,U,L,A,T,I,O,N 

,C\NT+ ! CASUALTIES ON BO? SIDES ! TOTAL WAS AB\T F\R HUNDR$ FIFTY DEAD 7MO/LY C5ETI/AS7 & ?\S&S ( W\ND$4 ,9 ?IRTY-TWO H\RS ! PEOPLE ( ,B>CELONA HAD DEFEAT$ ! >MY4 ,ALMO/ ALL ! *UR*ES & MONA/]IES1 SOME ALREADY ON ! MORN+ ( ! #a#i?1 W]E BURN$ UND] CONTROLL$ CONDITIONS OR HAD C(F9S BURN$ AT !IR DOORS1 ) ! NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS ( ! ,CA!DRAL & ! ,*UR* ( ! ,HOLY ,FAMILY1 SEIZ$ BY ! 0MOSSOS D'ESQUADRA0 & ! LIB]T>IANS1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT WAS >M$ ) ! ?IRTY ?\S& RIFLES ( ,SAN ,&RES4 ,ESC(ET RESIGN$ FROM HIS POSITION AS ,POLICE ,*IEF AT ! 5D ( ,JULY1 BECAUSE HE C\LD NO LONG] GU>ANTEE PUBLIC ORD]4 ,! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ,CIVIL ,GU>DS W]E1 FROM A MILIT>Y PO9T ( VIEW1 UND\BT$LY MORE EFFICI5T & DISCIPL9$ ?AN ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES & ! V>I\S GR\PS ( >M$ WORK]S2 BUT )\T ! P>TICIPATION ( ! CR[DS 9 ! /REET BATTLES1 !SE COMPANIES ( ,CIVIL ,GU>DS OR ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 POLITICALLY CONS]VATIVE OR FASCI/1 W\LD HAVE PASS$ ) !IR WEAPONS & SUPPLIES OV] TO ! SIDE ( ! REBEL TROOPS3 !Y W]E NEI!R ! W9N]S NOR ! LOS]S 9 ?IS BATTLE4 ,! MILIT>Y & FASCI/ UPRIS+1 :I* HAD C\NT$ ON ! COMPLICITY ( ! ,*UR*1 FAIL$ ALMO/ EV]Y:]E 9 ,SPA91 CREAT+1 AS A REACTION1 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,! DEFEAT ( ! >MY BY ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! 0R$ ZONE0 HAD COMPLETELY DE/ROY$ ! /ATE MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE1 LEAD+ TO ! BLOSSOM+ ( A MYRIAD ( LOCAL P[]S1 DIRECTLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! LOCAL EX]CISE ( VIOL5CE4 ,VIOL5CE & P[] W]E 9TIMATELY RELAT$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! SO-CALL$ 0=CES ( PUBLIC ORD]01 ?OSE ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 :I* HAD BE5 SO UNDECID$ AB\T :I* SIDE TO TAKE1 & :I* 5D$ UP FRAT]NIZ+ ) ! >M$ PEOPLE1 HAD BE5 ASSIGN$ TO !IR B>RACKS BY ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 AWAIT+ ! OPPORTUNE MOM5T TO DEPLOY !M 9 SUPPORT ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,?IS G5]ALIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION WAS :AT CAUS$ ! EM]G5CE1 )\T ! DIRECTIVES ( ANY ORGANIZATION1 OR ANY DIRECTIVE C5T]S ( ANY K9D1 9 EV]Y PLACE 9 ,SPA9 :]E ! FASCI/ UPRIS+ HAD BE5 DEFEAT$3 COMMITTEES2 ! >M+ ( ! PROLET>IAT2 B>RICADES & CONTROL PATROLS2 POPUL> MILITIAS2 CONFISCAT$ C>S & TRUCKS ) ! CONF$]AL 9ITIALS PA9T$ ON !IR SIDES1 FILL$ ) M5 WAV+ RIFLES OV] !IR HEADS1 RAC+ L\DLY UP & D[N ! /REETS2 ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( HATS & TIES2 ! BURN+ ( ! *UR*ES2 PASSES ISSU$ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES2 LOOT+ ( ! H\SES ( ! B\RGEOISIE2 REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES ON A REGIONAL OR LOCAL SCALE 9 ,MALAGA1 ,B>CELONA1 ,>AGON1 ,VAL5CIA1 ,GIJON1 ,MADRID1 ,SANT&]1 ,SAMA DE ,LANGREO1 ,L]IDA1 ,CA/ELLON1 ,C>TAG5A1 ,ALICANTE1 ,ALM]IA1 AMONG ! MO/ WELL-KN[N2 P]SECUTION1 IMPRISONM5T OR MURD] 09 SITU0 ( FASCI/S1 REBEL (FIC]S1 EMPLOY]S & PRIE/S2 CONFISCATION ( FACTORIES1 B>RACKS & BUILD+S ( ALL K9DS2 WORK]S CONTROL COMMITTEES & A LONG ETCET]A 9 :I* ! EX]CISE ( VIOL5CE ,W,A,S ,I,T,S,E,L,F ! MANIFE/ATION ( ! NEW WORK]S P[]4 ,9 ! WEEKS FOLL[+ ,JULY #ai 9 ,B>CELONA A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION >OSE1 NEW & UNPREC$5T$1 FE/IVE & SAVAGE1 9 :I* ! EXECUTION ( ! FASCI/1 ( ! BOSS OR ! PRIE/1 ,W,A,S ! REVOLUTION4 ,VIOL5CE & P[] W]E ID5TICAL4 ,RA!R ?AN DUAL P[]1 !RE WAS AN ATOMIZATION ( P[]4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y TORR5T DRAGG$ EV]Y?+ ALONG ) ITS FURI\S1 R$EMPTIVE & 9EXORABLE EC/ASY4 ,AL?\< ! /ATE 9/ITUTIONS REMA9$1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I DECID$ IT WAS NECESS>Y TO ,F,I,R,/ CRU% FASCISM :]E IT HAD TRIUMPH$1 & ACCEPT$ ! CREATION ALONGSIDE ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :OSE EXI/5CE WAS NOT QUE/ION$1 ( A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALUNA 7,C,C,M,A71.<#b#e.> :I* WAS TO BE AN EXT5D$ V]SION ( ! COLLABORATION ( ! MILIT>Y LIAISON COMMITTEE 9 :I* ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ! LOYAL MILIT>Y (FIC]S1 ! CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE & ! O!R REPUBLICAN & WORK+ CLASS P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS P>TICIPAT$ DUR+ ! /REET FI<T+4 

,ALSO ON ! #b?1 ,COMPANYS1 AS PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :I* /ILL EXI/$1 SUMMON$ ! LEAD]S ( ! V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS TO ! ,PALACE1 9CLUD+ ! AN>*I/S4 ,A DEBATE WAS HELD AT A PL5UM ( MILITANTS1 MEET+ AT ! ,CASA ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 TO DET]M9E :E!R !Y %\LD RESPOND TO ! 9VITATION ( ! PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 & AFT] A BRIEF ANALYSIS ( ! SITUATION 9 ! /REETS1 IT WAS DECID$ TO S5D ! ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE TO ! ,G5]ALITAT TO MEET ) ,COMPANYS4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! DELEGATION ATT5D$ ! MEET+.<#b#f.> >M$1 TIR$ & FIL?Y FROM BATTLE3 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI1 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1.<#b#g.> 0,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN01 ,JOSE ,AS5S & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ4.<#b#h.> ,MEET+ ) ! DELEGATES ( ! V>I\S POLITICAL & TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS ON ! PATIO ( ! ORANGES1 9CLUD+ ,&REU ,N91 ,JOAN ,COMOR]A1 ,JOSEP ,COLL1 & ,JOSEP ,ROVIRA1 !Y DISCUSS$ !IR EXP]I5CES 9 ! EV5TS1 EXCIT$LY PASS+ FROM ONE GR\P TO ANO!R1 UNTIL ,COMPANYS APPE>$1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ,P]EZ ,F>RAS4 ,! V>I\S GR\PS COMB9$ 9TO ONE1 ALL NEXT TO ONE ANO!R & 9 A L9E1 9 RESPECTFUL SIL5CE4 ,COMPANYS LOOK$ AT ALL ( !M1 ONE BY ONE1 SATISFI$1 S]5E & SMIL+4 ,FIX+ HIS GAZE ON ! ,C,N,T DELEGATION HE GREET$ !M ) !SE WORDS3 0,Y\ HAVE WON4 ,TODAY Y\ >E ! MA/]S ( ! CITY & ( ,CATALUNA1 BECAUSE ONLY Y\ HAVE DEFEAT$ ! FASCI/ (FIC]S1 & ,I HOPE ?AT Y\ WILL NOT BE ANGRY ) ME = REM9D+ Y\ ?AT Y\ DID NOT LACK ! HELP ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! 'MOSSOS D'ESQUADRA'40 ,HE CONT9U$1 9 A M$ITATIVE TONE3 0,BUT ! TRU? IS ?AT AL?\< Y\ W]E H>%LY P]SECUT$ RI<T UP UNTIL YE/]DAY1 TODAY Y\ HAVE DEFEAT$ ! MILIT>Y & ! FASCI/S40 ,AFT] GREET+ ALL ( ?OSE PRES5T1 /&+1 =M$ 9 A CIRCLE >\ND HIM1 AS ! MA/]S ( ! /REET1 HE ASK$1 0,& N[ :AT %ALL WE DO80 ,LOOK+ AT ! C5ETI/AS1 HE TOLD !M3 0,SOME?+ MU/ BE DONE TO DEAL ) ?IS NEW SITUATION60 ,HE CONT9U$1 W>N+ !M ?AT1 AL?\< WE HAD CONQU]$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! /RUGGLE WAS NOT OV]1 0WE DO NOT KN[ :5 & H[ IT WILL TURN \T 9 ! RE/ ( ,SPA901 !N HE CALL$ ATT5TION TO HIS POSITION & ! ROLE ?AT HE C\LD PLAY 9 HIS (FICE3 0= MY P>T1 ,I REPRES5T ! ,G5]ALITAT1 A REAL BUT DIFFUSE /ATE ( OP9ION & 9T]NATIONAL RECOGNITION4 ,!Y >E MI/AK5 :O CONSID] ALL ( ?IS AS SOME?+ USELESS01 & CONCLUD$ BY CLAIM+ ?AT IF IT WAS NECESS>Y TO =M A NEW GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 0,I AM AT Y\R DISPOSAL IF Y\ WANT TO SPEAK TO ME04 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] RESPOND$3 0,Y\ CAN REMA9 AS ,PRESID5T4 ,WE >E NOT AT ALL 9T]E/$ 9 ! PRESID5CY OR ! GOV]NM5T01 AS IF HE HAD UND]/OOD ?AT ,COMPANYS WAS RESIGN+ HIS POSITION4 ,AFT] ?IS FIR/ MEET+1.<#b#i.> 9=MAL & /RESSFUL1 ( ! V>I\S DELEGATES1 /&+ ALL >\ND ,COMPANYS1 ! LATT] 9VIT$ !M TO 5T] ONE ( ! ,PALACE'S P>LORS1 :]E !Y W]E COM=TABLY SEAT$1 TO COORD9ATE ! UNITY & ! COLLABORATION ( ALL ! ANTIFASCI/ =CES1 BY WAY ( ! =MATION ( A COMMITTEE ( MILITIAS1 ?AT W\LD CONTROL DISORD] 9 ! /REETS & ORGANIZE ! MILITIA COLUMNS ?AT HAD TO BE S5T TO ,Z>AGOZA4 

,! ,5L>G$ ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T1 9=M$ BY ! ,C,N,T DELEGATION ( ! 9T]VIEW AT ! ,PALACE1 AGRE$ AFT] BRIEF DELIB]ATION TO TELL ,COMPANYS BY TELEPHONE ?AT ! ,C,N,T ACCEPT$ ON PR9CIPLE ! CON/ITUTION ( A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS 7,C,C,M,A71 P5D+ ! DEF9ITIVE RESOLUTION ?AT W\LD BE ADOPT$ AT ! ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEES1 :I* WAS TO CONV5E ON ! #b#a/4 ,?AT SAME NI<T ,COMPANYS ORD]$ ?AT ! (FICIAL BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]ALITAT %\LD PR9T A DECREE M&AT+ ! CREATION ( !SE CIVILIAN MILITIAS4 

,ON ,TUESDAY1 ,JULY #b#a1.<#c.> AT ! ,CASA ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! PROPOSAL ( ,COMPANYS ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD P>TICIPATE 9 A ,C,C,M,A WAS SUBMITT$ = ! =MAL APPROVAL ( A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,DI/RICT ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 CONVOK$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REGIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR ( ,CATALUNA4 ,AFT] ! 9TRODUCTORY REPORT BY ,M>IANET1 ,JOSE ,X5A1 REPRES5T+ ! ,DI/RICT ( ,BAIX ,LLOBREGAT1 PROPOS$ ! )DRAWAL ( ! ,C,N,T DELEGATES FROM ! ,C,C,M,A & ?AT ! ORGANIZATION %\LD PROCE$ ) ! REVOLUTION TO E/ABLI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] !N SPOKE & *>ACT]IZ$ ! DEBATE & ! DECISION ?AT HAD TO BE MADE AS A *OICE BETWE5 AN 0ABSURD0 AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP OR COLLABORATION.<#c#a.> ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ =CES 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,MILITIAS TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,9 ?IS MANN] ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 DELIB]ATELY OR NOT1.<#c#b.> R5D]$ ! CONFUS$ & AMBIGU\S OPTION ( 0GO+ = BROKE0 UNVIABLE TO ! ,PL5UM4 ,AS OPPOS$ TO ! PROSPECT ( AN 9TRANSIG5T 0AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP01 ! DEF5SE (F]$ BY ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y.<#c#c.> ( ! ACRATIC PR9CIPLES AGA9/ ALL DICTATOR%IP SEEM$ MORE LOGICAL1 BALANC$ & REASONABLE1 SUPPORT$ BY ! >GUM5TS ( ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN CONC]N+ ! DANG] ( ISOLATION & =EIGN 9T]V5TION4 ,YET ANO!R POSITION >OSE1 DEF5D$ BY ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA1 :O PROPOS$ ! USE ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT AS AN 9/RUM5T = SOCIALIZATION & COLLECTIVIZATION1 :ILE WAIT+ TO DISPOSE ( IT :5 IT CEAS$ TO BE USEFUL TO ! ,C,N,T4.<#c#d.> ,! PL5UM PROV$ TO BE FAVORABLE TO ! IDEA ( ! ,C,N,T COLLABORAT+ ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ =CES 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,MILITIAS1 ) ! ONE NEGATIVE VOTE ( ! ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE ( ,BAIX ,LLOBREGAT4 ,MO/ ( ?OSE :O ATT5D$ ! ,PL5UM1 9CLUD+ ,DURRUTI & ,ORTIZ1 REMA9$ SIL5T1 BECAUSE !Y ?\<T1 AS DID SO MANY O!RS1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION MU/ BE PO/PON$ UNTIL ! CAPTURE ( ,Z>AGOZA & ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM4 ,SO1 )\T FUR!R DEBATE OR PHILOSOPHICAL CONSID]ATIONS1 IT WAS DECID$ TO CONSOLIDATE & 9/ITUTIONALIZE ! ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! ,G5]ALITAT ?AT EXI/$ PRIOR TO ,JULY #a#i1 :I* WAS N[ TRANS=M$1 EXP&$ & FUR!R ELABORAT$ 9 ! ,C,C,M,A ?AT1 BY EMBODY+ ! ANTIFASCI/ UNITY ( ALL ! P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS1 WAS TO BE RESPONSIBLE = IMPOS+ ORD] ON ! RE>GU>D & ORGANIZ+ & SUPPLY+ ! MILITIAS ?AT HAD TO GO ,>AGON TO FI<T ! FASCI/S4 

,AT ! FIR/ MEET+ ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,MILITIAS1 HELD ON ! NI<T ( ! #b#a/1 ! ,C,N,T REPRES5TATIVES.<#c#e.> CLE>LY DISPLAY$ = ! REPUBLICANS & ,CATALANI/S !IR P[] & 9DEP5D5T *>ACT]1 HAV+ PUBLI%$ A PUBLIC PROCLAMATION ?AT GAVE ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE MANY MORE RESPONSIBILITIES & DUTIES1 BO? ) REG>D TO MILIT>Y MATT]S & PUBLIC SAFETY1 ?AN W]E 9ITIALLY CONC$$ BY ! ,DECREE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,IT WAS NOT AN IDLE BOA/ ?AT CAUS$ ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 9 RESPONSE TO A QUE/ION ?AT HAD >IS5 AT ?IS FIR/ SESSION ( ! ,C,C,M,A AB\T :O DEFEAT$ ! >MY1 TO ANSW] ?AT IT WAS 0! SAME PEOPLE AS ALWAYS3 ! DREGS ( SOCIETY01 ?AT IS1 ! UNEMPLOY$1 ! REC5T IMMIGRANTS & ! M>G9AL & IMPOV]I%$ POPULATION LIV+ 9 ! 0*EAP H\S+0 ( ,LA ,TORRASSA1 ,CAN ,TUNIS1 ,SOMORRO/RO1 ,SANTA ,COLOMA & ,SAN ,&RES1 & ! ABUS$ 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT ?AT1 9 EXTREMELY H>% LIV+ CONDITIONS1 DEVA/AT$ BY MASSIVE UNEMPLOYM5T1 WORK$ LONG H\RS1 W5T TO WORK HUNGRY1 OR WORK$ TEMPOR>Y JOBS = PIECEWORK RATES1 PIL$ UP 9 ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO1 ,SANTS1 ,B>CELONETA1 ,*9O1 ,HO/AFRANCS OR ,PUEBLO ,SECO1 :O R5T$ OR SUBLEAS$ SMALL %ACKS1 H\SES OR AP>TM5TS ?AT !Y HAD TO %>E ) O!RS BECAUSE ( ! UNAF=DABLE R5TS4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ,COMPANYS HAD AU?ORIZ$ ,M>T9 ,B>R]A1 ! ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR1 TO MAKE A RADIO ANN\NCEM5T ( ! REGULATIONS CONC]N+ ! R$UCTION ( ! WORK+ DAY1 WAGE 9CREASES1 R5T R$UCTIONS & NEW LABOR LAWS :I* HAD TO FIR/ BE AGRE$ TO BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EMPLOY]S ASSOCIATIONS1 SU* AS ! ,EMPLOY]S ,F$]ATION1 ! ,*AMB]S ( ,9DU/RY & ( ,REAL ,E/ATE1 ETC41 TO :OM HE EXPLA9$ ! NECESSITY ( *ANNEL+ ! REVOLUTION>Y IMPULSE ( ! MASSES1 AS ! DIRECTOR ( ! POTA% M9ES ( ,SURIA HAD 9 FACT ALREADY DONE1 :O PREF]R$ TO SUFF] F9ANCIAL LOSSES 9/EAD ( GO+ BACK TO ! M9E & BE+ TAK5 HO/AGE BY ! M9]S4 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! MEET+ V>I\S REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EMPLOY]S RECEIV$ PHONE CALLS W>N+ !M NOT TO RETURN TO !IR HOMES1 BECAUSE PATROLS ( >M$ M5 W]E LOOK+ = !M4 ,! MEET+ 5D$ :5 IT BECAME CLE> ?AT ! BUS9ESSM5 :O W]E PRES5T NO LONG] REPRES5T$ ANYONE4 ,! RADIO ANN\NCEM5T WAS BROADCA/ ANYWAY1 SEV]AL DAYS LAT]1 9 AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A SAFE FRAMEWORK = POPUL> 5?USIASM & DEM&S4 

,ON ,?URSDAY1 ,JULY #b#c1 AT ! ,CASA ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! QUE/ION ( ! 5TRY ( ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S 9TO ! ,C,C,M,A & ! SIGNIFICANT OPPOSITION TO ?IS POLICY ON ! P>T ( ! MILITANTS1 WAS SUBMITT$ TO DEBATE AT A ,JO9T ,PL5UM ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1.<#c#f.> ?AT IS1 A ,PL5UM ( LEAD+ MILITANTS4.<#c#g.> ,DUR+ ! EV5+ ( ?AT SAME DAY1 ! MEMB]S ( ! 0,NOSOTROS0 GR\P MET AT ! H\SE ( ,GREGORIO ,JOV] TO ANALYZE ! SITUATION1.<#c#h.> & TO BID F>EWELL.<#c#i.> TO ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI PRIOR TO HIS DEP>TURE ON ! FOLL[+ DAY ) A ,COLUMN ( MILITIAM51 :O LEFT ! NEXT MORN+ FROM ,C9CO DE ,OROS1 & TO ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ1 :O EMB>K$ ) ANO!R ,COLUMN ON A TRA9 ON ! EV5+ ( ! #b#d?4.<#d.> 

,AT N9E-?IRTY ON ! MORN+ ( ! #b#d?1 ,DURRUTI1 9 ! NAME ( ! ,C,C,M,A1 DELIV]$ A RADIO ADDRESS 9 :I* HE W>N$ ! C5ETI/AS ( ! IMP]I\S NECESSITY ( REMA9+ VIGILANT AGA9/ ANY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS & NOT TO AB&ON :AT !Y HAD CONQU]$ 9 ,B>CELONA4.<#d#a.> ,DURRUTI SEEM$ TO BE AW>E ( ! DANG] ( LEAV+ ! RE>GU>D UNSECUR$1 ) A CLASS 5EMY ?AT HAD NOT YET BE5 ELIM9AT$4 ,EV]Y?+ HAD TO BE PO/PON$ UNTIL AFT] ! CAPTURE ( ,Z>AGOZA4 

,ON ,SUNDAY1 ,JULY #b#f1 AT ! ,CASA ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! QUE/ION ( ! ,C,N,T'S COLLABORATION 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS1 9 :I* ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,C,N,T W]E ALREADY P>TICIPAT+1.<#d#b.> WAS ONCE AGA9 SUBMITT$ = ! =MAL APPROVAL ( A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,DI/RICT ,F$]ATIONS ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 CONVOK$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REGIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR ( ,CATALUNA4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ! DECISIONS MADE BY ! ,EXP&$ ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO COLLABORATE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT & ! O!R P>TIES1 :I* ALREADY CON/ITUT$ AN IRREV]SIBLE REALITY1 W]E RATIFI$ AGA9 BY ANO!R ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,IT WAS A POLICY ( FAIT ACCOMPLI1 9 :I* ! ,PL5UM ( ! #b#f? P]=M$ ! ROLE ( A SIMPLE RUBB] /AMP = DECISIONS ?AT HAD ALREADY BE5 MADE4 ,AL?\< WE HAVE NO RECORD ( ! DEBATES ?AT TOOK PLACE1 ! F9AL ACCORD LEFT NO ROOM = D\BTS CONC]N+ ! S]I\S OPPOSITION ?AT >OSE AGA9/ ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! COLLABORATIONI/ POSITION ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I--ALL WE KN[ IS ?AT !RE WAS FI]CE OPPOSITION4 ,! RESOLUTION ON ! ANALYSIS ( ! CURR5T REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION CONCLUD$ ) A /ATEM5T ?AT SUPPORT = ! POSITION WAS 0ABSOLUTELY UNANIM\S04 ,CURI\SLY1 ! POSITION ?AT WAS APPROV$ AT ?IS ,PL5UM WAS DEF9$ AS ! 0SAME POSITION01 ?AT IS1 ! ONE ?AT ! ,C,N,T DELEGATION HAD ALREADY PROVISIONALLY ACCEPT$ :5 IT MET ) ,COMPANYS1 ! SAME ONE ?AT WAS APPROV$ BY ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! #b#a/1 & ! SAME ONE ?AT WAS APPROV$ AT ! ,JO9T ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,PL5UM ON ! #b#cRD4 ,:AT POSITION83 0! FASCI/ REBELS >E ! ONLY 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE01 & !RE=E NEI!R ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT NOR ! REPUBLICANS W]E 5EMIES ?AT HAD TO BE ATTACK$1 BUT ALLIES4 ,! R5UNCIATION ( REVOLUTION WAS ALREADY ABSOLUTE3 0,NO ONE %\LD GO ANY FUR!R4 ,NO ONE MU/ BREAK RANKS40 ,AN APPEAL WAS MADE REG>D+ ! MORAL OBLIGATION TO ACCEPT ! DECISIONS ( ! MAJORITY.<#d#c.> & A PR(ESSION ( FAI? 9 ! ANTIFASCI/ CAUSE WAS PRON\NC$3 0,EV]Y DAY1 AGA9/ FASCISM1 ONLY AGA9/ ! FASCISM ?AT RULES HALF ( ,SPA940 ,! F9AL COMMUNIQUE ( ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM CONCLUD$ ) AN UNEQUIVOCAL & 9DISPUTABLE ORD] TO ACCEPT & OBEY ! ,C,C,M,A3 0!RE IS A ,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E ,( ,A,N,T,I,F,A,S,C,I,/ ,M,I,L,I,T,I,A,S ,& ,A ,S,U,B,O,R,D,9,A,T,E ,B,O,D,Y ,C,A,L,L,$ ,! ,S,U,P,P,L,Y ,C,O,M,M,I,S,S,I,O,N4 ,IT IS EV]YONE'S DUTY TO COMPLY ) !IR DIRECTIVES1 & REGUL>LY FOLL[ ! PROC$URES ( ALL !IR ORD]S40 

,ON ,JULY #bh ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS ( ,B>CELONA PROCLAIM$ ! 5D ( ! G5]AL /RIKE4 

,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E,S ,E,V,],Y,:,],E2 ,C,O,O,R,D,9,A,T,I,O,N ,N,O,:,],E 

,VIOL5CE & P[] GO H& 9 H&4 ,ONCE ! /ATE'S MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE WAS DE/ROY$1 BECAUSE ! >MY WAS DEFEAT$ 9 ! /REETS & ! PROLET>IAT HAD TAK5 UP >MS1 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION OP5$ UP ?AT IMPOS$ ITS VIOL5CE1 ITS P[] & ITS ORD]4 ,! P[] ( AN >M$ WORK+ CLASS4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES--DEF5SE1 FACTORY1 NEI<BORHOOD OR T[N1 WORK]S CONTROL COMMITTEES1 SUPPLY COMMITTEES1 ETC4--=M$ ! EMBRYO ( ! ORGANS ( P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y 9ITIAT$ A ME?ODICAL EXPROPRIATION ( ! PROP]TY ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 IMPLEM5T$ 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVIZATION1 ORGANIZ$ ! POPUL> MILITIAS ?AT /ABILIZ$ ! MILIT>Y FRONTS DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW DAYS1 ORGANIZ$ CONTROL PATROLS & RE>GU>D MILITIAS ?AT IMPOS$ ! 0NEW REVOLUTION>Y ORD]0 BY MEANS ( ! VIOL5T REPRESSION ( ! ,*UR*1 ! EMPLOY]S1 FASCI/S & =M] PI/OL]OS & YELL[ TRADE UNIONI/S1 S9CE C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y SNIP]S OP]AT$ CONT9U\SLY = A :OLE WEEK 9 ! CITY4 ,BUT !SE COMMITTEES W]E 9CAPABLE ( COORD9AT+ !IR EF=TS & CREAT+ A C5TRALIZ$ WORK+ CLASS P[]4 ,! 9ITIATIVES & ACTIVITIES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES FREQU5TLY OV]LAPP$ ) & W]E DUPLICAT$ BY ?OSE C>RI$ \T BY ! LEAD]S ( ! V>I\S TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T1 9CLUD+ ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 OR A ,P,\,M ?AT WAS /ILL MAK+ DEM&S = HI<] WAGES & M9OR RE=MS :I* HAD ALREADY BE5 SURPASS$ BY ! EV5TS4 

,A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION EXI/$ ON ! /REETS & 9 ! FACTORIES1 & !RE W]E SOME POT5TIAL ORGANS ( P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT3 ! COMMITTEES1 :I* NO ORGANIZATION WAS CAPABLE OR DESIR\S ( COORD9AT+1 /R5G!N+ & TRANS=M+ 9TO AU!NTIC ORGANS ( P[]4 ,! SPONTANEITY ( ! MASSES HAD ITS LIMITATIONS2 !IR POLITICAL & TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS W]E EV5 MORE LIMIT$4 ,NEI!R POSSESS$ A PREP>$1 PRECISE & REALI/IC PROGRAM ?AT C\LD BE APPLI$ 9 ?AT REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,9DE$1 ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S NOT ONLY DID NOT KN[ :AT TO DO ) P[]1 !Y DID NOT EV5 KN[ :AT IT WAS4 ,AGA9/ ! FASCI/ ?REAT1 :I* HAD TRIUMPH$ 9 HALF ( ,SPA91 !Y IMPOS$ ! SLOGAN ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY1 ( ! SACR$ UNION ) ! DEMOCRATIC & REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE4 ,RA!R ?AN A SITUATION ( DUAL P[] %>$ BETWE5 ! ,G5]ALITAT & ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 !RE WAS A DUPLICATION ( P[]S4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T1 9 MID-,AUGU/1 HAD ALREADY DECID$ TO DISB& ! ,C,C,M,A AS SOON AS ! CONDITIONS P]MITT$ & ! SPONTANEITY 9 ! /REETS SUBSID$ SUFFICI5TLY4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 H[EV]1 EV] S9CE ,JULY #a#i1 ! COMMITTEES ?AT HAD SPONTANE\SLY EM]G$ EV]Y:]E PRAGMATICALLY IMPOS$ ! NEW POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC REALITY ?AT HAD >IS5 FROM ! VICTORY ( ! WORK]S 9SURRECTION OV] ! >MY1 & 9 ,CATALUNA !SE COMMITTEES1 9 FACTORIES & RESID5TIAL >EAS1 EX]CIS$ ALL P[]4 

,S,E,V,5,T,Y ,Y,E,>,S ,L,A,T,]3 ,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N,S ,& ,R,E,F,L,E,C,T,I,O,N,S 

,! /ATE IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MONOPOLY ( VIOL5CE AT ! S]VICE ( ! RUL+ SOCIAL CLASS4 ,! CAPITALI/ /ATE IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9/RUM5TS ( ! RULE ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS OV] ! PROLET>IAT1 ?AT IS1 ! APP>ATUS ( REPRESSION ?AT ASSURES ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! FIR/ TASK ( A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION IS ! TOTAL DE/RUCTION ( ?IS CAPITALI/ /ATE1 & ! CONSOLIDATION ( A WORK]S P[]4 ,)\T ! 9T5TION & PRACTICAL ACTION 7ON ! P>T ( A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION7 TO DE/ROY ! CAPITALI/ /ATE ONE CANNOT SPEAK ( A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,P]HAPS ONE C\LD SPEAK ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 OR A 0POPUL> REVOLUTION01 OR ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY1 A W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 OR A FANTASY 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT )\T ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE01 ! DISCOV]Y ( ! 0BRILLIANT0 ANALYZES ( ! ,P,\,M1 ETC41 BUT NOT ( A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,IDEOLOGICAL AMBIGUITY WAS CONG5ITAL TO ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,& ?IS AMBIGUITY WAS MADE 9TO A VIRTUE BY ! ANTIFASCI/ ,C,N,T BUREAUCRATS & BY ! CLEV] B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS1 :O KNEW H[ TO *ANNEL ! MUDDY WAT]S ( AN>*I/ 9COH]5CE 9TO !IR MILLS4 ,NO ATTEMPT WAS EV] MADE AT ANY TIME TO DE/ROY ! B\RGEOIS /ATE APP>ATUS4 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 ! ,C,C,M,A WAS ! PRODUCT ( ! WORK+ CLASS & AN>*I/ VICTORY ( ,JULY #a#i1 BUT IT WAS ALSO ! PRODUCT ( ! REFUSAL ( ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S TO DE/ROY ! /ATE4 ,! ,C,C,M,A1 ! \TCOME ( A DEAL BETWE5 ,COMPANYS & ! LIB]T>IANS1 BUT ALSO ACCEPT$ BY ! 0,M>XI/S0 7! ,P,\,M & ! ,/AL9I/S71 WAS AN ORGANIZATION ( CLASS COLLABORATION1 BY MEANS ( :I* ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT REGA9$ CONTROL OV] ?OSE FUNCTIONS IT HAD LO/ BECAUSE ! AN>*I/S HAD CONQU]$ !M 9 ! /REETS3 BASICALLY ! POLICE1 PUBLIC ORD] & ! MILIT>Y4 ,! ,C,C,M,A WAS NEV]1 & NEV] CLAIM$ TO BE1 AN ORGAN ( WORK]S P[]1 & !RE=E !RE WAS NEV] A SITUATION ( DUAL P[] ?AT PITT$ ! ,C,C,M,A AGA9/ ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT1 AMONG ! AN>*I/S1 !RE W]E DIV]SE CONCEPTIONS CONC]N+ ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION ?AT HAD >IS5 9 ,CATALUNA AFT] ! EV5TS ( ,JULY #a#i-#b1 #a#i#c#f3 ! FIR/ CONCEPTION1 & ! ONE ?AT WAS BY F> ! DOM9ANT ONE1 WAS ! ONE PROP\ND$ BY ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN & ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 :I* CALL$ = ABSOLUTE & S9C]E COLLABORATION ) ! O!R POLITICAL =CES 79CLUD+ ! B\RGEOIS ONES7 9 AN ANTIFASCI/ UNITY ?AT !Y BELIEV$ WAS 9DISP5SABLE 9 ORD] TO W9 ! W>1 & IMPLI$ 0LOYAL0 COLLABORATION ) ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT AS ! LESS] EVIL SO AS TO PROSECUTE ! 0REVOLUTION0 & ! W> AT ! SAME TIME4 ,! SECOND CONCEPTION1 ADVOCAT$ BY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 !ORETICALLY CONSI/$ 9 0GO+ = BROKE01 ?AT IS1 IT 5TAIL$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( AN 0AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP01 9 :I* A VANGU>D ( 5LI<T5$ LEAD]S REPLACES ! PROLET>IAT1 TAK+ P[] 9 ITS NAME1 BUT 9 PRACTICE MEANT GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION1 9 ! NAIVE BELIEF ?AT ! 0BLACK & R$0 COLOR ( ! ,M9I/]S C\LD *ANGE ! NATURE ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 :I* !Y P>TICIPAT$4 ,! ?IRD CONCEPTION1 PRAGMATICALLY PROPOS$ BY ,MANUEL ,ESCORZA1 CONSI/$ 9 US+ ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT TO LEGALIZE ! 0REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S01 CONTROLL+ ! ,M9I/RIES ( ,DEF5SE & ,PUBLIC ,ORD]1 & RELY+ ON ! 9DISPUTABLE DOM9ANCE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! /REETS 9 ORD] TO ATTEMPT TO 0CRY/ALLIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION01 9 ! EXPECTATION ?AT !SE MEASURES W\LD LEAD TO MORE FAVORABLE CONDITIONS = ! DEF9ITIVE REVOLUTION>Y VICTORY1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME CONSOLIDAT+ ! REAL P[] ( A LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION P>ALLEL TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 AUTONOM\S & 9DEP5D5T1 BAS$ ON ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,9VE/IGATION & ! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES1 AN ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD BE CAPABLE ( COORD9AT+ & C5TRALIZ+ ALL ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ POSITIONS 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 & :I* LAT] MADE POSSIBLE ! WORK]S 9SURRECTION ( ,MAY #aicg AGA9/ ! PROVOCATIONS ( ,COMPANYS & ! ,/AL9I/S4 ,ALL ( !SE POSITIONS RAPIDLY EVOLV$ T[>DS ! SAME TACTIC ( 9TEGRATION ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T 9 ! PROGRAM ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY ) ! ,P,\,M1 ! ,/AL9I/S & ! B\RGEOISIE1 ) ! EXCLUSIVE GOAL ( W9N+ ! W> AGA9/ ! FASCI/S4 ,?IS 9 TURN CAUS$ A DI/9CTION TO EM]GE AMONG ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ BETWE5 ! 0R$SK9S0 & ! 0WOODPECK]S0 OR COLLABORATIONI/S1 :I* WAS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T FROM ! PREVI\S DIVISIONS BETWE5 ,F,A,I/AS & ,TR5TI/AS4 ,! CRITIQUE DIRECT$ BY ! 0R$SK9S0 AT ! COLLABORATIONI/S1 :I* WAS AT FIR/ PURELY V]BAL & MORALI/IC1 EVOLV$ T[>DS A PESSIMISM ?AT L$ ! MAJORITY TO PASSIVITY OR A FLI<T =W>D1 :I* CAUS$ !M TO SEE NO O!R SOLUTION BESIDES AB&ON+ ALL MILITANCY OR 5LI/+ 9 ! MILIT>Y =CES TO W9 ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 EV5 IF ?IS >MY WAS1 AFT] ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#g1 ! ,POPUL> ,>MY1 ?AT IS1 ! B\RGEOIS >MY ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ONCE ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,MILITIAS HAD BE5 IMPLEM5T$4 ,! MO/ COH]5T OPPOSITION TO COLLABORATIONISM ?AT EM]G$ AMONG ! LIB]T>IANS WAS ! OPPOSITION ?AT TOOK %APE 9 ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P1 :I* AFT] ,JANU>Y #ai* WAS PRACTICALLY DEFUNCT1 BECAUSE IT HAD SUCCUMB$ TO ! COMB9$ ATTACKS ( ,/AL9I/ REPRESSION & ! OPPOSITION ( ! 0GOV]NM5T0 C5ETI/AS4 

,!RE WAS NO P>TY1 TRADE UNION OR VANGU>D GR\P ?AT CALL$ = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE & ! REVOLUTION>Y PA? ( /R5G!N+1 COORD9AT+ & C5TRALIZ+ ! ORGANS ( P[] ?AT HAD >IS5 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f3 ! WORK]S COMMITTEES4 ,AFT] ,JULY #b ! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT EX]CIS$ A K9D ( DICTATOR%IP 0FROM BEL[0 9 ! /REETS & ! FACTORIES1 UNRELAT$ & 9DIFF]5T TO 0ITS0 POLITICAL & TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS :I* NOT ONLY RESPECT$ ! /ATE APP>ATUS ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9/EAD ( DE/ROY+ IT BUT ACTUALLY RE9=C$ IT4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY CAPABLE ( =MULAT+ ! BATTLE = ! PROGRAM ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1.<#d#d.> ! W> AGA9/ ! FASCI/ 5EMY IMPOS$ ! IDEOLOGY ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY & W> ON BEHALF ( ! PROGRAM ( ! DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOISIE4 ,! W> WAS NOT CONCEIV$ AS A CLASS W>1 BUT AS AN ANTIFASCI/ W> BETWE5 ! /ATE ( ! FASCI/ B\RGEOISIE & ! /ATE ( ! DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOISIE4 ,& ?IS *OICE BETWE5 TWO B\RGEOIS OPTIONS 7DEMOCRATIC & FASCI/7 ,A,L,R,E,A,D,Y PRESUPPOSES ! DEFEAT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ALT]NATIVE4 ,= ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S MOVEM5T ANTIFASCISM WAS ! WOR/ CONSEQU5CE ( FASCISM4 ,! IDEOLOGY ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY WAS ! WOR/ 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION1 & ! BE/ ALLY ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! NECESSITIES ( ?IS W>1 BETWE5 TWO B\RGEOIS OPTIONS1 /IFL$ ANY REVOLUTION>Y ALT]NATIVE & SUPPRESS$ ! ME?ODS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE ?AT MADE POSSIBLE ! VICTORY ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9SURRECTION ( ,JULY #a#i4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO R5\NCE ! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S 9 FAVOR ( W9N+ ! W> AGA9/ ! FASCI/S3 0WE R5\NCE EV]Y?+ EXCEPT VICTORY40.<#d#e.> 

,! ALT]NATIVES ?AT W]E ?US POS$ W]E FALSE3 IT WAS NOT AB\T W9N+ ! W> FIR/ & !N C>RY+ \T ! REVOLUTION 7! ,/AL9I/ PROPOSAL71 OR EV5 ( FI<T+ ! W> & C>RY+ \T ! REVOLUTION AT ! SAME TIME 7! ,P,\,M & LIB]T>IAN !SIS71 BUT ( AB&ON+ ! ME?ODS & ! GOALS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! ,POPUL> ,MILITIAS ( ,JULY #b#a-#b#e W]E AU!NTIC PROLET>IAN ,MILITIAS2 ! ,MILITIAS ( ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#f1 MILIT>IZ$ OR NOT1 W]E ALREADY AN >MY ( WORK]S 9 A W> DIRECT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE 7:E!R FASCI/ OR REPUBLICAN7 9 ! S]VICE ( ! B\RGEOISIE 7:E!R DEMOCRATIC OR FASCI/74 

,! 0SOCIAL REVOLUTION0 & ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! FACTORIES 9ITIAT$ BY ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ RANK & FILE W]E 9 CONFLICT ) ! ,POPUL> ,FRONTISM ( ! AN>*I/ & ,P,\,MI/ LEAD]S4 ,!RE >E EV5 PEOPLE :O SPEAK ( A SOCIAL 0REVOLUTION0 )\T ! SEIZURE ( /ATE P[]1 & EV5 ( A DIVORCE BETWE5 ! SOCIOECONOMIC & POLITICAL ASPECTS ( ! REVOLUTION4.<#d#f.> ,9 ANY EV5T1 ! ,POPUL> ,FRONTISM ( ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S1 & ! IDEOLOGY ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY1 PREVAIL$ OV] ANY REVOLUTION>Y CONSID]ATION ( DE/ROY+ ! /ATE1 :I* WAS ALWAYS REJECT$ AS UTOPIAN & UNREALI/IC1 & :I* NEV] W5T FUR!R ?AN FANTASY DECL>ATIONS ( GOOD 9T5TIONS ON ! P>T ( ! MO/ V]BALLY RADICAL ELEM5TS1 LIKE ,G>CIA ,OLIV]4 

,! ,C,C,M,A WAS NEV] AN ORGAN ( WORK]S P[]4 ,A SITUATION ( ,D,U,A,L ,P,[,] NEV] EXI/$4 ,9 ANY CASE !RE WAS A ,D,U,P,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,P,[,],S BETWE5 ! ,C,C,M,A & C]TA9 ,M9I/RIES ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 & ABOVE ALL A COMPLEM5T>Y LABOR ON ! P>T ( BO? AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES4 

,! VACUUM ( /ATE OR C5TRALIZ$ P[] L$ TO AN 9ITIAL FRAGM5TATION & ATOMIZATION ( P[] ?AT WAS RESOLV$ 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aicf ) ! 5TRY ( ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 9TO ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT 7& LAT] 9 ?AT ( ! ,REPUBLIC74 ,NEI!R ! AN>*I/S1 NOR ! ,C,C,M,A1 9 :I* !Y W]E DOM9ANT1 NOR ! ,P,\,M1 EV] ATTEMPT$ TO REMOVE ! REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE FROM P[]1 OR DE/ROY ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 :I* ALWAYS REMA9$ 9 ! H&S ( ,COMPANYS4 ,! DEF9ITIVE >M$ DEFEAT ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 WAS ! ONLY POSSIBLE \TCOME ( ! DECISION MADE BY ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,JULY #aicg TO R5\NCE ! ABSOLUTE & TOTAL SEIZURE ( A P[] ?AT ! PROLET>IAT ALREADY EX]CIS$ 9 ! /REETS & ! FACTORIES4 ,MAY #aicg HAD ALREADY BEGUN 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/