,BAKUN9 VS4 ,M>X #aigi ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F ,TEXT 3 ,AS PO9T$ \T 9 MY 9TRODUCTION TO ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y 7,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#g#b71 ! CLA% ( P]SONALITIES BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5T 9 !IR RUNN+ CONTROV]SY DUR+ ! CONGRESSES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! DEBATES TRANSC5D PETTY P]SONAL SQUABBLES' & EMBODY TWO DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ T5D5CIES 9 ! !ORY & TACTICS ( SOCIALISM1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN & LIB]T>IAN S*OOLS RESPECTIVELY1 ! TWO MA9 L9ES ( ?\ACT] ( ! MOD]N LABOR & SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,ULLI ,DIEM]'S >TICLES ,AN>*ISM VS4 ,M>XISM & ,BAKUN9 VS4 ,M>X 7,R$ ,M5ACE1 ,SPR+ #a#i#g#h7 REALLY DO NOT DEAL ) ! MA9 ISSUES 9VOLV$ 9 ! DEBATES4 ,A DISCUSSION ( !SE ISSUES IS BEYOND1 ! SCOPE ( ?IS PAP]4 ,I LIMIT MYSELF TO CORRECT+ ! MORE GL>+ FACTUAL ]RORS & DI/ORTIONS4 ,I ALSO EXPRESS MY DEEP APPRECIATION TO ! COMRADES ( ,R$ ,M5ACE = GRANT+ ME4SPACE4 7,UNLESS O!RRWISE SPECIFI$1 ALL QUOTES >E ,DIEM]'S47 ,! V]Y FACT ?AT !RE IS /ILL1 OV] A C5TURY LAT]1 A DEBATE BETWE5 ,M>XISM & ,AN>*ISM ON FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES PROVES ?AT ,M>X WAS NOT1 & C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE BE5 ! 0C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( LIB]T>IANISM4 ,NEI!R ,M>X OR ,5GELS EV] CLAIM$ ?AT !Y W]E 0C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIALISM04 ,ACCORD+ TO ,5GELS1 ! 0C5TRAL FIGURES01 ! F\ND]S ( SOCIALISM1 W]E ! 0UTOPIANS0 ,SA9T ,SIMON1 ,F\RI]1 & ,ROB]T ,[51 :O =MULAT$ ! LEAD+ PR9CIPLES ( SOCIALISM1 AS ,M>X HIMSELF ACKN[L$G$ 9 A LETT] TO HIS FRI5D ,W$EMEY]4 7,SEE ,5GELS1 ,SOCIALISM3 ,UTOPIAN & ,SCI5TIFIC4 ,M>X EV5 PRAIS$ ,PR\DHON'S ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY AS ! FIR/ 0TRULY SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM10 ANTICIPAT+ ,M>X'S LAT] F9D+S4 7,SEE ,J4 ,HAMPTON ,JACKSON'S ,M>X1 ,PR\DHON1 & ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALISM47 ,M>X1 :O M9IMIZ$ ! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 HI/ORY1 W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE REJECT$ ! NOTION ?AT 0444IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO CREATE444A LIB]T>IAN WORLD4440 )\T HIM4 ,:E!R ,M>X OR ,5GELS DID OR DID NOT USE ! T]M 0DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM0 DOES NOT 9VALIDATE ! FACT ?AT !Y ,W,],E DIALECTICAL MAT]IALI/S & ?AT !RE IS A FUNDAM5TAL 9DISSOLUBLE CONNECTION BETWE5 DIALECTICS & ,M>XISM4 ,= ,M>X & ,5GELS ! DIALECTIC ME?OD WAS NOT ONLY A !ORY BUT A ,L,A,W ,( ,N,A,T,U,R,E4 ,ANYONE :O QUE/IONS ?IS CONNECTION IS NOT A ,M>XI/4 ,5GELS EMPHASIZES ?IS 9 HIS PREFACE TO ! SECOND $ITION ( ,ANTI-,DUHR+ -- A WORK WRITT5 ) ! FULL APPROVAL ( ,M>X3 0 44,M>X & ,I W]E PRETTY WELL ! ONLY PEOPLE TO RESCUE CONSCI\S DIALECTICS FROM ,G]MAN IDEALI/ PHILOSOPHY & ,A,P,P,L,Y ,I,T ,T,O ,! ,M,A,T,],I,A,L,I,/ ,C,O,N,C,E,P,T,I,O,N ,( ,N,A,T,U,R,E ,& ,H,I,/,O,R,Y 4440 7EMPHASIS M9E7 ,5GELS DEVOTES ?REE :OLE *APT]S TO DIALECTICS1 EV5 TRY+ TO DEMON/RATE ! VALIDITY ( ! DIALECTIC ME?OD TO *EMI/RY & MA!MATICS4 ,ONLY ONE :O IS ALMO/ TOTALLY IGNORANT ( AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE C\LD ASS]T ?AT 0) V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS1 AN>*ISM FAIL$ TO PRODUCE A RIGOR\S ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 BUREAUCRACY1 OR AU?ORIT>IANISM4440 ,A BIBLIOGRAPHY ( SU* WORKS C\LD EASILY FILL SEV]AL VOLUMES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,MAX ,NETTLAU'S BIBLIOGRAPHY ( AN>*ISM COMPIL$ OV] HALF A C5TURY AGO HAS BE5 IMMEASURABLY 5RI*$ BY LAT] WORKS4 ,:ILE !RE IS SUFFICI5T ,M>XI/ LIT]ATURE ON CAPITALISM1 !RE IS ALMO/ NO?+ ON SU* CRUCIAL QUE/IONS AS ! /ATE1 BUREAUCRACY1 F$]ALISM1 SELF-MANAGEM5T & O!R =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* EV5 MOD]N ,M>XI/S DEPLORE4 ,!Y >E TRY+ TO DRA/ICALLY REVISE ,M>X'S NAIVE & ]RONE\S VIEWS ON !SE VITAL ISSUES4 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT 0DELIB]ATELY FABRICATE0 ! ACCUSATION ?AT ,M>X BELIEV$ 9 ! 0,PEOPLE'S ,/ATE04 ,BAKUN9 CRITICIZ$ ,M>X = ?IS 9 #ahg & #a#h#g#b4 ,HE C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ TO =CEE ?AT ,M>X W\LD CONDEMN ! 0,PEOPLE'S ,/ATE0 ,?,R,E,E ,Y,E,>,S ,L,A,T,] 9 #ahge 9 HIS ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM4 ,! ,CRITIQUE WAS PUBLI%$ ,A,F,T,] ,BAKUN9'S DEA? AB\T A YE> LAT]4 ,BUT ?IS ]ROR DOES NOT 9VALIDATE ,BAKUN9'S PROPHETIC 9DICTM5T ( ! 0,WORK]S' ,/ATE0 :I* ,M>X & ,CO4 ,D,I,D *AMPION4 ,! ASS]TION ?AT ! ,M>X & ,5GELS 0444POSITION IS SPELL$ \T MO/ EXT5SIVELY 9 ,M>X'S ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE IS 9 FLAGRANT CONTRADICTION TO EV]Y?+ ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE BE=E & AFT] ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,TO E/ABLI% ?IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT PO9T1 ,I QUOT$ ,FRANZ ,MEHR+1 ,M>X'S DISCIPLE & AU?ORIZ$ BIOGRAPH] 9 MY ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y4 ,I /RONGLY SUSPECT ?AT ,DIEM] IGNOR$ ?IS QUOTE BECAUSE IT DECISIVELY REFUTES HIS >GUM5T4 ,H]E IT IS3 044,! OP9IONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O C\LD NOT BE RECONCIL$ ) ! PRAISE LAVI%$ BY ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE = ! VIGOR\S FA%ION 9 :I* BEGAN TO EXT]M9ATE ! P>ASITIC ,/ATE 444,BO? ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E WELL AW>E ( ! CONTRADICTION1 & 9 A PREFACE TO A NEW $ITION ( ,!,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O ISSU$ 9 ,JUNE #ahgb !Y REVIS$ !IR OP9IONS444 AFT] ! DEA? ( ,M>X1 ,5GELS 9 FI*I/S ONCE AGA9 TOOK HIS /& ON ! ORIG9AL BASIS ( ! ,MANIFE/O444 IF AN 9SURRECTION WAS ABLE TO ABOLI% ! :OLE OPPRESSIVE MA*9]Y ( ! ,/ATE BY A FEW SIMPLE DECREES1 WAS ?AT NOT A CONFIRMATION ( ,BAKUN9'S /EADFA/LY MA9TA9$ /&PO9T8 7,K>L ,M>X1 PP4 #d#e#b-#c74440 ,DIEM]'S ASS]TION ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS 0CONSI/5TLY MA9TA9 ?AT ! /ATE IS ,9,C,O,M,P,A,T,I,B,L,E ) SOCIALISM4440 7MY EMPHASIS7 IS NOT CORRECT4 ,= !M1 ! 0WORK]S /ATE01 ! ,T,R,A,N,S,I,T,I,O,N T[>D FULL REALIZATION ( COMMUNISM1 ,I,S ,C,O,M,P,A,T,I,B,L,E ) SOCIALISM4 ,DIEM] HIMSELF /ATES CORRECTLY ?AT4 ,M>X & ,5GELS BELIEV$ ! PROLET>IAT MU/ 0USE ! /ATE0 TO A*IEVE ! LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 0,! /ATE EMPLOYS MEANS :I* WILL BE DISC>D$ AFT] ! LIB]ATION40 ,AS IF MEANS CAN BE SEP>AT$ FROM 5DS3 ,DIEM] DOES NOT WRITE ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS PROCLAIM$ ! NECESSITY = ! 0WORK]S' /ATE0 NOT ONLY TO CRU% ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT ALSO TO 9/ITUTE SOCIALISM3 0444! PROLET>IAT WILL USE ITS POLITICAL SUPREMACY TO WRE/1 BY DEGREES1 ALL CAPITAL FROM ! B\RGEOISIE1 TO ,C,5,T,R,A,L,I,Z,E ,A,L,L ,9,/,R,U,M,5,T,S ,( ,P,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,O,N ,9 ,! ,H,&,S ,( ,! ,/,A,T,E444 C5TRALIZATION ( CR$IT444 BY ! ,/ATE4 ,C5TRALIZATION ( COMMUNICATION 444 & TRANSPORT BY ! ,/ATE4 ,E/ABLI%M5T ( 9DU/RIAL >MIES BY ! ,/ATE4440 7,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O7 7EMPHASIS M9E7 ,!RE IS !RE=E NO F\NDATION = ! ASS]TION ?AT = ,M>X & ,5GELS1 SOCIALISM IS NOT COMPATIBLE ) ! /ATE1 & /ILL LESS ?AT !Y W]E 09 9TRANSIG5T OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE4440 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT !Y PROCLAIM$ ! SAME VIEWS ?IRTY YE>S LAT] 9 #a#h#g#h4 0444 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E444 TRANS=M$ 9TO /ATE PROP]TY444 7,ANTI-,DUHR9Q1 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #b - ,!ORETICAL74 ,SOLIDLY BAS+ HIMSELF ON !IR WRIT+S1 ,BAKUN91 9 ?IS PROPHETIC QUOTE1 DEF9$ ! AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ,M>XIAN 0SOCIALISM03 0444LABOR EMPLOY$ BY ! /ATE SU* IS ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM1 ( /ATE SOCIALISM 444 AFT] A P]IOD ( TRANSITION 444 ! /ATE WILL !N BECOME ! ONLY BANK]1 CAPITALI/1 ORGANIZ]1 & DI/RIBUTOR ( ALL ITS PRODUCTS4 ,SU* IS ! IDEAL1 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( MOD]N COMMUNISM444 0 7QUOT$ 9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,P4 #b#a#g7 ,S9CE ,DIEM] GRUDG+LY CONC$ES ?AT 0444USE ( ! /ATE 9 ! TRANSITION P]IOD IS DANG]\S & ! CONC]N ( ,BAKUN9 AB\T ! POSSIBLE DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION IS VALID4440FUR!R COMM5T IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,ON PAGE ELEV51 ,DIEM] TAKES EXCEPTION TO ,BAKUN9'S REM>K ?AT ,M>X 0AS A ,G]MAN & A ,JEW1 IS FROM HEAD TO TOE AN AU?ORIT>IAN40 ,ON ! NEXT PAGE HE FLATLY CONTRADICTS HIMSELF4 0,BO? ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X DISPLAY$ CONSID]ABLE >ROGANCE & ,A,U,?,O,R,I,T,>,I,A,N,I,S,M0 7MY EMPHASIS7 ,) RESPECT TO ,M>X !RE IS AMPLE EVID5CE TO SUB/ANTIATE ?IS ACCUSATION4 ,I *ALL5GE ,DIEM] TO ,P,R,O,V,E ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS EI!R >ROGANT OR AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,! GREATE/ HI/ORIAN ( AN>*ISM1 ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ! =EMO/ LIV+ AU?ORITY ON ,BAKUN9 & HIS TIMES1 ,>?UR ,LEHN+1 & ,BAKUN9'S CONTEMPOR>Y1 ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO -- ALL ( !M AT ONE TIME OR ANO!R1 DEPLOR$ ,BAKUN9'S ANTI-SEMITIC /REAK & HIS ANTI-,G]MAN PREJUDICE4 ,BUT ,DIEM]1 9T5T ON :ITE-WA%+ HIS H]O1 ,M>X1 & DISCR$IT+ ,BAKUN91 DELIB]ATELY HIDES ! FACT ?AT ,M>X WAS ALSO ANTI-SEMITIC & PREJUDIC$ AGA9/ ,SLAVIC PEOPLES4 7ON ANTI-SEMITISM SEE ,M>X'S ,ON ,! ,JEWI% ,QUE/ION74 ,MAX ,NOMAD 7,POLITICAL ,H]ETICS1 PP4 #h#e-#h#f7 TELLS H[ ,M>X 9SULT$ ,LASALLE3 444CALL+ HIM ! 0,JEWI% ,NIGG]' & ,B>AN ,ITZIK04 ,M>X WROTE AB\T ! ,CROATS1 ,CZE*S1 ,P&URS & 0SIMIL> SCUM0 & DEM&$ ! COMPLETE 0ANNIHILATION0 ( ?OSE 0REACTION>Y RACES04 ,M>X EV5 JU/IFI$ ! SUBJECTION ( EIIANS ON ! GR\ND ?AT ! ,HUNG>IANS HAD MORE 0VITALITY & 5]GY04440 ,ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM CON/ITUTES ! ESS5CE ( ,M>XISM4 ,IT IS CLE>LY DEF9$ 9 ?IS CELEBRAT$ PASSAGE FROM ,M>X'S ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY3 0 444 ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY ALWAYS =MS ! REAL BASIS FROM :I* 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IS TO BE EXPLA9$1 ! :OLE SUP]/RUCTURE ( LEGAL POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 7! /ATE7 AS WELL AS ! RELIGI\S1 PHILOSOPHICAL1 & O!R CONCEPTIONS ( EA* HI/ORICAL P]IOD4440 7,9 ANO!R PLACE1 ,MAX ,EA/MAN'S 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,M>X AN?OLOGY ,CAPITAL1 HE QUOTES ,5GELS70444) ! SAME C]TA9TY ) :I*1 FROM A GIV5 MA!MATICAL PROPOSITION1 A NEW ONE IS D$UC$1 ) ?AT SAME C]TA9TY1 CAN WE D$UCE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION FROM ! EXI/+ SOCIAL CONDITIONS & ! PR9CIPLES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4440 ,NOT)/&+ HIS ANTI-SLAV]Y S5TIM5TS1 ,M>X 9 HIS POLEMIC AGA9/ ,PR\DHON1 TRI$ TO JU/IFY SLAV]Y 9 ,AM]ICA ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT WAS AN ECONOMIC NECESSITY1 >GU+ 9 L9E ) HIS !ORY ( ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM1 ?AT SLAV]Y WAS PROGRESSIVE PLASE 9 ! EVOLUTION ( SOCIETY3 0444SLAV]Y IS AN ECONOMIC CATEGORY LIKE ANY O!R4 ,SLAV]Y IS JU/ AS MU* AN ECONOMIC PIVOT ( B\RGEOIS 9DU/RY AS MA*9]Y OR CR$IT444 )\T SLAV]Y1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ! MO/ PROGRESSIVE ( C\NTRIES1 W\LD BE TURN$ 9TO A PRIMITIVE C\NTRY4 ,ABOLI% SLAV]Y & Y\ WILL WIPE ,AM]ICA (F ! MAP ( NATIONS4440 7QUOT$ FROM ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY 9 ,H&BOOK ( ,M>XISM2 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#c#e1 P4#c#e#g7 ,M>X'S ATTITUDE IS JU/IFI$ BY ! $ITORS (4! ,H&BOOK444 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT :ILE SLAV]Y WAS AN ECONOMIC NECESSITY 9 #a#h#d#g1 :5 ! ,NOR? WAS 9DU/RIALLY BACKW>D1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RY 9 ! #a#h#f'S MADE SLAV]Y ECONOMICALLY UNNECESS>Y4 ,! QUE/ION1 ,H[ PROGRESSIVE IS A C\NTRY :OSE V]Y EXI/5CE DEP5DS ON SLAV]Y8 NEV] OCCURR$ TO ,M>X4 ,9 HIS POLEMIC ) ,DUHR+1 ?IRTY ONE YE>S LAT] 9 #a#h#g#h1 ,5GELS REPEAT$ ?AT 0! 9TRODUCTION ( SLAV]Y 9 ,GREECE01 WAS BO? AN ECONOMIC NECESSITY & 0A GREAT /EP =W>D40 ,H[ ,DIEM]1 9 ! FACE ( OV]:ELM+ CONTR>Y EVID5CE1 CAN 9SI/ ?AT 0,M>X WAS NOT AN ECONOMIC DET]M9I/01 SUPPORT+ HIS >GUM5T ) TWO LONG QUOTATIONS FROM ,5GELS1 :I* 9 NO MANN] :ATSOEV]1 9VALIDATE !IR !ORY ( ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM1 IS DIFFICULT TO UND]/&4 7SEE ,ANTI-,DUHR+ P4#b#b7 ,TO BACK UP HIS *>GE ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#g#b1 BECAUSE ,BAKUN9'S SECRET ,ALLIANCE CONSPIR$ TO 0TAKE OV] ! ,9T]NATIONAL01 ,DIEM] CITES ,GEORGE WOODCOCK'S ,AN>*ISM PAGE #a#f#h4 7,!RE IS NO REF]5CE TO ?IS ON PAGE #afh OR ANY:]E ELSE74 ,HE ALSO CITES ,EILLE5 ,KELLY1 AN IGNORANT1 SC&AL MONG] :OSE REVIEW >TICLE 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW ( ,BOOKS IS ON P> ) ,DIEM]'S IRRESPONSIBLE ALLEGATIONS4 ,DIEM]'S ASS]TION ?AT 0MO/ HI/ORIANS0 ?9K ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS GUILTY IS FALSE4 ,ALL RESPONSIBLE HI/ORIANS 9SI/ ?AT ,BAKUN9 & HIS CLOSE COMRADE ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME W]E EXPELL$ 9 A RIGG$ CONGRESS PACK$ BY H& PICK$ 0DELEGATES0 :O 0REPRES5T$0 NON-EXI/5T SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,M>X'S FRI5D ,SORGE1 RESID+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 S5T ,M>X A DOZ5 BLANK CR$5TIALS FROM NON-EXI/5T GR\PS :I* ,M>X DI/RIBUT$ TO HIS /OOGES4 ,S]AILLI]1 ,SECRET>Y = ,FRANCE1 9 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 ALSO CAME TO ! ,CONGRESS ) A H&FUL ( CR$5TIALS :I* C\LD NOT BE V]IFI$4 ,( ! FIVE MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMISSION ( ,9QUIRY *OS5 TO 9VE/IGATE ! *>GES AGA9/ ,BAKUN9 & O!R LIB]T>IAN MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & REPORT !IR F9D+S TO ! ,CONGRESS1 ONE1 ,WALT] 7:OSE REAL NAME WAS ,VON ,H$DETI/ POLICE SPY4 ,! ,COMMISSION REPORT$ ?AT 0444 ! SECRET ,ALLIANCE DID AT ONE TIME EXI/1 BUT !RE IS ,9,S,U,F,F,I,C,I,5,T ,P,R,O,( ,( ,I,T,S ,C,O,N,T,9,U,$ ,E,X,I,/,5,C,E4440 7MY EMPHASIS7 ,NOR C\LD ! ,COMMISSION PROVE ?AT ! ,ALLIANCE E/ABLI%$ RULES OPPOS$ TO ! RULES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL :5 IT DID EXI/4 ,RO* ,SPL+>D1 A MEMB] ( ! ,COMMISSION SUBMITT$ A M9ORITY REPORT CONT5D+ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS BE+ 9DICT$ ON 9SUFFICI5T EVID5CE4 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT 0444,I AM RESOLV$ TO FIXI/ CLIQUE /AG$ A SUCCESSFUL C\P TO KILL ! ,9T]NATIONAL BY MOV+ ITS HEADQU>T]S TO ,NEW ,YORK4 ,NE>LY ALL ! DELEGATES1 9CLUD+ ,M>X'S /RONGE/ SUPPORT]S1 REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! DECISIONS ( ! ,M>X-,5GELS CLIQUES4 ,!Y JO9$ ! ,BAKUN9I/ SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 NOT BECAUSE !Y AGRE$ ) !IR ANTI-/ATI/1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y POLITICAL ACTION POLICIES1 BUT BECAUSE !Y DEM&$ ! COMPLETE AUTONOMY ( ! SECTIONS IRRESPECTIVE ( DIFF]5T POLITICAL OR SOCIAL IDEAS4 ,!Y REVOLT$ BECAUSE ! PHONY ,CONGRESS 5ACT$ A RESOLUTION GIV+ ! ,M>XI/ DOM9AT$ ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL P[] TO EXPEL SECTIONS & EV5 :OLE F$]ATIONS FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,M>X'S AU?ORIZ$ BIOGRAPH]1 ,FRANZ ,MEHR+ NOT$ ?AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 0444:I* ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,NEW ,YORK CALL$ = 9 ,G5EVA1 DREW UP 444 ! DEA? C]TIFICATE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4440 :ILE ! ,BAKUN9I/ C\NT]-,CONGRESS :I* ALSO TOOK PLACE 9 ,G5EVA WAS ATT5D$ BY DELEGATES FROM ALL SECTIONS & F$]ATIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL - ! ,M>XI/ CONGRESS CONSI/$ 0MO/LY ( ,SWISS :O LIV$ 9 ,G5EVA444 NOT EV5 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 WAS ABLE TO S5D A DELEGATE4440 7,K>L ,M>X1 PP4#d#i#e-#d#i#f74 ,BAKUN9 DID ,N,O,T TRY TO DOM9ATE ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 HIS ,LETT] TO ,LA ,LIB]TE 7,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y P4#b#g#h7 ,BAKUN9 DECL>$ 0 44S9CE RECONCILIATION 9 ! FIELD ( POLITICS IS IMPOSSIBLE1 WE %\LD PRACTICE MUTUAL TOL]ATION1 GRANT+ TO EA* C\NTRY ! 9CONTE/ABLE RITICUL> SITUATION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 BY REJECT+ ALL POLITICAL PROGRAMS FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 WE %\LD SEEK TO /R5G!N ! UNITY ( ?IS GREAT ASSOCIATION SOLELY 9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMIC SOLID>ITY4 ,SU* SOLID>ITY UNITES US :ILE POLITICAL QUE/IONS 9EVITABLY SEP>ATES US4440 ,!RE IS NO REF]5CE TO A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y /ATE 9 ANY ( ,BAKUAM9'S AN>*I/ WRIT+S 7!RE IS NONE ON PAGE #aec ( MY ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y GIV5 BY ,DIEM]4 ,!RE IS NOT ONE %R$ ( EVID5CE TO BACK UP ! *>GE ?AT ,BAKUN9 EV] WROTE ?AT 0 444,M>X WAS P>T ( AN ,9T]NATIONAL CONSPIRACY ) ,BISM>K & ,RO?*ILD4440 ,! MOTION TO 9VE/ ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ) MORE P[] WAS ,N,O,T MADE BY ,BAKUN9 BUT BY ,M>XI/ DELEGATES4 ,BAKUN9 VOT$ = ! MOTION BECAUSE IT WAS PRESUMABLY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! RESOLUTION ( ! B\RGEOIS DELEGATE4 ,9 AN >TICLE TITL$ ,MIA ,CULPA 7,I AM GUILTY7 ,BAKUN9 ADMITT$ ?AT HE HAD MADE A S]I\S MI/AKE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,BAKUN91 9 AN>*I/ OP9ION MI/AK5LY1 ADVIS$ ,ITALIAN MEMB]S ( ! ,ALLIANCE TO BECAME DEPUTIES 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 AS A TEMPOR>Y MEASURE DICTAT$ BY EXTRAORD9>Y CONDITIONS4 ,BAKUN9 ACKN[L$G$ ?AT IT CON/ITUT$ A VIOLATION ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT TO /RESS ?IS CONTRADICTION AS ! ESS5CE ( ,BAKUN9'S DOCTR9E IS A GROSS DI/ORTION4 ,! QUE/ION ( :E!R ,BAKUN9 WAS A COLLECTIVI/ :O ADVOCAT$ ?AT WORK]S BE PAID ACCORD+ TO ! AM\NT !Y PRODUC$ & NOT ACCORD+ TO NE$ IS DISCUSS$ BY HIS CLOSE ASSOCIATE ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME4 7,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y 1 P4#a#e#g-#a#e#h7 ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT 9 ?IS S5SE A COLLECTIVI/4 ,NOR WAS ,M>X A /RICT 0COMMUNI/0 = :OM PAYM5T ACCORD+ TO NE$ W\LD PREVAIL 9 ! F9AL /AGE ( COMMUNISM1 & PAYM5T ACCORD+ TO WORK W\LD PREVAIL DUR+ ! SOCIALI/ TRANSITION P]IOD4 ,9 CONNECTION ) SECRET SOCIETIES ,BAKUN9'S WELL KN[N PR$ILECTION = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( TI*ICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 = :I* HE WORK$ \T ELABORATE RULES 9 ! /YLE ( ! ,FREEMASONS & ! ,ITALIAN ,C>BON>I1 CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ P>TLY TO HIS ROMANTIC TEMP]M5T & P>TLY TO ! FACT ?AT ALL REVOLUTION>Y & PROGRESSIVE GR\PS W]E =C$ TO OP]ATE SECRETLY4 ,BAKUN9'S SECRET ORGANIZATIONS W]E ACTUALLY 9=MAL FRAT]NITIES & GR\PS CONNECT$ BY P]SONAL CONTACT & CORRESPOND5CE1 AS PREF]R$ BY HIS CLOSE/ ASSOCIATES :O CONSID]$ ?AT HIS S*EMES = ELABORATE SECRET SOCIETIES W]E 9COMPATIBLE ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,= AN>*I/S 9T5T UPON GUID+ ! REVOLUTION 9 A LIB]T>IAN DIRECTION BY LIB]T>IAN MEANS1 ! QUE/ION ( H[ TO /OP AU?ORIT>IANS FROM SEIZ+ P[] )\T 9/ITUT+ A DICTATOR%IP ( !IR [N BECOMES 9CREAS+LY COMPLICAT$4 ,BAKUN9 UND]/OOD ?AT ! PEOPLE T5D TO BE GULLIBLE & OBLIVI\S TO ! E>LY H>B+]S ( DICTATOR%IP UNTIL ! REVOLUTION>Y /ORM SUBSIDES & !Y AWAKE TO F9D !MSELVES 9 %ACKES4 ,HE !RE=E SET AB\T =M+ A NETWORK ( SECRET CADRES :OSE MEMB]S W\LD PREP>E ! MASSES = REVOLUTION BY HELP+ !M TO ID5TIFY !IR 5EMIES1 FO/]+ CONFID5CE 9 !IR [N CREATIVE CAPACITIES1 & FIRICADES4 ,!SE MILITANTS W\LD SEEK NO P[] = !MSELVES BUT 9SI/ 9CREAS+LY ?AT ALL P[] MU/ D]IVE & FL[ BACK TO ! GRASS-ROOTS ORGANIZATIONS SPONTANE\SLY CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,BECAUSE ,BAKUN9 TRI$ TO ORGANIZE ?IS SECRET ORGANIZATION HE HAS BE5 REG>D$ BY SOME HI/ORIANS AS A =]UNN] ( ! ,L59I/ ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 ,NO?+ CAN BE FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4 ,L59 W\LD AGREE ?AT AN ORGANIZATION EX]CIS+ NO OV]T AU?ORITY1 )\T A /ATE1 )\T ! (FICIAL MA*9]Y ( 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ P[] TO 5=CE ITS POLICIES1 CANNOT BE DEF9$ AS A DICTATOR%IP4 ,BAKUN9 US$ ! T]MS 09VISIBLE COLLECTIVE DICTATOR%IP0 TO D5OTE ! UND]GR\ND MOVEM5T EX]T+ MAXIMUM 9FLU5CE 9 AN ORGANIZ$ MANN]4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! RULES ( HIS SECRET ,ALLIANCE2 0444 NO MEMB]444 IS P]MITT$ EV5 9 ! MID/ ( FULL REVOLUTION1 TO TAKE PUBLIC (FICE ( ANY K9D1 NOR IS ! ORGANIZATION P]MITT$ TO DO SO 444 IT WILL AT ALL TIMES BE ON ! AL]T1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE = AU?ORITIES1 GOV]NM5TS & /ATES TO BE REE/ABLI%$4440 ,! QUE/ION ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITIES & MASS MOVEM5TS1 LIKE ! PROBLEM ( P[]1 WILL PROBABLY NEV] BE FULLY RESOLV$4 ,BUT IT IS ! M]IT ( ,BAKUN91 & ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T AS A :OLE1 ?AT IT 5DEAVORS TO R$UCE ITS BUILT-9 DEFECTS TO A M9IMUM4 ,!RE IS NO PO9T 9 SCOLD+ ,BAKUN94 ,IF HE DID NOT HAVE FOOLPRO( ANSW]S HE DID ASK ! RIKS CONC]N+ ,BAKUN9'S RELATIONS ) ! RU?LESS1 AMORAL T]RORI/ ,S]GEI ,NE*AEV1 ,DIEM] RELUCTANTLY ADMITS ?AT 0444,BAKUN9 DID 9DE$ REPUDIATE ,NE*AEV :5 HE F\ND \T ! TRUE NATURE ( HIS ACTIVITIES4440 ,REC5T RESE>* BY ,MI*AEL ,CONF9O1 7,DAUY7 CONCLUSIVELY PROVES ?AT ,NE*AEV1 ,N,O,T ,B,A,K,U,N,9 WAS ! ,S,O,L,E AU?OR ( ! MO/ NOTORI\S DOCUM5T 9 SOCIALI/ HI/ORY3 ,RULES ,?AT ,MU/ ,9SPIRE ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y 7BETT] KN[N AS ,CATE*ISM ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y74 ,DUR+ HIS BRIEF ASSOCIATION ) ,NE*AEV1 ,BAKUN9 IS ACCUS$ ( WRIT+ TOGE!R ) ,NE*AEV1 OR UND] HIS 9FLU5CE1 0444A NUMB] ( TRACTS ?AT DISPLAY$ A DESPOTIC ,MA*IAVELLAN APPRO* TO REVOLUTION4440 ,DIEM] WRITES ?AT 9 !SE PAMPHLETS ,NE*AEV & ,BAKUN9 ADVOCATE A NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 TO BE ]ECT$ BY 7HE QUOTES FROM ! PAMPHLETS7 0444CONC5TRAT+ ALL ! MEANS ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE 9 ! H&S ( ,\R ,COMMITTEE1 & ! PROCLAMATION ( COMPULSORY PHYSICAL LABOR = EV]YONE 444COMPULSORY RESID5CE 9 COMMUNAL DORMITORIES1 RULES = H\RS ( WORK1 FE$+ ( *ILDR5 444 ETC4 ,DIEM]1 TO BE SURE UN9T5TIONALLY1 OMITS VITAL 9=MATION & MAKES FACTUAL ]RORS :I* MU/ BE CORRECT$4 ,HE DOES NOT ID5TIFY ! PAMPHLETS 9 QUE/ION1 NOR ! S\RCE ( ! QUOTATION4 ,! QUOTATION IS NOT P>T ( ANY ( ! PAMPHLETS4 ,IT COMES FROM AN >TICLE 9 ,NE*AEV'S P]IODICAL ,N>ODNA JA ,RASPRAVY 7,! ,PEOPLE'S ,V5G5CE7 ,SPR+ #a#h#g4 ,AN $ITORIAL NOTE ATTA*$ TO ! >TICLE READS0 444?OSE DESIR+ A MORE DETAIL$ EXPOSITION ( \R PR9CIPLES %\LD READ \R >TICLE1 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 :I* \TL9ES ! PRACTICAL MEASURES NECESS>Y TO ATTA9 \R AIMS444 ,NE*AEV HIMSELF WROTE ! >TICLE & $IT$ ! PAP]4 ,BUK99 TOOK NO P>T 9 WRIT+ ! >TICLES OR $IT+ ! PAP]4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! MEASURES ADVOCAT$ BY ,NE*AEV 9 HIS ,CATE*ISM & O!R WRIT+S >E 9 FLAGRANT CONTRADICTION TO EV]Y?+ ,BAKUN9 EV] WROTE OR DID4 7S\RCE4 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 & ,HIS ,RELATIONS ,) ,S]GEI ,NE*AEV - 9 ,FR5* - $IT$ ) 9TRODUCTION & NOTES BY ,>?UR ,LEHN+3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 ,AM/]DAM1 #a#i#g#a1 P4 ,X,X,V,I,I,I 7 ,! *>GE ?AT ,BAKUN9 0444WAS 9FATUAT$ ) VIOL5CE IS FALSE4 ,BAKUN9 9SI/$ AGA9 & AGA9 ?AT DE/RUCTION MU/ BE DIRECT$ NOT AGA9/ P]SONS BUT AGA9/ 9/ITUTIONS3 0IT WILL !N BECOME UNNECESS>Y TO DE/ROY M5 & REAP ! 9EVITABLE REACTION :I* MASSACRES ( HUMAN BE+S HAVE NEV] FAIL$ & NEV] WILL FAIL TO PRODUCE 9 SOCIETY4440 7,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 P4#a#c7 ,DIEM]'S REM>KS AB\T ,BAKUN9'S ATTITUDE T[>D ! PROBLEM ( AU?ORITY DOES NOT REMOTELY RESEMBLE HIS VIEWS4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY 9 REG>D TO ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( REVOLUTION & ! NATURE ( AU?ORITY :I* RANKS ,BAKUN9 AS ONE ( ! GREATE/ REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,BAKUN9 DID ,N,O,T REJECT 0444 ALL =MS ( AU?ORITY4440 = EXAMPLE3 444DO ,I REJECT ALL AU?ORITY8 ,P]I% ! ?\Y1 & ABOVE ALL1 VOLUNT>Y AU?ORITY & SUBORD9ATION4440 7,GOD & ! ,/ATE7 0 444 A C]TA9 AM\NT ( DISCIPL9E1 NOT AUTOMATIC1 BUT VOLUNT>Y444 DISCIPL9E :I* H>MONIZES P]-FECTLY ) ! FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUALS1 IS1 & EV] WILL BE1 NECESS>Y :5 A GREAT NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS1 FREELY UNIT$1 UND]-TAKE ANY K9D ( WORK OR COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,UND] SU* CURCUM/ANCES DISCIPL9E IS SIMPLY ! VOLUNT>Y & ?\D A COMMON GOAL4440 7,KN\TO ,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION7 ,9 ! DAYS ( ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL MANY SOCIALI/S ( BO? CAMPS1 ,BAKUN9 9CLUD$1 !N BELIEV$ ! COLLAPSE ( CAPITALISM & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION TO BE IMM95T4 ,AL?\< ?IS WAS AN ILLUSION1 ! DEBATE !Y CONDUCT$ ON FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES HAS REMA9$ P]T95T & 9 MANY =MS1 /ILL GOES ON4 ,TO MANY O!RS AT ! TIME - AS A ,FR5* POLITICAL SCI5TI/1 ,MI*EL ,COLL9ET1 HAS PO9T$ \T - ! ISSUES DISCUSS$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,M>XI/S & ! LIB]T>IAN ,BAKUN9I/S SEEM$ TO BE M]ELY AB/RACT SPECULATION AB\T :AT MI-FET*$1 HE SAYS 0444>E TODAY CRUCIAL2 !Y >E BE+ DECISIVELY POS$ NOT ONLY 9 TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES1 :I* RELATE !MSELVES TO ,M>X1 BUT ALSO 9 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 :I* >E BE+ DOM9AT$ BY ! GR[+ P[] ( !'/ATE4440 7,LE ,CONTRAT ,SOCIALE1 ,P>IS1 ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y #a#i#f#d7 ,COLL9ET LI/S ! BASIC PO9TS 9 QUE/ION3 ,H[ CAN LIB]TY & FREE DEVELOPM5T BE ASSUR$ 9 AN 9CREAS+LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ SOCIETY8 ,H[ CAN CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION BE ELIM9AT$8 ,MU/ P[] BE C5TRALIZ$1 OR %\LD IT BE DIFFUS$ AMONG MULTIPLE F$]AT$ UNITS8 ,%\LD ! ,9T]NATIONAL BE ! MODEL ( A NEW SOCIETY ( SIMPLY AN 9/RUM5T ( ! ,/ATE OR ( POLITICAL P>TIES8 ,AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ,LAUSANNE 9 #a#i#f#g1 ! ,BELGIAN DELEGATE1 ,CAES] DE ,PAEPE1 RAIS$ JU/ SU* A QUE/ION REG>D+ 444! EF=TS N[ BE+ MADE BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S4 ,C\LD ?IS NOT04 HE 9QUIR$1 0RESULT 9 ! CREATION ( A NEW CLASS ( EX-WORK]S :O WIELD /ATE P[]1 & W\LD NOT ! SITUATION ( ! WORK]S BE MU* MORE MIS]ABLE ?AN IT IS N[8 ,A WELL RESE>*$1 ?\X & ,BAKUN9 - ESPECIALLY N[ :5 #a#i? C5TURY SOCIALI/ IDEAS >E BE+ REEXAM9$1 - IS SORELY NE$$4 ,REGRETFULLY1 ,DIEM]'S >TICLES ADD NO?+ TO ! CL>IFICATION ( !SE P]5NIAL PROBLEMS & ONLY OBSCURE ! ISSUES4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ai< 3 ,BAKUN9 VS4 ,M>X -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,BAKUN9 VS4 ,M>X -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,BAKUN9 VS4 ,M>X -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/