,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #b ,! ORIG9 ( IMMAT]IAL LAB\R AS CLASS /RUGGLE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 ,TEXT 3 #b4 ,! ORIG9 ( IMMAT]IAL LABOR AS CLASS /RUGGLE ,9 ?IS SECTION WE COMM5T ON ONE ( ! C5TRAL ISSUES 9 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT1 ?AT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS ITSELF ! RESULT ( ! /RUGGLES ( ! '#fS & '#gS1 :5 ! CLASS EXP]IM5T$ ) 'NEW PRODUCTIVITY'1 & AUTONOM\SLY R$EF9$ ITSELF AS CREATIVE1 FLEXIBLE1 COMMUNICATIVE LABOR P[]4 ,WE AGREE ?AT ! EM]G5CE ( :AT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CALL IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION %\LD BE ANALYZ$ AS CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT WE >GUE ?AT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS AN ASPECT ( ! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL OV] LABOR1 ?\< CONTRADICTORY & UN/ABLE4 ,WE !N QUE/ION ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S VISION ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS HAV+ 9H]5T ANTI-CAPITALI/ ASPECTS 9 ITSELF & !IR VIEW ( A COMMUNI/ FUTURE BAS$ ON ITS SELF-MANAGEM5T4 #b4#a ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR AS ! RESULT ( SUBJECTIVITY & CLASS /RUGGLE -- MY? & REALITY ,H[ DID IMMAT]IAL LABOR COME AB\T8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,EMPIRE1 DUR+ ! /RUGGLES 9 ! '#fS & '#gS AGA9/ L>GE SCALE 9DU/RY1 ! WORK+ CLASS PRODUC$ ITS 'P>ADIGM'4 ,! MASS WORK] WAS SO /RONG ?AT !Y C\LD FOLD ITS >MS & /OP CAPITAL EXPLOIT+ !M4 ,MANY PROLET>IANS1 /ILL /UD5TS1 REFUS$ TO 5T] ! FACTORY4 ,?IS FREE PEOPLE1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT SAY1 EMBRAC$ ,BOHEMIAN LIFE1 >TI/IC ACTIVITY & PSY*$ELIC PRODUCTION 9 ,L,S,D 7:I* IS1 WE ADMIT1 IMMAT]IAL P] EXCELL5CE74 ,?US1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CONCLUDE1 ! CLASS R$EF9$ ITSELF1 AUTONOM\SLY1 AS CREATIVE1 COMMUNICATIVE1 FLEXIBLE LABOR P[]1 =C+ CAPITAL TO ADOPT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION 9 ORD] TO EXPLOIT IT4 ,?IS M>KS ! BIR? ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ACCORD+ TO ,NEGRI & ,H>DT3 CAPITAL HAD TO AB&ON ! L>GE SCALE FACTORY1 ITS L9E> PRODUCTION1 ITS 9FLEXIBLE WORK+ DAY & ITS ME*ANI/IC LOGIC & EMPLOY OP5 NETWORKS & FLEXI-TIME & GIVE SPACE TO CREATIVITY4 ,S9CE !N IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION BECOMES 'HEGEMONIC'4 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORY IS UNPROBLEMATICALLY SUBJECTIVE1 EXCIT+ & REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IT TELLS US ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ 9H]5TLY POSITIVE 9 ! PRES5T HEGEMONIC PRODUCTION1 & ?AT ?IS IS ! RESULT ( \R AUTONOM\S VITALITY4 ,DO WE AGREE ) ?IS EXCIT+ HI/ORY ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS CLASS /RUGGLE8 ,WE AGREE1 ( C\RSE1 ) ! PR9CIPLE ?AT HI/ORY IS ! HI/ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 & ?AT ! DYNAMICS ( CAPITAL >E ASPECT ( ?IS /RUGGLE1 BUT WE >E SKEPTICAL AB\T ! SPECIFIC WAY 9 :I* ,EMPIRE SEEMS TO APPLY ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,LET US !N CONSID] ! EM]G5CE ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION MORE CLOSELY1 & SEE H[ ?IS >TICULATES ) CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,:AT WE WILL SEE WILL NO D\BT 9SPIRE LESS FEEL-GOOD EFFECTS TO \R READ]S ?AN ,TONI ,NEGRI'S 9SPIR+1 ROSE T9T$ OPTIMISM4 ,BUT1 AS WE WILL DISCUSS LAT]1 ! REALITY ( CAPITAL AS A CONTRADICTION IS NOT ?AT WE FEEL GOOD 9 IT BUT ?AT WE 9ESCAPABLY FEEL BAD4 #b4#b ,A CLASS /RUGGLE ANALYSIS ( ! ORIG9 ( IMMAT]IAL LABOR AS ! CREATION ( IDEAS & KN[L$GE ,LET US CONSID] FIR/ ! ASPECT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS ! CREATION ( IDEAS & KN[L$GE4 ,AGA9/ TRADITIONAL ,M>XISM1 :I* SAW HI/ORY AS DRIV5 BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION1 ,AUTONOMIA1 ) ,M>IO ,TRONTI 9 P>TICUL>1 RE-PROPOS$ 9 ! '#gS ?AT HI/ORY IS A HI/ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE & ?AT ! OBJECTIVITY ( CAPITAL IS A RESULT ( ?IS /RUGGLE4.<#a#f#c.> ,! LAWS ( CAPITAL HIDE ! CONT9UAL NECESSITY TO UND]M9E WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE1 ITS 5TR5*M5T 9 !IR EXI/+ SKILLS4 ,?IS IS :Y CAPITAL NE$S TO CONT9UALLY 9NOVATE & RATIONALIZE PRODUCTION1 9 ORD] TO DESKILL LABOR & WEAK5 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS IS CLASS /RUGGLE :I* APPE>S1 PO/ FACTO1 CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 ! OBJECTIVE LAWS ( CAPITAL OR 9 ! OBJECTIVE RATIONALE ( 9NOVATION1 PROGRESS & DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS OBJECTIFICATION IS ! RESULT ( A CONT9U\S PROCESS ( IMPOSITIONS & REBELLIONS1 :I* OBLIGES CAPITAL 9TO COMPROMISES & MAKES IT VULN]ABLE TO FUR!R /RUGGLES4 ,! EM]G5CE ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS ! PRODUCTION ( IDEAS & KN[L$GE CAN BE EXPLA9$ AS P>T ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( CAPITALISM1 ?IS CONT9U\S BATTLE HAS L$ TO ! NE$ TO SEP>ATE M5TAL FROM MANUAL LABOR4 ,) ,W$GWOOD'S POTT]Y MANUFACTURE1 WE HAVE AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE ( H[ CRAFT WORK WAS SEP>AT$ FROM ITS ELEM5TS ( AUTONOMY & CREATIVITY4 ,MAK+ POTS BECAME A PA9T+-BY-NUMB]S ACTIVITY1 :ILE DESIGNEM]G$ AS AN ALI5 RUL]1 A TOOL = ! SUBSUMPTION ( ! WORK]'S LABOR4 ,:ILE 9 ! TRANSITION TO CAPITALISM ! CAPITALI/ ,W$GWOOD HAS A ROLE ( MA/] CRAFTSMAN1 LAT] ! CAPITALI/S F>M$ \T HIS CREATIVE ROLE TO 9DEP5D5T OR WAG$ DESIGN]S1 SPECIALI/S1 5G9E]S & MANAG]S4 ,WE HAVE N[ ! NEW FIGURE ( A CREATIVE PR(ESSIONAL WORK]1 UN?9KABLE 9 ! PA/4 ,9CREAS+LY1 ! PLACE :]E IDEAS & ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS W]E DEVIS$ WAS SEP>AT$ (F4 ,?IS EV5TUALLY GAVE RISE TO :AT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CALL IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION3 ! PRODUCTION ( DESIGNS1 ,I,T SY/EMS1 ETC4 AS 'COMMODITIES' 9 !IR [N RIE SOLD TO O!R CAPITALI/S = ! SECOND /AGE ( PRODUCTION3 EXECUTION4 ,) ! COMMODIFICATION ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTS WE HAVE ! BEG9N+ ( A TR5D TO RATIONALIZE IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,?IS IS ! NEXT /AGE ( CLASS /RUGGLE3 9CREAS+LY1 WE SEE ! MULTIPLICATION ( FIGURES SU* AS ! 5G9E] :O JU/ CALCULATES ELA/ICITY FACTORS )9 A PROJECT ON :I* HE HAS NO CONTROL4 ,9CREAS+LY1 BE+ A QUALIFI$ DESIGN] MAY NOT MEAN TO HAVE A HIATES CREATIVE FROM EXECUTIVE LABOR 9VOLVES ANTAGONISM4 ,?US ?IS PROCESS />TS & 5DS ) CLASS /RUGGLE4 #b4#c ,A CLASS /RUGGLE ANALYSIS ( ! IDEOLOGY ( WEIE SEP>AT$ & ! LATT] DESKILL$1 ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/ CORRECTLY CONSID]S ! PRODUCTION ( IDEAS & DESIGN AS ! MO/ VALUABLE & CO/LY P>T ( ALL PRODUCTION4 ,9 TURN1 ! B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGUE CAN G5]ALIZE ?IS 9T]E/ & CONCLUDE ?AT :AT IS 'MA9LY' PRODUC$ TODAY IS IDEAS & DESIGN4 ,9 FACT IF WE CONSID] ! MAT]IAL REPRODUCTION ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 WE CAN BE SATISFI$ ?AT \R REPRODUCTION CANNOT HAPP5 ONLY ?\< ! PRODUCTION ( PURE IDEAS4 ,WE DO NOT EAT1 DRIVE OR WE> IDEAS4 ,PURE IDEATION CAN EXI/ AS SU* ONLY BECAUSE !RE IS A /AGE ( PURE EXECUTION SOME:]E ELSE4 ,?US BEH9D ! P>TIAL TRU? ( ! B\RGEOIS 7& ! ,M>XIAN SIMPLETON7 WE DISCOV] A MORE CONCRETE1 IMPORTANT1 TRU?3 :AT IS MA9LY PRODUC$ & REPRODUC$ TODAY IS NOT IDEAS & KN[L$GE1 BUT A SPECIFIC DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,?AT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT UNCRITICALLY ADOPT ! PO/MOD]N & B\RGEOIS FETI%ISM ( WEIXISM -- & TO ,NEGRI & ,H>DT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S 9CAPACITY TO UND]/& ! EM]G5CE ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS ! IMPOSITION ( A SPECIFIC DIVISION ( LABOR LEADS !M TO SEE IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS SOME?+ NATURAL1 & POT5TIALLY AUTONOM\S FROM CAPITAL4 ,TO !M WE RAISE ! SAME OBJECTION ?AT ,ITALIAN WORK]I/S RAIS$ TO TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/S4 ,AGA9/ A VISION ( PRODUCTION AS NEUTRAL & POT5TIALLY GOOD = SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ,RANI]O ,PANZI]I W>N$ ?AT ?IS CONCEPTION HID AN UNCRITICAL ACCEPTANCE ( CAPITALISM4 ,( SOCIALI/ BACKGR\ND1 ,PANZI]I ACCEPT$ SELF-MANAGEM5T AS A REASONABLE /EP 9 ! REVOLUTION1 BUT HE GAVE A W>N+3 COMMUNISM NE$S A RE?9K+ ( SOCIETY :I* NECESS>ILY LEADS TO A RUPTURE ) ITS PROCESSES ( PRODUCTION4.<#a#f#d.> ,( C\RSE1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT W\LD SAY3 HI/ORY MOVES & ?+S *ANGE4 ,IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS DIFF]5T FROM ! 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION ( TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/ TIMES4 ,WE MAY NOT >GUE 7H]E7 ) ?IS 'TRU?'1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT *ANGE :AT WE HAVE SAID4 ,RA!R1 IT MAKES :AT WE SAID MORE COMPELL+4 ,IF \R 'NEW' TIMES >E *>ACT]IZ$ BY IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION !N ! NEW REVOLUTION = ! 'NEW' TIMES WILL HAVE TO IMPLY A RUPTURE1 PRECISELY1 FROM IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION6.<#a#f#e.> #b4#e ,A CLASS /RUGGLE ANALYSIS ( ! ORIG9 ( IMMAT]IAL LABOR AS ! CREATION ( COMMUNICATION & AFFECTS ,WE HAVE SO F> FOCUS$ ON ! EM]G5CE ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION AS ! CREATION ( KN[L$GE & IDEAS4 ,BUT IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO ACC\NT = ! EM]G5CE ( PO/-,=DI/ ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION 9 T]MS ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! /R5G? ( ! MASS WORK]S C5T]$ 9 ! L>GE SCALE 9DU/RY 9 ! '#gS1 RE/RUCTUR+ MEANT TO FRAGM5T 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 ,TEAM WORK WAS A WAY TO SEP>ATE ! WORK]S )9 ! SAME 9DU/RY & DIS9TEGRATE !IR SOLID>ITY4 ,\TS\RC+1 MOV+ PRODUCTION ABROAD1 RE-DIVID$ LABOR ON A WORLD SCALE4 ,?IS PROCESS1 TOO1 SEP>AT$ ! WORK]S NOT ONLY PHYSICALLY BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY 9 T]MS ( !IR 9T]E/S1 EMPLOYM5T CONTRACTS & WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACC\NT = ! REC5T %IFT ( CAPITAL 9TO ! S]VICE SECTOR AS CLASS /RUGGLE1 TOO4 ,WE CAN SEE H[ ! RE/RUCTUR+ AT ! 5D ( ! '#gS 9DE$ L$ TO A SUB/ANTIAL %IFT ( CAPITAL 9TO S]VICE1 :]E WORK]S W]E /ILL UNORGANIZ$ & ?US MORE COMPLIANT4 ,AGA91 \R ACC\NT ( ! ORIG9 ( IMMAT]IAL IS MILES AWAY FROM ,NEGRI & ,H>DT1 FROM ! FAIRYTALE ?AT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION EM]G$ 9 RESPONSE TO \R AUTONOM\S R$EF9ITION AS 'FLEXIBLE' & IMMAT]IAL4 #b4#f ,TE*NOLOGICAL DET]M9ISM OR AUTONOM\S SUBJECTIVITY8 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S RA!R PECULI> ACC\NT ( ! EM]G5CE ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS BAS$ ON A PECULI> AXIOM3 ?AT HI/ORY IS MOV$ BY AN AUTONOM\S WILL1 ! WILL ( ! AUTONOM\S CLASS4 ,?IS ASSUMPTION1 :I* TRACES ITS 9TELLECTUAL AU?ORITY TO ONE ( ! F\ND+ FA!RS ( B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPHY 7,SP9OZA71 HAS ALREADY BE5 %[N TO BE UNDIALECTICAL4.<#a#f#f.> ,ALLEGATIONS ( BE+ NON-DIALECTICAL %\LD NOT BE TAK5 AS A BANAL 9SULT4 ,BE+ NON-DIALECTICAL W\LD NOT BE TOO BAD 9 ITSELF1 IF ?IS DID NOT CREATE S]I\S PROBLEMS 9 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORIZATION4 ,9DE$1 A VIEW ( HI/ORY AS PURE WILL & SUBJECTIVITY IS B\ND TO SMA% ITS HEAD AGA9/ ITS NON DIALECTICAL C\NT]P>T3 A VIEW ( HI/ORY AS PURE OBJECTIVITY -- ! B\RGEOIS IDEA ?AT WE >E '%AP$' BY ! P>ADIGMS ( PRODUCTION4 ,TO ! NON-DIALECTICAL M9D ?IS SECOND ASPECT ( REALITY APPE>S AS COMPELL+ AS ! FIR/1 & /ILL CANNOT F9D A PLACE 9 !IR !ORIZATION EXCEPT AS A JUXTAPOSITION4 ,EMPIRE & ,MULTITUDE CONFUSE ! READ] ) CONTRADICTORY ASS]TIONS :I* >E PRES5T$ )\T ANY S]I\S EF=T TO RESOLVE !IR CONTRADICTIONS4 ,DO WE CREATE HI/ORY AS AUTONOM\S SUBJECTS8 ,OR >E \R ?\ADIGMS ( PRODUCTION -- !N IS HI/ORY DET]M9$ AT EV]Y P>ADIGMATICAL MOM5T8.<#a#f#g.> ,! CLA% ( ONE TRU? & ITS ANTI-TRU? & ! CONSEQU5T EXPLOSIVE ANNIHILATION ( ! :OLE !ORETICAL CON/RUCTION IS H[EV]1 SAFELY & CLEV]LY PREV5T$ BY KEEP+ !SE 'TRU?S' SEP>AT$ 9 TIME & SPACE4 ,?US1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT SAY3 TODAY1 9 ! MUNDANE PRES5T1 WE >E %AP$ BY PRODUCTION 9 \R HE>TS1 M9DS & ACTIONS 7?IS WILL PLEASE \R ACADEMIC COLLEAGUES 9 ! LIT]ATURE DEP>TM5T72 YE/]DAY1 DUR+ ! MY?ICAL '#f#h1 WE LIV$ A MOM5T ( ABSOLUTE FRE$OM TO R$EF9E \RSELVES \TSIDE EXI/+ P>ADIGMS 7?IS WILL PLEASE ,NICK ,WI!=D74 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S ME?OD ( JUXTAPOSITION1 H[EV]1 IS NOT GOOD 5\< TO CONV9CE ! EXP]I5C$ & KN[L$GEABLE READ]S :O HAVE ASSOCIAT$ TALKS AB\T P>ADIGMS ( PRODUCTION & TE*NOLOGY ) B\RGEOIS & CONS]VATIVE LIT]ATURE4 ,TO CONV9CE US ?AT !RE IS A REVOLUTION>Y LOGIC 9 SAY+ ?AT WE >E %AP$ BY P>ADIGMS ( PRODUCTION1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT MANIPULATE \R S5SE ( RESPECT = \R ELD]S & 9VOKE ! AU?ORITY ( OLD ,M>X HIMSELF4 ,= ,M>X TOO1 !Y SAY1 '( C\RSE . EV]Y?+ />TS ) PRODUCTION' 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #a#d#c74 ,= HIM TOO1 !Y SAY1 'PRODUCTION MAKES A SUBJECT = ! OBJECT' 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #a#i74 ,?IS NO D\BT WILL DEFUZE MO/ OBJECTIONS4 ,S9CE WE 9 ,AUFHEB5 >E NOT CONFUS$ BY ANY S5SE ( RESPECT = \R ELD]S1 WE BO!R$ TO *ECK ON OLD ,M>X4 ,WE F\ND SIMPLY ?AT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT HAD CUT QUOTES \T ( !IR CONTEXT & TWI/$ !IR ORIG9AL MEAN+S6 ,9 FACT = ,M>X EV]Y?+ />TS ) '! REAL 9DIVIDUALS & !IR 9T]C\RSES'4.<#a#f#h.> ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL DOES NOT />TS FROM MOD]N 9DU/RY TO EXPLA9 SOCIETY BUT IT />TS FROM \R RELATIONS ( EX*ANGE TO EXPLA9 MOD]N 9DU/RY4.<#a#f#i.> ,M>X HIMSELF W\LD AGREE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ALL />TS ) PRODUCTION2 BUT ONLY IF WE 9T5D PRODUCTION AS SOME?+ CONCRETE1 EMB$D$ 9 A SOCIAL RELATION3 AS PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES = ! M>KET4 ,AS SU*1 PRODUCTION IS ! REPRODUCTION ( \R SOCIAL RELATIONS AS M>KET RELATIONS & AS SU* IT REPRODUCES US AS PROLET>IAT4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS MILES AWAY FROM :AT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT SIMPLI/ICALLY MEANT4 ,BY DISMISS+ 7& REWRIT+7 ,M>X'S !ORY ( LABOR1 SADLY1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT DISMISS A !ORY ?AT CAN EFFECTIVELY OPPOSE TE*NOLOGICAL DET]M9ISM AS WELL AS UND]/& ITS ASPECTS ( TRU?4 ,?IS !ORY SEES ! REAL 9DIVIDUAL 9 !IR SOCIAL RELATION ) O!RS AS ! CONCRETE REALITY BEH9D BO? ! APP>5T OBJECTIVITY ( PRODUCTION & \R CONT9UAL *ALL5GE TO ?IS OBJECTIVITY4 ,?IS VIEW1 IMPORTANTLY1 DOES NOT NE$ ANY DESP]ATE SEP>ATIONS ( MY?ICAL PA/ & MUNDANE PRES5T1 BECAUSE IT SEES HI/ORY AS A CONT9U\S PROCESS & A CONT9U\S /RUGGLE4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/