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,IMMAT]IAL LAB\R & A NEW !ORY = ! 'NEW ]A' 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR & A NEW !ORY = ! 'NEW ]A' 

,9 ?IS SECTION WE %[ ?AT ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL LABOR1 OR BETT]1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 IS ! PIVOTAL ELEM5T = ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S ANALYSIS & = !IR POPUL>ITY4 ,ON ! ONE H& IT ALL[S !M TO SUBSUME ! B\RGEOIS !ORIES :I*1 9 ! '#hS1 *ALL5G$ TRADITIONAL ,M>XISM4 ,BUT ON ! O!R H& IT ALL[S !M TO SUBSUME !SE !ORIES 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y1 SUBJECTIVE1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ !ORY4 ,& IT SEEMS TO (F] AN EXPLANATION = ! NEW MOVEM5TS :I* S\NDS REASONABLE 7& FLATT]+7 TO ! P>TICIPANTS4 

#a4#a ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR & ! MILL5NIAL !ORIES 

,AS WE ANTICIPAT$ 9 ! ,9TRODUCTION1 IMMAT]IAL LABOR PLAYS A FUNDAM5TAL ROLE 9 A C5TRAL QUALITY ( ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORY3 ITS 9TELLECTUAL UNIV]SALITY4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 BO? ,EMPIRE & ,MULTITUDE1 AS WELL AS ,NEGRI'S PRE-,EMPIRE WORK1 SUCCESSFULLY APPROPRIATE A L>GE RANGE ( !ORIES ( ! PRES5T AMONG ! MO/ FA%IONABLE ( ! '#hS & E>LY '#iS4.<#a#d#a.> ,AS WE WILL SEE1 IT IS PRECISELY ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ?AT 5ABLES ?IS APPROPRIATION )\T MAK+ ! RESULT APPE> OBVI\SLY ECLECTIC4 

,9 P>TICUL>1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT ADOPT 'TRU?S' FROM 'MILL5NIAL' VIEWS ( ! PRES5T WORLD :I*1 9 DIFF]5T WAYS & = DIFF]5T REASONS SAY ?AT WE LIVE 9 A 'NEW ]A'3 A PO/-9DU/RIAL1 PO/MOD]N1 PO/-,=DI/1 SOCIETY4 ,LET US MAKE A %ORT LI/ ( SU* !ORIES3 

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,A WIDESPREAD MILL5NIAL !ORY IS ?AT WE LIVE 9 A 'NEW' ]A DOM9AT$ BY ! TRANSITION FROM 9DU/RIAL_/,=DI/1 PRODUCTION TO PO/-9DU/RIAL_/PO/-,=DI/ PRODUCTION -- ) ,TOYOTISM AS ! *AMPION ( A NEW VISION 7'P>ADIGM'7 ( PRODUCTION4 

,?IS IDEA WAS !ORIZ$ BY ! ,FR5* ,REGULATION ,S*OOL AS E>LY AS ! #a#i#gS4.<#a#d#b.> ,BY ! 5D ( ! '#hS SU* IDEAS W]E WIDESPREAD 9 ! 9TELLECTUAL WORLD1 HAV+ P]HAPS LO/ RIGOR BUT GA9$ 9T]-CULTURAL1 MULTIDISCIPL9>Y BREAD?4 ,IT WAS WIDELY ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! 'NEW' P>ADIGM ( PO/-,=DI/ PRODUCTION DICTAT$ A NEW VIEW ( LIFE AS 'OP5 NETWORKS' & HAD BURI$ L9E> OR /RUCTUR$ VIEWS ( SEE+ ! WORLD1 CONNECT$ TO 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 

,! WE/]N BUS9ESS WORLD WAS 9TRIGU$ BY ,TOYOTISM 9 ! '#hS & E>LY '#iS4 ,TOYOTA'S ME?ODS SU* AS 'JU/-9-TIME' 7Z]O-/OCK7 PRODUCTION & TEAM WORK1 TOGE!R ) PL5TY ( IDEOLOGICAL FRIPP]IES AB\T '9TEGRAT+' ! WORK+ CLASS & W9N+ !IR HE>TS & M9DS1 W]E 9TRODUC$ 9 A NUMB] ( FACTORIES E4G4 ,ROV] AT ,LONGBRIDGE1 ,U,K1 OR ,F,I,A,T AT ,MELFI1 ,ITALY 9 ! E>LY '#iS4.<#a#d#c.> 

,H[EV]1 ?IS 9T]E/ IS 9 DECL9E1 IF IT HAS EV] BE5 ?AT IMPORTANT AT ALL4.<#a#d#d.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ,F,I,A,T'S REC5T TR5DS >E TO SPE$ UP CONVEYOR BELT WORK4 ,!IR NOTORI\S H>% ME?OD ,T,M,C#b HAS TRIGG]$ REC5T FI]CE /RUGGLES 9 ALL !IR PLANTS 9CLUD$ ,MELFI6.<#a#d#e.> ,AL?\< TIME MOVES ON = ! BUS9ESS1 IT DOES NOT = ,NEGRI & ,H>DT1 :O /ILL CONSID] ,TOYOTISM AS 'HEGEMONIC' 9 PRODUCTION -- EV5 :5 EV]YBODY ELSE HAS GIV5 UP ! IDEA4 

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,*AMPION$ BY ACADEMICS 7OR POPUL>IZ]S7 SU* AS ,BRZEZ9SKI1 ,T(FL] & ,OHMAE '9=MATION SOCIETY !ORIES' CLAIM ?AT ! 'NEW' HI-TE* PRODUCTION HAS L$ TO A 'NEW' PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4.<#a#d#f.> ,SIMIL>LY1 ACADEMICS &_/OR POPUL>IZ]S SU* AS ,ROB]T ,REI* 9SI/ ?AT WE LIVE 9 A 

'NEW ]A' :]E KN[L$GE & ANALYTICAL LABOR IS C5TRAL 9 A NEW WEI<TLESS1 ADVANC$ ECONOMY4 ,!SE *ANGES HAVE ABOLI%$ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM1 EXPOS$ ! ,M>XI/ CONCEPT ( VALUE AS MEAN+LESS1 &_/OR ABOLI%$ ! DIVISION ( WE/]N SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES4.<#a#d#g.> 

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,EXTRAPOLATIONS ( SOME TR5DS 9 PRODUCTION HAVE LONG L$ TO ! CLAIM ?AT WE LIVE 9 A 'NEW ]A' :]E PRODUCTION HAS MOV$ TO ! S]VICE SECTOR1 TAK+ ! LEAD FROM 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION & *ANG$ ! P>ADIGMS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ?IS 'NEW' ]A :]E S]VICE IS C5TRAL1 IT IS >GU$1 ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( LABOR & VALUE CANNOT BE APPLI$ ANYMORE -- A VIEW :I* WE F9D 9 ,RIFK91 = EXAMPLE4.<#a#d#h.> 

,D7 ,P,O,/,M,O,D,],N,I,S,M 

,PO/MOD]NISM SUGGE/ WE LIVE 9 A 'NEW' SOCIETY *>ACT]IZ$ BY A NUMB] ( OV]LAPP+ ASPECTS1 ALL ( :I* IMPLY ?AT :AT HAS BE5 SAID AB\T CAPITALISM IS \TDAT$4 ,ONE ASPECT ( ! PO/-MOD]N SOCIETY IS ! FRAGM5TATION ( ID5TITY &1 CRUCIALLY1 ! 5D ( A WORK+ CLASS ID5TITY4 ,ANO!R ASPECT1 :I* WE F9D = EXAMPLE 9 ! WORK ( ,JEAN ,BAUDRILL>D1 IS ?AT S9CE TODAY PRODUCTION IS C5T]$ ON ! SYMBOLIC MEAN+S ( COMMODITIES1 ! ,M>XI/ CONCEPT ( 'USE VALUES'1 ?US ALL ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS1 IS \TDAT$4.<#a#d#i.> 

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,LET US SE5 N[ H[ ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ALL[S ,NEGRI & ,H>DT TO APPROPRIATE ALL ! DIV]SE !ORIZATIONS OR OBS]VATIONS ABOVE 9 :AT APPE>S ONE1 ELEGANT1 UNIFI$ !ORY4 

,FIR/ & MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS APPROPRIATELY DEF9$ TO 9CLUDE ALL ! DIFF]5T ACTIVITIES 7FROM ,I,T TO S]VICES7 CONSID]$ ABOVE4 

,SECOND1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION APPE>S TO EXPLA9 ,BAUDRILL>D'S OBS]VATION ?AT GOODS >E 9CREAS+LY PRODUC$ & B\<T = !IR SYMBOLIC MEAN+S4 ,9DE$1 AS WE SAID E>LI]1 UND] ! 'HEGEMONY' ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ! PRODUCTION ( MAT]IAL GOODS IS 9CREAS+LY ! PRODUCTION ( IMAGES1 IDEAS OR AFFECTS4.<#a#e.> 

,?IRD1 UND] ! 'HEGEMONY' ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 :I* /RESSES 'COMMUNICATION' & 'COOP]ATION'1 ALL MAT]IAL PRODUCTION T5DS TO ADOPT PO/-,=DI/ ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION SU* AS1 ]444 ,TOYOTISM4 ,9 FACT ,TOYOTISM 9VOLVES LOTS ( COMMUNICATION1 COOP]ATION1 USE ( 'SYN]GY' ETC4 -- AT LEA/ IF WE BELIEVE 9 ! ,JAPANESE-MANAGEM5T-9SPIR$ BUS9ESS PLANS ( ! LATE '#hS4 

,LA/ BUT NOT LEA/1 ! HEGEMONY ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION ON SOCIETY EXPLA9S ! PO/MOD]NI/ OBS]VATION CONC]N+ ! PRES5T FRAGM5TATION ( WORK]S' ID5TITY4 ,! NEW ORGANIZATION ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION 9 FACT DEF9ES A NEW WAY1 9 G5]AL1 ?AT WE 9T]RELATE 9 SOCIETY3 AS NETWORKS ( FREE 'S+UL>ITIES'4 ,! P>TY1 & O!R SU* RIGID /RUCTURES MADE S5SE ONLY )9 A P>ADIGM ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 & N[ >E REJECT$4 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT /ICK TO ! IDEOLOGY ( PO/MOD]NISM1 BY CELEBRAT+ ! ISOLATION ( REC5T /RUGGLES1 & SUGGE/ ?AT !IR FAILURE TO SPREAD C\LD MEAN ?AT !Y W]E 'IMM$IATELY SUBV]SIVE 9 !MSELVES' 7,EMPIRE1 P4 #e#h74 ,= ,NEGRI & ,H>DT1 A NEW CYCLE ( /RUGGLE WILL NOT BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY AN EXT5SION ( /RUGGLES1 BUT BY A CON/ELLATION ( 9DIVIDUAL /RUGGLES1 :I* WILL BE FLEXIBLY & LOOSELY CONNECT$ 9 NETWORKS 7,EMPIRE1 P4#e#h474.<#a#e#a.> 

,?US 'IMMAT]IAL LABOR' HAS ELEGANTLY EMBRAC$1 EXPLA9$ & SURPASS$ ALL ! ABOVE !ORIES & OBS]VATIONS 9 ONE ,UNIFI$ ,!ORY4.<#a#e#b.> 

,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S APPROPRIATION ( SU* PO/MOD]NI/ & PO/-,=DI/ B\RGEOIS !ORIES1 NO D\BT E>NS !M RESPECT 9 ! ACADEMIC WORLD4 ,9DE$ 9 ! '#hS & E>LY '#iS1 GRIM TIMES ( RETREAT ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! BALANCE ( ACADEMIC PRE/IGE TILT$ ON ! SIDE ( B\RGEOIS1 TRIUMPHANT !ORIES4 ,IT WAS ! RI<T TIME TO PROCLAIM ! 5D ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! 5D ( HI/ORY2 TO SNE] AT 'PALEO-,M>XISM'2.<#a#e#c.> & PROPOSE 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 PO/MOD]N1 PO/-9DU/RIAL1 'NEW' !ORIES = ! 'NEW' WORLD4 ,UNLIKE ! ,M>XI/S ?AT TRI$ TO REFUTE !IR !ORIES1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT RA!R APPROPRIATE !M4 ,9 DO+ ?IS !Y DO NOT SIDE ) ! LOS]1 ) ! PALEO-,M>XI/ -- !Y SIDE ) ! 9TELLECTUAL W9N]S :O HAVE HI/ORY ON !IR SIDE4 

#a4#b ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR1 & ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITAL 

,:ILE ON ! ONE H& ,NEGRI & ,H>DT TAKE ONBO>D ! B\RGEOIS CELEBRATIONS ( ! 5D ( HI/ORY & CLASS /RUGGLE1 ON ! O!R !Y >E ABLE TO 9CORPORATE !SE VIEWS 9 A !ORY :I* /ILL SPEAKS AB\T CLASS /RUGGLE & /ILL SEES CAPITAL AS A CONTRADICTION4.<#a#e#d.> ,?IS AGA9 IS MADE POSSIBLE BY ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION4 

,9 FACT = ,NEGRI & ,H>DT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS ITSELF A CONTRADICTION = CAPITAL1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ITS IMMAT]IAL NATURE4 ,UNLIKE MAT]IAL ACTIVITY1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT SUGGE/1 ! PRODUCTION ( COMMUNICATION1 IDEAS OR AFFECTS ESCAPE CAPITAL'S CONTROL & MAKE LABOR 9CREAS+LY AUTONOM\S FROM CAPITAL4 ,CAPITAL IS ?US TRAPP$ 9 A DILEMMA3 ON ! ONE H& IT NE$S TO 5C\RAGE HE>T & M9D ACTIVITIES1 ON ! O!R ITS CONTROL IS UND]M9$ BY !M4 

',IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION' CREATES ALSO ANO!R CONTRADICTION3 IT UND]M9ES PRIVATE PROP]TY4.<#a#e#e.> ,9DE$1 REPEAT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT AD NAUSEAM1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTS1 :I* >E PRODUCTS ( ?\<T1 >E NECESS>ILY CREAT$ 9 COMMON AS COMMONS -- 'NO ONE ?9KS ALONE'1 !Y 9SI/1 & ADD3 NO PRODUCTION ( IDEAS CAN EXI/ )\T A SOCIALLY %>$ WORLD ( IDEAS1 %>$ LANGUAGES & CULTURE 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #a#d#g74 

,FAC+ ?IS ?REAT5+ =M ( PRODUCTION1 CAPITAL1 IT IS >GU$1 HAS TO /RIVE TO REE/ABLI% PRIVATE PROP]TY BY APPROPRIAT+1 5CLOS+1 CONTROLL+1 :AT IT IS CURR5TLY PRODUC$ '9 COMMON' 7,MULTITUDE1 PP4 #a#d#i2 #a#a#c74 ,9 TRY+ TO 9T]F]E & RE/RA9 ! FRE$OM ( 'COMMON' PRODUCTION1 H[EV]1 CAPITAL H9D]S ITS PRODUCTIVITY4 ,CAPITAL !N IS TRAPP$ 9 A CONTRADICTION3 ?AT BETWE5 ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! =CES ( 7IMMAT]IAL7 PRODUCTION & ! LOGIC ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

#a4#c ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR & SUBJECTIVITY 

,! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION S]VES ,NEGRI & ,H>DT TO HAVE ! CAKE ( ADOPT+ B\RGEOIS OBJECTIVI/IC !ORIES & TO EAT !M 9 A SUBJECTIVI/IC CU/>D4 

,! PO/-,=DI/ & 9=MATION !ORIES :I* >E TAK5 ONBO>D BY ,NEGRI & ,H>DT >E 9 FACT ESS5TIALLY DOCTR9ES ( AUTONOM\S TE*NOLOGY OR AUTONOM\S =MS ( PRODUCTION :]E TE*NOLOGY OR ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION >E ! PRIME MOV] ( HI/ORY & CAPABLE ( %AP+ SUBJECTIVITY & SOCIETY AS A :OLE4.<#a#e#f.> ,WE CAN APPRECIATE H[ ATTA*$ ,NEGRI & ,H>DT >E TO !SE !ORIES :5 WE READ1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT ! PRES5T 'P>ADIGM' ( PRODUCTION 'DICTATES'444 '\R WAYS ( UND]/&+ ! WORLD & ACT+ 9 IT' 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #a#d#b74 ,OR ?AT3 'PO/MOD]NISATION OR 9=MATIONALISATION TODAY M>KS A NEW WAY ( BECOM+ HUMAN' 7,EMPIRE1 P4 #b#h#i74 

,ON ! O!R H&1 :ILE TOY+ ) SU* OBJECTIVI/IC IDEAS1 ,NEGRI NE$S TO GIVE !M A RADICAL TWI/1 9 ORD] TO MAKE HIS !ORY EXCIT+ & TO BE TRUE TO HIS REVOLUTION>Y PA/4 ,BUT H[ CAN ,NEGRI REALIZE ?IS TWI/8 ,?ANKS1 WE SAY1 TO ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION4 

,9 FACT1 FIR/ ( ALL1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS ITSELF ! PRODUCT ( SUBJECTIVITY & CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9 FACT IT WAS BORN 9 ! '#fS & '#gS1 AS ! CLASS'S SUBJECTIVE1 AUTONOM\S1 EXP]IM5TATION ) 'NEW WAYS ( PRODUC+'4 ,CAPITAL WAS =C$ TO MOVE 9TO IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION TO DOM9ATE A NEW LABOR P[] ?AT HAD R$EF9$ ITSELF1 AUTONOM\SLY1 AS CREATIVE1 COMMUNICATIVE & AFFECTIVE 7,EMPIRE1 P4 #b#g#f74 

,SECOND1 ONCE E/ABLI%$ AS DOM9ANT PRODUCTION1 9 ITS ONGO+ PRACTICE IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION HAS A SUBJECTIVE1 AUTONOM\S1 DRIVE4 ,IT IS IMMAT]IAL1 IT IS ! RESULT ( \T ?\<TS1 ?US ! RESULT ( \R SUBJECTIVITIES & IT IS !N 9H]5TLY AUTONOM\S FROM CAPITAL4 ,) IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION LABOR MANIFE/S ITS AUTONOMY FROM CAPITAL1 :I* ,AUTONOMIA HAS ALWAYS SE5 HIDD5 BEH9D CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,AS ,WI!=D NOTICES3 

.<,=.> ,AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM 444 ! WORK] IS ! ACTIVE SUBJECT ( PRODUCTION1 ! WELL-SPR+ ( ! SKILLS1 9NOVATION & COOP]ATION ON :I* CAPITAL MU/ DRAW444 ,CAPITAL NE$S LABOR BUT LABOR DOES NOT NE$ CAPITAL4 ,LABOR444 CAN DISP5SE ) ! WAGE RELATION444 IT IS POT5TIALLY AUTONOM\S4 7,WI!=D1 ',AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM'1 P4 #h#i7 

,IMMAT]IAL LABOR H5CE PRODUCES A 'NEW' CONDITION 9 :I* SUBJECTIVITY HAS A C5TRAL ROLE AS A PRIME MOV] ( CAPITAL'S 9NOVATIONS1 TODAY4 

,HAV+ PROCLAIM$ ?AT PRODUCTION IS TODAY DRIV5 BY \R AUTONOM\S SUBJECTIVITY1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CAN CLAIM )\T APPE>+ OBJECTIVI/IC ?AT ! P>ADIGM ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION %APES \R SUBJECTIVITY 9 TURN4 ,:AT'S WRONG 9 SAY+ ?AT \R SUBJECTIVITY IS DET]M9$ BY SOME?+1 IF WE HAVE DISCOV]$ ?AT1 ULTIMATELY1 ?IS SOME?+ WAS CREAT$ BY \R SUBJECTIVITY ITSELF8 

,LA/LY1 CLASS /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITAL IS L$ BY SUBJECTIVITY TOO4 ,WE >E %AP$ BY PRODUCTION1 BUT1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT ADD 9 A G5]OSITY ( OV]DET]M9ATION1 'WORK]S' SUBJECTIVITY IS ALSO CREAT$ 9 ! ANTAGONISM ( ! EXP]I5CE ( EXPLOITATION' 7,MULTITUDE1 PP4 #a#e#a1 \R ITALIC74 

,EXPLOITATION8 ,DID !Y NOT SAY ?AT TODAY IMMAT]IAL LABOR IS DONE '9 COMMON1 AUTONOM\SLY FROM CAPITAL8 ,NEGRI IS CLE> 9DE$3 9 ! 'NEW' ]A ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION WE CAN NO LONG] SPEAK ( ! REAL SUBSUMPTION ( LABOR4 ,TODAY WE >E ALL FREE1 9DEP5D5T CRAFTSM51 ALL PRODUC+ ) \R [N MEANS ( PRODUCTION3 \R BRA94 ,IF N[1 ,NEGRI SAYS1 'WE HAVE ALL ! TOOLS WE NE$ TO WORK 9 \R HEADS444 .<!N.> CAPITALISM TODAY NE$S TO MAKE FREE M5 WORK -- FREE M5 :O HAVE !IR [N MEANS1 !IR [N TOOLS'4.<#a#e#g.> 

,BUT ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CANNOT D5Y ! UND5IABLE4 ,EXPLOITATION & CAPITALI/ CONTROL /ILL EXI/ -- ONLY1 !Y EXPLA9 TO ! 9CREAS+LY CONFUS$ READ]1 9 A NEW =M4 ,CAPITAL TODAY SUP]IMPOSES & APPROPRIATES :AT WE PRODUCE '9 COMMON'1 AS FREE & 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S4 ,AS ,NEGRI SAYS3 

,CAPITAL MU/444 SUP]IMPOSE ITSELF ON ! AUTONOM\S CAPABILITY ( MANUFACTUR+ KN[L$GE4444 ,?IS IS ! =M :I* EXPROPRIATION TAKES 9 ADVANC$ CAPITALISM 7,TONI ,NEGRI1 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,SUBV]SION3 ,A ,MANIFE/O = ! ,TW5TY ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 ,POLITY1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#i1 P4 #a#a#f7 

,9 ?IS CONCEPTION1 WE >E PETTY PRODUC]S -- OR IF WE PREF]1 AUTONOM\S PEASANTS -- :ILE CAPITAL ONLY ACTS AS A PR$ATOR1 AN >I/OCRAT :O COMES TO ! VILLAGE & APPROPRIATES A P>T 7'OR ALL'7 ( :AT WE HAVE PRODUC$4.<#a#e#h.> ,?IS NEW =M ( EXPLOITATION IS ! CAUSE ( ANTAGONISM1 A SUBJECTIVE SPR+ ( /RUGGLE4 

#a4#d ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR & VIABILITY ( REVOLUTION -- SELF-MANAGEM5T 

,& :AT AB\T ! FUTURE COMMUNI/ WORLD8 ,ALSO H]E ! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 ,?ANKS TO IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 REVOLUTION BECOMES SOME?+ FEASIBLE & RATIONAL4 

,H[8 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT EXPLA93 UNLIKE PREVI\S PRODUCTION1 ! RATIONALE & MEANS NECESS>Y = IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION >E 9CREAS+LY 9H]5T 9 LABOR PRACTICE ITSELF -- ?IS MEANS ?AT IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS ALREADY UND] \R CONTROL & ! CAPITALI/ ALREADY P>ASITICAL4 ,REVOLUTION AS SELF-MANAGEM5T IS ONLY ! NEXT FEASIBLE & RATIONAL /EP 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #c#c#f74 

,BEYOND PRODUCTION \R NEW SOCIETY AS A :OLE IS ALSO 9CREAS+LY AM5ABLE TO POLITICAL SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ?ANKS TO IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION4 ,?IS HAPP5S BECAUSE1 9 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S VIEW1 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS ALSO PRODUCTION ( LIFE1 BIOPOLITICAL PRODUCTION4 ,!IR LOGIC IS /RAI<T=W>D3 IF IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION IS 9CREAS+LY AUTONOM\S FROM CAPITAL1 SOCIETY AS A :OLE IS TOO1 BECAUSE PRODUCTION IS ONE ) PRODUCTION ( LIFE & SOCIETY4 ,?IS1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT TELL US1 HAPP5S N[1 UND] \R UNBELIEV+ EYES6.<#a#e#i.> ,9DE$ TODAY1 

,! BALANCE HAS TIPP$ SU* ?AT ! RUL$ N[ .<SIC.> T5D TO BE ! EXCLUSIVE PRODUC]S ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION444 ! RUL]S BECOME EV5 MORE P>ASITICAL ! RUL$ BECOME 9CREAS+LY AUTONOM\S1 CAPABLE ( =M+ SOCIETY ON !IR [N4444 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #c#c#f7.<#a#f.> 

,9 ?IS OPTIMI/IC VIEW1 ! REVOLUTION WILL BE ! LIB]ATION1 REA*$ AT A POLITICAL LEVEL1 ( ALREADY DEVELOP+ IMMAT]IAL =CES ( PRODUCTION & SOCIAL RELATIONS FROM ! P>ASITIC CONTROL ( ALREADY R$UNDANT CAPITALI/ RUL]S4 ,?IS K9D ( REVOLUTION APPE>S RATIONAL & VIABLE1 BE+ BAS$ ON SOME?+ ALREADY PRES5T4 

#a4#e ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR & A REASSUR+ NEW WORLD 

,REVOLUTION>Y !ORIES >E NORMALLY RA!R SC>Y -- BUT ?IS ONE IS REASSUR+1 ?ANKS TO IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION4 

,IT IS A !ORY :I* SPEAKS AB\T A FUTURE ?AT IS IMAG9ABLE1 ?US ACCEPTABLE3 ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT REQUIRE RADICAL SUBV]SIONS1 JUMPS 9 ! D>K1 TOO MU* IMAG9ATION OR O!R SU* UNCOM=TABLE ?+S4 ,9 ?IS VIEW ! FUTURE WILL SIMPLY BE ! COMPLETION ( ! PRES5T1 BAS$ ON ALREADY EXI/+ CONDITIONS CREAT$ BY IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION N[4.<#a#f#a.> 

,CRUCIALLY WE >E REASSUR$ ?AT ! FUTURE WILL BE DEMOCRATIC & EGALIT>IAN4 ,! PRES5T UN-DEMOCRACY & 9EQUALITY >E EFFECTS ( A DI/ORTION -- ( ! FACT ?AT CAPITAL OV]LAPS & *ANNELS \R PRODUCTION1 CREAT+ DESPOTISM & SPURI\S SELECTIVITY ON \R CAPACITIES1 ?US 9EQUALITY ( REW>DS4.<#a#f#b.> ,BUT ?IS IS NOT1 !Y 9SI/1 9H]5T 9 IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION 9 ITSELF4 ,9DE$1 ! RELATIONS CURR5TLY CREAT$ BY IMMAT]IAL PRODUCTION >E 'CIVIL PROCESSES ( DEMOCRATIC EX*ANGE'1 DEMOCRATIC 9 NATURE 7,MULTITUDE1 P4 #c#a#a7 & CONF] ON US 'EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ( /RUGGLE' -- & ?US ! EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO NEGOTIATE P[] 9 ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 

,! MO/ ATTRACTIVE ASPECT ( ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORY IS ?AT 'IMMAT]IAL LABOR HAS ! QUALITY TO BE AB\T UNQUE/IONABLY POSITIVE ?+S3 DEMOCRACY FIR/1 BUT ALSO CREATIVITY1 AFFECTIONS1 COMMUNICATION1 & SO ON4 ,COMMUNISM AS ! SELF MANAGEM5T ( ! PRES5T WILL BE BAS$ ON ALL !SE UNQUE/IONABLY GOOD ?+S4 ,:O W\LD NOT LIKE ! IDEA ( COMMUNISM IF ?IS MEANS LOTS ( GOOD ?+S8 

#a4#f ,IMMAT]IAL LABOR1 & ! NEW MOVEM5TS 

,! CONCEPT ( IMMAT]IAL LABOR ALSO S]VES ,NEGRI & ,H>DT TO APPEAL TO ?OSE FROM ! ADVANC$ WE/]N C\NTRIES 9VOLV$ 9 CURR5T ANTI-CAPITALI/ PROTE/S1 ! MOVEM5TS = GLOBAL 'SOCIAL JU/ICE'1 ETC4 

,9 ! PRES5T TIMES ( DEFEAT & WEAKNESS1 ! DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,G5OA & ,SEATTLE1 ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T1 & MANY L>GE OR SMALL RADICAL ACTIVITIES >E 9DE$ A DEMON/RATION ( P[]1 BUT !Y DO NOT1 BECAUSE !Y CANNOT1 *ALL5GE \R DAILY WORK RELATIONS & REPRODUCTION AS AN IMM$IATE T>GET4 

,?IS AUDI5CE WANTS TO HE> AB\T ! 5D ( CAPITALISM1 BUT ?R\< DEMOCRATIC VALUES & PRACTICES :I* >E ! ONLY VALUES & PRACTICES ?AT SEEM CONCEIVABLE 9 \R CONDITIONS4 ,AS WE HAVE SE5 ALREADY1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT CAN SATISFY !M ) !IR /RESS ON 'IDEAL' DEMOCRACY4 

,?IS AUDI5CE WANT A !ORY :I* EXPLA9S !IR /RUGGLES1 :I* >E NOT /RUGGLES = BREAD & BUTT]4 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT FIT ! BILL4 ,9 A 'NEW ]A' :I* FOCUSES ON IMMAT]IAL RA!R ?AN MAT]IAL GOODS1 IT IS NO SURPRISE ?AT ! NEW /RUGGLES >E NOT AB\T BREAD & BUTT] ISSUES ANYMORE1 BUT OV] ! CONTROL ( 'COMMUNICATIONAL RES\RCES'2 OV] '! COMMUNAL APPROPRIATION ( COMPUT] & M$IA NETWORKS1 OV] ! FREE+ ( $UCATIONAL & RESE>* RES\RCES444'4 7,WI!=D1 ',AUTONOMI/ ,M>XSIM'1 P4 #a#a7 ,OR WE CAN ALWAYS SEE ANY PRES5T /RUGGLE AS AN EXPRESSION ( 'BIOPOLITICAL' PRODUCTION ( COMMUNICATION & AFFECTS1 IF WE WANT TO4 

,9 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORY !SE 'NEW /RUGGLES' HAVE !N A C5TRALITY 9 HI/ORY1 !Y >E P>T ( ! V]Y REVOLUTION :I* LEADS US TO COMMUNISM4 ,= A PROTE/] :O IS TOLD BY ! ,M>XI/ ?AT :AT HE DOES IS HI/ORICALLY EPIPH5OM5AL1 ,NEGRI & ,H>DT'S !ORY IS ! BE/ DOCTR9E >\ND4 ,:AT CAN BE MORE EXCIT+ TO BE TOLD3 ',WELL DONE1 Y\ >E 9 ! DRIV+ SEAT ( ,HI/ORY'8 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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