,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #a ,! QUE/ = VALUE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 ,TEXT 3 #a4 ,! QUE/ = VALUE ,NO ,M>XI/ W\LD D5Y ?AT H\SEWORK & REPRODUCTIVE WORK >E FUNCTIONAL & NECESS>Y = ! :OLE PROCESS ( CAPITAL'S SELF-VALORIZATION4 ,:AT MAKES ,=TUNATI'S BOOK NEW OR *ALL5G+ IS ?AT IT AIMS TO CONV9CE ! READ] ?AT H\SEWORK IS A REAL EXP5DITURE ( AB/RACT LABOR TIME1 & A REAL CREATOR ( VALUE1 & ?AT ?IS CAN BE QUANTIFI$4 ,9 FACT1 ! >GUM5T ?AT WORK DONE \TSIDE PRODUCTION IS PRODUCTIVE IS A RECURR5T FOCUS 9 ,AUTONOMI/ !ORY4 ,9 ,READ+ ,CAPITAL ,POLITICALLY1 ,CLEAV] REM9D$ ! READ] ?AT AB/RACT LABOR & AB/RACT LABOR TIME 'MU/ BE GRASP$ 9 ! TOTALITY ( CAPITAL' 7P4 #a#a#h7 & ?AT 9 ! 'TOTAL SOCIAL MASS' ( AB/RACT LABOR & VALUE PRODUC$ 9 CAPITALISM !RE IS 'A DIRECT OR 9DIRECT CONTRIBUTION' FROM ANYBODY :O IS CO]C$ 9TO ANY =M ( WORK1 EI!R WAG$ OR UNWAG$1 9CLUD+ H\SEWORK 7PP4 #a#b#b-#a#b#c74 ,AL?\< ANY CO]C$ ACTIVITY CAN BE FUNCTIONAL TO ! VALORIZATION ( CAPITAL1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT IS AB/RACT LABOR & PRODUCES VALUE4 ,9 SAY+ ?AT1 ?IS CONTRIBUTION CAN BE '9DIRECT'1 ,CLEAV] LEAVES ! QUE/ION AMBIGU\SLY OP54.<#g#i.> ,H[EV]1 ?IS SUGGE/ION WAS LAT] TAK5 OV] & EXPLICITLY DEVELOP$ BY HIS /UD5T ,MASSIMO ,DE ,ANGELIS4 ,9 HIS >TICLE M5TION$ ABOVE1 ,DE ,ANGELIS ATTEMPT$ A LOGICAL 'DEMON/RATION' ?AT ANY ALI5AT$1 CO]C$ & B\NDLESS WORK AM\NTS TO AN EXP5DITURE ( AB/RACT LABOR & ?US CREATES VALUE = CAPITAL4 ,:Y IS IT SO IMPORTANT TO >GUE = ! CREATION ( VALUE \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION8 ,! REASON EXPRESSLY GIV5 BY ,=TUNATI &1 = EXAMPLE1 ,DE ,ANGELIS IS SIMIL>3 ?IS IS SOMEH[ ESS5TIAL TO EXPLA9 ! /RUGGLES ?AT MAY DEVELOP \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION AS WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,AS ,DE ,ANGELIS PUTS IT1 ! RECOGNITION ( A PRODUCTIVE ROLE ( ALL PROLET>IANS IS IMPORTANT = A !ORY ?AT CAN EXPLA9 & GIVE 'AN APPROPRIATE 9T]PRETATIVE FRAMEWORK' TO ! /RUGGLES ( ! NON-WAG$ AS WELL AS ! WAG$1 AS /RUGGLES AGA9/ CAPITAL 7P4 #a#b#b74 ,! CATEGORIES ( PRODUCTIVE1 UNPRODUCTIVE1 VALUE1 AB/RACT LABOR1 SEEM !N TO BE ESS5TIAL 9 ! POLITICAL 7OR MORAL87 EVALUATION ( ! ROLE & ANTAGONISM (F]$ BY SECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT4.<#h.> ,TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/S W\LD ?9K ?AT IT IS RA!R ODD TO USE ! CATEGORIES ?AT DESCRIBE ! DYNAMIC ( CAPITAL AS ANALYTICAL TOOLS TO 9T]PRET ! CLASS /RUGGLE OR AS 9DICATORS ( CLASS ANTAGONISM4 ,CAPITAL1 VALUE1 USE VALUE1 ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT1 ! LAWS ( ! M>KET1 ETC4 >E = !M CON/ITUTIVE ( AN OBJECTIVE REALITY ?AT CONDITIONS ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT >E 9DEP5D5T ( \R /RUGGLES & SUBJECTIVITY4 ,YET ,M>X HAD EXPLA9$ 9 ,CAPITAL ?AT !SE '?+S'1 REAL CON/RA9TS ON \R LIVES1 >E AN EXPRESSION ( A SOCIAL RELATION1 :I* APPE>S TO US 9 A MY/IFI$ =M1 AS 9DEP5D5T ( US4 ,A M]IT ( ,AUTONOMI/ !ORY WAS TO TRY TO OV]COME ?IS OBJECTIVI/IC UND]/&+ BY EMPHASIZ+ ! SUBJECTIVE DYNAMICS ( CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 BY CRITICIZ+ ! PURELY OBJECTIVI/IC & ECONOMICI/IC UND]/&+ ( CAPITALISM1 !Y OPPOSE TO ?IS READ+ ONE :I* IS PURELY SUBJECTIVI/IC3 CLASS /RUGGLE AS A CONFRONTATION BETWE5 TWO OPPOS+ & ,AUTONOM\S CONSCI\SNESSES1 CAPITAL & ! PROLET>IAT4.<#h#a.> ,9 ?IS READ+ CAPITAL & ITS OBJECTIVE CATEGORIES BECOME M]E OBJECTIFI$ PHANTOMS ( A PURELY SUBJECTIVE REALITY4 ,?US = EXAMPLE1 ,DE ,ANGELIS W>NS ! READ] ?AT :5 HE M5TIONS '! LAW ( VALUE' HE ACTUALLY MEANS ! 'IMPOSITION ( WORK & WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE 9 & AGA9/ CAPITAL' 7P4 #a#a#i74 ,= ,CLEAV]1 'USE VALUE'1 BEYOND BE+ ! PHYSICAL BODY ( ! COMMODITY 7:I* IS ! 'ECONOMICI/IC' PHANTOM71 HAS TO BE UND]/OOD PRIM>ILY AS A COMB9ATION ( QUALITIES SUBJECTIVELY RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! COMMODITY BY ! TWO SUBJECTS 9 /RUGGLE1 ! WORK+ CLASS & CAPITAL4 ,?IS WAY ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL BECOMES A COD$ MANUSCRIPT ?AT HAS TO BE DECIPH]$ BY LOOK+ AT ! SUBJECTIVE CLASS-/RUGGLE 'MEAN+S' ( ! CATEGORIES EMPLOY$ 9 IT2 :I* IS PRECISELY :AT ,CLEAV] ATTEMPT$ TO DO 9 ,READ+ ,CAPITAL ,POLITICALLY4 ,P]HAPS ?IS ONE-TO-ONE-RELATION ( SUBJECTIVE & OBJECTIVE CATEGORIES CAN EXPLA9 ! ,AUTONOMI/ OBSESSION = ! MO/ IMPROBABLE QUE/ AFT] ?AT ( ! PHILOSOPH]'S /ONE4 ,IF AB/RACT LABOR IS ! EXPRESSION ( A RELATION ( ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! DISPOSSESS$ & ! B\RGEOISIE1 !N PO9T+ AT ! VALUE PRODUC$ BY SECTORS ( ! PROLET>IAT BECOMES ESS5TIAL TO UND]/& !IR ANTAGONISM ) CAPITAL & !IR /RUGGLES4 ,9DE$1 H[ CAN Y\ EXPLA9 ! ANTAGONISM ( SECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT :O DO NOT CREATE VALUE1 IF ! EXP5DITURE ( AB/RACT VALUE1 ?US ! PRODUCTION ( VALUE1 IS Y\R LITMUS PAP] = DETECT+ CLASS ANTAGONISM8 ,9 ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 RECOGNIZ+ ALL ! PROLET>IAT AS 'PRODUCTIVE' BECOMES 9DISP5SABLE2 CONV]SELY1 A CATEGORIZATION ( WORK AS PRODUCTIVE OR UNPRODUCTIVE BECOMES A 'POLITICALLY DANG]\S' ?+ TO DO4.<#h#b.> ,! LIB]AT+ REALIZATION ?AT ! OBJECTIVE REALITY ( VALUE & ITS LAW IS ULTIMATELY RELAT$ TO \R SUBJECTIVITY1 ANTAGONISM & /RUGGLE1 IS !N TURN$ 9TO A !ORETICAL RIDDLE4 ,9 ,! ,>CANE ( ,REPRODUCTION ,=TUNATI SIMPLY APPLIES ?IS ,AUTONOMI/ APPROA* TO UND]/&+ & EVALUAT+ CLASS /RUGGLE AS AN AB/RACT RULE TO ! CASE ( FEMALE WORK & GIVES H] [N PECULI> CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS !ORETICAL RIDDLE1 AS WE WILL SEE LAT]4 ,!RE IS AN IMPORTANT PO9T ?AT ONE HAS TO /RESS H]E4 ,! !ORETICAL PROBLEM FAC$ BY ,=TUNATI1 ,CLEAV] & ,DE ,ANGELIS >ISES FROM !IR ATTEMPT TO SALVAGE ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( VALUE TOGE!R ) A SUBJECTIVI/IC CONCEPT ( 'VALUE' AS EXPRESSION ( POLITICAL P[] & CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS IS DIFF]5T FROM ! POSITION ( ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI1 :O 9 ! '#gS />T$ TO !ORIZE VALUE AS A PURELY SUBJECTIVE POLITICAL =CE1 '! COMM& ( CAPITAL'4 ,UNLIKE ,=TUNATI & ! O!RS1 ,NEGRI EXPLICITLY DI/ANCES HIMSELF FROM ! ,M>XIAN CONCEPTION ( VALUE4 ,HE JU/IFIES ?IS MOVE BY CLAIM+ ?AT !RE HAS BE5 AN HI/ORICAL *ANGE3 9 ! '#gS1 HE SAYS1 VALUE & ITS LAW W]E EFFECTIVELY SUPPRESS$ & REPLAC$ BY A POLITICAL1 DIRECT1 COMM& BY CAPITAL4.<#h#c.> ,9 HIS REC5T WORK ,EMPIRE1 ,NEGRI REIT]ATES HIS VIEW ?AT TODAY WE LIVE 9 A 'PO/MOD]N' WORLD 9 :I* CAPITAL IS NO LONG] 'ABLE TO R$UCE VALUE TO MEASURE' OR TO MAKE A 'DI/9CTION BETWE5 PRODUCTIVE1 REPRODUCTIVE & UNPRODUCTIVE LABOR' -- A WORLD :]E VALUE IS NOT ANYMORE ! RESULT ( AN EXP5DITURE ( AB/RACT LABOR1 BUT ONLY ! EXPRESSION ( 'PRODUCTION & REPRODUCTION ( SOCIAL LIFE' & ( ! P[] ( ! SY/EM1 ( ,EMPIRE 7P4 #d#b74 ,?IS 'VALUE' IS OBVI\SLY 'PRODUC$' BY ANYBODY :O CONTRIBUTES TO A G5]AL 'REPRODUCTION ( SOCIAL LIFE'4 ,!RE IS NO?+ TO 'DEMON/RATE' 9 ?IS CASE1 NO '=MULAS' TO CALCULATE1 NO COMPLEXITIES TO DIS5TANGLE4 ,BY DI/ANC+ HIMSELF FROM ,M>X & ADOPT+ A NON-,M>XIAN1 PO/MOD]NI/ DISC\RSE1 ,NEGRI HAS 9DE$ MADE HIS LIFE EASI] ?AN HIS ,AUTONOMI/-/ILL-,M>XIAN COLLEAGUES4.<#h#d.> ,DESPITE ! !ORETICAL PROBLEMS ?AT WE HAVE JU/ SE51 IS !RE SOME?+ TRUE 9 ! ,AUTONOMI/ 9SIE ?IS 9SI*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/