,ATT5TATS 

#aibd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,I REMEMB] ?AT ON ! OCCASION ( A MU* PUBLICIZ$ AN>*I/ ATT5TAT A SOCIALI/ ( ! FIR/ RANK JU/ BACK FROM FI<T+ 9 ! ,GRECO-,TURKI% W>1 %\T$ FROM ! H\SETOPS ) ! APPROVAL ( HIS COMRADES1 ?AT HUMAN LIFE IS ALWAYS SACR$ & MU/ NOT BE ?REAT5$1 NOT EV5 9 ! CAUSE ( FRE$OM4 ,IT APPE>$ ?AT HE ACCEPT$ ! LIVES ( ,TURKS & ! CAUSE ( ,GREEK 9DEP5D5CE4 ,ILLOGICALITY1 OR HYPOCRISY8.<#i#d.> 

,AN>*I/ VIOL5CE IS ! ONLY VIOL5CE ?AT IS JU/IFIABLE1 :I* IS NOT CRIM9AL4 ,I AM ( C\RSE SPEAK+ ( VIOL5CE :I* HAS TRULY AN>*I/ *>ACT]I/ICS1 & NOT ( ?IS OR ?AT CASE ( BL9D & UNREASON+ VIOL5CE :I* HAS BE5 ATTRIBUT$ TO AN>*I/S1 OR :I* P]HAPS HAS BE5 COMMITT$ BY REAL AN>*I/S DRIV5 TO FURY BY ABOM9ABLE P]SECUTIONS1 OR BL9D$ BY OV]S5SITIV5ESS1 UNCONTROLL$ BY REASON1 AT ! SI<T ( SOCIAL 9JU/ICES1 ( SUFF]+ = ! SUFF]+S ( O!RS4 

,REAL AN>*I/ VIOL5CE IS ?AT :I* CEASES :5 ! NECESSITY ( DEF5SE & LIB]ATION 5DS4 ,IT IS TEMP]$ BY ! AW>5ESS ?AT 9DIVIDUALS 9 ISOLATION >E H>DLY1 IF AT ALL1 RESPONSIBLE = ! POSITION !Y OCCUPY ?R\< H]$ITY & 5VIRONM5T2 REAL AN>*I/ VIOL5CE IS NOT MOTIVAT$ BY HATR$ BUT BY LOVE2 & IS NOBLE BECAUSE IT AIMS AT ! LIB]ATION ( ALL & NOT AT ! SUB/ITUTION ( ONE'S [N DOM9ATION = ?AT ( O!RS4 

,!RE IS A POLITICAL P>TY 9 ,ITALY :I*1 AIM+ AT HI<LY CIVILIZ$ 5DS1 SET ITSELF ! TASK ( EXT+UI%+ ALL CONFID5CE 9 VIOL5CE AMONG ! MASSES 444 & HAS SUCCE$$ 9 R5D]+ !M 9CAPABLE ( ANY RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! RISE ( FASCISM4 ,IT SEEM$ TO ME ?AT ,TURATI HIMSELF MORE OR LESS CLE>LY RECOGNIZ$ & LAM5T$ ! FACT 9 HIS SPEE* 9 ,P>IS COMMEMORAT+ ,JAURES4 

,! AN>*I/S >E )\T HYPOCRISY4 ,=CE MU/ BE RESI/$ BY =CE3 TODAY AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( TODAY2 TOMORR[ AGA9/ ?OSE :O MI<T REPLACE ?AT ( TODAY4.<#i#e.> 

,MC,K9LEY1 HEAD ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN OLIG>*Y1 ! 9/RUM5T & DEF5D] ( ! CAPITALI/ GIANTS1 ! BETRAY] ( ! ,CUBANS & ! ,FILIP9OS1 ! MAN :O AU?ORIZ$ ! MASSACRE ( ! /RIK]S ( ,HAZLETON1 ! TORTUR] ( ! WORK]S 9 ! 0MODEL REPUBLIC02 ,MC,K9LEY :O 9C>NAT$ ! MILIT>I/IC1 EXPANSIONI/ & IMP]IALI/ POLICIES ON :I* ! FAT ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE HAVE EMB>K$1 HAS FALL5 F\L ( AN AN>*I/'S REVOLV]4 

,IF WE FEEL AT ALL DI/RESS$ IT IS = ! FATE 9 /ORE = ! G5]\S-HE>T$ MAN1 :O OPPORTUNELY OR 9OPPORTUNELY1 = GOOD OR TACTICALLY BAD REASONS1 GAVE HIMSELF 9 :OLESALE SACRIFICE TO ! CAUSE ( EQUALITY & LIB]TY4444 

.<,IT MI<T BE >GU$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE CONDEMN$ ,CZOLGOSZ'S ACT.> ?AT ! WORK]S' CAUSE & ?AT ( ! REVOLUTION HAVE NOT BE5 ADVANC$2 ?AT ,MC,K9LEY IS SUCCE$$ BY HIS EQUAL1 ,ROOSEVELT1 & EV]Y?+ REMA9S UN*ANG$ EXCEPT ?AT ! SITUATION = AN>*I/S HAS BECOME A LITTLE MORE DIFFICULT ?AN BE=E4 ,& !Y MAY BE RI<T2 9DE$1 FROM :AT ,I KN[ ( ! ,AM]ICAN SC5E1 ?IS WILL MO/ LIKELY BE ! CASE4 

,:AT IT MEANS IS ?AT .<AS.> 9 W> !RE >E BRILLIANT AS WELL AS FALSE MOVES1 !RE >E CAUTI\S COMBATANTS AS WELL AS O!RS :O >E EASILY C>RI$ AWAY BY 5?USIASM & ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE AN EASY T>GET = ! 5EMY1 & MAY EV5 COMPROMISE ! POSITION ( !IR COMRADES4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT EA* ONE MU/ ADVISE1 DEF5D & PRACTICE ! ME?ODS :I* HE ?9KS MO/ SUITABLE TO A*IEVE VICTORY 9 ! %ORTE/ TIME & ) ! LEA/ SACRIFICE POSSIBLE2 BUT IT DOES NOT ALT] ! FUNDAM5TAL & OBVI\S FACT ?AT HE :O /RUGGLES1 WELL OR BADLY1 AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY & T[>DS ! SAME GOAL AS US1 IS \R FRI5D & HAS A RI<T TO EXPECT \R W>M SYMPA?Y EV5 IF WE CANNOT ACCORD HIM \R UNCONDITIONAL APPROVAL4 

,:E!R ! FI<T+ UNIT IS A COLLECTIVITY OR A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT *ANGE ! MORAL ASPECT ( ! PROBLEM4 ,AN >M$ 9SURRECTION C>RI$ \T 9OPPORTUNELY CAN PRODUCE REAL OR APP>5T H>M TO ! SOCIAL W> WE >E FI<T+1 JU/ AS AN 9DIVIDUAL ATT5TAT :I* ANTAGONIZES POPUL> FEEL+2 BUT IF ! 9SURRECTION WAS MADE TO CONQU] FRE$OM1 NO ONE WILL D>E D5Y ! SOCIO-POLITICAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! DEFEAT$ 9SURRECTIONI/S4 ,:Y %\LD IT BE ANY DIFF]5T :5 ! 9SURRECTIONI/ IS A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL8 444 

,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( DISCUSS+ TACTICS4 ,IF IT W]E1 ,I W\LD SAY ?AT 9 G5]AL ,I PREF] COLLECTIVE ACTION TO 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 ALSO BECAUSE COLLECTIVE ACTION DEM&S QUALITIES :I* >E FAIRLY COMMON & MAKES ! ALLOCATION ( TASKS MORE OR LESS POSSIBLE1 :]EAS ONE CANNOT C\NT ON H]OISM1 :I* IS EXCEPTIONAL & BY ITS NATURE SPORADIC1 CALL+ = 9DIVIDUAL SACRIFICE4 ,! PROBLEM H]E IS ( A HI<] ORD]2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 ( ?AT ALMO/ 9/9CTIVE FEEL+ ( HATR$ ( OPPRESSION1 )\T :I* PROGRAMS REMA9 DEAD LETT]S H[EV] LIB]T>IAN >E ! PROPOSALS !Y EMBODY2 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ?AT COMBATIVE SPIRIT1 )\T :I* EV5 AN>*I/S BECOME DOME/ICAT$ & 5D UP1 BY ONE ROAD OR ANO!R1 9 ! SL\< ( LEGALIT>IANISM4444.<#i#f.> 

,GAETANO ,BRESCI1 WORK] & AN>*I/1 HAS KILL$ ,HUMB]T1 K+4 ,TWO M53 ONE DEAD PREMATURELY1 ! O!R CONDEMN$ TO A LIFE ( TORM5T :I* IS A ?\S& TIMES WORSE ?AN DEA?6 ,TWO FAMILIES PLUNG$ 9TO SADNESS6 

,:OSE FAULT IS IT8 444 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT IF ONE TAKES 9TO CONSID]ATION SU* FACTORS AS H]$ITY1 $UCATION & SOCIAL BACKGR\ND1 ! P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY ( ?OSE 9 P[] IS MU* R$UC$ & P]HAPS EV5 NON-EXI/5T4 ,BUT !N IF ! K+ IS NOT RESPONSIBLE = HIS COMMISSIONS & OMISSIONS2 IF 9 SPITE ( ! OPPRESSION1 ! DISPOSSESSION1 & ! MASSACRE ( ! PEOPLE C>RI$ \T 9 HIS NAME1 HE %\LD HAVE CONT9U$ TO OCCUPY ! HI<E/ PLACE 9 ! C\NTRY1 :Y EV] !N %\LD ,BRESCI HAVE TO PAY ) A LIFE ( 9DESCRIBABLE SUFF]+1 = AN ACT :I*1 H[EV] MI/AK5 SOME MAY JUDGE IT1 NO ONE CAN D5Y WAS 9SPIR$ BY ALTRUI/IC 9T5TIONS8 

,BUT ?IS BUS9ESS ( SEEK+ TO PLACE ! RESPONSIBILITY :]E IT BELONGS IS ONLY ( SECOND>Y 9T]E/ TO US4 

,WE DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! RI<T TO PUNI%2 WE REJECT ! IDEA ( REV5GE AS A B>B>\S S5TIM5T4 ,WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( BE+ EI!R EXECUTION]S OR AV5G]S4 ,IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! ROLE ( LIB]ATORS & PEACEMAK]S IS MORE NOBLE & POSITIVE4 ,TO K+S1 OPPRESSORS & EXPLOIT]S WE W\LD WILL+LY EXT5D \R H&1 IF ONLY !Y WI%$ TO BECOME M5 AMONG O!R M51 EQUALS AMONG EQUALS4 ,BUT SO LONG AS !Y 9SI/ ON PR(IT+ FROM ! SITUATION AS IT EXI/S & TO DEF5D IT ) =CE1 ?US CAUS+ ! M>TYRDOM1 ! WRET*$NESS & ! DEA? ?R\< H>D%IPS ( MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S1 WE >E OBLIG$1 WE HAVE A DUTY TO OPPOSE =CE ) =CE4444 

,WE KN[ ?AT !SE ATT5TATS1 ) ! PEOPLE 9SUFFICI5TLY PREP>$ = !M1 >E /]ILE & (T51 BY PROVOK+ REACTIONS :I* ONE IS UNABLE TO CONTROL1 PRODUCE MU* SORR[1 & H>M ! V]Y CAUSE !Y W]E 9T5D$ TO S]VE4 

,WE KN[ ?AT :AT IS ESS5TIAL & UND\BT$LY USEFUL IS NOT JU/ TO KILL A K+1 ! MAN1 BUT TO KILL ALL K+S--?OSE ( ! ,C\RTS1 ( P>LIAM5TS & ( ! FACTORIES--9 ! HE>TS & M9DS ( ! PEOPLE2 ?AT IS1 TO UPROOT FAI? 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY TO :I* MO/ PEOPLE [E ALLEGIANCE4.<#i#g.> 

,I DO NOT NE$ TO REPEAT MY DISAPPROVAL & HORROR = ATT5TATS SU* AS ?AT ( ! ,DIANA1 :I* BESIDES BE+ BAD 9 !MSELVES >E ALSO /UPID1 BECAUSE !Y 9EVITABLY H>M ! CAUSE !Y W\LD WI% TO S]VE4 ,& ,I HAVE NEV] FAIL$ TO PROTE/ /RONGLY1 :5EV] SIMIL> ACTS HAVE TAK5 PLACE & ESPECIALLY :5 IT HAS TURN$ \T ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ BY AU!NTIC AN>*I/S4 ,I HAVE PROTE/$ :5 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] = ME TO REMA9 SIL5T1 BECAUSE MY PROTE/ WAS 9SPIR$ BY SUP]IOR REASONS ( PR9CIPLES & TACTICS1 & BECAUSE ,I HAD A DUTY TO DO SO1 S9CE !RE >E PEOPLE GIFT$ ) LITTLE P]SONAL CRITICAL S5SE1 :O ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE GUID$ BY :AT ,I SAY4 ,BUT N[ IT IS NOT A CASE ( JUDG+ ! FACT1 & DISCUSS+ :E!R IT WAS A GOOD OR BAD ?+ TO HAVE DONE1 OR :E!R SIMIL> ACTIONS %\LD OR %\LD NOT BE REPEAT$4 ,N[ IT IS A QUE/ION ( JUDG+ M5 ?REAT5$ ) A PUNI%M5T A ?\S& TIMES WORSE ?AN ! DEA? P5ALTY2 & SO ONE MU/ EXAM9E :O !SE M5 >E1 :AT W]E !IR 9T5TIONS & ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* !Y ACT$4.<#i#h.> 

444 ,I SAID ?AT ?OSE ASSASS9S >E ALSO SA9TS & H]OES2 & ?OSE ( MY FRI5DS :O PROTE/ AGA9/ MY /ATEM5T DO SO 9 HOMAGE TO ?OSE :OM !Y CALL ! REAL SA9TS & H]OES1 :O1 IT W\LD SEEM1 NEV] MAKE MI/AKES4 

,I CAN DO NO MORE ?AN CONFIRM :AT ,I SAID4 ,:5 ,I ?9K ( ALL ?AT ,I HAVE LE>N$ AB\T ,M>IANI & ,AGUGG9I2 :5 ,I ?9K :AT GOOD SONS & BRO!RS !Y W]E1 & :AT AFFECTIONATE & DEVOT$ COMRADES !Y W]E 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 ALWAYS READY TO TAKE RISKS & TO MAKE SACRIFICES :5 !RE WAS URG5T NE$1 ,I BEMOAN !IR FATE1 ,I BEMOAN ! DE/9Y ?AT HAS TURN$ ?OSE F9E & NOBLE BE+S 9TO ASSASS9S4 

,I SAID ?AT ONE DAY !Y WILL BE PRAIS$--,I DID NOT SAY ?AT ,I W\LD PRAISE !M2 & !Y WILL BE PRAIS$ BECAUSE1 AS HAS HAPP5$ ) SO MANY O!RS1 ! BRUTAL ACTION1 ! PASSION ?AT MISL$ !M WILL BE =GOTT51 & ONLY ! IDEA :I* 9SPIR$ !M & ! M>TYRDOM :I* MADE !M SACROSANCT WILL BE REMEMB]$4 

,I DON'T WANT TO GET 9VOLV$ 9 HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES2 BUT ,I C\LD IF ,I WI%$ F9D 9 ! HI/ORY ( ALL CONSPIRACIES & REVOLUTIONS1 9 ?AT ( ! ,ITALIAN ,RISORGIM5TO AS WELL AS 9 \R [N1 A ?\S& EXAMPLES ( M5 :O HAVE COMMITT$ ACTIONS AS BAD & AS /UPID AS ?AT ( ! ,DIANA & YET :O >E PRAIS$ BY !IR RESPECTIVE P>TIES1 BECAUSE 9 FACT ONE =GETS ! ACTION & REMEMB]S ! 9T5TION1 & ! 9DIVIDUAL BECOMES A SYMBOL & ! EV5T IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A LEG5D4 

,YES1 !RE >E SA9TS & H]OES :O >E ASSASS9S2 !RE >E ASSASS9S :O >E SA9TS & H]OES4 

,! HUMAN M9D IS REALLY MO/ COMPLICAT$1 & !RE IS A DISEQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 :AT ONE CALLS HE>T & :AT IS CALL$ BRA91 BETWE5 AFFECTIVE QUALITIES & ! 9TELLECTUAL FACULTIES1 :I* PRODUCES ! MO/ UNPR$ICTABLE RESULTS & MAKES POSSIBLE ! MO/ /RIK+ CONTRADICTIONS 9 HUMAN BEHAVIOR4 ,! W> VOLUNTE] 9EBRIAT$ BY PATRIOTIC PROPAG&A1 CONV9C$ ( S]V+ ! CAUSE ( JU/ICE & CIVILIZATION1 & PREP>$ = ! SUPREME SACRIFICE1 :O RAG$ AGA9/ ! 05EMY0--,ITALIAN AGA9/ ,AU/RIAN1 OR VICE V]SA--& DI$ 9 ! ACT ( KILL+1 WAS UND\BT$LY A H]O1 BUT A H]O :O WAS UNCONSCI\SLY AN ASSASS94 

,TORQUEMADA :O TORTUR$ O!RS AS WELL AS HIMSELF TO S]VE ,GOD & TO SAVE S\LS1 WAS BO? A SA9T & AN ASSASS94444 

,IT C\LD EASILY BE >GU$ ?AT ! SA9T & ! H]O >E ALMO/ ALWAYS UNBALANC$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,BUT !N EV]Y?+ W\LD BE R$UC$ TO A QUE/ION ( WORDS1 TO A QUE/ION ( DEF9ITION4 ,:AT IS A SA9T8 ,:AT IS A H]O8 

,5\< ( HAIRSPLITT+4 

,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS TO AVOID CONFUS+ ! ACT ) ! 9T5TIONS1 & 9 CONDEMN+ ! BAD ACTIONS NOT TO OV]LOOK DO+ JU/ICE TO ! GOOD 9T5TIONS4 ,& NOT ONLY ON ! GR\NDS ( RESPECT = ! TRU?1 OR HUMAN PITY1 BUT ALSO = REASONS ( PROPAG&A1 = ! PRACTICAL REP]CUSSIONS ?AT \R JUDGM5T MAY HAVE4 

,!RE >E1 &1 SO LONG AS PRES5T CONDITIONS & ! 5VIRONM5T ( VIOL5CE 9 :I* WE LIVE LA/1 !RE WILL ALWAYS BE G5]\S M51 :O >E REBELLI\S & OV]S5SITIVE1 BUT :O LACK SUFFICI5T P[]S ( REFLECTION & :O 9 C]TA9 SITUATIONS ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE C>RI$ AWAY BY PASSION & /RIKE \T BL9DLY4 ,IF WE DO NOT OP5LY RECOGNIZE ! GOODNESS ( !IR 9T5TIONS1 IF WE DO NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 ]ROR & WICK$NESS1 WE LOSE ANY MORAL 9FLU5CE OV] !M & AB&ON !M TO !IR BL9D IMPULSES4 ,IF 9/EAD1 WE PAY HOMAGE TO !IR GOODNESS1 !IR C\RAGE & S5SE ( SACRIFICE1 WE CAN REA* !IR M9DS ?R\< !IR HE>TS1 & 5SURE ?AT ?OSE VALUABLE /OREH\SES ( 5]GY %ALL BE US$ 9 AN 9TELLIG5T & GOOD1 AS WELL AS USEFUL1 WAY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! .<COMMON.> CAUSE4.<#i#i.> 

.<#i#d.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #aibd 

.<#i#e.> ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA1 ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #aibd 

.<#i#f.> L',AGITAZIONE1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #aia 

.<#i#g.> 0,CAUSA $ ,EFFETTI10 ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #ai 

.<#i#h.> ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,DECEMB] #a#h1 #aiba 

.<#i#i.> ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 ,DECEMB] #b#d1 #aiba 

7,S\RCE3 ,TEXT FROM ,LIFE & ,IDEAS3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,WRIT+S ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 #bae ,$ITION1 $IT$ & TRANSLAT$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 PUBLI%$ BY ,P,M ,PRESS -- PLEASE SUPPORT ! PUBLI%]67 

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