,ANO!R ,>T ,WORLD 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

 ,P>T #a3 ,>T ,COMMUNISM & ,>TIFICIAL ,SC>CITY 

,WE W\LD LIKE TO (F] SOME 9ITIAL ?\<TS ON EXACTLY H[ ! >T WORLD CAN OP]ATE SIMULTANE\SLY AS A DREAM ( LIB]ATION1 & A /RUCTURE ( EXCLUSION2 H[ ITS GUID+ PR9CIPLE IS BO? ?AT EV]YONE %\LD REALLY BE AN >TI/1 & ?AT ?IS IS ABSOLUTELY & IRREVOCABLY NOT ! CASE4 ,! >T WORLD IS /ILL F\ND$ ON ,ROMANTIC PR9CIPLES2 !SE HAVE NEV] GONE AWAY2 BUT ! ,ROMANTIC LEGACY CONTA9S TWO NOTIONS1 ONE1 A K9D ( DEMOCRATIC NOTION ( G5IUS AS AN ESS5TIAL ASPECT ( ANY HUMAN BE+1 EV5 IF IT CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ 9 SOME COLLECTIVE WAY1 & ANO!R1 ?AT ?OSE ?+S ?AT REALLY MATT] >E ALWAYS ! PRODUCT ( SOME 9DIVIDUAL H]OIC G5IUS4 ,! >T WORLD1 ESS5TIALLY1 DANGLES ! <O/ ( ONE SO AS TO ULTIMATELY1 AGGRESSIVELY1 9SI/ ON ! O!R4 

,9 ,MAY #b#a#i1 JU/ M>RI$ A WEEK BE=E1 WE >RIV$ AT ! ,V5ICE ,BI5NALE4 ,IT WASN'T EXACTLY A HONEYMOON2 OR IF IT WAS1 IT WAS MORE A WORK+ HONEYMOON3 WE HAD ! IDEA TO MAKE ! ,BI5NALE ! BASIS ( \R FIR/ JO9T WRIT+ PROJECT1 ?\< WE W]5'T SURE PRECISELY :AT ?AT PROJECT WAS GO+ TO BE4 

,WE SP5T MU* ( \R FIR/ DAY 9 ! ,>S5ALE--A NE>LY ?\S&-YE>-OLD /RUCTURE REPUT$ TO HAVE ONCE HELD ONE ( ! WORLD'S FIR/ >MS FACTORIES--TRY+ TO GET PA/ ! GU>DS4 ,APP>5TLY !RE W]E LEVELS & DEGREES ( PRESS ACCESS1 & IT WAS NECESS>Y TO NEGOTIATE \R WAY ?R\< A COMPLEX SY/EM ( AU?ORIZATION NUMB]S1 B> CODES1 & COLOR-COD$ PASSES1 5C\NT]+ A V>IETY ( SECURITY P]SONNEL ) DIFF]5T BADGES & UNI=MS & MEANS ( COMMUNICATION MANN+ PHYSICAL & CONCEPTUAL B>RI]S4 ,SCORES ( WELL-DRESS$ P>TICIPANTS /OOD DUTIFULLY 9 L9E1 >GU$ 9 A DOZ5 LANGUAGES1 %UFFL$ FROM ROOM TO ROOM1 RECUP]AT$ 9 SPECIALLY PROVID$ CAFE BOOK%OPS :ILE /RATEGIZ+ OV] D9N] 9VITATIONS OR BORR[$ ,I,D C>DS1 OR ASSESS+ ! RELATIVE IMPORTANCE ( ! P>TIES !Y'D BE ATT5D+ LAT] 9 ! DAY4 ,!RE WAS AN EXTRAORD9>Y LACK ( HUMOR AB\T ! :OLE BUS9ESS4 ,PEOPLE W]E FLU/]$1 /OIC1 SELF-RI<TE\S1 9T5T2 ALMO/ NO ONE1 9 ?IS CA!DRAL ( IRONY1 SEEM$ BEMUS$4 

,! S]I\SNESS6 ,IT SEEM$ IMPORTANT TO E/ABLI% ?AT SOME?+ ( GREAT CONSEQU5CE WAS HAPP5+ H]E4 ,IT WAS NOT CLE> :Y4 ,JU/ AS !RE WAS NO OBVI\S REASON TO PROLIF]ATE MULTIPLE DEGREES ( ADVANC$ ACCESS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 !RE WAS NO REASON = EV]YONE ELSE TO FEEL SO 9VE/$ 9 ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,IT ONLY REALLY MADE S5SE IF EXCLUSION WAS ITSELF ONE ( ! MA9 OBJECTS BE+ PRODUC$3 IT WAS NOT JU/ ?AT EV]YONE WAS PLAY+ A GAME :OSE RULES W]E %IFT+ & OPAQUE1 IT SEEM$ IMPORTANT ?AT ALL PLAY]S1 EV5 ! HAU<TIE/ OLIG>* OR MO/ CONSUMMATE BROK]1 /OOD AT LEA/ OCCASIONALLY 9 DANG] ( BE+ FOIL$ & HUMILIAT$4 ,OR AT ! V]Y LEA/ FLU/]$ & ANNOY$4 

,! >T WORLD1 = ALL ! IMPORTANCE ( ITS MUSEUMS1 9/ITUTES1 F\NDATIONS1 UNIV]SITY DEP>TM5TS1 & ! LIKE1 IS /ILL ORGANIZ$ PRIM>ILY >\ND ! >T M>KET4 ,! >T M>KET 9 TURN IS DRIV5 BY F9ANCE CAPITAL4 ,BE+ ! WORLD'S LEA/ REGULAT$ M>KET AMONG %ADY BUS9ESSES1 TAX %ELT]S1 SCAMS1 MONEY LAUND]+1 ETC41 ! >T WORLD MI<T BE SAID TO REPRES5T A K9D ( EXP]IM5TAL GR\ND = ! HAMM]+-\T ( A C]TA9 IDEAL ( FRE$OM APPROPRIATE TO ! CURR5T RULE ( F9ANCE CAPITAL4 

,A CASE CAN C]TA9LY BE MADE ?AT CONTEMPOR>Y >T IS 9 EFFECT AN EXT5SION ( GLOBAL F9ANCE 7:I* IS ITSELF1 ( C\RSE1 CLOSELY TI$ TO EMPIRE74 ,>TSY NEI<BORHOODS T5D TO CLU/] >\ND ! F9ANCIAL DI/RICTS ( MAJOR CITIES4 ,>TI/IC 9VE/M5T FOLL[S ! SAME LOGIC AS F9ANCIAL SPECULATION4 ,/ILL--IF CONTEMPOR>Y >T W]E SIMPLY AN EXT5SION ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 WORKS DESIGN$ TO LOOK GOOD 9 BANKS1 OR 9 BANK]S' HOMES1 :Y %\LD WE EV5 C>E8 ,IT'S NOT AS IF CULTURAL CRITICS SP5D A LOT ( TIME DEBAT+ ! LATE/ DESIGN TR5DS 9 LUXURY YA*TS4 ,:Y %\LD *ANG+ TR5DS 9 DECORATIVE OBJECTS ?AT ! [N]S ( SU* YA*TS LIKE TO PLACE 9 !IR SITT+ ROOMS BE CONSID]$ RELEVANT1 9 ANY WAY1 TO ! LIVES OR ASPIRATIONS ( BUS DRIV]S1 MAIDS1 BAUXITE M9]S1 TELEM>KET]S1 OR PRETTY MU* ANYONE \TSIDE ! *>M$ CIRCLE ( ! 0>T WORLD0 ITSELF8 

,!RE >E TWO TRADITIONAL WAYS TO ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION & !Y PULL 9 OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y >T DEF9ES ! V]Y P9NACLE ( A MU* L>G] /RUCTURE ( ES!TIC VALUE1 :I* ULTIMATELY 5COMPASSES ALL =MS ( MEAN+-MAK+ & CULTURAL EXPRESSION1 & !RE=E PLAYS A KEY ROLE 9 REPRODUC+ ! L>G] /RUCTURE ( SOCIAL RELATIONS :I* 5SURE DRIV]S1 MAIDS1 M9]S1 & TELEM>KET]S WILL CONT9UE TO BE TOLD !IR LIVES & CONC]NS >E UN9T]E/+ & UNIMPORTANT1 & RELEGATE ! ES!TIC =MS & CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS ?AT SPEAK TO !IR HE>TS TO SECOND- OR ?IRD-TI] /ATUS4 

,:ILE CO-OPT$ BY ! RI*1 AS WELL AS PUBLIC & PRIVATE MANAG]S & BUREAUCRATS1 CONTEMPOR>Y >T /ILL EMBODIES1 OR IS EV5 ! PRIM>Y EMBODIM5T1 ( ALT]NATIVE CONCEPTIONS ( VALUE ?AT HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO EXPLODE ?AT L>G] /RUCTURE ( SOCIAL RELATIONS1 & ?AT >E EI!R UNAVAILABLE1 OR NOT NE>LY SO READILY AVAILABLE1 ANY:]E ELSE4 

,OBVI\SLY BO? ( !SE ?+S PROBABLY CAN BE & >E TRUE AT ! SAME TIME4 ,IT MI<T EV5 BE SAID ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( >T IS A L>GE P>T ( :AT MAKES IT SO EFFECTIVE AS A PR9CIPLE ( CONTROL4 ,EV5 *ILDR5 ( RAGPICK]S1 SWEAT%OP LABOR]S1 & REFUGEES1 AFT] ALL1 >E MO/LY S5T TO S*OOL1 :]E !Y >E EXPOS$ TO ! WORKS ( ,DA ,V9CI & ,PICASSO1 PLAY ) PA9TS1 LE>N ?AT >T & CULTURE >E ! HI<E/ A*IEVEM5TS ( HUMANITY & P]HAPS ! MO/ OBVI\S JU/IFICATION = HUMANITY'S CONT9U$ EXI/5CE ON ! PLANET 7DESPITE ALL ! DAMAGE WE 9FLICT72 !Y >E TAU<T TO ASPIRE TO LEAD LIVES :]E !IR *ILDR5 CAN LIVE 9 COM=T SO ?AT !IR *ILDR5'S *ILDR5 CAN PURSUE =MS ( CREATIVE EXPRESSION4 ,& = ! MO/ P>T1 S9CE ?AT IS ! GAME EV]YONE IS PLAY+1 !Y DO ASPIRE TO SU* ?+S4 ,! WORLD'S CITIES >E FULL ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O DO SEE A LIFE ( EXPRESSION AS ! ULTIMATE =M ( FRE$OM1 & EV5 ?OSE :O DREAM ( BECOM+ SOAP OP]A />S OR HIP-HOP VIDEO PRODUC]S RECOGNIZE ?AT AS ?+S >E CURR5TLY ORGANIZ$1 ! 0>T WORLD0 IS ! CR[N+ HEI<T ( ?AT L>G] DOMA9 ( 0>TS10 & AS SU*1 ITS REGULATORY PR9CIPLE1 ?AT :I* HOLDS ! ELABORATE RANKS & HI]>*IES ( G5RES & =MS ( >T--SO /RANGELY REM9ISC5T ( E>LI] RANKS & HI]>*IES ( ANGELS--9 !IR PROP] PLACE4 ,?IS REMA9S TRUE EV5 = ?OSE :O HAVE NO?+ BUT BEMUS$ CONTEMPT = ! V]Y IDEA ( CONTEMPOR>Y >T1 OR >E 5TIRELY UNAW>E ( IT1 9S(> AS !Y EXI/ )9 A WORLD :]E ?OSE :O PRODUCE ! =MS ( >TI/IC EXPRESSION !Y DO APPRECIATE1 OR !IR *ILDR51 9S(> AS !Y ASPIRE TO MOVE UP 9 ! WORLD1 WILL NECESS>ILY HAVE TO EXI/ 9 A WORLD :]E CONTEMPOR>Y >T IS SE5 AS ! PURE/ EXPRESSION ( HUMAN CREATIVITY--& CREATIVITY AS ! ULTIMATE VALUE4 

,! EASIE/ WAY TO MEASURE ! /UBBORN C5TRALITY ( SU* /RUCTURES1 P]HAPS1 IS TO CONSID] H[ DIFFICULT IT IS TO GET RID ( !M4 ,ATTEMPTS >E ALWAYS BE+ MADE4 ,!RE ALWAYS SEEMS TO BE SOMEONE 9 ! >T WORLD TRY+ TO CREATE P>TICIPATORY PROGRAMS1 EXPLODE ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 HI< & L[ G5RES1 9CLUDE MEMB]S ( M>G9ALIZ$ GR\PS AS PRODUC]S OR AUDI5CES OR EV5 PATRONS4 ,SOMETIMES1 !Y DRAW A LOT ( ATT5TION4 ,ALWAYS 9 ! 5D !Y FADE AWAY & DIE1 LEAV+ ?+S MORE OR LESS EXACTLY AS !Y W]E BE=E4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS & '#hS1 = EXAMPLE1 !RE WAS A CONC]T$ EF=T 9 ,AM]ICA TO *ALL5GE ! BORD] BETWE5 HI< >T & POPUL> MUSIC1 EV5 TO ! PO9T :]E A FEW ( ! >TI/S 7,BRIAN ,5O1 ,TALK+ ,HEADS1 ,LAURIE ,&]SON1 ,JEFFREY ,LOHN7 ACTUALLY DID CREATE WORK ?AT HIT ! *>TS1 & PLAY$ TO SOLD-\T !AT]S FULL ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O HAD NEV] HE>D ( ,HUGO ,BALL OR ,ROB]T ,RAUS*5B]G4 ,CRITICS DECL>$ ?AT ! V]Y IDEA ( HI< & L[ G5RES WAS QUICKLY DISSOLV+ AWAY4 ,BUT IT WASN'T TRUE4 ,9 A FEW YE>S1 IT WAS ALL JU/ ANO!R =GOTT5 MUSICAL TR5D1 AN ODD SIDEB> 9 ! HI/ORY ( ROCK 'N' ROLL4 

,H>DLY SURPRIS+ P]HAPS1 S9CE ! >T M>KET1 & ! MUSIC 9DU/RY1 ALWAYS OP]AT$ ON 5TIRELY DIFF]5T ECONOMIC PR9CIPLES3 ! ONE MA9LY F9ANC$ BY RI* COLLECTORS & GOV]NM5TS1 ! O!R BY MASS M>KET+ TO ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,/ILL1 IF !RE WAS A REAL *ALL5GE TO ! LOGIC ( EXCLUSION ANY:]E 9 ! >TS1 DUR+ ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 IT WAS PRECISELY 9 ! DOMA9 ( MUSIC1 :]E A DEFIANT TRADITION FROM FOLK TO ROCK & PUNK & HIP-HOP ACTUALLY CAME CLOSE/ TO REALIZ+ ! OLD AVANT-G>DE DREAM ?AT EV]YONE C\LD BE AN >TI/--?\< ONE CAN1 ( C\RSE1 DEBATE PRECISELY H[ CLOSE ?IS REALLY CAME4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 IT E/ABLI%$ ! IDEA ?AT CREATIVITY IS A PRODUCT ( SMALL COLLECTIVES AS EASILY AS 9DIVIDUAL AUTEURS4 ,ALL ?IS HAPP5$1 SIGNIFICANTLY1 AT A C]TA9 DI/ANCE FROM ACTUAL SELF-PROCLAIM$ >TI/IC AVANT-G>DES2 & IT IS TELL+ ?AT ! BRIEF MUTUAL FLIRTATION ) ! >T WORLD 9 ! EI<TIES WAS A PRELUDE TO A BACKLA% ?AT LEFT MUSIC F> MORE CORPORATIZ$1 9DIVIDUALIZ$1 & ) F> FEW] SPACES = EXP]IM5TATION ?AN IT HAD S9CE AT LEA/ ! #a#i#eS4 

,ANY M>KET ( C\RSE MU/ NECESS>ILY OP]ATE ON A PR9CIPLE ( SC>CITY4 ,9 A WAY1 ! >T M>KET & ! MUSIC 9DU/RY FACE SIMIL> PROBLEMS3 MAT]IALS >E MO/LY *EAP & TAL5T IS WIDESPREAD2 !RE=E1 = PR(ITS TO BE MADE1 SC>CITY HAS TO BE PRODUC$4 ,( C\RSE1 9 ! >T WORLD1 ?IS IS :AT ! CRITICAL APP>ATUS IS L>GELY AB\T3 ! PRODUCTION ( SC>CITY2 :I* IS1 9 TURN1 :Y EV5 ! MO/ S9C]ELY RADICAL ANTI-CAPITALI/ CRITICS1 CURATORS1 & GALL]I/S WILL T5D TO DRAW ! L9E AT ! POSSIBILITY ?AT EV]YONE REALLY C\LD BE AN >TI/1 EV5 9 ! MO/ DIFFUSE POSSIBLE S5SE4 ,! >T WORLD REMA9S OV]:ELM+LY A WORLD ( H]OIC 9DIVIDUALS1 EV5 :5 IT CLAIMS TO E*O ! LOGIC ( MOVEM5TS & COLLECTIVES--EV5 :5 ! O/5SIBLE AIM ( ?OSE COLLECTIVES IS TO ANNIHILATE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 >T & LIFE4 ,EV5 ! ,DADAI/S & ,SURREALI/S >E REMEMB]$ TODAY AS A H&FUL ( ROMANTIC G5IUSES1 :ATEV] !Y MI<T HAVE CLAIM$ TO BE AB\T4 

,IT IS ALSO NOTEWOR?Y ?AT ! ONLY TIME A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( PEOPLE BELIEV$ ?AT /RUCTURES ( EXCLUSION REALLY W]E DISSOLV+1 ?AT A SOCIETY 9 :I* EV]YONE C\LD BECOME AN >TI/ WAS ACTUALLY CONCEIVABLE1 OCCURR$ 9 ! MID/ ( SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS :5 IT WAS G5U9ELY BELIEV$ ?AT CAPITALISM WAS 9 ITS DEA? SPIRALS1 & M>KETS !MSELVES W]E AB\T TO BECOME A ?+ ( ! PA/4 ,MANY ( !SE TR5DS1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 EM]GE DIRECTLY FROM ,RUSSIA1 :]E ! P]IOD FROM ! REVOLUTION ( #aie TO ! AVANT-G>DE HEYDAY ( ! #a#i#bS SAW AN ALMO/ BRUTAL EFFLORESC5CE ( NEW IDEAS ( :AT >TI/IC COMMUNISM MI<T BE LIKE4 

,>T ,COMMUNISM 

,9 A ,COMMUNE EV]YONE IS A CREATOR4 ,EV]Y ,MAN %\LD BE AN >TI/1 EV]Y?+ CAN BECOME F9E >T4 

--,OSIP ,BRIK 

,CONSID] ! CASE ( ,KAZIMIR ,MALEVI*1 :O >RIV$ 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #aid FROM ! H9T]L& ( ,UKRA9E TO BECOME ONE ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL !ORI/S ( TW5TIE?-C5TURY >T4 ,9 HIS #aib ESSAY 0,! ,QUE/ION ( ,IMITATIVE ,>T0 HE ASS]TS3 0,WE >E MOV+ T[>DS A WORLD :]E EV]YONE WILL CREATE 444 ,WE MU/ SET CREATIVITY'S PA? 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ALL ! MASSES WILL TAKE P>T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( EV]Y CREATIVE ?\<T ?AT APPE>S1 )\T TURN+ IT 9TO ME*ANIZ$ PRODUCTION OR CLI*E40 

,! NEW1 REVOLUTION>Y >T1 HE 9SI/S1 WAS TO BE BAS$ ON CREATIVITY AS 0! HUMAN ESS5CE 4440 0AS ! AIM ( LIFE1 & AS ! P]FECTION ( ONESELF40.<#a.> 

,= ,MALEVI*--& HE WAS H>DLY ALONE-->TI/S W]E NOT ONLY ! PROPHETS ( ?IS NEW WORLD1 BUT !Y W]E TO BECOME ! F\NDATION ( IT1 ITS MODEL4 ,AS WE ALL KN[1 SU* IDEAS W]E L>GELY /IFL$ ) ! SUPPRESSION ( ! AVANT-G>DE UND] ,/AL94 ,?\< AS ,TZVETAN ,TODOROV & ,BORIS ,GROYS HAVE BO? REC5TLY PO9T$ \T1 :AT HAPP5$ IS A LITTLE MORE COMPLICAT$4 ,! MA9 REASON AVANT-G>DE PA9T]S1 DESIGN]S1 & SCULPTORS HAD TO BE KILL$ OR BR\<T UND] HEEL WAS BECAUSE ! POLITICAL AVANT-G>DE1 ULTIMATELY ADOPT$ A V]SION ( ! MO/ RADICALLY EXCLUSION>Y =M ( ?AT EXACT SAME TRADITION1 :]E ,/AL9 HIMSELF--MU* LIKE ,MUSSOL9I & ,HITL]--BECAME ! 9DIVIDUAL H]OIC G5IUS RE%AP+ LIFE ITSELF ACCORD+ TO A S+LE ES!TIC VISION4 

,TODOROV >GUES ?AT 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY AT LEA/1 ?IS IS :AT ALWAYS HAPP5S 9 REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS4 ,>TI/S />T TO DEM& NOT JU/ NEW RI<TS TO CREATE & DI/RIBUTE !IR >TWORKS2 ABOVE ALL !Y DEM& TO PRESIDE OV] A TRANS=MATION ( SOCIAL REALITY & ! WAYS CULTURE REPRODUCES ITSELF4 ,BUT 9 ! 5D !Y 9V>IABLY FAIL4 ,TO A*IEVE !IR DREAMS !Y >E OBLIG$ TO RELY ON POLITICIANS1 :O HAVE NO 9T5TION ( %>+ P[] ) !M2 !RE=E1 AFT] A %ORT CREATIVE SURGE1 ALMO/ ALWAYS CO9CID+ ) AN OP5+ ( POLITICAL HORIZONS 7,MALEVI* HIMSELF PUBLI%$ HIS FIR/ ESSAYS 9 A J\RNAL CALL$1 SIMPLY1 ,AN>*Y71 A DEEP & H>% REACTION 5SUES1 & ! POLITICIANS1 9SPIR$ TO C>VE \T !IR [N ES!TIC VISIONS ON ! FLE% & S9EWS ( HUMANITY1 5D UP DO+ ABSOLUTELY T]RIBLE ?+S4 

,CONS]VATIVES HAVE ALWAYS 9SI/$ ?AT ?IS WILL 9EVITABLY HAPP5--9 FACT1 ?IS IS ! ESS5TIAL DEF9ITION ( :AT CONS]VATIVISM IS1 ! ASS]TION ?AT APPLY+ ANYONE'S ES!TIC VISION TO ! PUBLIC SPH]E MU/ ALWAYS 5D 9 DISA/]--& 9 ?IS S5SE1 AT LEA/1 CONS]VATIVE IMPULSES REIGN4 ,WE >E TAU<T TO CONSID] FIGURES LIKE ,MALEVI* T]RIFY+ 9 !IR NAIVETE4 ,BUT :AT DID HIS VISION ( TRUE COMMUNISM ACTUALLY CONSI/ (8 ,IT'S NOT JU/ ONE ( A FUTURE SOCIETY 9 :I* EV]YONE W\LD BE FREE FROM ! /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL 7?IS1 JU/ AB\T EV]YONE WAS ANTICIPAT+ AT ! TIME74 ,IT WAS ALSO A VISION 9 :I* ! 0PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS0 W\LD MEAN ?AT EV]YONE WAS ABLE TO PURSUE SOME SORT ( >TI/IC OR SCI5TIFIC PROJECT4 ,?IS ( C\RSE WAS F\ND$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT PEOPLE HAD BO? ! CAPACITY & ! 9CL9ATION1 EV5 IF IT JU/ MEANT PUTT]+ AB\T TRY+ TO CREATE A P]PETUAL MOTION DEVICE OR P]FECT+ A /&UP COM$Y R\T9E4 ,MALEVI*'S VISION IMPLI$ ?AT CURIOSITY & A DESIRE = SELF-EXPRESSION >E ESS5TIAL COMPON5TS ( :ATEV] IT IS WE >E DEF9+ AS 0HUMANITY0--OR P]HAPS ALL LIFE 7SOME ,RUSSIAN AVANT-G>DI/S W]E ALSO 9T]E/$ 9 ! LIB]ATION ( C[S7--& ?AT !RE=E FRE$OM IS MORE A MATT] ( REMOV+ IMP$IM5TS ?AN FUNDAM5TALLY RE%AP+ HUMAN NATURE4 ,?IS IS :Y ,MALEVI* C\LD >GUE ?AT ! BASIS ( A NEW >TI/IC WORLD W\LD HAVE TO BE ECONOMIC--?\< LIKE SO MANY O!R REVOLUTION>IES1 HE WAS ALSO 9T]E/$ 9 ! CREATION ( A NEW UNIV]SAL ES!TIC LANGUAGE4 ,MALEVI* HIMSELF CAME FROM ! NATIONAL \TSKIRTS2 HE WAS A ,POLE :O GREW UP 9 A ,UKRA9IAN VILLAGE1 & :O NEV] MA/]$ LIT]>Y ,RUSSIAN OR RECEIV$ A 0PROP]0 >T $UCATION4 ,HIS SQU>ES & TRIANGLES W]E A WAY ( TRANSC5D+ ALL ?AT4 ,9 A SIMIL> WAY1 ! ,RUSSIAN AVANT-G>DE PROJECT WAS ALSO $UCATIONAL1 DESIGN$ NOT TO CREATE ! 0NEW MAN0 7AS ! ,/AL9I/S LAT] PUT IT7 BUT TO 9CLUDE ?OSE PREVI\SLY MO/ EXCLUD$--! POOR & PROV9CIALS1 ! 9HABITANTS ( ! NATIONAL SUBURBS--TO GIVE !M ! M9IMAL TOOLS !Y W\LD NE$ TO JO9 9 ! COLLECTIVE PROJECT ( CREAT+ A NEW SOCIETY1 9 :I* !Y W\LD1 9 TURN1 CREATE ABSOLUTELY ANY?+ !Y LIK$4 

,DID ,MALEVI*'S VISION DEF9ITIVELY FAIL8 ,IT MI<T SEEM ?AT ?+S C\LD NOT HAVE POSSIBLY GONE MORE WRONG4 ,MILLIONS DI$ 9 ! CIVIL W> & UND] ,/AL91 & EV5 AFT]W>DS1 ! DREAM ( COMMUNISM WAS 9DEF9ITELY PO/PON$4 ,/ILL1 !RE WAS A SIDE ( ,SOVIET SOCIETY--& /ATE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY MORE G5]ALLY--?AT WE R>ELY ACKN[L$GE4 ,IT WAS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO GET FIR$ FROM ONE'S JOB4 ,AS A RESULT IT WAS QUITE POSSIBLE TO WORK ?REE OR F\R H\RS A DAY1 OR EV5 TWO OR ?REE DAYS A WEEK1 & ?US TO CONC5TRATE ONE'S 5]GIES ON O!R PROJECTS1 OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 ON NOT MU* ( ANY?+ AT ALL4 ,!RE WAS PL5TY ( TIME TO 0?9K & WALK10 & S9CE CAPITALI/-/YLE CONSUM] PLEASURES W]E NOT WIDELY AVAILABLE1 & CULTURAL RES\RCES LIKE LIBR>IES1 FREE LECTURES & LESSONS1 & SO =?1 W]E1 ! ,BREZHNEV YE>S 9 P>TICUL> SAW :OLE G5]ATIONS ( 0WAT*M5 & /REET-SWEEP]S10 AS !Y W]E CALL$--PEOPLE :O 9T5TIONALLY F\ND UNDEM&+ JOBS1 MANAG$ TO LIVE :OLE LIVES ON ! SMALL BITS ( MONEY GU>ANTE$ BY ! /ATE1 & US$ !IR FREE TIME TO WRITE POETRY1 MAKE PICTURES1 & >GUE AB\T ! MEAN+ ( LIFE4 

,ALL ?IS OBVI\SLY WAS UND] ! WAT*FUL EYE ( ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE1 BUT ONE C\LD WELL >GUE ?AT ?IS IS PRECISELY :Y ?OSE RUNN+ ! /ATE FELT IT HAD TO REMA9 TOTALIT>IAN4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD PRODUC$ A SOCIETY :]E ALMO/ EV]YONE WAS 9 A POSITION TO BECOME A ?9K] OR >TI/1 TO PLOT & S*EME1 TO QUE/ION EV]Y?+4 ,SO !Y HAD TO BE DIRECTLY SUPPRESS$4 ,9 ! CAPITALI/ ,WE/1 MO/ PEOPLE SIMPLY DIDN'T HAVE ! TIME TO DO ANY ( !SE ?+S4 

,WE >E TAU<T TO DISMISS ! REVOLUTION>Y AVANT-G>DI/S AS ROMANTICS4 ,IT'S NOT CLE> IF ALL ( !M W\LD HAVE REFUS$ ! DESIGNATION4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION--,M>X 9CLUD$--9 MANY WAYS TRACES BACK DIRECTLY TO ,ROMANTICISM1 & :ILE N[ADAYS ?IS IS G5]ALLY SE5 TO BE PRECISELY :AT WAS WRONG ) IT1 IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! REAL HI/ORY IS DECID$LY MORE COMPLICAT$4 

,LET US !N PROCE$ /EP BY /EP TO EXPLA9 :Y WE BELIEVE ?IS TO BE ! CASE4 

,! ,CONFUS+ ,LEGACY ( ,ROMANTICISM 

,ROMANTICISM 9 G5]AL HAS COME 9TO V]Y BAD COLOR N[ADAYS2 IT IS SE5 AS SILLY & POSSIBLY DANG]\S4 0,ROMANTICIZ+0 HAS BECOME A T]M = S5TIM5TAL IDEALIZATION1 :E!R ( NATURE1 PEASANTS1 NOBLE SAVAGES1 ! POOR1 OR IMAG9$ CREATIVE G5IUSES4 ,! POLITICAL EMBRACE ( ,ROMANTICISM IS SE5 AS LEAD+ MO/ NATURALLY TO SOME K9D ( AU?ORIT>IAN NATIONALISM1 OR AT WOR/1 ! ,?IRD ,REI*4 ,BUT ! AVANT-G>DE TRADITION IS SIMIL>LY ALMO/ 5TIRELY ROOT$ 9 ,ROMANTICISM4 

,P>T ( ! PROBLEM IS ?AT N[ADAYS1 FEW >E AW>E ( :AT E>LY ,ROMANTIC ?9K]S ACTUALLY SAID--?\< TO BE FAIR1 !Y (T5 DIDN'T HELP ?+S MU* BY WRIT+ CONTRADICTORY ?+S 9 A DELIB]ATELY OBSCURE & DIFFICULT /YLE4 ,/ILL1 C]TA9 CONSI/5T /RA9S CAN BE UNRAVEL$1 & !Y >E NOT :AT WE COMMONLY IMAG9E !M TO BE4 

,AS AN EXAMPLE1 CONSID] ! 5DLESS MOD]NI/ FASC9ATION ) COMP>+ >T PRODUC$ BY :AT ,HAL ,FO/] FAM\SLY LABEL$ 0! PRIVILEG$ TRIAD ( ! PRIMITIVE1 ! *ILD1 & ! 9SANE40 ,:AT DID !SE ?REE REALLY SEEM TO HAVE 9 COMMON8 ,9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ! USUAL ASSUMPTION WAS ?AT ! COLLAPSE ( ! CULTURAL AU?ORITY ( ! ,*UR* HAD LEFT ,EUROPEANS )\T A COMMON VISUAL LANGUAGE1 & ?AT BY /UDY+ ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 SAVAGES1 LUNATICS1 & *ILDR51 IT MI<T BE POSSIBLE TO RECOV] SOME K9D ( PURE1 PRE-SOCIAL1 & !RE=E UNIV]SAL VISUAL LANGUAGE ON :I* A NEW ONE C\LD BE BUILT4 ,AS WE'VE SE51 REVOLUTION>Y AVANT-G>DES C\LD SOMETIMES TAKE UP A V]SION ( !SE IDEAS AS WELL4 ,BUT ! ORIG9AL ,ROMANTIC CONCEPTION WAS F> MORE RADICAL4 ,IT WAS 9 FACT CLOSELY TI$ TO ! CONCEPT ( CULTURE--ITSELF ORIG9ALLY AN 9V5TION ( ,G]MAN ,ROMANTICISM4 ,! IDEA ?AT ! LANGUAGE1 FOLKLORE1 MANN]S1 MY?S1 S5SIBILITIES1 & EV5 =MS ( HAPP9ESS TYPICAL ( A NATION OR SOCIAL GR\P ALL =M A K9D ( EXPRESSIVE UNITY1 PRODUCTS ( SOME K9D ( 0POPUL> G5IUS10 WAS ROOT$ 9 ! ASSUMPTION ?AT EV]YONE WAS1 9 A S5SE1 ALREADY 5GAG$ 9 >TI/IC EXPRESSION4 ,9 ?IS VIEW ( CULTURE1 \R V]Y P]CEPTIONS ( ! WORLD >\ND US >E GIV5 MEAN+ & EMOTIONAL COLOR BY G5]ATIONS ( ANCE/RAL CREATIVITY4 0,WE SEE ?R\< HE>+10 ,H]D] WROTE1 BECAUSE ! MY?S & POETRY ( \R *ILDHOOD DEF9E :AT WE ACTUALLY SEE :5 WE LOOK AT A M\NTA91 =E/1 OR ANO!R HUMAN BE+4 ,BUT ! CREATION ( CULTURE IS ONGO+4 ,AS ! ,G]MAN POET & PHILOSOPH] ,NOVALIS FAM\SLY WROTE1 0,EV]Y P]SON IS MEANT TO BE AN >TI/40 ,>TI/IC G5IUS WAS SIMPLY 0AN EXEMPLIFICATION & 9T5SIFICATION ( :AT HUMAN BE+S ALWAYS DO40 

,! PROBLEM1 ,ROMANTICS 9SI/$1 WAS ?AT B\RGEOIS SOCIETY HAD CREAT$ SOCIAL PRESSURES & EXPECTATIONS SO /IFL+ & ATROCI\S ?AT V]Y FEW MAKE IT TO ADUL?OOD ) !IR HUMANITY & FRE$OM 9TACT4 ,B\RGEOIS $UCATION HAD ! EFFECT ( MURD]+ ! IMAG9ATION4 ,:AT *ILDR5 & UNS*OOL$ 0PRIMITIVES0 W]E REALLY ?\<T TO HAVE 9 COMMON1 !N1 WAS SIMPLY ?AT !Y HAD NOT 7OR NOT YET7 BE5 CRU%$4 ,9 A PA?OLOGICAL SOCIETY SU* AS \R [N1 9 CONTRA/1 ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS :O DO SOMEH[ MANAGE TO PRES]VE ?AT 9BORN >TI/IC 0G5IUS0 ) :I* ALL *ILDR5 BEG9 !IR LIVES1 DO SO AT TREM5D\S P]SONAL CO/2 !Y >E TYPICALLY DRIV5 HALF MAD BY ! EXP]I5CE4 ,G]MAN ,ROMANTIC NOVELS1 LIKE ?OSE ( ,E4 ,T4 ,A4 ,H(FMANN1 TYPICALLY C\NT]POSE SOME HALF-MAD >TI/IC OR SPIRITUAL LON] & A MONOTON\SLY MON/R\S SET ( PROV9CIAL TYPES--! DOCTOR1 MAYOR1 MAYOR'S WIFE1 & MI/RESS--UNIT$ AGA9/ HIM1 S9CE !Y P]CEIVE HIS V]Y EXI/5CE AS AN ATTACK ON !IR PETTY & HYPOCRITICAL REALITY4 

,TRUE1 ! E>LY1 DEMOCRATIC PHASE ( ,G]MAN ,ROMANTICISM GRADUALLY DESC5D$ 9TO CONS]VATIVE NATIONALISM4 ,BUT ?OSE CORE IDEAS FUNDAM5TALLY RE%AP$ ALL SUBSEQU5T ?9K+ AB\T BO? POLITICS & >T4 

,?IS IS 9 P>TICUL> EVID5T 9 ! LEGACY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! FACE ( IT1 MO/ ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>IES1 ) !IR CULT ( ,REASON1 MI<T SEEM AB\T AS F> AS ONE C\LD GET FROM ! TRADITION ( ,G]MAN ,ROMANTICISM4 ,TRUE1 ,R\SSEAU EMBRAC$ SOME ,ROMANTIC IDEAS1 BUT = ! MO/ P>T1 ! LANGUAGE & S5SIBILITIES C\LD H>DLY BE MORE DIFF]5T4 ,/ILL1 ONE ( ! MO/ RADICAL ,ROMANTIC IDEAS WAS SIMPLY ?AT1 IF EV]YONE IS BORN A FREE & +5I\S *ILD1 !N ! LACK ( FRE$OM & G5IUS1 OR ! SPREAD ( /UPIDITY1 MALICE1 & HYPOCRISY 9 ?AT SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE ! PRODUCT ( SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,?IS WAS CONSID]$ %OCK+ AT ! TIME4 ,FR5* REVOLUTION>IES W]E (T5 SO DET]M9$ TO PROVE IT ?AT !Y SOMETIMES PLAC$ >I/OCRATIC *ILDR5 ) ! FAMILIES ( DRUNKS--JU/ TO PROVE ?AT !Y W\LD TURN \T TO BE DRUNKS !MSELVES4 

,! NOTION ( ! AVANT-G>DE1 H[EV]1 EM]GES FROM ! IMM$IATE WAKE ( >GUM5TS AB\T H[ ?AT REVOLUTION LO/ ITS WAY4 7,9CID5TALLY1 SO DID MOD]N CONS]VATIVISM1 & SOCIAL SCI5CE47 ,REACTION>IES >GU$ ?AT ! CULT ( ,REASON W\LD LEAD 9EVITABLY TO ! ,T]ROR4 ,BUT SO W\LD ! CULT ( ,IMAG9ATION4 ,ATTEMPT+ TO WIPE ! SLATE CLEAN & />T OV] W\LD 9EVITABLY MEAN DE/ROY+ EV]Y?+ ?AT HELD SOCIETY TOGE!R & MADE LIFE MEAN+FUL3 COMMUNITY1 SOLID>ITY1 /ATUS1 AU?ORITY 444 BASICALLY ALL ?OSE ?+S :I* HAVE BECOME ! !MES ( SOCIAL !ORY EV] S9CE4 ,?OSE :O BELIEV$ SOCIAL *ANGE WAS GOOD & 9EVITABLE NONE!LESS TOOK SU* OBJECTIONS V]Y S]I\SLY4 ,! NOTIONS ( ! >TI/IC AVANT-G>DS & ! POLITICAL VANGU>D EM]G$ DIRECTLY FROM ! RESULTANT DEBATES4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 9 FACT1 !Y W]E ASSUM$ TO BE EXACTLY ! SAME ?+4 

,H]E WE >E OBLIG$ TO PROVIDE A SOME:AT BRUTAL SUMM>Y ( A V]Y COMPLICAT$ HI/ORY1 BUT SUFFICE IT TO SAY ?AT ! DEBATE 9 ,FRANCE1 TYPIFI$ BY >GUM5TS BETWE5 ! FOLL[]S ( ,C\NT ,H5RI DE ,SA9T-,SIMON & ?OSE ( HIS ONE-TIME SECRET>Y ,AUGU/E ,COMTE1 L>GELY CAME D[N TO AN >GUM5T AB\T H[ TO MANAGE ! TRANISITON FROM AN AGR>IAN FEUDAL SOCIAL ORD]1 TO A COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION4 ,M$IEVAL LORDS--SO ! >GUM5T W5T--MI<T HAVE BE5 H>% & (T5 >BITR>ILY VIOL5T2 !Y MI<T 9 MANY WAYS HAVE BE5 LITTLE MORE ?AN SO MANY B&S ( ?IEVES4 ,BUT !Y HAD ! ,*UR*1 & ! ,*UR* WAS CAPABLE ( MOBILIZ+ /RUCTURES ( BEAUTY & MEAN+ TO GIVE EV]YONE A S5SE ( PRECISELY :]E !Y /OOD 9 ! L>G] SOCIAL ORD]4 ,?IS WAS PRECISELY :AT !Y SAW AS LACK+ 9 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,! ,*UR* WAS N[ USELESS4 ,BUT ! CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY SEEM$ TO FEEL ?AT ! MAT]IAL B\NTY !Y PROVID$ %\LD SIMPLY SPEAK = ITSELF4 ,CLE>LY IT DIDN'T4 ,POLITICAL *AOS & SOCIAL ANOMIE WAS ?US ! DIRECT RESULT ( ! LACK ( ANY NEW CLASS TO FULFILL ! PRIE/LY FUNCTION4 ,COMTEANS IMAG9$ !SE TO BE SCI5TI/S3 H5CE ,COMTE'S EV5TUAL CREATION ( ! RELIGION ( ,POSITIVISM1 9 :I* SOCIOLOGI/S W\LD PLAY ! ROLE ( CL]ICS4 ,SA9T-,SIMON CA/ AB\T A BIT 7= A :ILE HE FOCUS$ ON 5G9E]S7 BUT ULTIMATELY SETTL$ ON >TI/S AS ! VANGU>D :O W\LD LEAD ! WAY T[>DS A CULTURE ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 ONE 9 :I* ! CO]CIVE ME*ANISMS1 HE BELIEV$1 W\LD ULTIMATELY WI!R AWAY4 

,= OV] A C5TURY1 W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>DS CONT9U$ TO DEBATE :E!R !Y W\LD BE MORE LIKE SCI5TI/S1 OR MORE LIKE >TI/S1 :ILE PA9T]S & SCULPTORS =M$ !MSELVES 9TO SECTS4 ,REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES 5DLESSLY TRI$ TO PAT* TOGE!R ALLIANCES BETWE5 ! LEA/ ALI5AT$ & MO/ OPPRESS$4 ,! DREAM ( ! COLLAPSE ( ! B>RI]S BETWE5 >T & LIFE1 :I* W\LD EV5TUALLY RETURN US TO A SOCIETY 9 :I* ,NOVALIS'S VISION W\LD BE REALIZ$1 WAS ALWAYS AN 9H]5T P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 ,BY ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 MANY ( ! BE/-KN[N AVANT-G>DE >TI/S W]E NO LONG] EV5 PRODUC+ MU* 9 ! WAY ( IMMORTAL WORKS ( >T1 BUT 9/EAD L>GELY PLANS ON H[ TO %>E !IR P[] & FRE$OM ) O!RS4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! SUPREME TW5TIE?-C5TURY AVANT-G>DE G5RE1 OR AT LEA/ ! MO/ ACCOMPLI%$ & ORIG9AL1 WAS NOT EV5 ! COLLAGE BUT ! MANIFE/O4 

,AT ?IS PO9T WE CAN RETURN TO ,RUSSIA4 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y AVANT-G>DE WAS ROOT$ SQU>ELY 9 ! TRADITION WE HAVE JU/ DESCRIB$4 ,ITS IMAG9$ 0PEOPLE ( ! FUTURE0 7,BUDETLYANS7 W\LD NOT ONLY TO BE LIB]AT$ FROM ?OSE UNFAIR & MALICI\S SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT /IFL$ !IR CREATIVITY2 !Y W\LD ALSO HAVE ! FRE$OM ( *ILDR54 ,OBVI\SLY1 NO ONE WAS SO NAIVE AS TO BELIEVE !Y W\LD LIVE LIKE *ILDR5 9 ANY LIT]AL S5SE1 ?AT COMMUNISM W\LD CREATE A WORLD FREE FROM DEA?1 BETRAYAL1 EXI/5TIAL FE>1 MORBID OBSESSION1 OR UNREQUIT$ LOVE4 ,ONLY REAL *ILDR5 W\LD EXP]I5CE SU* A P>ADISE4 ,RA!R1 IT W\LD CREATE A WORLD :]E FUTURE PEOPLE W\LD HAVE ! RI<T1 DUTY1 & OPPORTUNITY TO REFLECT ON ?OSE 9EVITABLE1 ADULT1 EXI/5TIAL PROBLEMS 9 />TL+LY BEAUTIFUL WAYS4 ,COMMUNISM W\LD BE A WORLD NO LONG] DIVID$ 9TO MAD G5IUSES & DULL1 OB$I5T FOOLS--SPECTATORS1 EI!R UNCOMPREH5D+ OR ADULATORY4 ,EV]YONE W\LD BECOME BO? AT ! SAME TIME4 

,P>T #b3 ,UTOPIA ( ,FRE$OM AS A ,M>KET ,VALUE 

,! ,5DLESS ,CYCLE ( ,PRODUCTION 

,! ,ROMANTIC LEGACY HAS BY NO MEANS DISAPPE>$ FROM ! CONTEMPOR>Y >T WORLD--IT'S JU/ RETA9$ ONLY ITS MO/ ELITI/ ELEM5TS4 ,WE /ILL WOR%IP ! 9DIVIDUAL G5IUS1 MAD1 TORTUR$1 OR O!RWISE2 :AT HAS BE5 PURG$ IS ANY EXPLICIT BELIEF ?AT WE ALL BEG9 AS >TI/S1 & C\LD1 9 A FUTURE SOCIETY 9 :I* =MS ( 9/ITUTIONAL VIOL5CE >E ROOT$ \T1 BECOME >TI/S ONCE AGA94 ,AS A RESULT1 ?AT V]Y CONCEPTION ( FRE$OM ?AT ONCE DROVE ! V>I\S AVANT-G>DES HAS COME TO REGULATE A LOGIC ( COMMODITIZATION--OR EV5 MORE1 IT HAS 5C\RAG$ US TO SEE ?AT LOGIC ( COMMODITIZATION AS ! DEF9ITION ( FRE$OM ITSELF4 

,9 ! PREVI\S 9/ALLM5T ( ?IS ESSAY1 WE RECALL$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y AVANT-G>DE IMAG9$ 0PEOPLE ( ! FUTURE0 7,BUDETLYANS7 W\LD NOT ONLY TO BE LIB]AT$ FROM ?OSE UNFAIR & MALICI\S SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT /IFL$ !IR CREATIVITY1 !Y W\LD ALSO 5JOY A K9D ( ALMO/ *ILDLIKE FRE$OM4 ,?IS WAS A DIRECT 9VOCATION ( ! ORIG9AL ,ROMANTIC CONCEPTION1 BORN TOGE!R ) ! CONCEPT ( 0CULTURE0 ITSELF1 ONE EXPLICITLY =MULAT$ 9 REACTION TO ! LOGIC ( COMMODITIZATION4 

,IT W\LD TAKE A GREAT DEAL ( WORK TO UNRAVEL H[ ALL ?IS TURN$ >\ND1 BUT ! KEY1 IT SEEMS TO US1 IS TO RETURN TO ,COMTE & ,SA9T-,SIMON'S FOCUS ON 9DU/RIALISM4 ,! ,ROMANTIC CONCEPTION ( ! >TI/ AS ISOLAT$ G5IUS EM]G$1 ( C\RSE1 AT R\<LY ! SAME TIME AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS WAS ALMO/ C]TA9LY NO CO9CID5CE4 ,AS ,FR5* SOCIOLOGI/ ,ALA9 ,CAILLE HAS SUGGE/$1 ! >TI/IC G5IUS MI<T BE/ BE CONCEIV$ AS A K9D ( /RUCTURAL COMPLEM5T TO ! FACTORY SY/EM4 

,9 EFFECT1 ! OLD] FIGURE ( ! CRAFTSMAN OR >TISAN SPLIT 9 TWO4 ,CONSUM]S W]E CONFRONT$ ) TWO DIFF]5T SORTS ( COMMODITY3 ON ! ONE H&1 AN 5DLESS \TP\R+ ( CONSUM] GOODS1 PRODUC$ BY A FACELESS MASS ( 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 AB\T :OSE 9DIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHIES CONSUM]S KNEW ABSOLUTELY NO?+ 7(T51 NOT EV5 :AT C\NTRIES !Y LIV$ 91 LANGUAGES !Y SPOKE1 :E!R !Y W]E M51 WOM51 OR *ILDR5 44472 ON ! O!R1 UNIQUE WORKS ( >T1 AB\T :OSE PRODUC]S1 ! CONSUM] KNEW ABSOLUTELY EV]Y?+1 & :OSE BIOGRAPHIES W]E AN 9TR9SIC P>T ( ! VALUE ( ! OBJECTS !MSELVES4 

,BUT IF ! H]OIC FIGURE ( ! >TI/ IS SIMPLY ! MIRROR ( 9DU/RIALISM1 ?IS W\LD C]TA9LY HELP EXPLA9 :Y ?AT FIGURE WAS SO APPEAL+ TO SOCIALI/S LIKE ,SA9T-,SIMON1 OR ,M>X 7:O 9 HIS /UD5T YE>S TRI$ HIS H& AT ,G]MAN ,ROMANTIC POETRY74 ,IT DOES NOT EXPLA9 :Y ?IS FIGURE IS /ILL ) US4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE LIVE 9 AN AGE :5 CAPITALISM IS MORE & MORE ORGANIZ$ >\ND ! MANAGEM5T NOT ( 9DU/RIAL LABOR BUT C>E WORK1 LESS AB\T ! CREATION ?AN AB\T ! SU/A9+1 MA9TA9+1 NURTURANCE1 $UCATION1 & REPAIR ( PEOPLE1 ?+S1 & ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,EV5 ! MA9 LOCI ( CLASS /RUGGLE C5T]S ON NURSES1 CLEAN]S1 TEA*]S1 & C>E WORK]S ( V>I\S SORTS4 

,TRUE1 >TI/S TOO LESS & LESS RESEMBLE 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 & MORE & MORE RESEMBLE MANAG]S4 ,BUT !Y >E /ILL H]OIC1 HI<LY 9DIVIDUALIZ$ MANAG]S NONE!LESS--?AT IS1 ! SUCCESSFUL ONES 7! LESS] FIGURES >E N[ RELEGAT$ L>GELY TO ! >TI/IC EQUIVAL5T ( C>E WORK74 ,& IT'S TELL+ ?AT1 :ATEV] ELSE MAY *ANGE1 & H[EV] MU* ! ,ROMANTIC CONCEPTION ( ! >TI/ N[ SEEMS TO US TRITE1 SILLY1 & LONG-S9CE-AB&ON$2 H[EV] MU* DISCUSSION = ?AT MATT] !RE IS AB\T >TI/IC COLLECTIVES2 AT A %[ LIKE ! ,V5ICE ,BI5NALE1 OR A MUSEUM ( CONTEMPOR>Y >T1 ALMO/ EV]Y?+ IS /ILL TREAT$ AS IF IT SPR+S FROM ! BRA9 ( A SPECIFIC NAM$ 9DIVIDUAL4 ,P]HAPS ONE PIECE 9 A HUNDR$ IS AN EXCEPTION4 ,& ?IS IS TRUE NO MATT] :AT ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( A WORK'S ACTUAL CREATION4 ,WE MAY BE TOO DELICATE N[ADAYS TO CALL !SE 9DIVIDUALS 0G5IUSES40 ,BUT ! 5TIRE APP>ATUS ( ! >T WORLD MAKES NO S5SE UNLESS IT'S ULTIMATELY SOME?+ V]Y LIKE :AT US$ TO BE CALL$ G5IUS--SOME?+ 9EFFABLE1 SPIRITUAL1 CREATIVE1 & ROOT$ 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL S\L--:I* CREATES ! VALUE ?AT IT CELEBRATES4 ,EV5 ! FASC9ATION ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y >T SC5E ) PROMOT+ WORKS BY >TI/S ID5TIFI$ ) SPECIFIC DISADVANTAG$ GR\PS1 ,IRAQI MIGRANTS1 QUE] ,LAT9AS1 & SO =?1 IS P]FECTLY APIECE ) ?IS2 IT MI<T SEEM TO M>K A RETURN TO SOME?+ AT LEA/ A LITTLE MORE LIKE ! OLD] IDEA ( COLLECTIVE1 CULTURAL CREATIVITY1 S9CE ! >TI/S >E BE+ VALU$ AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! CREATIVE CONTEXT FROM :I* !Y EM]G$1 BUT ULTIMATELY1 IT SIMPLY DISSOLVES ?AT HORIZONTAL ,ROMANTICISM BACK 9TO V]TICAL1 H]OIC ,ROMANTICISM AGA91 S9CE ! VALUE ( ANY GIV5 >TWORK IS /ILL SE5 TO D]IVE FROM ! >TI/S 5TIRELY 9DIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY1 :I* QUICKLY TAKES ON A LOGIC & TRAJECTORY 5TIRELY ITS [N4 

7,IT'S EASY TO SEE :Y ?IS W\LD HAVE TO BE ! CASE4 ,TO DO O!RWISE W\LD BE TO SUGGE/ ?AT QUE] >TI/S1 OR >TI/S ( COLOR1 >E SOMEH[ LESS 9DIVIDUALLY RESPONSIBLE = !IR WORKS ?AN /RAI<T :ITE ONES4 ,?AT W\LD BE OBVI\SLY BIGOT$ OR RACI/4 ,! ONLY ALT]NATIVE W\LD BE TO TREAT ! LATT] PRIM>ILY AS PRODUCTS ( !IR CULTURAL 5VIRONM5T1 :I* IS PRECISELY :AT ! >T WORLD REFUSES TO DO47 

,! FACT ?AT EV]YONE KN[S ?IS1 & MANY CLAIM TO OBJECT1 DOES NOT MAKE IT ANY LESS TRUE4 ,REALLY1 IT JU/ REVEALS H[ DIFFICULT ?IS HABIT IS TO OV]COME4 ,BECAUSE ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( >TWORKS REMA9 AS !Y HAVE ALWAYS BE51 S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 SE5 AS MAK+ S5SE ONLY 9 RELATION TO SOME UNIQUE 9DIVIDUAL S\L4 ,AN >T WORLD ?AT WAS NOT ORGANIZ$ >\ND ! CREATIVE VISION ( NAM$ 9DIVIDUALS SIMPLY W\LD NOT BE AN 0>T WORLD0 AT ALL4 

,:Y !N ! L+]+ P[] ( 9DU/RIAL CATEGORIES & 9DU/RIAL-AGE MODES ( ?\<T8 ,! ULTIMATE REASON1 IT SEEMS TO US1 LIES 9 \R 9ABILITY TO DETA* \RSELVES FROM ! NOTION ( 0PRODUCTION40 

,WE /ILL SEEM OBSESS$ ) ! NOTION ?AT WORK IS NECESS>ILY A MATT] ( MAK+ ?+S2 PREF]ABLY1 ?R\< A PROCESS ?AT IS SIMULTANE\SLY MY/]I\S1 & AT LEA/ A LITTLE BIT UNPLEASANT4 ,:Y1 = EXAMPLE1 DO O!RWISE 9TELLIG5T HUMAN BE+S SO (T5 9SI/ ?AT ! 0WORK+ CLASS0 NO LONG] EXI/S 9 WEAL?Y C\NTRIES1 SIMPLY BECAUSE NOT MANY PEOPLE >E EMPLOY$ 9 FACTORIES--AS IF IT W]E SOMEH[ CYBORGS OR TRA9$ MONKEYS :O W]E DRIV+ !IR TAXIS1 9/ALL+ !IR CABLE1 OR *ANG+ !IR B$PANS :5 !Y'RE SICK8 ,:Y DO WE ID5TIFY WORK ) 0PRODUCTION0 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 RA!R ?AN T5D+ TO ?+S1 MA9TA9+ !M1 OR MOV+ !M >\ND8 

,?IS HABIT ( ?\<T GOES F> DEEP] ?AN ,ROMANTICISM4 ,IT IS ! PRODUCT ( A V]Y P>TICUL> !OLOGICAL TRADITION4 ,! ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN-,ISLAMIC ,GOD CREAT$ ! WORLD \T ( NO?+ 7,HE IS 9 FACT SOME:AT UNUSUAL 9 HAV+ CREAT$ ! UNIV]SE \T ( NO?+2 MO/ WORK ) EXI/+ MAT]IALS72 ! HUMAN CONDITION1 AS ! /ORY ( ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 OR = ?AT MATT] ,PROME!US MAKE CLE>1 IS PUNI%M5T3 ?OSE :O DISOBEY$ ! ,CREATOR & TRI$ TO PLAY ,GOD >E CURS$ TO CONT9UE TO DO EXACTLY ?AT1 TO CREATE ! MEANS = !IR [N EXI/5CE1 BUT TO DO SO 9 A WAY ?AT IS ALSO A =M ( PA9 & SUFF]+4 ,ADAM IS CURS$ TO GR[ FOOD BY ! SWEAT ( HIS BR[4 ,EVE IS SIMULTANE\SLY TOLD ?AT ,GOD WILL MULTIPLY H] PA9S 09 LABOR0--?AT IS1 9 GIV+ BIR?4 

,WE MI<T CONSID] ?IS ANALOGY = A MOM5T4 ,! REAL PROCESS ( 0PRODUC+0 *ILDR5 7IF Y\ REALLY WANT TO USE ?AT WORD7 9VOLVES NOT JU/ AN ACT ( SEX & N9E MON?S ( PREGNANCY1 BUT A WEB ( SOCIAL RELATIONS 9VOLV+ YE>S ( NURTURE1 SUPPORT1 $UCATION 444 ,YET H]E ?AT 5TIRE PROCESS DISAPPE>S1 COLLAPS$ 9TO ! ONE MOM5T :5 A BABY SEEMS 7ESPECIALLY TO MALE ONLOOK]S7 TO JU/ APPE>1 FULLY =M$1 ?R\< A MY/]I\S BUT PA9FUL PROCESS \T ( NO:]E--MU* LIKE ! UNIV]SE4 ,?IS IS ! V]Y P>ADIGM ( 0PRODUCTION10 A WORD :I* LIT]ALLY MEANS 0TO BR+ =?0 OR EV5 0PU% \T40 ,! FACTORY WAS ALWAYS CONCEIV$ AS ! ULTIMATE BLACK BOX1 A MY/]I\S PLACE ( PA9 & SUFF]+1 :]E /EEL1 SAUC]S1 OR MICRO*IPS SOMEH[ POP \T FULLY =M$ ?R\< A PROCESS WE'LL NEV] REALLY KN[ & W\LD RA!R PREF] NOT TO HAVE TO ?9K AB\T4 ,BUT SO1 9 ! CLASSICAL CONCEPTION1 IS ! >TI/'S BRA94 

,9 ?IS LI<T1 IT ONLY MAKES S5SE ?AT BO? ! FACTORY WORK] & ! >TI/IC G5IUS MU/ SUFF]4 ,!Y SIMPLY SUFF] 9 OPPOSITE 7YET COMPLEM5T>Y7 WAYS4 ,! FACTORY WORK] SUFF]S BECAUSE HE'S ALI5AT$ FROM HIS WORK1 IT MEANS NO?+ TO HIM1 & HE HAS NO CONTROL OV] IT2 ! >TI/1 BECAUSE %E'S HOPELESSLY 5TANGL$ 9 IT & WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO BREAK FREE4 

,OBVI\SLY1 ) ! DECL9E ( ! IMPORTANCE ( FACTORY LABOR1 & ! PR$OM9ANCE ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 ! NOTION ?AT WORK IS PRIM>ILY A MATT] ( PRODUC+ ?+S 79/EAD ( CLEAN+1 MOV+1 MA9TA9+1 NURTUR+1 FIX+1 TRANS=M+1 OR C>+ = !M7 BECOMES EV] MORE DIFFICULT TO MA9TA94 ,BUT 9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ! >TI/ ACTUALLY PLAYS AN 9CREAS+LY /RATEGIC ROLE4 ,>T IS /ILL CONCEIV$ AS A FACTORY ( 5DLESS PRODUCTIVITY1 & >T IS /ILL SE5 AS SOMEH[ POPP+1 ?R\< A PA9FUL YET MY/]I\S PROCESS1 DIRECTLY FROM ! >TI/'S BRA94 ,& ) ! >T WORLD SITT+ AS IT DOES AT ! PEAK ( ! 0CREATIVE 9DU/RIES10 ALL ?IS WORKS TO SUBTLY SUGGE/ ?AT ! ADM9I/RATORS & BUREAUCRATS :O 9CREAS+LY MAKE IT UP REALLY >E SOMEH[ 0PRODUC+0 SOME?+ AFT] ALL--OR1 SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! V>I\S SOCIAL TISSUES ( ! HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES ( ! >T WORLD ITSELF4 

,! ,>T ,WORLD ,9 & ,\T 

,EA* EXHIBITION1 EA* NEW BI5NIAL OR ,DOCUM5TA1 /RIVES 7& 9EVITABLY CLAIMS7 TO BE AN HI/ORIC EV5T4 ,HI/ORICAL EV5TS >E--BY ONE DEF9ITION AT LEA/ 7! ONE WE LIKE7--PRECISELY ?OSE EV5TS ?AT C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 PR$ICT$ BE=E !Y HAPP5$4 ,EV]Y >TI/IC EV5T ?US SETS \T TO SURPRISE ITS AUDI5CE4 ,SOME?+ MU/ BE =MALLY NEW1 SOME?+ MU/ BE 9CLUD$ ?AT WAS NOT PREVI\SLY CONSID]$ TO FIT 9 ! CATEGORY ( 0CONTEMPOR>Y >T10 OR EV5 BETT]1 ?AT WAS NOT CONSID]$ TO BE AN >T AT ALL4 ,IT'S CONSID]$ NORMAL1 N[ADAYS1 = EXHIBITIONS TO 9CLUDE ANY?+ FROM E?NOGRAPHIC OBJECTS & FOLK >T TO ! DESCRIPTION ( SOCIAL PRACTICES OR ITEMS ( DESIGN4 ,! >T WORLD CON/ANTLY TE/S & WAIVES ITS B\ND>IES4 

,TO SOME DEGREE ?IS IS :AT ! >T WORLD HAS ACTUALLY BECOME3 ! CON/ANT TE/+ & OV]COM+ ( ITS [N B\ND>IES4 ,AS A RESULT IT ALWAYS APPE>S TO BE MOV+ 9 ! DIRECTION =ESE5 BY PA/ AVANT-G>DES1 BUR/+ ITS [N BUBBLE 9 ORD] TO ULTIMATELY 5COMPASS EV]Y?+4 ,BUT CAN IT REALLY SUCCE$ 9 BL[+ ITSELF UP8 ,IS IT EV5 REALLY TRY+8 ,:5 A FEW YE>S AGO SOMEONE ASK$ ,BORIS ,GROYS :E!R ! >T WORLD1 ALWAYS 9 CRISIS1 WAS REALLY ON ! V]GE ( SELF-DE/RUCTION1 ,GROYS ANSW]$3 0,I DO NOT SEE ANY SIGNS ( COLLAPSE4 ,WORLDWIDE1 ! 9DU/RIAL MUSEUM COMPLEX IS GR[+4 ,! PACE ( CULTURAL T\RISM IS 9CREAS+1 NEW BI5NIALS & EXHIBITIONS >E OP5+ EV]Y:]E ON A WEEKLY BASIS4 ,! REC5T ADDITION ( ,*9A ALONE HAS DRA/ICALLY 9CREAS$ ! SIZE ( ! >T WORLD40 

,MU* ( :AT IS CALL$ ! >T WORLD CONSI/S ( AN 5DLESS SPECULATION ON ! RULES1 :I* >E ALWAYS 9 FLUX & UND] NEGOTIATION4 ,NO ONE CLAIMS TO BE RESPONSIBLE = !M1 EV]YONE CLAIMS !Y >E JU/ TRY+ TO FIGURE !M \T4 ,IT BECOMES ALL ! MORE COMPLICAT$ BECAUSE EXPOS+1 *ALL5G+1 OR BREAK+ ! RULES IS N[ ! MA9 SUB/ANCE ( >T ITSELF4 

,?IS GAME ( MAK+ A SPECTACUL> %[ ( VIOLAT+ ! RULES1 SO AS TO CREATE EV5 MORE HI<LY PAID WORK = ?OSE :O RECALIBRATE1 R$I/RIBUTE1 & REEVALUATE !M1 IS H>DLY LIMIT$ TO ! >T WORLD1 9CID5TALLY4 ,9CREAS+LY1 IT IS ! BASIC SUB/ANCE ( POLITICS ITSELF4 ,CONSID] ,BREXIT4 ,:ILE PRES5T$ AS AN \TBUR/ ( POPUL> RAGE1 ( BURN-IT-ALL-D[N REVULSION AGA9/ ADM9I/RATIVE ELITES1 ! CLASS ( PEOPLE :O >E GO+ TO B5EFIT ! MO/ FROM ,BREXIT WILL OBVI\SLY BE LAWY]S1 :O WILL N[ HAVE UNTOLD ?\S&S ( ?\S&-P\ND-AN-H\R WORK ?R[N AT !M REEVALUAT+ PRETTY MU* EV]Y CONTRACTUAL AGREEM5T ! ,U,K HAS 5T]$ 9TO = ! LA/ =TY-ODD YE>S4 ,9 MANY WAYS IT /&S AS A P>ABLE = \R TIMES4 

,/ILL1 !RE >E ALWAYS META-RULES1 IF WE CAN CALL !M ?AT3 RULES AB\T :AT SORT OR RULES CAN & CAN'T BE BROK54 ,P]HAPS ! BE/ WAY TO DET]M9E !SE IS TO DET]M9E :AT'S CLE>LY AN 9VALID MOVE4 ,IT'S COMMONPLACE TO HE>1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT !RE'S NO?+1 N[ADAYS1 ?AT CANNOT BE TURN$ 9TO A WORK ( >T--IF ONLY BECAUSE ! V]Y ACT ( >GU+ AB\T :E!R OR NOT SOME?+ IS >T WILL ITSELF T5D TO CON/ITUTE IT AS SU*4 ,BUT ?IS ISN'T REALLY TRUE4 ,SOME ?+S CAN'T BE TURN$ 9TO WORKS ( >T4 ,IT IS1 AS WE'VE LE>N$ FROM ! ,V5ICE ,BI5NALE1 POSSIBLE TO DR$GE ( A %IP 9 :I* REFUGEES HAVE DR[N$ 9 ! ,M$IT]RANEAN & PLACE IT ON DISPLAY1 & SOME WILL AGREE ?AT ?IS IS AN >TI/IC GE/URE4 ,BUT ! REFUGEES !MSELVES1 OR ! OCEAN 9 :I* !Y DR[N$1 >E QUITE ANO!R MATT]4 

,!RE >E ALWAYS LIMITS4 

,?IS IS :Y WE BELIEVE ! IMAGE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CREATIVE G5IUS IS SO IMPORTANT4 ,D5Y IT ?\< WE MI<T1 IT CONT9UES TO PLAY A ROLE 9 REGULAT+ ! RULES ( ! GAME4 ,TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY3 ! CONT9U$ EMBRACE ( ONE HALF ( ! ,ROMANTIC IDEAL IS PREMIS$ ON ! ABSOLUTE EXCLUSION ( ! O!R ONE4 ,IF !RE'S ONE ABSOLUTE RULE1 ONE R$ L9E ?AT CANNOT BE CROSS$1 IT IS ?AT EV]YONE CANNOT BE AN >TI/4 ,! K9D ( VALUE >T CREATES MU/1 NECESS>ILY1 BE BAS$ ON EXCLUSION4 ,TO ACTUALLY REALIZE ! VISION ( ,NOVALIS 7OR = ?AT MATT] ,OSIP ,BRIK1 OR EV5 ,JOSEPH ,BEUYS7 W\LD MEAN TO DISSOLVE AWAY ! 5TIRE /RUCTURE :I* MAKES 0! >T WORLD0 :AT IT IS1 BECAUSE IT W\LD DE/ROY ! 5TIRE ME*ANISM ?R\< :I* IT CREATES VALUE4 

,?IS IS NOT JU/ BECAUSE ANY M>KET MU/1 AS WE NOTE1 OP]ATE ON A PR9CIPLE ( SC>CITY1 & SOME SORT ( CONCEPTION ( SPIRITUAL G5IUS SEEMS ! ONLY WAY TO JU/IFY ! LEVELS ( SC>CITY ?AT A M>KET PUMP$ QUITE SO FULL ( ! PR(ITS ( F9ANCIALIZ$ D]IVATIVES REQUIRES4 ,! >T WORLD HAS1 S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 ALWAYS BE5 BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT 0REAL >T0 IS PRICELESS & R>E2 ! WAY ! AVANT-G>DE *ALL5GE TO ?IS PR9CIPLE HAS BE5 ABSORB$ & RECUP]AT$ HAS BE5 TO ADD TO ?IS ?AT ITS DEF9ITION IS ALSO CON/ANTLY %IFT+ & UN/ABLE4 ,BUT ?IS SITUATION IS 9 FACT ALTOGE!R FAVORABLE TO ! CURR5T PLAY]S ( ! >T M>KET 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT M>KET VOLATILITY IS FAVORABLE TO BOND TRAD]S3 ! RAPIDLY *ANG+ VALUES ( >T OBJECTS1 ! DISCOV]Y ( ! NEW NAMES ( >TI/S ALL[ = EV]-NEW OPPORTUNITIES = PR(IT1 & ESPECIALLY = ! 9SID] TRAD]S :O HAVE SOME ADVANCE KN[L$GE ( H[ ! RULES >E AB\T TO *ANGE 79 MANY CASES1 BECAUSE !Y >E 9VOLV$ 9 *ANG+ !M !MSELVES74 ,?IS IS :AT ! WORK ( GALL]I/S & CURATORS IS BASICALLY AB\T4 ,! PRICE SPIKES1 ! CONCEPTUAL REVOLUTIONS1 ! NEW DISCOV]IES1 ! CON/ANT GLADIATORIAL CLA%ES BETWE5 >TI/S1 GALL]IES1 CURATORS1 CRITICS--ALL COMB9E TO PROPOSE A SUBTLE >GUM5T3 ?AT ! *>ACT]I/IC LOGIC ( F9ANCIAL M>KETS1 ! COMB9ATION ( CREATIVE DE/RUCTION1 SELF-M>KET+1 & SPECULATION1 IS FRE$OM1 9DE$1 FRE$OM ON ! MO/ REF9$ SPIRITUAL LEVEL4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT IS NO?+ IF NOT EXHIL]AT+4 ,IT FEELS LIKE A GAME :]E ANY?+ GOES4 ,BUT SO1 (T51 DOES ! F9ANCIALIZ$ PEAKS ( ! BUS9ESS WORLD2 & JU/ AS 9 ! BUS9ESS WORLD1 ALL ?IS IS ONLY POSSIBLE AGA9/ ! UN/AT$ BACKGR\ND ( ?AT :I* ABSOLUTELY CANNOT BE *ALL5G$1 :I* >E ULTIMATELY1 /RUCTURES ( EXCLUSION4 

,WE ,DON'T ,WI% TO ,5D ,H]E1 ,H[EV] 7OR1 ,>T ,COMMUNISM ,I,I7 

,\R CONCLUSIONS MI<T SEEM BLEAK4 ,>T REMA9S 9SEP>ABLE FROM A ,ROMANTIC NOTION ( FRE$OM2 BUT ! PURSUIT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL V]SION ( ,ROMANTIC FRE$OM SEEMS TO LEAD 9EXORABLY TO VALIDAT+ ! LOGIC ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 JU/ AS ! PURSUIT ( ! COLLECTIVE1 DEMOCRATIC V]SION ( ,ROMANTIC FRE$OM1 9 :I* >T IS FREE TO ALL1 LEADS--IF ,TZVETAN ,TODOROV & COMPANY >E TO BE BELIEV$--9EXORABLY TO ! GULAG4 

,BUT WE DON'T ?9K ?+S >E REALLY AS BAD AS ALL ?AT4 

,9 FACT1 S9CE ! LOGIC ( F9ANCE CAPITAL IS NOT1 ULTIMATELY1 P>TICUL>LY 9SPIR+1 IT ONLY OP]ATES BECAUSE ! LURE ( COMMUNISM1 AS ! ULTIMATE REALIZATION ( ,NOVALIS'S DREAM ( UNDO+ ! VIOL5CE ?AT DE/ROYS \R S5SE ( PLAY1 BEAUTY1 & CREATION1 CONT9UES TO 9=M IT4 ,H]E WE HAVE TO TAKE ISSUE ) ,TODOROV'S O!RWISE BRILLIANT ESSAY 0,AVANT-,G>DES @& ,TOTALIT>IANISM10 :]E HE W>N$ ?AT ! ,ROMANTIC ELEM5T 9 ! AVANT-G>DE ALWAYS TURN$ \T TO OP5 ! WAY TO TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,CIT+ NUM]\S QUOTES FROM ,/AL91 ,HITL]1 & ,MUSSOL9I1 ,TODOROV >GUES ?AT TW5TIE?-C5TURY DICTATORS TYPICALLY 5ACT$ ! VISIONS ( AVANT-G>DE >TI/S1 ?AT ( RADICALLY TRANS=M+ \R COMMON REALITY 9 ACCORDANCE ) SOME MA/] PLAN4 ,IF 0POETRY C\LD NO LONG] BE WRITT5 AFT] ,AUS*WITZ10 AS ,!ODOR ,ADORNO SO FAM\SLY PUT IT1 IT WAS ONLY BECAUSE POETRY WAS COMPLICIT 9 ! CRIME4 

,P]HAPS IT'S UND]/&ABLE !N ?AT ! SECOND HALF ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY CAME TO BE DEF9$ BY A DET]M9ATION TO 5TIRELY ELIM9ATE POETRY FROM POLITICS1 TO TURN OV] P[] FIR/ TO BL& TE*NOCRATS1 !N TO EV5 BL&] MANAG]S :OSE VISION1 9S(> AS !Y HAD ONE1 WAS PRECISELY NOT TO HAVE ONE4 ,BUT ! F9ANCIAL CRISIS ( #b#h1 & P>TICUL>LY ! LOOM+ CRISIS ( CLIMATE *ANGE1 :I* ?REAT5S TO KILL F> MORE HUMANS ?AN ALL ! W>S ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY COMB9$1 HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! RULE ( MANAG]S & TE*NOCRATS IS LIKELY EV5 MORE DANG]\S /ILL4 

,! !MES ( ! LA/ ,V5ICE ,BI5NALE W]E DEVOT$ PRECISELY TO ?IS S5SE ( IMP5D+ CATA/ROPHE4 ,! TWO MO/ MEMORABLE PIECES W]E A SUNK5 REFUGEE %IP1 & ! SMALL ,LI?UANIAN ,PAVILION1 A MODE/LY SUNG ODE TO ! 5D ( ! WORLD4 ,ALL REVEL$ 9 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( E/ABLI%+ A R$EMPTIVE N>RATIVE4 ,:AT1 AFT] ALL1 W]E WE1 AS SPECTATORS1 BE+ (F]$ AS ANSW]S8 ,OR EV5 9 ! WAY ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! DEBATE8 ,NO?+ BUT 5DLESS QUEUES & P>TIES1 B5EFITS1 T\RNAM5TS1 ! PROSPECT ( [N]%IP ( SOME FRAGM5T ( \R IMP5D+ DOOM4 

,& 9 ?IS CASE1 ! ANALYSIS ( EXP]T QUALIFICATIONS ( >TI/S & CURATORS1 OR ASSESSM5TS ( ! LEVEL ( COMPLEXITY & SUBTLETY ( ANY SPECIFIC WORK1 IS QUITE A MEAN+LESS EX]CISE4 

,WE W\LD LIKE TO IMAG9E ! POSSIBILITY ( A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T MODEL ( ! >T WORLD4 ,IT'S SOMETIMES REM>K$ ?AT EV5 IF A MODE/ PROPORTION ( ! MA!MATICIANS & S(TW>E 5G9E]S CURR5TLY 5GAG$ 9 DESIGN+ TE*NOLOGY = HI<-SPE$ TRAD+ W]E TO %IFT TO WORK+ ON TRY+ TO DESIGN ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITAL1 WE'D EASILY HAVE AT LEA/ ! \TL9ES ( A DOZ5 VIABLE ECONOMIC SY/EMS LAID \T 9 NO TIME4 ,:AT IF WE W]E TO APPLY ! SAME CREATIVITY WE DO TO 9V5T+ NEW WORKS ( >T1 OR = ?AT MATT] !ORIES AB\T ! NATURE ( >T1 TO IMAG9+ DIFF]5T WAYS ! 9/ITUTIONAL /RUCTURE ITSELF C\LD BE ORGANIZ$8 ,:AT W\LD >T COMMUNISM ACTUALLY BE LIKE8 

,WE WILL D$ICATE ! NEXT *APT]S ( \R ESSAY TO !SE ?\<TS4 

 ,P>T #c3 ,POLIC+ & ,SYMBOLIC ,ORD] 

,! E>? IS A MUSEUM ( HUMANITY1 TRAVEL+ ?R\< ! UNIV]SE4 

--,NIKOLAI ,FYODOROV 

,9 ! FIR/ TWO P>TS ( ?IS ESSAY1 WE ANALYZ$ ! CONTEMPOR>Y >T WORLD LESS 9 T]MS ( H[ IT WORKS ?AN 9 T]MS ( :AT IT DOES1 9 :AT IS AT /AKE 9 ITS EXI/5CE4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL & 9SIDI\S ROLES ! >T WORLD 7AT LEA/ AS IT IS CURR5TLY ORGANIZ$7 PLAYS IS 9 ! CREATION & MA9T5ANCE ( A L>G] SYMBOLIC ORD] HI]>*IZ+ :AT >E CALL$ 0! >TS10 CREAT+ A K9D ( >TIFICIAL SC>CITY ?AT SUBORD9ATES MO/ =MS ( CULTURAL CREATIVITY4 ,9 DO+ SO1 ! >T WORLD HAS P[]FUL EFFECTS ON MANY :O >E NOT EV5 AW>E ( ITS EXI/5CE4 

,O!R WAYS ( ORGANIZ+ HUMAN CREATIVITY >E POSSIBLE4 ,9 ANALYZ+ ! >TIFICIAL PRODUCTION ( SC>CITY1 ! /RATEGIC ADOPTION ( ONLY HALF ( ! ,ROMANTIC CONCEPTION ( CREATIVITY--OR :AT ! ,ROMANTICS !MSELVES CALL$ 0G5IUS0--WE ALSO WANT$ TO ID5TIFY EXACTLY :AT MADE IT POSSIBLE = ! >T WORLD TO PLAY ?IS ROLE1 SO AS TO IMAG9E A DIFF]5T ONE4 ,:AT IF WE SP5T HALF ! CREATIVITY WE SP5D ON PRODUC+ NEW WORKS ( >T ON REIMAG9+ ! 9/ITUTIONAL /RUCTURE ( ! >T WORLD ITSELF8 ,WE SET \T TO EXAM9E ! MATT] HI/ORICALLY1 & CROSS-CULTURALLY1 & ALSO TAKE 9SPIRATION FROM \R [N DAYDREAMS & NI<TM>ES1 TO PRODUCE A ,BORGES-LIKE CATALOG ( POSSIBLE >T WORLDS1 BAS$ ON DIFF]5T PR9CIPLES ( VALUE3 

8 ,:AT IF !RE W]E AN >T WORLD ) ! EXPLICIT AIM ( PRODUC+ GOSSIP8 

8 ,:AT IF !RE W]E AN >T WORLD 9 :I* >T IS AN EXTREMELY SOPHI/ICAT$ =M ( P]SONAL 9SULT DIRECT$ AT ?OSE ! >TI/ HATES 7SU* AS O!R >TI/S78 

8 ,:AT IF !RE W]E AN >T WORLD 9 :I* HUMANS W]E NOT ALL[$ TO P>TICIPATE1 BUT ONLY OBS]VE ! 9T]ACTIONS ( ANIMALS & MA*9ES8 

8 ,:AT IF !RE W]E AN >T WORLD 9 :I* WORKS >E MEANT TO EXPRESS FEEL+S ( %AME & REMORSE 7>T AS APOLOGY78 

8 ,:AT IF ! >T WORLD W]E ORGANIZ$ BY ! GOV]NM5T TO DESIGN PREVI\SLY UNIMAG9ABLE =MS ( S91 OR JU/ BEAUTIFUL PORNOGRAPHY1 !N SELL C>NAL 9DULG5CES PROVID$ BY ! GOV]NM5T TO ABSOLVE CONSUM]S8 

,?IS WAS A GREAT DEAL ( FUN1 & C\LD EASILY HAVE GR[N TO HUNDR$S1 EV5 ?\S&S ( POSSIBLE O!R >T WORLDS4 ,BUT AFT] ! GLOBAL P&EMIC & ! V]ITABLE MASS UPRIS+S ?AT FOLL[$1 IT SEEM$ A TRIFLE FLIPPANT4 ,WE DECID$ TO RECONSID] \R APPROA*4 

,9T] ANNA SIL5T ,MUSAE--! ,MUSES ALL FALL SIL5T :5 CANNONS TALK4 ,BUT P]HAPS ?IS IS TRUE ( ONLY A C]TA9 K9D ( MUSE4 ,WE CAME TO REALIZE ?AT ! IDEAS WE W]E DEVELOP+1 H[EV] IMAG9ATIVE1 W]E ULTIMATELY RE=MI/4 ,P]HAPS1 AS ,BLACK ,LIVES ,MATT] HAS >GU$ SO COG5TLY ( ! POLICE & PRISON-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX1 ! >T WORLD CAN'T BE RE=M$4 ,:AT W\LD IT MEAN TO TAKE AN ABOLITIONI/ POSITION8 

,ON ,MONUM5TS & ! ,RULES ( ,5GAGEM5T 

,BE=E ! GLOBAL P&EMIC1 MU* ( ! WORLD WAS ALREADY 9 A /ATE ( REVOLT4 #bai HAD ALREADY SE5 7MO/LY NONVIOL5T7 9SURRECTIONS EV]Y:]E FROM ,HAITI TO ,HONG ,KONG TO ,LEBANON TO ,REUNION1 AL?\< !SE W]E L>GELY ISOLAT$1 ) V]Y LITTLE COMMUNICATION BETWE5 !M1 OR EV5 MU* MUTUAL AW>5ESS ( ! O!RS' EXI/5CE4 ,9 ! WAKE ( ! P&EMIC1 & ! KILL+ ( ,GEORGE ,FLOYD1 ! GLOBAL UPRIS+ ( SPR+ & SUMM] #bb F\ND A COMMON 9SPIRATION 9 ,BLACK ,LIVES ,MATT] 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & A COMMON LANGUAGE AS A G5]ALIZ$ REBELLION AGA9/ ! POLICE /ATE 9 MANY LOCAL MANIFE/ATIONS4 

,BY SUMM] #b#b1 AT LEA/ TWO %>$ !MES 9 ?IS GLOBAL MOVEM5T HAD EM]G$4 ,! FIR/ IS A PROCESS ( MUTUAL COMMUNICATION1 />T+ FROM A %>$ DESIRE TO DISMANTLE EXI/+ /RUCTURES ( /ATE VIOL5CE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! POPULATION ?AT BORE ! BRUNT ( IT 7,ROMANY 9 ,S]BIA1 MIGRANTS 9 ,ITALY1 = 9/ANCE71 BUT ALSO TO SIMULTANE\SLY BEG9 TO IMAG9E ! K9D ( 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W\LD HAVE TO BE CREAT$ 9 !IR /EAD4 ,! SECOND IS ! DE/RUCTION ( MONUM5TS4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 SOME 9CID5TS ( LOOT+1 BUT SIGNIFICANTLY1 !Y >E NOT CELEBRAT$ BY PROTE/]S1 & >E (T5 ASSUM$ TO HAVE BE5 9T5TIONALLY /AG$ BY POLICE4 ,! ATTACKS ON MONUM5TS1 EV5 IF DE/RUCTIVE1 >E COMPLETELY UNRELAT$ TO LOOT+4 ,MONUM5TS1 LIKE MUSEUMS--OR MORE PRECISELY1 ALONG ) MUSEUMS-->E ME*ANISMS = ! PRODUCTION & DISSEM9ATION ( PUBLIC MEAN+4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT !Y >E ! MA*9]Y BE+ AT LEA/ TEMPOR>ILY SUSP5D$ & SY/EMATICALLY ?R[N 9TO QUE/ION ) PUBLIC GA!R+S 9 SO MANY T[NS & CITIES1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ,U,S4 

,ONE MI<T PUT IT ?IS WAY3 ?OSE :O BROKE \T ( LOCKD[N DIRECTLY 9TO MASS MOBILIZATION MOV$ DIRECTLY TO TAKE OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( ! SYMBOLIC ORD]1 EXPRESS$ ABOVE ALL 9 ! REORGANIZATION ( 7VIOL5T & CRUEL7 PUBLIC SPACE ?R\< ! DE/RUCTION & ALT]ATION ( MONUM5TS4 ,SOME PEOPLE BEMOAN ! DE/RUCTION ( MONUM5TS AS AN ATTACK ON HI/ORY 7?\< ALMO/ NO ONE1 9T]E/+LY1 HAS SE5 IT AS AN ATTACK ON >T74 ,SOME DI/+UI% BETWE5 GOOD & BAD MONUM5TS4 ,WE1 H[EV]1 TAKE ! SIDE ( ,NI*OLAS ,MIRZOEFF1 :O WROTE A FEW YE>S AGO ?AT 0ALL MONUM5TS MU/ FALL40 

,:AT IS A MONUM5T ANYWAY8 ,AFT] ACTIONS LIKE ,N#c 9 ,SEATTLE AGA9/ ! ,W,T,O 9 #a#i#i#i1 ! PR9CIPAL IMAGES ?AT SEEM$ TO REMA9 9 PUBLIC MEMORY W]E3 #a7 AN>*I/S DRESS$ 9 BLACK SMA%+ ,/>BUCKS W9D[S2 & #b7 COLORFUL GIANT PAPI]-MA*E PUPPETS.<#b.>4 

,BUT :Y1 BETWE5 ! TWO1 DID ! POLICE SEEM TO HATE ! PUPPETS MORE8 ,! POLICE 9CESSANTLY TRI$ 9 SUBSEQU5T ACTIONS TO >RE/ ! PUPPETS1 DE/ROY ! PUPPETS1 & ORGANIZE PREEMPTIVE /RIKES AGA9/ ! PLACES :]E ! PUPPETS W]E BE+ MADE4 ,IT GOT TO ! PO9T :]E PUPPETS HAD TO BE MADE 9 HID+1 & ! ,BLACK ,BLOC (T5 HAD TO ORGANIZE ITS DEPLOYM5T L>GELY TO PROTECT ! PUPPETS & !IR ACCOMPANY+ 0C>NIVAL BLOC0 ( MUSICIANS1 CL[NS1 BELLY DANC]S1 /ILT WALK]S1 & SO =?4 

,:Y DID ! POLICE OBJECT SO VIOL5TLY TO ! 0C>NIVAL BLOC80 ,P>T ( ! REASON WAS ?AT US+ >T WAS SE5 AS *EAT+4 ,! ,BLACK ,BLOCS W]E EFFECTIVELY COMBATANTS 9 A W>4 ,MASS ACTIONS 9VOLV$ CLASSIC MILIT>Y-/YLE MANEUV]S AIM$ AT AMBU%+1 \TFLANK+1 SURR\ND+1 OR BREAK+ ?R\< ! L9ES ( ADV]S>IES4 ,AS 9 ANY W>1 !RE W]E LIMITS ON :AT WEAPONS & TACTICS C\LD BE DEPLOY$1 & ?\< !SE LIMITS V>I$ FROM C\NTRY TO C\NTRY1 9 G5]AL ! POLICE W]5'T ALL[$ TO USE DEADLY =CE1 & ! O!R SIDE C\LDN'T USE ANY?+ LIKELY TO CAUSE S]I\S PHYSICAL H>M4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE ?AT !SE RULES ALWAYS EXI/--EV5 9 :AT SEEMS LIKE TOTAL W>1 SU* AS ! ,RUSSIAN FRONT 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 :]E NEI!R SIDE US$ POISON GAS OR TRI$ TO ASSASS9ATE ! O!R'S LEAD]4 

,BUT H[ >E ?OSE RULES NEGOTIAT$8 ,?IS TAKES PLACE AT ! LEVEL ( SYMBOLIC W>F>E1 & ! POLICE1 AT LEA/1 FEEL /RONGLY ?AT ! CREATION ( P[]FUL IMAG]Y TO SWAY ! PUBLIC--& REGULATE :O CAN USE :AT SORT ( =CE 9 :AT CIRCUM/ANCES--%\LD BE C>RI$ \T ?R\< ! M$IA4 ,C]TA9LY1 POLICE REPRES5TATIVES DID ?IS ASSIDU\SLY1 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY TELL+ \TRAGE\S LIES AB\T 0PROTE/] VIOL5CE0 TO JU/IFY MORE EXTREME REPRESSIVE MEASURES4 ,FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! POLICE1 H[EV]1 ! ,BLACK ,BLOC APPE>+ TO ORGANIZE A MILIT>Y-/YLE CONFRONTATION1 & !N 0DEFUZ+0 OR 0DEESCALAT+0 ! SITUATION BY S5D+ 9 PUPPETS & CL[NS1 WAS OBVI\SLY *EAT+4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E DEM&+ ! RI<T TO *ANGE ! RULES ( 5GAGEM5T ON ! FIELD ( BATTLE4 ,PUPPETS BECAME ! SYMBOL = ?IS DEM&4 

,BUT :Y SPECIFICALLY PUPPETS8 ,H]E A FUR!R LEVEL ( ANALYSIS IS REQUIR$4 ,BLACK ,BLOC COMMUNIQUES SPOKE ( 0BREAK+ ! SPELL0--WE >E SURR\ND$1 !Y SAID1 BY GLITT]+ PALACES ( CONSUM]ISM1 :I* SEEM LIKE P]MAN5T MONUM5TS TO A CORRUPT & FALL5 HUMAN NATURE4 ,YET ) A SIMPLE MONKEY WR5*1 ! :OLE FACADE CAN DISSOLVE AWAY 9TO %>DS ( GLASS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 GIANT PUPPETS--:I* C\LD REPRES5T ANY?+ FROM GODS & DRAGONS TO C>ICATURES ( POLITICIANS & CORPORATE BUREAUCRATS--W]E SIMULTANE\SLY DIV9E & RIDICUL\S4 ,!SE W]E OBJECTS ?AT TOOK DAYS1 EV5 WEEKS TO ASSEMBLE1 & W]E PUT TOGE!R COLLECTIVELY BY V]Y L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE4 ,!Y W]E GIGANTIC BUT FRAGILE1 & AFT] A DAY'S USE1 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY CRUMBL$ AWAY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y MOCK$ ! V]Y IDEA ( A MONUM5T4 ,!Y REPRES5T$ ! P]MAN5T P[] TO BR+ ! MONUM5TAL 9TO BE+ AS SOME?+ V]Y L>GE ?AT DOM9ATES PUBLIC SPACE1 & BY DO+ SO SEEMS TO MAKE REAL AN AB/RACTION4 ,SU* A CON/ANT KALEIDOSCOPE ( POSSIBLE MONUM5TS EVOK$ ! SACR$ 9 A =M SO P[]FUL ?AT IT EFFECTIVELY HAD TO BE MADE SILLY4 ,O!RWISE1 ITS P[] W\LD BE TOO T]RIFY+4 

,9 !IR SELF-SATIRE1 ! GIANT PUPPETS W]E ALSO ! MO/ HONE/ ( MONUM5TS1 BECAUSE ANY MONUM5T ?AT PROCLAIMS ! ET]NITY ( :AT IT REPRES5TS--A SCULPTURE1 A MAUSOLEUM1 A /OL5 ,EGYPTIAN OBELISK--IS BY DEF9ITION A FRAUD4 ,! ?+S !Y REPRES5T >E NOT REALLY ET]NAL4 ,IF !Y W]E1 !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO RAISE A MONUM5T4 ,NO ONE EV] BUILT A MONUM5T TO ! PR9CIPLE ( GRAVITY1 OR W9T]1 OR ! SEA4 7,9DE$1 ONE C\LD EV5 >GUE ?AT !RE IS A SLI<T DANG] 9VOLV$ 9 CREAT+ A MONUM5T TO SOME?+ LIKE 0,JU/ICE0 OR ! NATION1 BECAUSE BY DO+ SO ONE IS SUBTLY SUGGE/+ IT MAY WELL NOT BE ET]NAL47 

,REC5T IMAGES ( MASK$1 HEAVILY >M$ POLICE SURR\ND+ ! ,L9COLN ,MEMORIAL 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C >E NOT1 P]HAPS1 AS IRONIC AS !Y MI<T SEEM4 ,POLICE >E1 ESS5TIALLY1 ! GU>DIANS ( ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( MONUM5TALITY--! ABILITY TO TURN CONTROL OV] VIOL5CE 9TO TRU?4 ,EV5 ! LANGUAGE POLICE USE TO DESCRIBE :AT !Y DO 7=CE1 LAW1 P[]7 SUGGE/S ?AT ! ABILITY TO ?REAT5 O!RS ) /ICKS & GUNS1 LOCK !M 9 CAGES1 OR TO PLACE ONE'S KNEE ON !IR NECK UNTIL !Y /OP BREA?+1 %\LD BE CONSID]$ ANALOG\S TO ! PR9CIPLES ?AT GOV]N ! UNIV]SE4 

,ON ,POLITICS1 ,POLICY1 ,POLIT5ESS1 & ,POLICE 

,DUR+ ! UPRIS+S1 >T 9/ITUTIONS L>GELY PLAY$ A 7SOMETIMES SURPRIS+LY7 SUPPORTIVE ROLE1 PROVID+ FOOD & %ELT] = ?OSE FLEE+ OR RECOV]+ FROM 5C\NT]S ) POLICE1 = EXAMPLE4 ,SO IT MI<T SEEM UNGRACI\S TO TAKE AN ABOLITIONI/ POSITION 9 RELATION TO ! >T WORLD4 ,WE %\LD MAKE CLE> ?AT WE DO NOT 9T5D ?IS AS A MORAL CRITIQUE ( 9DIVIDUALS OR 9DIVIDUAL COMPLICITY4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT %IFT+ ! FOCUS FROM 0RACISM0 7:I* CAN EASILY BE TURN$ 9TO A MORAL LANGUAGE ( 5DLESS SELF-EXAM9ATION1 AT ! EXP5SE ( ACTION7 TO OPPOS+ 0:ITE SUPREMACY0 7AS A SET ( 9/ITUTIONAL /RUCTURES PRODUC+ A CONCRETE \TCOME ?AT NE$S TO BE REV]S$1 ?R\< ACTION71 WE WANT TO %IFT \R [N QUE/ION 0IS ANO!R >T WORLD POSSIBLE80 TO FOCUS ON ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( 0! >T WORLD0 AS AN 9/ITUTIONAL P[] HI]>*IZ+ SYMBOLIC RELATIONS ?AT EXT5D F> BEYOND ITS [N REA*4 ,:5 PROTE/]S SAY1 0,! POLICE >E BEYOND RE=M2 !Y MU/ BE DEFUND$ & DISMANTL$10 !Y >E OBVI\SLY NOT REJECT+ ! IDEA ( PUBLIC SAFETY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E 9SI/+ ?AT POLICE 9/ITUTIONS AS !Y CURR5TLY EXI/ >E DETRIM5TAL TO PUBLIC SAFETY1 & = REASONS RUNN+ TOO DEEP = ANY RE=M TO ALLEVIATE2 ?AT WE HAVE TO UND]/& :AT COPS ACTUALLY DO1 FIGURE \T :I* ELEM5TS 7IF ANY7 >E ACTUALLY DESIRABLE1 & DEVELOP O!R WAYS1 & O!R 9/ITUTIONS1 TO DO IT4 ,IT'S ! SAME ) ! >T WORLD AS AN 9/ITUTION ?AT RE/RICTS ! DI/RIBUTION ( SACR$ OR SYMBOLIC MEAN+1 ! MAK+ REAL ( AB/RACTIONS4 

,BUT :AT DO POLICE ACTUALLY DO8 ,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ?IS1 WE NE$ TO UND]/& ! HI/ORY ( H[ POLICE CAME 9TO EXI/5CE1 AS WELL AS H[ !Y CAME TO TAKE ! =M--& CRUCIALLY1 ! SYMBOLIC ROLE--!Y HAVE TODAY4 ,?IS HI/ORY IS NOT :AT WE >E TAU<T TO EXPECT4 ,! IDEA ( SOME?+ CALL$ 0! /ATE0 ONLY REALLY CAME 9TO CURR5CY 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 & MOD]N ,EUROPEAN /ATES W]E ALWAYS POLICE /ATES 9 SOME S5SE1 9 ?AT ! CREATION ( :AT W]E CALL$ POLICE FUNCTIONS WAS A KEY P>T ( EXT5D+ SOV]EIGN AU?ORITY TO ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,BUT !RE IS ALSO A REASON = 0POLITICS10 0POLICY10 & 0POLICE0 7& = ?AT MATT]1 0POLIT5ESS07 ALL %>+ ! SAME ROOT4 ,POLICE AT !IR 9CEPTION HAD ALMO/ NO?+ TO DO ) PUBLIC SAFETY1 LET ALONE 0FI<T+ CRIME0 7:I* WAS /ILL H&L$ BY CON/ABLES & ! LOCAL WAT*72 POLICE W]E !RE TO 5=CE REGULATIONS1 LIC5S+1 GU>ANTEE+ ! FOOD SUPPLY TO CITIES TO PREV5T RIOTS1 MONITOR+ ROOTLESS POPULATIONS1 &1 CRUCIALLY1 TOO1 ACT+ AS SPIES4 7,ANTO9E DE ,S>T9E1 ,L\IS ,X,V'S *IEF ( POLICE1 BOA/$ ?AT IF !RE W]E ?REE M5 TALK+ ON ! /REET1 ONE ( !M ALMO/ C]TA9LY WORK$ = HIM47 ,MOD]N POLIC+ WAS BORN 9 ! E>LY N9ETE5? C5TURY 9 ,5GL&1 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,! NEW1 UNI=M$ POLICE1 :ILE N[ ADV]TIS+ !MSELVES AS CRIME FI<T]S1 MA9LY HAD ! DUAL FUNCTION ( PROTECT+ ! RI* & 0PREV5TION0--:I* L>GELY MEANT =C+ ABLE-BODI$ VAGRANTS 9TO RESPECTABLE LABOR4 

,POLITICIANS BACK !N W]E (T5 REFRE%+LY HONE/ AB\T !IR MOTIVES4 ,MANY W]E QUITE EXPLICIT ?AT !Y HAD NO 9T]E/ 9 ELIM9AT+ POV]TY3 ,PATRICK ,COLQUH\N1 ! FIR/ GREAT !ORI/ ( ,BRITI% POLIC+1 WROTE ?AT POV]TY WAS NECESS>Y TO DRIVE PEOPLE TO 9DU/RY1 & 9DU/RY WAS NECESS>Y TO PRODUCE WEAL? 7JU/ NOT = ! POOR74 ,!Y W]E CONC]N$ ) ?AT SECTION ( ! POOR :O W]E NOT PRODUC+ WEAL?1 OR ?REAT5+ TO TAKE ?AT WEAL? AWAY1 :E!R BY PICKPOCKET+ OR 9SURRECTION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 POLICE W]E ALWAYS POLITICAL4 ,9 ! ,U,S1 = 9/ANCE1 POLICE 9 ! S\!RN /ATES W]E L>GELY COMMISSION$ TO 5=CE ! SEGREGATION ( =M] SLAVES1 :ILE 9 NOR!RN CITIES1 ONE IMPORTANT MOTIVE = CREAT+ PR(ESSIONAL POLICE =CES WAS FE> ?AT ! >MY W\LD PROVE UNRELIABLE IF CALL$ \T AGA9/ /RIK]S DUR+ 9DU/RIAL DISPUTES4 

,9 ?IS S5SE1 POLICE W]E1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 CONC]N$ ) SOCIAL WELF>E1 BUT ( AN 9T5TIONALLY LIMIT$ K9D4 ,:AT WE HAVE COME TO KN[ AS ! WELF>E /ATE1 9 CONTRA/1 IS QUITE DIFF]5T 9 ITS ORIG9S4 ,IT IS NOT D]IV$ FROM ! APP>ATUS ( /ATE AT ALL3 FROM ,SW$5 TO ,BRAZIL1 EV]Y?+ FROM SOCIAL 9SURANCE TO K9D]G>T5S TO PUBLIC LIBR>IES W]E ORIG9ALLY ! PRODUCT ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS3 LABOR UNIONS1 NEI<BORHOOD GR\PS1 BUNDS1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 & SO =?4 ,! /ATE M]ELY COOPT$ !M1 & 9SI/$ !Y BE RUN BY TOP-D[N BUREAUCRACIES4 ,= A :ILE--MA9LY :5 CAPITALI/ /ATES W]E /ILL FAC$ ) ! ?REAT ( ! SOCIALI/ BLOC--?IS COMPROMISE DID PRODUCE WIDESPREAD PROSP]ITY4 ,BUT :AT ! /ATE SEIZES ! /ATE CAN ALSO LOCK AWAY4 ,AS A RESULT1 S9CE ! #a#i#gS & '#hS1 AS REVOLUTION>Y ?REATS FAD$1 ! P[] ( UNIONS WAS BROK51 COMMUNITY GR\PS BEGAN TO BE BROK5 UP1 & ! WELF>E /ATE BEGAN TO BE DISMANTL$1 ! POLICE BEGAN 9CREAS+LY TO TAKE OV] ! PROVISION ( SOCIAL S]VICES ONCE AGA94 

,JU/ LIKE 9 ! #a#h#bS1 ! TRANS=MATION WAS M$IAT$ BY A SYMBOLIC (F5SIVE CLAIM+ ! REAL ROLE ( POLICE WAS 0FI<T+ CRIME0--IT'S H>D TO REMEMB] ?AT1 PRIOR TO ! #a#i#gS1 !RE W]E ALMO/ NO MOVIES1 9 ,AM]ICA OR P]HAPS ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD1 :]E POLICEM5 W]E ! H]OES4 ,SUDD5LY H]OIC1 0MAV]ICK0 COPS W]E ON SCRE5S EV]Y:]E1 JU/ AS ACTUAL COPS1 0SECURITY PR(ESSIONALS10 SURVEILLANCE SY/EMS1 & ! LIKE BEGAN APPE>+ 9 PLACES :]E !Y W\LD ONCE HAVE BE5 UNHE>D (3 S*OOLS1 HOSPITALS1 BEA*ES1 PLAYGR\NDS4 ,ALL ! :ILE1 ! ACTUAL FUNCTION ( POLICE REMA9$ MU* AS IT HAD BE5 9 ! #a#fS3 POLICE SOCIOLOGI/S HAVE LONG NOT$ ?AT REAL COPS SP5D P]HAPS #f-#a#a P]C5T ( !IR TIME ON MATT]S ?AT HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) 0CRIME10 MU* LESS VIOL5T CRIME2 ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( !IR TIME & 5]GY IS SP5T 5=C+ ! 5DLESS MUNICIPAL REGULATIONS ON :O CAN DR9K1 WALK1 SELL1 SMOKE1 EAT1 DRIVE :AT1 :]E1 & UND] :AT CONDITIONS4 ,POLICE >E /ILL BUREAUCRATS ) WEAPONS1 BR++ ! POSSIBILITY ( VIOL5CE1 EV5 DEA?1 9TO SITUATIONS :]E IT W\LD NEV] O!RWISE EXI/ 7= 9/ANCE1 ! SALE ( UNLIC5S$ CIG>ETTES74 ,! MA9 DIFF]5CE IS ?AT1 AS CAPITALISM HAS F9ANCIALIZ$ ITSELF DUR+ ?IS SAME P]IOD1 POLICE HAVE ADD$ AN ADDITIONAL ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTION3 REV5UE COLLECTION4 ,MANY CITY GOV]NM5TS >E 5TIRELY DEP5D5T ON MONEY COM+ 9 FROM POLICE 5=CEM5T ( F9ES 9 ORD] TO BALANCE !IR BOOKS & PAY !IR CR$ITORS4 ,JU/ AS POLICE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL AGE W]E DEPLOY$ TO GU>ANTEE ! CONT9U$ EXI/5CE ( 7USEFUL7 POV]TY1 9 A F9ANCIAL AGE !Y 5SURE ?AT NOT JU/ M9ORITY OR M>G9AL POPULATIONS1 BUT 9CREAS+LY1 ANYONE :O IS NOT A CR$ITOR1 IS TREAT$ AS A CRIM9AL4 

,CLE>LY NONE ( ?IS HAS MU*1 IF ANY?+1 TO DO ) PUBLIC SAFETY4 ,9 FACT1 AT ?IS PO9T1 ! YE>LY DEA? RATE 9 ,AM]ICA FROM MASS %OOT+S ALONE IS P>ALLEL TO :AT ONE W\LD EXPECT 9 A C\NTRY UND]GO+ A M9OR CIVIL W>4 ,AS ABOLITIONI/S PO9T \T1 ,AM]ICANS W\LD BE F> SAF] IF !Y ELIM9AT$ POLICE 5TIRELY1 RETURN$ TO L>GELY SELF-ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL S]VICES1 /OPP$ EMPLOY+ TRA9$ KILL]S TO 9=M !M ( A BROK5 TAIL LI<T1 & CREAT$ A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T ORGANIZATION TO DEAL ) VIOL5T CRIME4 

,:AT ,DOES ,?IS ,HAVE TO ,DO ) ! ,>T ,WORLD8 

,\R >GUM5T IS ?AT JU/ AS POLICE ULTIMATELY OP]ATE TO MA9TA9 POV]TY & :ITE SUPREMACY1 :AT WE CALL 0! >T WORLD0 ULTIMATELY EXI/S TO MA9TA9 A /RUCTURE ( HI]>*Y4 ,:AT HAPP5S 9SIDE ! BUBBLE MAKES LITTLE DIFF]5CE4 ,! ISSUE IS ! EXI/5CE ( ! BUBBLE ITSELF4 ,OR TO PUT IT SLI<TLY DIFF]5TLY1 0! >TS0 >E ORGANIZ$ ! WAY !Y >E BECAUSE 0>T0 SITS ON TOP ( !M4 ,A POOR *ILD GR[+ UP 9 A %ANTYT[N 9 ,BRAZIL OR ,PAKI/AN HAS LIKELY NEV] HE>D ( ANY ( ! NAMES FEATUR$ AT ! LATE/ ,DOCUM5TA1 BUT :ATEV] %E MI<T DREAM ( BECOM+--A RAPP]1 A MOVIE />1 A FA%ION DESIGN]1 A COM$IAN 7BASICALLY ANY?+ O!R ?AN A TYCOON1 A?LETE1 OR POLITICIAN7--IT IS ALREADY RANK$ ON A SCALE 9 :I* 0>TI/0 IS ! P9NACLE4 ,! FACT ?AT MO/ PEOPLE HAVE LITTLE OR NO IDEA :O CONTEMPOR>Y >TI/S >E OR :AT !Y DO CONTRIBUTES TO ! MY/]Y4 

,?IS MAY HELP TO EXPLA9 O!RWISE PUZZL+ CONTRADICTIONS4 ,9 TRY+ TO EXPLA9 :Y IT W\LD BE A BAD ?+ IF \R TR\BLESOME HUMAN SPECIES BECAME EXT9CT1 0>T & CULTURE0 IS (T5 EVOK$ AS ONE ( ! FEW SELF-EVID5T JU/IFICATIONS = \R EXI/5CE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 MO/ PEOPLE F9D >TI/S RA!R USELESS4 ,A REC5T ,SUNDAY ,TIMES POLL *ALL5G$ A ?\S& PEOPLE TO NAME ! MO/ ESS5TIAL & LEA/ ESS5TIAL PR(ESSIONS4 ,! FIVE MO/ IMPORTANT TURN$ \T TO BE DOCTOR_/NURSES1 CLEAN]S1 G>BAGE COLLECTORS1 V5DORS1 & DELIV]YM54 ,BUT ! REAL HEADL9E NEWS WAS ?AT ! LEA/ ESS5TIAL TURN$ \T TO BE >TI/S 7TELEM>KET]S CAME 9 SECOND74 

,!RE'S NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?IS REFLECTS HO/ILITY T[>DS >TI/S1 OR A FEEL+ ?AT !Y W\LD BE BETT] (F COLLECT+ TRA%4 ,RA!R1 IT SEEMS TO REFLECT A FEEL+ ?AT 0>TI/0 ISN'T REALLY A JOB AT ALL4 ,OR P]HAPS ?AT IT %\LDN'T BE4 ,IT %\LD BE A REW>D4 ,IT'S AS IF >TI/S >E SE5 AS PEOPLE :O 9SI/ ?AT !Y1 & !Y ALONE1 ALREADY EXI/ UND] COMMUNISM4 ,PUT ?IS WAY1 IT'S NOT UNREASONABLE TO !N ASK3 ,:Y %\LD NURSES & CLEAN]S HAVE TO PAY = >TI/S8 ,IT'S ALMO/ AS IF ! CONT+5CIES ( RACE1 CLASS1 & NATIONAL ORIG9 SORT US ALL \T 9TO DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL EPO*S1 :]E9 SOME ( US TOIL AWAY UND] CAPITALISM1 SOME >E R$UC$ TO FEUDAL RETA9]S1 O!RS >E EV5 LIV+ UND] DE FACTO SLAV]Y1 :ILE A *OS5 FEW >E ALL[$ TO 9HABIT A COMMUNI/ FUTURE ?AT MI<T O!RWISE 7P]HAPS7 NEV] COME 9TO BE+4 ,%\LD WE BE SURPRIS$ ?AT NURSES & CLEAN]S LOOK SLI<TLY ANNOY$ AS ! >TI/S WAVE FROM !IR COMMUNI/ />CRUIS] FLOAT+ PA/8 

,OBVI\SLY1 MO/ >TI/S DON'T SEE IT ?AT WAY4 ,SOME FEEL !Y >E /ILL BLAZ+ ! TRAIL TO A UTOPIAN FUTURE 9 GOOD AVANT-G>DE FA%ION4 ,BUT BY N[ IT'S JU/ AS OBVI\S A PRETEXT AS SOMEONE TELL+ HIMSELF HIS CU%Y JOB 9 BR& MANAGEM5T ISN'T REALLY HURT+ ANYONE1 S9CE HE DOESN'T ACTUALLY DO MU* MORE ?AN SP5D HIS TIME UPDAT+ HIS ,FACEBOOK PR(ILE & PLAY+ COMPUT] GAMES4 ,MAYBE ?IS IS TRUE ( HIS P>TICUL> JOB1 BUT !N WE ALSO HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( BR& MANAGEM5T IS CLE>LY A DISA/]4 ,! SAME GOES = ! >T WORLD1 S9CE TO 5T] ?IS COMMUNI/ TOMORR[ Y\ NE$ RES\RCES 7& ! >T WORLD'S ATTEMPTS TO =EGR\ND MORE WOM51 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 & SO =? DOES LITTLE TO UND]CUT ?IS72 TO BE RECOGNIZ$ AS AN >TI/1 Y\ NE$ TO SUPPORT A C]TA9 /RUCTURE ( RECOGNITION4 ,TO TAKE AN OBVI\S EXAMPLE1 Y\ NE$ TO %[ 9 MUSEUMS1 ?OSE TEMPLES ( \R CIVILIZATION1 :]E REIGN+ SYMBOLIC CODES >E =M$1 ASSIGN$1 & >*IV$4 

,AFT] ALL1 ! SAME IS TRUE ( COPS4 0,ALL COPS >E BA/>DS0 IS A /RUCTURAL /ATEM5T2 !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 9DIVIDUAL COPS :O HAVE BE5 WELL-MEAN+1 EV5 IDEALI/IC 7,G5E ,RODD5B]RY1 ! CREATOR ( ,/> ,TREK1 SP5T SEV5 YE>S WORK+ = ! ,L,A,P,D74 ,! PO9T IS ?AT !IR P]SONAL *>ACT] OR EV5 P]SONAL POLITICS >E MO/LY IRRELEVANT2 !Y >E OP]AT+ )9 AN 9/ITUTIONAL /RUCTURE ?AT DOES 9E/IMABLE H>M1 & :E!R ANY P>TICUL> B5EVOL5T ACT DOES MORE H>M BY VALIDAT+ ?AT /RUCTURE1 OR GOOD BY MITIGAT+ IT1 IS A SECOND>Y CONSID]ATION4 

,MUSEUMS ,>E TO ! ,>T ,WORLD AS ,PRISONS ,>E TO ! ,POLICE ,/ATE 

,IF WE W]E TO TELL ! HI/ORY ( ! >T WORLD 9 ! SAME WAY WE JU/ TOLD ! 7V]Y ABBREVIAT$7 HI/ORY ( POLICE1 WE W\LD HAVE TO BEG9 ) ! ROLE ( ! MUSEUM4 ,( C\RSE1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION BEGAN ) ! /ORM+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE 7A PRISON71 BUT IT CULM9AT$ 9 ! SEIZURE ( ! ,L\V] ,PALACE1 :I* BECAME ! FIR/ NATIONAL MUSEUM1 EFFECTIVELY 9ITIAT+ A NEW SECUL> CONCEPTION ( ! SACR$ TO BREAK ! REMA9+ P[] ( ! ,*UR*4 

,( C\RSE1 MUSEUMS DO NOT PRODUCE >T2 NEI!R DO !Y DI/RIBUTE >T4 ,!Y SACRALIZE IT4 ,IT'S IMPORTANT TO UND]L9E ! CONNECTION BETWE5 PROP]TY & ! SACR$4 ,TO SACRALIZE IS TO EXCLUDE2 IT'S TO SET SOME?+ AP>T FROM ! WORLD1 :E!R BECAUSE IT IS SACR$ TO AN 9DIVIDUAL 70PRIVATE PROP]TY07 OR SACR$ TO SOME?+ MORE AB/RACT 70>T0 0,GOD10 0HUMANITY10 0! NATION074 ,ANY REVOLUTION>Y REGIME *ANGES EXI/+ =MS ( PROP]TY1 & ! ORGANIZATION OR REORGANIZATION ( MUSEUMS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 ?IS PROCESS1 S9CE ! =MS ( PROP]TY ?AT EXI/ )9 MUSEUMS REPRES5T ! SUMMIT ( ! PYRAMID4 ,!Y >E ! ULTIMATE WEAL? ?AT POLICE PROTECT1 & ?AT ! 9DU/RI\S POOR CAN ONLY SEE ON WEEK5DS4 

,VIRTUALLY ALL MUSEUMS TODAY OP]ATE 9 A WAY ?AT PRODUCES & MA9TA9S HI]>*Y4 ,BY >*IV+1 CATALOG+1 & REORGANIZ+ ! MUSEUM'S SPACE1 !Y DRAW A L9E BETWE5 0MUSEUM0 QUALITY & 0NON-MUSEUM0 QUALITY OBJECTS4 ,BUT !RE IS NO ULTIMATE CONTRADICTION BETWE5 COMMODITIZ$ >T & >T CONSID]$ 9ALI5ABLE & NOT TO BE SOLD1 BECAUSE !Y >E SIMPLY TWO V>IATIONS ( ! SACR$ AS RADICAL EXCLUSION4 ,! FACT ?AT !SE OBJECTS >E SURR\ND$ BY >M$ SECURITY & HI<-TE* SURVEILLANCE SIMPLY S]VES TO UND]L9E TO ANY VISITOR H[ MU* !IR [N CREATIVE ACTS 7SONGS1 JOKES1 HOBBIES1 DI>Y 5TRIES1 C>E = LOV$ ONES1 & PRECI\S MEM5TOS7 >E ( NO P>TICUL> SIGNIFICANCE1 & !RE=E1 ?AT VISITOR WILL NE$ TO RETURN TO !IR NON-MUSEUM LIFE & CONT9UE TO C>RY ON !IR 0NON-9ESS5TIAL0 JOB PRODUC+ & MA9TA9+ ! /RUCTURE ( RELATIONS ?AT MAKES MUSEUMS POSSIBLE4 ,MU* LIKE ! CA!DRALS !Y W]E MEANT TO REPLACE1 MUSEUMS >E !RE TO TEA* ONE ONE'S PLACE4 

,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! >T WORLD--AS ! APP>ATUS = ! PRODUCTION ( OBJECTS1 P]=MANCES1 OR IDEAS ?AT MI<T SOM$AY M]IT BE+ SACRALIZ$--IS BAS$ ON ! >TIFICIAL CREATION ( SC>CITY4 ,9 ! WAY ?AT POLICE GU>ANTEE MAT]IAL POV]TY1 ! EXI/5CE ( ! >T WORLD--9 ITS CURR5T =M--C\LD BE SAID TO GU>ANTEE SPIRITUAL POV]TY4 ,:AT1 !N1 W\LD AN ABOLITIONI/ PROJECT DIRECT$ AT ! >T WORLD ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE8 

,WAYS ,\T8 

,! ,RUSSIAN P>ALLEL TO ! /ORM+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE WAS ( C\RSE ! /ORM+ ( ! ,W9T] ,PALACE 9 ,SA9T ,PET]SBURG1 & ! ,W9T] ,PALACE WAS ITSELF DULY CONV]T$ 9TO A NATIONAL MUSEUM1 ! ,H]MITAGE4 ,! ,H]MITAGE ,MUSEUM SURVIV$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & CONT9UES TO ?IS DAY TO OP]ATE ALMO/ EXACTLY AS IT HAD UND] ,/AL9 & ,BREZHNEV4 ,?IS 9 ITSELF MI<T BE WOR? A MOM5T'S REFLECTION1 S9CE IT SUGGE/S ?AT PROP]TY RELATIONS1 & !RE=E CONCEPTIONS ( ! SACR$1 HAVE *ANG$ A LOT LESS ?AN WE IMAG9$ BETWE5 ,SOVIET /ATE CAPITALISM1 ,YELTS9'S WILD LIB]ALISM1 & ! CURR5T RI<T-W+ NATIONALI/ REGIME4 7,?OSE RUNN+ ! ,H]MITAGE >E1 9 FACT1 RA!R PR\D ( ?IS4 ,!Y SEE IT AS PRO( ?AT !Y REPRES5T A K9D ( BEACON ( ET]NITY47 

,!RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( DISCUSSION TODAY AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( REMOV+ PUBLIC MONUM5TS & RELEGAT+ !M TO MUSEUMS1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 & 9 A RA!R CONTRADICTORY FA%ION1 ( TURN+ MUSEUMS !MSELVES 9TO PLACES ( C>E1 LOVE1 & SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,!RE IS A G5]AL S5SE ?AT ! >T WORLD NE$S TO GET ON BO>D ) ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! POLICE /ATE1 P]HAPS EV5 ?AT >T C\LD BE ONE MEANS ( RE/OR+ ! SOCIAL FABRIC TORN AP>T BY ! F9ANCIALIZATION & SECURITY CULTURE ?AT HAS SPREAD FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO ALMO/ EV]Y:]E4 ,SOME SEEK TO EXPLORE ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 >T1 MONEY1 & SECURITIZATION ITSELF4 

,MANY >GUE ?AT WE %\LD /OP ! MOVEM5T ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( >T T\RI/S >\ND ! GLOBE1 /OP BUILD+ PO9TLESS NEW (FICES1 /OP HO/+ SO MANY EXCLUSIVE PRES5TATIONS & D9N]S ?AT S]VE NO PURPOSE O!R ?AN SELF-CELEBRATION1 & IMAG9E H[ >T C\LD BE ONE ( MANY =MS ( C>E ?AT CONTRIBUTES TO ! REPRODUCTION ( HUMAN LIFE 7$UCATION1 M$IC9E1 SAFETY1 DIFF]5T =MS ( KN[L$GE1 ETC474 ,H[ ELSE C\LD IT BE POSSIBLE = EV]YONE TO CULTIVATE LOCAL >TI/IC COMMUNITIES AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES8 ,!SE >E S5SIBLE PROPOSALS1 BUT !Y LACK ! COH]5CE & URG5CY ( ! DEM&S BE+ MADE TO DEFUND OR ABOLI% ! POLICE4 ,:AT W\LD ANY ( ?IS ACTUALLY MEAN 9 PRACTICE8 ,AS A ?\<T EXP]IM5T1 IF WE W]E TO /ORM ! ,L\V] OR ,H]MITAGE AGA91 :AT W\LD WE DO ) IT8 ,ANY?+8 ,IT'S ALSO POSSIBLE ?AT PALACES SIMPLY DON'T L5D !MSELVES TO DEMOCRATIC PURPOSES4 

,P]HAPS !RE IS MORE 9SPIRATION TO BE F\ND 9 ANO!R REVOLUTION>Y >TI/IC 9/ITUTION--OR1 BETT] SAID1 REVOLUTION>Y >TI/IC 9FRA/RUCTURE--CREAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 :I* C\LD BE SAID TO HAVE 5TIRELY DIFF]5T IMPLICATIONS ?AN ! ,H]MITAGE4 ,UNLIKE ,SOVIET MUSEUMS1 IT ONLY EXI/$ AS A /ATE-RECOGNIZ$ 9/ITUTION = A FEW YE>S1 FROM #aiag TO #a#i#b1 BE=E BE+ =MALLY DISMANTL$4 ,DESPITE ?IS1 ! 9FRA/RUCTURE WAS SO WELL-F\ND$ ?AT IT ALSO1 9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 SURVIVES TO ?IS DAY4 ,IT WAS ! BRA9*ILD ( ,ALEX&] ,BOGDANOV1 AN IMM5SELY POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y :O1 DESPITE BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WELL BE=E #a#i#a#g1 WAS BRIEFLY GIV5 FREE RE9 TO 5ACT HIS VISION ( >T COMMUNISM3 ,PROLETKULT4 

,PROLETKULT AIM$ QUITE EXPLICITLY TO REALIZE ,NOVALIS'S DREAM ?AT EV]YONE %\LD BE AN >TI/4 ,IT AIM$ TO DISMANTLE ! 9FRA/RUCTURE = ! CREATION ( H]OIC1 MONUM5TAL FIGURES TO ALL[ = DIRECT1 UNM$IAT$ RELATIONS BETWE5 PRODUC]S1 & TO R$IRECT SOCIAL 9VE/M5T T[>DS :AT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 DISMISS$ AS 0AMATEURS10 ESS5TIALLY REV]S+ ! VALUES CLAIM+ ?AT >T %\LD BE ANY?+ LIKE A JOB4 ,P>T ( ! AIM1 TOO1 WAS TO REIMAG9E ! V]Y NOTIONS ( 0MUSEUM0 & 0>*IVE0 NONHI]>*ICALLY4 

,!RE HAS BE5 A K9D ( R$ISCOV]Y ( ,PROLETKULT 9 >TI/IC1 ACTIVI/1 & ACADEMIC CIRCLES ( LATE4 ,?IS IS P]HAPS UNSURPRIS+1 CONSID]+ ?AT :AT ,BOGDANOV & HIS ALLIES W]E TRY+ TO ACCOMPLI%1 ON ! >TI/IC LEVEL1 IS REM>KABLY SIMIL> TO ! ATTEMPT TO CREATE ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS CURR5TLY BE+ PUT =W>D BY OPPON5TS ( ! POLICE /ATE4 ,IT MAY BE SURPRIS+ ?AT IT TOOK SO LONG4 ,AFT] ALL1 REVOLUTION>IES HAVE BE5 >GU+ = OV] A C5TURY N[ AB\T ! ,SOVIET GRASSROOTS POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & ! EXP]IM5TS 9 WORK] SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AT FL\RI%$ >\ND ! SAME TIME1 & !IR ULTIMATE SUPPRESSION BY ! 0,SOVIET0 REGIME4 ,PROLETKULT WAS 9 ITS ORIG9 SIMPLY ! CULTURAL MANIFE/ATION ( ! SAME DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS ALSO MORE MASSIVE 9 ITS SCALE ?AN ! ORGANIZATION ( POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & SELF-MANAG$ 9DU/RIES1 & MORE LA/+ 9 ITS EFFECTS4 ,TO GIVE A S5SE ( ITS SIZE3 9 #a#i#b1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION HAD R\<LY #a#e1 MEMB]S4 ,PROLETKULT HAD #d11 & WAS GR[+ :5 ! ,C,P,S,U WAS ACTUALLY %R9K+ DUR+ ! P]IOD ( CIVIL W>4 ,DUR+ ! P]IOD ( #aiag TO #a#i#b--:5 ! MOVEM5T WAS SELF-ORGANIZ$-->TI/IC PRODUCTION CONC5TRAT$ ABOVE ALL ON !AT] 7S9CE !AT] BR\<T TOGE!R VISUAL >T1 DESIGN1 POETRY1 & MUSIC--EFFECTIVELY ALL BRAN*ES ( >T 9 A S+LE COLLECTIVE PRODUCT71 & P>TICIPATION WAS SO WIDESPREAD ?AT EV5 A RELATIVELY SMALL CITY MI<T HAVE DOZ5S ( DIFF]5T !ATRICAL COLLECTIVES OP]AT+ AT A GIV5 TIME4 ,!RE WAS ALSO1 CRITICALLY1 AN ACTIVE $UCATIONAL COMPON5T TO ! MOVEM5T1 :I* ATTEMPT$ TO COLLAPSE ! B\ND>IES BETWE5 ACADEMIA1 POPUL> $UCATION1 SCI5CE1 & ! >TS4 

,LONG BE=E ! CREATION ( ,WIKIP$IA1 ,BOGDANOV & HIS COMRADES ALSO IMAG9$ & BEGAN TO BUILD A NEW 9FRA/RUCTURE = ! REPRODUCTION ( KN[L$GE1 ONE ?AT AIM$ TO DE/ROY ! TRADITIONAL HI]>*IES BETWE5 /UD5TS & TEA*]S1 & SUPPLANT !M ) HORIZONTAL NETWORKS 9 :I* ANYONE C\LD F9D !MSELVES 9 EV]Y ROLE 9 A DIFF]5T SITUATION3 READ]S BECOME WRIT]S1 SPECTATORS BECOME >TI/S1 PRODUC]S1 CONSUM]S1 & SO ON4 ,= ,BOGDANOV1 AT LEA/1 ! REALIZATION ( A WORLD :]E EV]YONE C\LD BECOME AN >TI/ WAS COMMUNISM4 ,?IS DE/RUCTION ( HI]>*IES WAS PRECISELY ! 5D ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION AIM$ TO A*IEVE4 

,! P>TICIPATORY NATURE ( ! PROJECT CLA%$ DIRECTLY ) BO? ! HI]>*Y ( >TS AS IT EXI/$ AT ! TIME1 & ! NEW ,BOL%EVIK PROJECT ( CREAT+ AN EFFICI5T POLICE /ATE4 ,9 FACT1 ,L59'S REACTION TO ,PROLETKULT LAYS B>E ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,9 #a#i#b1 ,L59 IMPOS$ /ATE CONTROL OV] ! PROJECT1 9SI/+ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT HAD A RI<T TO BE 05RI*$0 BY ! HI<E/ =MS ( :AT HE CALL$ 0CLASSICAL CULTURE0--! REIMPOSITION ( ! VALUES ( ! ,H]MITAGE1 & ( MUSEUMS 9 G5]AL1 CORRESPOND$ EXACTLY TO ! TRANSF] ( P[] TO ! SECRET POLICE 7L>GE /ATUES ( ,L59 W]E TO BEG9 GO+ UP SLI<TLY LAT]74 ,POPUL> !AT] & $UCATION DID CONT9UE1 BUT UND] ! CONTROL ( ,LUNA*>SKY'S ,M9I/RY ( ,CULTURE IT WAS EI!R C5SOR$ OR R$UC$ TO PROPAG&A4 

,MEAN:ILE1 AS AVANT-G>DE >T WAS REMOV$ FROM EXI/+ MUSEUMS 7& MANY ( ! >TI/S W]E %OT71 9 ALMO/ EV]Y CITY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION A WORLD H]ITAGE MUSEUM 7A LOCAL V]SION ( ! ,H]MITAGE7 SPRANG UP1 & ALONGSIDE IT A MUSEUM ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,SOVIET >T & A DEEPLY CONS]VATIVE $UCATIONAL SY/EM DESIGN$ TO PRODUCE A BODY ( TE*NICALLY PR(ICI5T CULTURAL SPECIALI/S1 :E!R SOCIALI/-REALI/ PA9T]S OR BALL]9AS4 ,ONE MI<T SAY ?AT ! CREATION ( BOTTOM-UP SOCIAL WELF>E & CULTURAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & !IR GRADUAL REPLACEM5T BY POLICE FUNCTIONS1 :I* TOOK ALMO/ A C5TURY TO ACCOMPLI% ELSE:]E1 TOOK PLACE OV] ! C\RSE ( AB\T ?REE YE>S 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 

,!RE IS /ILL A GREAT DEAL ( DEBATE OV] ! LONG-T]M SIGNIFICANCE ( ,PROLETKULT4 ,:AT'S REALLY /RIK+ TODAY IS H[ ,PROLETKULT1 DESPITE ITS FOCUS ON >T1 (F]S REM>KABLE P>ALLELS ) SOME ( ! PROPOSALS = ! CREATION ( A NEW 9FRA/RUCTURE TO REPLACE \R CURR5T POLICE /ATE4 ,REMEMB] H]E ?AT 0POLICE0 ORIG9ALLY REF]S TO ! IMPOSITION ( 0POLICY10 ( C5TRALIZ$ 9ITIATIVES 7?9K ( ALL ?OSE DECL>ATIONS ( W>--ON CRIME1 DRUGS1 T]ROR1 & SO =?74 ,! EMPHASIS 9 ,PROLETKULT WAS ! DIRECT 9V]SE3 

8 ,>TI/IC PRIORITIES W]E NOT IMPOS$ BY ANY 0C5T]10 BUT RESPOND$ TO ! SPECIFIC NE$S ( PEOPLE--$UCATION1 HEAL?1 EQUALITY1 POV]TY1 & EXI/+ NETWORKS4 

8 ,ALL >TI/IC 9/ITUTIONS W]E TO BE LOCAL1 DEC5TRALIZ$1 HUMAN-CONTROLL$1 CREAT$ BY & EXI/+ = REAL PEOPLE AS !Y ACTUALLY EXI/ 7NOT SOME UTOPIAN IDEAL ( H[ !Y %\LD EXI/7 9 A SPECIFIC NEI<BORHOOD ( ! CITY1 OR EV5 A SPECIFIC /REET1 & CAPABLE ( BE+ *ANG$ BY !M4 

8 ,LOCALISM WAS COMB9$ ) 9T]NATIONALISM ?R\< IMM$IATE HORIZONTAL NETWORKS ( >TI/IC SOLID>ITY >\ND ! WORLD4 ,!RE WAS NO TALK ( CREAT+ A NATIONAL CULTURE1 BUT RA!R1 AN >T ( ! OPPRESS$1 OR A PROLET>IAN CULTURE4 

,REM>KABLY1 MU* ( ?IS IS /ILL 9 PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,:ILE ,PROLETKULT AS A SELF-ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T CEAS$ TO EXI/ AFT] ,L59 HAD ,BOGDANOV REMOV$ & PLAC$ ! 9/ITUTIONS UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,P>TY'S ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ITSELF WAS NOT DISB&$4 ,EV5 N[1 ?IRTY YE>S AFT] ! DE/RUCTION & PRIVATIZATION FOLL[+ ,P]E/ROIKA 9 ALL ,EA/]N ,BLOC C\NTRIES 9 ! #a#i#iS1 ALMO/ EV]Y SMALL T[N 9 ,RUSSIA & MU* ( ! =M] ,EA/]N ,BLOC /ILL HAS A SO-CALL$ 0,H\SE ( ,CULTURE0 :]E ANYONE CAN SP5D !IR FREE TIME ON ANY?+ FROM ,GO CLUBS TO DRAW+ & S++ LESSONS1 FROM PUPPET !AT] TO PA9T+ CLASSES4 ,! PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( ! >TS & REIMPOSITION ( HI]>*IES SIMPLY MEANT ?AT ! NETWORK ( ,H\SES ( ,CULTURE W]E R$UC$ TO 0AMATEUR0 /ATUS1 ) P>TICIPANTS EXPECT$ TO ACT AS UNPAID PROPAG&I/S = ! ,P>TY1 CREAT+ !ATRICAL PRODUCTIONS CELEBRAT+ 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY1 = EXAMPLE4 

,! TEA*]S AT ! ,H\SES ( ,CULTURE W]E PAID1 ?\< NOT MU*1 & !IR SYMBOLIC CAPITAL WAS M9IMAL 5\< = !M TO ATTRACT LITTLE ATT5TION1 :I* ALL[$ ! REMA9S ( ,PROLETKULT TO BECOME A PRIM>Y 5CLAVE = ,SOVIET DISSID5TS1 OR SIMPLY ?OSE SEEK+ ALT]NATIVES TO (FICIAL CULTURE4 ,YOGA1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS =MALLY =BIDD5 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 BUT UND]GR\ND YOGA TEA*]S MI<T WORK !RE1 EV5 IF !Y W]E BE+ PAID TO TEA* SOME?+ ELSE4 ,A PLACE EQUIDI/ANT FROM BO? FAME & 9FLU5CE1 ! ,H\SES ( ,CULTURE W]E ALSO AB\T AS F> AS ONE C\LD GET FROM POLICE CONTROL4 ,MEAN:ILE1 0PR(ESSIONAL0 9/ITUTIONS LIKE UNIV]SITIES1 >TI/ UNIONS1 ACADEMIES1 & SO ON BECAME GATEWAYS TO PRIVILEGE1 0FE$+ TR\<S0 = AN ELITE ) ACCESS TO EXCLUSIVE HOSPITALS & RESORTS4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 RECRUITM5T SOON CAME TO BE BAS$ LESS ON TAL5T1 & C]TA9LY CREATIVITY1 ?AN ON CON=MITY & CONNECTIONS4 ,AS A RESULT1 A HUGE NUMB] ( REAL ,SOVIET 9TELLECTUALS ACTUALLY EM]G$ FROM ! REMA9S ( ,PROLETKULT1 FROM *ESS PLAY]S TO POETS TO ,PAVEL ,FILONOV'S >TI/IC PUPILS TO MA!MATICIANS LIKE ,GRIGORI ,P]ELMAN 7ORIG9ALLY A P>TICIPANT 9 ! MA!MATICS CIRCLE AT ! ,L5+RAD ,PALACE ( ,PIONE]S74 ,LIKE WELL-WRITT5 COMPUT] CODE OR BEAUTIFUL URBAN PLANN+1 ,PROLETKULT TURN$ \T TO BE SO TI<TLY SEWN 9TO ! SOCIAL BODY ?AT IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO UNRAVEL IT4 

,WE WRITE ?IS AT A MOM5T :5 MANY EXPECT GOV]NM5TS TO SOON BEG9 P\R+ MONEY 9TO ! >TS1 P]HAPS AS P>T ( A ,GRE5 ,NEW ,DEAL SIMIL> TO :AT ! ,ROOSEVELT ADM9I/RATION DID AS P>T ( ! ORIG9AL ,NEW ,DEAL 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,?IS MAY OR MAY NOT HAPP51 BUT IF ! MONEY IS DIRECT$ ?R\< ! EXI/+ 9FRA/RUCTURE ( ! >T WORLD1 IT WILL SURELY REPRODUCE A SIMIL> PR(ESSIONALIZ$ ELITE4 ,:AT IF WE W]E TO R$IRECT !SE FUNDS ELSE:]E1 ALONG ) ! BILLION DOLL>S ! ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY ,C\NCIL %IFT$ FROM ! ,N,Y,P,D1 & ! HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( DOLL>S CIRCULAT+ 9 (F%ORE & PRIVATE 9VE/M5TS & >T WORLD C(F]S8 

,:AT IF WE W]E TO CREATE A ,H\SE ( ,CULTURE 9 EV]Y DI/RICT1 EV]Y /REET1 ALONG ) A ,PALACE ( ,*ILDR51 A ,PALACE ( ,P5SION]S1 A ,PALACE ( ,REFUGEES1 BUT ACCORD+ ! ORIG9AL1 SELF-ORGANIZ$ PLAN8 ,:AT IF WE DIDN'T JUDGE :AT ANYONE DID ) ! RES\RCES1 & SIMPLY PROVID$ ! MEANS = ANYONE WI%+ TO P>TICIPATE 9 CULTURAL ACTIVITIES TO SU/A9 !MSELVES & F9D O!RS 9T]E/$ 9 ! SAME PROJECTS--TO GOSSIP1 9SULT EA* O!R1 APOLOGIZE1 SELL 9DULG5CES1 OR CREATE A WAT]P>K OR M9IATURE GOLF C\RSE \T ( =M] MONUM5TS8 ,:AT IF WE DIDN'T ORGANIZE BI5NIALS ) TI]$ ADMISSIONS1 BUT MON?LY C>NIVALS ) CO/UMES & DANCES 9 EV]Y DI/RICT & EV]Y CITY1 AS WE SEE ]UPT+ SEEM+LY SPONTANE\SLY 9 ANY 0OCCUPATION0 FROM ,ZUCCOTTI ,P>K TO ,SEATTLE1 FROM ,*RI/IANIA TO ,ROJAVA8 ,EXCEPT ?IS TIME1 )\T ALL ! COPS4 

,!SE >E JU/ OP5+ SALVOS4 ,9 ?IS ESSAY1 WE WANT TO SUGGE/ ?AT :AT IS USUALLY PRES5T$ AS A DECL9E 9 SOCIAL WELF>E SP5D+1 & CONSEQU5T GREAT] RELIANCE ON ! POLICE1 IS ACTUALLY A CLA% BETWE5 TWO 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONCEPTS ( SOCIAL WELF>E4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 !RE IS :AT MI<T BE T]M$ ! POLICE MODEL ( SOCIAL WELF>E1 :I* USES ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE TO MA9TA9 A REGIME ( >TIFICIAL SC>CITY1 YET ALSO C>EFULLY REGULATES & AMELIORATES ITS WOR/ EFFECTS TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL ORD]4 ,AT ONE TIME ?IS ?REAT ( VIOL5CE WAS L>GELY ORGANIZ$ >\ND DISCIPL9+ LABOR1 BUT TODAY IT HAS %IFT$ TO BECOM+ ITSELF ! PR9CIPLE MEANS = ! EXTRACTION ( PR(ITS1 :I* >E 9CREAS+LY D]IV$ FROM R5TS--CAPITALISM SU/A9+ ITSELF NOT SO MU* BY SELL+ US C>S AS DI/RIBUT+ P>K+ TICKETS & TRAFFIC TICKETS4 ,BUT ! =MS ( ! SACR$ APPROPRIATE TO ! POLICE ORD] REMA9 ! SAME3 PUBLIC MONUM5TS1 MUSEUMS1 & ! >T WORLD4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE >E ! SELF-ORGANIZ$ =MS ( SOCIAL WELF>E ?AT >E EFFECTIVELY EXT5SIONS ( COMMUNAL C>E1 CONVIVIALITY1 OR ! EXPECTATION ( HELP FROM A NEI<BOR 9 AN EM]G5CY4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 ?IS IS ! =M ( COMMUNISM ?AT ALWAYS EXI/S 9 ANY COMMUNITY WOR?Y ( ! NAME1 IF ONLY 9 \R LACK ( DESIRE TO HURT EA* O!R & ! FACT ?AT MO/ PLEASURES >5'T V]Y PLEASURABLE UNLESS !Y'RE %>$4 ,?IS COMMUNAL NOTION ( SOCIAL WELF>E 9V>IABLY1 AS ,KURDI% ACTIVI/S PO9T \T1 G5]ATES ITS [N NOTION ( SECURITY & SELF-DEF5SE4 

,! QUE/ION ?AT REMA9S UNANSW]$ IS3 ,:AT PRECISELY >E ! =MS ( ! SACR$ APPROPRIATE TO ! COMMUNAL NOTION ( SOCIAL WELF>E8 ,WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( 5D+ ) R++ DECL>ATIONS4 ,P]HAPS WE >E JU/ (F]+ A *ALL5GE TO RESPOND TO ?IS QUE/ION4 ,WE CAN'T HELP RECALL+ ?AT ,ALEX&] ,BOGDANOV HIMSELF ?\<T HE HAD A SOLUTION4 ,HE WAS NOT ONLY ! F\ND] ( ,PROLETKULT1 BUT ( ! ,SOVIET ,9/ITUTE = ,HEMOTOLOGY1 :I* WAS CONV9C$ ?AT TRANSFUS+ BLOOD )9 COMMUNITIES C\LD EXT5D HUMAN LIFE 9DEF9ITELY4 ,9 ?IS WAS ! ,RUSSIAN COSMI/ BELIEF ?AT :AT IS ULTIMATELY SACR$ IS HUMAN LIFE ITSELF4 0,! E>?10 ACCORD+ TO ,NIKOLAI ,FYODOROV1 0IS A MUSEUM ( HUMANITY10 ) ! EMPHASIS ON 0HUMANITY0 MORE ?AN 0MUSEUM40 ,EV]YONE DES]VES ! SAME C>E & ATT5TION ?AT WE DIRECT T[>DS MONUM5TS & MA/]PIECES1 & %\LD = ALL ET]NITY4 

.<#a.> ,KAZIMIR ,MALEVI*1 0,! ,QUE/ION ( ,IMITATIVE ,>T0 7#a#i#b74 ,AVAILABLE H]E4 

.<#b.> ,SEE ,DAVID ,GRAEB]1 0,! ,NEW ,AN>*I/S10 ,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW1 NO4 #ac 7,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y #b#b73 #f#a-#g#c4 ,AVAILABLE H]E4 

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