,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #bi 

#ahggahgg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,CL>A ,G>NETT 

,TEXT 3 

,! C>RY+ \T ( ,LEV9'S PLAN PRES5T$ MANY DIFFICULTIES2 BUT 
HE /RUGGL$ ON1 DO+ HIS UTMO/1 & ATTA9$ A RESULT :I*1 
?\< NOT :AT HE DESIR$1 WAS 5\< TO 5ABLE HIM1 )\T 
SELF-DECEPTION1 TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ATTEMPT WAS WOR? ! 
TR\BLE4 ,ONE ( ! *IEF DIFFICULTIES WAS ?AT ! PROCESS ( 
CULTIVAT+ ! L& WAS 9 FULL SW+1 ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO 
/OP EV]Y?+ & BEG9 IT ALL AGA9 FROM ! BEG9N+1 & 
! MA*9E HAD TO BE M5D$ :ILE 9 MOTION4 

,:5 ON ! EV5+ ?AT HE >RIV$ HOME HE 9=M$ ! BAILIFF 
( HIS PLANS1 ! LATT] ) VISIBLE PLEASURE AGRE$ ) :AT 
HE SAID SO LONG AS HE WAS PO9T+ \T ?AT ALL ?AT HAD BE5 
DONE UP TO ?AT TIME WAS /UPID & USELESS4 ,! BAILIFF SAID 
?AT HE HAD SAID SO A LONG :ILE AGO1 BUT NO HE$ HAD BE5 PAID 
HIM4 ,BUT AS = ! PROPOSAL MADE BY ,LEV9--TO TAKE A P>T AS 
%>EHOLD] ) HIS LABOR]S 9 EA* AGRICULTURAL UND]TAK+--AT 
?IS ! BAILIFF SIMPLY EXPRESS$ A PR(\ND DESPOND5CY1 & 
(F]$ NO DEF9ITE OP9ION1 BUT BEGAN IMM$IATELY TALK+ ( ! 
URG5T NECESSITY ( C>RY+ ! REMA9+ %EAVES ( RYE ! 
NEXT DAY1 & ( S5D+ ! M5 \T = ! SECOND PL[+1 SO 
?AT ,LEV9 FELT ?AT ?IS WAS NOT ! TIME = DISCUSS+ IT4 

,ON BEG9N+ TO TALK TO ! PEASANTS AB\T IT1 & MAK+ A 
PROPOSITION TO C$E !M ! L& ON NEW T]MS1 HE CAME 9TO 
COLLISION ) ! SAME GREAT DIFFICULTY ?AT !Y W]E SO MU* 
ABSORB$ BY ! CURR5T WORK ( ! DAY1 ?AT !Y HAD NOT TIME 
TO CONSID] ! ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ( ! PROPOS$ 
S*EME4 

,! SIMPLE-HE>T$ ,IVAN1 ! CO:]D1 SEEM$ COMPLETELY TO GRASP 
,LEV9'S PROPOSAL--?AT HE %\LD ) HIS FAMILY TAKE A %>E ( 
! PR(ITS ( ! CATTLE-Y>D--& HE WAS 9 COMPLETE SYMPA?Y 
) ! PLAN4 ,BUT :5 ,LEV9 H9T$ AT ! FUTURE ADVANTAGES1 
,IVAN'S FACE EXPRESS$ AL>M & REGRET ?AT HE C\LD NOT HE> ALL 
HE HAD TO SAY1 & HE MADE HA/E TO F9D HIMSELF SOME TASK ?AT 
W\LD ADMIT ( NO DELAY3 HE EI!R SNAT*$ UP ! =K TO PIT* 
! HAY \T ( ! P5S1 OR RAN TO GET WAT] OR TO CLE> \T ! 
DUNG4 

,ANO!R DIFFICULTY LAY 9 ! 9V9CIBLE DISBELIEF ( ! PEASANT 
?AT A L&[N]'S OBJECT C\LD BE ANY?+ ELSE ?AN A DESIRE TO 
SQUEEZE ALL HE C\LD \T ( !M4 ,!Y W]E FIRMLY CONV9C$ 
?AT HIS REAL AIM 7:ATEV] HE MI<T SAY TO !M7 W\LD ALWAYS BE 
9 :AT HE DID NOT SAY TO !M4 ,& !Y !MSELVES1 9 GIV+ 
!IR OP9ION1 SAID A GREAT DEAL BUT NEV] SAID :AT WAS !IR 
REAL OBJECT4 ,MOREOV] 7,LEV9 FELT ?AT ! IRASCIBLE L&[N] 
HAD BE5 RI<T7 ! PEASANTS MADE !IR FIR/ & UNALT]ABLE 
CONDITION ( ANY AGREEM5T :ATEV] ?AT !Y %\LD NOT BE 
=C$ TO ANY NEW ME?ODS ( TILLAGE ( ANY K9D1 NOR TO USE NEW 
IMPLEM5TS4 ,!Y AGRE$ ?AT ! MOD]N PL[ PL[$ BETT]1 
?AT ! SC>IFI] DID ! WORK MORE QUICKLY1 BUT !Y F\ND 
?\S&S ( REASONS ?AT MADE IT \T ( ! QUE/ION = !M TO 
USE EI!R ( !M2 & ?\< HE HAD ACCEPT$ ! CONVICTION 
?AT HE W\LD HAVE TO L[] ! /&>D ( CULTIVATION1 HE FELT 
SORRY TO GIVE UP IMPROV$ ME?ODS1 ! ADVANTAGES ( :I* W]E 
SO OBVI\S4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( ALL !SE DIFFICULTIES HE GOT HIS 
WAY1 & BY AUTUMN ! SY/EM WAS WORK+1 OR AT LEA/ SO IT 
SEEM$ TO HIM4 

,AT FIR/ ,LEV9 HAD ?\<T ( GIV+ UP ! :OLE F>M+ ( ! 
L& JU/ AS IT WAS TO ! PEASANTS1 ! LABOR]S1 & ! 
BAILIFF ON NEW CONDITIONS ( P>TN]%IP2 BUT HE WAS V]Y SOON 
CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 & DET]M9$ TO DIVIDE IT 
UP4 ,! CATTLE-Y>D1 ! G>D51 HAY FIELDS1 & >ABLE L&1 
DIVID$ 9TO SEV]AL P>TS1 HAD TO BE MADE 9TO SEP>ATE LOTS4 
,! SIMPLE-HE>T$ CO:]D1 ,IVAN1 :O1 ,LEV9 FANCI$1 UND]/OOD 
! MATT] BETT] ?AN ANY ( !M1 COLLECT+ TOGE!R A GANG ( 
WORK]S TO HELP HIM1 PR9CIPALLY ( HIS [N FAMILY1 BECAME A 
P>TN] 9 ! CATTLE-Y>D4 ,A DI/ANT P>T ( ! E/ATE1 A 
TRACT ( WA/E L& ?AT HAD LA9 FALL[ = EI<T YE>S1 WAS 
) ! HELP ( ! CLEV] C>P5T]1 ,FYODOR ,RYEZUNOV1 TAK5 BY 
SIX FAMILIES ( PEASANTS ON NEW CONDITIONS ( P>TN]%IP1 & 
! PEASANT ,%URAEV TOOK ! MANAGEM5T ( ALL ! VEGETABLE 
G>D5S ON ! SAME T]MS4 ,! REMA9D] ( ! L& WAS /ILL 
WORK$ ON ! OLD SY/EM1 BUT !SE ?REE ASSOCIAT$ P>TN]%IPS 
W]E ! FIR/ /EP TO A NEW ORGANIZATION ( ! :OLE1 & !Y 
COMPLETELY TOOK UP ,LEV9'S TIME4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 ! CATTLE-Y>D ?+S W5T NO BETT] ?AN 
BE=E1 & ,IVAN /R5U\SLY OPPOS$ W>M H\S+ = ! C[S 
& BUTT] MADE ( FRE% CREAM1 AFFIRM+ ?AT C[S REQUIRE LESS 
FOOD IF KEPT COLD1 & ?AT BUTT] IS MORE PR(ITABLE MADE FROM 
S\R CREAM1 & HE ASK$ = WAGES JU/ AS UND] ! OLD SY/EM1 
& TOOK NOT ! SLI<TE/ 9T]E/ 9 ! FACT ?AT ! MONEY HE 
RECEIV$ WAS NOT WAGES BUT AN ADVANCE \T ( HIS FUTURE %>E 9 
! PR(ITS4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,FYODOR ,RYEZUNOV'S COMPANY DID NOT PL[ OV] ! 
GR\ND TWICE BE=E S[+1 AS HAD BE5 AGRE$1 JU/IFY+ 
!MSELVES ON ! PLEA ?AT ! TIME WAS TOO %ORT4 ,IT IS TRUE 
?AT ! PEASANTS ( ! SAME COMPANY1 ?\< !Y HAD AGRE$ TO 
WORK ! L& ON NEW CONDITIONS1 ALWAYS SPOKE ( ! L&1 NOT AS 
HELD 9 P>TN]%IP1 BUT AS R5T$ = HALF ! CROP1 & MORE 
?AN ONCE ! PEASANTS & ,RYEZUNOV HIMSELF SAID TO ,LEV91 0,IF 
Y\ W\LD TAKE A R5T = ! L&1 IT W\LD SAVE Y\ TR\BLE1 
& WE %\LD BE MORE FREE40 ,MOREOV] ! SAME PEASANTS KEPT 
PUTT+ (F1 ON V>I\S EXCUSES1 ! BUILD+ ( A CATTLEY>D & 
B>N ON ! L& AS AGRE$ UPON1 & DELAY$ DO+ IT TILL ! 
W9T]4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,%URAEV W\LD HAVE LIK$ TO LET \T ! KIT*5 
G>D5S HE HAD UND]TAK5 9 SMALL LOTS TO ! PEASANTS4 ,HE 
EVID5TLY QUITE MISUND]/OOD1 & APP>5TLY 9T5TIONALLY 
MISUND]/OOD1 ! CONDITIONS UPON :I* ! L& HAD BE5 GIV5 
TO HIM4 

,(T51 TOO1 TALK+ TO ! PEASANTS & EXPLA9+ TO !M ALL 
! ADVANTAGES ( ! PLAN1 ,LEV9 FELT ?AT ! PEASANTS HE>D 
NO?+ BUT ! S\ND ( HIS VOICE1 & W]E FIRMLY RESOLV$1 
:ATEV] HE MI<T SAY1 NOT TO LET !MSELVES BE TAK5 94 ,HE 
FELT ?IS ESPECIALLY :5 HE TALK$ TO ! CLEV]E/ ( ! 
PEASANTS1 ,RYEZUNOV1 & DETECT$ ! GLEAM 9 ,RYEZUNOV'S EYES 
:I* %[$ SO PLA9LY BO? IRONICAL AMUSEM5T AT ,LEV91 & ! 
FIRM CONVICTION ?AT1 IF ANY ONE W]E TO BE TAK5 91 IT W\LD 
NOT BE HE1 ,RYEZUNOV4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( ALL ?IS ,LEV9 ?\<T ! 
SY/EM WORK$1 & ?AT BY KEEP+ ACC\NTS /RICTLY & 
9SI/+ ON HIS [N WAY1 HE W\LD PROVE TO !M 9 ! FUTURE 
! ADVANTAGES ( ! >RANGEM5T1 & !N ! SY/EM W\LD GO 
( ITSELF4 

,!SE MATT]S1 TOGE!R ) ! MANAGEM5T ( ! L& /ILL 
LEFT ON HIS H&S1 & ! 9DOOR WORK OV] HIS BOOK1 SO 
5GROSS$ ,LEV9 ! :OLE SUMM] ?AT HE SC>CELY EV] W5T \T 
%OOT+4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ HE HE>D ?AT ! ,OBLONSKYS HAD 
GONE AWAY TO ,MOSC[1 FROM !IR S]VANT :O BR\<T BACK ! 
SIDESADDLE4 ,HE FELT ?AT 9 NOT ANSW]+ ,D>YA ,ALEX&ROVNA'S 
LETT] HE HAD BY HIS RUD5ESS1 ( :I* HE C\LD NOT ?9K 
)\T A FLU% ( %AME1 BURN$ HIS %IPS1 & ?AT HE W\LD 
NEV] GO & SEE !M AGA94 ,HE HAD BE5 JU/ AS RUDE ) ! 
,SVIAZHSKYS1 LEAV+ !M )\T SAY+ GOOD-BYE4 ,BUT HE W\LD 
NEV] GO TO SEE !M AGA9 EI!R4 ,HE DID NOT C>E AB\T ?AT 
N[4 ,! BUS9ESS ( REORGANIZ+ ! F>M+ ( HIS L& 
ABSORB$ HIM AS COMPLETELY AS ?\< !RE W\LD NEV] BE 
ANY?+ ELSE 9 HIS LIFE4 ,HE READ ! BOOKS L5T HIM BY 
,SVIAZHSKY1 & COPY+ \T :AT HE HAD NOT GOT1 HE READ BO? ! 
ECONOMIC & SOCIALI/IC BOOKS ON ! SUBJECT1 BUT1 AS HE HAD 
ANTICIPAT$1 F\ND NO?+ BE>+ ON ! S*EME HE HAD 
UND]TAK54 ,9 ! BOOKS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY--9 ,MILL1 = 
9/ANCE1 :OM HE /UDI$ FIR/ ) GREAT >DOR1 HOP+ EV]Y 
M9UTE TO F9D AN ANSW] TO ! QUE/IONS ?AT W]E 5GROSS+ 
HIM--HE F\ND LAWS D$UC$ FROM ! CONDITION ( L& CULTURE 9 
,EUROPE2 BUT HE DID NOT SEE :Y !SE LAWS1 :I* DID NOT APPLY 9 
,RUSSIA1 MU/ BE G5]AL4 ,HE SAW JU/ ! SAME ?+ 9 ! 
SOCIALI/IC BOOKS3 EI!R !Y W]E ! BEAUTIFUL BUT 
IMPRACTICABLE FANTASIES :I* HAD FASC9AT$ HIM :5 HE WAS A 
/UD5T1 OR !Y W]E ATTEMPTS AT IMPROV+1 RECTIFY+ ! 
ECONOMIC POSITION 9 :I* ,EUROPE WAS PLAC$1 ) :I* ! 
SY/EM ( L& T5URE 9 ,RUSSIA HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON4 ,POLITICAL 
ECONOMY TOLD HIM ?AT ! LAWS BY :I* ! WEAL? ( ,EUROPE HAD 
BE5 DEVELOP$1 & WAS DEVELOP+1 W]E UNIV]SAL & UNV>Y+4 
,SOCIALISM TOLD HIM ?AT DEVELOPM5T ALONG !SE L9ES LEADS TO 
RU94 ,& NEI!R ( !M GAVE AN ANSW]1 OR EV5 A H9T1 9 
REPLY TO ! QUE/ION :AT HE1 ,LEV91 & ALL ! ,RUSSIAN 
PEASANTS & L&[N]S1 W]E TO DO ) !IR MILLIONS ( H&S 
& MILLIONS ( ACRES1 TO MAKE !M AS PRODUCTIVE AS POSSIBLE = 
! COMMON WEAL4 

,HAV+ ONCE TAK5 ! SUBJECT UP1 HE READ CONSCI5TI\SLY 
EV]Y?+ BE>+ ON IT1 & 9T5D$ 9 ! AUTUMN TO GO ABROAD 
TO /UDY L& SY/EMS ON ! SPOT1 9 ORD] ?AT HE MI<T NOT ON 
?IS QUE/ION BE CONFRONT$ ) :AT SO (T5 MET HIM ON V>I\S 
SUBJECTS4 ,(T51 JU/ AS HE WAS BEG9N+ TO UND]/& ! IDEA 
9 ! M9D ( ANYONE HE WAS TALK+ TO1 & WAS BEG9N+ TO 
EXPLA9 HIS [N1 HE W\LD SUDD5LY BE TOLD3 0,BUT ,KAUFFMANN1 BUT 
,JONES1 BUT ,DUBOIS1 BUT ,MI*ELLI8 ,Y\ HAV5'T READ !M3 !Y'VE 
?RA%$ ?AT QUE/ION \T ?OR\<LY40 

,HE SAW N[ DI/9CTLY ?AT ,KAUFFMANN & ,MI*ELLI HAD NO?+ TO 
TELL HIM4 ,HE KNEW :AT HE WANT$4 ,HE SAW ?AT ,RUSSIA HAS 
SPL5DID L&1 SPL5DID LABOR]S1 & ?AT 9 C]TA9 CASES1 AS 
AT ! PEASANT'S ON ! WAY TO ,SVIAZHSKY'S1 ! PRODUCE RAIS$ BY 
! LABOR]S & ! L& IS GREAT--9 ! MAJORITY ( CASES 
:5 CAPITAL IS APPLI$ 9 ! ,EUROPEAN WAY ! PRODUCE IS SMALL1 
& ?AT ?IS SIMPLY >ISES FROM ! FACT ?AT ! LABOR]S WANT 
TO WORK & WORK WELL ONLY 9 !IR [N PECULI> WAY1 & ?AT 
?IS ANTAGONISM IS NOT 9CID5TAL BUT 9V>IABLE1 & HAS ITS 
ROOTS 9 ! NATIONAL SPIRIT4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE 
:OSE TASK IT WAS TO COLONIZE & CULTIVATE VA/ TRACTS ( 
UNOCCUPI$ L&1 CONSCI\SLY ADH]$1 TILL ALL !IR L& WAS 
OCCUPI$1 TO ! ME?ODS SUITABLE TO !IR PURPOSE1 & ?AT 
!IR ME?ODS W]E BY NO MEANS SO BAD AS WAS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$4 
,& HE WANT$ TO PROVE ?IS !ORETICALLY 9 HIS BOOK & 
PRACTICALLY ON HIS L&4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahgf 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #bi -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#d1 #bag 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #bi -- ,ADD$4 

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