,ANIMAL ,DREAMS 

#bad 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS IS ! AGE ( DISEMBODIM5T1 :5 \R S5SE ( SEP>AT5ESS FROM ! E>? GR[S & WE >E MEANT TO =GET \R ANIMALITY4 ,BUT WE >E ANIMALS & WE CO-EVOLV$1 LIKE ALL ANIMALS1 9 RAPPORT ) O!R BODILY =MS & ASPECTS ( ! WORLD4 ,M9DS AS WELL AS S5SES >ISE FROM EMBODIM5T1 JU/ AS O!R ANIMALS CONVEY$ MEAN+--UNTIL MOD]NITY1 ?AT IS4 ,WE >E ! TOP ( ! FOOD *A91 :I* MAKES US ! ONLY ANIMAL NOBODY NE$S4 ,HAMLET WAS V]Y MU* (F ! M>K 9 CALL+ HUMANS 0! BEAUTY ( ! WORLD1 ! P>AGON ( ANIMALS40 ,M>K ,TWA9 WAS MU* CLOS]3 0! ONLY ANIMAL ?AT BLU%ES4 ,OR NE$S TO40.<#a.> ,! LIFE =M ?AT IS >GUABLY LEA/ WELL ADAPT$ TO REALITY1 ?AT HAS WEAK] *ANCES = SURVIVAL AMONG ! AT LEA/ #a MILLION ANIMAL 7MO/LY 9SECT7 SPECIES4 ,HUMANS >E AMONG ! V]Y FEW MAMMALS :O WILL KILL !IR [N K9D )\T ! PROVOCATION ( EXTREME HUNG]4.<#b.> 

,! HUMAN SPECIES IS UNIQUE BUT SO IS EV]Y O!R SPECIES4 ,WE DIFF] FROM ! RE/ NO MORE1 IT SEEMS1 ?AN DO O!R SPECIES FROM EA* O!R4 ,NON-HUMAN ANIMALS HAVE R\T9ELY AMAZ+ FACILITIES = ACCOMPLI%+ ?+S BY ACT+ ON 9=MATION !Y RECEIVE FROM !IR 5VIRONM5TS4 ,!Y >E CREATURES ( 9/9CT1 BUT SO >E WE4 ,AS ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT* ASK$1 0:O IS ! MORE ?OR\<LY ACQUA9T$ ) ! WORLD 9 :I* HE LIVES80.<#c.> ,ADAPTATION TO ONE'S WORLD IS A COGNITIVE PROCESS4 ,IF WE WOND] :I* SPECIES IS ! SM>TE/1 ! BE/ ANSW] IS1 MO/ LIKELY3 !Y ALL >E4 

,I ?9K ?AT ,H5RY ,BE/ON IS BEAUTIFULLY HELPFUL3 0,WE PATRONIZE !M = !IR 9COMPLET5ESS1 = !IR TRAGIC FATE ( HAV+ TAK5 =M SO F> BEL[ \RSELVES4 ,& !RE9 WE ]R1 & GREATLY ]R4 ,= ! ANIMAL %ALL NOT BE MEASUR$ BY MAN4 ,9 A WORLD OLD] & MORE COMPLETE ?AN \RS !Y MOVE F9I%$ & COMPLETE1 GIFT$ ) EXT5SIONS ( ! S5SES WE HAVE LO/ OR NEV] ATTA9$1 LIV+ BY VOICES WE %ALL NEV] HE>40.<#d.> 

,9 ! #a#i#hS ,I KNEW SOMEONE :O SIGN$ HIS EXCELL5T ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN WRIT+S & FLI]S 0#g ANIMALS40 ,?AT K9D ( ID5TIFICATION HAS *>M$ ME EV] S9CE4 ,9 RA!R A CONTR>Y SPIRIT IS ! LONG-PREVAIL+ BAN ON ?AT ACT ( APPROPRIATION & GREATE/ S91 AN?ROPOMORPHISM4 ,CORRECT+ ?IS DESP]ATE ]ROR MEANS ?AT 0,A MONKEY CANNOT BE ANGRY3 IT EXHIBITS AGGRESSION4 ,A CRANE DOES NOT FEEL AFFECTION2 IT DISPLAYS C\RT%IP OR P>5TAL BEHAVIOR4 ,A *EETAH IS NOT FRI<T5$ BY A LION2 IT %[S FLI<T BEHAVIOR40.<#e.> 

,:Y NOT TAKE ?IS K9D ( R$UCTIVE APPROA* EV5 FUR!R & SIMPLY REMOVE ANIMALS FROM \R VOCABUL>Y8 ,?IS IS ALREADY UND]WAY1 IF ! ,OX=D ,JUNIOR ,DICTION>Y IS ANY 9DICATION4 ,! #bi $ITION ADD$ SEV]AL TE*NO WORDS LIKE ,TWITT] & MP#c1 :ILE ! NAMES ( V>I\S ANIMALS1 TREES1 ETC4 HAD BE5 DELET$4.<#f.> ,*ILDR5 7& O!RS7 HAVE LESS & LESS CONTACT ) NATURE1 AFT] ALL4 

,BUT !RE IS NO SUB/ITUTE = DIRECT CONTACT ) ! LIV+ WORLD1 IF WE >E TO KN[ :AT IT IS TO BE LIV+4 ,\R [N WORLD %R9KS & %RIVELS1 CUT (F FROM ANIMAL CULTURE1 FROM ! ZONES ( ?AT %>$1 LE>N$ BEHAVIOR4 ,:AT ,JACOB ,UEXHULL CALL$ ! ,UMWELT1 ! UNIV]SE KN[N TO EA* SPECIES4 ,WE NE$ TO BE OP5 TO ! COMMUNITY ( \R BEG9N+S & TO ! PRES5T NON-HUMAN LIFE-WORLD4 

,AMPHIBIANS HAVE BE5 H]E = #c MILLION YE>S2 BIRDS = #ae MILLION YE>S4 ,DRAGONFLIES ASK NO MORE ( ! BIOSPH]E ?AN !Y DID #a MILLION YE>S AGO1 :ILE ,HOMO SPECIES1 >\ND = NOT MU* MORE ?AN ?REE MILLION YE>S1 >E ! ONLY ANIMALS ?AT >E--S9CE DOME/ICATION & CIVILIZATION--NEV] SATISFI$1 ALWAYS PURSU+ NEW WANTS4.<#g.> 

,MI<T IT NOT BE ?AT NATURE IS = ! HAPP9ESS ( ALL SPECIES1 NOT JU/ ONE8 ,WE S5SE SOME?+ LIKE ?IS AS WE SE>* = OASES ( WILDNESS 9 ! VACUUM ( CIVILIZATION4 0 ',HOPE' IS ! ?+ ) FEA!RS10 WROTE ,EMILY ,DICK9SON4.<#h.> 

,WE HAVE MA9LY LO/ ! S5SE ( ! PRES5CE OR AURA ( ANIMALS1 ( ?OSE :O 9HABIT !IR BODIES SO :OLLY1 FULLY4 ,PEOPLE 9 TRADITIONAL 9DIG5\S CULTURES HAVE NOT LO/ ?AT AW>5ESS4 ,!Y FEEL !IR K9%IP ) ALL :O LIVE4 ,SOME ( ! BOND REMA9S EV5 ) US1 H[EV]1 & MAY BE SE5 9 SMALL WAYS--\R 9/9CTIVE LOVE ( SONGBIRDS1 = EXAMPLE4 

,ALL IS NOT SWEETNESS & LI<T 9 ! NON-HUMAN REALM EI!R1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?IS %AK5 & DI/URB$ WORLD4 ,RAPE HAS BE5 OBS]V$ AMONG ORANGUTANS1 DOLPH9S1 SEALS1 BI<ORN %EEP1 WILD HORSES1 & SOME BIRDS1 AL?\< IT IS NOT ! NORM 9 ANY ( !SE SPECIES4.<#i.> ,BUT EV5 9 ANIMAL SOCIETIES M>K$ BY MALE P[]1 FEMALES G5]ALLY REMA9 SELF-SUFFICI5T & RESPONSIBLE = !IR [N SU/5ANCE1 UNLIKE 9 MO/ HUMAN 7DOME/ICAT$7 SOCIETIES4 ,9 SOME GR\P+S1 9 FACT1 FEMALES PROVIDE = ALL4 ,LIONESSES DO ! HUNT+ 9 !IR PRIDES1 = EXAMPLE4.<#a.> ,EA* ELK H]D IS L$ BY A C[1 WISE 9 ! WAYS ( COYOTE1 WOLF1 LYNX1 C\G>1 & HUMAN4 ,& IT IS ALSO ! CASE1 ACCORD+ TO MANY1 ?AT NON-HUMANS CAN BE AS 9DIVIDUALLY DI/9CT AS WE >E4 ,DELIA ,AKELEY CONCLUD$ ?AT 0APES & MONKEYS V>Y 9 !IR DISPOSITIONS AS MU* AS DO HUMAN BE+S10.<#a#a.> & ,B>RY ,LOPEZ COMM5T$ ON ! 0M>K$LY DIFF]5T 9DIVIDUAL P]SONALITIES0 ( WOLVES4.<#a#b.> ,BUT ONE DOES SEE AN ABS5CE ( MANY OLD1 9FIRM1 & DISEAS$ ANIMALS AMONG NON-DOME/ICATES4 ,H[ ! 0FOOD *A90 OP]ATES H]E BR+S UP QUE/IONS SU* AS1 DO WOLVES ONLY KILL ANIMALS ?AT >E NE> !IR 5D ANYWAY--! OLD1 SICK1 9JUR$8 ,?IS SEEMS TO BE R\<LY ! CASE1 ACCORD+ TO ,LOPEZ4.<#a#c.> 

,HI]>*Y & DOM9ANCE AMONG O!R SPECIES IS A LONG-RUNN+ ASSUMPTION1 (T5 A BASELESS ONE4 ,! IDEA ?AT !RE IS USUALLY1 IF NOT ALWAYS1 A 0PECK+ ORD]0 D]IVES FROM A ,NORWEGIAN GRADUATE /UD5T 9 #a#i#b#b4 ,HIS CONCEPT CAME FROM OBS]V+ DOME/IC *ICK5S 9 HIS BACK Y>D & SPREAD VIRUL5TLY 9 ! ANIMAL /UDIES FIELD4 ,IT IS A CLASSIC EXAMPLE ( PROJECT+ FROM HUMAN DOME/ICATION :]E1 ( C\RSE1 HI]>*Y & DOM9ANCE >E 9DE$ ! RULE4 ,ITS UNIV]SALITY UNRAVELS ) ! FACT ?AT P\LTRY Y>D PECK+ ORD]S >E NOT OBS]V$ 9 WILD FLOCKS4 

,SIMIL> IS ! FALLACY ?AT ! ,FREUDIAN P>ADIGM ( MURD]\S RIVALRY BETWE5 FA!RS & SONS REPRES5TS ! /ATE ( NATURE4 ,QUE/IONABLE 9 ! FIR/ APPLICATION2 EV5 MORE SO1 EVID5TLY1 REG>D+ NON-HUMANS4 ,MASSON & ,MC,C>?Y REF] TO ZEBRA1 KIWI1 BEAV]1 WOLF1 & MONGOOSE FA!RS EXHIBIT+ ACCEPTANCE & AFFECTION T[>D !IR (FSPR+4.<#a#d.> ,S\? ,AM]ICAN MURIQUI MONKEYS1 FEMALE & MALE1 >E NON-AGGRESSIVE1 TOL]ANT & COOP]ATIVE4 ,/EVE ,KEMP]'S 0,NO ,ALPHA ,MALES ,ALL[$0 FOCUSES ON ,K>5 ,/RI]'S WORK ) ! MURIQUI1 :I* SUBV]TS ! DOM9ANT VIEW ( MALE PRIMATES4.<#a#e.> ,AMONG ,ASIAN GIBBONS1 PRIMATES ?AT LIVE 9 PAIRS1 ! MALE MAY /AY ) HIS MATE A V]Y LONG TIME AFT] SEXUAL ACTIVITY HAS CEAS$4.<#a#f.> 

,JOHN ,MUIR DESCRIB$ A GOOSE ATTACK+ A HUNT] 9 SUPPORT ( A W\ND$ COMPANION3 0,NEV] BE=E HAD ,I REG>D$ WILD GEESE AS DANG]\S1 OR CAPABLE ( SU* NOBLE SELF-SACRIFIC+ DEVOTION40.<#a#g.> ,GEESE MATE MONOGAM\SLY & = LIFE4 

,WIDESPREAD AMONG NON-HUMANS >E ! SOCIAL TRAITS ( P>5TAL C>E1 COOP]ATIVE =AG+1 & RECIPROCAL K9DNESS OR MUTUAL AID4 ,M>Y ,MIDGLEY1 9 SUM1 REF]R$ TO 0!IR NATURAL DISPOSITION TO LOVE & TRU/ ONE ANO!R40.<#a#h.> ,ALSO1 TO LOVE & TRU/ O!RS1 SU* AS HUMANS1 TO ! PO9T ( RAIS+ !M4 ,JACQUES ,GRAV51 9 A /RIK+ F9D+1 REF]S TO *ILDR5 HAV+ BE5 ADOPT$ BY WOLVES1 BE>S1 GAZELLES1 PIGS1 & %EEP4.<#a#i.> 

,9 HIS IRRESI/IBLE ,DES]T ,SOLITAIRE1 ! CANTANK]\S ,$W>D ,ABBEY IMAG9ES ?AT ! FROGS HE HE>S S++ DO SO = V>I\S PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 0BUT ALSO \T ( SPONTANE\S LOVE & JOY40.<#b.> ,N4,J4 ,B]RILL DECL>$3 0,TO BE A BIRD IS TO BE ALIVE MORE 9T5SELY ?AN ANY O!R LIV+ CREATURE1 MAN 9CLUD$444!Y LIVE 9 A WORLD ?AT IS ALWAYS ! PRES5T1 & MO/LY FULL ( JOY40.<#b#a.> ,TO ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT* IT SEEM$ ?AT WE HAVE SE5 \R CAPACITY = JOY ATROPHY4 ,= ANIMALS1 HE DECID$1 0JOY SEEMS TO BE MORE IMPORTANT & MORE ACCESSIBLE ?AN IT IS TO US40.<#b#b.> 

,V>I\S NON-HUMAN 9TELLIG5CES SEEM LATELY TO BE MU* MORE HI<LY REG>D$ ?AN 9 ! PA/4 ,JOHN ,HOPTAS & ,KRI/9E ,SAMUELSON'S ,TOKYO ,WAKA1 A #bac DOCUM5T>Y FILM1 LOOKS AT RES\RCEFUL URBAN CR[S4 ,H[ !Y USE !IR BEAKS TO %APE TWIGS 9TO HOOKS TO SNAG GRUBS FROM TREES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,9 #b#b1 A ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA CR[ NAM$ ,BETTY WAS DECL>$ BY AN ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY RESE>*] TO HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ ANIMAL TO CREATE A TOOL = A SPECIFIC TASK )\T TRIAL & ]ROR1 SOME?+ PRIMATES HAVE EVID5TLY YET TO A*IEVE4 ,ELEPHANTS' ACTIONS1 ACCORD+ TO ,J4,H4 ,WILLIAMS1 >E 0ALWAYS REVEAL+ AN 9TELLIG5CE :I* F9DS IMPROMPTU SOLUTIONS = DIFFICULTIES40.<#b#c.> 

,MORE SURPRIS+ IS :AT IS COM+ TO LI<T AB\T ANIMALS WE USUALLY CONSID] TO BE FUR!R D[N ! 0FOOD *A940 ,KA!R9E ,H>MON ,C\RAGE HAS UNCOV]$ H]ET(ORE UNSE5 CAPACITIES ( ! OCTOPUS4 0,IT CAN SOLVE MAZES1 OP5 J>S1 USE TOOLS4 ,IT EV5 HAS :AT SEEMS TO BE A SOPHI/ICAT$ 9N] LIFE40 ,C\RAGE GOES ON TO /ATE ?AT ! OCTOPUS 0HAS A BRA9 UNLIKE ?AT ( ALMO/ ANY CREATURE WE MI<T ?9K ( AS 9TELLIG5T40.<#b#d.> ,ALONG !SE L9ES IS A GR[+ 9T]E/ 9 0COLD-BLOOD$ COGNITION10 ) REC5T /UDIES REVEAL+ ?AT REPTILE BRA9S >E NOT AS UNDEVELOP$ AS WE IMAG9$4 ,LIZ>DS & TORTOISES1 = 9/ANCE1 HAVE EXHIBIT$ IMPRESSIVE PROBLEM-SOLV+ CAPABILITIES4.<#b#e.> 

,JACQUES ,GRAV5 WAS AMAZ$ TO LE>N ?AT ! ME?OD ( SOLV+ A MAZE IS 0SC>CELY DIFF]5T = A ROA* ?AN = A RAT10 & ?AT /RIK+ A*IEVEM5TS BY MAMMALS 0REAPPE> 9 ALMO/ ID5TICAL =M 9 9SECTS40.<#b#f.> ,SPEAK+ ( MAZES & ! LIKE1 IT MAY BE ADD$ ?AT V]Y LITTLE ( IMPORTANT TRU? IS TO BE F\ND 9 CONTROLL$ LABORATORY EXP]IM5TS1 :I*EV] SPECIES MAY BE SUBJECT$ TO !M4 

,MEMORY IS IMPORTANT TO MANY CREATURES AS AN AID TO SURVIVAL4 ,! WORK ( ANIMAL SCI5TI/ ,TETSURO ,MATSUZAWA DEMON/RATES ?AT *IMPANZEES HAVE F> /RONG] MEMORIES ?AN HUMANS4.<#b#g.> ,KATYDIDS HAVE A HE>+ RANGE MANY TIMES ?AT ( \RS4 ,HONEYBEES CAN SEE ULTRAVIOLET LI<T1 9VISIBLE TO US4 ,! I*NEUMON FLY CAN SMELL ?R\< SOLID WOOD4 ,A MON>* BUTT]FLY'S S5SE ( TA/E IS TWO HUNDR$ TIMES AS S5SITIVE AS ! HUMAN TONGUE4 ,! DUNG BEETLE F9DS ITS WAY ) REF]5CE TO ! ,MILKY ,WAY4 ,ANIMALS ) F\R LEGS1 & :O DON'T WE> %OES1 PROBABLY PICK UP ON A V>IETY ( EMANATIONS OR VIBRATIONS LO/ ON US4 ,H[ AB\T PET DOGS OR CATS :O >E SEP>AT$ BY HUNDR$S ( MILES FROM !IR HO/ FAMILIES1 & SOMEH[ F9D !M8 ,ONLY A K9D ( TELEPA?Y C\LD ACC\NT = ! V]Y MANY SU* CASES4 

,A GREAT DEAL MORE C\LD BE SAID AB\T ! GIFTS ( ANIMALS4 ,OR AB\T !IR PLAY4 ,IT IS NOT 0AN?ROPOMORPHIC0 TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ANIMALS PLAY4 ,CONSID] ! MAT+ DANCES ( BIRDS4 ,I HAVE SE5 ! WOND]FUL DAWN DANCES ( ! S&HILL CRANE4 ,!Y DANCE1 & HAVE 9SPIR$ AN 5DLESS LI/ ( HUMAN SOCIETIES4 ,:AT ( WILD GEESE1 :OSE MAT*LESS GRACE1 ELEGANCE & DEVOTION PUT US HUMANS TO %AME8 

,9DIVIDUALS ( MANY SPECIES OP]ATE ON AN AW>5ESS ?AT !RE IS A DI/9CTION BETWE5 0SELF0 & 0NON-SELF40 ,A MEMB] ( ONE SPECIES CAN ALWAYS RECOGNIZE ANO!R ( ! SAME SPECIES4 ,!SE K9DS ( SELF-RECOGNITION >E OBVI\S4 ,ANO!R 9/ANCE IS ?AT ( GRIZZLY BE>S HID+ \T ( SI<T ( HUMANS & O!RS4 ,!RE IS A CONSCI\SNESS ?AT ! :OLE BODY--! 0SELF0 IF Y\ WILL--MU/ BE CONCEAL$4 

,BUT DO NON-HUMANS REALIZE ?AT !Y >E 0SELVES08 ,DO !Y HAVE SELF-AW>5ESS SU* ?AT !Y REALIZE !IR MORTALITY8 ,MANY POSIT AN ABS5CE ( SELF-REFLECTION & MAKE ?IS SUPPOS$ ABS5CE ! PRIM>Y DIVID+ L9E BETWE5 HUMANS & ALL O!R ANIMALS4 ,BEES USE SIGNS1 BUT >E NOT CONSCI\S ( !IR SIGN+4 ,ON :AT BASIS1 H[EV]1 CAN WE MAKE ASSUMPTIONS AB\T :AT BEES OR O!R ANIMALS KN[ OR DO NOT KN[8 ,*IMPANZEES & ORANGUTANS RECOGNIZE !MSELVES 9 A MIRROR2 GORILLAS CANNOT4 ,:AT EXACTLY DOES ?IS REVEAL8 ,!RE IS QUITE A SET ( UNRESOLV$ QUE/IONS1 9 FACT1 AS TO H[ CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS1 ESPECIALLY 9 LI<T ( ! FACT ?AT CONSCI\SNESS 9 \RSELVES IS SU* A COMPLETELY ELUSIVE ?+4 ,! COMPLEX1 V]SATILE1 & ADAPTIVE RESPONSES WE SEE AS A RULE AMONG ! LIV+ ON ?IS PLANET MAY OR MAY NOT BE GUID$ BY SELF-AW>5ESS4 ,BUT SELF-AW>5ESS IS NOT LIKELY AN ALL-OR-NO?+ PH5OM5ON4 ,! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HUMANS & O!RS HAVE NOT BE5 E/ABLI%$ AS RADICAL2 !Y >E PROBABLY MORE A MATT] ( DEGREE4 ,MORE FUNDAM5TALLY1 WE DO NOT KN[ H[ TO EV5 COMPREH5D CONSCI\SNESSES DIFF]5T FROM \R [N4 

,\R CONCEPT ( SELF-AW>5ESS1 VAGUE ?\< IT IS1 SEEMS TO BE ! GOLD /&>D = EVALUAT+ NON-HUMANS4 ,! O!R WAT]%$ CONDITION IS ?AT ( LANGUAGE3 >E WE ! ONLY SPECIES ?AT POSSESS IT8 ,& !SE TWO B5*M>KS >E COMMONLY RUN TOGE!R1 9 ! ASSUMPTION ?AT CONSCI\SNESS CAN ONLY BE EXPRESS$ BY MEANS ( LANGUAGE4 ,IT IS TEMPT+ TO SEE 9 LANGUAGE ! EXPLANATION = CONSCI\SNESS1 TO WOND] :E!R ! LATT] IS ONLY APPLICABLE TO LANGUAGE-US+ BE+S4 ,9DE$ IT CAN SEEM V]Y DIFFICULT TO ?9K AB\T ! /ATE ( \R M9DS )\T REC\RSE TO LANGUAGE4 ,BUT IF LANGUAGE W]E ! ONLY BASIS ( A ?9K+ ORD]1 ALL NON-HUMAN ANIMALS W\LD LIVE 9 A COMPLETELY DISORD]$ WORLD1 AFT] ALL4 

,WOLVES1 DOGS1 DOLPH9S1 ELEPHANTS1 :ALES1 TO NAME A FEW1 CAN VOCALIZE AT AB\T ! RANGE ( HUMAN REGI/RY4 ,HUMPBACK :ALE 0SONGS0 >E COMPLEX 9TRA-SPECIES =MS ( CULTURAL EXPRESSION ACROSS VA/ DI/ANCES4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT ANIMALS' CALLS >E1 OV]ALL1 MORE A MATT] ( DO+ ?AN ( MEAN+4 

,IF WE LOOK = \R K9D ( SYMBOLIC MEAN+1 IT DOES NOT SEEM TO BE SU/A9$ AMONG \R FELL[ ANIMALS4 ,9 !IR NATURAL /ATE1 P>ROTS NEV] IMITATE ! HUMAN VOICE2 SPECIES ?AT MAY BE SE5 TO DRAW 9 CAPTIVITY DO NOT DO SO 9 ! WILD4 ,PRIMATES TRA9$ TO MA/] LANGUAGE DO NOT USE IT LIKE HUMANS4 ,H]B]T ,T]RACE1 ONCE A CONV9C$ APE-LANGUAGE RESE>*]1 BECAME ONE ( ITS H>%E/ CRITICS4 ,TRY+ TO WRE/ 0A FEW TIDBITS ( LANGUAGE FROM A *IMPANZEE .<:O IS.> TRY+ TO GET REW>DS10 SAYS ,T]RACE1 PRODUCES NO?+ MU* ( IMPORTANCE4.<#b#h.> 

,ANIMALS DON'T DO :AT HUMANS DO VIA SPEE*1 NAMELY1 MAKE A SYMBOL /& 9 = ! ?+4.<#b#i.> ,AS ,TIM ,+OLD PUTS IT1 0!Y DO NOT IMPOSE A CONCEPTUAL GRID ON ! FL[ ( EXP]I5CE & H5CE DO NOT 5CODE ?AT EXP]I5CE 9 SYMBOLIC =MS40.<#c.> ,AN AMAZ+ RI*NESS ( SIGNAL+1 ( ! MO/ V>I$ K9DS1 DOES NOT EQUATE TO SYMBOLIZ+4 ,:5 A CREATURE PRES5TS ITS 9T5TIONAL ACTS1 IT DOES SO )\T ! NE$ TO DESCRIBE !M1 TO RE-PRES5T !M4 

,! POET ,RI*>D ,GROSSMAN F\ND ?AT TRU? IS 0! WAY IT TELLS ITSELF40.<#c#a.> ,JACQUES ,LACAN SAW ! ORI5TATION T[>D REPRES5TATION AS A LACK2 ! ANIMAL IS )\T ! LACK ?AT CON/ITUTES ! HUMAN SUBJECT4 ,AT ! HE>T ( NATURE1 WROTE ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT*1 >E ! VALUES 0AS YET UNCAPTUR$ BY LANGUAGE20 HE ADD$ ?AT ! QUALITY ( CRANES LIES 0BEYOND ! NE$ ( WORDS40.<#c#b.> 

,I'VE LONG WOND]$ H[ IT IS ?AT SO MANY ANIMALS LOOK Y\ 9 ! EYE4 ,:AT DO !Y MEAN BY IT8 ,GAV9 ,MAXWELL 5JOY$ ! 0WOND]+ 9QUISITIV5ESS0 ( ! EYES ( ,CANADIAN PORPOISES1.<#c#c.> :ILE ,DIANE ,FOSSEY'S ,GORILLAS 9 ! ,MI/ IS FILL$ ) EXAMPLES ( GORILLAS & HUMANS GAZ+ ON ONE ANO!R 9 TRU/4 ,JOHN ,MUIR WROTE ( ,/ICKE51 AN ,ALASKAN DOG ) :OM ,MUIR SURVIV$ A LIFE-?REAT5+ SITUATION1 0,HIS /R5G? ( *>ACT] LAY 9 HIS EYES4 ,!Y LOOK$ AS OLD AS ! HILLS1 & AS Y\NG1 & AS WILD4.<#c#d.>0 ,JOHN ,LANE WAS DRAWN BY ! EYES ( ALLIGATORS1 AN EXP]I5CE 0NOT TO BE =GOTT54 ,!IR BLACK EYES HOLD /EADY AS IF />+ ?R\< MILLIONS ( MILES OR YE>S40.<#c#e.> 

,MAYBE !RE'S MORE TO BE LE>N$ !RE1 9 ?OSE DIRECT W9D[S1 9 ?AT OP5NESS & IMM$IACY1 ?AN BY MEANS ( QUITE POSSIBLY UNANSW]ABLE QUE/IONS AB\T CONSCI\SNESS & LANGUAGE4 ,& IF WE C\LD SOMEH[ SEE ) ?OSE EYES1 W\LD IT POSSIBLY ALL[ US TO REALLY SEE \RSELVES8 

,!RE IS AN UNM$IAT$ OP5NESS AB\T ! EYES4 ,DEA? MAY BE M5TION$ H]E1 AS P]HAPS ! LEA/ M$IAT$ EXP]I5CE1 OR C]TA9LY AMONG !M4 ,LOR5 ,EISELEY1 NE> HIS [N 5D1 FELT ?AT WILD ?+S DIE 0)\T QUE/ION1 )\T KN[L$GE ( M]CY 9 ! UNIV]SE1 KN[+ ONLY !MSELVES & !IR [N PA?WAY TO ! 5D40.<#c#f.> ,]NE/ ,SETON-,?OMPSON'S ,BIOGRAPHY ( A ,GRIZZLY 7#a#i#a7 CONTA9S MU* AB\T DEA?4 ,TODAY WE >E EV] MORE DI/ANC$ FROM 5C\NT]+ ! REALITY ( DEA?--& ANIMALS4 ,AS \R LIVES %R9K1 ,?OREAU'S WORDS FROM #ahei >E ALL ! MORE TRUE3 0,IT SEEMS AS IF NO MAN HAD EV] DI$ 9 ,AM]ICA2 = 9 ORD] TO DIE Y\ MU/ FIR/ HAVE LIV$40.<#c#g.> ,ONE NE$ ONLY ADD1 IT ISN'T HUMANS :O KN[ H[ TO DIE1 BUT ! ANIMALS4 

,AS IF 9 ACKN[L$GM5T1 HUMANS HAVE EXACT$ A REV5GE ON SELECT$ SPECIES4 ,DOME/ICATION IS A K9D ( DEA?1 =C+ ANIMAL VITALITY 9TO A SUBJUGAT$ /ATE4 ,:5 ANIMALS >E COLONIZ$ & APPROPRIAT$1 BO? DOME/ICAT$ & DOME/ICATORS >E QUALITATIVELY R$UC$4 ,IT IS ! PROV]BIAL 0GREATE/ MI/AKE 9 HUMAN HI/ORY0 = ALL CONC]N$4 ,! DIRECT VICTIMS1 ONCE QUITE ABLE TO TAKE C>E ( !MSELVES1 LOSE AUTONOMY1 FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T1 BRA9 SIZE1 & :AT ,KRUT* CALL$ ! 0H]OIC VIRTUES40.<#c#h.> 

,A F>M PIG IS ALMO/ AS MU* A HUMAN >TIFACT AS ! F>M]'S TRACTOR4 ,COMP>E TO A WILD BO>4 ,WILD MEANS FREE4 ,TO ,JOHN ,MUIR1 WILD %EEP REPRES5T$ CONDITIONS BE=E ! ,FALL2 CONV]SELY1 HE DECID$1 0,IF A DOME/IC %EEP WAS ANY 9DICATION1 ,MAN'S WORK HAD BE5 DEGRAD+ = HIMSELF & HIS *>GES40.<#c#i.> ,! LEVEL ( AN ANIMAL'S P]FECTION1 AS ,NIETZS*E SAW IT1 WAS !IR 0DEGREE ( WILDNESS & !IR P[] TO EVADE DOME/ICATION40.<#d.> ,9 LI<T ( ! VA/ PICTURE ( OPPRESSION1 ,DAVID ,NIB]T CALLS ! 9/ITUTION 0DOMESECRATION10 & IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT OBJECTIONS HAVE BE5 RAIS$ AGA9/ EV5 US+ ! SAME NAME = WILD & DOME/IC MEMB]S ( A SPECIES4 

,9DU/RIALISM ( C\RSE BR\<T F> WORSE LIVES ON A MASS SCALE1 MASS MIS]Y TO FE$ MASS SOCIETY4 ,ZOOS & M>9E P>KS %[CASE FUR!R SLAV]Y1 A FITT+ COMPLEM5T TO ! CAPTIVITY AT L>GE4 ,AS ! UNBUILT1 UNMASSIFI$ WORLD REC$ES1 ! L9E BETWE5 UNDOME/ICAT$ & DOME/ICAT$ HAS BLURR$4 ,PRETTY MU* EV]Y?+ REQUIRES MANAG+1 UP TO & 9CLUD+ ! OXYMORON 0WILDLIFE MANAGEM5T40 ,WE >E N[ 9 FACT 9 A NEW AGE ( DOME/ICATION1 9CLUD+ AN UNPREC$5T$ ESCALATION ( CONTROLL$ ANIMAL BRE$+ 9 REC5T DECADES4.<#d#a.> 

,! COMPLETELY NON-BIOC5TRIC1 HUMANI/ MY? ( IMMORTALITY IS P>T ( ! E?OS ( DOME/ICATION1 ITS RITUALS FOCUS$ ON SACRIFICE RA!R ?AN ON ! FRE$OM ( PRE-DOME/ICAT$ LIFE4 ,FREUD'S ,O$IPAL FAMILY MODEL IS A PRODUCT ( JO9TLY DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS & ! FA!R4 ,LACAN'S =MULATIONS (T5 /EM FROM F9D+S AB\T CAG$ ANIMALS1 & ,KRI/EVA'S NOTION ( ABJECTION OR DI/URB+ ?REAT1 AT BASE1 REF]S TO ! ACT ( DOME/ICAT+4 ,BUT ! NON- DOME/ICAT$ DO NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ASSIMILATION 9TO ! CONQU]$ :OLE1 9 ,FREUDIAN T]MS OR O!RWISE4 

,ONCE !RE WAS A COMMUNAL LIFE ( ORGANISMS 9 AN ECOSY/EM4 ,LIFE F$ ON LIFE1 BUT NOT 9 A DE/RUCTIVE TRAJECTORY4 ,EV5 N[ WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT ! VICTORY ( DOME/ICATION IS F> FROM TOTAL4 ,MANY SPECIES1 = V>I\S REASONS1 >E \TSIDE ITS ORBIT4 0,! LION TAM] DOESN'T ACTUALLY TAME ANY?+10 ,JOHN ,H>R+TON REM9DS US4 ,HE MU/ /AY )9 ! B\ND>IES ! CATS HAVE E/ABLI%$4.<#d#b.> 

0,ALMO/ EV]Y?+ AB\T :ALES IS A TANTALIZ+ MY/]Y10 CONCLUD$ ,DIANE ,ACK]MAN4.<#d#c.> ,W5DELL ,B]RY QUOTES HIS DAU<T] 9 HIS POEM1 0,TO ! ,UNSEEABLE ,ANIMAL03 0,I HOPE !RE'S AN ANIMAL SOME:]E ?AT NOBODY HAS EV] SE54 ,& ,I HOPE NOBODY EV] SEES IT40.<#d#d.> ,DO WE NE$ TO KN[1 CAN WE KN[1 SO MU* AB\T O!R ANIMALS8 ,MAYBE :AT WE NE$ MO/ TO KN[ IS ?AT WE C\LD POSSIBLY JO9 !M 9 !IR NON-DOME/ICATION4 

,KANT WAS GRIEV\SLY WRONG AB\T HUMAN SUP]IORITY4 0,AS ! S+LE BE+ ON E>? ?AT POSSESSES UND]/&+1 HE IS C]TA9LY TITUL> LORD ( NATURE40.<#d#e.> ,WALT ,:ITMAN PROVIDES A SIMPLE RESPONSE3 0,DO NOT CALL ! TORTOISE UNWOR?Y BECAUSE %E IS NOT SOME?+ ELSE40.<#d#f.> ,IT IS NOTEWOR?Y ?AT WOM5 DOM9ATE :AT IS CALL$ ANIMAL E?OLOGY1 & >E F> LESS PRONE TO FOLL[ ,KANT'S WRON<EAD$NESS4 

,! ILLUSION ( HUMAN DOM9ATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD COMES 9 MANY =MS4 ,ONE IS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT \R PR[ESS GIVES US LONG-RANGE SAFETY2 WE =GET ?AT ?IS ORI5TATION CAN LEAD US 9TO DANG] 9 ! LONG RUN4 ,\R LO/ CONNECTION1 \R LO/ AW>5ESS HAVE L$ US 9TO AN AGE ( HORRORS ( EV]Y K9D4 ,& AS ,OLAUS ,MURIE ONCE SAID1 0,9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 SOME?+ MU* WORSE ?AN HUNG] CAN HAPP5 TO A PEOPLE40.<#d#g.> 

,JACQUES ,D]RIDA CAME TO SEE ! PRIME IMPORTANCE ( ! QUE/ION ( ANIMALITY = HUMANS1 AS PIVOTAL TO 0! ESS5CE & FUTURE ( HUMANITY40.<#d#h.> ,! IMAGE ( A FREE ANIMAL 9ITIATES A DAYDREAM1 ! />T+ PO9T FROM :I* ! DREAM] DEP>TS4 ,MEAN:ILE ! LIV+ REALITY1 ! COMMUNION AMONG SPECIES1 YET MANAGE TO SURVIVE4 ,! ,9UPIAT ,ESKIMO & ,GWI*'9 PEOPLE1 :O /ILL TRAVEL )\T MAPS & DISC]N DIRECTION )\T COMPASSES1 KN[ ?AT ! C>IB\ C>RY A PIECE ( !M 9 !IR HE>TS1 :ILE !Y C>RY ! C>IB\ 9 !IR HE>TS4.<#d#i.> 

,! C\NSEL ( IMM$IACY1 ( DIRECT CONNECTION1 HAS NOT BE5 EXT+UI%$4 0,BUT ASK N[ ! BEA/S_/ ,& !Y %ALL TEA* !E2_/ ,& ! F[LS ( ! AIR_/ ,& !Y %ALL TEA* !E2_/ ,OR SPEAK TO ! ,E>?_/ ,& IT %ALL TEA* !E40 7,JOB #a#b3 #g-#h7 ,9 ! ,>CTIC ,JONA?AN ,WAT]MAN MOV$ AWAY FROM SEP>ATION1 FROM DOME/ICATION3 0,I FIR/ REMOV$ MY WAT*4 ,MY ABILITY TO ISOLATE DIFF]5T & UNID5TIFIABLE SMELLS BECAME 9CR$IBLY DI/RACT+4 ,MY HE>+ SEEM$ TO IMPROVE40.<#e.> ,F> FROM ! ,>CTIC1 TRACES ( ?IS DIM5SION HAVE ALWAYS BE5 FELT4 ,MELVILLE S5S$ 9 ! SI<T ( A SP]M :ALE A COLOSSAL EXI/5CE )\T :I* WE >E 9COMPLETE4 ,ONE ?9KS ( ,VIRG9IA ,WOOLF'S USE ( ANIMAL VOCABUL>IES & 9T]-SPECIES RELATIONS4 ,SOME?+ :OLE1 SOME?+ UNBROK51 !RE MILLIONS ( YE>S BE=E ,HOMO %[$ UP4 ,BEQUEA?+ TO US :AT ,H5RY ,BE/ON ,%EAHAN CALL$ \R 0ANIMAL FAI?10 :I* HE SAW BE+ DE/ROY$ BY ! ,MA*9E ,AGE4.<#e#a.> ,WE >E LO/1 BUT O!R ANIMALS PO9T TO ! RI<T ROAD4 ,!Y >E ! RI<T ROAD4 

,WE LACK ?AT /ATE ( GRACE1 BUT WE DO KN[ H[ MU* IS 9 DANG]4 ,LAURIE ,ALLMAN1 TAK+ 9 A ,MI*IGAN SONGBIRD3 0,I CAN TELL 9 A GLANCE ?AT HE DOES NOT KN[ HE IS 5DANG]$4 ,HE KN[S ONLY ?AT HIS JOB IS TO S+1 ?IS DAY1 FROM ! TOP ( ?AT Y\NG JACK P9E4 ,HIS BEAK IS OP51 FULL ( ! SKY BEH9D HIM40.<#e#b.> 

,H]E >E ,RI*>D ,GROSSMAN'S L9ES 9 FAVOR ( A RETURN TO ! OLD JOY3 ,WE %ALL =GE A *ANGE ( M9D & COME TO UND]/& ! SPIRIT AS ANIMAL4.<#e#c.> ,WE >E /ILL ANIMALS ON ! PLANET1 ) ALL ITS ORIG9AL MESSAGES WAIT+ 9 \R BE+4 

.<#a.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,M>C ,D4 ,HAUS]1 ,WILD ,M9DS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H5RY ,HOLT & ,COMPANY1 #b71 P4 #g4 

.<#b.> ,KONRAD ,LOR5Z1 ,! ,WAN+ ( ,HUMAN5ESS 7,BO/ON3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#h#g71 P4 #g4 

.<#c.> ,ALDO ,LEOPOLD1 ,A ,S& ,C\NTY ,ALMANAC 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BALLANT9E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#f71 P4 #h#c4 

.<#d.> ,H5RY ,BE/ON1 ,! ,\T]MO/ ,H\SE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,GRIFF91 #b#c71 P4 #b#e4 

.<#e.> ,JEFFREY ,M\SSAIEFF ,MASSON & ,SUSAN ,MC,C>?Y1 ,:5 ,ELEPHANTS ,WEEP 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DELACORTE ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 P4 #c#d4 ,AMONG O!R WORKS ?AT 9DICATE A %IFT AWAY FROM ANTI- 0AN?ROPOMORPHISM0 >E ,RU? ,RUDN]1 ASK N[ ! BEA/S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,M>L[E @& ,COMPANY1 #b#f7 & ,H[ ,=E/S ,?9K 7,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #b#a#c74 

.<#f.> ,EO9 ,O',C>ROLL1 0,OX=D ,JUNIOR ,DICTION>Y ,DROPP+ ',NATURE' ,WORDS10 ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 ,FEBRU>Y #i1 #b#i4 

.<#g.> ,AN UGLY LEFTI/ C\NT]-NOTION IS COMMUNI/ ,OXANA ,TIM(EEVA1 ,HI/ORY ( ,ANIMALS3 ,AN ,ESSAY ON ,NEGATIVITY1 ,IMMAN5CE & ,FRE$OM 7,MAA/RI*T3 ,JAN VAN ,EYCK ,ACADEMIE1 #b#a#b71 ) ,=EW>D BY ,SLAVOJ ,ZIZEK4 ,TIM(EEVA CONDEMNS NATURE'S RESI/ANCE TO TE*NOLOGY :ILE BIZ>RELY CLAIM+ ?AT ANIMALS >E NATURAL COMMUNI/S6 ,E4G4 PP4 #a#d#f- #a#d#g4 

.<#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,SUSAN ,HANSON1 ,ICONS ( ,LOSS & ,GRACE 7,LUBBOCK3 ,TEXAS ,TE* ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#d71 P4 #a#h#b4 

.<#i.> ,MASSON & ,MC,C>?Y1 OP4CIT41 P4 #a#d4 

.<#a.> ,B>B>A ,NOSKE1 ,HUMANS & ,O!R ,ANIMALS 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 P4 #a#a#e4 

.<#a#a.> ,V]A ,NORWOOD1 ,MADE FROM ?IS ,E>? 7,*APEL ,HILL3 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NOR? ,C>OL9A ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c71 P4 #b#c#e4 

.<#a#b.> ,B>RY ,LOPEZ1 ,( ,WOLVES & ,M5 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SCRIBN] ,CLASSICS1 #b#d71 P4 #a#h4 

.<#a#c.> ,IBID41 P4 #e#e4 

.<#a#d.> ,MASSON & ,MC,C>?Y1 OP4CIT41 P4 #g#b4 

.<#a#e.> ,/EVE ,KEMP1 0,NO ,ALPHA ,MALES ,ALL[$10 ,SMI?SONIAN1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#c1 PP4 #c#i-#d#a4 

.<#a#f.> ,NOSKE1 OP4 CIT41 P4 #a#a#f4 

.<#a#g.> ,JOHN ,MUIR1 ,! ,/ORY ( ,MY ,BOYHOOD & ,Y\? 7,BO/ON3 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 #a#i#a#b71 P4 #a#e#a4 

.<#a#h.> ,M>Y ,MIDGLEY1 ,! ,E?ICAL ,PRIMATE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#d71 P4 #a#c#a4 

.<#a#i.> ,JACQUES ,GRAV51 ,NON-,HUMAN ,?\<T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/E9 & ,DAY1 #a#i#f#g71 P4 #f#h4 

.<#b.> ,$W>D ,ABBEY1 ,DES]T ,SOLITAIRE3 ,A ,SEASON 9 ! ,WILD]NESS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BALLANT9E ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#a71 P4 #a#e#g4 

.<#b#a.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT*1 ,! ,GREAT ,*A9 ( ,LIFE 7,BO/ON3 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 #a#i#e#f71 P4 #b#b#d4 

.<#b#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #b#b#g4 

.<#b#c.> ,J4,H4 ,WILLIAMS1 ,ELEPHANT ,BILL 7,LONDON3 ,RUP]T ,H>T-,DAVIS1 #a#i#e71 P4 #e#h4 

.<#b#d.> ,KA!R9E ,H>MON ,C\RAGE1 0,ALI5 ,9TELLIG5CE10 ,WIR$1 ,OCTOB] #b#a#c1 P4 #h#d4 

.<#b#e.> ,EMILY ,AN!S1 0,COLDBLOOD$ ,DOES ,NOT ,MEAN ,/UPID10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,NOVEMB] #a#i1 #b#a#c1 PP ,D#a1 ,D#e4 

.<#b#f.> ,GRAV51 OP4CIT41 P4 #a#b#g4 #g 

.<#b#g.> ,JU/9 ,MC,CURRY1 0,*IMPS ,>E ,MAK+ ,MONKEYS ,\T ( ,US10 ,! ,OBS]V]1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#h1 #b#a#c4 

.<#b#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,/EPH5 ,BUDIANSKY1 ,IF A ,LION ,C\LD ,TALK 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h71 P4 #d#e4 

.<#b#i.> ,KELLY ,OLIV]1 ,ANIMAL ,LESSONS3 ,H[ ,!Y ,TEA* ,US TO BE ,HUMAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#h71 P4 #a#h#f4 

.<#c.> ,TIM ,+OLD1 ,EVOLUTION & ,SOCIAL ,LIFE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#f71 P4 #c#a#a4 

.<#c#a.> ,RI*>D ,GROSSMAN1 0,! ,TRU?10 9 ,ANIMALS 7,M9NEAPOLIS3 ,ZYGOTE ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c71 P4 #d#b#a4 

.<#c#b.> ,LEOPOLD1 OP4CIT41 P4 #a#b4 

.<#c#c.> ,GAV9 ,MAXWELL1 ,R+ ( ,BRI<T ,WAT] 7,BO/ON3 ,NONP>EIL ,BOOKS1 #b#a#a71 P4 #de 

.<#c#d.> ,$W9 ,WAY ,TEALE1 ,! ,WILD]NESS ,WORLD ( ,JOHN ,MUIR 7,BO/ON3 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 #a#i#e#d71 P4 #b#h#a4 

.<#c#e.> ,JOHN ,LANE1 ,WAI/ ,DEEP 9 ,BLACK ,WAT] 7,A!NS3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,GEORGIA ,PRESS1 #b#b71 P4 #d#i4 

.<#c#f.> ,LOR5 ,EISELEY1 ,! ,NI<T ,C\NTRY 7,L9COLN3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NEBRASKA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g71 P4 #a#g#c4 

.<#c#g.> ,H5RY ,DAVID ,?OREAU1 ,! ,J\RNAL1 #a#h#c#g-#a#h#f#a1 $4 ,DAMION ,SE>LS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW ( ,BOOKS1 #b#i71 P4 #ehe 75TRY = ,OCTOB] #b#b1 #a#h#e#i74 

.<#c#h.> ,KRUT*1 OP4CIT41 P4 #a#b4 

.<#c#i.> ,MI*AEL ,P4 ,COH51 ,! ,PA?LESS ,WAY3 ,JOHN ,MUIR & ,AM]ICAN ,WILD]NESS 7,MADISON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,WISCONS9 ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d71 PP4 #a#g#c1 #a#g#f4 

.<#d.> ,J5NIF] ,HAM1 0,TAM+ ! ,BEA/10 9 ,J5NIF] ,HAM & ,MAT!W ,S5IOR1 $S41 ,ANIMAL ,ACTS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#g71 P4 #a#e#h4 

.<#d#a.> ,CLIVE ,ROOTS1 ,DOME/ICATION 7,WE/PORT ,C,T3 ,GRE5WOOD ,PRESS1 #b#g71 P4 XII4 

.<#d#b.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,LANE1 OP4 CIT41 P4 #a#b#e4 

.<#d#c.> ,DIANE ,ACK]MAN1 ,! ,MOON BY ,:ALE ,LI<T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#i#a71 P4 #a#a#b4 

.<#d#d.> ,W5DELL ,B]RY1 0,TO ! ,UNSEEABLE ,ANIMAL10 9 ,ANN ,FI%]-,WIR? & ,LAURA-,GRAY ,/REET1 $S41 ,! ,ECOPOETRY ,AN?OLOGY 7,SAN ,ANTONIO ,T,X3 ,TR9ITY ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#c71 P4 #a#g#h4 

.<#d#e.> ,IMMANUEL ,KANT1 TRANS4 ,J4,C4 ,M]$I?1 ,CRITIQUE ( ,JUDGM5T 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#b71 ,P>T #b1 ,SECTION #d#c#a4 

.<#d#f.> ,WALT ,:ITMAN1 ,LEAVES ( ,GRASS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,LIBR>Y ( ,AM]ICA1 #b#a#a71 SECTION #a#c4 

.<#d#g.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,JONA?AN ,WAT]MAN1 ,:]E ,M\NTA9S >E ,NAMELESS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON1 #b#e71 P4 #b#c#g4 

.<#d#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,LEON>D ,LAWLOR1 ,?IS IS ,NOT ,SUFFICI5T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#g71 P4 #g4 

.<#d#i.> ,WAT]MAN1 OP4 CIT41 P4 #b#a#b4 

.<#e.> ,IBID41 P4 #a4 

.<#e#a.> ,JOHN ,NELSON1 0,H5RY ,BE/ON ,%EAHAN10 ,H>V>D ,MAGAZ9E1 ,SEPTEMB]_/,OCTOB] #b#a#c1 P4 #d4 

.<#e#b.> ,LAURIE ,ALLMAN1 ,F> ,FROM ,TAME 7,M9NEAPOLIS3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M9NESOTA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 P4 #g#c4 

.<#e#c.> ,GROSSMAN1 OP4 CIT41 0,! ,NEW ,>T10 P4 #b4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,MAY #a1 #bad 3 ,ANIMAL ,DREAMS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#c1 #bb 3 ,ANIMAL ,DREAMS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,ANIMAL ,DREAMS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/