,*APT] #c 
,ECONOMY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

#c4 ,ECONOMY 

,AN>*ISM IS OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM & TO PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! TOOLS1 9FRA/RUCTURE1 & RES\RCES EV]YONE REQUIRES = SU/5ANCE4 ,AN>*I/ ECONOMIC MODELS RANGE FROM HUNT]-GA!R] COMMUNITIES & AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES TO 9DU/RIAL COMPLEXES 9 :I* PLANN+ IS C>RI$ \T BY SYNDICATES & DI/RIBUTION IS >RANG$ ?R\< QUOTAS OR A LIMIT$ =M ( CURR5CY4 ,ALL !SE MODELS >E BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( WORK+ TOGE!R TO FULFILL COMMON NE$S & REJECT+ HI]>*Y ( ALL K9DS -- 9CLUD+ BOSSES1 MANAGEM5T1 & ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES SU* AS WEAL?Y & POOR OR [N]S & LABOR]S4 

,)\T WAGES1 :AT IS ! 9C5TIVE TO WORK8 

,SOME WORRY ?AT IF WE ABOLI% CAPITALISM & WAGE-LABOR1 NO ONE WILL WORK ANYMORE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT WORK AS IT EXI/S N[ = MO/ PEOPLE W\LD CEASE TO EXI/2 BUT WORK ?AT IS SOCIALLY USEFUL (F]S A NUMB] ( 9C5TIVES BESIDES ! PAY*ECK4 ,IF ANY?+1 GETT+ PAID TO DO SOME?+ MAKES IT LESS 5JOYABLE4 ,! ALI5ATION ( LABOR ?AT IS A P>T ( CAPITALISM DE/ROYS NATURAL 9C5TIVES TO WORK SU* AS ! PLEASURE ( ACT+ FREELY & ! SATISFACTION ( A JOB WELL DONE4 ,:5 WORK PUTS US 9 A POSITION ( 9F]IORITY -- TO ! BOSS :O OV]SEES US & ! WEAL?Y PEOPLE :O [N \R WORKPLACE -- & WE DO NOT HAVE DECISION-MAK+ P[] 9 \R JOB BUT MU/ M9DLESSLY FOLL[ ORD]S1 IT CAN BECOME EXCRUCIAT+LY ODI\S & M9D-NUMB+4 ,WE ALSO LOSE \R NATURAL 9C5TIVE TO WORK :5 WE >E NOT DO+ SOME?+ ?AT IS USEFUL = \R COMMUNITIES4 ,( ! FEW WORK]S TODAY :O >E LUCKY 5\< TO ACTUALLY PRODUCE SOME?+ !Y CAN SEE1 !Y >E NE>LY ALL MAK+ SOME?+ ?AT IS PR(ITABLE TO !IR EMPLOY]S BUT COMPLETELY MEAN+LESS TO !M P]SONALLY4 ,! ,=DI/ OR ASSEMBLY L9E /RUCTUR+ ( LABOR TURNS PEOPLE 9TO MA*9ES4 ,9/EAD ( CULTIVAT+ SKILLS WORK]S CAN BE PR\D (1 IT PROVES MORE CO/-EFFECTIVE TO GIVE EA* P]SON A S+LE REPETITIVE TASK & PUT HIM OR H] ON AN ASSEMBLY L9E4 ,NO WOND] SO MANY WORK]S SABOTAGE OR /EAL FROM !IR WORKPLACES1 OR %[ UP ) AN AUTOMATIC WEAPON & 0GO PO/AL40 

,! IDEA ?AT )\T WAGES PEOPLE W\LD /OP WORK+ IS BASELESS4 ,9 ! BROAD TIMEL9E ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 WAGES >E A FAIRLY REC5T 9V5TION YET SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE EXI/$ )\T CURR5CY OR WAGES DID NOT />VE TO DEA? JU/ BECAUSE NO ONE PAID ! WORK]S4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR1 ONLY ! K9D ( WORK ?AT NO ONE CAN JU/IFY TO HIMSELF AS USEFUL W\LD DISAPPE>2 ALL ! TIME & RES\RCES PUT 9TO MAK+ ALL ! USELESS CRAP ?AT \R SOCIETY IS DR[N+ 9 W\LD BE SAV$4 ,?9K ( H[ MU* ( \R RES\RCES & LABOR GO 9TO ADV]TIS+1 MASS MAIL+S1 ?R[AWAY PACKAG+1 *EAP TOYS1 DISPOSABLE GOODS -- ?+S NO ONE TAKES PRIDE 9 MAK+1 DESIGN$ TO FALL AP>T 9 A %ORT TIME SO Y\ HAVE TO BUY ! NEXT V]SION4 

,9DIG5\S SOCIETIES ) LESS DIVISION ( LABOR HAD NO PROBLEM DO+ )\T WAGES1 BECAUSE ! PRIM>Y ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES -- PRODUC+ FOOD1 H\S+1 CLO?+1 TOOLS -- >E ALL EASILY CONNECT$ TO COMMON NE$S4 ,9 SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 WORK IS A NECESS>Y SOCIAL ACTIVITY & AN APP>5T OBLIGATION FROM EV]Y MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY :O IS ABLE4 ,& BECAUSE IT TAKES PLACE 9 A FLEXIBLE1 P]SONAL SETT+1 WORK CAN BE ADAPT$ TO EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL'S CAPABILITIES1 & !RE IS NO?+ TO KEEP PEOPLE FROM TRANS=M+ WORK 9TO PLAY4 ,FIX+ UP Y\R H\SE1 HUNT+1 W&]+ 9 ! WOODS ID5TIFY+ PLANTS & ANIMALS1 KNITT+1 COOK+ A FEA/ -- >5'T !SE ! ?+S ?AT BOR$ MIDDLE-CLASS PEOPLE DO 9 !IR LEISURE H\RS TO =GET !IR LOA?SOME JOBS = A MOM5T8 

,ANTI-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES ) GREAT] ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION HAVE DEVELOP$ A V>IETY ( ME?ODS = PROVID+ 9C5TIVES & DI/RIBUT+ ! PRODUCTS ( WORK]S' LABOR4 ,! A=EM5TION$ ,ISRAELI KIBBUTZIM (F] ONE EXAMPLE ( 9C5TIVES TO WORK 9 ! ABS5CE ( WAGES4 ,ONE BOOK DOCUM5T+ LIFE & WORK 9 A KIBBUTZ ID5TIFIES F\R MAJOR MOTIVATIONS TO WORK )9 ! COOP]ATIVE LABOR TEAMS1 :I* LACK$ 9DIVIDUAL COMPETITION & PR(IT MOTIVE3 GR\P PRODUCTIVITY AFFECTS ! :OLE COMMUNITY'S /&>D ( LIV+1 SO !RE IS GR\P PRESSURE TO WORK H>D2 MEMB]S WORK :]E !Y *OOSE1 & GA9 SATISFACTION FROM !IR WORK2 PEOPLE DEVELOP A COMPETITIVE PRIDE IF !IR BRAN* ( WORK DOES BETT] ?AN O!R BRAN*ES2 PEOPLE GA9 PRE/IGE FROM WORK BECAUSE LABOR IS A CULTURAL VALUE4.<#c.> ,AS DESCRIB$ ABOVE1 ! ULTIMATE DECL9E ( ! KIBBUTZ EXP]IM5T /EMM$ L>GELY FROM ! FACT ?AT ! KIBBUTZIM W]E SOCIALI/ 5T]PRISES COMPET+ )9 A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 & ?US SUBSUM$ TO ! LOGIC ( COMPETITION RA!R ?AN ! LOGIC ( MUTUAL AID4 ,A SIMIL>LY ORGANIZ$ COMMUNE 9 A WORLD )\T CAPITALISM W\LD NOT FACE !SE SAME PROBLEMS4 ,9 ANY CASE1 UNWILL+NESS TO WORK DUE TO LACK ( WAGES WAS NOT ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ! KIBBUTZIM FAC$4 

,MANY AN>*I/S SUGGE/ ?AT ! G]MS ( CAPITALISM >E CONTA9$ 9 ! M5TALITY ( PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,:E!R A GIV5 TYPE ( ECONOMY CAN SURVIVE1 MU* LESS GR[1 )9 CAPITALISM IS A POOR MEASURE ( ITS LIB]ATORY POT5TIAL4 ,BUT AN>*I/S PROPOSE & DEBATE MANY DIFF]5T =MS ( ECONOMY1 SOME ( :I* CAN ONLY BE PRACTIC$ TO A LIMIT$ EXT5T BECAUSE !Y >E :OLLY ILLEGAL )9 TODAY'S WORLD4 ,9 ! ,EUROPEAN SQUATT]'S MOVEM5T1 SOME CITIES HAVE HAD OR CONT9UE TO HAVE SO MANY SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S & H\SES ?AT !Y CON/ITUTE A %AD[ SOCIETY4 ,9 ,B>CELONA1 = EXAMPLE1 AS REC5TLY AS #bh !RE W]E OV] =TY OCCUPI$ SOCIAL C5T]S & AT LEA/ TWO HUNDR$ SQUATT$ H\SES4 ,! COLLECTIVES ( PEOPLE :O 9HABIT !SE SQUATS G5]ALLY USE CONS5SUS & GR\P ASSEMBLIES1 & MO/ >E EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ OR 9T5TIONALLY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T1 WORK & EX*ANGE HAVE BE5 ABOLI%$ FROM !SE PEOPLE'S LIVES1 :OSE NETWORKS RUN 9TO ! ?\S&S4 ,MANY DO NOT HAVE WAG$ JOBS1 OR !Y WORK ONLY SEASONALLY OR SPORADICALLY1 AS !Y DO NOT NE$ TO PAY R5T4 ,= EXAMPLE ! AU?OR ( ?IS BOOK1 :O HAS LIV$ )9 ?IS NETWORK = TWO YE>S1 HAS SURVIV$ = MU* ( ?AT TIME ON LESS ?AN ONE EURO A DAY4 ,MOREOV]1 ! GREAT AM\NT ( ACTIVITY !Y C>RY \T )9 ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5T IS COMPLETELY UNWAG$4 ,BUT !Y DO NOT NE$ WAGES3 !Y WORK = !MSELVES4 ,!Y OCCUPY AB&ON$ BUILD+S LEFT TO ROT BY SPECULATORS1 AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ G5TRIFICATION & AS ANTI-CAPITALI/ DIRECT ACTION TO PROVIDE !MSELVES ) H\S+4 ,TEA*+ !MSELVES ! SKILLS !Y NE$ ALONG ! WAY1 !Y FIX UP !IR NEW H\SES1 CLEAN+1 PAT*+ RO(S1 9/ALL+ W9D[S1 TOILETS1 %[]S1 LI<T1 KIT*5S1 & ANY?+ ELSE !Y NE$4 ,!Y (T5 PIRATE ELECTRICITY1 WAT]1 & 9T]NET1 & MU* ( !IR FOOD COMES FROM DUMP/]-DIV+1 /EAL+1 & SQUATT$ G>D5S4 

,9 ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( WAGES OR MANAG]S1 !Y C>RY ON A GREAT DEAL ( WORK1 BUT AT !IR [N PACE & LOGIC4 ,! LOGIC IS ONE ( MUTUAL AID4 ,BESIDES FIX+ UP !IR [N H\SES1 !Y ALSO DIRECT !IR 5]GIES T[>DS WORK+ = !IR NEI<BORHOODS & 5RI*+ !IR COMMUNITIES4 ,!Y PROVIDE = MANY ( !IR COLLECTIVE NE$S BESIDES H\S+4 ,SOME SOCIAL C5T]S HO/ BICYCLE REPAIR WORK%OPS1 5ABL+ PEOPLE TO REPAIR OR BUILD !IR [N BICYCLES1 US+ OLD P>TS4 ,O!RS (F] C>P5TRY WORK%OPS1 SELF-DEF5SE & YOGA WORK%OPS1 NATURAL HEAL+ WORK%OPS1 LIBR>IES1 G>D5S1 COMMUNAL MEALS1 >T & !AT] GR\PS1 LANGUAGE CLASSES1 ALT]NATIVE M$IA & C\NT]9=MATION1 MUSIC %[S1 MOVIES1 COMPUT] LABS :]E PEOPLE CAN USE ! 9T]NET & LE>N EMAIL SECURITY OR HO/ !IR [N WEBSITES1 & SOLID>ITY EV5TS TO DEAL ) ! 9EVITABLE REPRESSION4 ,NE>LY ALL ( !SE S]VICES >E PROVID$ ABSOLUTELY FREE4 ,!RE IS NO EX*ANGE -- ONE GR\P ORGANIZES TO PROVIDE A S]VICE TO EV]YONE1 & ! 5TIRE SOCIAL NETWORK B5EFITS4 

,) AN A/\ND+ AM\NT ( 9ITIATIVE 9 SU* A PASSIVE SOCIETY1 SQUATT]S REGUL>LY GET ! IDEA TO ORGANIZE A COMMUNAL MEAL OR A BICYCLE REPAIR %OP OR A WEEKLY MOVIE %[+1 !Y TALK ) FRI5DS & FRI5DS ( FRI5DS UNTIL !Y HAVE 5\< PEOPLE & RES\RCES TO MAKE !IR IDEA A REALITY1 & !N !Y SPREAD ! WORD OR PUT UP PO/]S & HOPE AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE WILL COME & P>TAKE4 ,TO A CAPITALI/ M5TALITY1 !Y >E AVIDLY 9VIT+ PEOPLE TO ROB !M1 BUT ! SQUATT]S NEV] /OP TO QUE/ION ACTIVITIES ?AT DON'T PUT MONEY 9 !IR POCKETS4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT !Y HAVE CREAT$ A NEW =M ( WEAL?1 & %>+ :AT !Y MAKE !MSELVES CLE>LY MAKES !M RI*]4 

,! SURR\ND+ NEI<BORHOODS ALSO BECOME RI*]1 AS ! SQUATT]S TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE TO CREATE PROJECTS MU* QUICK] ?AN ! LOCAL GOV]NM5T C\LD4 ,9 ! MAGAZ9E ( A NEI<BORHOOD ASSOCIATION 9 ,B>CELONA1 !Y PRAIS$ A LOCAL SQUAT = RESPOND+ TO A DEM& ! GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 IGNOR+ = YE>S -- BUILD+ ! NEI<BORHOOD A LIBR>Y4 ,A MA9/REAM NEWS MAGAZ9E REM>K$3 0! SQUATT]S DO ! WORK ! ,DI/RICT =GETS AB\T40.<#c#a.> ,9 ?AT SAME NEI<BORHOOD1 ! SQUATT]S PROV$ TO BE A P[]FUL ALLY TO A R5T-PAY+ NEI<BOR :O WAS BE+ PRESSUR$ \T BY ! L&LORD4 ,! SQUATT]S WORK$ TIRELESSLY ) AN ASSOCIATION ( OLD FOLKS :O W]E FAC+ SIMIL> SITUATIONS ( *ICAN]Y & ILLEGAL EVICTION BY L&LORDS1 & !Y /OPP$ ! EVICTION ( !IR NEI<BOR4 

,9 A TR5D ?AT SEEMS COMMON TO ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( WORK1 ! SOCIAL & ! ECONOMIC BL5D TO BECOME 9DI/+UI%ABLE4 ,LABOR & S]VICES >E NOT VALORIZ$ OR GIV5 A DOLL> VALUE2 !Y >E SOCIAL ACTIVITIES ?AT >E C>RI$ \T 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY AS A P>T ( DAILY LIFE1 )\T ANY NE$ = ACC\NT+ OR MANAGEM5T4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT 9 CITIES SU* AS ,B>CELONA1 PEOPLE CAN SP5D ! MAJORITY ( !IR TIME & MEET ! MAJORITY ( !IR NE$S -- FROM H\S+ TO 5T]TA9M5T -- )9 ?IS SQUATT]S' SOCIAL NETWORK1 )\T LABOR & ALMO/ )\T MONEY4 ,( C\RSE NOT EV]Y?+ CAN BE /OL5 7NOT YET71 & ! SQUATT]S >E /ILL COMPELL$ TO SELL !IR LABOR TO PAY = ?+S LIKE M$ICAL C>E & C\RT CO/S4 ,BUT = MANY PEOPLE ! EXCEPTIONAL NATURE ( ?OSE ?+S ?AT CANNOT BE SELF-PRODUC$1 SCAV5G$1 OR /OL51 ! \TRAGE ( HAV+ TO SELL VALUABLE MOM5TS ( ONE'S LIFE TO WORK = SOME CORPORATION1 CAN HAVE ! EFFECT ( 9CREAS+ ! LEVEL ( CONFLICT ) CAPITALISM4 

,ONE POT5TIAL PITFALL ( ANY MOVEM5T P[]FUL 5\< TO CREATE AN ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALISM IS ?AT ITS P>TICIPANTS CAN EASILY BECOME COMPLAC5T LIV+ 9 !IR BUBBLE ( AUTONOMY & LOSE ! WILL TO FI<T = ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM4 ,SQUATT+ ITSELF CAN EASILY BECOME A RITUAL1 & 9 ,B>CELONA ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE HAS NOT APPLI$ ! SAME CREATIVITY TO RESI/ANCE & ATTACK AS IT HAS TO MANY ( ! PRACTICAL ASPECTS ( FIX+ UP H\SES & F9D+ SUBSI/5CE ) LITTLE OR NO MONEY4 ,! SELF-SU/A9+ NATURE ( ! NETWORK ( SQUATT]S1 ! IMM$IATE PRES5CE ( FRE$OM1 9ITIATIVE1 PLEASURE1 9DEP5D5CE1 & COMMUNITY 9 !IR LIVES HAVE BY NO MEANS DE/ROY$ CAPITALISM1 BUT !Y DO REVEAL IT TO BE A WALK+ CORPSE1 ) NO?+ BUT ! POLICE1 9 ! 5D1 PREV5T+ IT = GO+ EXT9CT & BE+ REPLAC$ BY F> SUP]IOR =MS ( LIV+4 

,DON'T PEOPLE NE$ BOSSES & EXP]TS8 

,H[ CAN AN>*I/S ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 ! WORKPLACE & COORD9ATE PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ACROSS AN 5TIRE ECONOMY )\T BOSSES & MANAG]S8 ,9 FACT1 A GREAT DEAL ( RES\RCES >E LO/ ?R\< COMPETITION & MIDDLEM54 ,ULTIMATELY IT IS ! WORK]S :O C>RY \T ALL ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 & !Y KN[ H[ TO COORD9ATE !IR [N WORK 9 ! ABS5CE ( BOSSES4 

,9 & >\ND ,TUR91 ,ITALY1 #e1 WORK]S P>TICIPAT$ 9 A FACTORY TAKEOV] MOVEM5T AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,COMMUNI/S1 AN>*I/S1 & O!R WORK]S :O W]E PISS$ (F AT !IR EXPLOITATION LAUN*$ WILDCAT /RIKES1 MANY ( !M EV5TUALLY GA9+ CONTROL ( !IR FACTORIES & SETT+ UP ,FACTORY ,C\NCILS TO COORD9ATE !IR ACTIVITIES4 ,!Y W]E ABLE TO RUN ! FACTORIES !MSELVES1 )\T BOSSES4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ! ,C\NCILS W]E LEGALIZ$ & LEGISLAT$ \T ( EXI/5CE -- 9 P>T CO-OPT$ & ABSORB$ 9TO ! LABOR UNIONS1 :OSE 9/ITUTIONAL EXI/5CE WAS ?REAT5$ BY AUTONOM\S WORK]S' P[] NO LESS ?AN ! [N]S W]E4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #b#a1 A LONG-BREW+ ECONOMIC CRISIS 9 ,>G5T9A MATUR$ 9TO A RUN ON ! BANKS :I* PRECIPITAT$ A MAJOR POPUL> REBELLION4 ,>G5T9A HAD BE5 ! PO/] *ILD ( NEOLIB]AL 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND1 BUT ! POLICIES ?AT 5RI*$ =EIGN 9VE/ORS & GAVE MIDDLE CLASS ,>G5T9IANS A ,FIR/ ,WORLD LIFE/YLE CREAT$ AN ACUTE POV]TY = MU* ( ! C\NTRY4 ,ANTI-CAPITALI/ RESI/ANCE WAS ALREADY WIDELY DEVELOP$ AMONG ! UNEMPLOY$1 & AFT] ! MIDDLE CLASS LO/ ALL ITS SAV+S1 MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TOOK TO ! /REETS1 REJECT+ ALL ! FALSE SOLUTIONS & EXCUSES (F]$ BY POLITICIANS1 ECONOMI/S1 & ! M$IA1 DECL>+ 9/EAD3 0,QUE SE VAYAN TODOS6 0 ,!Y ALL MU/ GO6 ,DOZ5S W]E KILL$ BY POLICE1 BUT PEOPLE F\<T BACK1 %AK+ (F ! T]ROR LEFT OV] FROM ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP ?AT RUL$ ,>G5T9A 9 ! '#gS & '#hS4 

,HUNDR$S ( FACTORIES AB&ON$ BY !IR [N]S W]E OCCUPI$ BY WORK]S1 :O RESUM$ PRODUCTION SO !Y C\LD CONT9UE TO FE$ !IR FAMILIES4 ,! MORE RADICAL ( !SE WORK]-OCCUPI$ FACTORIES EQUALIZ$ WAGES & %>$ MANAG]IAL DUTIES AMONG ALL WORK]S4 ,!Y MADE DECISIONS 9 OP5 MEET+S1 & SOME WORK]S TAU<T !MSELVES TASKS SU* AS ACC\NT+4 ,TO 5SURE ?AT A NEW MANAG]IAL CLASS DID NOT >ISE1 SOME FACTORIES ROTAT$ MANAG]IAL TASKS1 OR REQUIR$ ?AT PEOPLE 9 MANAG]IAL ROLES /ILL WORK ON ! FACTORY FLOOR & P]=M ! ACC\NT+1 M>KET+1 & O!R TASKS AFT] H\RS4 ,AS ( ?IS WRIT+1 SEV]AL ( !SE OCCUPI$ WORKPLACES HAVE BE5 ABLE TO EXP& !IR WORK=CE & HIRE ADDITIONAL WORK]S FROM ,>G5T9A'S HUGE UNEMPLOY$ POPULATION4 ,9 SOME CASES1 OCCUPI$ FACTORIES TRADE NE$$ SUPPLIES & PRODUCTS ) ONE ANO!R1 CREAT+ A %AD[ ECONOMY 9 A SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ FAM\S1 ! ,ZANON C]AMICS FACTORY LOCAT$ 9 S\!RN ,>G5T9A1 WAS %UT D[N BY ! [N] 9 #ba & OCCUPI$ BY ITS WORK]S ! FOLL[+ ,JANU>Y4 ,!Y BEGAN RUNN+ ! FACTORY ) AN OP5 ASSEMBLY & COMMISSIONS MADE UP ( WORK]S TO MANAGE ,SALES1 ,ADM9I/RATION1 ,PLANN+1 ,SECURITY1 ,HYGI5E & ,SANITATION1 ,PUR*AS+1 ,PRODUCTION1 ,DIFFUSION1 & ,PRESS4 ,FOLL[+ ! OCCUPATION1 !Y REHIR$ WORK]S :O HAD BE5 FIR$ BE=E ! CLOS+4 ,AS ( #b#d1 !Y NUMB]$ #bg WORK]S & PRODUC$ AT #e.0 ( ! PRODUCTION RATE BE=E ! FACTORY WAS CLOS$4 ,BR++ DOCTORS & PSY*OLOGI/S ON SITE1 !Y PROVID$ !MSELVES ) HEAL?C>E4 ,! WORK]S F\ND ?AT !Y C\LD PAY !IR WORK=CE ) JU/ TWO DAYS ( PRODUCTION1 SO !Y L[]$ PRICES #f.0 & ORGANIZ$ A NETWORK ( Y\NG V5DORS1 MANY PREVI\SLY UNEMPLOY$1 TO M>KET ! C]AMIC TILES ?R\<\T ! CITY4 ,9 ADDITION TO PRODUC+ TILES1 ! ,ZANON FACTORY 9VOLVES ITSELF ) SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 DONAT+ MONEY TO HOSPITALS & S*OOLS1 SELL+ TILES AT CO/ TO POOR PEOPLE1 HO/+ FILMS1 P]=MANCES1 & >T %[S1 & C>RY+ \T SOLID>ITY ACTIONS ) O!R /RUGGLES4 ,!Y ALSO SUPPORT ! ,MAPU*E /RUGGLE = AUTONOMY2 & :5 !IR CLAY SUPPLI] /OPP$ DO+ BUS9ESS ) !M = POLITICAL REASONS1 ! ,MAPU*E BEGAN SUPPLY+ CLAY4 ,AS ( ,APRIL #b#c1 ! FACTORY HAD FAC$ F\R ATTEMPT$ EVICTIONS BY ! POLICE1 ) ! SUPPORT ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,ALL W]E =CEFULLY RESI/$ BY ! WORK]S1 ASSI/$ BY NEI<BORS1 PIQUET]OS1 & O!RS4 

,9 ,JULY #b#a1 ! WORK]S ( ! ,EL ,TIGRE SUP]M>KET 9 ,ROS>IO1 ,>G5T9A1 OCCUPI$ !IR WORKPLACE4 ,! [N] HAD %UT IT D[N TWO MON?S E>LI] & DECL>$ BANKRUPTCY1 /ILL [+ HIS EMPLOYES MON?S 9 WAGES4 ,AFT] FRUITLESS PROTE/+1 ! WORK]S OP5$ ,EL ,TIGRE & BEGAN RUNN+ IT !MSELVES ?R\< AN ASSEMBLY ?AT ALL[$ ALL WORK]S A P>T 9 DECISION-MAK+4 ,9 A SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY !Y L[]$ PRICES & BEGAN SELL+ FRUIT & VEGETABLES FROM A LOCAL F>M]S' COOP]ATIVE & PRODUCTS MADE 9 O!R OCCUPI$ FACTORIES4 ,!Y ALSO US$ P>T ( !IR SPACE TO OP5 A CULTURAL C5T] = ! NEI<BORHOOD1 H\S+ POLITICAL TALKS1 /UD5T GR\PS1 !AT] & YOGA WORK%OPS1 PUPPET %[S1 A CAFE1 & A LIBR>Y4 ,9 #b#c1 ,EL ,TIGRE'S CULTURAL C5T] HELD ! NATIONAL MEET+ ( RECLAIM$ BUS9ESSES1 ATT5D$ BY #a1#e PEOPLE4 ,M>IA1 ONE COLLECTIVE MEMB]1 SAID ( H] EXP]I5CE3 0,?REE YE>S AGO1 IF SOMEONE HAD TOLD ME WE'D BE ABLE TO RUN ?IS PLACE ,I'D NEV] HAVE BELIEV$ !M444 ,I BELIEV$ WE NE$$ BOSSES TO TELL US :AT TO DO1 N[ ,I REALIZE ?AT TOGE!R WE CAN DO IT BETT] ?AN !M40 .<#c#b.> 

,9 ,EUSKAL ,H]RIA1 ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY OCCUPI$ BY ! /ATES ( ,SPA9 & ,FRANCE1 A L>GE COMPLEX ( COOP]ATIVE1 WORK]-[N$ BUS9ESSES HAS >IS51 C5T]$ >\ND ! SMALL CITY ( ,MONDRAGON4 ,/>T+ ) #bc WORK]S 9 ONE COOP]ATIVE 9 #a#i#e#f1 ! ,MONDRAGON COOP]ATIVES 9CLUD$ #a#i1#e WORK]S 9 OV] #a COOP]ATIVES BY #a#i#h#f1 SURVIV+ DESPITE ! HEAVY RECESSION 9 ,SPA9 AT ! TIME & ) A SURVIVAL RATE MANY TIMES BETT] ?AN ! AV]AGE = CAPITALI/ FIRMS4 

,MONDRAGON HAS HAD A RI* EXP]I5CE OV] MANY YE>S 9 MANUFACTUR+ PRODUCTS AS V>I$ AS FURNITURE1 KIT*5 EQUIPM5T1 MA*9E TOOLS1 & ELECTRONIC COMPON5TS & 9 PR9T+1 %IPBUILD+1 & METAL SMELT+4 ,MONDRAGON HAS CREAT$ HYBRID COOP]ATIVES COMPOS$ ( BO? CONSUM]S & WORK]S & ( F>M]S & WORK]S4 ,! COMPLEX HAS DEVELOP$ ITS [N SOCIAL SECURITY COOP]ATIVE & A COOP]ATIVE BANK ?AT IS GR[+ MORE RAPIDLY ?AN ANY O!R BANK 9 ! ,BASQUE PROV9CES4 .<#c#c.> 

,! HI<E/ AU?ORITY 9 ! ,MONDRAGON COOP]ATIVES IS ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY1 ) EA* WORK]-MEMB] GETT+ ONE VOTE2 ! SPECIFIC MANAGEM5T ( ! COOP]ATIVE IS C>RI$ \T BY AN ELECT$ GOV]N+ C\NCIL1 :I* IS ADVIS$ BY A MANAGEM5T C\NCIL & A SOCIAL C\NCIL4 

,!RE >E ALSO MANY CRITICISMS ( ! ,MONDRAGON COMPLEX4 ,TO AN>*I/S IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE ?AT A DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE CAN H\SE AN ELITE GR\P1 & ACCORD+ TO ,MONDRAGON'S CRITICS ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT HAS HAPP5$ AS ! COOP]ATIVE COMPLEX SEEKS -- & A*IEVES -- SUCCESS )9 A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,AL?\< !IR ACCOMPLI%M5T IS IMPRESSIVE & GIVES LIE TO ! ASSUMPTION ?AT L>GE 9DU/RIES MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ HI]>*ICALLY1 ! COMPULSION TO BE PR(ITABLE & COMPETITIVE HAS PU%$ ! COOP]ATIVES TO MANAGE !IR [N EXPLOITATION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AFT] DECADES ( /ICK+ BY !IR EGALIT>IAN F\ND+ PR9CIPLES REG>D+ PAY SCALES1 EV5TUALLY ! ,MONDRAGON COOP]ATIVES DECID$ TO 9CREASE ! SAL>IES ( ! MANAG]IAL & TE*NICAL EXP]TS RELATIVE TO ! MANUAL WORK]S4 ,!IR REASON WAS ?AT !Y HAD A H>D TIME RETA9+ PEOPLE :O C\LD RECEIVE MU* HI<] PAY = !IR SKILLS 9 A CORPORATION4 ,?IS PROBLEM 9DICATES A NE$ TO MIX MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL TASKS TO AVOID ! PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( EXP]TIZE 7I4E4 CREAT+ EXP]TIZE AS A QUALITY RE/RICT$ TO AN ELITE FEW72 & TO BUILD AN ECONOMY 9 :I* PEOPLE >E PRODUC+ NOT = PR(IT BUT = O!R MEMB]S ( ! NETWORK1 SO MONEY LOSES ITS IMPORTANCE & PEOPLE WORK \T ( A S5SE ( COMMUNITY & SOLID>ITY4 

,PEOPLE 9 TODAY'S HI<-TE* SOCIETIES >E TRA9$ TO BELIEVE ?AT EXAMPLES FROM ! PA/ OR FROM ! 0UND]-DEVELOP$0 WORLD HAVE NO VALUE = \R SITUATION TODAY4 ,MANY PEOPLE :O CONSID] !MSELVES $UCAT$ SOCIOLOGI/S & ECONOMI/S DISMISS ! ,MONDRAGON EXAMPLE BY CLASSIFY+ ,BASQUE CULTURE AS EXCEPTIONAL4 ,BUT !RE >E O!R EXAMPLES ( ! EFFICACY ( EGALIT>IAN WORKPLACES1 EV5 9 ! HE>T ( CAPITALISM4 

,GORE ,ASSOCIATES1 BAS$ 9 ,DELAW>E1 IS ! BILLION DOLL> HI<-TE* FIRM ?AT PRODUCES WAT]PRO( ,GORE-,TEX FABRIC1 SPECIAL 9SULATION = COMPUT] CABLES1 & P>TS = ! M$ICAL1 AUTOMOBILE1 & SEMICONDUCTOR 9DU/RIES4 ,SAL>IES >E DET]M9$ COLLECTIVELY1 NO ONE HAS TITLES1 !RE IS NO =MAL MANAGEM5T /RUCTURE1 & DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 EMPLOYES IS M9IMIZ$4 ,BY ALL CAPITALI/ /&>DS ( P]=MANCE -- EMPLOYEE TURNOV]1 PR(ITABILITY1 PRODUCT REPUTATION1 LI/S ( BE/ COMPANIES TO WORK = -- ,GORE IS A SUCCESS4 

,AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 !IR SUCCESS IS ADH]5CE TO :AT SOME ACADEMICS CALL ! ,RULE ( #a#e4 ,BAS$ ON ! OBS]VATION ?AT HUNT]-GA!R] GR\PS >\ND ! WORLD -- AS WELL AS SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITIES & 9T5TIONAL COMMUNES -- SEEM TO KEEP !IR SIZE BETWE5 #a & #ae PEOPLE1 ! !ORY IS ?AT ! HUMAN BRA9 IS BE/ EQUIPP$ TO NAVIGATE WEBS ( P]SONAL RELATION%IPS ( UP TO #a#e4 ,MA9TA9+ 9TIMATE RELATION%IPS1 REMEMB]+ NAMES & SOCIAL /ATUS & E/ABLI%$ CODES ( CONDUCT & COMMUNICATION -- ALL ?IS TAKES UP M5TAL SPACE2 JU/ AS O!R PRIMATES T5D TO LIVE 9 GR\PS UP TO A C]TA9 SIZE1 HUMAN BE+S >E PROBABLY BE/ SUIT$ TO KEEP UP ) A C]TA9 NUMB] ( COMPANIONS4 ,ALL ,GORE FACTORIES KEEP !IR SIZE BEL[ #ae EMPLOYES1 SO EA* PLANT CAN BE 5TIRELY SELF-MANAG+1 NOT JU/ ON ! FACTORY FLOOR BUT ALSO 9CLUD+ ! PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE = M>KET+1 RESE>*1 & O!R TASKS4.<#c#d.> 

,SKEPTICS (T5 DISMISS ! AN>*I/IC EXAMPLE ( SMALL-SCALE 0PRIMITIVE0 SOCIETIES BY >GU+ ?AT IT'S NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE ON SU* A SMALL SCALE1 GIV5 ! HUGE POPULATION4 ,BUT !RE IS NO?+ TO /OP A L>GE SOCIETY = ORGANIZ+ ITSELF 9 MANY SMALL] UNITS4 ,SMALL-SCALE ORGANIZATION IS EM95TLY POSSIBLE4 ,EV5 )9 A HI<-TE* 9DU/RY1 ,GORE FACTORIES CAN COORD9ATE ) ONE ANO!R & ) SUPPLI]S & CONSUM]S :ILE MA9TA9+ !IR SMALL SCALE ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE4 ,JU/ AS EA* UNIT IS CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ ITS 9T]NAL RELATIONS1 EA* IS CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ ITS EXT]NAL RELATIONS4 

,( C\RSE1 ! EXAMPLE ( A FACTORY PRODUC+ SUCCESSFULLY )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM LEAVES MU* TO BE DESIR$4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S W\LD SOON] SEE ALL FACTORIES BURN$ TO ! GR\ND ?AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN =MS ( ORGANIZATION US$ TO SUG>COAT CAPITALISM4 ,BUT ?IS EXAMPLE %\LD AT LEA/ DEMON/RATE ?AT EV5 )9 A L>GE & COMPLEX SOCIETY1 SELF-ORGANIZATION WORKS4 

,! EXAMPLE ( ,GORE IS /ILL PROBLEMATIC BECAUSE ! WORK]S DO NOT [N ! FACTORY1 & ALSO BECAUSE =MAL MANAGEM5T C\LD BE REIMPOS$ AT ANY TIME BY ! COMPANY [N]S4 ,AN>*I/S !ORIZE ?AT ! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALISM DO NOT EXI/ ONLY 9 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 WORK]S & [N]S1 BUT ALSO BETWE5 WORK]S & MANAG]S1 & ?AT AS LONG AS ! MANAG]-WORK] RELATION%IP P]SI/S1 CAPITALISM CAN REEM]GE4 ,?IS !ORY IS C]TA9LY BORN \T BY ! ,MONDRAGON EXAMPLE1 :]E OV] TIME MANAG]S GA9$ MORE PAY & P[] & R5EW$ ! UNEQUAL1 PR(IT-FOCUS$ DYNAMICS TYPICAL ( CAPITALISM4 ,TAK+ ?IS 9TO ACC\NT1 SEV]AL AN>*I/S HAVE DESIGN$ AN \TL9E = A 0P>TICIPATORY ECONOMY10 OR P>ECON1 ?\< NO ONE HAS YET HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO SET UP SU* AN ECONOMY ON ANY CONSID]ABLE SCALE4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S1 P>ECON EMPHASIZES ! IMPORTANCE ( EMP[]+ ALL WORK]S BY MIX+ TASKS ?AT >E CREATIVE & ROTE1 M5TAL & MANUAL1 ?US CREAT+ 0BALANC$ JOB COMPLEXES0 ?AT WILL PREV5T ! EM]G5CE ( A MANAG]IAL CLASS4.<#c#e.> 

,DUR+ ! REBELLION 9 ,OAXACA 9 #b#f1 PEOPLE )\T PRIOR EXP]I5CE ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES TO RUN OCCUPI$ RADIO & TELEVISION /ATIONS4 ,!Y W]E MOTIVAT$ BY ! SOCIAL NE$ = FREE MEANS ( COMMUNICATION4 ,! ,M>* ( ,POTS & ,PANS1 ! LEG5D>Y WOM5'S M>* ON ,AUGU/ #a1 #b#f1 CULM9AT$ ) ?\S&S ( WOM5 SPONTANE\SLY TAK+ OV] ! /ATE-RUN TELEVISION /ATION4 ,9SPIR$ BY ! SUDD5 S5SE ( P[] !Y HAD WON BY REBELL+ AGA9/ A TRADITIONALLY PATRI>*AL SOCIETY1 !Y TOOK OV] ,*ANNEL #i1 :I* CONT9U\SLY SL&]$ ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS :ILE CLAIM+ TO BE ! *ANNEL ( ! PEOPLE4 ,AT FIR/1 !Y MADE ! 5G9E]S HELP !M RUN ! /ATION1 BUT SOON !Y W]E LE>N+ H[ TO DO IT !MSELVES4 ,ONE WOMAN REC\NT$3 

,I W5T DAILY TO ! *ANNEL TO /& GU>D & HELP \T4 ,! WOM5 W]E ORGANIZ$ 9TO DIFF]5T COMMISSIONS3 FOOD1 HYGI5E1 PRODUCTION1 & SECURITY4 ,ONE ?+ ,I LIK$ IS ?AT !RE W]E NO 9DIVIDUAL LEAD]S4 ,= EA* TASK !RE WAS A GR\P ( SEV]AL WOM5 9 *>GE4 ,WE LE>N$ EV]Y?+ FROM ! BEG9N+4 ,I REMEMB] SOMEBODY ASK+ :O C\LD USE A COMPUT]4 ,!N MANY ( ! Y\NG] GIRLS /EPP$ =W>D1 SAY+1 0ME1 ME1 ,I CAN60 ,9 ,RADIO ,UNIV]SIDAD1 !Y ANN\NC$ ?AT WE NE$$ PEOPLE ) TE*NICAL SKILLS1 & MORE PEOPLE CAME TO HELP4 ,9 ! BEG9N+1 !Y W]E FILM+ HEADLESS PEOPLE1 Y\ KN[4 ,BUT ! EXP]I5CE AT ,*ANNEL #i %[$ US ?AT :]E !RE'S A WILL1 !RE'S A WAY4 ,?+S GOT DONE1 & !Y GOT DONE WELL4 

,9 ! %ORT TIME .<?REE WEEKS.> ?AT ,*ANNEL #i WAS RUNN+1 UNTIL ,GOV]NOR ,ULISES COMM&$ ?AT ! ANT5NAS BE DE/ROY$1 WE MANAG$ TO SPREAD A LOT ( 9=MATION4 ,MOVIES & DOCUM5T>IES W]E %[N ?AT Y\ C\LD NEV] HAVE IMAG9$ SEE+ ON ,T,V O!RWISE4 ,AB\T DIFF]5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 AB\T ! /UD5T MASSACRE 9 ,TLATELOLCO 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 #a#i#f#h1 ! MASSACRES 9 ,AGUAS ,BLANCAS 9 ,GU]R]O & ,ACTEAL 9 ,*IAPAS1 AB\T GU]RILLA MOVEM5TS 9 ,CUBA & ,EL ,SALVADOR4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ,*ANNEL #i WASN'T JU/ ! WOM5'S *ANNEL ANYMORE4 ,IT WAS ! *ANNEL ( ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,! ONES P>TICIPAT+ MADE !IR [N PROGRAMS AS WELL4 ,!RE WAS A Y\? PROGRAM & A PROGRAM :]E PEOPLE FROM ! 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES P>TICIPAT$4 ,!RE WAS A PROGRAM ( D5\NCEM5TS1 :]E ANYONE C\LD COME & D5\NCE H[ ! GOV]NM5T HAD TREAT$ !M4 ,A LOT ( PEOPLE FROM ! DIFF]5T NEI<BORHOODS & COMMUNITIES WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE1 !RE WAS H>DLY 5\< AIRTIME = ALL ( !M4.<#c#f.> 

,AFT] ! OCCUPI$ TELEVISION /ATION WAS TAK5 (F ! AIR1 ! MOVEM5T RESPOND$ BY OCCUPY+ ALL ELEV5 COMM]CIAL RADIO /ATIONS 9 ,OAXACA4 ,! HOMOG5EITY ( COMM]CIAL RADIO WAS REPLAC$ BY MYRIAD VOICES -- A RADIO /ATION = UNIV]SITY /UD5TS1 ONE = ! WOM5'S GR\PS1 ONE RADIO /ATION OCCUPI$ BY ! AN>*I/S FROM A PUNK SQUAT -- & !RE W]E MORE 9DIG5\S VOICES ON ! RADIO ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,)9 A %ORT TIME1 PEOPLE 9 ! MOVEM5T DECID$ TO RETURN MO/ ( ! RADIO /ATIONS TO !IR SELF-/YL$ [N]S1 BUT KEPT CONTROL ( TWO ( !M4 ,!IR GOAL WAS NOT TO SUPPRESS ! VOICES ?AT OPPOS$ !M1 AS >TIFICIAL AS COMM]CIAL VOICES >E1 BUT TO W9 !MSELVES ! MEANS TO COMMUNICATE4 ,! REMA9+ RADIO /ATIONS OP]AT$ SUCCESSFULLY = MON?S1 UNTIL GOV]NM5T REPRESSION %UT !M D[N4 ,ONE UNIV]SITY /UD5T 9VOLV$ 9 TAK+ OV]1 RUNN+1 & DEF5D+ ! RADIO /ATIONS SAID3 

,AFT] ! TAKEOV]1 ,I READ AN >TICLE ?AT SAID ?AT ! 9TELLECTUAL & MAT]IAL AU?ORS ( ! TAKEOV]S ( ! RADIOS W]5'T ,OAXACAN1 ?AT !Y CAME FROM SOME:]E ELSE1 & ?AT !Y RECEIV$ V]Y SPECIALIZ$ SUPPORT4 ,IT SAID ?AT IT W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE = ANYONE )\T PREVI\S TRA9+ TO OP]ATE ! RADIOS 9 SU* A %ORT AM\NT ( TIME1 BECAUSE ! EQUIPM5T IS TOO SOPHI/ICAT$ = JU/ ANYONE TO USE4 ,!Y W]E WRONG4.<#c#g.> 

,:O WILL TAKE \T ! TRA%8 

,IF EV]YONE IS FREE TO WORK AS !Y *OOSE1 :O WILL TAKE \T ! TRA% OR P]=M O!R UNDESIRABLE JOBS8 ,=TUNATELY1 9 A LOCALIZ$1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 WE C\LD NOT EXT]NALIZE1 OR HIDE1 ! CO/S ( \R LIFE/YLE BY PAY+ SOMEONE ELSE TO CLEAN UP AFT] US4 ,WE W\LD HAVE TO PAY = ! CONSEQU5CES ( ALL \R [N ACTIONS -- RA!R ?AN PAY+ ,*9A TO TAKE \R TOXIC WA/E1 = EXAMPLE4 ,IF A NECESS>Y S]VICE LIKE G>BAGE DISPOSAL W]E BE+ NEGLECT$1 ! COMMUNITY W\LD QUICKLY NOTICE & HAVE TO DECIDE H[ TO H&LE ! PROBLEM4 ,PEOPLE C\LD AGREE TO REW>D SU* WORK ) SMALL P]KS -- NO?+ ?AT TRANSLATES 9TO P[] OR AU?ORITY1 BUT SOME?+ LIKE GETT+ TO BE FIR/ 9 L9E :5 EXOTIC GOODS COME 9TO T[N1 RECEIV+ A MASSAGE OR A CAKE OR SIMPLY ! RECOGNITION & GRATITUDE = BE+ A /&UP MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,ULTIMATELY1 9 A COOP]ATIVE SOCIETY1 HAV+ A GOOD REPUTATION & BE+ SE5 BY Y\R PE]S AS RESPONSIBLE >E MORE COMPELL+ ?AN ANY MAT]IAL 9C5TIVES4 

,OR ! COMMUNITY C\LD DECIDE ?AT EV]YONE %\LD 9VOLVE !MSELVES 9 !SE TASKS ON A ROTAT+ BASIS4 ,AN ACTIVITY LIKE G>BAGE COLLECTION DOES NOT HAVE TO DEF9E ANYONE'S 0C>E]0 9 AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,NECESS>Y TASKS NO ONE WANTS TO P]=M %\LD BE %>$ BY EV]YONE4 ,SO 9/EAD ( A FEW PEOPLE HAV+ TO SORT ?R\< G>BAGE !IR 5TIRE LIVES1 EV]YONE :O WAS PHYSICALLY ABLE W\LD HAVE TO DO IT = JU/ A C\PLE H\RS EA* MON?4 

,! ,*RI/IANIA 0FREE /ATE0 IS A QU>T] 9 ,COP5HAG51 ,D5M>K1 ?AT HAS BE5 SQUATT$ S9CE #a#i#g#a4 ,ITS #he 9HABITANTS >E AUTONOM\S )9 !IR #he ACRES4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 TAK+ \T !IR [N TRA% = OV] ?IRTY YE>S4 ,! FACT ?AT !Y RECEIVE AB\T ONE MILLION VISITORS A YE> MAKES !IR A*IEVEM5T ALL ! MORE IMPRESSIVE4 ,! /REETS1 BUILD+S1 RE/AURANTS1 PUBLIC TOILETS1 & PUBLIC %[]S >E ALL REASONABLY CLEAN -- ESPECIALLY = HIPPIES6 ,! BODY ( WAT] ?AT RUNS ?R\< ,*RI/IANIA IS NOT ! CLEANE/1 BUT CONSID]+ ?AT ,*RI/IANIA IS TREE-COV]$ & AUTOMOBILE FREE ONE SUSPECTS MO/ ( ! POLLUTION COMES FROM ! SURR\ND+ CITY ?AT %>ES ! WAT]WAY4 

,RESID5TS HAVE BUILT DOZ5S ( ! H\SES N[ /&+ 9 ,*RI/IANIA US+ 9NOVATIVE ECO-DESIGNS4 ,!Y ALSO USE3 

SOL> P[]1 W9D P[]1 COMPO/+ & A :OLE HO/ ( O!R ECO-FRI5DLY 9NOVATIONS4 ,A ME?OD ( FILT]+ SEWAGE ?R\< RE$ B$S1 :I* MEANS WAT] COM+ \T ( ,*RI/IANIA IS AS CLEAN AS ?AT COM+ \T FROM ! RE/ ( ,COP5HAG5'S TREATM5T PLANTS1 HAS HELP$ ! COMMUNE BE %ORTLI/$ = A PAN-,SC&9AVIAN AW>D = ECOLOGICAL LIV+4.<#c#h.> 

,DIFF]5T PEOPLE 9T]VIEW$ HAD DIFF]5T CONCEPTIONS ( H[ ,*RI/IANIA WAS KEPT CLEAN1 SUGGE/+ A SORT ( DUAL SY/EM4 ,A NEWCOM] SAID ?AT Y\ CLEAN$ UP AFT] Y\RSELF1 & :5 Y\ FELT LIKE DO+ SOME EXTRA PICK+ UP1 Y\ DID4 ,AN OLD-TIME RESID5T :O WAS MORE 9VOLV$ 9 DECISION-MAK+ EXPLA9$ !RE WAS A G>BAGE COMMITTEE1 ANSW]ABLE TO ! 0,COMMON ,MEET+10 RESPONSIBLE = ! BOTTOM-L9E ( KEEP+ ,*RI/IANIA CLEAN1 ?\< CLE>LY VOLUNT>Y ASSI/ANCE & CLEANL9ESS BY ALL ! RESID5TS WAS ! FIR/ L9E ( DEF5SE4 

,:O WILL TAKE C>E ( ! ELD]LY & DISABL$8 

,ONLY 9 A SOCIETY ) :AT IS EUPHEMI/ICALLY T]M$ A 0HI<LY COMPETITIVE M>KET0 >E ELD]LY PEOPLE & DISABL$ PEOPLE SO M>G9ALIZ$4 ,9 ORD] TO 9CREASE PR(IT M>G9S1 EMPLOY]S AVOID HIR+ PEOPLE ) DISABILITIES & =CE OLD] WORK]S 9TO E>LY RETIREM5T4 ,:5 WORK]S >E COMPELL$ TO MOVE FREQU5TLY 9 SE>* ( JOBS1 9 A CULTURE 9 :I* ! RITE ( PASSAGE TO ADUL?OOD IS MOV+ 9TO Y\R [N H\SE1 P>5TS >E LEFT ALONE AS !Y AGE4 ,MO/ EV5TUALLY MOVE 9TO :ATEV] K9D ( RETIREM5T FACILITY !Y CAN AF=D2 MANY DIE NEGLECT$1 ALONE1 & 9DIGNANT1 P]HAPS ) B$ SORES & DIAP]S ?AT HAVE NOT BE5 *ANG$ 9 TWO DAYS4 ,9 AN AN>*I/1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ WORLD1 ! SOCIAL FABRIC W\LD NOT BE SO CO>SE4 

,9 ! PLE?ORA ( EXP]IM5TS ?AT >OSE 9 ,>G5T9A 9 RESPONSE TO ! CRISIS ( #b#a1 ! ECONOMICS ( SOLID>ITY & C>E = ALL MEMB]S ( SOCIETY FL\RI%$4 ,! ECONOMIC COLLAPSE 9 ,>G5T9A DID NOT LEAD TO ! DOG-EAT-DOG SC5>IO ?AT CAPITALI/S FE>4 ,RA!R1 ! RESULT WAS AN EXPLOSION ( SOLID>ITY1 & ! ELD]LY & DISABL$ HAVE NOT BE5 LEFT \T ( ?IS WEB ( MUTUAL AID4 ,9 P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES1 ELD]LY & DISABL$ PEOPLE 9 ,>G5T9A GOT A *ANCE TO SECURE !IR [N NE$S & REPRES5T !MSELVES 9 ! DECISIONS ?AT W\LD AFFECT !IR LIVES4 ,AT SOME ASSEMBLIES1 P>TICIPANTS SUGGE/$ ?AT ?OSE :O [N !IR [N H\SES )HOLD !IR PROP]TY TAX & 9/EAD GIVE ?AT MONEY TO ! LOCAL HOSPITAL OR O!R C>E FACILITIES4 ,9 P>TS ( ,>G5T9A ) SEV]E UNEMPLOYM5T1 MOVEM5TS ( UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S HAVE EFFECTIVELY TAK5 OV] & >E BUILD+ NEW ECONOMIES4 ,9 ,G5]AL ,MOSCONI1 AN OIL T[N 9 ! NOR?1 UNEMPLOYM5T IS ABOVE #d.01 & ! >EA IS L>GELY AUTONOM\S4 ,! MOVEM5T HAS ORGANIZ$ OV] #c PROJECTS TO SEE TO PEOPLE'S NE$S1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( ! ELD]LY & DISABL$4 

,EV5 9 ! ABS5CE ( /OR$ WEAL? OR FIX$ 9FRA/RUCTURE1 /ATELESS HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES G5]ALLY TAKE C>E ( ALL ! MEMB]S ( !IR COMMUNITY REG>DLESS ( :E!R !Y >E ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE4 ,9 FACT1 GR&P>5TS -- G5ETICALLY USELESS FROM A ,D>W9I/ PO9T ( VIEW S9CE !Y >E PA/ ! AGE ( REPRODUCTION.<#c#i.> -- >E A DEF9+ *>ACT]I/IC ( HUMANK9D GO+ BACK MILLIONS ( YE>S1 & ! FOSSIL RECORD FROM ! BEG9N+ ( \R SPECIES %[S ?AT ! ELD]LY W]E C>$ =4 ,MOD]N HUNT]-GA!R]S DEMON/RATE NOT ONLY MAT]IAL C>E = ! ELD]LY1 BUT ALSO SOME?+ ?AT IS 9VISIBLE 9 ! FOSSIL RECORD3 RESPECT4 ,! ,MBUTI1 = EXAMPLE1 RECOGNIZE FIVE AGE GR\PS -- 9FANTS1 *ILDR51 Y\?1 ADULTS1 & ELD]S -- & ( !SE1 ONLY ! ADULTS C>RY \T SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC PRODUCTION 9 ! =M ( GA!R+ & HUNT+ OR COLLECT+ RAW MAT]IALS LIKE WOOD2 YET SOCIAL WEAL? IS %>$ BY ALL REG>DLESS ( !IR PRODUCTIVITY4 ,IT W\LD BE UN?9KABLE TO LET ! ELD]LY OR DISABL$ />VE SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y DO NOT WORK4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,MBUTI 9CLUDE ALL MEMB]S ( !IR SOCIETY 9 MAK+ DECISIONS & P>TICIPAT+ 9 POLITICAL & SOCIAL LIFE1 & ! ELD]LY PLAY A SPECIAL ROLE 9 CONFLICT RESOLUTION & PEACEMAK+4 

,H[ WILL PEOPLE GET HEAL?C>E8 

,CAPITALI/S & BUREAUCRATS SEE HEAL?C>E AS AN 9DU/RY -- A WAY TO EXTORT MONEY FROM PEOPLE 9 NE$ -- & ALSO AS A WAY TO APPEASE ! POPULATION & PREV5T REBELLION4 ,IT'S NO SURPRISE ?AT ! QUALITY ( ! HEAL?C>E (T5 SUFF]S4 ,9 ! RI*E/ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD1 MILLIONS HAVE NO ACCESS TO HEAL?C>E1 9CLUD+ ?IS AU?OR1 & EV]Y YE> HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE DIE FROM PREV5TABLE OR TREATABLE CAUSES4 

,S9CE POISON\S WORK+ & LIV+ CONDITIONS & LACK ( HEAL?C>E HAVE ALWAYS BE5 MAJOR GRIEVANCES )9 CAPITALISM1 PROVID+ HEAL?C>E IS G5]ALLY A *IEF GOAL ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 UNEMPLOY$ PIQUET]OS & NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES 9 ,>G5T9A COMMONLY SET UP CL9ICS OR TAKE OV] & FUND EXI/+ HOSPITALS LEFT DEFUNCT BY ! /ATE4 

,DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,B>CELONA'S ,M$ICAL ,SYNDICATE1 ORGANIZ$ L>GELY BY AN>*I/S1 MANAG$ #ah HOSPITALS 7#f ( :I* IT HAD CREAT$71 #ag SANATORIA1 #bb CL9ICS1 #f PSY*IATRIC E/ABLI%M5TS1 #c NURS]IES1 & ONE MAT]NITY HOSPITAL4 ,\TPATI5T DEP>TM5TS W]E SET UP 9 ALL ! PR9CIPAL LOCALITIES 9 ,CATALUNYA4 ,UPON RECEIV+ A REQUE/1 ! ,SYNDICATE S5T DOCTORS TO PLACES 9 NE$4 ,! DOCTOR W\LD HAVE TO GIVE GOOD REASON = REFUS+ ! PO/1 0= IT WAS CONSID]$ ?AT M$IC9E WAS AT ! S]VICE ( ! COMMUNITY1 & NOT ! O!R WAY R\ND40.<#d.> ,FUNDS = \TPATI5T CL9ICS CAME FROM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES4 ,! AN>*I/ ,HEAL? ,WORK]S' ,UNION 9CLUD$ #h1 HEAL? WORK]S1 #a1#b ( !M DOCTORS1 & ALSO #c1#b#f NURSES1 #acc D5TI/S1 #cc MIDWIVES1 & #aec H]BALI/S4 ,! ,UNION OP]AT$ #cf HEAL? C5T]S DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ,CATALUNYA TO PROVIDE HEAL?C>E TO EV]YONE 9 ! 5TIRE REGION4 ,!RE WAS A C5TRAL SYNDICATE 9 EA* ( N9E ZONES1 & 9 ,B>CELONA A ,CONTROL ,COMMITTEE COMPOS$ ( ONE DELEGATE FROM EA* SECTION MET ONCE A WEEK TO DEAL ) COMMON PROBLEMS & IMPLEM5T A COMMON PLAN4 ,EV]Y DEP>TM5T WAS AUTONOM\S 9 ITS [N SPH]E1 BUT NOT ISOLAT$1 AS !Y SUPPORT$ ONE ANO!R4 ,BEYOND ,CATALUNYA1 HEAL?C>E WAS PROVID$ = FREE 9 AGR>IAN COLLECTIVES ?R\<\T ,>AGON & ! ,LEVANT4 

,EV5 9 ! NASC5T AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,S TODAY1 AN>*I/S >E TAK+ /EPS TO LE>N AB\T & PROVIDE HEAL?C>E4 ,9 SOME COMMUNITIES AN>*I/S >E LE>N+ ALT]NATIVE M$IC9E & PROVID+ IT = !IR COMMUNITIES4 ,& AT MAJOR PROTE/S1 GIV5 ! LIKELIHOOD ( POLICE VIOL5CE1 AN>*I/S ORGANIZE NETWORKS ( VOLUNTE] M$ICS :O SET UP FIR/ AID /ATIONS & ORGANIZE ROV+ M$ICS TO PROVIDE FIR/ AID = ?\S&S ( DEMON/RATORS4 ,!SE M$ICS1 (T5 SELF-TRA9$1 TREAT 9JURIES FROM PEPP] SPRAY1 TE> GAS1 CLUBS1 TAS]S1 RUBB] BULLETS1 POLICE HORSES1 & MORE1 AS WELL AS %OCK & TRAUMA4 ,! ,BO/ON ,>EA ,LIB]ATION ,M$IC ,SQUAD 7,B,A,L,M ,SQUAD7 IS AN EXAMPLE ( A M$IC GR\P ?AT ORGANIZES ON A P]MAN5T BASIS4 ,=M$ 9 #b#a1 !Y TRAVEL TO MAJOR PROTE/S 9 O!R CITIES AS WELL1 & HOLD TRA9+S = EM]G5CY FIR/ AID4 ,!Y RUN A WEBSITE1 %>E 9=MATION1 & L9K TO O!R 9ITIATIVES1 SU* AS ! ,COMMON ,GR\ND CL9IC DESCRIB$ BEL[4 ,!Y >E NON-HI]>*ICAL & USE CONS5SUS DECISION-MAK+1 AS DOES ! ,BAY ,>EA ,RADICAL ,HEAL? ,COLLECTIVE1 A SIMIL> GR\P ON ! ,WE/ ,COA/4 

,BETWE5 PROTE/S1 A NUMB] ( RADICAL FEM9I/ GR\PS ?R\<\T ! ,U,S & ,CANADA HAVE =M$ ,WOM5'S ,HEAL? ,COLLECTIVES1 TO ADDRESS ! NE$S ( WOM54 ,SOME ( !SE COLLECTIVES TEA* FEMALE ANATOMY 9 EMP[]+1 POSITIVE WAYS1 %[+ WOM5 H[ TO GIVE !MSELVES GYNECOLOGICAL EXAMS1 H[ TO EXP]I5CE M5/RUATION COM=TABLY1 & H[ TO PRACTICE SAFE ME?ODS ( BIR? CONTROL4 ,! PATRI>*AL ,WE/]N M$ICAL E/ABLI%M5T IS G5]ALLY IGNORANT ( WOM5'S HEAL? TO ! PO9T ( BE+ DEGRAD+ & H>MFUL4 ,AN ANTI-E/ABLI%M5T1 DO-IT-Y\RSELF APPROA* ALL[S M>G9ALIZ$ PEOPLE TO SUBV]T A NEGLECTFUL SY/EM BY ORGANIZ+ TO MEET !IR [N NE$S4 

,AFT] ,HURRICANE ,KATR9A DEVA/AT$ ,NEW ,ORLEANS1 ACTIVI/ /REET M$ICS JO9$ A =M] ,BLACK ,PAN!R 9 SETT+ UP ! ,COMMON ,GR\ND CL9IC 9 ONE ( ! NE$IE/ NEI<BORHOODS4 ,!Y W]E SOON ASSI/$ BY HUNDR$S ( AN>*I/S & O!R VOLUNTE]S FROM ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 MO/LY )\T EXP]I5CE4 ,FUND$ BY DONATIONS & RUN BY VOLUNTE]S1 ! ,COMMON ,GR\ND CL9IC PROVID$ TREATM5T TO T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 ,! FAILURE ( ! GOV]NM5T'S 0,EM]G5CY ,MANAGEM5T0 EXP]TS DUR+ ! CRISIS IS WIDELY RECOGNIZ$4 ,BUT ,COMMON ,GR\ND WAS SO WELL ORGANIZ$ IT ALSO \T-P]=M$ ! ,R$ ,CROSS1 DESPITE ! LATT] HAV+ A GREAT DEAL MORE EXP]I5CE & RES\RCES4.<#d#a.> ,9 ! PROCESS1 !Y POPUL>IZ$ ! CONCEPT ( MUTUAL AID & MADE PLA9 ! FAILURE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,AT ! TIME ( ?IS WRIT+ ,COMMON ,GR\ND HAS #d FULL-TIME ORGANIZ]S & IS PURSU+ HEAL? 9 A MU* BROAD] S5SE1 ALSO MAK+ COMMUNITY G>D5S & FI<T+ = H\S+ RI<TS SO ?AT ?OSE EVICT$ BY ! /ORM WILL NOT BE PREV5T$ FROM COM+ HOME BY ! G5TRIFICATION PLANS ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y HAVE HELP$ GUT & REBUILD MANY H\SES 9 ! POORE/ NEI<BORHOODS1 :I* AU?ORITIES WANT$ TO BULLDOZE 9 ORD] TO W9 MORE LIV+ SPACE = RI* :ITE PEOPLE4 

,:AT AB\T $UCATION8 

,$UCATION HAS LONG BE5 A PRIORITY ( AN>*I/ & O!R REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD4 ,BUT EV5 IF PEOPLE COMPLETELY NEGLECT$ ! ORGANIZATION ( $UCATION AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT W\LD /ILL BE AN IMPROVEM5T OV] ! PATRIOTIC1 DEGRAD+1 MANIPULATIVE1 & M9D-NUMB+ =MS ( $UCATION SPONSOR$ BY ! NATION-/ATE4 ,LIKE EV]YONE ELSE1 *ILDR5 >E CAPABLE ( $UCAT+ !MSELVES1 & >E MOTIVAT$ TO DO SO 9 ! PROP] SETT+4 ,BUT PUBLIC S*OOLS R>ELY (F] ?AT SETT+1 NOR DO !Y $UCATE ! /UD5TS ON TOPICS ( IMM$IATE USEFULNESS1 LIKE SURVIV+ *ILDHOOD1 EXPRESS+ EMOTIONS HEAL?ILY1 DEVELOP+ !IR UNIQUE CREATIVE POT5TIALS1 TAK+ *>GE ( !IR [N HEAL? OR C>+ = SICK PEOPLE1 DEAL+ ) G5D] VIOL5CE1 DOME/IC ABUSE1 OR ALCOHOLISM1 /&+ UP TO BULLIES1 COMMUNICAT+ ) P>5TS1 EXPLOR+ !IR SEXUALITY 9 A RESPECTFUL WAY1 F9D+ A JOB & AP>TM5T OR MAK+ DO )\T MONEY1 OR O!R SKILLS Y\NG PEOPLE NE$ TO LIVE4 ,9 ! FEW CLASSES ?AT TEA* USEFUL H&S-ON SKILLS -- NE>LY ALWAYS ELECTIVES -- /UD5TS >E 0TRACK$40 ,GIRLS LE>N H[ TO COOK & SEW 9 ,HOME ,EC1 BOYS LIKELY TO GO ON TO BLUE COLL> JOBS LE>N WOOD-WORK+ 9 ,%OP4 ,IT IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT MO/ BOYS F9I% HI< S*OOL IGNORANT ( H[ TO COOK OR PAT* UP !IR CLO!S1 & MO/ GIRLS & FUTURE :ITE COLL> WORK]S GRADUATE NOT KN[+ H[ TO FIX A TOILET1 M\NT AN ELECTRICAL 9/ALLATION1 REPAIR A BICYCLE OR A C> 5G9E1 PLA/] A WALL1 OR WORK ) WOOD4 ,& 9 ! COMPUT] & TE*NOLOGY CLASSES1 ! FACT ?AT ! /UD5TS (T5 KN[ MORE ?AN ! TEA*]S IS A CLE> 9DICATION ?AT SOME?+ IS WRONG ) ?IS =M ( $UCATION4 ,S*OOLS DO NOT EV5 TEA* KIDS ! SKILLS !Y NE$ = ! CRAPPY JOBS !Y WILL 5D UP WORK+4 ,MO/ ( ?IS1 PEOPLE TEA* !MSELVES1 OR LE>N AMONG FRI5DS & PE]S -- ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! S*OOL ( LIFE IS ALREADY AN>*I/IC4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT LESSONS CONSI/5TLY TAU<T BY S*OOLS UND] ! /ATE >E TO OBEY >BITR>Y AU?ORITY1 TO ACCEPT ! IMPOSITION ( O!R PEOPLE'S PRIORITIES ON \R LIVES1 & TO /OP DAYDREAM+4 ,:5 *ILDR5 />T S*OOL1 !Y >E SELF-GUID$1 CURI\S AB\T ! WORLD !Y LIVE 91 & BELIEVE EV]Y?+ IS POSSIBLE4 ,:5 !Y F9I%1 !Y >E CYNICAL1 SELF-ABSORB$1 & US$ TO D$ICAT+ =TY H\RS ( !IR WEEK TO AN ACTIVITY !Y NEV] *OSE4 ,!Y >E ALSO LIKELY TO BE MIS$UCAT$ AB\T A NUMB] ( ?+S1 P]HAPS UNAW>E ?AT A MAJORITY ( HUMAN SOCIETIES ?R\<\T HI/ORY HAVE BE5 EGALIT>IAN & /ATELESS1 ?AT ! POLICE HAVE ONLY REC5TLY BECOME AN IMPORTANT & SUPPOS$LY NECESS>Y 9/ITUTION1 ?AT !IR GOV]NM5T HAS A TRACK RECORD ( TORTURE1 G5OCIDE1 & REPRESSION1 ?AT !IR LIFE/YLES >E DE/ROY+ ! 5VIRONM5T1 ?AT !IR FOOD & WAT] >E POISON$1 OR ?AT !RE IS A HI/ORY ( RESI/ANCE WAIT+ TO BE UNCOV]$ 9 !IR V]Y [N T[N4 

,?IS SY/EMATIC MIS$UCATION IS H>DLY SURPRIS+1 GIV5 ! HI/ORY ( PUBLIC S*OOLS4 ,?\< PUBLIC S*OOLS DEVELOP$ GRADUALLY FROM AN >RAY ( PREC$5TS1 ! REGIME ( ,OTTO VON ,BISM>CK IS WIDELY CR$IT$ ) FIR/ E/ABLI%+ A NATIONAL PUBLIC S*OOL SY/EM4 ,! PURPOSE WAS TO PREP>E Y\? = C>E]S 9 ! BUREAUCRACY OR MILIT>Y1 DISCIPL9E !M1 9/ILL !M ) PATRIOTISM1 & 9DOCTR9ATE !M 9 ! CULTURE & HI/ORY ( A ,G]MAN NATION ?AT HAD NOT PREVI\SLY EXI/$4 ,! S*OOL SY/EM WAS ONE ( ! MOD]NIZATIONS ?AT ALL[$ A COLLECTION ( BICK]+ PROV9CES1 SOME ( !M PRACTICALLY FEUDAL1 TO =M A /ATE ?AT C\LD ?REAT5 ! RE/ ( ! CONT95T -- & L>GE P>TS ( ,AFRICA -- )9 A G5]ATION4 

,9 RESPONSE1 A NUMB] ( AN>*I/ !ORI/S SET \T TO DESIGN NON-HI]>*ICAL S*OOLS 9 :I* TEA*]S W\LD S]VE AS AIDES HELP+ ! /UD5TS LE>N & EXPLORE !IR *OS5 SUBJECTS4 ,SOME ( !SE AN>*I/ EXP]IM5TS 9 $UCATION 9 ! ,U,S W]E CALL$ ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS1 ON ! MODEL ( ,SPANI% AN>*I/ ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]'S ,ESCUELA ,MOD]NA4 ,!SE S*OOLS HELP$ $UCATE ?\S&S ( /UD5TS1 & PLAY$ IMPORTANT ROLES 9 ! AN>*I/ & LABOR MOVEM5TS4 ,9 #a#i#a#a1 %ORTLY AFT] ,F]R]'S EXECUTION 9 ,SPA91 ! FIR/ ,MOD]N ,S*OOL 9 ! ,U,S WAS F\ND$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 & O!R AN>*I/S4 ,A NUMB] ( FAM\S >TI/S & WRIT]S HELP$ TEA* !RE1 & PUPILS 9CLUD$ ! >TI/ ,MAN ,RAY4 ,IT LA/$ = SEV]AL DECADES1 EV5TUALLY MOV+ \T ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY DUR+ A P]IOD ( 9T5SE POLITICAL REPRESSION1 & BECAME ! C5T] ( A RURAL COMMUNE4 

,MORE REC5TLY1 AN>*I/S & O!R ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U,S HAVE ORGANIZ$ 0FREE S*OOLS40 ,SOME ( !SE >E TEMPOR>Y1 AD HOC CLASSES1 :ILE SOME >E FULLY ORGANIZ$ S*OOLS4 ,ONE1 ! ,ALBANY ,FREE ,S*OOL1 HAS EXI/$ = OV] #cb YE>S 9 9N]-CITY ,ALBANY4 ,?IS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN S*OOL IS COMMITT$ TO SOCIAL JU/ICE AS WELL AS $UCATION -- IT (F]S SLID+ SCALE TUITION & TURNS NO ONE AWAY = F9ANCIAL REASONS4 ,MO/ EXP]IM5TAL S*OOLS >E ONLY ACCESSIBLE TO ! ELITE1 BUT ! /UD5T BODY ( ! ,ALBANY ,FREE ,S*OOL IS DIV]SE1 9CLUD+ MANY 9N]-CITY KIDS FROM POOR FAMILIES4 ,! S*OOL HAS NO CURRICULUM OR COMPULSORY CLASSES1 OP]AT+ ACCORD+ TO ! PHILOSOPHY 0',TRU/ *ILDR5 & !Y WILL LE>N4' ,BECAUSE :5 Y\ 5TRU/ KIDS ) !IR [N SO-CALL$ 0$UCATION0 -- :I* IS NOT A ?+ AFT] ALL1 BUT RA!R AN EV]-PRES5T ACTION -- !Y WILL LE>N CONT9UALLY1 EA* 9 !IR [N WAY & RHY?M40 ,! ,FREE ,S*OOL TEA*ES *ILDR5 UP TO #h? GRADE1 & HAS REC5TLY OP5$ A HI< S*OOL1 ! ,H>RIET ,TUBMAN ,FREE ,S*OOL4 ,! S*OOL ORGANIZES A SMALL ORGANIC F>M 9 ! CITY :I* PROVIDES ANO!R IMPORTANT LE>N+ OPPORTUNITY = /UD5TS4 ,/UD5TS ALSO WORK ) COMMUNITY S]VICE PROJECTS SU* AS S\P KIT*5S & DAYC>E C5T]S4 ,DESPITE F9ANCIAL & O!R LIMITATIONS1 !Y HAVE SUCCE$$ ADMIRABLY4 

,\R REPUTATION ) /UD5TS ?AT >E /RUGGL+ ACADEMICALLY &_/OR BEHAVIORALLY1 & :OSE NE$S ! SY/EM HAS FAIL$ TO MEET1 IS SU* ?AT AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( KIDS >E COM+ TO US HAV+ PREVI\SLY BE5 TAGG$ ) LABELS LIKE ,A,D,H,D & PLAC$ ON ,RITAL9 & O!R BIOPSY*IATRIC M$ICATIONS4 ,!IR P>5TS SEEK US \T BECAUSE !Y'RE CONC]N$ AB\T ! SIDE EFFECTS ( ! DRUGS & BECAUSE !Y'VE HE>D ?AT WE WORK EFFECTIVELY ) !SE *ILDR5 )\T DRUGS ( ANY K9D4 ,\R ACTIVE1 FLEXIBLE1 9DIVIDUALLY /RUCTUR$ 5VIRONM5T R5D]S ! DRUGS 5TIRELY UNNECESS>Y4.<#d#b.> 

,! ,M,/1 ! ,L&LESS ,WORK]S' ,MOVEM5T 9 ,BRAZIL1 HAS FOCUS$ >D5TLY ON $UCATION 9 ! SETTLEM5TS !Y HAVE CREAT$ ON OCCUPI$ L&4 ,BETWE5 #bb & #b#e1 ! ,M,/ CLAIMS TO HAVE TAU<T OV] #e1 L&LESS WORK]S H[ TO READ2 #a#e1 *ILDR5 >E 5ROLL$ 9 #a1#b DIFF]5T S*OOLS !Y HAVE BUILT ON !IR SETTLEM5TS1 & !Y HAVE ALSO TRA9$ OV] ONE ?\S& $UCATORS4 ,! ,M,/ S*OOLS >E FREE FROM /ATE CONTROL1 SO COMMUNITIES HAVE ! P[] TO DECIDE :AT !IR *ILDR5 >E TAU<T & CAN DEVELOP ALT]NATIVE ME?ODS ( $UCATION AS WELL AS CURRICULA FREE ( ! RACI/1 PATRIOTIC1 & CAPITALI/ VALUES ?AT >E P>T & P>CEL ( PUBLIC $UCATION4 ,! ,BRAZILIAN GOV]NM5T COMPLA9S ?AT *ILDR5 9 ! SETTLEM5TS >E TAU<T ?AT G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ CROPS POSE A RISK TO HUMAN HEAL? & ! 5VIRONM5T1 :I* SUGGE/S ?AT !Y GET A MU* MORE RELEVANT & ACCURATE $UCATION ?AN !IR PE]S 9 ! /ATE RUN S*OOLS4 ,M,/ S*OOLS 9 ! SETTLEM5TS FOCUS ON LIT]ACY & USE ! ME?ODS ( ,PAULO ,FREIRE1 :O DEVELOP$ ! 0P$AGOGY ( ! OPPRESS$40 ,9 ,SAO ,PAULO ! ,M,/ HAS BUILT ITSELF AN AUTONOM\S UNIV]SITY :I* TRA9S F>M]S NOM9AT$ BY ! 9DIVIDUAL SETTLEM5TS4 ,RA!R ?AN TEA*+1 = EXAMPLE1 AGRIBUS9ESS1 AS A CAPITALI/ UNIV]SITY W\LD1 !Y TEA* FAMILY AGRICULTURE ) A CRITIQUE ( ! EXPLOITATIVE & 5VIRONM5TALLY DE/RUCTIVE TE*NIQUES PREVAL5T 9 CONTEMPOR>Y AGRICULTURE4 ,= O!R TE*NICAL C\RSES ! ,M,/ ALSO HELPS PEOPLE GET $UCATIONS 9 PUBLIC UNIV]SITIES1 ?\< !Y (T5 W9 ! COLLABORATION ( LEFTW+ PR(ESSORS TO (F] MORE CRITICAL LESSONS ( A HI<] CALIB]1 EV5 5ABL+ !M TO DESIGN !IR [N C\RSES4 ,!Y EMPHASIZE 9 ALL !SE =MS ( $UCATION ?AT IT IS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! /UD5TS TO USE :AT !Y LE>N = !IR COMMUNITY & NOT = 9DIVIDUAL PR(IT4 

,! ,MOVIMI5TO ,CAMPES9O DE ,SANTIAGO DE ,E/]O1 ,M,O,C,A,S,E1 IS A GR\P ( F>M]S1 MANY ( !M ,QUE*UA1 ) SIMIL>ITIES & CONNECTIONS TO ! ,M,/4 ,BEG9N+ AS A GR\P ( F>M]S FI<T+ = L& 9 ! FACE ( EXPANSION BY =E/RY COMPANIES FROM ! ,GLOBAL ,NOR?1 !Y N[ NUMB] #h1 FAMILIES 9 #eh COMMUNITIES ACTIVE 9 A BROAD RANGE ( /RUGGLES4 ,WORK+ TOGE!R ) ! ,UNIV]SIDAD ,TRAN%UMANTE1 !Y SET UP A ,F>M]S ,S*OOL ?AT HELPS F>M]S LE>N ! SKILLS NECESS>Y = SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! /UD5TS ALSO LE>N TO TEA*1 SO !Y CAN HELP TRA9 O!R F>M]S4 ,! ,UNIV]SIDAD ,TRAN%UMANTE IS 9T]E/+ 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,IT IS A POPUL> $UCATION UNIV]SITY1 ALSO 9SPIR$ BY ,FREIRE1 ?AT ORGANIZ$ A YE>-LONG C>AVAN TO #h CITIES >\ND ,>G5T9A1 TO PRES5T POPUL> $UCATION WORK%OPS & LE>N AB\T ! PROBLEMS PEOPLE FACE4.<#d#c.> ,\TSIDE ( ! CONTROL ( ! /ATE1 $UCATION NE$ NOT BE A /ATIC1 FIX$ ?+4 ,IT CAN BE A TOOL ( EMP[]M5T1 AS PEOPLE >E TAU<T H[ TO TEA*1 SO !Y CAN PASS ON ! LESSONS !Y LE>N RA!R ?AN BE+ P]MAN5TLY DEP5D5T ON A CLASS ( PR(ESSIONAL $UCATORS4 ,IT CAN BE A TOOL ( LIB]ATION1 AS PEOPLE LE>N AB\T AU?ORITY & RESI/ANCE1 & /UDY H[ TO TAKE CONTROL OV] !IR [N LIVES4 ,IT CAN BE A C>AVAN1 A CIRCUS1 AS PEOPLE TRAVEL ACROSS A C\NTRY & 9/EAD ( BR++ CAG$ SPECTACLES !Y BR+ NEW IDEAS & TE*NIQUES4 ,& IT CAN BE A TOOL = SURVIVAL1 AS OPPRESS$ PEOPLES LE>N AB\T !IR HI/ORIES & PREP>E = !IR FUTURES4 

,9 #a#i#f#i1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ACTIVI/S1 ORGANIZ+ UND] ! NAME 0,9DIANS ( ,ALL ,NATIONS10 OCCUPI$ ! AB&ON$ ,ALCATRAZ ISL&1 CIT+ AN IGNOR$ ,U,S LAW GU>ANTEE+ ?AT 9DIG5\S PEOPLE HAD A RI<T TO OCCUPY ANY L& ! SETTL] NATION AB&ON$4 ,= SIX MON?S1 ! OCCUPATION NUMB]$ 9 ! HUNDR$S1 & ?\< MO/ LEFT BECAUSE ( A GOV]NM5T BLOCKADE1 ! OCCUPATION ULTIMATELY LA/$ = #ai MON?S1 REVITALIZ+ 9DIG5\S CULTURE & REJECT+ COLONIAL CONTROL4 ,DUR+ ! E>LY P]IOD1 ! ,9DIAN OCCUPI]S ORGANIZ$ A S*OOL ?AT TAU<T 9DIG5\S HI/ORY & CULTURE FROM !IR [N P]SPECTIVE1 )\T ! RACI/ PROPAG&A ?AT FILL$ ! TEXTBOOKS ( ! GOV]NM5T'S S*OOLS4 ,= ! DURATION ( !IR OCCUPATION1 !Y US$ $UCATION AS A MEANS ( CULTURAL R5EWAL1 :]EAS IT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 US$ AGA9/ !M TO DE/ROY !IR ID5TITY & CONSCRIPT ! SURVIVORS ( ! G5OCIDE 9TO ! CIVILIZATION ?AT HAD COLONIZ$ !M4 

,:AT AB\T TE*NOLOGY8 

,MANY PEOPLE WORRY ?AT ! COMPLEXITY ( MOD]N DAY TE*NOLOGY & ! HI< LEVEL 9TEGRATION ( 9FRA/RUCTURE & PRODUCTION 9 PRES5T DAY SOCIETY MAKES AN>*Y A DREAM ( ! PA/4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS WORRY IS NOT AT ALL UNF\ND$4 ,IT IS NOT SO MU* ! COMPLEXITY ( ! TE*NOLOGY1 H[EV]1 ?AT IS ODDS ) ! CREATION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 SO MU* AS ! FACT ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS NOT A NEUTRAL ?+4 ,AS ,URI ,GORDON EXP]TLY SUMM$ IT UP1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY REFLECTS ! 9T]E/S & NE$S ( RUL+ MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 & TE*NOLOGY RE%APES ! PHYSICAL WORLD 9 A WAY ?AT RE9=CES AU?ORITY & DISC\RAGES REBELLION4.<#d#d.> ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! NUCLE> >MS & 5]GY 9FRA/RUCTURE CREATES A NE$ = A C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$1 HI< SECURITY MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION & DISA/] MANAGEM5T AG5CIES ) EM]G5CY P[]S & ! ABILITY TO SUSP5D CON/ITUTIONAL RI<TS2 ?AT 9T]/ATE HI<WAYS ALL[ ! RAPID DOME/IC DEPLOYM5T ( ! MILIT>Y1 5C\RAGE ! TRANSCONT95TAL %IPP+ ( GOODS & PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION VIA P]SONAL AUTOMOBILES2 ?AT NEW FACTORIES DEM& UNSKILL$1 REPLACEABLE LABOR]S :O C\LDN'T POSSIBLY HOLD ! JOB UNTIL RETIREM5T1 ASSUM+ ! BOSS EV5 WANT$ TO GIVE RETIREM5T B5EFITS1 BECAUSE )9 A FEW YE>S OCCUPATIONAL 9JURIES FROM REPETITIVE TASKS OR ! UNSAFE PACE ( ! PRODUCTION L9E WILL R5D] !M UNABLE TO CONT9UE4 

,! SUBSIDIES & 9FRA/RUCTURE PROVID$ BY GOV]NM5T T5D TO GO T[>DS 9V5TIONS ?AT 9CREASE /ATE P[]1 (T5 TO EV]YONE ELSE'S MIS=TUNE3 JET FI<T]S1 SURVEILLANCE SY/EMS1 PYRAMID-BUILD+4 ,EV5 ! MO/ B5EVOL5T =MS ( GOV]NM5T SUPPORT = 9V5TION1 SU* AS GOV]NM5T SUBSIDIES TO M$ICAL RESE>*1 AT BE/ GO TO 9V5T+ TREATM5TS ?AT >E PAT5T$ BY CORPORATIONS ) NO SCRUPLES AB\T LETT+ PEOPLE DIE IF !Y CANNOT AF=D !M -- JU/ AS !Y HAVE NO SCRUPLES OV] TORTUR+ & KILL+ ?\S&S ( ANIMALS 9 ! TE/+ PHASE4 

,! DEM&S ( FRE$OM CONFRONT US ) A MU* HEAVI] *OICE ?AN SIMPLY *ANG+ \R DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURES4 ,WE WILL HAVE TO PHYSICALLY DISASSEMBLE MU* ( ! WORLD WE LIVE 9 & BUILD IT ANEW4 ,FRE$OM1 AS WELL AS ! ECOLOGICAL BALANCE ( ! PLANET & ?US \R V]Y SURVIVAL1 IS 9COMPATIBLE ) NUCLE> 5]GY1 RELIANCE ON FOSSIL FUELS SU* AS OIL & COAL1 & A C> CULTURE :I* E/RANGES PUBLIC SPACE & FO/]S A SY/EM ( EX*ANGE :]E MO/ GOODS >E NOT PRODUC$ LOCALLY4 

,?IS TRANS=MATION WILL REQUIRE A GREAT DEAL ( 9V5TIV5ESS2 ?US ! RELEVANT QUE/ION BECOMES1 WILL AN AN>*I/ SOCIAL MOVEM5T & SOCIETY BE 9V5TIVE 5\< TO C>RY \T ?IS TRANS=MATION8 ,I ?9K ! ANSW] IS YES4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! MO/ USEFUL TOOLS 9 HUMAN HI/ORY W]E 9V5T$ BE=E GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM CAME AB\T4 

,CAPITALISM'S SO-CALL$ FREE M>KET IS SAID TO MOTIVATE 9NOVATION1 & M>KET COMPETITION DOES CONTRIBUTE TO ! PROLIF]ATION ( PR(ITABLE 9V5TIONS1 :I* >E NOT NECESS>ILY HELPFUL 9V5TIONS4 ,CAPITALI/ COMPETITION DICTATES ?AT EV]Y FEW YE>S ALL ! OLD GADGETS BECOME OBSOLETE AS NEW ONES >E 9V5T$1 SO PEOPLE HAVE TO ?R[ ! OLD ONES AWAY & BUY NEW ONES -- AT GREAT DETRIM5T TO ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS 0PLANN$ OBSOLESC5CE10 FEW 9V5TIONS T5D TO BE WELL MADE OR FULLY ?\<T-\T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 S9CE !Y'RE DE/9$ = ! TRA% FROM ! BEG9N+4 

,! DOCTR9E ( 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY PREV5TS ! SPREAD ( USEFUL TE*NOLOGIES1 ALL[+ !M TO BE CONTROLL$ OR )HELD ACCORD+ TO :AT IS MO/ PR(ITABLE4 ,APOLOGI/S = CAPITALISM TYPICALLY >GUE ?AT 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY 5C\RAGES ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY BECAUSE IT GIVES PEOPLE ! ASSURANCE1 AS 9C5TIVE1 ?AT !Y CAN PR(IT FROM !IR 9V5TION4 ,:AT K9D ( CRET9 W\LD 9V5T SOME?+ SOCIALLY USEFUL IF HE W\LDN'T GET EXCLUSIVE CR$IT = IT & PR(IT FROM IT8 ,BUT ! TE*NOLOGICAL MA9/AYS ( \R WORLD W]E DEVELOP$ BY GR\PS ( PEOPLE :O LET !IR 9V5TIONS SPREAD FREELY & DIDN'T TAKE CR$IT = !M -- EV]Y?+ FROM ! HAMM] TO /R+$ MUSICAL 9/RUM5TS TO DOME/ICAT$ GRA9S4 

,9 PRACTICE1 ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY ITSELF DISPROVES ! ASSUMPTIONS AB\T 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY FOM5T+ 9NOVATION4 ,JU/ LIKE ANY O!R K9D ( PROP]TY1 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY USUALLY DOES NOT BELONG TO ?OSE :O PRODUCE IT3 MANY 9V5TIONS >E MADE BY WAGE SLAVES 9 LABORATORIES :O GET NO CR$IT & NO PR(IT BECAUSE !IR CONTRACTS /IPULATE ?AT ! CORPORATION !Y WORK = RECEIVES [N]%IP ( ! PAT5TS4 

,! BE/ PEOPLE TO DEVELOP USEFUL 9NOVATIONS >E ! ONES :O NE$ !M1 & !Y DO NOT NE$ GOV]NM5T OR CAPITALISM TO HELP !M DO ?IS4 ,AN>*I/S !MSELVES HAVE A RI* HI/ORY ( 9V5T+ SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEMS !Y FACE4 ,! AN>*I/ BANK ROBB]S KN[N AS ! ,BONNOT GANG 9V5T$ ! GETAWAY C>4 ,MAKHNO1 ! ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/1 WAS ! FIR/ TO DEPLOY HI<LY MOBILE MA*9E GUNS -- HE M\NT$ !M ON TAT*ANKIS1 ! HORSE-DRAWN C>TS US$ BY ! PEASANTRY1 ) DEVA/AT+ EFFECT AGA9/ SUP]IOR FOES BOGG$ D[N 9 TRADITIONAL TACTICS4 ,9 REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA91 AFT] !Y HAD EXPROPRIAT$ ! BIG L&LORDS1 COLLECTIVIZ$ ! L&1 & FRE$ !MSELVES FROM ! NE$ TO PRODUCE A S+LE EXPORT CROP1 F>M]S IMPROV$ ! HEAL? ( ! SOIL & 9CREAS$ !IR SELF-SUFFICI5CY BY 9T]CROPP+ -- SPECIFICALLY1 GR[+ %ADE-TOL]ANT CROPS B5EA? ! ORANGE TREES4 ,! ,PEASANT ,F$]ATION ( ! ,LEVANT1 9 ,SPA91 SET UP AN AGRICULTURAL UNIV]SITY1 & O!R AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES F\ND$ A C5T] = ! /UDY ( PLANT DISEASES & TREE CULTURE4 

,9 ! HI<L&S ( ,NEW ,GU9EA1 MILLIONS ( F>M]S LIVE AT HI< POPULATION D5SITIES 9 /EEP M\NTA9 VALLEYS2 !IR COMMUNITIES >E /ATELESS1 CONS5SUS-BAS$1 &1 UNTIL RELATIVELY REC5TLY1 COMPLETELY UNCONTACT$ BY ! ,WE/4 ,?\< !Y APPE>$ AS ,/ONE ,AGE PRIMITIVES TO RACI/ ,EUROPEANS1 !Y HAVE DEVELOP$ ONE ( ! MO/ COMPLEX AGRICULTURAL SY/EMS 9 ! WORLD4 ,!IR TE*NIQUES >E SO PRECISE & NUM]\S ?AT !Y TAKE YE>S TO LE>N4 ,SELF-IMPORTANT ,WE/]N SCI5TI/S /ILL DO NOT KN[ ! REASONS = MANY ( !SE TE*NIQUES1 :I* !Y MI<T DISMISS AS SUP]/ITION W]E !Y NOT PROV5 TO WORK4 ,= ! PA/ #g1 YE>S1 ! HI<L&]S HAVE PRACTIC$ A DYNAMIC =M ( SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE 9 RESPONSE TO IMPACTS ON !IR 5VIRONM5T ?AT MI<T HAVE CAUS$ LESS 9NOVATIVE SOCIETIES TO COLLAPSE4 ,!IR ME?ODS 9CLUDE COMPLEX =MS ( IRRIGATION1 SOIL RET5TION1 9T]CROPP+1 & MORE4 ,! HI<L&]S HAVE NO *IEFS1 & MAKE !IR DECISIONS 9 LONG1 COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS4 ,!Y HAVE DEVELOP$ ALL !IR TE*NIQUES )\T GOV]NM5T OR CAPITALISM1 VIA 9DIVIDUAL & GR\P 9NOVATIONS COMMUNICAT$ FREELY ?R\< A L>GE1 DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY4.<#d#e.> 

,MANY ,WE/]N]S MI<T SC(F AT ! ?\<T ?AT PEOPLE :O DO NOT USE METAL TOOLS C\LD PROVIDE A MODEL ( TE*NOLOGICAL SOPHI/ICATION4 ,!SE CYNICS1 H[EV]1 >E SIMPLY B5I<T$ BY ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN MY?OLOGY & SUP]/ITIONS4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS NOT BL9K+ LI<TS & :IRR+ GADGETS4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS ADAPTATION4 ,BY ADAPT+ A COMPLEX SET ( TE*NIQUES ?AT HAVE ALL[$ !M TO MEET ALL !IR NE$S )\T DE/ROY+ !IR 5VIRONM5T OV] #g1 YE>S1 ! ,NEW ,GU9EA F>M]S HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ SOME?+ ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION HAS NEV] EV5 APPROA*$4 

,/ILL1 !RE >E PL5TY ( AN>*I/IC EXAMPLES = ! IMPRESS$-BY-BL9K+-LI<TS CR[D4 ,CONSID] ! REC5T PROLIF]ATION ( 0,OP5 ,S\RCE0 TE*NOLOGY4 ,DEC5TRALIZ$ NETWORKS 9VOLV+ ?\S&S ( PEOPLE WORK+ OP5LY1 VOLUNT>ILY1 & COOP]ATIVELY HAVE CREAT$ SOME ( ! BETT] =MS ( ! COMPLICAT$ S(TW>E ON :I* ! ,9=MATION ,AGE ECONOMY DEP5DS4 ,! USUAL APPROA* ( MAJOR CORPORATIONS IS TO KEEP ! S\RCE1 OR CODE1 = !IR S(TW>E SECRET & PAT5T$1 BUT ,OP5 ,S\RCE S(TW>E CODE IS %>$1 SO ANYONE CAN REVIEW IT & IMPROVE IT4 ,AS A RESULT IT IS (T5 MU* BETT]1 & G5]ALLY EASI] TO FIX4 ,TRADITIONAL PAT5T$ S(TW>E IS MORE VULN]ABLE TO CRA%+ & TO VIRUSES1 BECAUSE A SMALL] POOL ( BRA9S >E ABLE TO *ECK = WEAKNESSES1 & V]Y FEW SPECIALI/S >E AVAILABLE TO FIX PROBLEMS4 ,?OSE TE*NICAL SUPPORT PEOPLE Y\ CALL ON ! PHONE :5 Y\R COMPUT] OP]AT+ SY/EM CRA%ES DON'T GET TO SEE ! CODE EI!R1 & BEYOND A LITTLE TR\BLE%OOT+ ALL !Y CAN DO IS DIRECT Y\ TO A CUMB]SOME 0PAT*10 OR ADVISE Y\ TO ]ASE Y\R H>D DRIVE & RE9/ALL ! OP]AT+ SY/EM4 ,US]S ( ,MICROS(T PRODUCTS1 = EXAMPLE1 >E NO D\BT FAMILI> ) !IR FREQU5T GLIT*ES1 & PRIVACY ADVOCATES ALSO W>N ( SPYW>E & ! COOP]ATION BETWE5 TE*NOLOGY CORPORATIONS & ! GOV]NM5T4 ,SAYS ONE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GEEK 9VOLV$ 9 ! CREATION ( ,OP5 ,S\RCE S(TW>E3 0,! BE/ ADV]TISEM5T = ,L9UX IS ,MICROS(T40 

,TRADITIONALLY1 MU* ,OP5 ,S\RCE S(TW>E HAS NOT BE5 ESPECIALLY US]-FRI5DLY1 ?\< G5]ALLY ?IS HAS TO DO ) ! FACT ?AT ,OP5 ,S\RCE RESIDES )91 ) ALL DUE RESPECT1 A GEEK SUBCULTURE1 & ITS TYPICAL US]S >E HI<LY COMPUT] LIT]ATE4 ,H[EV]1 ,OP5 ,S\RCE & P>TICIPATORY TE*NOLOGY >E /EADILY BECOM+ ACCESSIBLE TO AN EXT5T UNPREC$5T$ BY PROPRIET>Y S(TW>E4 ,WIKIP$IA EXEMPLIFIES ?IS4 ,/>T$ REC5TLY1 9 #b#a1 ON ,OP5 ,S\RCE ,L9UX S(TW>E1 ,WIKIP$IA IS ALREADY ! L>GE/ & MO/ ACCESS$ 5CYCLOP$IA 9 ! WORLD1 ) OV] #a MILLION >TICLES 9 MORE ?AN #be LANGUAGES4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ ! EXCLUSIVE DOMA9 ( PAID EXP]TS FROM A P>TICUL> ACADEMIC SUBCULTURE1 ,WIKIP$IA IS WRITT5 BY EV]YONE4 ,ANYONE CAN AU?OR AN >TICLE OR $IT AN EXI/+ >TICLE1 & BY ALL[+ ?IS OP5NESS & TRU/ IT PROVIDES A =UM = 9/ANTANE\S1 MULTIPLE-PE] REVIEW4 ,! 9T]E/S ( ! BROAD] ,WIKIP$IA COMMUNITY ( MILLIONS PROVIDE A SELF-REGULAT+ FUNCTION1 SO V&ALISM -- FALSE $IT+ & BOGUS >TICLES -- >E QUICKLY CLEAN$ UP1 & FACTS LACK+ CITATIONS >E *ALL5G$4 ,WIKIP$IA >TICLES AVAIL !MSELVES ( A VA/LY GREAT] BODY ( KN[L$GE ?AN ! SMALL & G5]ALLY ELITI/ CIRCLE REPRES5T$ BY ACADEMIA4 ,9 A BL9D1 PE]-REVIEW$ /UDY IT WAS JUDG$ TO BE AS ACCURATE AS ,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA4.<#d#f.> 

,WIKIP$IA IS 0SELF-ORGANIZ+0 & $IT$ BY AN OP5 BODY ( PE]-ELECT$ ADM9I/RATORS4.<#d#g.> ,!RE HAVE BE5 A FEW PUBLICIZ$ CASES ( 9T5TIONAL SABOTAGE1 SU* AS :5 ! TELEVIS$ NEWS COM$Y %[ ,! ,COLB]T ,REPORT REWROTE HI/ORY 9 ONE ,WIKIP$IA >TICLE AS A GAG = !IR %[2 BUT ! PRANK WAS QUICKLY FIX$1 AS MO/ FALSE 9=MATION ON ! SITE T5DS TO BE4 ,A MORE L+]+ PROBLEM IS POS$ BY CORPORATIONS :O USE ,WIKIP$IA = PUBLIC RELATIONS PURPOSES1 TASK+ PAID P]SONNEL TO MA9TA9 A CLEAN IMAGE 9 ! >TICLES AB\T !M4 ,H[EV]1 CONTRADICT+ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! FACTS CAN BE REGI/]$ 9 ! SAME >TICLE1 & ,WIKIP$IA CONTA9S MU* MORE 9=MATION ON CORPORATE MISDE$S ?AN ANY TRADITIONAL 5CYCLOP$IA4 

,H[ WILL EX*ANGE WORK8 

,!RE >E MANY DIFF]5T WAYS EX*ANGE C\LD WORK 9 A /ATELESS1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 DEP5D+ ON ! SIZE1 COMPLEXITY1 & PREF]5CES ( ! SOCIETY4 ,MANY ( !SE >E F> MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN CAPITALISM AT 5SUR+ A FAIR DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS & KEEP+ PEOPLE FROM TAK+ MORE ?AN !IR FAIR %>E4 ,CAPITALISM HAS CREAT$ A GREAT] 9EQUALITY 9 ACCESS TO RES\RCES ?AN ANY O!R ECONOMIC SY/EM 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,BUT ! PR9CIPLES ( CAPITALISM ?AT ECONOMI/S HAVE 9DOCTR9AT$ ! PUBLIC TO ACCEPT AS LAWS >E NOT UNIV]SAL4 

,MANY SOCIETIES HAVE TRADITIONALLY US$ GIFT ECONOMIES1 :I* CAN TAKE MANY DIFF]5T =MS4 ,9 SOCIETIES ) A MODE/ AM\NT ( SOCIAL /RATIFICATION1 ! WEAL?I] FAMILIES MA9TA9 !IR /ATUS BY GIV+ GIFTS1 HOLD+ LAVI% FEA/S1 & SPREAD+ !IR WEAL?2 9 SOME CASES1 !Y RISK ! WRA? ( ! O!RS IF !Y >E NOT G5]\S 5\<4 ,O!R GIFT ECONOMIES >E B>ELY OR NOT AT ALL /RATIFI$2 ! P>TICIPANTS SIMPLY DIS[N ! CONCEPT ( PROP]TY & GIVE & TAKE SOCIAL WEAL? FREELY4 ,9 HIS DI>Y1 ,COLUMBUS REM>K$ ) AMAZEM5T ?AT ! FIR/ 9DIG5\S PEOPLE HE 5C\NT]$ 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN HAD NO S5SE ( PROP]TY1 & GAVE WILL+LY ( ALL !Y HAD2 9DE$1 !Y CAME BE>+ GIFTS TO GREET !IR /RANGE VISITORS4 ,9 SU* A SOCIETY1 NO ONE C\LD BE POOR4 ,N[1 AFT] HUNDR$S ( YE>S ( G5OCIDE & CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 MANY P>TS ( ! ,AM]ICAS HAVE SOME ( ! />KE/ WEAL? GAPS 9 ! WORLD4 

,9 ,>G5T9A1 POOR PEOPLE 9ITIAT$ A MASSIVE B>T] NETWORK ?AT GREW 5ORM\SLY AFT] ! ECONOMIC COLLAPSE 9 #ba R5D]$ CAPITALI/ =MS ( EX*ANGE UNWORKABLE4 ,! B>T] SY/EM EVOLV$ FROM SIMPLE SWAP MEETS 9TO A HUGE NETWORK 9VOLV+ AN E/IMAT$ ?REE MILLION MEMB]S TRAD+ GOODS & S]VICES -- EV]Y?+ FROM HOMEMADE CRAFTS1 FOOD1 & CLO?+ TO LANGUAGE LESSONS4 ,EV5 DOCTORS1 MANUFACTUR]S1 & SOME RAILWAYS P>TICIPAT$4 ,AN E/IMAT$ T5 MILLION PEOPLE W]E SUPPORT$ BY ! B>T] NETWORK AT ITS PEAK4 

,! B>T] CLUB FACILITAT$ EX*ANGE BY DEVELOP+ A CR$IT_/CURR5CY SY/EM4 ,AS ! NETWORK GREW1 & ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS DEEP5$1 ! NETWORK WAS BESET BY A NUMB] ( PROBLEMS1 9CLUD+ PEOPLE -- (T5 FROM \TSIDE ! NETWORK -- /EAL+ OR =G+ ! CURR5CY4 ,SEV]AL YE>S LAT]1 AFT] ! ECONOMY /ABILIZ$ UND] ,PRESID5T ,KIR*N]1 ! B>T] CLUB %RANK1 BUT /ILL RETA9$ A HUGE MEMB]%IP CONSID]+ IT WAS AN ALT]NATIVE ECONOMY 9 ! C\NTRY ?AT WAS ONCE A MODEL = NEOLIB]AL CAPITALISM4 ,RA!R ?AN GIV+ UP1 REMA9+ MEMB]S DEVELOP$ A NUMB] ( SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEMS !Y HAD 5C\NT]$1 SU* AS LIMIT+ MEMB]%IP TO PRODUC]S SO ! NETWORK IS ONLY US$ BY ?OSE :O CONTRIBUTE TO IT4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/S 9 ! ,U,S & ,EUROPE >E EXP]IM5T+ ) O!R =MS ( DI/RIBUTION ?AT TRANSC5D EX*ANGE4 ,ONE POPUL> AN>*I/ PROJECT IS ! 0FREE /ORE0 OR 0GIVE-AWAY %OP40 ,FREE /ORES S]VE AS A COLLECTION PO9T = DONAT$ OR SCAV5G$ ITEMS ?AT PEOPLE NO LONG] NE$1 9CLUD+ CLO!S1 FOOD1 FURNITURE1 BOOKS1 MUSIC1 EV5 ! OCCASIONAL REFRIG]ATOR1 TELEVISION1 OR C>4 ,PATRONS >E FREE TO BR[SE ?R\< ! /ORE & TAKE :ATEV] !Y NE$4 ,MANY ACCU/OM$ TO A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY :O COME 9TO A FREE /ORE >E P]PLEX$ BY H[ IT C\LD POSSIBLY WORK4 ,HAV+ BE5 RAIS$ ) A SC>CITY M5TALITY1 !Y ASSUME ?AT S9CE PEOPLE PR(IT BY TAK+ /UFF & DO NOT PR(IT BY DONAT+1 A FREE /ORE W\LD QUICKLY EMPTY \T4 ,H[EV] ?IS IS R>ELY ! CASE4 ,C\NTLESS FREE /ORES OP]ATE SU/A9ABLY1 & MO/ >E OV]FL[+ ) GOODS4 ,FROM ,H>RISONBURG1 ,VIRG9IA1 TO ,B>CELONA1 ,CATALUNYA1 HUNDR$S ( FREE /ORES DEFY CAPITALI/ LOGIC ON A DAILY BASIS4 ,! ,WEGGEEFW9KEL1 ,GIVEAWAY ,%OP1 9 ,GRON+51 ,NE!RL&S1 HAS OP]AT$ \T ( SQUATT$ BUILD+S = OV] ?REE YE>S1 OP5+ TWICE A WEEK TO GIVE AWAY FREE CLO!S1 BOOKS1 FURNITURE1 & O!R ITEMS4 ,O!R FREE /ORES HOLD FUNDRAIS]S IF !Y HAVE TO PAY R5T1 :I* W\LD NOT BE AN ISSUE 9 A COMPLETELY AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,FREE /ORES >E AN IMPORTANT RES\RCE = IMPOV]I%$ PEOPLE1 :O EI!R >E D5I$ A JOB BY ! :IMS ( ! FREE M>KET OR :O WORK A JOB1 OR TWO OR ?REE1 & /ILL CAN'T AF=D CLO!S = !IR KIDS4 

,A MORE HI<-TE* EXAMPLE ( FREE EX*ANGE IS ! RELATIVELY MA9/REAM & WILDLY SUCCESSFUL ,FREECYCLE ,NETWORK4 ,FREECYCLE IS A GLOBAL NETWORK ORIG9ALLY =M$ BY AN 5VIRONM5TAL NONPR(IT GR\P TO PROMOTE GIV+ AWAY ITEMS ?AT MI<T O!RWISE 5D UP 9 ! TRA%4 ,AS ( ?IS WRIT+ !Y HAVE OV] #d MILLION MEMB]S GR\P$ 9TO #db LOCAL *APT]S1 SPREAD ?R\< #e C\NTRIES4 ,US+ A WEBSITE TO PO/ ITEMS WANT$ OR ITEMS AVAILABLE TO GIVE AWAY1 PEOPLE HAVE CIRCULAT$ PRODIGI\S QUANTITIES ( CLO?+1 FURNITURE1 TOYS1 >TWORK1 TOOLS1 BICYCLES1 C>S1 & C\NTLESS O!R GOODS4 ,ONE ( ! RULES ( ,FREECYCLE IS ?AT EV]Y?+ HAS TO BE FREE1 NEI!R B>T]$ NOR SOLD4 ,FREECYCLE IS NOT A C5TRALLY CONTROLL$ ORGANIZATION2 LOCAL *APT]S SET !MSELVES UP BAS$ ON ! COMMON MODEL1 & USE ! WEBSITE ON :I* ! MODEL IS BAS$4 

,H[EV]1 AS IT DOES COME FROM A LIB]AL NONPR(IT GR\P )\T REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS NOR ANY CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE1 WE CAN EXPECT ,FREECYCLE TO HAVE SOME PROBLEMS4 ,9 FACT1 ! ORGANIZATION ACCEPTS CORPORATE SPONSOR%IP FROM A MAJOR RECYCL+ COMPANY & ADV]TISES ON ITS WEBSITE1 & ! *AIRP]SON HAS >GUABLY SL[$ ! SPREAD ( ! ,FREECYCLE IDEA BY ATTACK+ V>I\S MEMB] GR\PS OR COPYCAT WEBSITES ) LAWSUITS1 OR ?REATS !RE(1 = TRADEM>K 9FR+EM5T2 ALSO BY COLLABORAT+ ) ! NOTORI\SLY AU?ORIT>IAN ,YAHOO6 ,GR\PS TO %UT D[N LOCAL *APT]S = NOT ADH]+ TO ORGANIZATIONAL RULES CONC]N+ LOGO & LANGUAGE4 ,NATURALLY1 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY !RE W\LD BE NO LAWSUITS = TRADEM>K 9FR+EM5T & ONE *AIRP]SON W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO TYRANNIZE A NETWORK ?AT WAS MA9TA9$ BY MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ,FREECYCLE DEMON/RATES ?AT GIFT ECONOMIES CAN FUNCTION EV5 )9 JAD$1 9DIVIDUALI/IC ,WE/]N SOCIETIES1 & CAN TAKE NEW =MS ) ! HELP ( ! 9T]NET4 

,:AT AB\T PEOPLE :O DON'T WANT TO GIVE UP A CONSUM]I/ LIFE/YLE8 

,?\< AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION W\LD CREATE NEW SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & VALUES1 AS WELL AS FREE PEOPLE'S DESIRES FROM ! CONTROL ( ADV]TIS+1 SOME PEOPLE W\LD PROBABLY /ILL WANT TO MA9TA9 A CONSUM]I/ LIFE/YLE -- DEM&+ ! ELECTRONIC 5T]TA9M5T1 EXOTIC IMPORT$ FOODS1 & O!R LUXURIES ?AT 7NEO7COLONIALISM CURR5TLY AF=DS !M4 ,BY R\T9IZ+ ! ACT ( GO+ TO A %OP1 TAK+ \T Y\R WALLET1 & BUY+ A MAHOGANY DRESS] OR A B> ( *OCOLATE1 CAPITALISM CREATES ! ILLUSION ?AT HUMAN BE+S NATURALLY POSSESS ! ABILITY TO PROCURE LUXURY GOODS ?AT 9 ACTUALITY >E PRODUC$ BY SLAVES ON ANO!R CONT95T4 ,IT TAKES A MASSIVE 9FRA/RUCTURE & MULTIPLE 9/ITUTIONS ( GOV]NM5T & COLONIALISM TO AF=D ?IS PRIVILEGE TO A SELECT FEW4 ,AFT] AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 ! SLAVE LABOR CAMPS ?AT CURR5TLY PRODUCE MU* ( ! WORLD'S *OCOLATE & TROPICAL H>DWOODS W\LD NO LONG] EXI/4 

,IF A P]SON OR A GR\P ( LIKE-M9D$ PEOPLE WANT$ TO SURR\ND !MSELVES ) ! CONSUM] GOODS !Y /ILL CRAV$1 !Y W\LD BE P]FECTLY FREE TO DO SO2 H[EV]1 )\T A POLICE =CE TO MAKE O!RS BE> ! ECOLOGICAL & LABOR CO/S ( !IR LIFE/YLE1 !Y W\LD BE ! ONES :O W\LD HAVE TO PROCURE ! RES\RCES1 PRODUCE ! GOODS1 & REM$IATE ANY POLLUTION4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y C\LD MAKE ! PROCESS MORE EFFICI5T BY SPECIALIZ+ 9 ONE CONSUM] GOOD3 = EXAMPLE1 A UNION ( *OCOHOLICS C\LD PRODUCE ECO-FRI5DLY *OCOLATE -- ?US NOT DAMAG+ ! ECOLOGICAL COMMONS ON :I* ! RE/ ( !IR SOCIETY DEP5DS -- & B>T] (F SOME ( ?AT *OCOLATE =1 SAY1 VIDEO-5T]TA9M5T EQUIPM5T PRODUC$ BY A UNION ( ,T,V ADDICTS4 ,:Y NOT8 ,ULTIMATELY1 H[EV]1 ALL ?AT WORK & P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY MI<T NOT ME% ) ! CONSUM]I/ M5TALITY2 ! 5D RESULT W\LD BE A UNION ( PRODUC]S4 ,:5 PEOPLE HAVE TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = ALL ! CO/S ( !IR [N ACTIONS1 IT REMOVES ! PA?OLOGICAL 9SULATION FROM CONSEQU5CES :I* LIES AT ! ROOT ( B\RGEOIS :IMS4 ,! RESULT IS C>EFULLY WEI<$1 MATURE DESIRES4 

,9 AN>*I/ REVOLUTIONS & /ATELESS1 NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 PEOPLE US$ :AT !Y C\LD MAKE !MSELVES OR TRADE = FROM NEI<BOR+ SOCIETIES4 ,9 ! ,>G5T9A FACTORY TAKEOV]S1 V>I\S OCCUPI$ FACTORIES BEGAN TRAD+ !IR PRODUCTS ) ONE ANO!R1 ALL[+ ! WORK]S ACCESS TO A V>IETY ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS4 ,9 MANY ( ! COLLECTIVES ( ! #aicf ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 COMMUNITIES DECID$ TOGE!R H[ MU* & :AT K9DS ( CONSUMPTION !Y C\LD COLLECTIVELY AF=D1 BY REPLAC+ WAGES ) C\PONS R$EEMABLE = GOODS AT ! COMMUNAL DEPOT4 ,EV]YONE HAD A VOICE 9 DET]M9+ H[ MANY C\PONS ( V>I\S TYPES A P]SON C\LD GET1 & NATURALLY !Y W]E FREE TO TRADE !IR C\PONS ) O!RS1 SO SOMEONE :O PREF]R$ MORE ( ONE ?+1 SAY1 CLO?1 C\LD GET MORE BY TRAD+ ! C\PONS = SOME?+ !Y DIDN'T M9D MISS+1 LIKE EGGS4 ,?US !RE IS NO IMPOSITION ( SP>TAN UNI=MITY1 AS 9 SOME COMMUNI/ /ATES2 PEOPLE >E FREE TO PURSUE ! LIFE/YLE !Y WANT1 BUT ONLY IF !Y CAN P]SONALLY BE> ! CO/S ( IT4 ,!Y >E NOT ABLE TO EXPLOIT O!R PEOPLE1 ROB !IR RES\RCES1 OR POISON !IR L& TO GET IT4 

,:AT AB\T BUILD+ & ORGANIZ+ L>GE1 SPREAD-\T 9FRA/RUCTURE8 

,MANY ,WE/]N HI/ORY BOOKS ASS]T ?AT C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T >OSE \T ( ! NE$ TO BUILD & MA9TA9 L>GE 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS1 ESPECIALLY IRRIGATION4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS ASS]TION IS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT SOCIETIES NE$ TO GR[1 & ?AT !Y CANNOT *OOSE TO LIMIT !IR SCALE TO AVOID C5TRALIZATION -- AN ASSUMPTION ?AT HAS BE5 DISCR$IT$ MANY TIMES OV]4 ,& :ILE L>GE-SCALE IRRIGATION PROJECTS DO REQUIRE SOME AM\NT ( COORD9ATION1 C5TRALIZATION IS ONLY ONE =M ( COORD9ATION4 

,9 ,9DIA & ,EA/ ,AFRICA1 LOCAL SOCIETIES BUILT MASSIVE IRRIGATION NETWORKS ?AT W]E MANAG$ )\T GOV]NM5T OR C5TRALIZATION4 ,9 ! ,TAITA ,HILLS REGION ( :AT IS N[ ,K5YA1 PEOPLE CREAT$ COMPLEX IRRIGATION SY/EMS ?AT LA/$ HUNDR$S ( YE>S1 (T5 UNTIL COLONIAL AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 5D$ !M4 ,H\SEHOLDS %>$ DAY-TO-DAY MA9T5ANCE1 EA* RESPONSIBLE = ! CLOSE/ SECTION ( ! IRRIGATION 9FRA/RUCTURE1 :I* WAS COMMON PROP]TY4 ,ANO!R CU/OM BR\<T PEOPLE TOGE!R P]IODICALLY = MAJOR REPAIRS3 KN[N AS 0H>AMBEE LABOR10 IT WAS A =M ( COLLECTIVE1 SOCIALLY MOTIVAT$ WORK1 SIMIL> TO TRADITIONS 9 MANY O!R DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETIES4 ,! PEOPLE ( ! ,TAITA ,HILLS 5SUR$ FAIR USE ?R\< A NUMB] ( SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS PASS$ ON BY TRADITION1 :I* DET]M9$ H[ MU* WAT] EA* H\SEHOLD C\LD TAKE2 ?OSE :O VIOLAT$ !SE PRACTICES FAC$ SANCTIONS FROM ! RE/ ( ! COMMUNITY4 

,:5 ! ,BRITI% COLONIZ$ ! REGION1 !Y ASSUM$ !Y KNEW BETT] ?AN ! LOCALS & SET UP A NEW IRRIGATION SY/EM -- GE>$1 ( C\RSE1 TO CA% CROP PRODUCTION -- BAS$ ON !IR 5G9E]+ EXP]TIZE & ME*ANICAL P[]4 ,DUR+ ! DR\<T ( ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,BRITI% SY/EM FAIL$ SPECTACUL>LY & MANY LOCALS RETURN$ TO ! 9DIG5\S IRRIGATION SY/EM TO FE$ !MSELVES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE E?NOLOGI/1 0,EA/ ,AFRICAN IRRIGATION WORKS SEEM TO HAVE BE5 MORE EXT5SIVE & BETT] MANAG$ DUR+ ! PRECOLONIAL ]A40.<#d#h.> 

,DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 WORK]S 9 OCCUPI$ FACTORIES COORD9AT$ AN 5TIRE W>TIME ECONOMY4 ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAD BE5 9/RUM5TAL 9 BR++ AB\T ! REVOLUTION1 NAMELY ! ,C,N,T LABOR UNION1 (T5 PROVID$ ! F\NDATIONS = ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ! 9DU/RIAL CITY ( ,B>CELONA1 ! ,C,N,T L5T ! /RUCTURE = RUNN+ A WORK]-CONTROLL$ ECONOMY -- A TASK = :I* IT HAD BE5 PREP>+ YE>S 9 ADVANCE4 ,EA* FACTORY ORGANIZ$ ITSELF ) ITS [N *OS5 TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE WORK]S2 FACTORIES 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY 9 EV]Y LOCALITY ORGANIZ$ 9TO ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( !IR P>TICUL> 9DU/RY2 ALL ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS ( A LOCALITY ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO A ,LOCAL ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL 09 :I* ALL ! C5T]S ( PRODUCTION & S]VICES W]E REPRES5T$02 & ! LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS & ,C\NCILS ORGANIZ$ 9TO P>ALLEL ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATIONS ( ,9DU/RY & ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMIC ,F$]ATIONS4.<#d#i.> 

,! ,B>CELONA CONGRESS ( ALL ,CATALAN COLLECTIVES1 ON ,AUGU/ #b#h1 #a#i#c#g1 PROVIDES AN EXAMPLE ( !IR COORD9AT+ ACTIVITIES & DECISIONS4 ,! COLLECTIVIZ$ %OE FACTORIES NE$$ #b MILLION PESETAS CR$IT4 ,BECAUSE ( A %ORTAGE ( LEA!R1 !Y HAD TO CUT D[N ON H\RS1 ?\< !Y /ILL PAID ALL !IR WORK]S FULL TIME SAL>IES4 ,! ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL /UDI$ ! SITUATION1 & REPORT$ ?AT !RE WAS NO SURPLUS ( %OES4 ,! CONGRESS AGRE$ TO GRANT CR$IT TO PUR*ASE LEA!R & TO MOD]NIZE ! FACTORIES 9 ORD] TO L[] ! PRICES ( ! %OES4 ,LAT]1 ! ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL \TL9$ PLANS TO BUILD AN ALUM9UM FACTORY1 :I* WAS NECESS>Y = ! W> EF=T4 ,!Y HAD LOCAT$ AVAILABLE MAT]IALS1 SECUR$ ! COOP]ATION ( *EMI/S1 5G9E]S1 & TE*NICIANS1 & DECID$ TO RAISE ! MONEY ?R\< ! COLLECTIVES4 ,! CONGRESS ALSO DECID$ TO MITIGATE URBAN UNEMPLOYM5T BY WORK+ \T A PLAN ) AGRICULTURAL WORK]S TO BR+ NEW >EAS 9TO CULTIVATION ) ! HELP ( UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S FROM ! CITIES4 

,9 ,VAL5CIA1 ! ,C,N,T ORGANIZ$ ! ORANGE 9DU/RY1 ) #bg COMMITTEES 9 DIFF]5T T[NS & VILLAGES = GR[+1 PUR*AS+1 PACK+1 & EXPORT+2 9 ! PROCESS1 !Y GOT RID ( SEV]AL ?\S& MIDDLEM54 ,9 ,L>$O1 ! FI%+ 9DU/RY WAS COLLECTIVIZ$ -- WORK]S EXPROPRIAT$ ! %IPS1 CUT \T ! MIDDLEM5 :O TOOK ALL ! PR(IT1 & US$ ?OSE PR(ITS TO IMPROVE ! %IPS & O!R EQUIPM5T OR TO PAY !MSELVES4 ,CATALUNYA'S TEXTILE 9DU/RY EMPLOY$ #b#e1 WORK]S 9 SCORES ( FACTORIES4 ,DUR+ COLLECTIVIZATION1 !Y GOT RID ( HI<-PAID DIRECTORS1 9CREAS$ !IR WAGES BY #a#e.01 R$UC$ !IR H\RS FROM #f TO #d H\RS P] WEEK1 B\<T NEW MA*9]Y1 & ELECT$ MANAGEM5T COMMITTEES4 

,9 ,CATALUNYA1 LIB]T>IAN WORK]S %[$ IMPRESSIVE RESULTS 9 MA9TA9+ ! COMPLEX 9FRA/RUCTURE ( ! 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY !Y HAD TAK5 OV]4 ,! WORK]S :O HAD ALWAYS BE5 RESPONSIBLE = !SE JOBS PROV$ !MSELVES CAPABLE ( C>RY+ ON & EV5 IMPROV+ !IR WORK 9 ! ABS5CE ( BOSSES4 0,)\T WAIT+ = ORD]S FROM ANYONE1 ! WORK]S RE/OR$ NORMAL TELEPHONE S]VICE )9 ?REE DAYS .<AFT] HEAVY /REET FI<T+ 5D$.>444 ,ONCE ?IS CRUCIAL EM]G5CY WORK WAS F9I%$ A G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+ ( TELEPHONE WORK]S DECID$ TO COLLECTIVIZE ! TELEPHONE SY/EM40.<#e.> ,! WORK]S VOT$ TO RAISE ! SAL>IES ( ! L[E/ PAID MEMB]S4 ,! GAS1 WAT]1 & ELECTRICITY S]VICES W]E ALSO COLLECTIVIZ$4 ,! COLLECTIVE MANAG+ WAT] L[]$ RATES BY #e.0 & WAS /ILL ABLE TO CONTRIBUTE L>GE AM\NTS ( MONEY TO ! ANTI-FASCI/ MILITIA COMMITTEE4 ,! RAILWAY WORK]S COLLECTIVIZ$ ! RAILROADS1 & :]E TE*NICIANS 9 ! RAILROADS HAD FL$1 EXP]I5C$ WORK]S W]E *OS5 AS REPLACEM5TS4 ,! REPLACEM5TS PROV$ ADEQUATE DESPITE !IR LACK ( =MAL S*OOL+1 BECAUSE !Y HAD LE>N$ ?R\< ! EXP]I5CE ( WORK+ TOGE!R ) ! TE*NICIANS TO MA9TA9 ! L9ES4 

,MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION WORK]S 9 ,B>CELONA -- #f1#e \T ( #g1 ( :OM W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T -- SAV$ CONSID]ABLE MONEY BY KICK+ \T ! OV]PAID DIRECTORS & O!R UNNECESS>Y MANAG]S4 ,!Y !N R$UC$ !IR H\RS TO #d P] WEEK1 RAIS$ !IR WAGES BETWE5 #f.0 7= ! L[E/ 9COME BRACKET7 & #a.0 7= ! HI<E/ 9COME BRACKET71 & HELP$ \T ! 5TIRE POPULATION BY L[]+ F>ES & GIV+ FREE RIDES TO S*OOL*ILDR5 & W\ND$ MILITIA MEMB]S4 ,!Y REPAIR$ DAMAG$ EQUIPM5T & /REETS1 CLE>$ B>RICADES1 GOT ! TRANSPORTATION SY/EM RUNN+ AGA9 JU/ FIVE DAYS AFT] FI<T+ CEAS$ 9 ,B>CELONA1 & DEPLOY$ A FLEET ( #g TROLLEYS -- UP FROM ! #f ON ! /REETS BE=E ! REVOLUTION -- REPA9T$ R$ & BLACK4 ,AS = !IR ORGANIZATION3 

! V>I\S TRADES COORD9AT$ & ORGANIZ$ !IR WORK 9TO ONE 9DU/RIAL UNION ( ALL ! TRANSPORT WORK]S4 ,EA* SECTION WAS ADM9I/]$ BY AN 5G9E] DESIGNAT$ BY ! UNION & A WORK] DELEGAT$ BY ! G5]AL MEMB]%IP4 ,! DELEGATIONS ( ! V>I\S SECTIONS COORD9AT$ OP]ATIONS 9 A GIV5 >EA4 ,:ILE ! SECTIONS MET SEP>ATELY TO CONDUCT !IR [N SPECIFIC OP]ATIONS1 DECISIONS AFFECT+ ! WORK]S 9 G5]AL W]E MADE AT G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S4 

,! 5G9E]S & TE*NICIANS1 RA!R ?AN COMPRIS+ AN ELITE GR\P1 W]E 9TEGRAT$ ) ! MANUAL WORK]S4 0,! 5G9E]1 = EXAMPLE1 C\LD NOT UND]TAKE AN IMPORTANT PROJECT )\T CONSULT+ ! O!R WORK]S1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE RESPONSIBILITIES W]E TO BE %>$ BUT ALSO BECAUSE 9 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ! MANUAL WORK]S ACQUIR$ PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE :I* TE*NICIANS (T5 LACK$40 ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 9 ,B>CELONA A*IEV$ GREAT] SELF-SUFFICI5CY TOO3 BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 #b.0 ( MA9T5ANCE SUPPLIES W]E MADE BY ! PRIVATE COMPANY1 & ! RE/ HAD TO BE PUR*AS$ OR IMPORT$4 ,)9 A YE> AFT] SOCIALIZATION1 #i#h.0 ( REPAIR SUPPLIES W]E MADE 9 SOCIALIZ$ %OPS4 0,! UNION ALSO PROVID$ FREE M$ICAL S]VICES1 9CLUD+ CL9ICS & HOME NURS+ C>E1 = ! WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES40.<#e#a.> 

,= BETT] OR WORSE1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES ALSO EXP]IM5T$ ) ,PEASANT ,BANKS1 ,LABOR ,BANKS1 & ,C\NCILS ( ,CR$IT & ,EX*ANGE4 ,! ,LEVANT ,F$]ATION ( ,PEASANT ,COLLECTIVES />T$ A BANK ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,BANK ,WORK]S ,UNION TO HELP F>M]S DRAW FROM A BROAD POOL ( SOCIAL RES\RCES NE$$ = C]TA9 9FRA/RUCTURE- OR RES\RCE-9T5SIVE TYPES ( F>M+4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,BANK ( ,B>CELONA MOV$ CR$IT FROM MORE PROSP]\S COLLECTIVES TO SOCIALLY USEFUL COLLECTIVES 9 NE$4 ,CA% TRANSACTIONS W]E KEPT TO A M9IMUM1 & CR$IT WAS TRANSF]R$ AS CR$IT4 ,! ,LABOR ,BANK ALSO >RANG$ =EIGN EX*ANGE1 & IMPORTATION & PUR*ASE ( RAW MAT]IALS4 ,:]E POSSIBLE1 PAYM5T WAS MADE 9 COMMODITIES1 NOT 9 CA%4 ,! BANK WAS NOT A =-PR(IT 5T]PRISE2 IT *>G$ ONLY #a.0 9T]E/ TO DEFRAY EXP5SES4 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ! AN>*I/ ECONOMI/1 SAID 9 #a#i#c#f3 0,CR$IT WILL BE A SOCIAL FUNCTION & NOT A PRIVATE SPECULATION OR USURY444 ,CR$IT WILL BE BAS$ ON ! ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES ( SOCIETY & NOT ON 9T]E/S OR PR(IT444 ,! ,C\NCIL ( ,CR$IT & ,EX*ANGE WILL BE LIKE A !RMOMET] ( ! PRODUCTS & NE$S ( ! C\NTRY40.<#e#b.> ,9 ?IS EXP]IM5T1 MONEY FUNCTION$ AS A SYMBOL ( SOCIAL SUPPORT & NOT AS A SYMBOL ( [N]%IP -- IT SIGNIFI$ RES\RCES BE+ TRANSF]R$ BETWE5 UNIONS ( PRODUC]S RA!R ?AN 9VE/M5TS BY SPECULATORS4 ,)9 A COMPLEX 9DU/RIAL ECONOMY SU* BANKS MAKE EX*ANGE & PRODUCTION MORE EFFICI5T1 ?\< !Y ALSO PRES5T ! RISK ( C5TRALIZATION OR ! REEM]G5CE ( CAPITAL AS A SOCIAL =CE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 EFFICI5T PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE AS A VALUE %\LD BE VIEW$ ) SUSPICION1 AT ! LEA/1 BY PEOPLE 9T]E/$ 9 LIB]ATION4 

,!RE >E A NUMB] ( ME?ODS ?AT C\LD PREV5T 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS LABOR BANKS FROM FACILITAT+ ! RETURN ( CAPITALISM1 ?\< UN=TUNATELY ! ONSLAU<T ( TOTALIT>IANISM FROM BO? ! FASCI/S & ,COMMUNI/S DEPRIV$ ,SPANI% AN>*I/S ( ! *ANCE TO DEVELOP !M4 ,!SE MI<T 9CLUDE ROTAT+ & MIX+ TASKS TO PREV5T ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW MANAG+ CLASS1 DEVELOP+ FRAGM5T$ /RUCTURES ?AT CANNOT BE CONTROLL$ AT A C5TRAL OR NATIONAL LEVEL1 PROMOT+ AS MU* DEC5TRALIZATION & SIMPLICITY AS POSSIBLE1 & MA9TA9+ A FIRM TRADITION ?AT COMMON RES\RCES & 9/RUM5TS ( SOCIAL WEAL? >E NEV] = SALE4 

,BUT AS LONG AS MONEY IS A C5TRAL FACT ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 MYRIAD HUMAN ACTIVITIES >E R$UC$ TO QUANTITATIVE VALUES & VALUE CAN BE MASS$ AS P[]1 & ?US ALI5AT$ FROM ! ACTIVITY ?AT CREAT$ IT3 9 O!R WORDS1 IT CAN BECOME CAPITAL4 ,NATURALLY AN>*I/S DO NOT AGREE ON H[ TO /RIKE A BALANCE BETWE5 PRACTICALITY & P]FECTION1 OR H[ DEEP TO CUT 9 ORD] TO ROOT \T CAPITALISM1 BUT /UDY+ ALL ! POSSIBILITIES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ?AT MI<T BE DOOM$ TO FAILURE OR WORSE1 CAN ONLY HELP4 

,H[ WILL CITIES WORK8 

,MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE ?AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY MI<T WORK 9 !ORY1 BUT ! MOD]N WORLD CONTA9S TOO MANY OB/ACLES ?AT PREV5T SU* A TOTAL LIB]ATION4 ,L>GE CITIES >E *IEF AMONG !SE PUTATIVE /UMBL+ BLOCKS4 ,9DU/RIAL CAPITALI/ CITIES >E A TANGL$ MESS ( BUREAUCRACIES SUPPOS$LY ONLY KEPT RUNN+ BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,BUT ! MA9T5ANCE ( A L>GE CITY IS NOT AS MY/IFY+ AS WE >E L$ TO BELIEVE4 ,SOME ( ! BIGGE/ CITIES 9 ! WORLD >E L>GELY COMPOS$ ( SELF-ORGANIZ+ SLUMS /RET*+ = MILES4 ,!IR QUALITY ( LIFE LEAVES MU* TO BE DESIR$1 BUT !Y DO %[ ?AT CITIES DO NOT SIMPLY COLLAPSE 9 ! ABS5CE ( EXP]TS4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE SOME EXP]I5CE MA9TA9+ L>GE CITIES2 ! SOLUTION SEEMS TO LIE 9 MA9T5ANCE WORK]S TAK+ OV] ! ORGANIZATION ( ! 9FRA/RUCTURE = :I* !Y >E RESPONSIBLE1 & NEI<BORHOODS =M+ ASSEMBLIES SO ?AT NE>LY ALL O!R DECISIONS CAN BE MADE AT A LOCAL LEVEL1 :]E EV]YONE CAN P>TICIPATE4 ,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION WILL BE ACCOMPANI$ BY A PROCESS ( DEURBANIZATION AS CITIES %R9K TO MORE MANAGEABLE SIZES4 ,MANY PEOPLE WILL PROBABLY RETURN TO ! L& AS 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE DECREASES OR CEASES1 TO BE REPLAC$ BY SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE -- OR 0P]MACULTURE0 -- :I* CAN SUPPORT A HI<] POPULATION D5SITY 9 RURAL >EAS4 

,9 SU* A P]IOD1 IT MI<T BE NECESS>Y TO MAKE NEW SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS 9 A HURRY1 BUT IT WON'T BE ! FIR/ TIME AN>*I/S HAVE MADE A T[N OR CITY FROM SCRAT*4 ,9 ,MAY #b#c1 AS 5VOYS ( ! EI<T LEAD+ WORLD GOV]NM5TS PREP>$ = ! 0,G#h0 SUMMIT 9 ,EVIAN1 ,FRANCE1 ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T SET UP A S]IES ( CONNECT$ VILLAGES TO S]VE AS A F\NDATION = PROTE/ & AN EXAMPLE ( COLLECTIVE1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ LIV+2 !SE TOOK ! NAME ,V,A,A,A,G 7,VILLAGE ,ALT]NATIF1 ,ANTICAPITALI/ ET ,ANTI,GU]RES74 ,= ! DURATION ( ! MOBILIZATION1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE LIV$ 9 !SE VILLAGES1 ORGANIZ+ FOOD1 H\S+1 *ILDC>E1 DEBATE =UMS1 M$IA1 & LEGAL S]VICES1 & MAK+ DECISIONS COMMUNALLY4 ,! PROJECT WAS WIDELY REG>D$ AS A SUCCESS4 ,! ,V,A,A,A,G ALSO EXHIBIT$ ! DUAL =M ( ORGANIZATION SUGGE/$ ABOVE4 ,SPECIFIC 0NEI<BORHOODS10 EA* ) FEW] ?AN #b PEOPLE1 ORGANIZ$ >\ND A COMMUNITY KIT*51 :ILE VILLAGE-WIDE S]VICES -- 09T]-NEI<BORHOOD COLLECTIVE SPACES0 SU* AS ! LEGAL & M$ICAL SPACE -- W]E ORGANIZ$ BY ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 PROVID+ ?OSE S]VICES4 ,?IS EXP]I5CE WAS REPLICAT$ DUR+ ! #be MOBILIZATIONS AGA9/ ! ,G#h 9 ,SCOTL&1 & ! #bg MOBILIZATIONS 9 NOR!RN ,G]MANY1 :5 NE>LY SIX ?\S& PEOPLE LIV$ TOGE!R 9 ,CAMP ,R$DELI*4 

,!SE PROTE/ VILLAGES HAD PREC$5TS 9 ! ,G]MAN ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T ( ! PREVI\S G5]ATION4 ,:5 ! /ATE WANT$ TO BUILD A MASSIVE NUCLE> WA/E /ORAGE COMPLEX AT ,GORLEB5 9 #a#i#g#g1 LOCAL F>M]S BEGAN TO PROTE/4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#h1 FIVE ?\S& PEOPLE SET UP AN 5CAMPM5T ON ! SITE1 BUILD+ A SMALL CITY FROM TREES CUT = CON/RUCTION & NAM+ !IR NEW HOME ,! ,FREE ,REPUBLIC ( ,W5DL&4 ,!Y ISSU$ !IR [N PASSPORTS1 SET UP ILLEGAL RADIO %[S & PR9T$ NEWSPAP]S1 & HELD COMMON DEBATES TO DECIDE H[ TO RUN ! CAMP & RESPOND TO POLICE AGGRESSION4 ,PEOPLE %>$ FOOD & DID AWAY ) MONEY 9 !IR DAILY LIVES4 ,ONE MON? LAT]1 EI<T ?\S& POLICE ASSAULT$ ! PROTE/]S1 :O HAD DECID$ TO RESI/ NONVIOL5TLY4 ,!Y W]E BRUTALLY BEAT5 & CLE>$ \T4 ,SUBSEQU5T MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! ANT9UCLE> MOVEM5T W]E LESS 9CL9$ TO PACIFISM4.<#e#c.> 

,9 ,5GL&1 A YE>LY FE/IVAL ( TRAVEL]S & HIPPIES ?AT CONV]G$ AT ,/ONEH5GE TO M>K ! SUMM] SOL/ICE BECAME A MAJOR C\NT]-CULTURAL AUTONOM\S ZONE & AN EXP]IM5T 9 0COLLECTIVE AN>*Y40 ,BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#g#b1 ! ,/ONEH5GE ,FREE ,FE/IVAL WAS A GA!R+ ?AT LA/$ = ! MON? ( ,JUNE UNTIL ! SOL/ICE4 ,MORE ?AN A MUSIC FE/IVAL1 IT WAS A NON-HI]>*ICAL SPACE = ! CREATION ( MUSIC1 >T1 & NEW RELATION%IPS1 AS WELL AS SPIRITUAL & PSY*$ELIC EXPLORATION4 ,IT BECAME AN ESS5TIAL RITUAL & SOCIAL EV5T 9 ,5GL&'S GR[+ TRAVEL] CULTURE4 ,BY #a#i#h#d1 IT DREW #c1 P>TICIPANTS :O CREAT$ A SELF-ORGANIZ$ VILLAGE = ! MON?4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ONE P>TICIPANT1 IT WAS 0,AN>*Y4 ,& IT WORK$40.<#e#d.> ,! ,?AT*] REGIME SAW IT AS A ?REAT2 9 #aihe !Y BANN$ ! #a#d? ANNUAL ,/ONEH5GE ,FREE ,FE/IVAL1 BRUTALLY ATTACK+ ! SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEOPLE :O CAME TO SET IT UP 9 AN ASSAULT KN[N AS ! ,BATTLE ( ! ,BEANFIELD4 

,!SE EXAMPLES ( IMPROMPTU CAMPS >E NOT AS M>G9AL AS !Y MI<T SEEM AT FIR/4 ,HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! WORLD LIVE 9 9=MALLY ORGANIZ$ CITIES1 SOMETIMES CALL$ %ANTYT[NS OR FAVELAS1 :I* >E SELF-ORGANIZ+1 SELF-CREAT$1 & SELF-SU/A9+4 ,! SOCIAL ISSUES POS$ BY !SE %ANTYT[NS >E V]Y COMPLEX4 ,MILLIONS ( F>M]S >E =C$ (F !IR L& YE>LY & HAVE TO MOVE TO ! CITIES1 :]E ! P]IPH]AL %ANTYT[NS >E ! ONLY PLACE !Y CAN AF=D TO SETTLE2 BUT A GREAT MANY PEOPLE ALSO MOVE TO ! CITY VOLUNT>ILY TO ESCAPE ! MORE CULTURALLY RIGID RURAL >EAS & BUILD A NEW LIFE4 ,MANY %ANTYT[NS >E PLAGU$ BY HEAL? PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY POOR ACCESS TO CLEAN WAT]1 HEAL?C>E1 & NUTRITION4 ,H[EV]1 MANY ( !SE PROBLEMS >E PECULI> TO CAPITALISM RA!R ?AN ! /RUCTURE ( ! %ANTYT[NS1 AS ! 9HABITANTS >E (T5 +5I\S 9 PROVID+ = !MSELVES 9 SPITE ( >TIFICIALLY LIMIT$ RES\RCES4 

,PRIVATIZ$ ELECTRICITY & WAT] >E G5]ALLY TOO EXP5SIVE1 & EV5 :]E !SE UTILITIES >E PUBLIC ! AU?ORITIES (T5 REFUSE TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO 9=MAL SETTLEM5TS4 ,*ANTY DWELL]S GET >\ND ?IS PROBLEM BY CON/RUCT+ !IR [N WELLS & PIRAT+ ELECTRICITY4 ,M$ICAL C>E IS HI<LY PR(ESSIONALIZ$ 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES & DI/RIBUT$ 9 EX*ANGE = MONEY RA!R ?AN ON ! BASIS ( NE$2 CONSEQU5TLY1 !RE >E R>ELY FULLY TRA9$ DOCTORS 9 ! %ANTYT[NS4 ,BUT ! FOLK M$IC9E & HEAL]S ?AT >E PRES5T >E (T5 AVAILABLE ON A BASIS ( MUTUAL AID4 ,ACCESS TO FOOD IS ALSO >TIFICIALLY LIMIT$1 BECAUSE SMALL-SCALE HORTICULTURE = LOCAL CONSUMPTION HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY L>GE-SCALE PRODUCTION ( CA% CROPS1 DEPRIV+ PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! ,GLOBAL ,S\? ( DIV]SE & AF=DABLE S\RCES ( LOCAL FOOD4 ,?IS PROBLEM IS EXAC]BAT$ 9 FAM9E >EAS1 BECAUSE FOOD AID FROM ! ,U,S1 9 L9E ) MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC /RATEGIES1 CONSI/S ( IMPORTS RA!R ?AN SUBSIDIES = LOCAL PRODUCTION4 ,BUT )9 ! SETTLEM5TS1 AVAILABLE FOOD IS FREQU5TLY %>$ RA!R ?AN TRAD$4 ,AN AN?ROPOLOGI/ E/IMAT$ ?AT 9 ONE 9=MAL SETTLEM5T 9 ,<ANA PEOPLE GAVE AWAY ALMO/ ONE ?IRD ( ALL !IR RES\RCES4 ,?IS MAKES P]FECT S5SE4 ,POLICE R>ELY HAVE CONTROL ( %ANTYT[NS1 & SOME >M$ =CE IS REQUIR$ TO UPHOLD AN UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( RES\RCES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ?OSE :O HO>D RES\RCES >E LIKELY TO BE ROBB$4 ,) FEW RES\RCES1 LITTLE SECURITY1 & NO GU>ANTEES ( PROP]TY RI<TS1 PEOPLE CAN LIVE BETT] BY GIV+ AWAY A L>GE PORTION ( :ATEV] RES\RCES !Y COME ACROSS4 ,GIFT-GIV+ 9CREASES !IR SOCIAL WEAL?3 FRI5D%IPS & O!R RELATION%IPS ?AT CREATE A SAFETY NETWORK :I* CANNOT BE /OL54 

,9 ADDITION TO MUTUAL AID1 ! AN>*I/ OBJECTIVES ( DEC5TRALIZATION1 VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION1 H&S-ON PRODUCTION RA!R ?AN PR(ESSIONALIZATION ( SKILLS & S]VICES1 & DIRECT DEMOCRACY >E GUID+ PR9CIPLES 9 MANY %ANTYT[NS4 ,IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT1 9 AN ]A ( GR[+ 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION1 %ANTYT[N DWELL]S SUBSIDE ON JU/ A FRACTION ( A P]C5T ( ! RES\RCES CONSUM$ BY SUBURBANITES & =MAL CITY DWELL]S4 ,SOME MAY EV5 HAVE A NEGATIVE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T1 9 ?AT !Y RECYCLE MORE WA/E ?AN !Y G5]ATE4.<#e#e.> ,9 A WORLD )\T CAPITALISM1 9=MAL SETTLEM5TS W\LD HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO BE MU* HEAL?I] PLACES4 ,EV5 TODAY1 !Y DISPROVE ! CAPITALI/ MY?S ?AT CITIES CAN ONLY BE HELD TOGE!R BY EXP]TS & C5TRAL ORGANIZATION1 & ?AT PEOPLE CAN ONLY LIVE AT TODAY'S POPULATION LEVELS BY CONT9U+ TO SURR5D] \R LIVES TO ! CONTROL ( AU?ORITIES4 

,ONE 9SPIR+ EXAMPLE ( AN 9=MAL CITY IS ,EL ,ALTO1 ,BOLIVIA4 ,EL ,ALTO SITS ON ! ,ALTIPLANO1 ! PLATEAU OV]LOOK+ ,LA ,PAZ1 ! CAPITAL4 ,A FEW DECADES AGO ,EL ,ALTO WAS JU/ A SMALL T[N1 BUT AS GLOBAL ECONOMIC *ANGES CAUS$ ! %UTT+ D[N ( M9ES & SMALL F>MS1 HUGE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE CAME H]E4 ,UNABLE TO RESIDE 9 ,LA ,PAZ1 !Y BUILT SETTLEM5TS UP ON ! PLATEAU1 *ANG+ ! T[N 9TO A MAJOR URBAN >EA ) #h#e1 RESID5TS4 ,SEV5TY P]C5T ( ! PEOPLE :O HAVE JOBS H]E MAKE !IR LIV+ ?R\< FAMILY BUS9ESSES 9 AN 9=MAL ECONOMY4 ,L& USE IS UNREGULAT$1 & ! /ATE PROVIDES LITTLE OR NO 9FRA/RUCTURE3 MO/ NEI<BORHOODS DO NOT HAVE PAV$ ROADS1 G>BAGE REMOVAL S]VICES1 OR 9DOOR PLUMB+1 #g#e.0 ( ! POPULATION LACKS BASIC HEAL? C>E1 & #d.0 >E ILLIT]ATE4.<#e#f.> ,FAC$ ) ?IS SITUATION1 ! RESID5TS ( ! 9=MAL CITY TOOK !IR SELF-ORGANIZATION TO ! NEXT /EP1 BY CREAT+ NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS1 OR JUNTAS4 ,! FIR/ JUNTAS 9 ,EL ,ALTO GO BACK TO ! '#eS4 ,9 #aigi !SE JUNTAS />T$ TO COORD9ATE ?R\< A NEW ORGANIZATION1 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,NEI<BORHOOD ,C\NCILS1 ,F,E,J,U,V,E4 ,N[ !RE >E NE>LY #f JUNTAS 9 ,EL ,ALTO4 ,! JUNTAS ALL[ NEI<BORS TO POOL RES\RCES TO CREATE & MA9TA9 NECESS>Y 9FRA/RUCTURE1 LIKE S*OOLS1 P>KS1 & BASIC UTILITIES4 ,!Y ALSO M$IATE DISPUTES & LEVY SANCTIONS 9 CASES ( CONFLICT & SOCIAL H>M4 ,! F$]ATION1 ,F,E,J,U,V,E1 POOLS ! RES\RCES ( ! JUNTAS TO COORD9ATE PROTE/S & BLOCKADES & CON/ITUTE ! SLUM DWELL]S AS A SOCIAL =CE4 ,9 JU/ ! FIR/ FIVE YE>S ( ! NEW MILL5NIUM1 ,F,E,J,U,V,E TOOK A LEAD ROLE 9 E/ABLI%+ A PUBLIC UNIV]SITY 9 ,EL ,ALTO1 BLOCK+ NEW MUNICIPAL TAXES1 & DEPRIVATIZ+ ! WAT] S]VICES4 ,F,E,J,U,V,E ALSO WAS 9/RUM5TAL 9 ! POPUL> MOVEM5T ?AT =C$ ! GOV]NM5T TO NATIONALIZE ! NATURAL GAS RES\RCES4 

,EA* JUNTA TYPICALLY CONTA9S AT LEA/ #b PEOPLE & MEETS EV]Y MON?1 MAK+ G5]AL DECISIONS ?R\< PUBLIC DISCUSSION & CONS5SUS4 ,!Y ALSO ELECT A COMMITTEE :I* MEETS MORE FREQU5TLY & HAS AN ADM9I/RATIVE ROLE4 ,POLITICAL P>TY LEAD]S1 M]*ANTS1 REAL E/ATE SPECULATORS1 & ?OSE :O COLLABORAT$ ) ! DICTATOR%IP >E NOT ALL[$ TO BE COMMITTEE DELEGATES4 ,MORE M5 ?AN WOM5 SIT ON !SE COMMITTEES2 H[EV] A GREAT] P]C5TAGE ( WOM5 TAKE ON LEAD]%IP ROLES 9 ,F,E,J,U,V,E ?AN 9 O!R ,BOLIVIAN POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS4 

,P>ALLEL TO ! ORGANIZATION 9 NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS IS ! ORGANIZATION ( 9FRA/RUCTURE & ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 9 UNIONS OR SYNDICATES4 ,! /REET V5DORS & TRANSPORTATION WORK]S1 = EXAMPLE1 SELF-ORGANIZE 9 !IR [N BASE UNIONS4 

,BO? ! NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS & !IR C\NT]P>TS 9 ! 9=MAL ECONOMY >E PATT]N$ AFT] ! TRADITIONAL COMMUNIT>IAN ORGANIZATION ( RURAL 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES 7AYLLU7 9 T]MS ( T]RITORIALITY1 /RUCTURE & ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES4 ,!Y ALSO REFLECT ! TRADITIONS ( RADICAL M9]S' UNIONS1 :I* = DECADES L$ ,BOLIVIA'S MILITANT LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,FUS+ !SE EXP]I5CES1 ,EL ,ALTO'S MIGRANTS HAVE REPRODUC$1 TRANSPLANT$ & ADAPT$ !IR COMMUNITIES ( ORIG9 TO FACILITATE SURVIVAL 9 A HO/ILE URBAN 5VIRONM5T4 .<444.>,?R\< ! NEI<BORHOOD JUNTAS1 ,EL ,ALTO HAS DEVELOP$ AS A SELF-CON/RUCT$ CITY RUN BY A NETWORK ( MICRO-GOV]NM5TS .<#e#g.> 9DEP5D5T ( ! /ATE4 ,9 ,RAUL ,ZIBE*I'S VIEW1 ! AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATION ( LABOR 9 ! 9=MAL SECTOR1 BAS$ ON PRODUCTIVITY & FAMILY TIES 9/EAD ( ! HI]>*ICAL BOSS-WORK] RELATION%IP1 RE9=CES ?IS S5SE ( EMP[]M5T3 ,CITIZ5S CAN SELF-MANAGE & CONTROL !IR [N 5VIRONM5T .<#e#h.> 

,HORIZONTAL NETWORKS 0)\T TRADITIONAL LEAD]%IP0 ALSO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE COMPLEM5T>Y TO !SE =MAL /RUCTURES 9 BO? ! ORGANIZATION ( DAILY LIFE & ! COORD9ATION ( PROTE/1 BLOCKADES1 & /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE4 

,N[ ?AT ,BOLIVIA HAS AN 9DIG5\S PRESID5T & PROGRESSIVE GOV]NM5T L$ BY ,M,A,S1 ! ,MOVEM5T ,T[>DS ,SOCIALISM1 ,F,E,J,U,V,E FACES ! DANG] ( 9CORPORATION & RECUP]ATION ?AT TYPICALLY NEUTRALIZES HORIZONTAL MOVEM5TS )\T EXPLICITLY ANTI-/ATE GOALS & MEANS4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE SUPPORT+ ,EVO ,MORALES' REV]SALS ( NEOLIB]AL POLICY1 AS ( ?IS WRIT+ ,F,E,J,U,V,E REMA9S CRITICAL ( ,M,A,S & ! GOV]NM5T1 & IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 TO :AT EXT5T !Y WILL BE RECUP]AT$4 

,9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 !RE >E MANY O!R EXAMPLES ( 9=MAL URBAN SETTLEM5TS ?AT ORGANIZES !MSELVES TO CREATE A BETT] LIFE & /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,SPECIFIC MOVEM5TS ( %ACK DWELL]S 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA >E (T5 BORN \T ( MOM5TS ( VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ?AT TAKE ON AN EXT5D$ LIFE AS PEOPLE :O MET 9 ! /REETS TO /OP AN EVICTION OR A WAT] %UT-(F CONT9UE TO MEET 9 ORD] TO CREATE /RUCTURES = HOME C>E = ! SICK1 FIRE WAT*1 SECURITY PATROLS1 BURIAL S]VICES1 $UCATION1 G>D5S1 SEW+ COLLECTIVES1 & FOOD DI/RIBUTION4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE ) ! MOVEM5T ,ABAHLALI BASE ,MJONDOLO1 :I* >OSE 9 #be \T ( A ROAD BLOCKADE TO /OP ! EVICTION ( ! SETTLEM5T TO MAKE WAY = DEVELOPM5T 9 PREP>ATION = ! #ba ,WORLD ,CUP4 

,! ,SYMPHONY ,WAY SETTLEM5T ( ,CAPET[N IS A SQUATT$ COMMUNITY ( #abg FAMILIES :O HAD BE5 =CIBLY EVICT$ FROM !IR PREVI\S HOME BY ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* IS TRY+ TO MEET ITS #bb T>GET UND] ! ,MILL5NIUM ,DEVELOPM5T ,GOALS TO ]ADICATE ALL SLUMS4 ,! GOV]NM5T RELOCAT$ SOME ( ! EVICTEES 9 A T5T CAMP SURR\ND$ BY >M$ GU>DS & RAZOR WIRE1 & ! RE/ 9 ! ,TRANSIT ,RELOCATION ,>EAS1 DESCRIB$ BY ONE RESID5T AS 0A LO/ PLACE 9 HELL0 ) HI< CRIME & FREQU5T RAPE ( *ILDR54.<#e#i.> 

,REFUS+ TO NEGOTIATE ) ! HI<LY DI/RU/$ POLITICAL P>TIES OR TO LIVE 9 EI!R ( ! (FICIALLY PROVID$ HELL HOLES1 ! ,SYMPHONY ,WAY FAMILIES DECID$ TO ILLEGALLY OCCUPY AN >EA ALONG A ROAD TO SET UP !IR COMMUNITY4 ,!Y ORGANIZE !IR COMMUNITY ) MASS ASSEMBLIES 9 :I* EV]YONE P>TICIPATES1 AS WELL AS A HI< DEGREE ( 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,RAISE1 A NURSE :O LIVES 9 ,SYMPHONY ,WAY1 VOLUNTE]S AS A TEA*] )9 ! COMMUNITY C5T]1 HELPS ORGANIZE A GIRL'S NETBALL TEAM1 A BOY'S SOCC] TEAM1 A DRUM B&1 A *ILDR5'S DAYCAMP DUR+ HOLIDAYS1 & ASSI/S 9 *ILDBIR?4 ,*ILDR5 >E V]Y IMPORTANT )9 ! SETTLEM5T1 & !Y HAVE !IR [N COMMITTEE TO DISCUSS ! PROBLEMS !Y >E CONFRONT$ )4 0,9 ! COMMITTEE WE SOLVE \R EV]YDAY PROBLEMS1 :5 *ILDR5 FI<T OR SOME?+4 ,WE COME TOGE!R & TALK4 ,!RE >E *ILDR5 FROM O!R SETTLEM5TS1 NOT ONLY FROM ?IS ROAD10 EXPLA9S ONE MEMB] ( ! COMMITTEE4 ,! COMMUNITY IS MULTIRACIAL & MULTIRELIGI\S1 9CLUD+ ,RA/AF>IANS1 ,MUSLIMS1 & ,*RI/IANS1 :O WORK TOGE!R TO FO/] A CULTURE ( RESPECT AMONG ! DIFF]5T GR\PS4 ,! SETTLEM5T HAS A NI<T-WAT* TO DISC\RAGE ANTISOCIAL CRIME & PUT \T UNATT5D$ FIRES4 ,! RESID5TS TOLD A VISIT+ ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ ?AT !Y FELT MU* SAF] 9 !IR COMMUNITY ?AN !Y W\LD 9 ONE ( ! CAMPS (F]$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 :]E CRIME IS RAMPANT1 BECAUSE AT ,SYMPHONY ,WAY ! COMMUNITY WORK$ TOGE!R TO PROTECT ITSELF4 0,:5 SOMEONE IS 9 TR\BLE EV]YONE IS H]E10 EXPLA9$ ,RAISE4 ,! S5SE ( COMMUNITY IS ONE REASON :Y ! SQUATT]S DO NOT WANT TO MOVE TO A GOV]NM5T CAMP1 DESPITE ! ?REAT ( POLICE VIOL5CE1 & EV5 ?\< 9 ! T5T CAMP ! GOV]NM5T PROVIDES FOOD & WAT] = FREE4 0,! COMMUNITY IS /RONG & WE MADE IT /RONG1 LIV+ & WORK+ TOGE!R1 BUT WE DIDN'T KN[ EA* O!R :5 WE FIR/ CAME H]E4 ,?IS YE> & A HALF MADE US ALL A BIG FAMILY40 

,!RE >E ?\S&S ( EXAMPLES ( PEOPLE CREAT+ CITIES1 LIV+ AT HI< POPULATION D5SITY1 & MEET+ !IR BASIC NE$S ) SCANT RES\RCES1 ) MUTUAL AID & DIRECT ACTION4 ,BUT :AT AB\T ! BIGG] PICTURE8 ,H[ W\LD D5SELY POPULAT$ CITIES FE$ !MSELVES )\T SUBJUGAT+ OR EXPLOIT+ ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRYSIDE8 ,IT MAY BE ?AT ! SUBJUGATION ( RURAL >EAS BY CITIES PLAY$ A ROLE 9 ! EM]G5CE ( ! /ATE ?\S&S ( YE>S AGO4 ,BUT CITIES DO NOT HAVE TO BE AS UNSU/A9ABLE AS !Y >E N[4 ,! #a#i? C5TURY AN>*I/ ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 WROTE AB\T A PH5OM5ON ?AT SUGGE/$ 9T]E/+ POSSIBILITIES = AN>*I/ CITIES4 ,URBAN G>D5]S 9 & IMM$IATELY >\ND ,P>IS SUPPLI$ MO/ ( ! CITY'S VEGETABLES VIA 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE SUPPORT$ BY PL5TIFUL MANURE FROM ! CITY1 AS WELL AS 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTS1 SU* AS GLASS = GRE5H\SES1 ?AT WAS TOO CO/LY = F>M]S 9 RURAL >EAS4 ,!SE SUBURBAN G>D5]S LIV$ CLOSE 5\< TO ! CITY ?AT !Y C\LD COME 9 EV]Y WEEK TO SELL !IR PRODUCE AT M>KET4 ,! SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS SY/EM ( G>D5+ WAS ONE ( ,KROPOTK9'S 9SPIRATIONS 9 WRIT+ AB\T AN>*I/ CITIES4 

,9 ,CUBA1 C5TRALIZ$ 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE COLLAPS$ AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,SOVIET ,BLOC1 :I* HAD BE5 ,CUBA'S MA9 SUPPLI] ( PETROLEUM & MA*9]Y4 ,! SUBSEQU5T TI<T5+ ( ! ,U,S EMB>GO ONLY EXAC]BAT$ ! SITUATION4 ,! AV]AGE ,CUBAN LO/ #b P\NDS4 ,QUICKLY1 MU* ( ! C\NTRY %IFT$ TO SMALL-SCALE 9T5SIVE URBAN AGRICULTURE4 ,AS ( #b#e1 HALF ( ! FRE% PRODUCE CONSUM$ BY ! #b MILLION RESID5TS ( ,HAVANA WAS PRODUC$ BY AB\T #b#b1 URBAN G>D5]S )9 ! CITY ITSELF4.<#f.> ,! ,P>ISIAN EXAMPLE *RONICL$ BY ,KROPOTK9 %[S ?AT SU* %IFTS CAN ALSO OCCUR )\T /ATE GUIDANCE4 

,:AT AB\T DR\<T1 FAM9E1 OR O!R CATA/ROPHES8 

,GOV]NM5TS ASS]T ADDITIONAL CONTROL ?R\< 0EM]G5CY P[]S10 ON ! PREMISE ?AT GREAT] C5TRALIZATION IS NECESS>Y 9 EM]G5CIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURES >E LESS AGILE 9 RESPOND+ TO *AOTIC SITUATIONS4 ,/UDIES %[ ?AT AFT] NATURAL DISA/]S MO/ RESCUES >E C>RI$ \T BY COMMON PEOPLE1 NOT GOV]NM5T EXP]TS OR PR(ESSIONAL AID WORK]S4 ,MORE HUMANIT>IAN AID IS (F]$ BY PEOPLE ?AN BY GOV]NM5TS4 ,GOV]NM5T AID (T5 FACILITATES POLITICAL AG5DAS SU* AS SUPPORT+ POLITICAL ALLIES AGA9/ !IR OPPON5TS1 SPREAD+ G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ FOODS1 & UND]M9+ LOCAL AGRICULTURE ) HUGE %IPM5TS ( FREE FOOD ?AT >E QUICKLY REPLAC$ BY COMM]CIAL IMPORTS MONOPOLIZ+ ! UPSET M>KET4 ,= ?AT MATT]1 A SIGNIFICANT PORTION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL >MS TRADE IS DISGUIS$ 9 GOV]NM5T AID %IPM5TS4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT PEOPLE W\LD BE BETT] (F 9 CATA/ROPHES )\T GOV]NM5TS4 ,WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE ALT]NATIVES TO GOV]NM5T ASSI/ANCE BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY4 ,IF ONE AN>*I/ COMMUNITY IS /RUCK BY A CATA/ROPHE1 IT CAN C\NT ON HELP FROM O!RS4 ,:]EAS 9 A CAPITALI/ CONTEXT CATA/ROPHE IS AN OCCASION = POLITICALLY MOTIVAT$ =MS ( AID1 IF NOT \TRI<T OPPORTUNISM1 AN>*I/S GIVE ASSI/ANCE FREELY ) ! ASSURANCE ?AT IT WILL BE RECIPROCAT$ :5 ! TIME COMES4 

,SPA9 9 #aicf AGA9 PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE4 ,9 ,MAS DE LAS ,MATAS1 AS 9 O!R P>TS1 ! ,CANTONAL 7DI/RICT7 ,COMMITTEE KEPT TRACK ( %ORTAGES & SURPLUSES & MADE >RANGEM5TS = EV5 DI/RIBUTION4 ,P>T ( ITS WORK WAS TO MAKE SURE ALL COLLECTIVES W]E TAK5 C>E ( 9 ! EV5T ( NATURAL DISA/]S4 

,= EXAMPLE3 ?IS YE> ! PR9CIPAL CROPS ( ,MAS DE LAS ,MATAS1 ,S5O1 & ,LA ,G9EBROSA W]E DE/ROY$ BY HAIL/ORMS4 ,9 A CAPITALI/ REGIME1 SU* NATURAL DISA/]S W\LD HAVE MEANT 5DLESS PRIVATIONS1 HEAVY DEBTS1 =ECLOSURES1 & EV5 EMIGRATION ( SOME WORK]S = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,BUT 9 ! REGIME ( LIB]T>IAN SOLID>ITY1 !SE DIFFICULTIES W]E OV]COME BY ! EF=TS ( ! :OLE DI/RICT4 ,PROVISIONS1 SE$S1 .<444.> EV]Y?+ NE$$ TO REPAIR ! DAMAGE1 W]E FURNI%$ 9 ! SPIRIT ( BRO!RHOOD & SOLID>ITY -- )\T CONDITIONS1 )\T CONTRACT+ DEBTS4 ,! ,REVOLUTION HAS CREAT$ A NEW CIVILIZATION6.<#f#a.> 

,AN>*ISM IS ONE ( ! FEW REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS ?AT DOES NOT REQUIRE MOD]NIZATION2 AN>*I/ SOCIETIES >E FREE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES AT ANY SU/A9ABLE LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT SOCIETIES CURR5TLY EXI/+ AS HUNT]-GA!R]S1 OR GR\PS ( PEOPLE :O *OOSE TO ADOPT SU* A LIFE/YLE1 CAN PRACTICE ?IS MO/ EFFICI5T & ECOLOGICAL =M ( SUBSI/5CE1 ! MO/ CONDUCIVE TO A RESILI5T ECOSY/EM ?AT IS LESS VULN]ABLE TO NATURAL DISA/]S4 

,MEET+ \R NE$S )\T KEEP+ C\NT 

,CAPITALISM HAS PRODUC$ SOME AMAZ+ GADGETS1 BUT ! MILIT>Y & ! POLICE >E ALMO/ ALWAYS ! FIR/ TO USE NEW TE*NOLOGIES1 & (T5 ! WEAL?IE/ PEOPLE >E ! ONLY ONES :O B5EFIT FROM !M4 ,CAPITALISM HAS PRODUC$ UNDREAM$ ( WEAL?1 BUT IT IS HO>D$ BY P>ASITES :O DID NOT PRODUCE IT & :O LORD OV] ! SLAVES & WAGE LABOR]S :O CREAT$ IT4 ,COMPETITION MAY SEEM TO BE A USEFUL PR9CIPLE = 5C\RAG+ EFFICI5CY -- BUT EFFICI5CY = :AT PURPOSE8 ,B5EA? ! MY?OLOGY IT HAS CREAT$1 CAPITALISM IS NOT ACTUALLY A COMPETITIVE SY/EM4 ,WORK]S >E DIVID$ & PLAY$ AGA9/ EA* O!R1 :ILE ! ELITE COOP]ATE TO MA9TA9 !IR SUBJECTION4 ,! WEAL?Y MAY COMPETE = BIGG] SLICES ( ! PIE1 BUT !Y REGUL>LY TAKE UP >MS TOGE!R TO 5SURE ?AT EV]Y DAY ! PIE IS BAK$ & BR\<T TO !IR TABLE4 ,:5 CAPITALISM WAS /ILL A NEW PH5OM5ON1 ONE C\LD DESCRIBE IT MORE HONE/LY1 )\T BE+ CONFUS$ BY DECADES ( PROPAG&A AB\T ITS SUPPOS$ VIRTUES3 ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN1 H>DLY AN AN>*I/1 C\LD SEE CLE>LY 5\< ?AT 0CAPITALI/S G5]ALLY ACT H>MONI\SLY & 9 CONC]T TO FLEECE ! PEOPLE40 

,CAPITALISM HAS FAIL$ HORRIBLY AT MEET+ PEOPLE'S NE$S & >RANG+ A FAIR DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS4 ,?R\<\T ! WORLD1 MILLIONS DIE FROM TREATABLE DISEASES BECAUSE !Y CANNOT AF=D ! M$IC9E ?AT W\LD SAVE !M1 & PEOPLE />VE TO DEA? :ILE !IR C\NTRIES EXPORT CA% CROPS4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 EV]Y?+ IS = SALE -- CULTURE IS A COMMODITY ?AT CAN BE MANIPULAT$ TO SELL L+]IE OR SK9 CREAM1 NATURE IS A RES\RCE TO BE SUCK$ DRY & DE/ROY$ = PR(IT4 ,PEOPLE MU/ SELL !IR TIME & 5]GY TO ! [N+ CLASS 9 ORD] TO BUY BACK A FRACTION ( :AT !Y PRODUCE4 ,?IS IS A DEEPLY ROOT$ SY/EM ?AT %APES \R VALUES & RELATION%IPS & DEFIES MO/ ATTEMPTS TO ABOLI% IT4 ,! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,U,S,S,R & ,*9A DID NOT GO DEEP 5\<3 AS !Y NEV] FULLY ABOLI%$ CAPITALISM1 IT REEM]G$1 /RONG] ?AN BE=E4 ,MANY AN>*I/ ATTEMPTS HAVE NOT GONE DEEP 5\< EI!R2 CAPITALISM MAY WELL HAVE RESURFAC$ 9 !SE EXP]IM5TS IF HO/ILE GOV]NM5TS HAD NOT CRU%$ !M FIR/4 

,P[] & ALI5ATION MU/ BE PURSU$ TO !IR ROOTS4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< = ! WORK]S TO [N !IR FACTORIES COLLECTIVELY IF !Y >E CONTROLL$ BY MANAG]S & ! WORK /ILL R$UCES !M TO MA*9ES4 ,ALI5ATION IS NOT SIMPLY ! ABS5CE ( LEGAL [N]%IP ( ! MEANS & FRUITS ( PRODUCTION -- IT IS ! LACK ( CONTROL OV] ONE'S RELATION%IP ) ! WORLD4 ,WORK] [N]%IP ( A FACTORY IS MEAN+LESS IF IT IS /ILL ADM9I/]$ BY O!RS ON !IR BEHALF4 ,! WORK]S MU/ ORGANIZE !MSELVES & CONTROL ! FACTORY DIRECTLY4 ,& EV5 IF !Y CONTROL ! FACTORY DIRECTLY1 ALI5ATION P]SI/S :]E ! BROAD] ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS1 ! FACTORY ITSELF1 DICTATES ! =M !IR LABOR TAKES4 ,CAN A P]SON TRULY BE FREE WORK+ ON AN ASSEMBLY L9E1 D5I$ CREATIVITY & TREAT$ AS A MA*9E8 ,! =M ( WORK ITSELF MU/ *ANGE1 SO ?AT PEOPLE CAN PURSUE ! SKILLS & ACTIVITIES ?AT GIVE !M JOY4 

,! SEP>ATION ( WORK FROM O!R HUMAN ACTIVITIES IS ONE ( ! ROOTS ( ALI5ATION4 ,PRODUCTION ITSELF BECOMES A SORT ( OBSESSION ?AT JU/IFIES EXPLOIT+ PEOPLE OR DE/ROY+ ! 5VIRONM5T = ! SAKE ( EFFICI5CY4 ,IF WE VIEW HAPP9ESS AS A HUMAN NE$ NO LESS ?AN FOOD & CLO?+1 !N ! DIVISION BETWE5 PRODUCTIVE & NONPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY1 BETWE5 WORK & PLAY1 MELTS AWAY4 ,! SQUATT+ MOVEM5T 9 ,B>CELONA & ! GIFT ECONOMIES ( MANY 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES PROVIDE EXAMPLES ( ! BLURR+ ( WORK & PLAY4 

,9 A FREE SOCIETY1 EX*ANGE IS SIMPLY A SYMBOLIC ASSURANCE ?AT EV]YONE IS CONTRIBUT+ TO ! COMMON RES\RCES -- PEOPLE DON'T HO>D RES\RCES OR TAKE ADVANTAGE ( O!RS1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE TO GIVE 9 ORD] TO RECEIVE4 ,BUT EX*ANGE CAN PRES5T PROBLEMS BY ATTA*+ A QUANTITATIVE VALUE TO EV]Y OBJECT & EXP]I5CE1 ?US /RIPP+ !M ( !IR SUBJECTIVE VALUE4 

,:]E ONCE AN ICE CREAM CONE WAS WOR? A DELICI\S T5 M9UTES ( F+] LICK+ GOODNESS 9 ! SUN1 & A BOOK WAS WOR? SEV]AL AFT]NOONS ( 5JOYM5T & REFLECTION & POSSIBLY EV5 LIFE-*ANG+ 9SI<T1 AFT] !SE GOODS >E ASSESS$ ACCORD+ TO ! REGIME ( EX*ANGE1 AN ICE CREAM CONE IS WOR? A F\R? ( A BOOK4 ,FUR!R 9TO ?IS PROCESS1 TO MAKE ! EX*ANGES MORE EFFICI5T1 :ILE CONSEQU5TLY FIX+ ! QUANTITATIVE VALUE AS 9H]5T RA!R ?AN COMP>ATIVE1 AN ICE CREAM CONE IS WOR? ONE UNIT ( CURR5CY & A BOOK F\R UNITS ( CURR5CY4 ,! MONET>Y VALUE REPLACES ! SUBJECTIVE VALUE ( ! OBJECT -- ! PLEASURE PEOPLE F9D 9 IT4 ,ON ONE H&1 PEOPLE & !IR DESIRES >E TAK5 \T ( ! EQUATION1 :ILE ON ! O!R H& ALL VALUES -- PLEASURE1 USEFULNESS1 9SPIRATION -- >E ABSORB$ 9TO A QUANTITATIVE VALUE1 & MONEY ITSELF BECOMES A SYMBOL = ALL !SE O!R VALUES4 

,9 EFFECT1 POSSESS+ MONEY COMES TO SYMBOLIZE HAV+ ACCESS TO 5JOYM5T OR ! FULFILLM5T ( A DESIRE2 BUT MONEY1 BY AFFIX+ A QUANTITATIVE VALUE1 ROBS OBJECTS ( ! S5SE ( FULFILLM5T !Y MI<T BR+1 BECAUSE HUMANS CANNOT EXP]I5CE QUANTITATIVE1 AB/RACT VALUE4 ,9 EAT+ AN ICE CREAM CONE1 ! PLEASURE IS 9 ! ACT -- BUT 9 BUY+ A COMMODITY1 ! PLEASURE IS 9 ! PUR*ASE1 9 ! MAGICAL MOM5T ?AT AN AB/RACT VALUE IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A TANGIBLE POSSESSION4 ,MONEY EX]TS SU* A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE ON NOTIONS ( VALUE ?AT CONSUMPTION ITSELF IS ALWAYS ANTICLIMACTIC3 ONCE ! COMMODITY IS PUR*AS$1 IT LOSES ITS VALUE1 ESPECIALLY AS PEOPLE COME TO PRIORITIZE AB/RACT VALUE OV] SUBJECTIVE VALUE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 HAV+ PUR*AS$ IT1 Y\ LOSE MONEY1 & Y\R TOTAL HOLD+S ( SYMBOLIC VALUE DECREASE -- H5CE ! NAGG+ FEEL+ ( GUILT ?AT ACCOMPANIES SP5D+ MONEY4 

,9 ADDITION TO ALI5ATION1 EX*ANGE CREATES P[]-OV]3 IF ONE P]SON ACCUMULATES MORE QUANTITATIVE VALUE1 !Y HAVE ACCRU$ ! RI<T TO A GREAT] PORTION ( ! COMMUNITY'S RES\RCES4 ,SY/EMS ( EX*ANGE & CURR5CY1 LIKE ! B>T] NETWORK 9 ,>G5T9A OR ! C\PON SY/EM = PUR*AS+ GOODS 9 P>TS ( AN>*I/ ,SPA91 RELY ON CU/OMS & SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS TO PREV5T ! REEM]G5CE ( CAPITALISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A GIFT ECONOMY C\LD FUNCTION AT A LOCAL LEVEL1 ) EX*ANGE US$ ONLY = REGIONAL TRADE4 ,PEOPLE C\LD DELIB]ATELY SET UP WORK 5VIRONM5TS ?AT 5C\RAGE P]SONAL DEVELOPM5T1 CREATIVITY1 FUN1 & SELF-ORGANIZATION1 :ILE DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]ATIONS ( SU* WORKPLACES C\LD AW>D ONE ANO!R ) C\PONS = ! GOODS !Y PRODUCE SO EA* P]SON HAS ACCESS TO ! WEAL? CREAT$ BY ALL4 

,BUT IT IS A WOR?:ILE *ALL5GE TO DO AWAY ) EX*ANGE & CURR5CY ALTOGE!R4 ,)9 FREE /ORES OR ,FREECYCLE1 ! SYMBOLIC ASSURANCE PROVID$ BY EX*ANGE OR B>T] IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,! ASSURANCE ?AT EV]YONE WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ! COMMON WEAL? SPR+S FROM ! CULTURE ( ! SPACES !MSELVES4 ,AS A P>TICIPANT1 Y\ EXPRESS ! DESIRE TO GIVE & TO RECEIVE1 & Y\R 9CLUSION 9 ! SOCIAL SPACE 9CREASES AS Y\ C>RY \T BO? ( !SE ACTIVITIES4 ,9 SU* CONTEXTS1 GIV+ PLEASES A P]SON JU/ AS MU* AS RECEIV+4 

,! WORLD IS B\NTIFUL 5\< TO PROVIDE = EV]YONE'S NE$S4 ,SC>CITY IS A DANG]\S ILLUSION ?AT FUNCTIONS AS A SELF-FULFILL+ PROPHESY4 ,ONCE PEOPLE /OP GIV+ & BEG9 HO>D+1 COLLECTIVE WEAL? DECL9ES4 ,IF WE OV]COME ! FE> ( SC>CITY1 SC>CITY ITSELF DISAPPE>S4 ,COMMON RES\RCES WILL BE B\NTIFUL IF EV]YONE %>ES & CONTRIBUTES1 OR EV5 IF MO/ PEOPLE DO4 ,PEOPLE LIKE TO BE ACTIVE1 TO CREATE & IMPROVE ?+S4 ,IF PEOPLE >E 5SUR$ ACCESS TO COMMON RES\RCES & SP>$ ! POV]TY ( WAGE SLAV]Y1 !Y WILL CREATE PL5TY ( ! ?+S !Y NE$ & ?AT GIVE !M PLEASURE1 AS WELL AS ! 9FRA/RUCTURE REQUIR$ TO MAKE & DI/RIBUTE !SE ?+S4 

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