,*APT] #i - ,S*OOLS ,NO ,LONG] 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] ,I,X4 ,S*OOLS ,NO ,LONG] 

  
  

,FROM ,WILLIAM ,GODW9'S ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ! ,SEM9>Y ,?AT ,WILL ,BE ,OP5$ ON ,MONDAY ! ,F\R? ,DAY ( ,AUGU/ AT ,EPSOM 9 ,SURREY 7#a#g#h#c7 TO ,PAUL ,GOODMAN'S ,COMPULSORY ,MIS-$UCATION 7#a#i#f#d71 AN>*ISM HAS P]SI/5TLY REG>D$ ITSELF AS HAV+ DI/9CTIVE & REVOLUTION>Y IMPLICATIONS = $UCATION4 ,9DE$1 NO O!R MOVEM5T :ATEV] HAS ASSIGN$ TO $UCATIONAL PR9CIPLES1 CONCEPTS1 EXP]IM5TS1 & PRACTICES A MORE SIGNIFICANT PLACE 9 ITS WRIT+S & ACTIVITIES4  
  
  

,KRIM]MAN & ,P]RY1 ,PATT]NS ( ,AN>*Y 7#a#i#f#f7 

,ULTIMATELY ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( $UCATION IS TO P]PETUATE SOCIETY3 IT IS  
! SOCIALIZ+ FUNCTION4 ,SOCIETY GU>ANTEES ITS FUTURE BY RE>+ ITS *ILDR5 9 ITS [N IMAGE4 ,9 TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES ! PEASANT RE>S HIS SONS TO CULTIVATE ! SOIL1 ! MAN ( P[] RE>S HIS TO WIELD P[]1 & ! PRIE/ 9/RUCTS !M ALL 9 ! NECESSITY ( A PRIE/HOOD4 ,9 MOD]N GOV]NM5TAL SOCIETY1 AS ,FRANK ,MAC,K9NON PUTS IT1 0,! $UCATIONAL SY/EM IS ! L>GE/ 9/RUM5T 9 ! MOD]N /ATE = TELL+ PEOPLE :AT TO DO4 ,IT 5ROLLS FIVE-YE>-OLDS & TRIES TO DIRECT !IR M5TAL1 & MU* ( !IR SOCIAL1 PHYSICAL & MORAL DEVELOPM5T = TWELVE OR MORE ( ! MO/ =MATIVE YE>S ( !IR LIVES40.<#i#e.> 

,TO F9D A HI/ORICAL P>ALLEL TO ?IS Y\ W\LD HAVE TO GO BACK TO ANCI5T ,SP>TA1 ! PR9CIPAL DIFF]5CE BE+ ?AT ! ONLY $UCATION WE HE> ( 9 ! ANCI5T WORLD IS ?AT ( RUL+ CLASSES4 ,SP>TAN $UCATION WAS SIMPLY TRA9+ = 9FANTRY W>F>E & = 9/RUCT+ ! CITIZ5S 9 ! TE*NIQUES = SUBDU+ ! SLAVE CLASS1 ! HELOTS :O DID ! DAILY WORK ( ! /ATE & GREATLY \TNUMB]$ ! CITIZ5S4 ,9 ! MOD]N WORLD ! HELOTS HAVE TO BE $UCAT$ TOO1 & ! EQUIVAL5T ( ,SP>TAN W>F>E IS ! 9DU/RIAL & TE*NICAL COMPETITION BETWE5 NATIONS :I* IS SOMETIMES ! PRODUCT ( W> & SOMETIMES ITS PRELUDE4 ,! YE> 9 :I* ,BRITA9'S 9ITIAL ADVANTAGE 9 ! WORLD'S 9DU/RIAL M>KETS BEGAN TO WANE WAS ! YE> 9 :I*1 AFT] G5]ATIONS ( BICK]+ AB\T ITS RELIGI\S CONT5T1 UNIV]SAL COMPULSORY ELEM5T>Y $UCATION WAS 9TRODUC$1 & EV]Y SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPM5T S9CE ! ,ACT ( #ahg HAD A CLOSE RELATION%IP TO ! EXP]I5CE1 NOT M]ELY ( COMM]CIAL RIVALRY BUT ( W> ITSELF4 ,! ,5GLI% ,$UCATION ,ACTS ( #a#i#b1 #aiah & #aidd W]E ALL BORN ( W>1 & EV]Y NEW 9T]NATIONAL CONFLICT1 :E!R 9 RIVALRY = M>KETS OR 9 MILIT>Y TE*NIQUES1 HAS BE5 ! SIGNAL = A NEW BUR/ ( CONC]N AMONG ! RIVAL P[]S OV] ! SCALE & SCOPE ( !IR SY/EMS ( $UCATION4 

,! NOTION ?AT PRIM>Y $UCATION %\LD BE FREE1 COMPULSORY & UNIV]SAL IS V]Y MU* OLD] ?AN ! ,BRITI% LEGISLATION ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,M>T9 ,LU!R APPEAL$ 0,TO ! ,C\NCILM5 ( ALL ,CITIES 9 ,G]MANY ?AT !Y E/ABLI% & MA9TA9 ,*RI/IAN S*OOLS10 COMPULSORY $UCATION WAS F\ND$ 9 ,CALV9I/ ,G5EVA 9 #a#e#c#f1 & ,CALV9'S ,SCOTTI% DISCIPLE ,JOHN ,KNOX 0PLANT$ A S*OOL AS WELL AS A KIRK 9 EV]Y P>I%04 ,9 ,PURITAN ,MASSA*USETTS FREE COMPULSORY $UCATION WAS 9TRODUC$ 9 #a#f#d#g4 ,! COMMON S*OOL1 ,LEWIS ,MUM=D NOTES1 0CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF1 IS NO BELAT$ PRODUCT ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY DEMOCRACY3 IT PLAY$ A NECESS>Y P>T 9 ! ABSOLUTI/-ME*ANICAL =MULA 444 C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY WAS N[ BELAT$LY TAK+ UP ! WORK ?AT HAD BE5 NEGLECT$ ) ! WIP+ \T ( MUNICIPAL FRE$OM 9 ! GREAT] P>T ( ,EUROPE4.<#i#f.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 HAV+ DE/ROY$ LOCAL 9ITIATIVE1 ! /ATE WAS ACT+ 9 ITS [N 9T]E/4 ,COMPULSORY $UCATION IS B\ND UP HI/ORICALLY1 NOT ONLY ) ! PR9T+ PRESS1 ! RISE ( PROTE/ANTISM & CAPITALISM1 BUT ) ! GR[? ( ! IDEA ( ! NATION /ATE ITSELF4 

,ALL ! GREAT RATIONALI/ PHILOSOPH]S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY POND]$ ON ! PROBLEMS ( POPUL> $UCATION1 & ! TWO ACUTE/ $UCATIONAL ?9K]S AMONG !M RANG$ !MSELVES ON OPPOSITE SIDES ON ! QUE/ION ( ! ORGANIZATION ( $UCATION3 ,R\SSEAU = ! /ATE1 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 AGA9/ IT4 ,R\SSEAU1 :OSE ,EMILE PO/ULATES A COMPLETELY 9DIVIDUAL $UCATION 7HUMAN SOCIETY IS IGNOR$1 ! TUTOR'S 5TIRE LIFE IS DEVOT$ TO POOR ,EMILE7 DID1 NEV]!LESS1 9 HIS ,DISC\RSE ON ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY 7#a#g#e#h7 >GUE = PUBLIC $UCATION 0UND] REGULATIONS PRESCRIB$ BY ! GOV]NM5T 4441 IF *ILDR5 >E BR\<T UP 9 COMMON 9 ! BOSOM ( EQUALITY2 IF !Y >E IMBU$ ) ! LAWS ( ! ,/ATE & ! PRECEPTS ( ! ,G5]AL ,WILL 444 WE CANNOT D\BT ?AT !Y WILL *]I% ONE ANO!R MUTUALLY AS BRO!RS 444 TO BECOME 9 TIME DEF5D]S & FA!RS ( ! C\NTRY ( :I* !Y WILL HAVE BE5 = SO LONG ! *ILDR540 

,GODW91 9 HIS ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE 7#a#g#i#c7 CRITICIZES ! :OLE IDEA ( A NATIONAL $UCATION4 ,HE SUMM>IZES ! >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR1 :I* >E ?OSE US$ BY ,R\SSEAU1 ADD+ TO !M ! QUE/ION1 0,IF ! $UCATION ( \R Y\? BE 5TIRELY CONF9$ TO ! PRUD5CE ( !IR P>5TS1 OR ! ACCID5TAL B5EVOL5CE ( PRIVATE 9DIVIDUALS1 WILL IT NOT BE A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ?AT SOME WILL BE $UCAT$ TO VIRTUE1 O!RS TO VISE1 & O!RS AGA9 5TIRELY NEGLECT$80 ,GODW9'S ANSW] IS WOR? QUOT+ AT L5G? BECAUSE HIS LONE VOICE FROM ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY SPEAKS TO US 9 ! ACC5TS ( ! DE-S*OOL]S ( \R [N DAY3  
  

,! 9JURIES ?AT RESULT FROM A SY/EM ( NATIONAL $UCATION >E1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ?AT ALL PUBLIC E/ABLI%M5TS 9CLUDE 9 !M ! IDEA ( P]MAN5CE 444 PUBLIC $UCATION HAS ALWAYS EXP5D$ ITS 5]GIES 9 ! SUPPORT ( PREJUDICE2 IT TEA*ES ITS PUPILS NOT ! =TITUDE ?AT %ALL BR+ EV]Y PROPOSITION TO ! TE/ ( EXAM9ATION1 BUT ! >T ( V9DICAT+ SU* T5ETS AS MAY *ANCE TO BE PREVI\SLY E/ABLI%$ 444 ,EV5 9 ! PETTY 9/ITUTION ( ,SUNDAY S*OOLS1 ! *IEF LESSONS ?AT >E TAU<T >E A SUP]/ITI\S V5]ATION = ! ,*UR* ( ,5GL&1 & TO B[ TO EV]Y MAN 9 A H&SOME COAT 444 

,SECONDLY1 ! IDEA ( NATIONAL $UCATION IS F\ND$ 9 AN 9ATT5TION TO ! NATURE ( M9D4 ,:ATEV] EA* MAN DOES = HIMSELF IS DONE WELL2 :ATEV] HIS NEI<BORS OR HIS C\NTRY UND]TAKE TO DO = HIM IS DONE ILL 444 ,HE ?AT LE>NS BECAUSE HE DESIRES TO LE>N WILL LI/5 TO ! 9/RUCTIONS HE RECEIVES & APPREH5D !IR MEAN+4 ,HE ?AT TEA*ES BECAUSE HE DESIRES TO TEA* WILL DIS*>GE HIS OCCUPATION ) 5?USIASM & 5]GY4 ,BUT ! MOM5T POLITICAL 9/ITUTION UND]TAKES TO ASSIGN TO EV]Y MAN HIS PLACE1 ! FUNCTIONS ( ALL WILL BE DIS*>G$ ) SUP95ESS & 9DIFF]5CE 444 

,?IRDLY1 ! PROJECT ( A NATIONAL $UCATION \<T UNI=MLY TO BE DISC\RAG$ ON ACC\NT ( ITS OBVI\S ALLIANCE ) NATIONAL GOV]NM5T 444 ,GOV]NM5T WILL NOT FAIL TO EMPLOY IT TO /R5G!N ITS H& & P]PETUATE ITS 9/ITUTIONS 444 ,!IR VIEW AS 9/IGATOR ( A SY/EM ( $UCATION WILL NOT FAIL TO BE ANALOG\S TO !IR VIEWS 9 !IR POLITICAL CAPACITY4.<#i#g.>  
  

,CONTEMPOR>Y CRITICS ( ! ALLIANCE BETWE5 NATIONAL GOV]NM5T & NATIONAL $UCATION W\LD AGREE1 & W\LD >GUE ?AT IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( PUBLIC AU?ORITIES TO RUN CO]CIVE & HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS :OSE ULTIMATE FUNCTION IS TO P]PETUATE SOCIAL 9EQUALITY & TO BRA9WA% ! Y\NG 9TO ! ACCEPTANCE ( !IR P>TICUL> SLOT 9 ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM4 ,A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 9 A BOOK CALL$ ,GOD & ! ,/ATE1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 *>ACT]IZ$ 0! PEOPLE0 AS 0! ET]NAL M9OR1 ! PUPIL CONFESS$LY =EV] 9COMPET5T TO PASS HIS EXAM9ATIONS1 RISE TO ! KN[L$GE ( HIS TEA*]S1 & DISP5SE ) !IR DISCIPL9E04  
  

,ONE DAY ,I ASK$ ,MAZZ9I :AT MEASURES W\LD BE TAK5 = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PEOPLE1 ONCE HIS TRIUMPHANT UNIT>Y REPUBLIC HAD BE5 DEF9ITELY E/ABLI%$4 0,! FIR/ MEASURE01 HE ANSW]$1 0WILL BE ! F\NDATION ( S*OOLS = ! PEOPLE40 0,& :AT WILL ! PEOPLE BE TAU<T 9 !SE S*OOLS80 0,! DUTIES ( MAN -- SACRIFICE & DEVOTION40.<#i#h.>  
  

,BAKUN9 MADE ! SAME COMP>ISON AS IS MADE TODAY BY ,EV]ETT ,REIM] & ,IVAN ,ILLI* BETWE5 ! TEA*+ PR(ESSION & A PRIE/LY CA/E1 & HE DECL>$ ?AT 0,LIKE CONDITIONS1 LIKE CAUSES1 ALWAYS PRODUCE LIKE EFFECTS4 ,IT WILL1 !N1 BE ! SAME ) ! PR(ESSORS ( ! MOD]N S*OOL1 DIV9ELY 9SPIR$ & LIC5S$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,!Y WILL NECESS>ILY BECOME1 SOME )\T KN[+ IT1 O!RS ) FULL KN[L$GE ( ! CAUSE1 TEA*]S ( ! DOCTR9E ( POPUL> SACRIFICE TO ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE & TO ! PR(IT ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES40 ,MU/ WE !N1 HE ASK$1 ELIM9ATE FROM SOCIETY ALL 9/RUCTION & ABOLI% ALL S*OOLS8 ,F> FROM IT1 HE REPLI$1 BUT HE DEM&$ S*OOLS FROM :I* ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY WILL BE ELIM9AT$3 0,!Y WILL BE S*OOLS NO LONG]2 !Y WILL BE POPUL> ACADEMIES 9 :I* NEI!R PUPILS NOR MA/]S WILL BE KN[N1 :]E ! PEOPLE WILL COME FREELY TO GET1 IF !Y NE$ IT1 FREE 9/RUCTION1 & 9 :I*1 RI* 9 !IR [N EXP]TIZE1 !Y WILL TEA* 9 !IR TURN MANY ?+S TO ! PR(ESSORS :O %ALL BR+ !M KN[L$GE :I* !Y LACK40.<#i#i.> 

,?IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONCEPTION ( ! S*OOL HAD ALREADY BE5 5VISAG$ BY ,GODW9 9 #agig AS A PLAN 0CALCULAT$ 5TIRELY TO *ANGE ! FACE ( $UCATION4 ,! :OLE =MIDABLE APP>ATUS1 :I* HAS HI!RTO ATT5D$ IT1 IS SWEPT AWAY4 ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 NO SU* *>ACT]S >E LEFT UPON ! SC5E AS EI!R PRECEPTOR OR PUPIL4 ,! BOY1 LIKE ! MAN1 /UDIES BECAUSE HE DESIRES IT4 ,HE PROCE$S UPON A PLAN ( HIS [N 9V5TION1 OR :I*1 BY ADOPT+1 HE HAS MADE HIS [N40.<#a.> ,P]HAPS ! NE>E/ ?+ TO A S*OOL ( ?IS K9D )9 ! (FICIAL SY/EM WAS ,PRE/OLEE ,S*OOL 7AN ELEM5T>Y S*OOL 9 ,LANCA%IRE REVOLUTIONIZ$ AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> BY ITS HEADMA/] ,$W>D ,O' ,NEIL7 1 :]E 0TIME-TABLES & PROGRAMS PLAY AN 9SIGNIFICANT P>T1 = ! OLD] *ILDR5 COME BACK :5 S*OOL H\RS >E OV]1 & ) !M1 !IR P>5TS & ELD] BRO!RS & SI/]S04.<#a#a.> 

,9 SPITE ( ! TALK ( 0COMMUNITY S*OOLS0 !RE >E A ?\S& BUREAUCRATIC REASONS :Y ,O',NEIL'S V]SION ( ,BAKUN9'S 0POPUL> ACADEMY0 C\LD NOT BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE TODAY1 & REMA9S ONLY A VISION ( ! FUTURE TRANS=MATION ( ! S*OOL4 ,H[EV]1 ,PR(ESSOR ,H>RY ,REE TOLD A CONF]5CE ( Y\NG TEA*]S ?AT3 0,I ?9K WE >E GO+ TO SEE 9 Y\R LIFETIME ! 5D ( S*OOLS AS WE KN[ !M4 ,9/EAD !RE WILL BE A COMMUNITY C5T] ) ! DOORS OP5 TWELVE H\RS A DAY1 SEV5 DAYS A WEEK1 :]E ANYBODY CAN W&] 9 & \T ( ! LIBR>Y1 WORK%OPS1 SPORTS C5T]1 SELF-S]VICE /ORE & B>4 ,9 A HUNDR$ YE>S' TIME ! COMPULSORY ATT5DANCE LAWS = *ILDR5 TO GO TO S*OOL MAY HAVE GONE ! SAME WAY AS ! COMPULSORY LAWS = ATT5DANCE AT *UR*40.<#a#b.> 

,TODAY1 AS ! $UCATIONAL BUDGETS ( BO? RI* & POOR NATIONS GET MORE & MORE GIGANTIC1 WE W\LD ADD A FUR!R CRITICISM ( ! ROLE ( ! /ATE AS $UCATOR ?R\<\T ! WORLD3 ! AFFRONT TO ! IDEA ( SOCIAL JU/ICE4 ,AN IMM5SE EF=T BY WELL-9T5TION$ RE=M]S HAS GONE 9TO ! ATTEMPT TO MANIPULATE ! $UCATION SY/EM TO PROVIDE EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY1 BUT ?IS HAS SIMPLY RESULT$ 9 A !ORETICAL & ILLUSORY EQUAL />T 9 A COMPETITION TO BECOME MORE & MORE UNEQUAL4 ,! GREAT] ! SUMS ( MONEY ?AT >E P\R$ 9TO ! $UCATION 9DU/RIES ( ! WORLD1 ! SMALL] ! B5EFIT TO ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! $UCATIONAL1 OCCUPATIONAL & SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 ,! UNIV]SAL $UCATION SY/EM TURNS \T TO BE YET ANO!R WAY 9 :I* ! POOR SUBSIDIZE ! RI*4 ,EV]ETT ,REIM]1 = 9/ANCE1 REM>K+ ?AT S*OOLS >E AN ALMO/ P]FECTLY REGRESSIVE =M ( TAXATION1 NOTES ?AT ! *ILDR5 ( ! POORE/ ONE-T5? ( ! POPULATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CO/ ! PUBLIC 9 S*OOL+ @s#b1#e EA* OV] A LIFETIME1 :ILE ! *ILDR5 ( ! RI*E/ ONE-T5? CO/ AB\T @s#c#e14 0,ASSUM+ ?AT ONE-?IRD ( ?IS IS PRIVATE EXP5DITURE1 ! RI*E/ ONE-T5? /ILL GETS T5 TIMES AS MU* ( PUBLIC FUNDS = $UCATION AS ! POORE/ ONE-T5?40 ,9 HIS SUPPRESS$ ,UNESCO REPORT ( #aig ,MI*AEL ,HUB]MAN REA*$ ! SAME CONCLUSION = ! MAJORITY ( C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD4 ,9 ,BRITA91 IGNOR+ COMPLETELY ! UNIV]SITY ASPECT1 WE SP5D TWICE AS MU* ON ! SECOND>Y S*OOL LIFE ( A GRAMM>-S*OOL SIX? =M] AS ON A SECOND>Y MOD]N S*OOL-,IEAV]1 :ILE1 IF WE DO 9CLUDE UNIV]SITY EXP5DITURE1 WE SP5D AS MU* ON AN UND]GRADUATE 9 ONE YE> AS ON A NORMAL S*OOL*ILD ?R\<\T HIS LIFE4 0,:ILE ! HI<E/ SOCIAL GR\P B5EFIT SEV5TE5 TIMES AS MU* AS ! L[E/ GR\P FROM ! EXP5DITURE ON UNIV]SITIES1 !Y ONLY CONTRIBUTE FIVE TIMES AS MU* REV5UE40 ,WE MAY ?US CONCLUDE ?AT ONE SIGNIFICANT ROLE ( ! /ATE 9 ! $UCATION SY/EMS ( ! WORLD IS TO P]PETUATE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 9JU/ICE4 

,Y\ CAN SEE :Y ONE CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ $UCATOR1 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 SUGGE/S ?AT IT W\LD BE SIMPL]1 *EAP] & FAIR] TO DISMANTLE ! SY/EM & GIVE EA* KID HIS OR H] %>E ( ! $UCATION MONEY4 ,GOODMAN'S PROGRAM IS DEVA/AT+LY SIMPLE4 ,= ! Y\NG *ILD PROVIDE A 0PROTECTIVE & LIFE-N\RI%+ 5VIRONM5T1 BY DEC5TRALIZ+ ! S*OOL 9TO SMALL UNITS ( TW5TY TO FIFTY 9 AVAILABLE %OPFRONTS OR CLUBH\SES1 ) CLASS ATT5DANCES NOT COMPULSORY4 ,L9K ! S*OOL ) ECONOMICALLY M>G9AL F>MS :]E CITY KIDS CAN GO = A C\PLE ( MON?S A YE>4 ,= OLD] *ILDR53  
  

,PROBABLY AN EV5 BETT] MODEL W\LD BE ! ,A!NIAN P$AGOGUE T\R+ ! CITY ) HIS *>GES2 BUT = ?IS ! /REETS & WORK+-PLACES ( ! CITY MU/ BE MADE SAF] & MORE AVAILABLE ?AN IS LIKELY4 7,! PR]EQUISITE ( CITY-PLANN+ IS = ! *ILDR5 TO BE ABLE TO USE ! CITY1 = NO CITY IS GOV]NABLE IF IT DOES NOT GR[ CITIZ5S :O FEEL IT IS !IRS47 ,! GOAL ( ELEM5T>Y P$AGOGY IS A V]Y MODE/ ONE3 IT IS = A SMALL *ILD1 UND] HIS [N /EAM1 TO POKE 9T]E/+LY 9TO :ATEV] GOES ON & BE ABLE1 BY OBS]VATION1 QUE/IONS & PRACTICAL IMITATION1 TO GET SOME?+ \T ( IT 9 HIS [N T]MS4 ,9 \R SOCIETY ?IS HAPP5S PRETTY WELL AT HOME UP TO AGE F\R1 BUT AFT] ?AT IT BECOMES =BIDD+LY DIFFICULT4.<#a#c.>  
  

,TE*NICAL $UCATION1 HE BELIEVES1 IS BE/ UND]TAK5 ON ! JOB =1 PROVID$ ?AT 0! Y\NG HAVE OPTIONS & CAN ORGANIZE & CRITICIZE1 ON ! JOB $UCATION IS ! QUICKE/ WAY TO WORK]S' MANAGEM5T04 ,UNIV]SITY $UCATION 0IS = ADULTS :O ALREADY KN[ SOME?+04 

,GOODMAN P$DL$ HIS IDEAS ( 9CID5TAL $UCATION 9 & \T ( SEASON = MO/ ( HIS WRIT+ LIFE1 BUT ONLY V]Y REC5TLY HAVE PEOPLE BEGUN TO TAKE !M S]I\SLY4 ,:AT HAS *ANG$ ! CLIMATE HAS BE5 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! /UD5TS' REVOLT1 & ! $UCATIONAL CRISIS ( ! ,AM]ICAN CITIES -- ) MORE & MORE EXP5DITURE PROVID+ LESS & LESS EFFECTIVE $UCATION1 & ! IMPACT ( $UCATIONAL ?9K]S FROM ! ,?IRD ,WORLD LIKE ,IVAN ,ILLI* & ,PAOLO ,FREIRE :O HAVE %[N H[ TOTALLY 9APPROPRIATE TO REAL SOCIAL NE$S ! /&>D PATT]N ( S*OOL & UNIV]SITY >E4 ,EV]Y:]E EXP]IM5TS >E BE+ MADE TO BREAK AWAY FROM ! /RAITJACKET ( ,ILLI*'S DEF9ITION ( S*OOL AS ! 0AGE-SPECIFIC1 TEA*]-RELAT$ PROCESS REQUIR+ FULL-TIME ATT5DANCE AT AN OBLIGATORY CURRICULUM04 ,:AT 9HIBITS SU* EXP]IM5TS IS PRECISELY ! EXI/5CE ( ! (FICIAL SY/EM :I* PREEMPTS ! OPTIONS ( ! CITIZ5S :O >E OBLIG$ TO F9ANCE IT1 SO ?AT ALT]NATIVES >E DEP5D5T ON ! M>G9AL 9COME ( POT5TIAL US]S4 ,:5 ! ,SCOTL& ,ROAD ,FREE ,S*OOL 9 ,LIV]POOL ASK$ ! $UCATION AU?ORITY = SOME V]Y MODE/ ASSI/ANCE 9 ! =M ( EQUIPM5T1 ONE MEMB] ( ! ,$UCATION ,COMMITTEE DECL>$ ?AT 0WE >E BE+ ASK$ TO WEAK5 ! FABRIC ( :AT WE \RSELVES >E SUPPOS$ TO BE SUPPORT+ 444 ,WE MI<T F9I% UP ) ! FACT ?AT NO *ILDR5 WILL WANT TO GO TO \R S*OOLS40 

,! AN>*I/ APPROA* TO $UCATION IS GR\ND$1 NOT 9 A CONTEMPT = LE>N+1 BUT 9 A RESPECT = ! LE>N]4 ,DANILO ,DOLEI TOLD ME ( 5C\NT]+ 0B&ITS0 9 ,SICILY :OSE ONE CONTACT ) 0$UCATION0 WAS LE>N+ TO READ FROM AN AN>*I/ FELL[-PRISON] 9 JAIL4 ,>TURO ,B>EA RECALL$ FROM HIS *ILDHOOD 9 ,MADRID TWO POV]TY-/RICK5 AN>*I/ P$AGOGUES4 ,ONE1 ! ,P5NY ,TEA*] LIV$ 9 A HUT MADE ( PETROL CANS 9 ! ,B>RIO DE LAS ,9JURIAS4 ,A HORDE ( RAGG$ PUPILS SQUATT$ R\ND HIM 9 ! OP5 TO LE>N ! ,A,B,C AT T5 C5TIMOS A MON?4 ,! O!R1 ! ,SA9T ) ! ,BE>D1 US$ TO HOLD HIS CLASSES 9 EX*ANGE = HIS PUPILS' COLLECTION ( CIG>ETTE-5DS 9 ! ,PLAZA ,MAYOR4 ,! ,P5NY ,TEA*] WAS S5T TO PRISON AS AN AN>*I/ & DI$ !RE4 ,! ,SA9T ) ! ,BE>D WAS W>N$ (F FROM HIS CORN] & DISAPPE>$4 ,BUT HE TURN$ UP AGA9 EV5TUALLY & W5T ON SECRETLY L5D+ TATT]$ BOOKS TO HIS PUPILS1 = ! LOVE ( READ+4 

,! MO/ DEVA/AT+ CRITICISM WE CAN MAKE ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM IS ?AT ITS EFFECTS >E PR(\NDLY ANTI-$UCATIONAL4 ,9 ,BRITA91 AT FIVE YE>S OLD1 MO/ *ILDR5 CANNOT WAIT TO GET 9TO S*OOL4 ,AT FIFTE51 MO/ CANNOT WAIT TO GET \T4 ,ON ! DAY ,I AM WRIT+1 \R BIGGE/-SELL+ NEWSPAP] DEVOTES ITS FRONT PAGE TO A PHOTOGRAPH ( A ?IRTE5-YE>-OLD TRUANT1 ) HIS COMM5T1 0,! WORSE P>T IS ,I ?\<T ,I ONLY HAD ANO!R TWO YE>S TO SWEAT \T1 !N !Y PUT ! LEAV+ AGE UP TO SIXTE54 ,?AT'S :5 ,I ?\<T1 SOD IT40 ,! LIKELIE/ LEV] = *ANGE 9 ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM WILL COME1 NOT FROM CRITICISM OR EXAMPLE FROM \TSIDE1 BUT FROM PRESSURE FROM BEL[4 ,!RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A PROPORTION ( PUPILS :O ATT5D UNWILL+LY1 :O RES5T ! AU?ORITY ( ! S*OOL & ITS >BITR>Y REGULATIONS1 & :O PUT A L[ VALUE ON ! PROCESSES ( $UCATION BECAUSE !IR [N EXP]I5CE TELLS !M ?AT IT IS AN OB/ACLE RACE 9 :I* !Y >E SO (T5 ! LOS]S ?AT !Y W\LD BE MUGS TO 5T] ! COMPETITION4 ,?IS IS :AT S*OOL HAS TAU<T !M1 & :5 ?IS >MY ( ALSO-RANS1 NO LONG] C[$ BY ?REATS1 NO LONG] AM5ABLE TO CAJOL]Y1 NO LONG] TO BE BLUDGEON$ BY PHYSICAL VIOL5CE 9TO SULL5 ACQUIESC5CE GR[S L>GE 5\< TO PREV5T ! S*OOL FROM FUNCTION+ ) EV5 ! SEMBLANCE ( RELEVANCE OR EFFECTIV5ESS1 ! $UCATIONAL REVOLUTION WILL BEG94 

,AT ! OPPOSITE 5D ( ! $UCATIONAL SPECTRUM1 ! UNIV]SITY1 ! PROCESS ( R5EWAL ?R\< SECESSION HAS ANCI5T HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS4 ,OX=D WAS />T$ BY SEC$+ ,5GLI% /UD5TS FROM ,P>IS1 ,CAMBRIDGE BY S*OL>S :O FL$ FROM ,OX=D1 ,LONDON BY DISS5T]S :O C\LD NOT ACCEPT ! RELIGI\S QUALIFICATIONS REQUIR$ BY ,OX=D & ,CAMBRIDGE4 ,BUT ! MO/ P]FECT AN>*I/ MODEL = A UNIV]SITY COMES FROM ,SPA94 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T1 DOM9AT$ !N AS N[1 BY ! ,*UR*1 DISMISS$ SOME LEAD+ UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS4 ,A FEW ( !M />T$ A 0FREE0 S*OOL = HI<] /UDIES1 !  
,9/ITUEION ,LIBRE DE ,5S5ANZA & >\ND ?IS >OSE ! SO-CALL$ 0,G5]ATION ( '#i#h0 ! SMALL GR\P ( 9TELLECTUALS :O1 P>ALLEL+ ! GR[? ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS ( ?AT TIME1 S\<T TO DIAGNOSE ! /IFL+ 9]TIA1 HYPOCRISY & CORRUPTION ( ,SPANI% LIFE -- ! >T CRITIC & TEA*] ,MANUEL ,COSSIO1 ! PHILOSOPH]S ,UNAMUNO & ,ORTEGA Y ,GASSET1 ! ECONOMI/ ,JOACQU9 ,CO/A 7:O SUMM$ UP HIS PROGRAM = ,SPA9 9 ! PHRASE S*OOL & L>D]7 ! POET ,ANTONIO ,MA*ADO & ! NOVELI/ ,PIO ,B>OJA4 ,! ,9/ITUCION HAD AN EV5 MORE REM>KABLE (FSPR+1 ! ,RESID5CIA DE ,E/UDIANTES1 OR ,RESID5TIAL ,COLLEGE = ,/UD5TS1 F\ND$ BY ,ALB]TO ,JIM5EZ 9 #a#i#a4 ,G]ALD ,BR5AN GIVES US A FASC9AT+ GLIMPSE ( ! ,RESID5CIA3  
  

,H]E1 OV] A LONG C\RSE ( YE>S1 ,UNAMUNO1 ,COSSIO & ,ORTEGA TAU<T1 WALK+ AB\T ! G>D5 OR SITT+ 9 ! %ADE ( ! TREES 9 ! MANN] ( ! ANCI5T PHILOSOPH]S3 H]E ,JUAN ,RAMON ,JIM5EZ WROTE & RECIT$ HIS POEMS1 & H]E TOO A LAT] G5]ATION ( POETS1 AMONG !M ,G>CIA ,LORCA & ,ALB]TI1 LE>N$ !IR TRADE1 COM+ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! S*OOL ( MUSIC & FOLK SONG :I* ,$U>DO ,M>T9EZ ,TOM] ORGANIZ$4 ,NEV]1 ,I ?9K1 S9CE ! E>LY ,MIDDLE ,AGES HAS AN $UCATIONAL E/ABLI%M5T PRODUC$ SU* A/ONI%+ RESULTS ON ! LIFE ( A NATION1 = IT WAS L>GELY BY MEANS ( ! ,9/ITUCION & !  
,RESID5CIA ?AT ,SPANI% CULTURE WAS RAIS$ SUDD5LY TO A LEVEL IT HAD NOT KN[N = ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S4.<#a#d.>  
  

,LORCA1 ,DALI & ,BUNUEL W]E FELL[ /UD5TS AT ! ,RESID5CIA2 A TRUE COMMUNITY ( S*OL>S ) A G5U9E FUNCTION 9 ! COMMUNITY IT S]V$4 ,! ONLY P>ALLELS ,I CAN ?9K ( >E ! ONE-TIME ,BLACK ,M\NTA9 ,COLLEGE 9 ! ,U,S1 & ! ANNUAL TWO-DAY ,HI/ORY ,WORK%OP AT ,RUSK9 ,COLLEGE1 ,OX=D 7SIGNIFICANTLY NOT A P>T ( ! UNIV]SITY71 :]E AT A CO/ ( #e,OP EA* A ?\S& /UD5TS & TEA*]S GA!R TO PRES5T & DISCUSS ORIG9AL RESE>* 9 AN ATMOSPH]E LIKE ?AT ( A POP FE/IVAL4 ,IT IS A FE/IVAL ( S*OL>%IP1 F> AWAY FROM ! WORLD ( VISE-*ANCELLORS & ACADEMIC BO>DS1 RUNN+ A F9I%+ S*OOL = ! BOR$ ASPIRANTS = PRIVILEG$ JOBS 9 ! M]ITOCRACY4 

,9 ! WORLD-WIDE /UD5T REVOLT ( ! LATE #a#i#fS1 FROM ONE UNIV]SITY AFT] ANO!R C>NE ! COMM5T ?AT ! P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y SELF-GOV]NM5T WAS ! ONE G5U9ELY $UCATIONAL EXP]I5CE ?AT ! /UD5TS HAD 5C\NT]$4 0,HE HAD LE>N$ MORE 9 ?OSE SIX WEEKS ?AN 9 F\R YE>S ( CLASSES10 7,DWI<T ,MACDONALD ON A ,COLUMBIA /UD5T72 0,EV]YONE IS A RI*] P]SON = ! EXP]I5CE & HAS 5RI*$ ! COMMUNITY BY IT10 7,L,S,E /UD5T72 0,! LA/ T5 DAYS HAVE BE5 ! MO/ REW>D+ ( MY :OLE UNIV]SITY C>E]10 7PET] ,T[NS5D ( ,ESSEX ,UNIV]SITY72 0,?IS G5]ATION ( ,HULL /UD5TS HAS HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE P>T 9 EV5TS :I* MAY WELL BE ! MO/ VALUABLE P>T ( !IR UNIV]SITY LIVES10 7,DAVID ,RUB9/E9 ON ,HULL74 ,AT ,HOMSEY ,COLLEGE ( ,>T ONE LECTUR] SAID1 0,IT'S ! GREATE/ $UCATIONAL ?+ ,I'VE EV] KN[N10 & ANO!R CALL$ IT 0A SURGE ( CREATIVITY UNHE>D ( 9 ! ANNALS ( HI<] $UCATION04 

,:AT A DELICI\S1 BUT PR$ICTABLE IRONY1 ?AT REAL $UCATION1 SELF-$UCATION1 %\LD ONLY COME FROM LOCK+ \T OR IGNOR+ ! EXP5SIVE ACADEMIC HI]>*Y4 ,! /UD5TS' REVOLT WAS A MICROCOSM ( AN>*Y1 SPONTANE\S1 SELF-DIRECT$ ACTIVITY REPLAC+ ! P[] /RUCTURE BY A NETWORK ( AUTONOM\S GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,:AT ! /UD5TS EXP]I5C$ WAS ?AT S5SE ( LIB]ATION ?AT COMES FROM TAK+ Y\R [N DECISIONS & ASSUM+ Y\R [N RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,IT IS AN EXP]I5CE ?AT WE NE$ TO C>RY F> BEYOND ! PRIVILEG$ WORLD ( HI<] $UCATION1 9TO ! FACTORY1 ! NEI<BORHOOD1 ! DAILY LIVES ( PEOPLE EV]Y:]E4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiie 3 ,*APT] #i - ,S*OOLS ,NO ,LONG] -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #b#b1 #bai 3 ,*APT] #i - ,S*OOLS ,NO ,LONG] -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/