,*APT] #g - ,WE ,H\SE1 ,Y\ ,>E ,H\S$1 ,!Y ,>E ,HOMELESS 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] ,V,I,I4 ,WE ,H\SE1 ,Y\ ,>E ,H\S$1 ,!Y ,>E ,HOMELESS 

  
  

,9 ,5GLI%1 ! WORD 0H\S+0 CAN BE US$ AS A N\N OR AS A V]B4 ,:5 US$ AS A N\N1 H\S+ DESCRIBES A COMMODITY OR PRODUCT4 ,! V]B 0TO H\SE0 DESCRIBES ! PROCESS OR ACTIVITY ( H\S+ 444 

,H\S+ PROBLEMS >E DEF9$ BY MAT]IAL /&>DS1 & H\S+ VALUES >E JUDG$ BY ! MAT]IAL QUANTITY ( RELAT$ PRODUCTS1 SU* AS PR(IT OR EQUITY4 ,FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( A C5TRAL PLANN] OR AN (FICIAL DESIGN] OR ADM9I/RATOR1 !SE >E SELF-EVID5T TRU?S 444 

,ACCORD+ TO ?OSE = :OM H\S+ IS AN ACTIVITY1 !SE CONCLUSIONS >E ABSURD4 ,!Y FAIL TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 :AT ?+S >E1 MAT]IALLY SPEAK+1 & :AT !Y DO 9 PEOPLE'S LIVES4 ,?IS BL9DNESS1 :I* P]VADES ALL 9/ITUTIONS ( MOD]N SOCIETY EXPLA9S ! /UPIDITY ( TE>+ D[N 0SUB-/&>D0 H\SES OR 0SLUMS0 :5 !IR OCCUPANTS HAVE NO O!R PLACE TO GO BUT ! REMA9+ SLUMS1 UNLESS1 ( C\RSE1 !Y >E =C$ TO CREATE NEW SLUMS FROM PREVI\SLY 0/&>D0 HOMES4 ,?IS BL9DNESS ALSO EXPLA9S ! MON/R\S 0L[-CO/0 PROJECTS 7:I* ALMO/ ALWAYS TURN \T TO HAVE V]Y HI< CO/S = ! PUBLIC AS WELL AS = ! UN=TUNATE 0B5EFICI>IES074  
  
  

,JOHN ,TURN]1 0,H\S+ AS A ,V]B0 9 ,FRE$OM TO ,BULID 

,\RS IS A SOCIETY 9 :I*1 9 EV]Y FIELD1 ONE GR\P ( PEOPLE MAKES DECISIONS1 EX]CISES CONTROL1 LIMITS *OICES1 :ILE ! GREAT MAJORITY HAVE TO ACCEPT !SE DECISIONS1 SUBMIT TO ?IS CONTROL & ACT )9 ! LIMITS ( !SE EXT]NALLY IMPOS$ *OICES4 ,NO:]E IS ?IS MORE EVID5T ?AN 9 ! FIELD ( H\S+3 ONE ( ?OSE BASIC HUMAN NE$S :I* ?R\<\T HI/ORY & ALL OV] ! WORLD PEOPLE HAVE SATISFI$ AS WELL AS !Y C\LD = !MSELVES1 US+ ! MAT]IALS ?AT W]E AT H& & !IR [N1 & !IR NEI<BORS' LABOR4 ,! M>VEL\SLY RES\RCEFUL ANONYM\S V]NACUL> >*ITECTURE ( EV]Y P>T ( ! GLOBE IS A TE/IMONY TO !IR SKILL1 US+ TIMB]1 /RAW1 GRASS1 LEAVES1 HIDES1 /ONE1 CLAY1 BONE1 E>?1 MUD & EV5 SN[4 ,CONSID] ! IGLOO3 MAXIMUM 5CLOSURE ( SPACE ) M9IMUM ( LABOR4 ,CO/ ( MAT]IALS & TRANSPORTATION1 NIL4 ,& ALL MADE ( WAT]4 ,N[ADAYS1 ( C\RSE1 ! ESKIMOS LIVE ON WELF>E H&\TS 9 LITTLE NOR!RN SLUMS4 ,MAN1 AS ,HABRAK5 SAYS1 0NO LONG] H\SES HIMSELF3 HE IS H\S$40.<#g#h.> 

,EV5 TODAY 0A ?IRD ( ! WORLD'S PEOPLE H\SE !MSELVES ) !IR [N H&S1 SOMETIMES 9 ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T & PR(ESSIONAL 9T]V5TION1 SOMETIMES 9 SPITE ( IT40.<#g#i.> ,9 ! RI* NATIONS ! MORE ADVANCES ?AT >E MADE 9 BUILD+ TE*NOLOGY & ! MORE COMPLEX ! F9ANCIAL PROVISION ?AT IS MADE = H\S+1 ! MORE 9TRACTABLE ! 0PROBLEM0 BECOMES4 ,9 NEI!R ,BRITA9 NOR ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS HUGE PUBLIC 9VE/M5T 9 H\S+ PROGRAMS MET ! NE$S ( ! POORE/ CITIZ5S4 ,9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES ( ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA ! 5ORM\S MOVEM5T ( POPULATION 9TO ! BIG CITIES DUR+ ! LA/ TWO DECADES HAS RESULT$ 9 ! GR[? ( HUGE P]IPH]AL SQUATT] SETTLEM5TS >\ND ! EXI/+ CITIES1 9HABIT$ BY ! 09VISIBLE0 PEOPLE :O HAVE NO (FICIAL URBAN EXI/5CE4 ,PAT ,CROOKE PO9TS \T ?AT CITIES GR[ & DEVELOP ON TWO LEVELS1 ! (FICIAL1 !ORETICAL LEVEL & ! POPUL>1 ACTUAL1 UN(FICIAL LEVEL1 & ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION ( MANY ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN CITIES >E UN(FICIAL CITIZ5S ) A 0POPUL> ECONOMY0 \TSIDE ! 9/ITUTIONAL F9ANCIAL /RUCTURE ( ! CITY4 ,H]E IS ,B>B>A ,W>D'S DESCRIPTION ( !SE UN(FICIAL CITIES1 COLONIAL PROLET>IAS AS !Y >E CALL$ 9 ,MEXICO1 B>RIADAS 9 ,P]U1 G\RBIVILLES 9 ,TUNIS1 BU/EES 9 ,9DIA1 GECEKONDU 9 ,TURKEY1 RAN*OS 9 ,V5EZUELA3  
  

,DRIVE FROM ! NEO-FUNCTIONAL GLASS & CONCRETE ( ANY BIG-CITY AIRPORT 9 ! DEVELOP+ WORLD TO ! NEO-FUNCTIONAL GLASS & CONCRETE ( ! LATE/ BIG-CITY HOTEL & SOME:]E 9 BETWE5 Y\ >E B\ND TO PASS ONE OR O!R ( ! SECTORS 9 :I* HALF & MORE ( ! CITY-DWELL]S >E CONDEMN$ TO LIVE4 

,SOMETIMES ! MOD]N HI<WAY PASSES ABOVE !M4 ,LOOK+ D[N1 ! TRAVEL] CAT*ES A GLIMPSE1 UND] A PALL ( SMOKE FROM COOK+ POTS 9 BACK-Y>DS1 ( MILE ON MILE ( LITTLE ALLEYS SNAK+ ?R\< D5SELY PACK$ HUTS ( /RAW1 CRUMBL+ BRICK OR BEAT5 T9 CANS4 ,OR ! MA9 ROAD SLICES ?R\< SOME PREEXI/5T *ANTY-T[N &1 = A BRIEF SPAN1 ! VISITOR LOOKS D[N ! 5DLESS L5G? ( R[S ( HUTS1 SEES ! HOLES1 ! MUD1 ! RUBBI% 9 ! ALLEYWAYS1 SK9NY *ICK5S PICK+ 9 ! DIRT1 MULTITUDES ( NE>LY NAK$ *ILDR51 HAIR MATT$1 EYES DULL1 SP9DLY LEGS1 &1 ABOVE !M1 PA!TIC L9ES ( RAGS & TORN G>M5TS /RUNG UP TO DRY BETWE5 ! /UNT$ TREES4.<#h.>  
  

,WELL1 ?AT IS H[ IT LOOKS TO ! VISITOR4 ,! LOCAL (FICIAL CITIZ5S DON'T EV5 NOTICE ! 9VISIBLE CITY4 ,BUT DOES IT FEEL LIKE ?AT ON ! GR\ND TO ! 9HABITANT1 MAK+ A PLACE ( HIS [N1 AS A PHYSICAL FOO?OLD 9 URBAN LIFE & ! URBAN ECONOMY8 ,! (FICIAL VIEW1 FROM CITY (FICIALS1 GOV]NM5TS1 NEWSPAP]M51 & 9T]NATIONAL AG5CIES1 IS ?AT SU* SETTLEM5TS >E ! BRE$+-GR\NDS = EV]Y K9D ( CRIME1 VISE1 DISEASE1 SOCIAL & FAMILY DISORGANIZATION4 ,H[ C\LD !Y NOT BE S9CE !Y SPRANG UP )\T (FICIAL SANCTION OR F9ANCE & AS ! RESULT ( ILLEGAL SEIZURE ( L&8 ,! REALITY IS DIFF]5T3  
  

,T5 YE>S ( WORK 9 ,P]UVIAN B>RIADAS 9DICATES ?AT SU* A VIEW IS GROSSLY 9ACCURATE3 AL?\< IT S]VES SOME VE/$ POLITICAL & BUREAUCRATIC 9T]E/S1 IT BE>S LITTLE RELATION TO REALITY 1 44 ,9/EAD ( *AOS & DISORGANIZATION1 ! EVID5CE 9/EAD PO9TS TO HI<LY ORGANIZ$ 9VASIONS ( PUBLIC L& 9 ! FACE ( VIOL5T POLICE OPPOSITION1 9T]NAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ) YE>LY LOCAL ELECTIONS1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE LIV+ TOGE!R 9 AN ORD]LY FA%ION ) NO POLICE PROTECTION OR PUBLIC S]VICES1 ,! ORIG9AL /RAW H\SES CON/RUCT$ DUR+ ! 9VASIONS >E CONV]T$ AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE 9TO BRICK & CEM5T /RUCTURES ) AN 9VE/M5T TOTAL+ MILLIONS ( DOLL>S 9 LABOR & MAT]IALS1 ,EMPLOYM5T RATES1 WAGES1 LIT]ACY1 & $UCATIONAL LEVELS >E ALL HI<] ?AN 9 C5TRAL CITY SLUMS 7FROM :I* MO/  
B>RIADA RESID5TS HAVE ESCAP$7 & HI<] ?AN ! NATIONAL AV]AGE4 ,CRIME1 JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY1 PRO/ITUTION & GAMBL+ >E R>E1 EXCEPT = PETTY ?IEV]Y1 ! 9CID5CE ( :I* IS SEEM+LY SMALL] ?AN 9 O!R P>TS ( !1 CITY4.<#h#a.>  
  

,SU* REPORTS C\LD BE QUOT$ FROM ! SQUATT] EXP]I5CE ( MANY P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,!SE AU?ORS1 ,JOHN ,TURN] & ,WILLIAM ,MANG91 ASK ! OBVI\S QUE/ION3 CAN ! B>RIADA -- A SELF-HELP1 MASS MIGRATION COMMUNITY DEVELOPM5T BY ! POOR1 BE EXPORT$ TO1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES3 ',SOME OBS]V]S1 UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,P]U1 ,BRAZIL1 ,*ILI1 ,TURKEY1 ,GREECE & ,NIG]IA HAD ADOPT$ ! B>RIADA MOVEM5TS AS A POLICY = SOLV+ !SE SAME PROBLEMS1 HAVE ?\<T ! ,U,S C\LD DO ! SAME1 ,9 FACT1 !SE GOV]NM5TS' MA9 ROLE 9 B>RIADA =MATION HAS BE5 !IR LACK ( ABILITY TO PREV5T MASS 9VASIONS ( L&4 ,!Y >E SIMPLY NOT P[]FUL 5\< NOR SURE 5\< ( !IR [N SURVIVAL TO PREV5T 9VASIONS BY =CE4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! GOV]NM5T IS FIRMLY 5TR5*$ & C\LD PREV5T SU* ACTION4 ,MOREOV]1 EV]Y PIECE ( L& IS [N$ BY SOMEONE1 USUALLY ) A CLE> TITLE444'.<#h#b.> ,!Y PO9T TOO TO ! LESSONS ( ,OSC> ,LEWIS'S ,! ,CULTURE ( ,POV]TY3 ?AT PUTT+ PEOPLE 9TO GOV]NM5T H\S+ PROJECTS DOES LITTLE TO HALT ! ECONOMIC CYCLE 9 :I* !Y >E 5TRAPP$1 :ILE ':5 PEOPLE MOVE ON !IR [N1 SEIZE L&1 & BUILD !IR [N H\SES & COMMUNITIES1 IT HAS CONSID]ABLE EFFECT'4 ,LEWIS'S EVID5CE %[S ?AT MANY SOCIAL /R5G?S1 AS WELL AS 'PREC>I\S BUT REAL ECONOMIC SECURITY' W]E LO/ :5 PEOPLE W]E MOV$ FROM ! SELF-CREAT$ COMMUNITIES ( ,SAN ,JUAN 9TO PUBLIC H\S+ PROJECTS4 ',! R5TS & ! 9ITIAL 9VE/M5T = PUBLIC H\S+ >E HI<1 AT ! PRECISE TIME ! FAMILY CAN LEA/ AF=D TO PAY4 ,MOREOV]1 PUBLIC H\S+ IS CREAT$ BY >*ITECTS1 PLANN]S1 & ECONOMI/S :O W\LD NOT BE CAU<T DEAD LIV+ 9 IT1 SO ?AT ! 9HABITANTS FEEL NO PSY*OLOGICAL OR SPIRITUAL CLAIM ON IT4'.<#h#c.> 

,9 ! ,U,S1 ,TURN] & ,MANG9 CONCLUDE1 ! AG5CIES ?AT >E SUPPOS$LY HELP+ ! POOR1 9 ! LI<T ( ,P]UVIAN EXP]I5CE1 ACTUALLY SEEM TO BE KEEP+ !M POOR4 

,! POOR ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD *ANTY-T[NS1 ACT+ AN>*ICALLY1 BECAUSE NO AU?ORITY IS P[]FUL 5\< TO PREV5T !M FROM DO+ SO1 HAVE ?REE FRE$OMS :I* ! POOR ( ! RI* WORLD HAVE LO/4 ,AS ,JOHN ,TURN] PUTS IT1 !Y HAVE ! FRE$OM ( COMMUNITY SELF-SELECTION1 ! FRE$OM TO BUDGET ONE'S [N RES\RCES & ! FRE$OM TO %APE ONE'S [N 5VIRONM5T4 ,9 ! RI* WORLD1 EV]Y BIT ( L& BELONGS TO SOMEONE1 :O HAS ! LAW & ! AG5TS ( LAW-5=CEM5T FIRMLY ON HIS SIDE4 ,BUILD+ REGULATIONS & PLANN+ LEGISLATION >E RIGIDLY 5=C$1 UNLESS Y\ HAPP5 TO BE A DEVELOP] :O CAN HIRE >*ITECTS & NEGOTIATORS %REWD 5\< TO F9D A WAY R\ND !M OR :O CAN DO A DEAL ) ! AU?ORITIES4 

,9 LOOK+ = P>ALLELS 9 ,BRITI% EXP]I5CE1 :AT EXACTLY >E WE SEEK+8 ,IF IT IS = EXAMPLES ( DEFIANCE ( ! SACR$ RI<TS ( PROP]TY1 !RE >E EXAMPLES ALL ?R\< \R HI/ORY4 ,IF Y\ GO BACK F> 5\<1 ALL \R ANCE/ORS MU/ HAVE BE5 SQUATT]S & !RE HAVE CONT9UALLY BE5 MOVEM5TS TO ASS]T PEOPLE'S RI<TS TO !IR %>E ( ! L&4 ,9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY A HOMELESS P]SON C\LD APPLY TO ! ,QU>T] ,SESSIONS :O1 ) ! CONS5T ( ! T[N%IP CONC]N$1 C\LD GRANT HIM P]MISSION TO BUILD A H\SE ) A SMALL G>D5 ON ! COMMON L&4 ,! ,DIGG] ,MOVEM5T DUR+ ! ,COMMONWEAL? ASS]T$ ?IS RI<T AT ,GEORGE'S ,HILL NE> ,WEYBRIDGE1 & ,CROMWELL'S TROOPS BURNT D[N !IR H\SES4 ,\R HI/ORY MU/ BE FULL ( UNRECORD$ EXAMPLES ( SQUATT]S :O W]E PRUD5T 5\< TO LET IT BE ASSUM$ ?AT !Y HAD TITLE TO ! L&4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY FULL ( EXAMPLES ( ! !FT ( ! COMMON L& BY ! RI* & P[]FU,L ,IF WE >E LOOK+ = EXAMPLES ( PEOPLE BUILD+ = !MSELVES1 SELF-BUILD H\S+ SOCIETIES >E A CONTEMPOR>Y ONE4 ,IF IT IS SIMPLY ! APPLICATION ( POPUL> DIRECT ACTION 9 ! FIELD ( H\S+1 AP>T FROM ! SQUATT] MOVEM5T ( #a#i#d#f1 MASS R5T /RIKES1 LIKE ?OSE 9 ,GLASG[ 9 #aiae OR 9 ,EA/ ,LONDON 9 #a#i#c#h1 >E ! MO/ NOTABLE EXAMPLES1 & !RE >E C]TA9LY GO+ TO BE MORE 9 ! FUTURE4 

,AT ! TIME ( ! #aidf SQUATT+ CAMPAIGN1 ,I CATEGORIZ$ ! /AGES OR PHASES COMMON TO ALL EXAMPLES ( POPUL> DIRECT ACTION 9 H\S+ 9 A NON-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,FIR/LY1 9ITIATIVE1 ! 9DIVIDUAL ACTION OR DECISION ?AT BEG9S ! CAMPAIGN1 ! SP>K ?AT />TS ! BLAZE4 ,SECONDLY1 CONSOLIDATION1 :5 ! MOVEM5T SPREADS SUFFICI5TLY TO CON/ITUTE A ?REAT TO PROP]TY RI<TS & BECOMES BIG 5\< TO AVOID BE+ SNUFF$ \T BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,?IRDLY1 SUCCESS1 :5 ! AU?ORITIES HAVE TO CONC$E TO ! MOVEM5T :AT IT HAS WON4 ,F9ALLY1 (FICIAL ACTION1 USUALLY UND]TAK5 UNWILL+LY TO PLACATE ! POPUL> DEM&1 OR TO 9CORPORATE IT 9 ! /ATUS QUO4 .<#h#d.> 

,! #aidf CAMPAIGN WAS BAS$ ON ! L>GE-SCALE SEIZURE ( >MY CAMPS EMPTI$ AT ! 5D ( ! W>4 ,IT />T$ 9 ,MAY ( ?AT YE> :5 SOME HOMELESS FAMILIES 9 ,L9COLN%IRE OCCUPI$ AN EMPTY CAMP1 & IT SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE UNTIL HUNDR$S ( CAMPS W]E SEIZ$ 9 EV]Y P>T ( ,BRITA94 ,BY ,OCTOB] #a1#c#h CAMPS HAD BE5 OCCUPI$ BY #d1 FAMILIES 9 ,5GL& & ,WALES1 & ANO!R #e1 FAMILIES 9 ,SCOTL&4 ,?AT MON?1 ,ANEUR9 ,BEVAN1 ! ,M9I/] ( ,HEAL? :O WAS RESPONSIBLE = ! GOV]NM5T'S H\S+ PROGRAM1 ACCUS$ ! SQUATT]S ( 0JUMP+ !IR PLACE 9 ! H\S+ QUEUE04 ,9 FACT1 ( C\RSE1 !Y W]E JUMP+ RI<T \T ( ! QUEUE BY MOV+ 9TO BUILD+S :I* W\LD NOT O!RWISE HAVE BE5 US$ = H\S+ PURPOSES4 ,!N SUDD5LY ! ,M9I/RY ( ,WORKS1 :I* HAD PREVI\SLY DECL>$ ITSELF NOT 9T]E/$1 F\ND IT POSSIBLE TO (F] ! ,M9I/RY ( ,HEAL? #he =M] S]VICE CAMPS1 & SQUATT+ BECAME 0(FICIAL04 

,SOME ( ! ORIG9AL SQUATT] COMMUNITIES LA/$ = YE>S4 ,OV] A HUNDR$ FAMILIES1 :O 9 #aidf OCCUPI$ A CAMP KN[N AS ,FIELD ,F>M 9 ,OX=D%IRE1 /AY$ TOGE!R & TWELVE YE>S LAT] W]E F9ALLY REH\S$ 9 ! NEW VILLAGE ( ,B]9SFIELD ON ! SAME SITE4 

,A V]Y REVEAL+ ACC\NT ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! 0(FICIAL0 & ! 0UN(FICIAL0 SQUATT]S COMES FROM A NEWSPAP] ACC\NT ( A CAMP 9 ,LANCA%IRE AFT] ! FIR/ W9T]3  
  

,!RE >E TWO CAMPS )9 ! CAMP -- ! (FICIAL SQUATT]S 7?AT IS ! PEOPLE PLAC$ 9 ! HUTS AFT] ! FIR/ 9VASION7 & ! UN(FICIAL SQUATT]S 7! VET]ANS1 :O HAVE BE5 ALL[$ TO REMA9 ON SUFF]ANCE74 ,BO? PAY ! SAME R5T ( #aS A WEEK -- BUT !RE ! SIMIL>ITY 5DS4 ,AL?\< ONE W\LD HAVE IMAG9$ ?AT ! ACCEPTANCE ( R5T FROM BO? %\LD ACCORD !M ID5TICAL PRIVILEGES1 9 FACT1 IT DOES NOT4 ,WORKM5 HAVE PUT UP P>TITIONS 9 ! HUTS ( ! (FICIAL SQUATT]S -- & HAVE PUT 9 S9KS & O!R NUM]\S CONV5I5CES4 ,!SE >E ! %EEP2 ! GOATS HAVE P]=CE TO F5D = !MSELVES4 

,A COMM5T>Y ON ! SITUATION WAS MADE BY ONE ( ! Y\NG WELF>E (FIC]S ATTA*$ TO ! H\S+ DEP>TM5T4 ,ON H] VISIT ( 9SPECTION %E F\ND ?AT ! GOATS HAD SET TO WORK ) A WILL1 IMPROVIS+ P>TITIONS1 RUNN+ UP CURTA9S1 DI/EMP]+1 PA9T+ & US+ 9ITIATIVE4 ,! (FICIAL SQUATT]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 SAT AB\T GLUMLY )\T US+ 9ITIATIVE OR L5D+ A H& TO HELP !MSELVES & BEMOAN+ !IR FATE1 EV5 ?\< MI<T HAVE BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! MO/ APPALL+ SLUM PROP]TY4 ,UNTIL ! OV]WORK$ CORPORATION WORKM5 GOT >\ND TO !M !Y W\LD NOT ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE AFFAIRS !MSELVES4.<#h#e.>  
  

,?IS /ORY REVEALS A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! /ATE ( M9D ?AT IS 9DUC$ BY FREE & 9DEP5D5T ACTION1 & ?AT :I* IS 9DUC$ BY DEP5D5CE & 9]TIA3 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 PEOPLE :O 9ITIATE ?+S & ACT = !MSELVES & PEOPLE TO :OM ?+S JU/ HAPP54 

,! MORE REC5T SQUATT]S' CAMPAIGN 9 ,BRITA9 HAD ITS ORIG9S 9 ! P>TICIPATION ( ! 0LIB]T>IAN ,LEFT0 9 CAMPAIGNS 9 ! #a#i#fS OV] CONDITIONS 9 (FICIAL RECEPTION C5T]S = HOMELESS PEOPLE1 PR9CIPALLY ! YE>-LONG CAMPAIGN TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS AT ! ,K+ ,HILL HO/EL 9 ,K5T4 0,! ,K+ ,HILL CAMPAIGN BEGAN SPONTANE\SLY AMONG ! HO/EL 9MATES1 & :5 \TSID]S JO9$ IT A G5]AL PR9CIPLE WAS ?AT DECISIONS %\LD BE TAK5 BY ! HOMELESS PEOPLE !MSELVES & ! ACTIVITIES %\LD CONF9E !IR P>T TO GIV+ ADVICE1 GA!R+ 9=MATION1 GETT+ PUBLICITY & RAIS+ SUPPORT & ?IS PATT]N HAS BE5 REPEAT$ 9 EV]Y SUBSEQU5T CAMPAIGN40.<#h#f.> ,FROM ! SUCCESS ( ! ,K+ ,HILL CAMPAIGN ! SQUATT]S' MOVEM5T PASS$ ON TO ! OCCUPATION ( EMPTY PROP]TY1 MO/LY BELONG+ TO LOCAL AU?ORITIES :O HAD PUR*AS$ IT = EV5TUAL DEMOLITION = ROAD IMPROVEM5TS1 C> P>KS1 MUNICIPAL (FICES1 OR 9 ! C\RSE ( DEALS ) DEVELOP]S4 ,?IS WAS AT FIR/ RESI/$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 & A PROTRACT$ LAWSUIT FOLL[$ ! USE ( SO-CALL$ PRIVATE DETECTIVES & SECURITY AG5CIES TO T]RORIZE & 9TIMIDATE ! SQUATT]S4 ,C\NCILS ALSO DELIB]ATELY DE/ROY$ PREMISES1 7& >E CONT9U+ TO DO SO7 9 ORD] TO KEEP ! SQUATT]S \T4 ,! ,LONDON ,FAMILY ,SQUATT]S ,ASSOCIATION !N APPLI$ A K9D ( ,G&HIAN MORAL BLACKMAIL BE=E ! C\RT ( PUBLIC OP9ION TO 5=CE ! COLLABORATION ( BOR\< C\NCILS 9 H&+ OV] %ORT-T]M ACCOMMODATION TO SQUATT+ FAMILIES4 ,9 SOME CASES1 TO AVOID POLITICAL EMB>RASSM5T1 C\NCILS HAVE SIMPLY TURN$ A BL9D EYE TO ! EXI/5CE ( ! SQUATT]S4 

,JU/ ONE ( ! MANY PR$ICTABLE P>ADOXES ( H\S+ 9 ,BRITA9 IS ! GULF BETWE5 ! [N]-OCCUPI] & ! MUNICIPAL T5ANT4 ,NE>LY A ?IRD ( ! POPULATION LIVE 9 MUNICIPALLY-[N$ H\SES OR FLATS1 BUT !RE IS NOT A S+LE E/ATE CONTROLL$ BY ITS T5ANTS1 AP>T FROM A H&FUL ( COOP]ATIVE H\S+ SOCIETIES4 ,! [N]-OCCUPI] *]I%ES & IMPROVES HIS HOME1 AL?\< ITS SPACE /&>DS & /RUCTURAL QUALITY MAY BE L[] ?AN ?AT ( ! PRIZE-W9N+ PIECE ( MUNICIPAL >*ITECTURE :OSE T5ANT DISPLAYS LITTLE PRIDE OR PLEASURE 9 HIS HOME4 ,! MUNICIPAL T5ANT IS TRAPP$ 9 A SYNDROME ( DEP5D5CE & RES5TM5T1 :I* IS AN ACCURATE REFLECTION ( HIS H\S+ SITUATION4 ,PEOPLE C>E AB\T :AT IS !IRS1 :AT !Y CAN MODIFY1 ALT]1 ADAPT TO *ANG+ NE$S & IMPROVE = !MSELVES4 ,!Y MU/ BE ABLE TO ATTACK !IR 5VIRONM5T TO MAKE IT TRULY !IR [N4 ,!Y MU/ HAVE A DIRECT RESPONSIBILITY = IT4 

,AS ! PRESSURE ON MUNICIPAL T5ANTS GR[S ?R\< ! CONT9U\S R5T 9CREASES :I* !Y >E P[]LESS TO OPPOSE EXCEPT BY COLLECTIVE RESI/ANCE1 SO ! DEM& WILL GR[ = A *ANGE 9 ! /ATUS ( ! T5ANT1 & = T5ANT CONTROL4 ,! T5ANT TAKE-OV] ( ! MUNICIPAL E/ATE IS ONE ( ?OSE OBVI\SLY S5SIBLE IDEAS :I* IS DORMANT BECAUSE \R APPROA* TO MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS IS /ILL /UCK 9 ! GROOVES ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY PAT]NALISM4 ,WE HAVE ! FULLY-DOCUM5T$ CASE-HI/ORY ( ,OSLO 9 ,NORWAY AS A GUIDE H]E4 ,IT BEGAN ) ! PROBLEMS ( ONE ( !IR PRE-W> E/ATES ) L[ /&>DS1 AN UNPLEASANT APPE>ANCE & GREAT RESI/ANCE TO AN 9CREASE 9 R5TS TO COV] ! CO/ ( IMPROVEM5TS4 ,AS AN EXP]IM5T ! E/ATE WAS TURN$ OV] TO A T5ANT COOP]ATIVE1 A POLICY :I* TRANS=M$ BO? ! E/ATE & ! T5ANTS' ATTITUDES4 ,N[ ,OSLO'S :OLE H\S+ POLICY IS BAS$ ON ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,?IS IS NOT AN>*Y1 BUT IT IS ONE ( ITS +R$I5TS4.<#h#g.> 

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