,*APT] #c - ,! ,DISSOLUTION ( ,LEAD]%IP 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] ,I,I,I4 ,! ,DISSOLUTION ( ,LEAD]%IP 

  
  

,ACCU/OM$ AS IS ?IS AGE TO >TIFICIAL LEAD]%IP 444 IT IS DIFFICULT = IT TO REALIZE ! TRU? ?AT LEAD]S REQUIRE NO TRA9+ OR APPO9T+1 BUT EM]GE SPONTANE\SLY :5 CONDITIONS REQUIRE !M4 ,/UDY+ !IR MEMB]S 9 ! FREE-=-ALL ( ! ,PECKHAM ,C5T]1 ! OBS]V+ SCI5TI/S SAW OV] & OV] AGA9 H[ ONE MEMB] 9/9CTIVELY BECAME1 & WAS 9/9CTIVELY BUT NOT (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ AS1 LEAD] TO MEET ! NE$S ( ONE P>TICUL> MOM5T4 ,SU* LEAD]S APPE>$ & DISAPPE>$ AS ! FLUX ( ! ,C5T] REQUIR$4 ,BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT CONSCI\SLY APPO9T$1 NEI!R 7:5 !Y HAD FULFILL$ !IR PURPOSE7 :]E !Y CONSCI\SLY OV]?R[N4 ,NOR WAS ANY P>TICUL> GRATITUDE %[N BY MEMB]S TO A LEAD] EI!R AT ! TIME ( HIS S]VICES OR AFT] = S]VICES R5D]$4 ,!Y FOLL[$ HIS GUIDANCE JU/ AS LONG AS HIS GUIDANCE WAS HELPFUL & :AT !Y WANT$4 ,!Y MELT$ AWAY FROM HIM )\T REGRETS :5 SOME WID5+ ( EXP]I5CE BECKON$ !M ON TO SOME FRE% ADV5TURE1 :I* W\LD 9 TURN ?R[ UP ITS SPONTANE\S LEAD]1 OR :5 !IR SELF-CONFID5CE WAS SU* ?AT ANY =M ( CON/RA9$ LEAD]%IP W\LD HAVE BE5 A RE/RA9T TO !M4  
  
  

,JOHN ,COM]=D1 ,HEAL? ! ,UNKN[N3 

 ,! ,/ORY ( ! ,PECKHAM ,EXP]IM5T 

,TAKE ME TO Y\R LEAD]6 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ DEM& MADE BY ,M>TIANS TO ,E>?L+S1 POLICEM5 TO DEMON/RATORS1 J\RNALI/S TO REVOLUTION>IES4 0,SOME J\RNALI/S01 SAID ONE ( !M TO ,DANIEL ,COHN-,B5DIT1 0HAVE DESCRIB$ Y\ AS ! LEAD] ( ! REVOLUTION 4440 ,HE REPLI$1 0,LET !M WRITE !IR RUBBI%4 ,!SE PEOPLE WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO UND]/& ?AT ! /UD5T MOVEM5T DOESN'T NE$ ANY *IEFS4 ,I AM NEI!R A LEAD] NOR A PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>Y4 ,I AM SIMPLY A M\?PIECE1 A MEGAPHONE40 ,AN>*I/S BELIEVE 9 LEAD]LESS GR\PS1 & IF ?IS PHRASE IS FAMILI> IT IS BECAUSE ( ! P>ADOX ?AT :AT WAS KN[N AS ! LEAD]LESS GR\P TE*NIQUE WAS ADOPT$ 9 ! ,BRITI% & ,AU/RALIAN >MIES DUR+ ! W> -- & 9 9DU/RIAL MANAGEM5T S9CE !N -- AS A MEANS ( SELECT+ LEAD]S4 ,! MILIT>Y PSY*OLOGI/S LE>N$ ?AT :AT !Y CONSID]$ TO BE LEAD] OR FOLL[] TRAITS >E NOT EXHIBIT$ 9 ISOLATION4 ,!Y >E1 AS ONE ( !M WROTE1 0RELATIVE TO A SPECIFIC SOCIAL SITUATION -- LEAD]%IP V>I$ FROM SITUATION TO SITUATION & FROM GR\P TO GR\P40 ,OR AS ! AN>*I/1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 PUT IT OV] A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO3 0,I RECEIVE & ,I GIVE -- SU* IS HUMAN LIFE4 ,EA* DIRECTS & IS DIRECT$ 9 HIS TURN4 ,!RE=E !RE IS NO FIX$ & CON/ANT AU?ORITY1 BUT A CONT9UAL EX*ANGE ( MUTUAL1 TEMPOR>Y &1 ABOVE ALL1 VOLUNT>Y AU?ORITY & SUBORD9ATION40 

,DON'T BE DECEIV$ BY ! SWEET REASONABL5ESS ( ALL ?IS4 ,! AN>*I/ CONCEPT ( LEAD]%IP IS COMPLETELY REVOLUTION>Y 9 ITS IMPLICATIONS -- AS Y\ CAN SEE IF Y\ LOOK >\ND1 = Y\ WILL SEE EV]Y:]E 9 OP]ATION ! OPPOSITE CONCEPT3 ?AT ( HI]>*ICAL1 AU?ORIT>IAN1 PRIVILEG$ & P]MAN5T LEAD]%IP4 ,!RE >E V]Y FEW COMP>ATIVE /UDIES AVAILABLE ( ! EFFECTS ( !SE TWO OPPOSITE APPROA*ES TO ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK4 ,TWO ( !M >E M5TION$ 9 ,*APT] ,X,I4 ,ANO!R COMES FROM ! >*ITECTURAL PR(ESSION4 ,! ,ROYAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,BRITI% ,>*ITECTS SPONSOR$ A REPORT ON ! ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION 9 >*ITECTS' (FICES4.<#d#b.> ,! SURVEY TEAM FELT ABLE TO DI/+UI% TWO OPPOSITE APPROA*ES TO ! PROCESS ( DESIGN1 :I* GAVE RISE TO V]Y DIFF]5T WAYS ( WORK+ & ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION4 0,ONE WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY A PROC$URE :I* BEGAN BY ! 9V5TION ( A BUILD+ %APE & WAS FOLL[$ BY A MOLD+ ( ! CLI5T'S NE$S TO FIT 9SIDE ?IS ?REE-DIM5SIONAL PRECONCEPTION4 ,! O!R BEGAN ) AN ATTEMPT TO UND]/& FULLY ! NE$S ( ! PEOPLE :O W]E TO USE ! BUILD+ >\ND :I*1 :5 !Y W]E CL>IFI$1 ! BUILD+ W\LD BE FITT$40 

,= ! FIR/ TYPE1 ONCE ! BASIC ACT ( 9V5TION & IMAG9ATION IS OV]1 ! RE/ IS EASY & ! >*ITECT MAKES DECISIONS QUICKLY1 PRODUCES WORK TO TIME & QUICKLY 5\< TO MAKE A REASONABLE PR(IT4 0,! EVID5CE SUGGE/S ?AT ?IS ATTITUDE IS ! PR$OM9ANT ONE 9 ! GR\P ( (FICES :I* WE F\ND TO BE US+ A C5TRALIZ$ TYPE ( WORK ORGANIZATION1 & IT CLE>LY GOES ) RA!R AUTOCRATIC =MS ( CONTROL40 ,BUT 0! O!R PHILOSOPHY -- FROM US]'S NE$S TO BUILD+ =M -- MAKES DECISION MAK+ MORE DIFFICULT 444 ,! WORK TAKES LONG] & IS (T5 UNPR(ITABLE TO ! >*ITECT1 AL?\< ! CLI5T MAY 5D UP ) A MU* *EAP] BUILD+ PUT UP MORE QUICKLY ?AN HE HAD EXPECT$4 ,MANY (FICES WORK+ 9 ?IS WAY HAD F\ND !MSELVES BETT] SUIT$ BY A DISP]S$ TYPE ( WORK ORGANIZATION :I* CAN PROMOTE AN 9=MAL ATMOSPH]E ( FREE-FL[+ IDEAS 4440 ,! TEAM F\ND ?AT 7AP>T FROM A SMALL 0HYBRID0 GR\P ( L>GE PUBLIC (FICES ) A V]Y RIGID & HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE1 A POOR QUALITY ( DESIGN1 POOR TE*NICAL & MANAG]IAL EFFICI5CY7 ! (FICES SURVEY$ C\LD BE CLASS$ AS EI!R C5TRALIZ$ OR DISP]S$ TYPES4 ,/AFF TURNOV]1 :I* BORE NO RELATION AT ALL TO E>N+S1 WAS HI< 9 ! C5TRALIZ$ (FICES & L[ OR V]Y L[ 9 ! DISP]S$ ONES1 :]E !RE WAS CONSID]ABLE DELEGATION ( RESPONSIBILITY TO ASSI/ANTS1 & :]E WE F\ND A LIVELY WORK+ ATMOSPH]E04 

,?IS IS A V]Y LIVE ISSUE AMONG >*ITECTS & IT WAS NOT A Y\NG REVOLUTION>Y >*ITECT BUT ,SIR ,WILLIAM ,PILE1 :5 HE WAS HEAD ( ! ,>*ITECTS & ,BUILD+S ,BRAN* ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,$UCATION1 :O SPECIFI$ AMONG ! ?+S HE LOOK$ = 9 A MEMB] ( ! BUILD+ TEAM ?AT 0,HE MU/ HAVE A BELIEF 9 :AT ,I CALL ! NONHI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK4 ,! WORK HAS GOT TO BE ORGANIZ$ NOT ON ! /> SY/EM BUT ON ! REP]TORY SY/EM4 ,! TEAM LEAD] MAY (T5 BE JUNIOR TO A TEAM MEMB]4 ,?AT WILL ONLY BE ACCEPT$ IF IT IS COMMONLY ACCEPT$ ?AT PRIMACY LIES ) ! BE/ IDEA & NOT ) ! S5IOR MAN40 ,AGA9 FROM ! >*ITECTURAL WORLD1 ,WALT] ,GROPIUS PROCLAIM$ :AT HE CALL$ ! TE*NIQUE ( 0COLLABORATION AMONG M51 :I* W\LD RELEASE ! CREATIVE 9/9CTS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9/EAD ( SMO!R+ !M4 ,! ESS5CE ( SU* TE*NIQUE %\LD BE TO EMPHASIZE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ( 9ITIATIVE1 9/EAD ( AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION BY A BOSS 444 SYN*RONIZ+ 9DIVIDUAL EF=T BY A CONT9U\S GIVE & TAKE ( ITS MEMB]S4440.<#d#c.> 

,SIMIL> F9D+S TO ?OSE ( ! ,R,I,B,A SURVEY COME FROM COMP>ATIVE /UDIES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,SOME REM>KS ( ,WILHELM ,REI* ON HIS CONCEPT ( 0WORK DEMOCRACY0 >E RELEVANT H]E4 ,I AM B\ND TO SAY ?AT ,I D\BT IF HE REALLY PRACTIC$ ! PHILOSOPHY HE DESCRIBES1 BUT IT C]TA9LY CORRESPONDS TO MY EXP]I5CE ( WORK+ 9 AN>*I/ GR\PS4 ,HE ASKS1 0444 ,ON :AT PR9CIPLE1 !N1 WAS \R ORGANIZATION BAS$1 IF !RE W]E NO VOTES1 NO DIRECTIVES & COMM&S1 NO SECRET>IES1 PRESID5TS1 VISE-PRESID5TS1 ETC480 ,& HE ANSW]S3  
  

,:AT KEPT US TOGE!R WAS \R WORK1 \R MUTUAL 9T]DEP5D5CIES 9 ?IS WORK1 \R FACTUAL 9T]E/ 9 ONE GIGANTIC PROBLEM ) ITS MANY SPECIALI/ RAMIFICATIONS4 ,I HAD NOT SOLICIT$ C[ORK]S4 ,!Y HAD COME ( !MSELVES4 ,!Y REMA9$1 OR !Y LEFT :5 ! WORK NO LONG] HELD !M4 ,WE HAD NOT =M$ A POLITICAL GR\P OR WORK$ \T A PROGRAM ( ACTION 444 ,EA* ONE MADE HIS CONTRIBUTION ACCORD+ TO HIS 9T]E/ 9 ! WORK 444 ,!RE >E1 !N1 OBJECTIVE BIOLOGICAL WORK 9T]E/S & WORK FUNCTIONS CAPABLE ( REGULAT+ HUMAN COOP]ATION4 ,EXEMPL>Y WORK ORGANIZES ITS =MS ( FUNCTION+ ORGANICALLY & SPONTANE\SLY1 EV5 ?\< ONLY GRADUALLY1 GROP+LY & (T5 MAK+ MI/AKES4 ,9 CONTRA-DI/9CTION1 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 ) !IR 0CAMPAIGNS0 & 0PLAT=MS0 PROCE$ )\T ANY CONNECTION ) ! TASKS & PROBLEMS ( DAILY LIFE4.<#d#d.>  
  

,ELSE:]E 9 HIS PAP] ON 0WORK DEMOCRACY0 HE NOTES ?AT3 0,IF P]SONAL 5MITIES1 9TRIGUES & POLITICAL MANEUV]S MAKE !IR APPE>ANCE 9 AN ORGANIZATION1 ONE CAN BE SURE ?AT ITS MEMB]S NO LONG] HAVE A FACTUAL MEET+ GR\ND 9 COMMON1 ?AT !Y >E NO LONG] HELD TOGE!R BY A COMMON WORK 9T]E/ 444 ,JU/ AS ORGANIZATIONAL TIES RESULT FROM COMMON WORK 9T]E/S1 SO !Y DISSOLVE :5 ! WORK 9T]E/S DISSOLVE OR BEG9 TO CONFLICT ) EA* O!R40.<#d#e.> 

,?IS FLUID1 *ANG+ LEAD]%IP D]IVES FROM AU?ORITY1 BUT ?IS AU?ORITY D]IVES FROM EA* P]SON'S SELF-*OS5 FUNCTION 9 P]=M+ ! TASK 9 H&4 ,Y\ CAN BE 9 AU?ORITY1 OR Y\ CAN BE AN AU?ORITY1 OR Y\ CAN HAVE AU?ORITY4 ,! FIR/ D]IVES FROM Y\R RANK 9 SOME *A9 ( COMM&1 ! SECOND D]IVES FROM SPECIAL KN[L$GE1 & ! ?IRD FROM SPECIAL WISDOM4 ,BUT KN[L$GE & WISDOM >E NOT DI/RIBUT$ 9 ORD] ( RANK1 & !Y >E NO ONE P]SON'S MONOPOLY 9 ANY UND]TAK+4 ,! FANTA/IC 9EFFICI5CY ( ANY HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION -- ANY FACTORY1 (FICE1 UNIV]SITY1 W>EH\SE OR HOSPITAL -- IS ! \TCOME ( TWO ALMO/ 9V>IABLE *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,ONE IS ?AT ! KN[L$GE & WISDOM ( ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( ! PYRAMID F9DS NO PLACE 9 ! DECISION-MAK+ LEAD]%IP HI]>*Y ( ! 9/ITUTION4 ,FREQU5TLY IT IS DEVOT$ TO MAK+ ! 9/ITUTION WORK 9 SPITE ( ! =MAL LEAD]%IP /RUCTURE1 OR ALT]NATIVELY TO SABOTAG+ ! O/5SIBLE FUNCTION ( ! 9/ITUTION1 BECAUSE IT IS NONE ( !IR *OOS+4 ,! O!R IS ?AT !Y W\LD RA!R NOT BE !RE ANYWAY3 !Y >E !RE ?R\< ECONOMIC NECESSITY RA!R ?AN ?R\< ID5TIFICATION ) A COMMON TASK :I* ?R[S UP ITS [N %IFT+ & FUNCTIONAL LEAD]%IP4 

,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ CRIME ( ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM IS ! WAY 9 :I* IT SY/EMATICALLY ?W>TS ! 9V5TIVE G5IUS ( ! MAJORITY ( ITS WORK]S4 ,AS ,KROPOTK9 ASK$1 0,:AT CAN A MAN 9V5T :O IS CONDEMN$ = LIFE TO B9D TOGE!R ! 5DS ( TWO ?READS ) ! GREATE/ CEL]ITY1 & KN[S NO?+ BEYOND MAK+ A KNOT80  
  

,AT ! \TSET ( MOD]N 9DU/RY1 ?REE G5]ATIONS ( WORK]S HAVE 9V5T$2 N[ !Y CEASE TO DO SO4 ,AS TO ! 9V5TIONS ( ! 5G9E]S1 SPECIALLY TRA9$ = DEVIS+ MA*9ES1 !Y >E EI!R DEVOID ( G5IUS OR NOT PRACTICAL 5\< 444 ,NONE BUT HE :O KN[S ! MA*9E -- NOT 9 ITS DRAW+S & MODELS ONLY1 BUT 9 ITS BREA?+ & ?ROBB+S -- :O UNCONSCI\SLY ?9KS ( IT :ILE /&+ BY IT1 CAN REALLY IMPROVE IT4 ,SMEATON & ,NEWCOM5 SURELY W]E EXCELL5T 5G9E]S2 BUT 9 !IR 5G9ES A BOY HAD TO OP5 ! /EAM VALVE AT EA* /ROKE ( ! PI/ON2 & IT WAS ONE ( ?OSE BOYS :O ONCE MANAG$ TO CONNECT ! VALVE ) ! REMA9D] ( ! MA*9E1 SO AS TO MAKE IT OP5 AUTOMATICALLY1 :ILE HE RAN AWAY TO PLAY ) ! O!R BOYS4 ,BUT 9 ! MOD]N MA*9]Y !RE IS NO ROOM LEFT = NAIVE IMPROVEM5TS ( ?AT K9D4 ,SCI5TIFIC $UCATION ON A WIDE SCALE HAS BECOME NECESS>Y = FUR!R 9V5TIONS1 & ?AT $UCATION IS REFUS$ TO ! WORK]S4 ,SO ?AT !RE IS NO ISSUE \T ( ! DIFFICULTY1 UNLESS SCI5TIFIC $UCATION & H&ICRAFT >E COMB9$ TOGE!R -- UNLESS 9TEGRATION ( KN[L$GE TAKES ! PLACE ( ! PRES5T DIVISIONS4.<#d#f.>  
  

,! SITUATION TODAY IS ACTUALLY WORSE ?AN ,KROPOTK9 5VISAG$4 ,! DIVORCE BETWE5 DESIGN & EXECUTION1 BETWE5 0MANAG]0 & WORK]1 IS MORE COMPLETE4 ,MO/ PEOPLE 9 FACT >E 0$UCAT$0 BEYOND !IR LEVEL 9 ! 9DU/RIAL PYRAMID4 ,!IR CAPACITY = 9V5TION & 9NOVATION IS NOT WANT$ BY ! SY/EM4 0,Y\'RE NOT PAID TO ?9K1 JU/ GET ON ) IT10 SAYS ! =EMAN4 0,WE >E HAPPY ?AT WE HAVE REE/ABLI%$ ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE -- MANAGEM5T'S RI<T TO MANAGE10 SAID ,SIR ,ALICK ,DICK :5 HE TOOK OV] AS *AIRMAN ( ! ,/&>D ,MOTOR ,COMPANY 7ONLY TO BE 0RESIGN$0 HIMSELF :5 ,LEYL&S DECID$ TO MANAGE 9/EAD74 

,! REM>K ,I VALUE MO/ AMONG ! ?+S ?AT W]E SAID AB\T ! AN>*I/ J\RNAL ,I US$ TO $IT1 WAS ?AT ( A REVIEW] :O REM>K$ ?AT IT WAS CONC]N$ ) 0! WAY 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL HUMAN BE+S >E PREV5T$ FROM DEVELOP+0 & ?AT 0AT ! SAME TIME !RE IS A VISION ( ! UNFULFILL$ POT5TIALITIES ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+04.<#d#g.> ,H[EV] MU* ?IS DESCRIB$ ! 9T5TION RA!R ?AN ! RESULT1 ! S5TIM5T IS TRUE4 ,PEOPLE DO GO FROM WOMB TO TOMB )\T EV] REALIZ+ !IR HUMAN POT5TIAL1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ! P[] TO 9ITIATE1 TO P>TICIPATE 9 9NOVAT+1 *OOS+1 JUDG+1 & DECID+ IS RES]V$ = ! TOP M54 ,IT IS NO ACCID5T ?AT ! EXAMPLES ,I HAVE GIV5 ( LEAD]%IP REVOLV+ >\ND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES COME FROM 0CREATIVE0 OCCUPATIONS LIKE >*ITECTURE OR SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,IF IDEAS >E Y\R BUS9ESS1 Y\ CANNOT AF=D TO CONDEMN MO/ ( ! PEOPLE 9 ! ORGANIZATION TO BE+ M]ELY MA*9ES PROGRAMM$ BY SOMEBODY ELSE4 

,BUT :Y >E !RE !SE PRIVILEG$ 5CLAVES :]E DIFF]5T RULES APPLY8  
  

,CREATIVITY IS = ! GIFT$ FEW3 ! RE/ ( US >E COMPELL$ TO LIVE 9 ! 5VIRONM5TS CON/RUCT$ BY ! GIFT$ FEW1 LI/5 TO ! GIFT$ FEW'S MUSIC1 USE ! GIFT$ FEW'S 9V5TIONS & >T1 & READ ! POEMS1 FANTASIES & PLAYS BY ! GIFT$ FEW4 ,?IS IS :AT \R $UCATION & CULTURE CONDITION US TO BELIEVE1 & ?IS IS A CULTURALLY 9DUC$ & P]PETUAT$ LIE4.<#d#h.>  
  

,! SY/EM MAKES ITS MORONS1 !N DESPISES !M = !IR 9EPTITUDE1 & REW>DS ITS 0GIFT$ FEW0 = !IR R>ITY4 

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